Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DORSAL DISTRIBUTION OF HAIR ON THE PHALANGES OF HAND IN A SAMPLE OF MED C H A L TOWN

Mammals are hairy, but humans have shed most of it during evolution and became naked apes. Among humans men are supposed to be hairier than women. The hair pattern on the dorsal aspect of the hand is genetically and hormonally governed. This study has been conducted in Nigerians1 and Indian Tribes. In association with the importance of this feature 124 subjects (63 males and 61 females) between the ages of 20 and 40 years were randomly selected from Medchal town, R. R. Dist, Telangana. The dorsal surface of the hands and digits of subjects was physically inspected for hair distribution. Observations were recorded and subdivided into gender and phalangeal hair patterns. Relation between gender and patterns was assessed by Fisher’s exact test. Results show hair distribution patterns 1-2-3-4-5 (10%), 2-3-4-5 (54%), 2-3-4 (3%), 3-4-5 (16%), 34 (9%). One percent had no hair in there proximal phalanges. None of the females had hair on their middle phalanx. There was complete absence of hair on the distal phalanges. The pattern “3-4 “shows a significant female preponderance.
Prioritising test cases by collaborating artefacts of software development life cycle

: Test case prioritisation reorders test cases based on faulty module detection capability to detect maximum faults by minimum execution. Since 40% budget is allocated for software testing, prioritisation can reduce that budget by early fault detection. In software development life cycle (SDLC), faults are propagated to the connected phase and continuing until final release, because every phase depends on its previous phase’s outcomes. This motivation derived prioritisation approach by focusing collaboration of different SDLC phases named requirements, design and code. Since, each of the SDLC phase has its own impact on test case, unique priority constants are assigned to every phase, which are used for constructing final priorities. The proposed framework was experimented on different projects, and results have been compared to several prominent schemes considering individual phase of SDLC. On average, proposed collaborative approach performs 22.77% and 29.01% better than individually requirements and source code based prioritisation techniques respectively.
Complete chloroplast genome of Meconopsis integrifolia (Papaveraceae)

Abstract Meconopsis integrifolia (Maxim.) Franch is a traditional Tibetan medicinal material. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the complete chloroplast genome of M. integrifolia. The chloroplast genome is 152,714 bp in length, containing a pair of inverted repeated (IR) region of 25,627 bp that are separated by a large single copy (LSC) region of 83,706 bp, and a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,754 bp. Moreover, a total of 126 functional genes were annotated, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. In the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree, M. integrifolia clustered closely with three Papaver species.
An SGD-based meta-learner with “growing” descent

The paper considers the problem of accelerating the convergence of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in an automatic way. Previous research puts forward such algorithms as Adagrad, Adadelta, RMSprop, Adam and etc. to adapt both the updates and learning rates to the slope of a loss function. However, these adaptive methods do not share the same regret bound as the gradient descent method. Adagrad provably achieves the optimal regret bound on the assumption of convexity but accumulates the squared gradients in the denominator that dramatically shrinks the learning rate. This research is aimed at introducing a generalized logistic map directly into the SGD method in order to automatically set its parameters to the slope of the logistic loss function. The optimizer based on the population may be considered as a meta-learner that learns how to tune both the learning rate and gradient updates with respect to the rate of population growth. The present study yields the “growing” descent method and a series of computational experiments to point out the benefits of the proposed meta-learner.
Comparison of Gabor Filter Bank and Fuzzified Gabor Filter for License Plate Detection

: This paper presents a comparative study of improvements to the algorithms for license plate extraction from images captured using conventional, modest-quality cameras. It compares the results and efficacy of two similar algorithms which primarily differ in the raw image pre-processing stage of the initial image. One algorithm uses the Gabor filter bank with distinctly crisp parameters; the other relies on the fuzzified Gabor filter bank with fuzzified parameters to facilitate their adjustment. Results indicate that the fuzzy reasoning introduced for Gabor filter parameter adjustment improves the detection of the components of interest in complex images and adds minimal deviation compared to the Gabor filter bank with distinctly crisp parameters.
Optimism, Innovativeness, and Competitiveness: The Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientations and the Development of Science Identity in Scientists

We contend that the work scientists do is entrepreneurial because they are in the business of discovering, evaluating, and exploiting opportunities to create new knowledge. In this article, we examine the relationship between Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) scholars’ holdings of traits associated with entrepreneurial activity and the degree to which these scientists consider being a scientist important to their sense of self. In particular, we argue that optimism, an innovative mindset, and competitiveness should be associated, positively, with STEM scholars’ science identity. Our results, based on a survey of 215 postdoctoral trainees in STEM disciplines, show that the more academic scientists have of each entrepreneurial disposition, the greater their science identity centrality.
SliMANO: An Expandable Framework for the Management and Orchestration of End-to-end Network Slices

This paper proposes a slice management and orchestration framework for abstracting the instantiation of end-to-end network slices, which are composed by a chain of both physical and virtual network functions. In this line, the proposed SliMANO framework is a plug-in based system that requests network resources and coordinates the interaction among network orchestration entities for its instantiation and chaining in order to perform an end-to-end slice. These entities could range from management and orchestration (MANO), Software Defined Networking (SDN) controllers and Radio Access Network (RAN) controllers. A proof-of-concept prototype was implemented and experimentally evaluated, with results showcasing its feasibility. The results revealed a increase in the delay, associated with instantiation and deletion operations, when compared with the recently introduced network slicing feature (NetSlice) of the Open-source Management and Orchestration (OSM). Results showed that the delay is mostly associated to SliMANO being an entity external to the orchestrator itself, which comes as a trade-off for its added inter-operation capabilities. Moreover, SliMANO goes beyond the MANO domain and actually allows the interaction with SDN and RAN controllers.
Small lesion detection with new PET technology

FDG-PET/CT imaging plays an important role in the diagnostic evaluation of cancer. However, this technique has two major limitations: a low spatial resolution and a limited system sensitivity. Consequently, the detection of small lesions (<20 mm) is limited and PET images have a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio. Since the clinical introduction of whole-body PET 20 years ago, several techniques were introduced, such as new reconstruction methods and digital detectors, to improve the image quality and diagnostic performance of PET. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the impact of these new PET techniques on the detection of small lesions in cancer imaging. We studied the influence of conventional TOF-PET scanners and small-voxel reconstructions on small lesion detectability in lung and breast cancer. Furthermore, we studied digital TOF-PET scanners and determined their impact on semi-quantitative uptake measurements, image quality and lesion detectability in patients with cancer. Moreover, we evaluated the impact of conventional and digital PET scanners on European guidelines and procedure standards (EARL) for PET imaging using two different radionuclides. We performed three retrospective and two prospective studies in patients with cancer. We found that the use of smaller voxels and digital PET technology resulted in an improved detection of small lesions with higher standardized uptake values, higher signal-to-noise ratio’s, improved visual image quality and disease upstaging in some cases. We also demonstrated that images acquired with state-of-the-art PET scanners provided higher uptake values for both benign and malignant lesions. Therefore, PET readers should adapt their reference standards to distinguish benign from malignant when evaluating PET images acquired on such modern PET systems. Meanwhile, we also demonstrated that when using standardised EARL protocols and following European guidelines, conventional and digital PET systems can be used interchangeably.
Intercomparison between the Integrated Urban land Model and the
Noah Urban Canopy Model

Abstract. Urban land surface model (ULSM) is an important tool to study the climatic effect of human activity. Now there are two main methods to parameterize the effects of human activity, the coupling method and the integrating method. For the coupled method, the urban canopy model (UCM) was developed and coupled with the land surface model for the natural land surfaces. For the integrated method, the urban land surface model was built directly based on the traditional land surface model. In this paper, the Noah Single Layer Urban Canopy Model (Noah/SLUCM) and the Integrated Urban land Model (IUM) were compared using the observed fluxes data at the 325-meter meteorology tower in Beijing. Through the comparison, the key factors and physical processes of the urban land surface model which have significant impact on the performance of ULSM were found out. The results indicate that the absorbed solar radiation of urban surface was reduced by the solar radiation scattering, the absorption of building roof and wall, and the shading effect of urban canopy and tall buildings. Urban surface roughness length and friction velocity are important in urban sensible heat flux simulation. Urban water balance and impervious surface evaporation (ISE) are important in urban latent heat flux simulation.
Heat Transfer and Thermal Management of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Electric Motor

Geometric complexities and multi-physical phenomena add difficulties for predicting the thermal field and hence thermal management of an electric motor. A numerical design model that combined electromagnetic and thermal-fluid analysis was proposed for disclosing the detailed temperature distributions of each component in an electric motor. The thermal fluid analysis implemented ANSYS-Fluent code to unravel the thermal field of the interior permanent magnet synchronous electric motor fitted with a smooth or novel spirally twisted channel in the cooling water jacket of a stator with and without shaft cooling. In accordance with the thermal powers converted from the various electromagnetic losses of the electric motor, the complex heat conduction model with realistic thermal boundary conditions was formulated. Initially, the turbulent flow structures and channel averaged Nusselt numbers of the spiral channels without and with the sectional twist were comparatively examined for acquiring the convective thermal boundary conditions in the water jacket. With the high thermal conductivity of the aluminum water jacket, the heat-transfer improvements from the smooth-spiral-channel conditions by using the twisted spiral channel were effective for reducing the average temperatures by about 10% but less effective for altering the characteristic thermal field in the water jacket. At 1290 < Dn < 6455 or 5000 < Re < 25,000 for the spiral channel flows, the channel average Nusselt numbers ratios between the smooth and twisted spiral channels were elevated to 1.18–1.09 but decreased with the increase of Dn or Re. A set of heat-transfer correlations for estimating the Nusselt numbers of Taylor flow in the rotor-to-stator air gap was newly devised from the data available in the literature. While the cooling effectiveness of the water jacket and shaft was boosted by the sectional twists along the spiral channel of the water jacket, the presence of Taylor flow in the annual air gap prohibited the effective rotor-to-stator heat transmission, leading to hot spots in the rotor. By way of airflow cooling through the rotating hollow shaft, the high temperatures in the rotor were considerably moderated. As the development of Taylor flow between the rotor and stator was inevitable, the development of active or passive rotor cooling schemes was necessary for extending the power density of an electric motor. Unlike the previous thermal circuit or lumped-parameter thermal model that predicted the overall temperatures of motor components, the present coupled electromagnetic and thermal-fluid model can reveal the detailed temperature distributions in an electric motor to probe the local hot spots of each component in order to avoid overheating at the early design stage.
Effects of nitrogen deposition on the spatial pattern of biocrusts and soil microbial activity in a semi‐arid Mediterranean shrubland

The existence of a spatial pattern is an inherent characteristic of all ecosystems that is defined as the relationship or dependence between the values that a given variable takes in different localities (Maestre, Escolar, Martínez, & Escudero, 2008). The spatial patterns of organisms, abiotic factors and ecological interactions are key elements in the organization of matter and energy flows, Received: 8 May 2019 | Accepted: 11 December 2019 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13512
Medium-Specific Threats for Journalists: Examples from Philippines, Afghanistan and Venezuela

ABSTRACT Between 2012 and 2016, UNESCO registered 530 deaths of journalists. They also published a statistic showing that television journalists were the most killed, followed by print media, radio and online journalists. Hinted in this statistics is the need to understand the relationship between the medium through which and in which the journalists produce news and the threats and dangers posed to them. In this article, we discuss this interlinkage and call it medium-specific threats. As examples of this interlinkage, we describe the cases of community radio journalists in the Philippines, photojournalists in Afghanistan and online journalists in Venezuela. Based on these examples from independently conducted studies from very different parts of the world, we make the broader case that while recognizing the prevailing political-economic and socio-cultural factors and forces at work in these media systems-in-flux, investigations of medium-specific threats to journalists are needed for more nuanced understanding of and thus mitigation of journalists’ insecurities.
Short-term Prediction of the CSI 300 Based on the BP Neural Network Model

In this paper, BP neural network is adopted to predict the Shanghai-Shenzhen 300 Index (CSI 300) during a short period of 60 days (beginning from March 7th, 2018), results of which are used to determine the prediction effect of the BP neural network model on CSI (China Securities Index) 300. In addition, the present study explores the prediction effect of the BP neural network during different time periods by grouping predicted results according to the length of time. It is found that the BP neural network model performs well in predicting the CSI 300. The prediction results reveal that the price would overall decline, the fluctuation frequency would be small, and the price fluctuations would be small. Comparison between the groups during different time periods shows that prediction during a time period of less than 20 days or more than 50 days incurs larger errors, the prediction during a time period of 30 to 40 days is more accurate, and predictions errors increase sharply during the time period of more than 50 days.
Influence of Long-Term Inhaled Glucocorticoids on the Lung Surfactant Phospholipid Levels in Rats

Background: Damage to lung surfactant, which is responsible for the lung local immunity, may contribute to the development of bronchial inflammation in patients with bronchial asthma. Different doses of glucocorticoids produce a stimulating or inhibiting effect on the synthesis of the surfactant protein (SP-A) mRNA. Lung surfactant disorders may negatively influence bronchial homeostasis and aggravate the condition of patients with bronchial asthma and COPD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of long-term inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on the phospholipid levels of the lung surfactant in rats. Methods and Results: Inhalations of prednisolone hemisuccinate (PH) were given to white non-pedigree rats weighing 180200 g at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg daily for 30 days. Already by the end of the first study period (10 days), lung surfactant phospholipid levels were found to decrease significantly from 1.35±0.060 mg to 1.02±0.045 mg (P<0.001). The decrease was further recorded at Day 20 and Day 30 of the inhalation period: down to 0.94±0.042 mg (P<0.001) and 1.04±0.047 mg (P<0.01), respectively. The phospholipid content continued to decrease after termination of inhalations down to 0.80±0.036 mg (P<0.001) and 0.63±0.028 mg (P<0.001) at Day 40 and 50 of the experiment. By Day 60 of the experiment (30 days after termination of PH), the phospholipid content in the lung surfactant was restored to the baseline level of 1.29±0.058 mg. Conclusion: The content of lung surfactant was found to decrease significantly as a result of long-term ICS treatment, which may have a negative effect for chronic lung diseases. (Int J Biomed. 2016;6(3):167-169. ).
An Estimation of Distribution Algorithm With Resampling and Local Improvement for an Operation Optimization Problem in Steelmaking Process

This article studies an operation optimization problem in a steelmaking process. Shortly before the tapping of molten steel from the basic oxygen furnace (BOF), end-point control measures are applied to achieve the required final molten steel quality. While it is difficult to build an exact mathematical model for this process, the control inputs and the corresponding outputs are available by collecting production data. We build a data-driven model for the process. To optimize the control parameters, an improved estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) is developed using a probabilistic model comprising different distributions. A resampling mechanism is incorporated into the EDA to guide the new population to a broader and more promising area when the search becomes ineffective. To further enhance the solution quality, we add a local improvement to update the current best individual through simplified gravitational search and information learning. Experiments are conducted using real data from a BOF steelmaking process. The results show that the algorithm can help to achieve the specified molten steel quality. To evaluate the proposed algorithm as a general optimization algorithm, we test it on some complex benchmark functions. The results illustrate that it outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms across a wide range of problems.
Single‐Station Lightning Location Using Azimuth and Time of Arrival of Sferics

Lightning strikes produce electromagnetic waves, now referred to as sferics, in the very low frequency (3 kHz–30 kHz) and the extremely low frequency (3 Hz–3 kHz) bands. Within these frequency bands, the Earth and ionosphere form a waveguide in which sferics propagate long distances with low attenuation. The structure of the received sferic waveform is mainly a function of propagation distance and the waveguide's parameters. This suggests that each observed sferic waveform contains information about the distance that this sferic has propagated which can be used to geolocate lightning. There are various approaches for analyzing received sferics, which mostly rely on measurements from multiple stations. However, in these methods, each station imposes an additional cost for building, maintenance, and synchronization. Here we present a novel method to estimate both the emission time and location of lightning, which works by measuring sferics recorded at a single station. We first process the sferic waveforms to obtain the arrival times of the very low frequency and extremely low frequency radiation components which propagate with different speeds. Once these two separate arrival times are determined, we use them to approximate the distance the sferic propagated in the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide. We have used this novel method in combination with a method to find sferic direction to geolocate a significant number of lightning strikes for 4 July 2013. Using this proposed method, the distance of propagation estimates are accurate to within 6.7% of the National Lightning Detection Network‐determined propagation distance, and the direction of propagation estimates are accurate to within ∼ 1.3% of the National Lightning Detection Network‐determined direction.
MULTI LEVEL MARKETING DALAM PERSPEKTIF ETIKA BISNIS ISLAM

Amid the sluggishness and deterioration of the national economy, came a business system that had much promise and success and offered wealth in a short time. This system became known as Multi Level Marketing (MLM) or Networking Marketing. Multi Level Marketing (MLM) systems cut distribution channels in conventional sales because it doesn't involve distributors or sole agents and wholesalers or sub-agents, but directly distributing products to independent distributors who work as retailers or sellers directly to consumers. In this way, marketing and distribution costs (transportation, warehouse rent, salaries and sales force commissions etc.) can be obtained transferred to an independent distributor with a system tiered which is generally adjusted to the achievement of targets the sales or turnover of the distributor concerned, coupled with the controversies regarding the MLM system in today's society, starting from the aspect of products that must be halal to the system transactions, bonus giving, member recruitment, and coaching who do not use things that are forbidden by Islam, then plus the elements of money games, maysir, dharar, dzulm, immoral and usury. So it becomes interesting when we see Multi Level Marketing (MLM) through the perspective of Islamic business ethics.