Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Excess soil water impact on colonization and extraradical mycelium biomass production of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soybean field.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: matsu@plant.osakafu-u.ac. jp Tel/Fax: +81-72-254-9521 In Japan, soybean plants at early growth stage, mainly cultivated in upland fields converted from paddy, are often stressed by excess soil water. Although, symbiotic relationships between soybean and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a crucial role in increasing nutrient uptake, few studies have considered the occurrence and roles of AM fungi in soybean under these conditions. In the present study, we established different soil water plots (control plot and wet plot), and assessed the effect of excess soil water during early growth stage of soybean on AM colonization, AM extraradical mycelium (ERM) biomass production and soybean growth in an upland field converted from paddy through two years field experiment. Our results showed that the excess water treatment negatively affected soybean growth (P < 0.05), and reduced AM colonization (P < 0.05). The ERM biomass at vegetative stage of soybean in wet plot was much lower (P < 0.05) compared with that in control plots in both years. However, the ERM biomass in wet plot recovered similar to that in control plots at the reproductive stage of soybean. These results indicate that the production and spread of ERM are severely suppressed by excess water conditions. It may be pointed out that one of the reasons for the growth inhibition of soybean cultivated in upland fields converted from paddy is the negative effects on the AM symbiotic relationship by excess soil water.
Conserved Ark1-related kinases function in a TORC2 signaling network

In all orders of life, cell cycle progression in proliferating cells is dependent on cell growth, and the extent of growth required for cell cycle progression is proportional to growth rate. Thus, cells growing rapidly in rich nutrients are substantially larger than slow-growing cells. In budding yeast, a conserved signaling network surrounding Tor complex 2 (target of rapamycin complex 2; TORC2) controls growth rate and cell size in response to nutrient availability. Here, a search for new components of the TORC2 network identified a pair of redundant kinase paralogues called Ark1 and Prk1. Previous studies found that Ark/Prk play roles in endocytosis. Here, we show that Ark/Prk are embedded in the TORC2 network, where they appear to influence TORC2 signaling independently of their roles in endocytosis. We also show that reduced endocytosis leads to increased cell size, which suggests that cell size homeostasis requires coordinated control of plasma membrane growth and endocytosis. The discovery that Ark/Prk are embedded in the TORC2 network suggests a model in which TORC2-dependent signals control both plasma membrane growth and endocytosis, which would ensure that the rates of each process are matched to each other and to the availability of nutrients so that cells achieve and maintain an appropriate size.
Design of 4 bit CSLA Using Domino Logic

- Domino logic is standard logic better than the static logic when comparing developed to speed up the circuits using precharge and evaluation phase. It is used for high performance reduction of power consumption and leakage current and delay. In this design we use two techniques for developing the XNOR logic. Basically XNOR logic is the fundamental unit. Actually it needs one original signal and the inverted signal for developing the logic . the inverted signal increased the power consumption and area and performance But in the design of domino based XNOR gate we use the parameters are reduced. Here in designing of XNOR logic we use two techniques standard n type and the LTV technique . Actually in the n type technique we use will increases the speed and also the power consumption In the design standard p type all p type transistors are used which will decreases the speed and the power consumption. The main disadvantage of n standard type is using of extra inverter in inputs which will overcome in ltv technique by using the mixed n type and p type transistors . By using the n type we can increase the speed and by p type we can decrease the power consumption. but comparing to the standard speed will be less in LTV technique by using the p type transistors we reduce the leakage currents which will arises when the technology will be reduced. CSLA design can be done by using the domino logic based XNOR gate which will be having the low power requirements comparing to the normal CSLA and the number of transistors required will also be less in domino based CSLA i.e area is reduced [1]
Pembrolizumab and Radiotherapy for Platinum-refractory Recurrent Uterine Carcinosarcoma With an Abscopal Effect: A Case Report

Background: Immune responses due to radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors potentially have synergistic effects. Case Report: Here, we report a 65-year-old Japanese woman presenting with high-grade endometrial cancer. She was diagnosed with carcinosarcoma, stage IB. A month post-surgery, lung, and mediastinal lymph node metastasis/recurrence was detected. Progressive disease (with high microsatellite instability) with local recurrence and bone metastasis was detected after six chemotherapy cycles with paclitaxel and carboplatin. After combination therapy with pembrolizumab (2 mg/kg, tri-weekly, 10 cycles) and pelvic radiotherapy (30 Gy/10 fractions), enhanced computed tomography revealed a complete response. The patient survived for 14 months with the residual tumour post-relapse. This is the first case of a complete response of recurrent endometrial carcinosarcoma upon combinatorial pembrolizumab and radiotherapy. Conclusion: Combinatorial immune checkpoint inhibitors and local radiotherapy cause the abscopal effect and may be a promising treatment strategy for advanced or recurrent carcinosarcomas refractory to traditional chemotherapy.
The Association Between Extracellular Water-to-Total Body Water Ratio and Therapeutic Durability for Advanced Lung Cancer

Background/Aim: Extracellular water-to-total body water ratio (ECW/TBW) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) reportedly predicts clinical outcomes of various diseases. The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the association between ECW/TBW and therapeutic durability of chemotherapy and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced lung cancer. Patients and Methods: Patients with advanced lung cancer underwent BIA before chemotherapy and/or treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors at our hospital between June 2018 and November 2019. Results: Of 75 patients, 18 with ECW/TBW ≥0.4 were assigned to the overhydrated group (OH-G) and 57 patients ECW/TBW <0.4 were assigned to the non-overhydrated group (NOH-G). The median time-to-treatment failure was significantly shorter in the OH-G than in the NOH-G (p=0.003). Multivariate analysis revealed that ECW/TBW ≥0.4 predicted treatment failure [hazard ratio (HR)=2.508, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.19-5.27; p=0.01]. Conclusion: The ECW/TBW may be an objective parameter for predicting therapeutic durability in advanced lung cancer.
Emerging Immunotherapies for Malignant Glioma: From Immunogenomics to Cell Therapy.

As immunotherapy assumes a central role in the management of many cancers, ongoing work is directed at understanding whether immune-based treatments will be successful in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Despite several large studies conducted in the last several years, there remain no FDA approved immunotherapies in this patient population. Nevertheless, there are a range of exciting new approaches being applied to GBM, all of which may not only allow us to develop new treatments but also help us understand fundamental features of the immune response in the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize new developments in the application of immune checkpoint blockade, from biomarker-driven patient selection to the timing of treatment. Moreover, we summarize novel work in personalized immune-oncology be reviewing work in cancer immunogenomics-drive neoantigen vaccine studies. Finally, we discuss cell therapy efforts by reviewing the current state of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy.
High-resolution electrohydrodynamic bioprinting: a new biofabrication strategy for biomimetic micro/nanoscale architectures and living tissue constructs

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing is a newly emerging additive manufacturing strategy for the controlled fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) micro/nanoscale architectures. This unique superiority makes it particularly suitable for the biofabrication of artificial tissue analogs with biomimetic structural organizations similar to the scales of native extracellular matrix (ECM) or living cells, which shows great potentials to precisely regulate cellular behaviors and tissue regeneration. Here the state-of-the-art advancements of high-resolution EHD bioprinting were reviewed mainly including melt-based and solution-based processes for the fabrication of micro/nanoscale fibrous scaffolds and living tissues constructs. The related printing materials, innovations on structure design and printing processes, functionalization of the resultant architectures as well as their effects on the mechanical and biological properties of the EHD-printed structures were introduced and analyzed. The recent explorations on the EHD cell printing for high-resolution cell-laden microgel patterning and 3D construct fabrication were highlighted. The major challenges as well as possible solutions to translate EHD bioprinting into a mature and prevalent biofabrication strategy were finally discussed.
Navigation mechanisms of herring during feeding migration: the role of ecological gradients on an oceanic scale

Abstract The feeding migration of Norwegian spring-spawning herring was studied in relation to prey abundance and environmental factors that may affect their feeding migration. Temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a, nitrate concentration, abundance of Calanus finmarchicus, zooplankton biomass, acoustic data on herring and trawl samples were collected during four basin-scale surveys in the Norwegian Sea from April to August 1995. Herring abundance was positively associated with the overwintering population of C. finmarchicus. We suggest that spatial gradients and temporal dynamics of the seasonal ascent of the C. finmarchicus overwintering generation provide stimuli for and affect the feeding migration of herring. The clockwise migration pattern of herring, observed during the 1990s, can be explained by delayed ascent and development of C. finmarchicus toward the west and north in the Norwegian Sea. We further suggest that herring leave a specific area before their zooplankton prey is depleted. The first generation of C. finmarchicus likely has a minor influence in directing the herring feeding migration due to the low abundance of older stages available as prey. The feeding migration was constantly directed toward colder water, and temperature probably has a secondary effect on herring distribution.
DOES PREDATION ON NEONATES INHERENTLY SELECT FOR EARLIER BIRTHS?

Abstract I hypothesize that predation on newborn young represents a seasonal analog to time-lagged predator–prey cycles and can cause directional selection against late birthing. Newborn offspring represent an irruption of vulnerable prey to which predators can respond by adapting their search efforts to find and capture these prey. Those born early would be the 1st to achieve the size or mobility necessary to escape predators. Simple models of predation on moose calves were used to demonstrate how changes in predator efficiency as newborns appear, combined with a short period of offspring vulnerability, would produce selection against late birthing. Of the 9 published studies of mammals, 6 showed evidence of selection against late-born young that could be driven by predation on neonates. If true, this hypothesis has consequences for the way we interpret evidence for “predator swamping” and optimal birthing periods in mammals and other taxa with synchronous reproduction.
Automated Lesion Segmentation in Whole-Body FDG-PET/CT with Multi-modality Deep Neural Networks

Recent progress in automated PET/CT lesion segmentation using deep learning methods has demonstrated the feasibility of this task. However, tumor lesion detection and segmentation in whole-body PET/CT is still a chal-lenging task. To promote research on machine learning-based automated tumor lesion segmentation on whole-body FDG-PET/CT data, Automated Lesion Segmentation in Whole-Body FDG-PET/CT (autoPET) challenge is held, and a large, publicly available training dataset is provided. In this report, we present our solution to the autoPET challenge. We employ multi-modal residual U-Net with deep super vision. The experimental results for five preliminary test cases show that Dice score is 0.79 +/- 0.21.
Is pre-commercial thinning compatible with carbon sequestration? A case study in a maritime pine stand in northwestern Spain

Fire is one of the greatest potential risks to loss of stored terrestrial C (Kashian et al., 2006; van der Werf et al., 2006; Wiedinmyer and Neff, 2007) and is a loss pathway that is difficult to quantify because of the high degree of spatial and temporal variation in fire emissions (Wiedinmyer and Neff, 2007). Pulsed emissions of CO2 during fires are assumed to be partly counterbalanced via the uptake of CO2 by regrowing vegetation in the decades following fire (Wiedinmyer and Neff, 2007). In forests of the Iberian Peninsula, where wildfire is a major and frequent perturbation, the post-fire recovery rate may be important in regional scale carbon storage because carbon lost in stand-replacing fires is often a significant component of regional carbon budgets (Kashian et al., 2006; Wiedinmyer and Neff, 2007). Short-term effects of fire will be important for the carbon balance in this century because the expected higher fire frequency (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, 2005; Vega et al., 2009) will release large amounts of carbon through combustion, and increase the forested area with negative net ecosystem production (Litton et al., 2004; Kashian et al., 2006; van der Werf et al., 2006; Wiedinmyer and Neff, 2007). Moreover, depending on the forest type, the area burned by a stand-replacing fire may not recover its pre-fire C stock for decades (Wirth et al., 2002). In postfire regenerated stands, thinning and shrub removal may have a significant impact on the magnitude of net carbon fluxes, with conversion of the ecosystem from a sink to a source of CO2 in the short term (Misson et al., 2005; Hurteau et al., 2008; Hurteau and North, 2009). In this context, it is important to quantify the effects of thinning of heavily stocked fire-origin stands on carbon accumulation in trees. Available information on this topic is still Is pre-commercial thinning compatible with carbon sequestration? A case study in a maritime pine stand in northwestern Spain
Zoobenthos are minor dietary components of small omnivorous fishes in a shallow eutrophic lake

We examined whether small omnivorous fishes (smaller than ~100mm long) integrate littoral, pelagic and benthic pathways in a shallow, eutrophic lake (Lake Izunuma, Japan). The surface of the lake was covered by a dense vegetation of floating-leaved macrophytes, and small species dominated the icthyofauna. We determined the δ13C and δ15N ratios of five dominant species of small omnivorous fishes. Using a stable isotope analysis in the R mixing model, we determined the possible contribution of three potential food sources (epiphytic algae, zooplankton and zoobenthos (larval chironomids)) to omnivorous fish tissue compositions. Four omnivorous fishes (Gnathopogon elongatus elongatus, Pseudorasbora parva, Biwia zezera and Tridentiger obscurus) subsisted largely on epiphytic algae and zooplankton, whereas zoobenthos contributed little to their diets. Acheilognathus rhombeus subsisted mostly on epiphytic algae. Thus, in this shallow, eutrophic lake, omnivorous fishes incorporated both littoral and pelagic production into the food web, but rarely benthic production. The dominant benthic chironomid larvae often burrow several centimetres into the sediment, and the low dietary contribution of zoobenthos to small fishes may be due to inefficiency at foraging on buried benthos associated with fish body size.
Serum Adiponectin and Progranulin Level in Patients with Benign Thyroid Nodule or Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Background Obesity is associated with thyroid cancer risk. Adiponectin has insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects, while progranulin is associated with inflammation and tumorigenesis. We investigated serum adiponectin and progranulin levels in patients with benign thyroid nodule (benign group) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC; PTC group). The associations between these levels and the clinicopathological features of PTC were evaluated. Methods We included 157 patients who underwent thyroid surgery (17% of benign and 83% of PTC group). Clinicopathological features including size, lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), multifocality, American Thyroid Association risk stratification were evaluated. Results The age was 42.0 years, and 69% were female. Serum adiponectin and progranulin levels were 6.3 μg/mL and 101.5 ng/mL in the benign group and 5.4 μg/mL and 106.1 ng/mL in the PTC group, respectively (P=0.6 and P=0.4, respectively). Serum adiponectin levels showed no significant differences according to clinicopathological features of PTC. The proportions of patients with primary tumor size >1 cm were 3%, 5%, 8%, and 8% according to serum progranulin level quartiles, respectively (P=0.03). The proportions of patients with microscopic/gross ETE were 8%/0%, 9%/1%, 11%/1%, and 11%/2% according to serum progranulin level quartiles, respectively. Median serum progranulin level was significantly higher in patients with PTC >1 cm than in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (P=0.04, 115.3 ng/mL and 104.7 ng/mL, respectively). Conclusion Serum adiponectin and progranulin levels showed no significant difference between benign and PTC groups. Increased serum progranulin levels were significantly associated with PTC >1 cm and microscopic and gross ETE.
DyVEDeep

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have advanced the state-of-the-art in a variety of machine learning tasks and are deployed in increasing numbers of products and services. However, the computational requirements of training and evaluating large-scale DNNs are growing at a much faster pace than the capabilities of the underlying hardware platforms that they are executed upon. To address this challenge, one promising approach is to exploit the error resilient nature of DNNs by skipping or approximating computations that have negligible impact on classification accuracy. Almost all prior efforts in this direction propose static DNN approximations by either pruning network connections, implementing computations at lower precision, or compressing weights. In this work, we propose Dynamic Variable Effort Deep Neural Networks (DyVEDeep) to reduce the computational requirements of DNNs during inference. Complementary to the aforementioned static approaches, DyVEDeep is a dynamic approach that exploits heterogeneity in the DNN inputs to improve their compute efficiency with comparable classification accuracy and without requiring any re-training. DyVEDeep equips DNNs with dynamic effort mechanisms that identify computations critical to classifying a given input and focus computational effort only on the critical computations, while skipping or approximating the rest. We propose three dynamic effort mechanisms that operate at different levels of granularity viz. neuron, feature, and layer levels. We build DyVEDeep versions of six popular image recognition benchmarks (CIFAR-10, AlexNet, OverFeat, VGG-16, SqueezeNet, and Deep-Compressed-AlexNet) within the Caffe deep-learning framework. We evaluate DyVEDeep on two platforms—a high-performance server with a 2.7 GHz Intel Xeon E5-2680 processor and 128 GB memory, and a low-power Raspberry Pi board with an ARM Cortex A53 processor and 1 GB memory. Across all benchmarks, DyVEDeep achieves 2.47×--5.15× reduction in the number of scalar operations, which translates to 1.94×--2.23× and 1.46×--3.46× performance improvement over well-optimized baselines on the Xeon server and the Raspberry Pi, respectively, with comparable classification accuracy.
Efficacy of triazole fungicides in controlling fruit rot of chilli.

Field experiments were conducted for three consecutive Kharif seasons of 2009, 2010 and 2011 at the experimental farm of Zonal Agricultural Research Station (Sub-montane Zone), Shenda Park, Kolhapur, to study the efficacy of five fungicides of triazole group viz., tebuconazole 25.9% EC, difenconazole 25% EC, hexaconazole 5% SC, tricyclazole 75% WP and propiconazole 25% EC against fruit rot disease of chilli caused by Colletotrichum capsici . Performance of these triazole fungicides was compared with mancozeb 75% WP, propineb 70% WP, copper oxychloride 50% WP and carbendazim 50 WP. Fungicide, tebuconazole appeared the most effective amongst the fungicides tested, with reduction in fruit rot incidence and intensity to the tune of 69.96% and 73.56%, respectively over unsprayed control, followed immediately with similar efficacy by other two triazoles viz., difenconazole and hexaconazole. Highest dry fruit yield of 25.91 q ha-1 was recorded in the plots sprayed with tebuconazole and was at par with that obtained in difenconazole, hexaconazole, tricyclazole, propineb and mancozeb sprayed plots. Although, the maximum increase in yield was obtained by spraying tebuconazole, the maximum benefit:cost ratio was obtained with hexaconazole. It means that tebuconazole though increases the yield, the cost of fungicide could not be yet met out with the increased yield. Conclusively, the present investigation reveals that four sprayings of fungicide, hexaconazole 5% SC at the concentration of 0.1%, first in the early fruiting stage and subsequent three sprays at 14 days' interval, are most effective and economical for controlling fruit rot disease of chilli under Maharashtra conditions.
Uptrend prevalence of varicella parallel with low serum antibodies and low second-dose rate among children 10-14 years old in Wenzhou, China

ABSTRACT In recent years, the incidence of varicella cases is rising, and outbreaks of varicella are frequently being reported worldwide. Our study aims to analyze the association between the varicella incidence and serum antibody level in the post-vaccine era. We retrieved and analyzed the incidence and prevalence data for children age 1–14 years in Wenzhou, China during 2010–2018. A cross-sectional seroepidemiology analysis was carried out in a series of 168 general healthy children age 1–14 years as well as children at a varicella outbreak in Wenzhou. Our data showed a significant surge in the incidence and prevalence of varicella in children aged 10–14 years in 2017 and 2018 while they were kept relatively stable in 2010–2016. The seroepidemiological analysis revealed a 7.3-fold significantly higher level of serum varicella IgG in healthy control students who exposed at the outbreak than that in general healthy children (median 523.5 vs. 71.7 mIU/mL, p < .01). The children 10–14 years old had the lowest rate of second-dose vaccination among the three age classes (7%, 41%, and 65% in 10–14, 5–9, and 2–4 age class, respectively), and children 5–9 years old who received the second dose had a higher level of serum protective IgG than those who did not (254.7 vs 98 mIU/mL, p = .06). The findings from the present study warn a two-dose vaccine schedule to reduce the climbing incidence and prevalence observed in the older children and suggest a higher serum IgG threshold for effective protection of children from the varicella outbreak.