Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of a Permanent Magnet Machine Saliency-Based Drive with Sine-Wave and Square-Wave Voltage Injection

This paper improves a permanent magnet (PM) machine saliency-based drive performance based on the selection of a suitable injection signal. For the saliency-based position estimation, a persistently high-frequency (HF) voltage signal is injected to obtain a measurable spatial saliency feedback signal. The injection signal can be sine-wave or square-wave alternating current (AC) voltage manipulated by the inverter’s pulse width modulation (PWM). Due to the PWM dead-time effect, these HF voltage injection signals might be distorted, leading to secondary harmonics on the saliency signal. In addition, the flux saturation in machine rotors also results in other saliency harmonics. These nonlinear attributes cause position estimation errors on saliency-based drives. In this paper, two different voltage signals are analyzed to find a suited voltage which is less sensitive to these nonlinear attributes. Considering the inverter dead-time, a sine-wave voltage signal reduces its influence on the saliency signal. By contrast, the flux saturation causes the same amount of error on two injection signals. Analytical equations are developed to investigate position errors caused by the dead-time and flux saturation. An interior PM machine with the saliency ratio of 1.41 is tested for the experimental verification.
Rational versus intuitive gatekeeping

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AUTOMATICALLY EXTRACTING UNDOCUMENTED PROGRAMMING RULES AND DETECTING VIOLATIONS USING PR-MINER

From the past three decades, the most widely using word is Data mining; it is the procedure to determine the different patterns from the large data sets, which involves methods of the junction like statistics, machine learning and other data base sets. While dealing with large data sets like big data, hadoop and some other applications, programmers should tend to pay the attention of their programs which have some implicit programming rules. If a programmer was unaware of that rules and violate the methods automatically it leads to system violation. If programmers have adequate knowledge on programming solving this is not a deal. To overcome this sort of unexpected violations many methods were introduced. One of the methods is PR-mining using the frequent item set. This paper deals with the technique of PRmining which efficiently deals with the extracting of implicit programming rules from the large data sets like Hadoop, big data, C, Postgre SQL and some other applications. By using frequent item set Mining (FIM) we can easily trace out the unexpected violations.
University of Groningen Small Regulatory RNA-Induced Growth Rate Heterogeneity of Bacillus subtilis Mars

Isogenic bacterial populations can consist of cells displaying heterogeneous physiological traits. Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) could affect this heterogeneity since they act by finetuning mRNA or protein levels to coordinate the appropriate cellular behavior. Here we show that the sRNA RnaC/S1022 from the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis can suppress exponential growth by modulation of the transcriptional regulator AbrB. Specifically, the post-transcriptional abrB-RnaC/S1022 interaction allows B. subtilis to increase the cell-to-cell variation in AbrB protein levels, despite strong negative autoregulation of the abrB promoter. This behavior is consistent with existing mathematical models of sRNA action, thus suggesting that induction of protein expression noise could be a new general aspect of sRNA regulation. Importantly, we show that the sRNA-induced diversity in AbrB levels generates heterogeneity in growth rates during the exponential growth phase. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that the resulting subpopulations of fastand slow-growing B. subtilis cells reflect a bet-hedging strategy for enhanced survival of unfavorable conditions.
The genetic relation between migmatites and granites, Tuyserkan area, Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic belt, western Iran: Constraints by mineralogy, geochemistry and thermobarometry

The metapelitic migmatites and associated granites widely exposed in the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic belt, (western Iran) are natural case to gain insights into the genetic links between the migmatite and associated granite . In Tuyserkan area, the intrusive of the Alvand batholith (middle Jurassic) invaded the metamorphosed pelitic rocks and resulted in hornfelses and migmatites in contact aureoles. Migmatitic leucosomes exhibit myrmekite and perthite textures, and are mainly composed of plagioclase, quartz, feldspar, biotite and garnet. Based on field geology and petrographic studies, migmatites in Tuyserkan area were proposed to be derived by fluid-absent and fluid-saturated partial melting. The reaction of Bt+And=Crd+Spl+Kfs+melt is the most important way for the metapelites remelting. The peak metamorphic conditions for derivation of the migmatites are estimated to be of approximately 700 °C and 3.8 kbar, reflecting a high-temperature/low pressure (HT/LP) metamorphism. The high-grade metamorphic minerals in these rocks, i.e., spinel, reflecting a pyroxene hornfels facies metamorphism. Leucosomes and leucocratic granites show substantial variations in trace and major elements. The constituent components of feldspars (K 2 O and Al 2 O 3 ) are high in leucocratic granites. The Na/Na+Ca ratios of the leucocratic granites are relatively high in comparison with those of the leucosomes. The SiO 2 content and the constituents of mafic minerals (MgO, FeO and TiO 2 ) in leucosomes are more than leucocratic granites and show high contents of the Mg/Mg+Fe ratio. Leucocratic granites are higher in some HFSE elements (Y, Yb) and leucosomes are higher in the elements that preferably enter plagioclase (Eu). The most important feature of REE patterns is the difference in HFSE amounts between granites and leucosomes. Therefore, the rare earth element (REE) pattern of leucosomes and leucocratic granites in Tuyserkan area depict a lack of a genetic relationship between migmatites and the adjacent granites (leucocratic granites). Nevertheless, the isotopic age of leucocratic granites, mafic intrusions and migmatites confirm that leucocratic granites were emplaced after the formation of the migmatitis. As a results, we proposed that the migmatites formed through contact metamorphism due to the injection of mafic intrusions.
Theoretical Insights into Memorization in GANs

While significant research has gone into developing Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) architectures and training procedures that produce high-quality images, very little is known about how and when GANs “generalize” from the training data (i.e., produce unseen images) as opposed to simply memorizing the training dataset. To answer this question, in this paper we take a new theoretical perspective: we cast memorization in GANs a learning task on the generator that corresponds to learning a mapping from latent space to the data space. Specifically, in this task the generator is trained to output replicas of the training data on a finite set of latent vectors sampled during GAN training. Then we theoretically analyze how likely it is that the generator outputs the training data even on “unseen” latent vectors after training. By taking this perspective, we shed insights into the dynamics of how GAN training can lead to memorization, and uncover subtle, implicit factors in GAN training that discourage memorization.
The development of an immunoassay to measure immunoglobulin A in Asian elephant feces, saliva, urine and serum as a potential biomarker of well-being

Identifying biomarkers of well-being will be beneficial to our understanding of animal welfare. We developed and validated an assay for measuring Asian elephant immunoglobulin A (IgA) in feces, saliva, urine and serum as a potential welfare measure, and show that longitudinal assessments are necessary because of high intra-individual variability.
How cardiolipin modulates the dynamics of respiratory complex I

Cardiolipin induces conformational changes in complex I that modulate the accessibility of the quinone substrate to the enzyme. Cardiolipin modulates the activity of membrane-bound respiratory enzymes that catalyze biological energy transduction. The respiratory complex I functions as the primary redox-driven proton pump in mitochondrial and bacterial respiratory chains, and its activity is strongly enhanced by cardiolipin. However, despite recent advances in the structural biology of complex I, cardiolipin-specific interaction mechanisms currently remain unknown. On the basis of millisecond molecular simulations, we suggest that cardiolipin binds to proton-pumping subunits of complex I and induces global conformational changes that modulate the accessibility of the quinone substrate to the enzyme. Our findings provide key information on the coupling between complex I dynamics and activity and suggest how biological membranes modulate the structure and activity of proteins.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single dose Nilotinib in individuals with Parkinson's disease

Nilotinib is a broad‐based tyrosine kinase inhibitor with the highest affinity to inhibit Abelson (c‐Abl) and discoidin domain receptors (DDR1/2). Preclinical evidence indicates that Nilotinib reduces the level of brain alpha‐synuclein and attenuates inflammation in models of Parkinson's disease (PD). We previously showed that Nilotinib penetrates the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and potentially improves clinical outcomes in individuals with PD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We performed a physiologically based population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (popPK/PD) study to determine the effects of Nilotinib in a cohort of 75 PD participants. Participants were randomized (1:1:1:1:1) into five groups (n = 15) and received open‐label random single dose (RSD) 150:200:300:400 mg Nilotinib vs placebo. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after Nilotinib administration. The results show that Nilotinib enters the brain in a dose‐independent manner and 200 mg Nilotinib increases the level of 3,4‐Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), suggesting alteration to dopamine metabolism. Nilotinib significantly reduces plasma total alpha‐synuclein and appears to reduce CSF oligomeric: total alpha‐synuclein ratio. Furthermore, Nilotinib significantly increases the CSF level of triggering receptors on myeloid cells (TREM)‐2, suggesting an anti‐inflammatory effect. Taken together, 200 mg Nilotinib appears to be an optimal single dose that concurrently reduces inflammation and engages surrogate disease biomarkers, including dopamine metabolism and alpha‐synuclein.
Implementation of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy in postoperative care of patients with cholangiocarcinoma and its impact on patients' quality of life

Implementation of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy in postoperative care of patients with cholangiocarcinoma was studied to explore its impact on patients' quality of life. Two hundred and nineteen patients with cholangiocarcinoma who underwent surgery in Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang from April 2014 to June 2017 were selected as study subjects. Of these patients, 116 received comprehensive rehabilitation therapy, in addition to chemotherapy, after surgery and were assigned to the experimental group. The remaining 103 patients received routine treatment after surgery and were assigned to the control group. Under the guidance of experts, patients in the experimental group carried out multiple comprehensive rehabilitation activities, such as exercises on general physical function, adjustment of psychological state and recovery of social family function. The outcome after 1 month of treatment was evaluated for the two groups according to the RECIST 1.1 guidelines. Nutritional status of patients before surgery, at 1 day and at 1 month after surgery was measured according to the Nutritional Risk Screening endorsed by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN). The quality of life at 1 month after surgery was assessed based on the QLQ-C30 quality of life questionnaire. The negative emotions that patients experienced at 1 month after surgery were assessed using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and the self-rating depression scale (SDS). The response rate in the experimental group was 76.72%, which was significantly higher than 46.60% in the control group (P<0.05). At 1 month after surgery, the nutritional status and quality of life, as well as SAS/SDS scores, were significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In clinical anticancer treatment, synergistic implementation of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy can improve patients' psychological health status, nutritional status and the overall quality of life, and reduce the impact of negative emotions on the physical state.
Computed tomography coronary angiography vs. standard diagnostic procedure for the diagnosis of angina due to coronary heart disease: A cross-sectional study

Patients with episodes of angina are likely to experience future cardiac events and benefit from a revascularization procedure. Conventional invasive coronary angiography is a well-established and reliable method for the detection of angina, but it has a risk of complications and false-negative diagnosis. The objective of the present study was to assess the utility of computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) in the diagnosis of angina due to coronary heart disease. A total of 2,426 patients with chest pain referred to the rapid access chest pain clinic of Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing, P.R. China) between 18 January 2016 and 1 December 2017 were included in the present cross-sectional study. All patients were subjected to evaluation of symptoms, blood tests, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), exercise ECG, coronary artery calcium scoring and CTCA. The cost of the diagnosis of angina was determined for each individual method. In total, 776 (32%) and 1,420 (58%) of patients were identified to be abnormal on clinical assessment and CTCA, respectively. Exercise ECG results were not correlated with the interpretation of CTCA (r=0.8511). The working area of the angina due to coronary heart disease detected at one time by the different diagnostic procedures was in the order of ECG <clinical assessment <exercise ECG <coronary artery calcium scoring <CTCA. The cost of the ‘standard diagnostic procedure (clinical assessments, ECG, exercise ECG)’ was 15,452±806 ¥/patient and that of CTCA was 12,546±612 ¥/patient. CTCA had a higher sensitivity for the diagnosis of angina due to coronary heart disease and the cost was lower than that of the ‘standard diagnostic procedure’ (level of evidence: 3). The current study was registered at the Research Registry on 11th January 2016 (trial no. researchregistry4232).
Effects of Plant Oligosaccharides Derived from Dragon Fruit on Gut Microbiota in Proximal and Distal Colon of Mice

Prebiotic oligosaccharides are used as supplements to improve colon health. Oligosaccharides derived from dragon fruit (DFO) are a mixture of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), and have prebiotic properties that increase beneficial bacteria in vitro. This study aimed to investigate changes in gut microbiota in the colon of mice fed a diet supplemented with DFO. Treatment groups were fed 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of DFO, 1000 mg/kg FOS and distilled water. The results showed that DFO did not change the body weight of mice, but altered microbiota in the proximal and distal colon. Populations of Blautia, Parabacteroides, and Bacteroides were among the highest proportions of bacteria represented after all treatments. Lactobacillus was also found in the proximal and distal colon. Moreover, qPCR results showed that Bifidobacteria increased in the distal colon of mice treated with 100 and 1000 mg/kg DFO for 14 days, while Lactobacilli increased in the proximal colon of mice treated with 500 mg/kg DFO for 7 days. In contrast, Enterococci decreased in the proximal colon of mice that were given 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of DFO and 1000 mg/ kg of FOS for 14 days. These results suggested that DFO is capable of increasing populations of beneficial bacteria while decreasing populations of some other bacteria.
Robust backstepping control for highly demanding quadrotor flight

This paper presents a control strategy that uses smoothly-bounded error corrections together with force-compensating terms to overcome perturbation problems that appear in quadrotor autonomous navigation, particularly in highly demanding flight conditions and slowly-varying wind conditions. First, the quadrotor dynamic model is reduced using feedback linearization. Then an integral-backstepping-like controller is designed, where bounded error-correction actions are introduced using smooth functions. Numerical simulations and real-time experiments are carried out to evaluate the proposed control strategy, showing an adequate behavior under high-acceleration trajectory tracking and slowly-varying wind conditions.
Prediction of key gene function in spinal muscular atrophy using guilt by association method based on network and gene ontology

Guilt by association (GBA) algorithm has been widely used to predict gene functions statistically, and a network-based approach may increase the confidence and veracity of identifying molecular signatures for diseases. The aim of the present study was to suggest a gene ontology (GO)-based method by integrating the GBA algorithm and network, to identify key gene functions for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The inference of predicting key gene functions was comprised of four steps, preparing gene lists and sets; extracting differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using microarray data [linear models for microarray data (limma)] package; constructing a co-expression matrix on gene lists using the Spearman correlation coefficient method; and predicting gene functions by GBA algorithm. Ultimately, key gene functions were predicted according to the area under the curve (AUC) index for GO terms and the GO terms with AUC >0.7 were determined as the optimal gene functions for SMA. A total of 484 DEGs and 466 background GO terms were regarded as gene lists and sets for the subsequent analyses, respectively. The predicted results obtained from the network-based GBA approach showed 141 gene sets had a good classified performance with AUC >0.5. Most significantly, 3 gene sets with AUC >0.7 were denoted as seed gene functions for SMA, including cell morphogenesis, which is involved in differentiation and ossification. In conclusion, we have predicted 3 key gene functions for SMA compared with control utilizing network-based GBA algorithm. The findings may provide great insights to reveal pathological and molecular mechanism underlying SMA.
Improvement of Cognitive Function after Computer-Based Cognitive Training in Early Stage of Alzheimer's Dementia

Background and Purpose Cognitive training is known to be an effective tool in enhancing cognitive functioning. Research has also shown that playing video game improves certain aspects of visual attention and cognitive processing speed. The effect of computer-based cognitive training has not been demonstrated so far. This study therefore evaluated whether computer-based cognitive training improved the cognitive abilities in patients with early stage of Alzheimer's dementia. Methods Totally, 20 participants (early stage of Alzheimer's dementia) participated in this study. To test the effectiveness of computer-based cognitive training programs to cognition, all patients were randomly allocated to either an intervention group (n=10) or a control group (n=10). The intervention group regularly received 24 sessions of computer-based cognitive training, over a 12 week period. Neuropsychological examinations were conducted before and after this training period. Results After 12 weeks, the intervention group showed a significant change in language of Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), compared with the baseline cognitive examinations. Also, there was greater improvement in language, attention, calculation, verbal memory, and frontal function for the experimental group, as compared with controls. Conclusions Computer-based cognitive training might have beneficial effects on the general cognitive functions in early stage of Alzheimer's dementia.
Development and Validation of a Porous Theory of Mind Scale

We report the results of an empirical investigation of the extent to which supernatural believers endorse a porous conception of the mind, i.e., the belief that one’s thoughts can be directly perceived by others. We developed a porous theory of mind (PToM) scale, tested its factor structure by using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and showed its relation with supernatural beliefs in three studies in the Netherlands and one study with North-American participants. We found that endorsement of a PToM is positively related to paranormal beliefs. We also showed that the endorsement of a porous view of the mind differs in meaningful ways between people from different religious backgrounds (i.e., Protestants vs. Catholics; spiritualists vs. religious believers). The finding that supernatural believers endorse a porous conception of the mind fits well with recent work in the field of the anthropology of religion and the psychology of paranormal beliefs. We propose that our PToM scale provides a parsimonious measurement tool (i.e., consisting only of 4 items) that circumvents socially desirable responding, while providing direct insight in the endorsement of paranormal beliefs.