Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wellbore Stability Problems in Deepwater Gas Wells

The analysis of wellbore stability in deepwater gas wells is vital for effective drilling operations, especially in deepwater remote areas and for modern drilling technologies. Wellbore stability problems usually occur when drilling through hydrocarbon formations such as shale, unconsolidated sandstone, fractured carbonate formations and HPHT formations with narrow safety mud window. These problems can significantly affect drilling time, costs and the whole drilling operations. In deepwater gas wells, there is also the possible of gas hydrate problems because of the low temperature and high pressure conditions of the environment as well as the coexistence of gas and water inside the wellbore. These hydrates can block the mud line, surface choke line and even the BOP stack if no hydrate preventive measures are considered. In addition, the dissociation of these hydrates in the wellbore may gasify the drilling fluid and reduce drilling mud density, hydrostatic pressure, change mud rheology and cause wellbore instabilities. Traditional wellbore stability analysis considered the formation to be isotropic and assumed that the rock mechanical properties are independent of in-situ stress direction. This assumption is invalid for formations with layers or natural fractures because the presence of these geological features will influence rock anisotropic properties, wellbore stress concentration and failure behavior. This is a complicated phenomenon because the stress distribution around a wellbore is affected by factors such as rock properties, far-field principal stresses, wellbore trajectory, formation pore pressure, reservoir and drilling fluids properties and time. This research work reviews the major causes of wellbore stability problems in deepwater gas wells and outlines different preventive measures for effective drilling operation, because real-time monitoring of drilling process can provide necessary information for solving any wellbore stability problems in a short time.
The impact of color traits on corporate branding

Aristotle, a famous Greek philosopher, indicated that all perceptions are triggered by witness. Consumers have a first impression of sight memory for products within 0.67 seconds. The first impression dominates 67% of the purchasing process, which comes from colors. This research considers using colors to manifest corporate brand image and charm and believes that inappropriate usage of colors may confuse the corporate brand memory and image. This paper utilizes Birren’s Color Theory to identify each color trait and explore the consistency between color traits of the corporate brand and the vision and goal of corporate identity. The results reveal that color also guides consumers to recognize corporate brands and, corporate brand recognition and image improves purchase and profit. Key words: Color traits, corporate branding, corporate identity, brand identity.
Safeguarding Youth Interrogation Rights: The Effect of Grade Level and Reading Complexity of Youth Waiver Forms on the Comprehension of Legal Rights

The extent to which youths understand their interrogation rights was examined. High school students (N=160) from five different grades were presented with one of two Canadian youth waiver forms—varying widely in reading complexity—and tested on their knowledge of their legal rights. Results showed that comprehension of both waiver forms was equally deficient, and systematic misunderstandings of vital legal rights were discovered (e.g., the right to remain silent). There was also a positive linear relationship between high school grade level and amount of comprehension. Potential ways to enhance youths’ understand- ing of their rights and provide them protection during interrogations are discussed.
Predicting Dwelling Prices with Consideration of the Sales Mechanism

Using dwelling prices in Australia's two largest cities, we consider whether the way in which a property is sold, either through an auction or a private-treaty negotiation, is informative for predicting dwelling prices. We find evidence to suggest that average prices of dwellings sold at auction are informative for forecasting growth in average private-treaty prices and average sales prices overall. In contrast, we find little evidence to suggest that dwellings sold through private-treaty are similarly informative. Interpreting these results using two models of price determination – an English auction where buyer values are positively correlated, and inferred through the auction process, and a private-treaty sale where the price is determined by a Nash bargain – we find that auction prices better reflect a common trend in prices and are therefore more useful when forecasting. In contrast, private-treaty prices are affected by shocks that are specific to that mechanism of trade, such as changes in the relative strength of the bargaining positions of buyers and sellers, or changes to the dispersion of valuations. These shocks appear to reduce the usefulness of private-treaty prices for forecasting or measuring short-run movements in the common price trend.
Analysis of Damaged Silicon Rubber Hose

Recently, there have been many reports of silicon rubber (SR) hoses becoming brittle in juice factory within one month of purchase. The damage is a new phenomenon, and its cause is unknown. We have collected the damaged hoses attached to UHT sterilizer (ultra-high-temperature) in juice factory and examined them for chemical changes. In addition, we have analyzed the hose-washing chemicals (NaOH and HNO3) that used in juice factory and investigated the effect of NaOH and HNO3 on a new hose surface in an attempt to establish a probable chemical chain reaction that could attack of the Si-O-Si backbone and cause such degradation. According to WDXRF (Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence), CHNS (Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen and Sulfur) elemental analysis and FE-SEM photo mapping (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) results, the amount of silicon (Si) and the oxygen (O) concentration were much lower in the damaged hoses than in new SR hose ones. These findings reveal that oxygen-containing silicon-based backbone may leach out from the hose by washing chemicals. As a result, the hoses became brittle after one month of use in juice factory. EDS (Energy-Dispersive-Spectroscopy) peak shows that low concentration of sodium was inserted into the damaged hose surface, due to hose cleaning by NaOH. UV-Vis Spectrometer was used to detect the Si from hose washing chemicals. It was found that the elemental composition of the damaged SR hose changed significantly and both the pH of washing chemicals (NaOH and HNO3) and the exposure UTH temperature have direct effect on the brittleness of the silicon hose in juice factory.
IMPACT OF BIO-FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS L. MOENCH)

Field experiment was conducted at Regional Horticultural Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat) during rabi season of 2010 to assess the effect of chemical fertilizers along with biofertilizers on okra in terms of growth and yield. Among the different treatments maximum plant height (96.03 cm), pod weight (11.53 g), girth of pod (4.88 cm), yield plant -1 (139.39 g) and yield ha -1
The Quaternions with an application to Rigid Body Dynamics

William Rowan Hamilton invented the quaternions in 1843, in his effort to construct hypercomplex numbers, or higher dimensional generalizations of the complex numbers. Failing to construct a generalization in three dimensions (involving ”triplets”) in such a way that division would be possible, he considered systems with four complex units and arrived at the quaternions. He realized that, just as multiplication by i is a rotation by 90 in the complex plane, each one of his complex units could also be associated with a rotation in space. Vectors were introduced by Hamilton for the first time as ”pure quaternions” and Vector Calculus was at first developed as part of this theory. Maxwell’s Electromagnetism was first written using quaternions (see, eg. [6]).
Estimating Potential Output And The Output Gap For Brazil

This paper aims to estimate output gap for Brazilian economy through di.erents methodolies. We use traditional univariate techniques and propose a new semi-estructural methodology that combines HP filtering and the production function approach. In order to compare the di.erent potential output estimates, we use a Phillips curve to predict free price inflation and a rolling forecast experiment as a test of forecast accuracy. Our results shows that the forecasts produced by the Local level and Watson models are even more inaccurate than those generated by the simplest univariate models. The main evidence is that the Beveridge-Nelson methodology outperforms all the models at all forecast horizons.
A review on the use of Patient Reported Outcome (PROs) in clinical settings

Patient reported outcomes (PROs) refer to any report of the status of a patient's health condition that comes directly from the patient. While PROs are a well-developed technology with robust standards in research their use for informing health care decisions is generally poorly understood. In this paper we review relevant examples of their application in health care provision to date, and examine the challenges associated with routinely implementing PROs in clinical settings. We evaluate evidence for their use, and examine key barriers, such as where there is a lack of alignment between interpretation of scores and clinical decision making on the ground. Based on available evidence we have developed a framework of the key requirements for the successful implementation of PROs in clinical practice. We conclude by exploring potential future developments for the use of PROs in clinical practice, such as individualised measurement and efficient administration through the use of computer adaptive tests (CATs).
Characteristics, Outcomes and Predictors of Mortality in Patients Undergoing Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt

Background: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a procedure for hepatic decompression and lowering of portal hypertension. The procedure is performed angiographically by inserting a metal stent between the hepatic and portal vein. Improved techniques and the expanding indications of TIPS throughout the years have made it more common. Consequently, a better prediction accuracy of its outcomes and complications is warranted. The aims of this study were to present real-life experience with the TIPS procedure and to identify novel risk factors for shortterm complications and mortality. Methods and findings: We conducted an observational, retrospective study of all patients who underwent a TIPS procedure from 2005-2017 in a single tertiary center. Data collected from the medical records included demographics, anthropometrics, co-morbidities, biochemical tests, indications and short-term (≤ 90 days) complications. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine risk factors for 90-day mortality. Results: A total of 101 patients (54% males and mean age of 55.9 ± 15.7 years) underwent technically successful TIPS insertion. The most common complications were hepatic encephalopathy (43.6%, n=44) and hepatic decompensation (17.8%, n=18). The incidence of 90-day mortality was 21.8% (n=22). Multivariate analysis revealed that older age (OR=1.061, 95% CI: 1.006-1.119), hypertension (OR=6.193, 95% CI: 1.666-23.024) and high Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (OR=1.167, 95% CI: 1.017-1.329) were independent and significant predictors of early post-TIPS mortality. Conclusions: Older age, hypertension and high MELD score are independent predictors of early mortality postTIPS. We recommend considering these risk factors when selecting patients for TIPS insertion.
Identification and Characterization of LHCB1 Co-Suppressed Line in Arabidopsis

To explore the function of light-harvesting complex protein (LHCP) in Arabidopsis growth and development, the Leclere and Bartel seed collection was screened. In this collection randomly cloned cDNAs are expressed under the CaMV35S promoter. A pale green line has been identified and characterized in more details. Analysis of the inserted cDNA in the pale green line showed it encodes LHCB1 proteins. The transcript level of LHCB1 in the selected line was less than that of the wild type (WT) Arabidopsis plant. Characterization of the LHCB1 co-suppressed line was achieved through its comparison with the WT plants when both were grown under normal irradiance. Then several measurements were performed such as: fresh and dry weight, chla, chlb, chla/b ratios and total chlorophyll content, soluble and insoluble sugar contents, total protein level, Hill reaction level and chlorophyll fluorescence. The LHCB1co-suppressed plants showed smaller leaf area with pale green coloration. Suppression of the LHCB1 gene significantly reduced fresh weight, chla, chlb content, total chlorophyll, and the rate of Hill reaction. Soluble and insoluble sugars, total protein, and chlorophyll fluorescence did not show significant differences between this line and WT plants. Meanwhile there was not any significant difference in fluorescence parameters between the WT and LHCB1 co-suppressed line.
Glacial‐interglacial size variability in the diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis: Possible iron/dust controls?

[1] The valve area of Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, the most abundant diatom species in the Southern Ocean, strongly changes in size in response to varying conditions in the surface ocean. We examined the link, both in two iron fertilization experiments and in sediment samples covering several glacial Terminations, between size variability in this species and environmental conditions across the Antarctic Polar Front, including sea ice extent, sea surface temperature, and the input of eolian dust. The iron fertilization experiments show valve area to be positively correlated with iron concentrations in ambient waters, which suggests the possibility of a causal relation between valve size of Fragilariopsis kerguelensis and ambient surface water iron concentration. Larger valves are usually found during glacial times and thus seem to be related to lower sea surface temperature and wider sea ice coverage. Moreover, our results indicate that there usually is a strong correlation between larger valve size and increased input of eolian dust to the Southern Ocean. However, this correlation, obvious for the fertilization experiments and for glacial Terminations I, II, III, and V, does not seem to be valid for Termination VI, where size appears to be inversely correlated to dust input. Citation: Cortese, G. , R. Gersonde, K. Maschner, and P. Medley (2012), Glacial-interglacial size variability in the diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis: Possible iron/dust controls? , Paleoceanography, 27, PA1208, doi:10.1029/2011PA002187.
Role of Impedance Control in Achieving Precision in Orofacial Movement

In the context of jaw movement in speech, we show that spatial precision in speech production is systematically associated with the regulation of impedance and in particular, with jaw stiffness. We estimated jaw stiffness and also variability during movement using a robotic device to apply brief force pulses to the jaw. We applied this technique to data from 31 subjects whose jaw movements were perturbed during simple speech utterances and matched non-speech movements. We observed systematic differences in stiffness over the course of jaw lowering and raising movements that were matched by measures of kinematic variability, which points to the idea that stiffness regulation is integral to the control of orofacial movement variability.
Net ecosystem exchange over heterogeneous Arctic tundra: Scaling between chamber and eddy covariance measurements

Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) was estimated for an area of tundra near Abisko using both eddy covariance (EC) data and chamber measurements. This area of tundra is heterogeneous with six principal elements forming a landscape mosaic. Chamber measurements in patches of the individual mosaic elements were used to model NEE as a function of irradiance and temperature. The area around the EC mast was mapped, and a footprint model was used to simulate the varying source fraction attributable to each mosaic element. Various upscaling approaches were used to estimate NEE for comparison with NEE calculated from the EC observations. The results showed that EC measurements made for such a heterogeneous site are robust to the variations in NEE between mosaic elements that also vary substantially in their source fractions. However, they also revealed a large (∼60%) bias in the absolute magnitude of the cumulative negative NEE for a 40‐day study period simulated by various upscaling approaches when compared to the value calculated from the EC observations. The magnitude of this bias, if applied to estimates for the entire tundra region, is substantial in relation to other components of the global carbon budget. Various hypotheses to account for this bias are discussed and, where possible, evaluated. A need is identified for more systematic sampling strategies when performing chamber measurements in order to assess the extent to which subjectivity of chamber location may account for much of the observed bias. If this is the origin of the bias, then upscaling approaches using chamber measurements may generally overestimate CO2 uptake.
Naive Bayes Classifier for Dynamic Chaining Approach in Multi-label Learning

In this paper, we addressed an issue of building dynamic classifier chain ensembles for multi-label classification. We built a classifier that allows us to change label order of the chain without rebuilding the entire model. Such a model allows anticipating the instance-specific chain order without a significant increase in computational burden. The proposed chain model is built using the Naive Bayes classifier as a base single-label classifier. Additionally, we proposed a simple heuristic that allows the system to find relatively good label order. That is, the heuristic tries to minimise the phenomenon of error propagation in the chain. The experimental results showed that the proposed model based on Naive Bayes classifier the above-mentioned heuristic is an efficient tool for building dynamic chain classifiers.
Using system dynamics in a discrete‐event simulation study of a manufacturing plant

Purpose – To provide an example of the use of system dynamics within the context of a discrete‐event simulation study.Design/methodology/approach – A discrete‐event simulation study of a production‐planning facility in a gas cylinder‐manufacturing plant is presented. The case study evidence incorporates questionnaire responses from sales managers involved in the order‐scheduling process.Findings – As the project progressed it became clear that, although the discrete‐event simulation would meet the objectives of the study in a technical sense, the organizational problem of “delivery performance” would not be solved by the discrete‐event simulation study alone. The case shows how the qualitative outcomes of the discrete‐event simulation study led to an analysis using the system dynamics technique. The system dynamics technique was able to model the decision‐makers in the sales and production process and provide a deeper understanding of the performance of the system.Research limitations/implications – The c.
Particle Number, Size and Mass Emissions of Different Biodiesel Blends Versus ULSD from a Small Displacement Automotive Diesel Engine

Introduction In order to ensure that emissions of ultrafine PM (0.1 μm and below) are controlled, a number based approach to PM emissions has been introduced, in addition to the actual mass based approach, in the Euro 5b/Euro 6 legislation [1]. The number and size distribution of a diesel engine are affected by the fuel characteristics[2]. European Directive 2009/28/EC depicts a new scenario concerning the share of energy from renewable sources in transport which will lead to the introduction of a share target, which should be achieved, by the European Union (EU) member states, by 2020 of 10% of the final energy consumption [3] A new generation of biodiesels is currently being explored in Asian countries. Despite the growing interest in biodiesel emissions, which is reflected by the large number of investigations and researches reported in literature, few studies have been carried out on last generation Euro 5 automotive engines [4]. An extension of the investigations to modern engines and aftertreatment systems, seems to be necessary to fully understand the effects of biodiesel usage and to avoid jeopardizing its potential emission benefits. The aim of this research is therefore to characterize the effects of two different biodiesels, sourced from rapeseed oil (RME) and jatropha oil (JME), and blended with ULSD, on both number and mass based particulate matter emissions, at the engine outlet of a modern, small displacement, common-rail, Euro 5 automotive diesel engine, for different engine operating conditions.
Optimal Layout for Wind Turbine Farms

A general discrete model was formulated for the expected Net Present Value (NPV) of the profit and for the expected yield of the investment (Internal Rate of Return IRR) to be derived from rectangular grid shaped wind-turbine farms. The model considers the wind shade in the downwind direction and the effect of the wake behind the turbine, the joint wind-direction wind-velocity probability distribution, as well as the various relevant cost and revenue factors. It was assumed that the wind-turbines are identical and of equal heights, and are spaced equally along the axes of the rectangle, but not necessarily at the same equal distance at both axes. Using the model, the optimal layout that maximizes the expected NPV and/or IRR was derived numerically for a given data set, in stages, determining the optimal number of turbines in a r ow and the associated optimal distance in-between them, and also the optimal number of turbines in a column and the optimal distance inbetween them. Sensitivity analysis has shown that minor changes in the parameters do not affect the selection of the optimal layout.
A simple measurement of the pH of root apoplast by the fluorescence ratio method

We present a simple procedure for measuring the pH in the apoplast of the rice root, using the fluorescent ratio method and Oregon Green 488 (OG). Staining with 5 μM OG for 3 min followed by 5-min washing with calcium solution was an effective method for measuring the pH of the apoplast at the root surface. In order to prevent the diffusion of OG from the apoplast, the circulation of a low concentration of OG (0.02 μM) in a root vessel was found to be a useful modality. However, aluminum ion disturbed pH measure-ment. In the presence of 50 μM AlCl3, the pH value was inaccurate at the pH rage higher than pH 5.0.