Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DOSIS & DOSIS 3D: radiation measurements with the DOSTEL instruments onboard the Columbus Laboratory of the ISS in the years 2009–2016

The natural radiation environment in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) differs significantly in composition and energy from that found on Earth. The space radiation field consists of high energetic protons and heavier ions from Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR), as well as of protons and electrons trapped in the Earth’s radiation belts (Van Allen belts). Protons and some heavier particles ejected in occasional Solar Particle Events (SPEs) might in addition contribute to the radiation exposure in LEO. All sources of radiation are modulated by the solar cycle. During solar maximum conditions SPEs occur more frequently with higher particle intensities. Since the radiation exposure in LEO exceeds exposure limits for radiation workers on Earth, the radiation exposure in space has been recognized as a main health concern for humans in space missions from the beginning of the space age on. Monitoring of the radiation environment is therefore an inevitable task in human spaceflight. Since mission profiles are always different and each spacecraft provides different shielding distributions, modifying the radiation environment measurements needs to be done for each mission. The experiments “Dose Distribution within the ISS (DOSIS)” (2009–2011) and “Dose Distribution within the ISS 3D (DOSIS 3D)” (2012–onwards) onboard the Columbus Laboratory of the International Space Station (ISS) use a detector suite consisting of two silicon detector telescopes (DOSimetry TELescope = DOSTEL) and passive radiation detector packages (PDP) and are designed for the determination of the temporal and spatial variation of the radiation environment. With the DOSTEL instruments’ changes of the radiation composition and the related exposure levels in dependence of the solar cycle, the altitude of the ISS and the influence of attitude changes of the ISS during Space Shuttle dockings inside the Columbus Laboratory have been monitored. The absorbed doses measured at the end of May 2016 reached up to 286 μGy/day with dose equivalent values of 647 μSv/day.
Genetic and clinical aspects of neurofibromatosis type 1: study of a large sample of affected brazilian individuals

SUMMARY Here we describe the results obtained in a sample of 209 Brazilian patients affected by neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1 or von Recklinghausens disease). The phenotypic description of the sample included the determination of average values and frequency estimates of 25 measurements, signs, and symptoms according to their occurrence (familial or isolated) and to sex and age. The following parameters were estimated from our sample: proportion of familial and isolated cases, sex-ratio, segregation rate, pen- etrance value, fitness value, and birth order effect. We studied also the pattern of distri- bution of skin pigmentation spots and neurofibromas and determined the conditional probabilities favoring the diagnosis of NF1 of primary and secondary signs and symp- toms presented by adults suspected of having the condition.
A Semiempirical MIMO Channel Model in Obstructed Viaduct Scenarios on High-Speed Railway

A semiempirical multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel model is proposed for high-speed railway (HSR) viaduct scenarios. The proposed MIMO model is based on the combination of realistic single-input single-output (SISO) channel measurement results and a theoretical geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM). Temporal fading characteristics involving -factor and Doppler power spectral density (PSD) are derived from the wideband measurement under an obstructed viaduct on Zhengzhou-Xi’an HSR in China. The GBSM composed of a one-ring model and an elliptical model is employed to describe the entire propagation environment. Environment-related parameters in the GBSM are determined by the measured temporal fading properties. And a close agreement is achieved between the model results and measured data. Finally, a deterministic simulation model is established to perform the analysis of the space-time correlation function, the space-Doppler PSD, and the channel capacity for the measured scenario. This model is more realistic and particularly beneficial for the performance evaluation of MIMO systems in HSR environments.
THE IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALISATION ON THE NIGERIAN LABOUR MARKET

This study focused on the impact of trade liberalisation on the Nigerian labour market. The major objective was to find out if trade openness has had positive or negative impact on the Nigerian labour market. Secondary data sourced from Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics was employed. The econometric model was analysed using Microfit 4.1 for Windows. The results showed that trade liberalisation has had negative impact on the Nigerian labour market. Nigeria became a dumping ground for cheap products from industrialised countries like China which adversely affected domestic manufacturing companies with many of them closing down. To avert this situation, strategies have been advanced for the production of local goods that are labour intensive both for domestic consumption/export and import capital goods like machineries to promote local production. Furthermore, the study recommends that different degree of liberalisation for various sectors be applied so as to discourage dumping, encourage local production and hence increase rate of employment.
Unscented Transformation-based Probabilistic Optimal Power Flow

Renewable energy-based generation causes uncertainties in power system operation and planning due to its stochastic nature. The load uncertainties combined with the increasing penetration of renewable energy-based generation lead to more complicated power system operations. In power system operation, optimal power flow (OPF) is a widely-used tool in Energy Management System (EMS), for scheduling power generation of power plants, to operate the power system with least cost of generation and to ensure the security and reliability of power transmission grids. On the other hand, in order to deal with the stochastic variables (e.g., renewable energy-based generation and load uncertainties), probabilistic optimal power flow (POPF) has been instituted. This thesis introduces a new Unscented Transformation (UT)-based POPF algorithm. UT-based OPF has a key advantage in handling the correlated random variables, and has become an open research area. Integrated wind power and independent or correlated loads are represented using a Gaussian probability distribution function (PDF). The UT is utilized to generate the sigma points that represent the PDF with a limited number of points. The generated sigma points are then used in the deterministic OPF algorithm. The statistical characteristics (i.e. means and variances) of the UT-based POPF solutions are calculated according to the inputs and their corresponding weights. Different UT methods with their corresponding sigma point selection processes are evaluated and compared with Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) as the solution benchmark. In the thesis, Locational Marginal Price (LMP) in the transmission network is evaluated as the output of the UT-based POPF. The proposed algorithm is successfully verified on the standard IEEE 30and 118-bus power transmission systems with wind power generation and unspecified loads. These two test cases represent a portion of American Electric Power (AEP) transmission grid.
Queuing Theory , Time Series and an application to Tollgate ’ s Traffic Flow Prediction

By introducing a methodology for forecasting the minimum amount of open gates that will be needed for a given period This paper aims to provide a useful resource to support operational management in highway companies. With this aim, it develops basic notions, results in Queuing Theory and presents and explain useful tools for a Classical Analysis of Time Series. In the practical part the model is developed, implemented in R, tested in the last trimester of 2017 and used to predict the hourly amount of minimum open gates needed for the first two months of 2018.
Soil Physical Quality and Carbon Stocks Related to Weed Control and Cover Crops in a Brazilian Oxisol

According to Lal [1], soil degradative processes can be divided into physical (soil structure deg‐ radation, leading to crusting, compaction, erosion, desertification, anaerobiosis, environmen‐ tal pollution and unsustainable use of natural resources), chemical and biological. Soil structure is an important soil physical property that affects all three degradative processes [1] and might be changed by weed control and cover crops management.
The influence of code-mixing and speaker information on perception and assessment of foreign language proficiency: An experimental study

The study draws on different lines of research on the influence of social and other information on the evaluation of language production in school contexts. On the one hand, names or other background information is well known to influence teachers and other gatekeepers’ evaluations, and on the other hand, code-switching and other non-standard features in pupils’ language production are also known to affect assessment outcomes not only of linguistic skills but also of general academic potential. Taking into account these two research traditions, this study investigates the influence of different ethnically marked names and code-switches on teachers’ evaluations of pupils’ oral proficiency in French as a foreign language. Three authentic oral texts were rerecorded once by inserting German words and once without such inserts. Additionally, these samples were presented either as stemming from a bilingual Swiss German native or from a multilingual Swiss-German Serbian boy. A total of 157 future teachers rated the speech samples with respect to different dimensions (fluency, correctness, but also the pupil’s academic potential in general). The analyses provide evidence for positive and negative stereotyping of the Serbian first name, and there is also an unexpected interaction with code-mixing into German: without insertional mixing, the texts with a Balkan name are perceived as being superior, but with such mixing this superiority is lost and turns into significantly lower assessment scores.
Vegetation composition and ecological gradients of subtropical-moist temperate Ecotonal forests of Nandiar Khuwar Catchment, Pakistan

Present study was conducted in the mixed Pinus roxburghii Surgent and Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jackson forests of Nandiar Khuwar catchment Battagram District of Pakistan. The aim of this study was to examine the spatial pattern of vegetation composition and its relationship to microclimatic and edaphic factors. Vegetation sampling was carried out using 12 stands between elevations of 1250 - 2050 m in the study area. Four plant communities were recognized through TWINSPAN classification. Life form was dominated by nanophanerophytes and leaf size spectra were dominated by microphyll. The maximum similarity index value (32.9) was recorded between P. roxburghii, P. wallichiana, Q. incana community and Q. incana, P. roxburghii, P. wallichiana community. In Bray-Curtis ordination, maximum ordination score (0.746) was recorded for axis 1. In DCA ordination, maximum gradient length (2.43) was recorded for axis 1 with eigenvalue 0.35. In CCA ordination, maximum eigenvalue was recorded for axis 1 (0.35). The total variance (inertia) in the species data was 2.15, explanatory variables account for 100%. On axis 1 the maximum correlation (−0.749) and maximum tau value (−0.565) was recorded for wet bulb. On axis 2 the maximum negative correlation value was recorded for temperature (−0.553) and maximum tau value was recorded for slope aspect (−0.480).
Conversion and Annotation Web Services for Spoken Language Data in CLARIN

We present an approach to making existing CLARIN web services usable for spoken language transcriptions. Our approach is based on a new TEI-based ISO standard for such transcriptions. We show how existing tool formats can be transformed to this standard, how an encoder/decoder pair for the TCF format enables users to feed this type of data through a WebLicht tool chain, and why and how web services operating directly on the standard format would be useful.
The effect of a modified classic herbal formula, Bupleurum and dragon bone (Chai Hu Long Gu Mu Li Tang Jia Jian), on stress: a small sample non-randomized human clinical trial

Contemporary society has seen stress reaching epidemic proportions. Pharmaceutical drugs used to treat stress, although effective, run the risk of physical dependence and addiction, prompting stress sufferers to seek other therapies. Chinese medicine, and in particular herbal medicine, presents a reasonable and effective treatment for stress management. Human clinical trials of Chinese herbal formulas are sorely lacking in Western medical literature. The present small sample, non-randomized clinical trial was conducted to test the efficacy of the herbal formula Bupleurum and Dragon Bone (Chai Hu Long Gu Mu Li Tang Jia Jian) in lowering participant scores on the standardized Perceived Stress Scale. The result of this clinical trial yielded a highly significant p-value of . 001. The results were discussed in terms of theory and practice.
Islanding Detection of Synchronous Machine-Based DGs using Average Frequency Based Index

Identification of intentional and unintentional islanding situations of Dispersed Generators (DGs) is one of the most important protection concerns in power systems. Considering safety and reliability problems of distribution networks, an exact diagnosis index is required to discriminate the loss of the main network from the existing parallel operation. Hence, this paper introduces a new islanding detection method for synchronous machine–based DGs. This method uses the average value of the generator frequency to calculate a new detection index. The proposed method is an effective supplement of the Over/Under Frequency Protection (OFP/UFP) system. The analytical equations and simulation results are used to assess the performance of the proposed method under various scenarios such as different types of faults, load changes and capacitor bank switching. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is compared with the performance of both ROCOF and ROCOFOP methods.
Extreme weather exposure identification for road networks – a comparative assessment of statistical methods

Abstract. The assessment of road infrastructure exposure to extreme weather events is of major importance for scientists and practitioners alike. In this study, we compare the different extreme value approaches and fitting methods with respect to their value for assessing the exposure of transport networks to extreme precipitation and temperature impacts. Based on an Austrian data set from 25 meteorological stations representing diverse meteorological conditions, we assess the added value of partial duration series (PDS) over the standardly used annual maxima series (AMS) in order to give recommendations for performing extreme value statistics of meteorological hazards. Results show the merits of the robust L-moment estimation, which yielded better results than maximum likelihood estimation in 62 % of all cases. At the same time, results question the general assumption of the threshold excess approach (employing PDS) being superior to the block maxima approach (employing AMS) due to information gain. For low return periods (non-extreme events) the PDS approach tends to overestimate return levels as compared to the AMS approach, whereas an opposite behavior was found for high return levels (extreme events). In extreme cases, an inappropriate threshold was shown to lead to considerable biases that may outperform the possible gain of information from including additional extreme events by far. This effect was visible from neither the square-root criterion nor standardly used graphical diagnosis (mean residual life plot) but rather from a direct comparison of AMS and PDS in combined quantile plots. We therefore recommend performing AMS and PDS approaches simultaneously in order to select the best-suited approach. This will make the analyses more robust, not only in cases where threshold selection and dependency introduces biases to the PDS approach but also in cases where the AMS contains non-extreme events that may introduce similar biases. For assessing the performance of extreme events we recommend the use of conditional performance measures that focus on rare events only in addition to standardly used unconditional indicators. The findings of the study directly address road and traffic management but can be transferred to a range of other environmental variables including meteorological and hydrological quantities.
Normalización de un sistema de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real para la cuantificación de papilomavirus humano de alto riesgo oncogénico

The objective of the present study is to standardize a real-time based polymerase chain reaction system in order to detect and quantify 7 high risk human papillomavirus in different clinical samples from patients suspected of this type of infection. The validation of a 5´ exonuclease fluorescent probe real-time PCR assay (TaqMan format) for the detection and quantification of the 7 most frequent HR-HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33, 45, and 58) which account for over 87% of cervical carcinomas world-wide was carried out. Simultaneous PCR reactions are required to detect the designated HPV types. Specificity tests for each HPV type and other DNA viruses were performed. Standard external curve constructions were achieved, which allow determining the number of target DNA copies in the previously HPV tested samples. HPV 16 and 18 standard curves were obtained from purified genomic DNA of SiHa and HeLa cell lines, respectively. The pattern curves were constructed on the basis of each of the resulting standard DNA, which showed good linear correlation ( r = -0, 99) and low error values. The lower detection limit was 10 copies for both HPV 16 and 18. No cross reactions between HPV types and other DNA viruses were observed. Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction system, standardized for 7 HPV types, proved to be a rapid, specific and highly sensitive system for better diagnosis and follow-up of patients with high grade intraepithelial lesions. In addition, this assay will allow the development of coming researches in relation with the prevalence and pathogenesis of human papillomavirus infections in different samples from Cuban patients.
Identification of Dark Tea ( Camellia sinensis (L.)) Origins According to Chemical Composition Combined with Bayes Classification Pattern Recognition

As one of the six major teas in China, dark tea is mainly produced in Yunnan, Hunan, Sichuan, Hubei and Guangxi provinces of china. At present, identification geographical of teas mainly depends on the sensory evaluation, because of lacking the quantitative discriminate method. In this study, 38 dark teas were taken, which were collected from five regions. And the main chemical compositions of tea samples were detected according to international standard. Using SPSS18.0 statistical software to reduction dimension, then chose four compositions (GA, EGC, caffeine, total catechins) as the principal component factors, by using Bayes discriminate analysis method, we established the quantitative discriminate model, which could identify the dark teas from different regions. The results show that the Bayes discriminate analysis can be used to discriminate the 38 samples from five regions and the correct rate could be reached 100%, which means the methods established is reliable.
Automotive FMCW Radar Development and Verification Methods

This report describes the research on radar development and virtual verification methods using an automotive frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) mmWave sensing module. This thesis work provides a clear description on how a radar works from the analog front-end to target characterization through digital signal processing (DSP), by providing accurate and efficient verification methods to evaluate not only the radar performance but also the target characteristics. The report starts with a theoretical overview on FMCW radar concepts. The next part of report gives a detailed explanation on developing and setting up the hardware tool chain along with the software and tools that are necessary to capture the raw analog-to-digital converter (ADC) data. The next section of the report focuses on the main adopted implemented methodologies for the DSP block. Once all these different topics are covered, this project concludes by comparing the obtained results from the DSP algorithms with the ground-truth data obtained from different pre-defined hardware (HW) test-scenarios. The results from the thesis work mainly focus in three different type of analysis: stationary targets, dynamic targets and the comparison of implemented adaptive signal processing algorithm. For the first two type of analysis, results provide some evaluation criteria on fundamental radar performance parameters such as range, velocity and angle of arrival (AoA) estimation of the measured target with respect to radar. Additionally, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is exploited to calculate one of the most relevant target characterization parameters: the radar cross section (RCS). For the last type of analysis, a success rate indicator compares and contrasts the performance of the proposed adaptive signal-processing algorithm with other similar implementations. The results from the analysis confirms the right implementation of a radar verification tool, which allows the user to extract the most relevant characteristics of the radar and target, with the freedom of changing the main algorithmic parameters and observe their effect on target detection and characterization. From the results, is clear that future improvements are needed to improve target detection algorithms especially for the cases involving certain corner scenarios.
Autonomous Ocean Turbulence Measurements Using Shear Probes on a Moored Instrument

An internally recording, autonomous instrument has been tested for measurements of ocean turbulence from a mooring line. Measurements were made at a single level in the water column, but for an extended period of time,atapredetermineddutycycle.Theinstrumentisdesignedtomeasure,independently,intwodifferentparts of the turbulence wavenumber spectrum: eddy correlation measurements in the inertial subrange and smallscale shear and temperature gradient measurements in the dissipation subrange using shear probes and fastresponse thermistors. For the deployment reported here, the instrument is located in the wave-affected layer, and only the dissipation subrange from the shear probes can be confidently utilized for turbulence measurements.Thevelocityspectraintheinertialsubrangeareseverelycontaminatedbyplatformmotionandnoise,and the dissipation range of the temperature gradient spectrum is not satisfactorily resolved. The shear spectra are found to be relatively free of contamination in the 1‐20-Hz frequency range and are used for dissipation rate calculations. The quality of the measurements is constrained by the angle of attack and the magnitude of mean flow relative to the wave oscillatory velocities. Dissipation rates are consistent with a scaling expected from breakinglongwaves,whenbackgroundshearisweak,andareelevatedwhenthegradientRichardsonnumberis small, consistentwith additional turbulenceproduction byshear. While limited toa single depth, the instrument makes it possible to collect time series for 3 weeks continuously or for 3 months at a 25% duty cycle.