Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF AMMONIATION OF HIGH MOISTURE BARLEY ON ITS IN SITU RUMEN DEGRADATION AND INFLUENCE ON RUMEN FERMENTATION IN DAIRY COWS

High-moisture barley (HMB) was ammoniated at levels of 0, 0.65, 1.30, and 1.95% of dry matter (DM) and stored in 6-t lots in large plastic silage bags. In situ rumen degradation rate of DM in HMB decreased with increased level of ammoniation, nitrogen component degradation was little influenced, and neutral detergent residue degradation increased. Three dairy cows with large rumen cannulae were fed totally mixed diets twice daily in five experimental periods. Diets contained 490 g kg−1 oat silage, 385 g kg−1 HMB, and 125 g kg−1 of a protein-mineral-vitamin supplement. Measurements were made from weeks 18 to 33 of lactation to determine effects of ammoniation of HMB on levels and patterns of feed intake, as well as parameters of rumen fermentation. Cows tended to eat diets more rapidly as ammoniation level of substituted HMB increased, although total DM intake was not influenced. Rate of decline of rumen pH, and accumulation of butyrate, post-feeding was less pronounced as level of ammoniation of substitut.
The use of prefilled adrenaline syringes improves cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality—high-fidelity simulator-based study

Background In some countries, adrenaline is available only in glass ampoules. However, simplification of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by introducing prefilled syringes may ensure more efficient CPR. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different forms of adrenaline on the CPR quality. Methods In a randomized cross-examination simulation study, 100 two-person paramedical teams took part in two 10-minute scenarios of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in a pulseless electrical activity mechanism (PEA). In the first scenario the set of medicines contained glass ampoules (group ST) with adrenaline, in the second prefilled syringes (group AMPS). The parameters of the CPR quality [correct number and depth of chest compressions (CC), no flow time, chest recoil, time to apply supraglottic airways device (SAD)] were compared. Results In group AMPS the first dose of adrenaline was administered after 114.2±28.3 seconds after the initiation of CPR whereas after 178.1±62.6 seconds in group ST (P<0.001). Chest compression fraction (CCF) was higher (81.8%±6.1%) in group AMPS than in group ST (71.2%±7.5%). Paramedics performed CC at better frequency, to a preferred depth and in an appropriate place in group AMPS. Faster decision to apply SAD (131.7±34.0 s in group AMPS and 220.3±81.5 s in group ST) ensured faster achievement of airway patency in this group (181.5±48.7 vs. 271.2±101.5 s). Conclusions Prefilled syringes with crucial drugs during CPR may significantly improve the quality of CPR performed by two-person teams.
COLOR STIMULATION IN ATTACHED APPLES WITH SUPPLEMENTARY LIGHT

Attached green apples of seven cultivars exposed to natural prevailing light within the tree canopy supplemented by irradiation for 48 h from cool white fluorescent lamps synthesized anthocyanin. The amount of anthocyanin synthesized was correlated with the added incident energy, except when the low temperatures necessary for anthocyanin synthesis in the cultivars McIntosh, Cortland and Northern Spy did not occur. The minimum energy requirement for anthocyanin synthesis varied considerably with cultivar and changed during the season. The anthocyanin content of fruits at harvest was correlated with their potential to produce anthocyanin during the growing season.
Discrimination of pores and cracks in iron ore pellets using deep learning neural networks

The discrimination between pores and cracks is an important step in the microstructural analysis of iron ore pellets. While the porosity is fundamental during the reduction process in blast furnaces, cracks are strongly detrimental to the mechanical strength. The usual image processing tools cannot automatically discriminate between these two types of features, especially in 3D images obtained, for instance, with xray microtomography (microCT). As pores and cracks have essentially the same xray absorbance, they cannot be discriminated by a simple intensity threshold. Given the complex shapes in 3D and the presence of many connections between pores and cracks, shape discrimination is not successful either. Thus, this article proposes the use of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) to discriminate between these 2 classes of discontinuities. The well-known U-NET architecture was employed. The network was trained by manually outlining representative objects of the 2 classes in a few layers of the 3D image. After optimization of the training parameters, the network was applied to the full image, successfully discriminating between pores and cracks. The trained network was then applied to the images of different pellets with good results. However, some residual errors are present. These characteristics are analyzed and possible solutions are proposed.
The impact of a virtual reality app on adolescent EFL learners’ vocabulary learning

Abstract VR technology allows learners to access simulated, immersive and interactive virtual environments to perform authentic learning activities. In particular, VR has emerged as a valuable tool for L2 learning. However, VR research has tended to pay more attention to desktop-based VR than to VR via mobile-rendered HMDs, leaving the potentials of VR through mobile-rendered HMDs yet to be investigated. Therefore, this study fills the gap by using a commercial VR app to examine the effect of VR via mobile-rendered HMDs on EFL learners’ vocabulary learning. Forty-nine seventh graders in Taiwan were recruited from two intact classes and assigned to either an experimental (VR players) or control (video watchers) group. The VR players interacted with Mondly VR app using mobile-rendered HMDs and took part in conversations with virtual characters. The video watchers watched the walkthrough video signal of the VR player’s app via a personal computer. Vocabulary tests, a perception questionnaire, and interviews were used to evaluate the participants’ vocabulary learning. The results showed that the VR players’ vocabulary learning and retention was significantly higher than the video watchers’. The majority of the VR players felt that VR-mediated vocabulary learning was motivating and beneficial. The VR app contextualized vocabulary learning by providing virtual environments with multimodal support and enhanced learner engagement through real-time interactivity and feedback. The video watchers’ feedback revealed mixed feelings. Some felt that the walkthrough video facilitated vocabulary learning by providing word meaning and use in context. Others reported it lacked interactivity and their attention was easily distracted.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Consumption: Learning from High Frequency Transaction Data

We use daily transaction data in 214 cities to study the impact of COVID-19 on consumption after China's outbreak in late January 2020. Based on difference-in-difference estimation, daily offline consumption--via bank card and mobile Quick Response code transactions--fell by 32 percent, or 18.57 million renminbi (RMB) per city, during the 12-week period. The effect is prevalent across cities and is more pronounced in the dining-and-entertainment and travel categories. We infer that China's offline consumption decreased by over 1.22 trillion RMB, or 1.2 percent of China's 2019 GDP, in the 3-month postoutbreak period.
The prevalence and intensity of tick infestation in passerines from South Australia

Abstract Ticks are a major vector of disease, so understanding their distribution, geographically and across hosts, is important for the study of evolutionary ecology. Numerous passerine species worldwide are infested with ticks, and both prevalence and intensity of ticks vary across host species. In bird studies, foraging height is commonly thought to explain the difference in prevalence and intensity of ticks, with ground-foraging birds having a greater chance of encountering a tick. In this study, we used phylogenetically independent contrasts to examine the prevalence and intensity of ticks on passerines in South Australia and the role of abundance, body size and host foraging height for differences in prevalence and intensity of ticks. We examined 1262 birds for ticks between April 2004 and December 2006 at five sites across South Australia. All the ticks we collected were immature life-stages of Ixodes hirsti. Of the mist-netted birds, 347 (27.5%) individuals were infested with an average of 2.8 ticks. Both prevalence and intensity of ticks varied significantly between host species. We found that body size was significantly correlated with tick prevalence, with larger hosts having higher tick prevalence. Abundance and mean foraging height did not explain the variance in prevalence or intensity of ticks.
Fetal Exposure to the Synthetic‐Progesterone Levonorgestrel (LNG) targets the brain resulting in hyperactive behavior using the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model

Anxiety‐related disorders are a rising health concern in adolescent and young adults. Evidence suggests that disrupting normal neuronal development (neurogenesis) in the fetal brain could play a role in the manifestation of mental health disorders later in life. Growing literature suggests a role in hormone receptor (HR)‐regulated brain development, particularly in the hypothalamus, the neuroendocrine section of the brain and part of the limbic center. Yet, this link has not been thoroughly investigated. Levonorgestrel (LNG), a synthetic steroid used in contraceptive pills in adults, may also pose a threat to the developing brain by targeting HRs. Furthermore, this endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) has been found at physiologically relevant levels in potable water sources worldwide providing an alternative route of exposure for unknowing individuals. Therefore, we investigated the effects embryonic exposure to LNG had on neurogenesis and hyperactivity using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as neurobiological model. First, computational modeling using Quantitative structure‐activity relationships (QSAR), determined the predicted bioavailability, physiological half‐life and overall potential efficacy of LNG as a neuroendocrine disruptor. Next, Zebrafish were bred and fertilized embryos were collected and individually placed in 96‐well plates. Embryos were exposed to LNG levels (at doses ranging from 5–1000ng/L) or a vehicle control starting at 3 hours post fertilization (hpf) to 5 days pf (dpf), the time encompassing neurogenesis. There were no observable differences in fertilization ratios, hatching or morphology between LNG treated groups and vehicle controls. On 5 dpf, all treated and controls were assayed for changes in locomotor activity (i.e. hyperactivity busts). Larval movement were analyzed using computational locomotor activity software. Interestingly, the 5ng dose of LNG significantly (p<0.05) increased hyperactive behavior compared to vehicle controls. HR expression and neuronal marker α‐HuC were used to document neurogenesis. Our data suggests that the observed LNG‐induced hyperactivity represents anxiety‐like behavior as a manifestation of aberrant neurogenesis. This is the first study to show that exposure to low environmentally relevant levels of LNG causes hyperactivity and thus, potentially alters HR regulated neuronal development increasing the risk of other mental issues later in life.
Real-time Online Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearings Based on KNN Algorithm

In order to realize the predictive maintenance of rolling bearings in industry, this paper proposes a real-time online fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings based on KNN algorithm. The method mainly includes two steps: fault diagnosis model training and real-time online fault diagnosis. Firstly, the vibration signal is preprocessed: data classification, data cleaning, data segmentation and feature parameter extraction, and then training and optimizing the fault diagnosis model. In the real-time online fault diagnosis part of the rolling bearing, the real-time online extraction of the characteristic parameters of the vibration signal is used to realize real-time online fault diagnosis through the fault diagnosis model. The results show that the fault diagnosis model based on KNN algorithm is better than the fault diagnosis model based on C4.5 algorithm and CART algorithm, which is more suitable for fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. Using this method to diagnose rolling bearings can help predictive maintenance before rolling bearing failures and reduce the economic losses caused by unplanned downtime of critical equipment.
DEFENSE DES CULTURES Une nouvelle race de Plasmopara halstedii, agent du mildiou du tournesol

Depuis l’apparition des races 710 et 703 de Plasmopara halstedii, la prospection systematique realisee sur la culture de tournesol a permis de deceler en 1995 la presence de deux nouvelles races, 300 et 700, et celle de souches resistantes au metalaxyl. Ces decouvertes n’ont pas remis en cause les programmes de lutte par l’utilisation de varietes resistantes car celles-ci sont egalement resistantes a ces races et a ces souches.
A Theoretical Formulation of the Hammett Equation

the rates of over two hundred reactions with the structure of the reactants. The equation as it stands now is applicable only to reactions of aromatic compounds and their derivatives. The Hammett equation is usually written, k 0, k p iog,'-- = po" k0 is the specific reaction rate constant for a given reaction with an unsubstituted reactant, k is the rate constant of the reaction using a substituted reactant, p is a constant determined by the reaction, and
Pyruvic Acid Production by Lipoic Acid Auxotrophs of Enterobacter aerogenes

The pyruvic acid productivities of thiamine or lipoic acid auxotrophs derived from α-ketoglutaric acid-producing Enterobacter aerogenes SM-18 were determined using a washed cell reaction system. As a result, mutants showing high pyruvic acid productivities were more frequently found among lipoic acid auxotrophs, and one of them, strain l-12, was selected as the best producer. When this strain was shake-cultured in a medium containing 2 % glucose for 3 days, both pyruvic and α-ketoglutaric acids were produced in amounts of 4.7 and 1.6 g/1, respectively, with the limited lipoic acid concentration of 0.5 μg/l, whereas only α-ketoglutaric acid was accumulated, in a yield of 5.5 g/1, with the sufficient vitamin concentration of 50 μg/1. The pyruvic acid production was confirmed to be due to a decrease in the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex caused by the lipoic acid deficiency.
Impact of a Web-Based Review Quiz on the Learning Outcomes of Dental Hygiene Students in Japan

Active participation of students is paramount not only for their learning experiences but also for their academic performance. Therefore, various methods have been developed and proven to help students achieve active learning. However, several shortcomings in these methods have been indicated as increasing students’ sense of burden and discomfort, eventually preventing them from benefiting sufficiently. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of a low-load web-based review quiz built by the researchers on Google Forms to enhance students’ reviewing habits and active class participation. Participants in this study were 53 first-year dental hygiene students in a 10-class microbiology course. After each class, all students were given the web-based quiz to prepare for a paper-based review test, which assessed the learning of the content covered in the previous classes. We analyzed the correlations between frequency of participation in the web-based quiz and the average scores of the weekly review tests or the final examination scores. Consequently, voluntary participation in the web-based quiz positively correlated with both short-term and long-term students’ learning outcomes. Through this web-based quiz during the first year of the dental hygiene program, students can develop the “self-learning attitude” needed to pass the national examination.
Target part detection based on improved SSD algorithm

Aiming at the problem that the traditional target detection algorithm cannot balance the target detection accuracy and real-time detection, and the detection effect is poor under the actual complex production conditions. A deep learning detection method based on Inception-SSD framework is proposed. The Inception-SSD, which integrates the Inception prediction structure, introduces the Inception block into the extra layer of the SSD network. Then it uses batch normalization (BN) and residual structure connection to capture more target information without increasing the complexity of the network. It will improve its accuracy without affecting its real-time detection. The result of the experiment show that the detection accuracy of this model is 97.8% in the actual production process, which is largely improved comparing with the original SSD algorithm. The detection time is 48ms, which improves the detection accuracy and ensures the real-time performance. It can meet the detection requirements of parts in actual production.
Effects of air-perfused rucksack on physiological and perceptual strain during low-intensity exercise in a hot environment

ABSTRACT The upcoming Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games may be held amid extremely high wet-bulb globe temperature conditions. Many studies have focused on countermeasures to prevent the reduction in exercise performance in the heat. However, cooling strategies for managing heat stress of staff and spectators remain poorly understood. The present study investigated the effects of a lightweight fan cooling device, namely a commercially available air-perfused rucksack, on physiological and perceptual responses during low-intensity exercise in a hot environment. Ten males walked (5.5 km/h, 2.0% gradient) for 60 min in hot conditions (35°C, 50% relative humidity). All participants performed two trials with and without the air-perfused rucksack, respectively. Air was blown onto the upper back and neck via two fans attached on either side of the rucksack. Rectal temperature, neck skin temperature, heart rate, and physiological strain index were significantly lower during walking (P < 0.05) with the rucksack. Additionally, the ratings of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and thermal comfort were significantly lower (P < 0.05) with the rucksack. These data suggest that the air-perfused rucksack may be effective for managing heat stress of staff and spectators at the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games. Abbreviations CON: control trial; ES: effect sizes; FAN: fan cooling trial; HR: heart rate; mTsk: mean skin temperature; pre: pre-exercise; PSI: physiological strain index; RPE: rating of perceived exertion; SD: standard deviation; TC: thermal comfort; Tneck: neck skin temperature; Tre: rectal temperature; TS: thermal sensation
Image description by harmonic Fourier moment

In this paper, Two kinks of orthogonal moments are constructed with Trigonometric functions, named Harmonic-Fourier moments (HFMs), which include Cosine-Fourier moments (CFMs) and Sine-Fourier moments (SFMs). These kinds of moments can be used in image and object analysis. The radial functions of HFMs have more zeros than Zernike polynomials of the same degree so that the property makes HFMs have stronger ability in image description. Furthermore, the formulas of HFMs are extremely simple. This property makes it possible that HFMs can be computed at a higher speed.
Demand Side Management: Optimal Demand Response in Distribution Networks With Several Energy Retail Companies

In this work, a social welfare maximization problem is solved to determine the optimal scheduling of end-user controllable loads, smart appliances, and energy storage. The framework considers multiple retail energy suppliers as well as the AC power flow constraints of the distribution system. The demand side management program is focus on residential and commercial end-users. We have formulated a day-ahead residential bidding/buyback scheme modeled as an optimal power flow problem. This demand side program schedules end-user’s controllable loads or smart appliances and takes advantage of the flexibility of an energy storage system. The demand side management scheme minimizes retail company’s operating costs in the wholesale market, and it also considers distribution network constraints, assuring the appropriate quality of service. We have used a dual decomposition method to decouple some constraints while maximizing social welfare. We have also introduced a demand response call event with the main objective to take into consideration the system operational constraints. Through the coordination via local marginal prices, we have obtained a decentralized and distributed bidding/buyback scheme proposing a demand side management program that preserves the integrity of the private information of the different participants.
Integrin‐linked kinase is an essential mediator for T‐cadherin‐dependent signaling via Akt and GSK3β in endothelial cells

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored T‐cadherin (T‐cad) influences several parameters of angio‐genesis including endothelial cell (EC) differentiation, migration, proliferation, and survival. This presupposes signal transduction networking via mediatory regulators and molecular adaptors since T‐cad lacks transmembrane and cytosolic domains. Here, using pharmacological inhibition of PI3K, adenoviral‐mediated T‐cad‐overexpression, siRNA‐mediated T‐cad‐depletion, and agonistic antibody‐mediated ligation, we demonstrate signaling by T‐cad through PI3K‐Akt‐GSK3β pathways in EC. T‐cad‐overexpressing EC exhibited increased levels and nuclear accumulation of active β‐catenin, which was transcriptionally active as shown by increased Lef/Tcf reporter activity and cyclin D1 levels. Cotransduction of EC with constitutively active GSK3β (S9A‐GSK3β) abrogated the stimulatory effects of T‐cad on active β‐catenin accumulation, proliferation, and survival. Integrin‐linked kinase (ILK), a membrane proximal upstream regulator of Akt and GSK3β, was considered a candidate signaling mediator for T‐cad. T‐cad was present in anti‐ILK immunopre‐cipitates, and confocal microscopy revealed colocal‐ization of T‐cad and ILK within lamellipodia of migrating cells. ILK‐siRNA abolished T‐cad‐dependent effects on Ser‐473Akt/Ser‐9GSK3β phosphorylation, active β‐catenin accumulation, and survival. We conclude ILK is an essential mediator for T‐cad signaling via Akt and GSK3β in EC. This is the first demonstration that ILK can regulate inward signaling by GPI‐anchored proteins. Furthermore, ILK‐GSK3β‐dependent modulation of active β ‐catenin levels by GPI‐anchored T‐cad represents a novel mechanism for controlling cellular β‐catenin activity. —Joshi, M. B. , Ivanov, D. , Philippova, M. , Erne, P., Resink, T. J. Integrin‐linked kinase is an essential mediator for T‐cadherin‐dependent signaling via Akt and GSK3β in endothelial cells. FASEB J. 21, 3083–3095 (2007)
Three new species of the Eigenmannia trilineata species group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from northwestern South America

Eigenmannia is one of the more taxonomically complex genera within the Gymnotiformes. Here we adopt an integrative taxonomic approach, combining osteology, COI gene sequences, and geometric morphometrics to describe three new species belonging to the E. trilineata species group from Colombian trans-Andean region. These new species increase the number of species in the E. trilineata complex to 18 and the number of species in the genus to 25. The distribution range of the E. trilineata species group is expanded to include parts of northwestern South America and southern Central America.