Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Company Continuing Vocational Training in Germany

First, the text provides a definition of the subject area of the in-service training (in-company continuing vocational training). Unfortunately, in-service training is rarely seen as an educational field of activity, where the public joint responsibility and active participation provide important regulatory frameworks beyond market radicalization and market failure. A series of different theories and theorems are classified based on a tripartite multi-level model. Although there is no theory of in-company continuing vocational training, a variety of approaches with different explanatory potential are intensively used in the continuing education research. Nevertheless, there is a need for further consolidation and development of the theory-based and above all andragogic studies in an interdisciplinary research and activity field.
The Scale Efficiency of Nile Tilapia Pond Aquaculture and Its Determinants in Tampaksiring District of Bali Province

Aquaculture has been playing an increasingly significant role to the Indonesian economy as alternative livelihood, particularly to provide nutritious food and to improve the living standards of rural communities. Since rice farmers in Bali face the competition with imported rice in the market, income diversification through Nile tilapia aquaculture in a non-permanent pond has got increasing attention in recent years. However, farmers still face inefficiency in aquaculture practices due to production constrains and other socio-economic factors. The main objectives of this study are to analyze the scale efficiency and to determine the factors that influence the efficiency of Nile tilapia aquaculture. To achieve the objective, this study applied data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Tobit regression model. The results of DEA showed that the average technical efficiency and scale efficiency score of nile tilapia aquaculture were 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. Furthermore, there were several factors found to have affected the scale efficiency such as age of farmers, formal education, farming experience, distance of farmer’s pond to main road and the construction design of the pond. As the first study providing the evidence economic efficiency of nile tilapia pond aquaculture in Bali Province, this paper is expected to provide recommendations to support local farmers income diversification. Keywords: Nile tilapia pond aquaculture, scale efficiency, data envelopment analysis, tobit regression
Control of psychrophilic microbiota in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) by Lactobacillus reuteri

As an alternative to traditional methods for controlling microorganisms in food, bioprotection using lactic acid bacteria is promising. Lactobacillus reuteri exhibits an ability to produce reuterin, an antimicrobial substance presenting effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as molds, yeasts and protozoa. In the present study, the activity of L. reuteri culture and extract over psychrophilic microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp kept under refrigeration was evaluated. Sterile extract of L. reuteri was able to reduce the counts of psychrophiles in 2 log cycles, while L. reuteri culture kept the initial count during the whole storage period. L. reuteri was efficient in controlling psychrophiles in shrimp suggesting its use as a food bioprotector. Key words: Lactobacillus reuteri, reuterin, antimicrobial activity.
How Capital Structure Adjusts Dynamically during Financial Crisis

The availability of a unique data set of financially distressed firms enabled this study to apply the dynamic capital structure adjustment model to a study of capital structure. In addition, the factors driving capital structure adjustment of financially distressed and of healthy firms were estimated. The results identified 13 significant variables, which included many macroeconomic variables previously not studied, thus evidence is produced of the impact of macroeconomic factors on capital structure for the first time. We also estimated the adjustment parameters using a new dynamic adjustment model applied to an unbalanced panel data set of distressed and healthy firms. It is found that the adjustment parameters are different in the short term and long term. These new findings add to the capital structure literature.
Prognostic Models for Predicting Delayed Onset of Renal Allograft Function

This review concerns methodologic issues related to prognostic modeling in medicine. To illustrate the application of the methods, prognostic models were developed and evaluated to determine important risk factors predicting delayed graft function as well as factors that prolong the delay. The data consisted of 1,215 patients transplanted with renal allografts at a single center in Finland in 1986-1995. The analysis compared commonly used risk regression and Cox regression models to newer classification tree and regression tree models. Both approaches identified the same set of most important predictors related to delayed graft function, viz. cold ischemia time, type of dialysis, and time in dialysis, but the importance ranking of other factors differed between the models. New data-driven methodologies do not necessarily offer models that are superior to the traditional ones. In complex data with many potential risk factors, prognostic tree-based models have the potential power of providing complementary information and contributing to the interpretation of prognostication.
Improved processing and calibration of the interferometric mode of the CryoSat radar altimeter allows height measurements of supraglacial lakes in west Greenland

We compare geocoded heights derived from the interferometric mode (SARIn) of CryoSat to surface heights from calibration-validation sites on Devon Ice Cap and West Greenland. Comparisons are included for both the heights derived from the first return (the ‘point-of-closest-approach’ or POCA) as well as heights derived from delayed waveform returns (‘swath’ processing). While swath processed heights are normally less accurate than edited POCA heights, of order 1 5 m 15 instead of order 12 m, the increased coverage possible with swath data complements the POCA data and provides useful information for both system calibration and improving digital elevation models (DEMs). We show that the pre-launch interferometric baseline coupled with an additional roll correction (~0.0075°), or equivalent phase correction (~0.0435 radians), provides an improved calibration of the interferometric SARIn mode. We extend the potential use of SARIn data by showing the influence of surface conditions, especially melt, on the return 20 waveforms, and that it is possible to detect and measure the height of summer supraglacial lakes in West Greenland. A supraglacial lake can provide a strong radar target in the waveform, stronger than the initial POCA return, if viewed at near normal incidence. This provides an ideal situation for swath processing and we demonstrate height accuracies of ~ 0.5 m for two lake sites, one in the accumulation zone and one in the ablation zone, which were measured every year from 2010 or 2011 to 2016. Each year the lake in the ablation zone was viewed in June by ascending passes and then 5.5 days later by 25 descending passes which allows an approximate estimate of the filling rate. The results suggest that CryoSat waveform data and measurements of supraglacial lake height change could complement the use of optical satellite and be helpful as proxy indicators for surface melt around Greenland. The Cryosphere Discuss. , doi:10.5194/tc-2016-277, 2016 Manuscript under review for journal The Cryosphere Published: 21 December 2016 c © Author(s) 2016. CC-BY 3.0 License.
Bioactive Natural Products from Plant Sources

Botany today has moved far ahead of the days when most of the work in this branch of science was centered on reporting new species from various geographical regions. It was dominated by taxonomists, who held the expertise for identification of various plant species based on their morphological and other characters. Another notable aspect was that of plant physiology. However no heavy emphasis was given on bioprospecting of the vast plant biodiversity. Though almost all ancient cultures had their own system of plant-based-therapy, no strong connection of these traditional medicinal practices was there with the modern scientific research practice until few years back.
Effects of grape pomace extract on the quality and shelf life of silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix) fillets during chill storage

The effects of grape pomace extract (0, 2 and 4%) on quality and shelf life of silver carp ( Hypophthalmicthys molitrix ) fillets during chill storage (4°C) were investigated. The control and the treated fillets were analyzed periodically for microbiological (TVC and PTC), chemical (TVB-N), and sensory characteristics. The results showed that grape pomace-treated samples have lower TVB-N (24.2 and 21.2 mg N/100 g, respectively), TVC (7.33 and 7.09 log cfu/g, respectively) and PTC (7.26 and 7.03 log cfu/g, respectively) at the end of the storage period. The results revealed that the addition of grape pomace extract has a positive effect on the sensory quality of silver carp fillets by retaining proper quality characteristics for a longer time and extends their shelf life during chill storage.
Decarboxylase activity test of the genus Enterococcus isolated from goat milk and cheese

Biogenic amines are aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic alkalic substances with a biological impact on live organisms. They may cause serious problems to sensitive persons in combination with some medicaments or in case of higher intake. They are present in non-fermented food, usually coming from contaminating microflora, and especially in fermented food where biogenic amines might be produced by microbiota used for procedure. The genus Enterococcus spp. can occur in cheese because their resistance to pasteurizing temperatures is much higher compared to other mesophilic microorganisms. Previous studies have targeted the occurrence and problems of enterococci isolated from cow and sheep milk. The aim of this study was to detect decarboxylase activity of enterococci isolated from goat milk and cheese and to see how the particular temperatures involve decarboxylase activity using a rapid and inexpensive screening method. In this study, bacteria Enterococcus faecium, E. mundtii, E. durans were isolated from 9 samples of goat milk and cheeses. Colonies of bacteria were inoculated on diagnostic medium fortified with amino acids (lysine, arginine, phenylalanine, histidine, tyrosine and tryptophan) and acidity indicator. Changes in colour detected decarboxylase activity of enterococci. The only positive reactions were determined in samples containing arginine and tyrosine. Cultivation of bacteria was confirmed by PCR. All of the tested microorganisms showed significant activity of tyrosindecarboxylase and arginindecarboxylase which was regulated by temperature and influenced by duration of cultivation. The test of decarboxylase activity using colour changes is suitable for a relatively rapid and inexpensive detection of microorganisms that are able to produce biogenic amines. Biogenic amines, microorganisms, amino acid
Detection of poliovirus type 2 in oysters by using cell culture and RT-PCR

Shellfish are readily contaminated with viruses present in water containing sewage due to the concentrating effect of filter feeding. Enteroviruses are generally used as a model for the detection of viruses from shellfish due to their public health significance. In the present work, oysters were placed in glass aquaria containing seawater plus unicellular algae. Two experiments were performed: 1) oysters bioaccumulating four different poliovirus type 2 concentrations: 5 x 104, 2.5 x 104, 5 x 103 and 5 x 102 PFU/mL during 20h; 2) oyster tissues directly inoculated with 6.0 x 105 and 1.0 x 105 PFU/mL. After viruses seeding, tissue samples were processed by an adsorption-elution-precipitation method. Positive controls were performed by seeding 6.0 x 105 PFU/mL of poliovirus type 2 directly on the final oyster tissue extracts. Oyster extracts were assayed for viruses recovery by plaque assay, RT-PCR and integrated cell culture-PCR methodologies (ICC/PCR). The last one was based on the inoculation of the samples onto VERO cell monolayer followed by RT-PCR analysis of the infected cell fluid. In the first experiment (20h bioaccumulation) until 5 x 103 PFU were detected after 24 and 48h growth on VERO cells. Direct RT-PCR and ICC/PCR were able to detect 3 and 0.04 PFU of poliovirus, respectively, when bioaccumulation assay was used. When direct tissue virus seeding was performed, the plaque assays showed that polioviruses were recovered in all tested concentrations. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that viable polioviruses can be detected in oysters after bioaccumulation and these techniques can be directly applied for monitoring virus contamination in environmental samples.
Fine Structures of Solar Radio Type III Bursts and Their Possible Relationship with Coronal Density Turbulence

Solar radio type III bursts are believed to be the most sensitive signatures of near-relativistic electron beam propagation in the corona. A solar radio type IIIb-III pair burst with fine frequency structures, observed by the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) with high temporal (∼10 ms) and spectral (12.5 kHz) resolutions at 30–80 MHz, is presented. The observations show that the type III burst consists of many striae, which have a frequency scale of about 0.1 MHz in both the fundamental (plasma) and the harmonic (double plasma) emission. We investigate the effects of background density fluctuations based on the observation of striae structure to estimate the density perturbation in the solar corona. It is found that the spectral index of the density fluctuation spectrum is about −1.7, and the characteristic spatial scale of the density perturbation is around 700 km. This spectral index is very close to a Kolmogorov turbulence spectral index of −5/3, consistent with a turbulent cascade. This fact indicates that the coronal turbulence may play the important role of modulating the time structures of solar radio type III bursts, and the fine structure of radio type III bursts could provide a useful and unique tool to diagnose the turbulence in the solar corona.
Lack of Preferences, Political Trust and Education Levels: Alternative Explanations for Invalid Votes in Brazilian Elections !

This paper explores the causes of invalid voting in Brazilian elections. Given that invalid ballot rates tend to be higher where voting is compulsory, the correlates of invalid votes in those countries deserve attention. In this regard, Brazil provides an ideal case for analysing the issue. Brazil not only has the largest electorate of all democracies with compulsory voting laws, but it has also introduced electronic ballots, what has been responsible for a considerable decline in the invalid vote rates. Using data from ESEB, a public opinion survey on elections, we perform a series of logistic regressions to analyse the 2010 presidential, gubernatorial and parliamentary elections, and evaluate the impact of political disaffection and educational level on invalid voting behaviour. We also test a third explanation that so far has not received much
Impact of Participatory Natural Resource Management Research in Cassava-Based Cropping Systems in Vietnam and Thailand

In Southeast Asia, many of the poorest farmers live in areas with limited potential for crop production. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important crop on these soils, because it is easy to grow, requires few external inputs, and its roots and leaves can be used as human or animal feed. Cassava is also planted as an industrial crop for production of animal feed and starch where market conditions are developed. The wide variety of end uses makes it a popular crop and an effective vehicle for improving the livelihood of poor upland farmers.
Urban Costs, Wages, and Selection

In most countries housing and commuting costs amount for one-third or more of households' budgets. These urban costs have substantial effects on wages and income inequality. Urban costs play an important role for locational and economic decisions of individuals and firms. This paper enriches the topic on urban costs with cornerstones in much recent micro-modeling in international trade and regional and urban economics by analyzing the effects of urban costs and firm heterogeneity with endogenous markups on wages and selection. With increasing commuting technology only more productive and less firms survive. Firms have higher costs because they have to pay higher wages to compensate workers for the higher urban costs. Despite higher wages welfare decreases with larger urban costs because consumer surplus decreases an there are larger expenses for housing and commuting. Wage premia are hump-shaped with respect to urban costs.
Detection of Small Aircraft using an Acoustic Array

Zelnio, Anne M. M.S. Egr. , Department of Electrical Engineering, 2009. Detection of Small Aircraft using an Acoustic Array. Detection of small aircraft visually or with radar sensors is difficult due to its small size, low-velocity, and low radar cross section. This effort investigates the detection and localization of small aircraft using an acoustic array. The acoustic array was fabricated using low-cost commercial off-the shelf (COTS) hardware that is mobile and can adapt to different signatures and deployment environments. A crosscorrelation method for calibration and delay-and-sum beamforming was performed. A generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT)-based energy detector and a GLRT-based sinusoidal signal detector was applied after beamforming. Detection was also performed using various subpace adaptive beamforming techniques including MUSIC, min-norm, and SSMUSIC which first performed sinusoidal filtering followed by adaptive beamforming. Constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detectors were used to compare all algorithms.
Integration of algebra and chemistry concepts with molecular descriptors: A problem-based-learning exercise

A problem-based learning experience integrating mathematical concepts of linear and abstract algebra for undergraduate chemistry students is presented. The pedagogical framework was focused on the conceptual understanding of the vector space, graph theory and matrix algebra as a tool to obtain chemical information. The students were capable to solve a problem of physicochemical properties prediction through the calculation of molecular descriptors of the TOMOCOMD (acronym for TO pological MO lecular COM puter D esign) approach. A “scientific congress” was organized by students to expose the results of the research. This evaluation strategy stimulated the self- and co-evaluation. The proposed experience demonstrated an enhanced learning compared to the traditional model.
A Preliminary Study on the Extrusion Resolution of Pluronic F127 for Bioprinting Thermo-responsive Hydrogel Constructs

Thermo-responsive hydrogels have gained more attention recently due to their unique characteristic of tunable sol-gel transition when temperature is changed. They have been used for many biomedical applications from drug delivery to fabrication of soft tissue scaffolds via 3D bioprinting. In this paper, the preliminary investigation on bioprinted thermo-responsive hydrogels were conducted in order to find out the correlations between size of nozzle, stage moving speed and gas pressure for achieving optimum printing resolution. The hydrogel that was used in this study was pluronic F127 at 24.5 wt % concentration. Two sizes of nozzle were used (25G and 30G) while stage moving speed (printing speed) and gas pressure were designed to be three levels each. A total of 18 experiments were conducted. The results show that the thinnest continuous line (highest resolution) of hydrogel could be obtained even when a larger nozzle is used. This paper suggests a relationship of the main parameters with the size of nozzle on extrusion based bioprinter, and the results from this study may provide a platform for future correlation studies on extrusion based bioprinting.
The Lagrangian and Other Primal Cutting Planes for Linear Integer Programming Problems

Cutting plane methods and Lagrangian relaxation have both proven to be powerful methods in the solution of integer programs. The purpose of this paper is to interpret Lagrangian relaxation as a cutting plane technique and to develop a related cutting plane technique that generates cuts with very different characteristics than those generated by the Lagrangian. Both classes of cuts differ from more conventional cuts in that they are based on optimization rather than explicit knowledge of the underlying polyhedral structure of the integer program. The theoretical strength of ea.ch type of cut is developed in detail, the computational efficiency of the two techniques is discussed, and computational results are presented.
On English Teaching in Maritime Colleges

According to English level of Chinese ocean sailors at present, we analyze the characteristics and instruction needs of navigation English and point out current English teaching in maritime specialty has many problems. Traditional teaching modes are not suitable for modern maritime needs any longer. So we propose feasible methods and countermeasures on how to improve English teaching in maritime specialty of Chinese colleges. Hopefully advanced sailors with high quality and adapting modern navigation will be brought up.
An electromagnetic rotational energy harvester using sprung eccentric rotor , driven by pseudo-walking motion

In this work, an electromagnetic energy harvesting device using a sprung eccentric rotor has been designed, optimized and characterized to harvest power from pseudo-walking signals (a single frequency sinusoidal signal derived from motion of a driven pendulum that approximates the swing of a human-arm during walking). Our analysis shows that a rotor with an eccentric mass suspended by a torsional spring enhances the mechanical energy captured from low-frequency excitations (e.g., those produced during human walking, running/jogging). An electromagnetic transducer in the sprung eccentric rotor structure converts the captured mechanical energy into electrical energy. An electromechanical dynamic model of a sprung eccentric rotor has been developed and an optimization routine was performed to maximize output power under pseudo-walking excitation. The structure of the electromagnetic transducer was refined using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations. A prototype energy harvester was fabricated and tested in a pseudo wrist-worn situation (by mounting on a mechanical swing-arm) to mimic the low-frequency excitation produced during human walking. A series of pseudowalking motions was created by varying the swing profile (angle and frequency). The prototype with optimal spring stiffness generates a maximum 61.3 μW average power at ± 25° rotational amplitude and 1 Hz frequency which is about 6-times higher than its unsprung counterpart under same excitation condition. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results.