Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Petrography and metamorphism of the metasedimentary country-rocks of the Jacurici Valley Chromitite-Hosting mafic-ultramafic complexes, Bahia, Northeastern Brazil

This paper deal with on the metasedimentary country-rocks of the chromite-bearing ultramafic rocks that occur in the"Jacurici River Valley Chromium District" northeastern Bahia, Brazil. This region presents a complex geologic-petrologic framework of rocks that were intensely deformed, metamorphosed and transformed by metasomatic processes, making it difficult to interpret their evolutionary/metamorphic record. Although the metasedimentary country rocks have also been affected by such processes, it is possible to distinguish evidence of a previous high-grade metamorphism that affected them. Thermobarometric data for the observed mineralogical associations indicate P-T conditions around 750-800oC and 7-8 kb for the metamorphic peak, based mainly on the presence of olivine in marbles and the cordierite-garnet-sillimanite-spinel association in aluminous gneisses.
Reply to “Comments on ‘Average Q and yield estimates from the Pahute mesa test site’”

Abstract Attenuation models, with and without frequency dependence, have been developed through analysis of time-domain amplitude measurements and teleseismic spectral shape data from Pahute Mesa nuclear explosions. The time-domain analysis is based on a near-field to far-field amplitude comparison. The near-field amplitude information is incorporated in two parameterized explosion source models (Mueller-Murphy and Helmberger-Hadley) based on analyses of near-field data. The teleseismic amplitude observations are from a large data set of WWSSN short-period analog recordings. For the narrow-band time-domain data, the various source and attenuation models are indistinguishable. We utilize the spectral shape data in the 0.5- to 4-Hz band as a constraint on the source-attenuation models at higher frequencies, concluding that either source model, when convolved with the appropriate frequency-dependent Q model, can be consistent with both the near-field and far-field time-domain amplitudes and the spectral shape data. Given the trade-off between source and attenuation models and the similarity of the different source models in the 0.5- to 4-Hz band, it is difficult to prefer clearly one source model over the other. The Mueller-Murphy model is more consistent with surface wave amplitude measurements because of larger predicted long-period energy levels. Whether or not frequency dependence is included in the attenuation model, the value of t * near 1 Hz is about 1.0 sec (assuming the Mueller-Murphy source model) or 0.8 sec (assuming the Helmberger-Hadley source model). This 0.2 sec difference results from greater 1-Hz energy levels for the Mueller-Murphy source model. Adopting an average attenuation model, predicted amplitudes and yields are shown to be within the uncertainty of the data for all the events analyzed.
S ep 2 00 7 Measuring thermodynamic length

Thermodynamic length is a metric distance between equilibrium thermodynamic states. Among other interesting properties, this metric asymptotically bounds the dissipation induced by a finite time transformation of a thermodynamic system. It is also connected to the Jensen-Shannon divergence, Fisher information and Rao’s entropy differential metric. Therefore, thermodynamic length is of central interest in understanding matter out-of-equilibrium. In this paper, we will consider how to define thermodynamic length for a small system described by equilibrium statistical mechanics and how to measure thermodynamic length within a computer simulation. Surprisingly, Bennett’s classic acceptance ratio method for measuring free energy differences also measures thermodynamic length.
The effects of tDCS across the Spatial Frequencies and 1 Orientations that comprise the Contrast Sensitivity Function 2 3 4 5

44 45 Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has recently been employed in traditional 46 psychophysical paradigms in an effort to measure direct manipulations on spatial frequency 47 channel operations in the early visual system. However, the effects of tDCS on contrast 48 sensitivity have only been measured at a single spatial frequency and orientation. Since 49 contrast sensitivity is known to depend on spatial frequency and orientation, we ask how 50 the effects of anodal and cathodal tDCS may vary according to these dimensions. We 51 measured contrast sensitivity with sinusoidal gratings at four different spatial frequencies 52 (0.5, 4, 8, and 12 cycles/°), two orientations (45° Oblique and Horizontal), and for two 53 stimulus size conditions [fixed size (3 degrees) and fixed period (1.5 cycles)]. Only contrast 54 sensitivity measured with a 45° oblique grating with a spatial frequency of 8 cycles/° 55 (period = 1.5 cycles) demonstrated clear polarity specific effects of tDCS, whereby 56 cathodal tDCS increased and anodal tDCS decreased contrast sensitivity. Overall, effects 57 of tDCS were largest for oblique stimuli presented at high spatial frequencies (i.e., 8 and 58 12 cycles/°), and were small or absent at lower spatial frequencies, other orientations and 59 stimulus size. Thus, the impact of tDCS on contrast sensitivity, and therefore on spatial 60 frequency channel operations, is opposite in direction to other behavioral effects of tDCS, 61 and only measurable in stimuli that generally elicit lower contrast sensitivity (e.g., oblique 62 gratings with period of 1.5 cycles at spatial frequencies above the peak of the CSF). 63 64 239 words 65 66
Effect of Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle (RORC) on the Performance of Solar Thermal Power in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

This paper presents effect of Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle (RORC) on the performance of solar thermal power in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Solar thermal power is a plant that uses solar energy as heat source. Indonesia has high humidity level, so that parabolic trough is the most suitable type of solar thermal power technology to be developed, where the design is made with small focal distance. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a Rankine cycle that use organic fluid as working fluid to utilize low temperature heat sources. RORC is used to increase ORC performance. The analysis was done by comparing ORC system with and without regenerator addition. Refrigerant that be used in the analysis is R123. Preliminary data was taken from the solar collector system that has been installed in Yogyakarta. The analysis shows that with 36 m total parabolic length, the resulting solar collector capacity is 63 kW, heat input/evaporator capacity is determined 26.78 kW and turbine power is 3.11 kW for ORC, and 3.38 kW for RORC. ORC thermal efficiency is 11.28% and RORC is 12.26%. Overall electricity efficiency is 4.93% for ORC, and 5.36% for RORC. With 40°C condensing temperature and evaporation at 10 bar saturated condition, efficiency of RORC is higher than ORC. Greater evaporation temperature at the same pressure (10 bar) provide greater turbine power and efficiency.
Analyzing Multiple Outcomes: Is it Really Worth the use of Multivariate Linear Regression?

In health related research it is common to have multiple outcomes of interest in a single study. These outcomes are often analysed separately, ignoring the correlation between them. One would expect that a multivariate approach would be a more efficient alternative to individual analyses of each outcome. Surprisingly, this is not always the case. In this article we discuss different settings of linear models and compare the multivariate and univariate approaches. We show that for linear regression models, the estimates of the regression parameters associated with covariates that are shared across the outcomes are the same for the multivariate and univariate models while for outcome-specific covariates the multivariate model performs better in terms of efficiency.
Growth and reproduction genomic-polygenic and polygenic parameters and prediction 1 trends as Brahman fraction increases in an Angus-Brahman multibreed population 2

10 The objectives of this research were to estimate genomic-polygenic and polygenic 11 parameters and to evaluate prediction trends as Brahman fraction increased from 0% to 12 100% in a subtropical multibreed Angus-Brahman (MAB) population for four growth and 13 reproduction traits using single-step genomic-polygenic (GPM) and polygenic models 14 (PM). Traits were 365-d yearling weight (YW), yearling reproductive tract score (RTS), 15 age at first calving (AFC), and first calving interval (FCI). Numbers of phenotypic records 16 were 1,758 for YW, 381 for RTS, 1,385 for AFC, and 985 for FCI. The pedigree file had 17 6,869 calves, sires, and dams, and genotype file contained 115,711 actual and imputed 18 GGPHD150k SNP markers from 1,547 animals. The 4-trait GPM and PM included 19 contemporary group, age of dam (YW only), sex of calf (YW only), direct heterosis, 20 maternal heterosis (YW only) as fixed effects, and animal and residual as random effects. 21 Genetic parameters were estimated using REML procedures and computed using 22 AIREMLF90. Heritabilities were slightly higher for GPM than PM (0.47 vs. 0.45 for YW, 23 0.31 vs. 0.30 for RTS, 0.14 vs. 0.12 for AFC, and 0.31 vs. 0.29 for FCI). Genetic 24 correlations were positive between YW and RTS (GPM: 0.55; PM: 0.60), negative between 25 RTS and AFC (GPM: -0.22; PM: -0.55) and between AFC and FCI (GPM: -0.68; PM: 26 0.67), and near zero for all other trait pairs. The similarity between GPM and PM 27 heritabilities and genetic correlations indicated that the 115,711 GGPHD150k SNP markers 28 added little additional information to that contained in the pedigree. Regression coefficients 29 of breed group EBV means on Brahman fraction were negative (P = 0.0005) for YW, RTS, 30 and FCI, and positive (P < 0.0001) for AFC as Brahman fraction increased. This indicated 31 that heifers with higher Brahman percentages tended to be lighter and less mature as 32 yearlings, older at first calving, and have shorter FCI than heifers with higher Angus 33
Territorial behaviour and population dynamics in red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus . II . Population models

JASON MATTHIOPOULOS*, ROBERT MOSS†, FRANÇOIS MOUGEOT†, XAVIER LAMBIN‡ and STEVE M. REDPATH† * NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit, Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, Scotland, UK; † Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Hill of Brathens, Banchory AB31 4BY, Scotland, UK; ‡ Aberdeen Population Ecology Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
Moralization and Harmification: The Dyadic Loop Explains How the Innocuous Becomes Harmful and Wrong

Greek myths tell of the hero Theseus, who sailed to Knossos to face the fearsome Minotaur. The Minotaur lived within a maze, but it was no ordinary maze. Instead, this labyrinth was carefully constructed by KingMinos to spiral ever inward, drawing Theseus toward the center, where calamity awaited (see Figure 1). Just as this labyrinth led its victims inexorably toward harm, so too do our minds inexorably transform concepts from harmless to harmful. This expanding psychological concept of harm—elegantly revealed by Nick Haslam (this issue)— is accompanied by the expanding concept of immorality. The simultaneous creep of harm and immorality is no accident but reflects a dynamic feedback loop rooted in our harm-based moral minds. As we see, this feedback loop powers the relentlessmoralization and harm-ification of many concepts, including abuse, bullying, prejudice, trauma, addiction, mental illness, animal rights, cigarette smoking, and even political correctness.
MSO de nable string transductions and two-way nite state transducers

String transductions that are de nable in monadic second-order (mso) logic (without the use of parameters) are exactly those realized by deterministic two-way nite state transducers. Nondeterministic mso de nable string transductions (i.e., those de nable with the use of parameters) corespond to compositions of two nondeterministic two-way nite state transducers that have the nite visit property. Both families of mso de nable string transductions are characterized in terms of Hennie machines, i.e., two-way nite state transducers with the nite visit property that are allowed to rewrite their input tape.
Strain-Concentration Factor of Cylindrical Bars with Double Circumferential U-Notches under Static Tension

The interference effect on the new strain concentration factor (SNCF), which has been defined under triaxial stress state; is studied using the Finite Element Method (FEM). To this end, cylindrical bars with double circumferentially U-notches under static tension are employed. he new SNCF is constant in the elastic deformation and the range of this constant value increases with increasing notch pitch (lo) in the range 0.0 <lo≤ 0.5 mm, then it decreases with increasing lo, and reaches a value nearly equal to that of the single circumferential U-notch. This becomes prominent with decreasing notch radius. As plastic deformation develops from the notch root; the new SNCF increases from its elastic value to a maximum value. On further plastic deformation, the new SNCF decreases with plastic deformation. The current results indicate that the notch pitch, where the interference effect is more pronounced on the new SNCF, is 0.0 ≤ lo ≤ 5 mm.
Optimal preparation of water samples for the examination of colloidal material by transmission electron microscopy

We describe an effective combination of techniques for the analysis of aquatic colloidal material by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Specimens are prepared either by direct and quantitative ultracentrifugation onto supporting grids (whole mounts approach) or by resin embedding and ultramicrotomy (thin sections approach). Both preparation schemes require fastidious attention to protocol to obtain minimally perturbed images of native colloidal material present in natural samples. In the case of the whole mounts approach, 'optical properties' (turbidity, light scattering, fluorimetry) of the suspension are measured in order to evaluate the optimal specimen preparation according to a dataset of optimal centrifugation conditions. This fast and non-artifacted approach is complementary to the time-consuming thin sections approach, their combination allowing a clear representation of the ultrastructure of colloids and their 3-dimensional relationships. The whole mounts permit quantification of relative amounts of different colloid 'species' while the sections permit colloid descriptions according to internal differentiation. The use of this correlative approach is illustrated with lacustrine and marine samples, with a special emphasis on the interactions between bacteria, their fibrillar extracellular polymeric substances (fibrils, exopolymers) and other colloids.
International Capital Mobility of Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka

The degree of capital mobility and the long-run relationship between domestic saving and investment have various policy implications for a county. Feldstein and Horioka (1980) argue that in a world of perfect capital mobility, domestic saving and domestic investment would not be correlated to each other. Economists have studied extensively the relationship between saving and investment for developed countries but the same is not true for developing countries. We study the relationship between saving and investment rates for the four countries, namely, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. We use advanced econometric methods for the study. We use both Jansen (1996) and Johansen cointegration tests to study international capital mobility. We study pair wise Granger causality tests in the VAR setting and use the bivariate Granger causality test. The results show that there is no long run relationship between saving rate and investment rate for the South Asian countries. Hence, we conclude that there is international capital mobility for these countries.
Title Health system outcomes and determinants amenable to public health in industrialized countries : a pooled , cross-sectional time series analysis

Background: Few studies have tried to assess the combined cross-sectional and temporal contributions of a more comprehensive set of amenable factors to population health outcomes for wealthy countries during the last 30 years of the 20th century. We assessed the overall ecological associations between mortality and factors amenable to public health. These amenable factors included addictive and nutritional lifestyle, air quality, public health spending, healthcare coverage, and immunizations. Methods: We used a pooled cross-sectional, time series analysis with corrected fixed effects regression models in an ecological design involving eighteen member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development during the period 1970 to 1999. Results: Alcohol, tobacco, and fat consumption, and sometimes, air pollution were significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality and premature death. Immunizations, health care coverage, fruit/vegetable and protein consumption, and collective health expenditure had negative effects on mortality and premature death, even after controlling for the elderly, density of practicing physicians, doctor visits and per capita GDP. However, tobacco, air pollution, and fruit/ vegetable intake were sometimes sensitive to adjustments. Conclusion: Mortality and premature deaths could be improved by focusing on factors that are amenable to public health policies. Tackling these issues should be reflected in the ongoing assessments of health system performance. Background Western populations currently enjoy unprecedented wealth and longevity [1]. It is held that medical care – or more broadly healthcare including public health – Published: 02 August 2005 BMC Public Health 2005, 5:81 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-5-81 Received: 09 February 2005 Accepted: 02 August 2005 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-2458/5/81 © 2005 Arah et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A preconditioned accelerated stochastic gradient descent algorithm

We propose a preconditioned accelerated stochastic gradient method suitable for large scale optimization. We derive sufﬁcient convergence conditions for the minimization of convex functions using a generic class of diagonal preconditioners and provide a formal convergence proof based on a framework originally used for on-line learning. Inspired by recent popular adaptive per-feature algorithms, we propose a speciﬁc preconditioner based on the second moment of the gradient. The sufﬁcient convergence conditions motivate a critical adaptation of the per-feature updates in order to ensure convergence. We show empirical results for the minimization of convex and non-convex cost functions, in the context of neural network training. The method compares favorably with respect to current, ﬁrst order, stochastic optimization methods.
Sulfur speciation in hydrous experimental glasses of varying oxidation state : Results from measured wavelength shifts of sulfur X-rays

The geochemical behavior of sulfur may be affected by magmatic oxidation state because sulfur has the capacity to occur in multiple valence states. We have used the focusing geometry of an electron microprobe to measure the wavelength of SKa X-rays h(SKa)l from hydrous experimental melts synthesized at oxygen fugacities that range from near the iron-wiistite buffer to the magnetite-hematite buffer. Comparison of tr(SKa) for sulfur dissolved in experimental melts with I(SKa) for FeS and CaSOo indicates that the proportion of dissolved sulfur present as sulfate increases, as might be expected, with increasing oxygen fugacity (f",). At oxidation states 2 or more log f, units above the fayalitemagnetite-quartz (FMQ) equilibrium, significant amounts (> 500/0) of sulfur are present as sulfate species in the melt. The change from sulfide-dominant to sulfate-dominant speciation occurs over the range of oxygen fugacity between the FMQ equilibrium and2logfo, units above FMQ (:FMQ + 2). In natural melts that have equilibrated at or below FMQ f 1, sulfur is probably present mainly as S2-, or in the case of hydrous magmas, as HS-, as has been suggested by others.
Transformation of Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens using Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ) Leaf Extract

Agrobacterium mediated gene transformation method is considered as an effective method for transferring foreign genes into plants. Hence, this study was conducted to enhance foreign gene transformation efficiency of local cultivars of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring binary vector (pBI121) in the presence of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) chopped leaf extract. Tomato variety, T245, was successfully regenerated from cotyledon explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2.0 mg/l Zeatin + 0.1 mg/l Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) with 100% efficiency. Although regeneration of transformed tomato was carried out in 500 mg/l Cefotaxime and 25 mg/l levels of kanamycin Sulfate shoot emergence was not occurred. Hence, as positive control tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf explants were cultured on kanamycin after inoculation in Agrobacterium in order to examine whether pBI121 function positively. The culture exhibited many shoots indicating possible true tobacco transformants as compared to the negative control. Hence, an experiment was conducted using tomato explants inoculated with Agrobacterium together with chopped tobacco leaf extract and the explants were cultured on 25 mg/l level of kanamycin. The results showed successful transformants with 40% efficiency. Further experiments are necessary to confirm the transformation event by _-glucuronidase (GUS) histochemical staining. This system is possible to be applied to insert the foreign genes into local tomato varieties using low cost transformation enhancing agents such as tobacco leaf extract. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4038/jfa.v2i2. 4174 JFA 2009; 2(2): 1-5
The boundary-Wecken classi cation of surfaces

Let X be a compact 2-manifold with nonempty boundary @X and let f : (X; @X)! (X; @X) be a boundary-preserving map. Denote by MF@ [f ] the minimum number of xed point among all boundary-preserving maps that are homotopic through boundary-preserving maps to f . The relative Nielsen number N@(f) is the sum of the number of essential xed point classes of the restriction f : @X ! @X and the number of essential xed point classes of f that do not contain essential xed point classes of f . We prove that if X is the Möbius band with one (open) disc removed, then MF@ [f ] − N@(f) 1 for all maps f : (X; @X) ! (X; @X). This result is the nal step in the boundary-Wecken classi cation of surfaces, which is as follows. If X is the disc, annulus or Möbius band, then X is boundary-Wecken, that is, MF@ [f ] = N@(f) for all boundary-preserving maps. If X is the disc with two discs removed or the Möbius band with one disc removed, then X is not boundary-Wecken, but MF@ [f ]−N@(f) 1. All other surfaces are totally non-boundary-Wecken, that is, given an integer k 1, there is a map fk: (X; @X)! (X; @X) such that MF@ [fk]− N@(fk) k . AMS Classi cation 55M20; 54H25, 57N05