Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disclosure Regulation in Commercial Banking: Lessons from the National Banking Era∗

I exploit variation in the adoption of disclosure regulation across states to examine their impact on the development and stability of commercial banks. The empirical results suggest that requirements to report financial statements in local newspapers promote the stability and development of banks, while periodic on-site examinations do not contribute to these outcomes. I also analyze the 1888 Illinois and Michigan popular vote on their banking laws. Counties with powerful landowners voted less ∗I thank the members of my dissertation committee at the University of Chicago for their support and help: Christian Leuz (chair), Randall S. Kroszner, Raghuram Rajan, Haresh Sapra and Douglas J. Skinner. I also thank Phil Berger, Alexander Bleck, Hans Christensen, Joseph Gerakos, Merle Erickson, Edward Kane, Zack Kaplan, Michael Minnis, Sara Moreira, Valeri Nikolaev, Regina Wittenberg-Moerman, Anastasia Zakolyukina, Sarah Zechman, and the participants in the University of Chicago accounting workshop for the insightful comments and discussions. I am indebted to Jessica Miller, archivist of the Michigan State Archives, who gave me access to electronic copies of the official directory and legislative manual of the state of Michigan for the years 1889-1890, and Connie Fleischer, librarian at the University of Chicago D’Angelo Library. I also thank Marianne Haramoto for excellent research assistance. I acknowledge the generous financial support provided by the Sanford J. Grossman fellowship in honor of Arnold Zellner and the Deloitte Foundation Fellowship program. †Sloan School of Management, MIT. Contact Information: Email: jgranja@MIT.edu; Phone: +1 (617) 324-7297; Website: http://mitsloan.mit. edu/faculty/detail.php? in_spseqno=58811.
New morphological and molecular data for Xystretrum solidum (Gorgoderidae, Gorgoderinae) from Sphoeroides testudineus (Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae) in Mexican waters

Abstract Adults of trematodes in the genus Xystretrum Linton, 1910 (Gorgoderidae, Gorgoderinae) are parasites found exclusively in the urinary bladders of tetraodontiform fishes. However, limited and unclear morphological data were used to describe the type species, X. solidum Linton, 1910. Here, we present the first detailed morphological information for a member of Xystretrum. Morphological characters were described using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of Xystretrum specimens from Sphoeroides testudineus (Linnaeus) (Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae), collected at six localities off the northern Yucatan Peninsula coast of the Gulf of Mexico. We also compared sequence fragments of the 28S (region D1–D3) ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene with those available for other gorgoderine taxa. We assigned these Xystretrum specimens to X. solidum, despite the incompleteness of published descriptions. The data provide a foundation for future work to validate the identities of X. solidum, X. papillosum Linton, 1910 and X. pulchrum (Travassos, 1920) with new collections from the type localities and hosts. Comparisons of 28S and COI regions described here also provide an opportunity to evaluate the monophyletic status of Xystretrum.
HCV Testing and Linkage to Care

Persons on long-term hemodialysis (ever) Persons with percutaneous/parenteral exposures in an unregulated setting Healthcare, emergency medical, and public safety workers after needlestick, sharps, or mucosal exposure to HCV-infected blood Children born to HCV-infected women Prior recipients of a transfusion or organ transplant, including persons who: Were notified that they received blood from a donor who later tested positive for HCV Received a transfusion of blood or blood components, or underwent an organ transplant before July 1992 Received clotting factor concentrates produced before 1987 Persons who were ever incarcerated
Interpersonal Violence – The Leading Cause of Maxillofacial Fractures

Purpose: Accident Compensation Corporation statistics show maxillofacial fracture affects 11000 people with an approximate $90 million annual cost in New Zealand (NZ). Previous studies have demonstrated Inter Personal Violence (IPV), Road Traffic Accidents (RTA), sports injury and falls being the common causes of maxillofacial fracture. This study investigated the causes and associated alcohol and/or drug use, and fracture patterns in patients presenting with maxillofacial fractures in the Wellington region. Methodology: Demographic data of the patients, the cause of maxillofacial fracture and associated alcohol and/or drug use, and the fracture patterns were culled from our prospective maxillofacial fracture database at Hutt Hospital for a 5-year period from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2017, and analyzed. Results: 1535 patients were referred with maxillofacial fractures during the study period. 38% of the maxillofacial fractures were caused by IPV, followed by sports injury (24%), falls (24%) and RTA (6%), with 33.4% associated with alcohol and/or drug use. Males were six times more likely to present with IPV-related maxillofacial fractures, compared to females. The 16-30 age group was most prevalent in the IPV group with NZ Maori attributing to significantly more maxillofacial fractures compared to NZ European, 54.6% vs. 32.0% (p<0.0001). Conclusion: IPV, especially involving alcohol and/or drug use, is the most common cause of maxillofacial fractures in the Wellington region especially in NZ Maori males aged 16-30. Public health strategies are needed to decrease IPV as a cause of maxillofacial fractures.
Haematological Parameters and Haemoparasites of West African Dwarf Goats Sold at Trans-Amadi and Rumuokoro Abattoirs, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Haemoparasitism has been a major problem to livestock production, resulting in high morbidity and mortality especially in small ruminants like goats. This research examined the haematological parameters and haemoparasites of West African Dwarf Goats traded at Trans-Amadi and Rumuokoro abattoirs, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of fifty goats from each location. The samples were emptied into Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) bottles and taken to the Haematological Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Nigeria, for laboratory analyses using standard procedures. Results showed that red blood and white blood cell counts of goats from Trans-Amadi abattoir ranged from 0.44-30.87 (1012/L) and 0.87-57.88 (109/L), respectively. The values of these parameters from Rumuokoro were 1.31-7.82 (1012/L) and 65-30.87(109/L), respectively. The mean red blood cell counts and packed cell volume of the goats from both locations were lower than reference values. A decrease in the packed cell volume (PCV) is an indication of anaemia. The goats were infected with Plasmodium spp. at a prevalence of 12.0% and 36.0% in Trans Amadi and Rumuokoro abattoirs, respectively. This observation is attributed to the warm and moist environmental conditions at both abattoirs, which are favorable to mosquitoes. Regular examination of goats for haematological parameters is encouraged as it enables early detection of infections. Better sanitary conditions and fumigation should be observed in abattoirs.
Osmotic dehydration and freezing as a suitable pretreatment in the process of vacuum drying kiwiberry: drying kinetics and microstructural changes**

*Corresponding author e-mail: ewa_gondek@sggw.pl **This work was partially carried out using apparatus purchased under the project Food and nutrition centre – modernization of the SGGW campus in order to create a Food and Nutrition Research and Development Centre (CŻiŻ) cofinanced by the European Union from the European Regional Development Fund under the Regional Operational Program of the Mazovian Voivodeship for the years 2014-2020 (project number RPMA.01.01.00-14-8276/17). A b s t r a c t. This study investigated the effects of osmotic dehydration and freezing on the kinetics and microstructure of vacuum-dried kiwiberry. Both fresh and previously frozen fruit were dehydrated in sucrose, maltitol and xylitol. Freezing and osmotic dehydration were selected as possible ways to improve the drying kinetics and positively influence the taste of the fruit. This experiment focused on the analysis of microstructural changes induced by applied processing methods using the X-ray microtomography technique. The results showed that the fruit pretreated in sucrose suffered the least structural damage as expressed by the largest condensation of small pores and thin cell walls. Freezing and xylitol resulted in the accumulation of larger pores and thicker walls. The most rapid drying time of 678-688 min was observed for unfrozen samples, dehydrated in sucrose and maltitol. Freezing slowed down the drying process, by 60-100 min, in comparison to the unfrozen samples. The applied mathematical models proved useful in predicting the kinetics of the drying process. The equation proposed by Midilli et al. provided the best fit for predicting the kinetics of the process. K e y w o r d s: Actinidia arguta, X-ray microtomography, mathematical modelling, drying kinetics
Investigation of Impact of Aslantaş Dam on Surrounding Environment Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Dams have a great importance for its containing biological diversity and continuity of ecological balance. The number of dams in Turkey is quite a lot. Also, of a strategical important on international level. Aim of this study investigate the relationship between the emerging of Aslantaş Dam Reservoir consequential ecological diversity in and surrounding the reservoir. Agricultural activities, the destruction of the natural vegetation by human activities intensifies the wetland degradation. This research examines the effects of landuse/cover change on the Aslantaş Dam and its immediate surroundings through Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Results Aslantaş Dam to densely dense agricultural activities around it and unsustainable planning lead to very serious problems.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Dental and Nondental Tissue Regeneration: A Review of an Unexploited Potential

Cell-based therapies currently represent the state of art for tissue regenerative treatment approaches for various diseases and disorders. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), reprogrammed from adult somatic cells, using vectors carrying definite transcription factors, have manifested a breakthrough in regenerative medicine, relying on their pluripotent nature and ease of generation in large amounts from various dental and nondental tissues. In addition to their potential applications in regenerative medicine and dentistry, iPSCs can also be used in disease modeling and drug testing for personalized medicine. The current review discusses various techniques for the production of iPSC-derived osteogenic and odontogenic progenitors, the therapeutic applications of iPSCs, and their regenerative potential in vivo and in vitro. Through the present review, we aim to explore the potential applications of iPSCs in dental and nondental tissue regeneration and to highlight different protocols used for the generation of different tissues and cell lines from iPSCs.
A piezoresistive sensor based on carbon nanotube yarns

This work introduces macroscopic yarns made up of carbon nanotubes (CNT) as piezoresistive sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM). When highly crystalline and of few layers, carbon nanotubes combine exceptional mechanical and electrical properties with chemical resistance, large surface area and often a high aspect ratio (>10). The “molecular” properties can be efficiently exploited by assembling CNT parallel to each other into a macroscopic, continuous fibre. We present mechanical properties of yarns made up of 10 to 100 filaments of 5 m-thick CNT fibres. They have specific strength (0.46 GPa/SG) and toughness (33.7 J/g) above metals, massnormalised conductivity approaching copper and very superior ductility to conventional glass (10.5% compared with <4% ). We then show that CNT yarns are piezoresistive, with changes in electrical resistance correlating with longitudinal stress, rather than strain. From measurements on different fibre grades and lengths we extract a figure of merit for piezoresistance, equivalent to a gauge factor. A typical yarn undergoes a 10% change in longitudinal resistance for a 0.2 GPa/SG axial stress. Cyclic tests are also presented to discriminate between elastic and plastic piezoresistive effects.
Results of Posterior Fixation and Instrumentation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the patients treated with posterior fusion and instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis both clinically and radiologically. Materials and Methods: 49 patients with the diagnosis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who were operated at Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology were retrospectively evaluated. Preoperative and postoperative radiography and clinical examination was performed to each of the patient. Mean age at the time of operation was 14.6 Mean postoperative follow-up was 35.1 months (4-84 months). Results: Frontal plane correction rate was 48%, considering sagittal plane in 91% of the patients the resultant thoracal kyphosis was in normal range and in 93.9% of them normal lordosis was reached. Apical vertebra derotation was 33.6%. In 87.7% of the patient’s frontal balance was obtained and in 96% of the patient's sagittal balance was obtained. Complication rate was 6.1% however we did not observe any major neurological or vascular complication. Conclusion: Accurate preoperative planning is essential in surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis to be able to reach multi planar correction of the deformity and to lower the postoperative lumber pain complication fusion site must not involve lower segments of the spinal column.
Contributions of Gene Modules Regulated by Essential Noncoding RNA in Colon Adenocarcinoma Progression

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), have an impact on a variety of important biological processes during colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) progression. This includes chromatin organization, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation, and cell-cell signaling. The aim of this study is to identify the ncRNA-regulated modules that accompany the progression of COAD and to analyze their mechanisms, in order to screen the potential prognostic biomarkers for COAD. An integrative molecular analysis was carried out to identify the crosstalks of gene modules between different COAD stages, as well as the essential ncRNAs in the posttranscriptional regulation of these modules. 31 ncRNA regulatory modules were found to be significantly associated with overall survival in COAD patients. 17 out of the 31 modules (in which ncRNAs played essential roles) had improved the predictive ability for COAD patient survival compared to only the mRNAs of those modules, which were enriched in the core cancer hallmark pathways with closer interactions. These suggest that the ncRNAs' regulatory modules not only exhibit close relation to COAD progression but also reflect the dynamic significant crosstalk of genes in the modules to the different malignant extent of COAD.
Sex Differences in Kidney Function and Metabolism Assessed Using Hyperpolarized [1-13C]Pyruvate Interleaved Spectroscopy and Nonspecific Imaging

Metabolic sex differences have recently been shown to be particularly important in tailoring treatment strategies. Sex has a major effect on fat turnover rates and plasma lipid delivery in the body. Differences in kidney structure and transporters between male and female animals have been found. Here we investigated sex-specific renal pyruvate metabolic flux and whole-kidney functional status in age-matched healthy Wistar rats. Blood oxygenation level–dependent and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to assess functional status. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate was used to assess the metabolic differences between male and female rats. Female rats had a 41% ± 3% and 41% ± 5% lower absolute body and kidney weight, respectively, than age-matched male rats. No difference was seen between age-matched male and female rats in the kidney-to-body weight ratio. A 56% ± 11% lower lactate production per mL/100 mL/min was found in female rats than in age-matched male rats measured by hyperpolarized magnetic resonance and DCE MRI. Female rats had a 33% ± 11% higher glomerular filtration rate than age-matched male rats measured by DCE MRI. A similar renal oxygen tension (T2*) was found between age-matched male and female rats as shown by blood oxygenation level–dependent MRI. The results were largely independent of the pyruvate volume and the difference in body weight. This study shows an existing metabolic difference between kidneys in age-matched male and female rats, which indicates that sex differences need to be considered when performing animal experiments.
Shared ecological traits influence shape of the skeleton in flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes)

In the age of phylogenetic comparative methods, evolutionary biologists have been able to explore evolutionary trends in form in unique and extraordinarily diverse groups of animals. Pleuronectiformes, commonly known as flatfishes, is a diverse and specialized order of fishes that have remarkable asymmetry induced by ocular migration and a benthic life style. Although flatfishes are unique from other fishes, species within the group are morphologically diverse. The origin of ocular migration has been a primary focus of research; however, little is known about overall shape diversification among the flatfishes. In this study, we use integrative methods to examine how body shape evolved within the flatfishes. Shape was quantified from X-rays using geometric morphometrics for 389 individuals across 145 species. The most recent and robust phylogeny was overlaid onto the morphospace and phylogenetic signal was calculated to ascertain convergence in the morphospace. In addition, phylogenetic linear models were employed to determine if ecological traits were correlated with shape and if size had an effect on overall body shape. Results revealed that the majority of variation evolved recently, within the past 15–10-million-years in the middle Miocene, and is highly variable within the flatfishes. These changes are best summarized by body depth, jaw length and medial fin length. Dorsal and anal fin length are correlated, which may be due to the unique mode of locomotion used by flatfishes. A phylogenetic linear model and phylomorphospace analysis suggested that several ecological traits are correlated with shape, which indicates an ecological role in the diversification of flatfishes.
Relationship Between Urolithiasis and Fatty Liver Disease: Findings in Computed Tomography

There are no studies that allow a joint diagnostic or therapeutic intervention for the treatment of fatty liver and urolithiasis, perhaps because it is not known if there is an association between these 2 diseases. We aimed to identify a relationship between renal lithiasis and fatty liver disease by examining for common factors that could be used to reduce their incidence and complications. Our study supports the association of fatty liver and urolithiasis. Given the increase in frequency of these 2 diseases, we believe there is a common pathway within the malabsorptive and metabolic syndromes, thus leading for a new field of research to find a mechanism that allows timely interventions.
Nomogram Based on microRNA Signature Contributes to Improve Survival Prediction of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Objective Numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in ccRCC and recommended to be used for predicting clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) prognosis. However, it is not clear whether a miRNA-based nomogram results in improved survival prediction in patients with ccRCC. Methods miRNA profiles from tumors and normal tissues were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and analyzed using the “limma” package. The association between differentially expressed miRNAs and patient prognosis was identified using univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Next, all patients were randomly divided into development and validation cohorts at a ratio of 1 : 1. A nomogram was established based on independent prognostic factors in the development cohort. The prognostic performance of the nomogram was validated in both cohorts using the concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots. Results Multivariate Cox analysis identified the 13-miRNA signature, as well as AJCC stage and age, as independent prognostic factors after adjusting for other clinical covariates. The nomogram was built based on the independent variables. In the development cohort, the C-index for the constructed nomogram to predict overall survival (OS) was 0.792, which was higher than the C-index (0.731) of the AJCC staging system and C-index (0.778) of the miRNA signature. The nomogram demonstrated good discriminative ability in the validation cohort in predicting OS, with a C-index of 0.762. The calibration plots indicated an excellent agreement between the nomogram predicted survival probability and the actual observed outcomes. Furthermore, decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated that the nomogram was superior to the AJCC staging system in increasing the net clinical benefit. Conclusions The novel proposed nomogram based on a miRNA signature is a more reliable and robust tool for predicting the OS of patients with ccRCC compared to AJCC staging system, thus, improving clinical decision-making.
Efficient CT Image Reconstruction in a GPU Parallel Environment

Computed tomography is nowadays an indispensable tool in medicine used to diagnose multiple diseases. In clinical and emergency room environments, the speed of acquisition and information processing are crucial. CUDA is a software architecture used to work with NVIDIA graphics processing units. In this paper a methodology to accelerate tomographic image reconstruction based on maximum likelihood expectation maximization iterative algorithm and combined with the use of graphics processing units programmed in CUDA framework is presented. Implementations developed here are used to reconstruct images with clinical use. Timewise, parallel versions showed improvement with respect to serial implementations. These differences reached, in some cases, 2 orders of magnitude in time while preserving image quality. The image quality and reconstruction times were not affected significantly by the addition of Poisson noise to projections. Furthermore, our implementations showed good performance when compared with reconstruction methods provided by commercial software. One of the goals of this work was to provide a fast, portable, simple, and cheap image reconstruction system, and our results support the statement that the goal was achieved.
Hammond and Axelrod’s model is not useful for studying ethnocentrism

Hammond and Axelrod’s ‘ethnocentrism’ model was initially published as a model on the armpit effect and inclusive fitness among simple organisms (Axelrod, Hammond, and Grafen 2004). The same model was later reframed as a model on ethnocentrism among humans (Hammond and Axelrod 2006), and inspired a branch of research on group discrimination. The question, though, is whether such a reframing is warranted. I will argue that it is not, and thus that there is little we can learn about group discrimination from the model and that researchers in the field should abandon this approach.