Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantifying internal medicine resident clinical experience using resident-selected primary diagnosis codes.

BACKGROUND While experiential learning is a desirable goal of residency education, little is known regarding the actual clinical experience of internal medicine residents during their training. METHODS We modified an electronic patient handoff tool to include a system for resident entry of a primary diagnosis for each of their patients. Using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) system, we created two methods to select the code: 1) an organ system-based dropdown list containing frequently used codes; and 2) a search option for the complete ICD-9 database. The codes were then grouped using ICD-9 categorization. RESULTS A total of 7562 resident-patient diagnostic encounters were studied. A wide spectrum of clinical conditions was observed, with symptoms and ill-defined conditions, circulatory disorders, respiratory disorders, neoplasms, genitourinary disorders, digestive disorders, diseases of the blood/blood forming organs, endocrinologic/nutritional/metabolic/immune disorders, and disorders of the skin and subcutaneous tissue accounting for about 86% of resident clinical experience. Symptoms and ill-defined conditions were noted to represent a sizable portion of resident clinical experience. Within this category, the most common conditions were fever; abdominal pain; and chest pain, unspecified. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of resident-selected ICD-9 codes might serve as a method to attempt to define resident clinical experience, and may be useful in the development of innovative experiential learning-based residency curricula. This might also be used to assess gaps in experiential learning at the program or resident level, and may serve to identify topics that require additional teaching supplementation.
Performance of molybdenum as a mechanical membrane for RF MEMS switches

This article details the construction and measurement of RF MEMS capacitive switches using molybdenum as the mechanical material. The resulting switches exhibit a significantly reduced rate of change in actuation voltage over temperature, with rates less than 0.03 V/°C up to 150°C. Resistivity of the molybdenum membranes averaged 10–11 μΩ-cm, yielding an effective shunt resistance of less than 0.25 Ω. Initial cycling measurements were made which show that the resulting membranes were capable of at least 20 billion cycles without failure, indicating that molybdenum is a promising mechanical material for constructing RF MEMS switches.
Role of source separation using combined RPCA and block thresholding for effective speaker identification in multi source environment

Speaker Recognition is the technique used for validation of a user's identity by extracting certain features from his/her voice. This method is the most utilitarian one amongst the different biometric based recognition methods. Efficiency of speaker recognition system falls under noisy multi source environment like background noise and music. This paper uses an efficient front-end processing system to improve the performance of speaker identification in multi-source environment. In this work RPCA (Robust Principal Component Analysis) algorithm is used on mixed speech signal to separate the musical background from the signal. Other background noise is then removed using block thresholding algorithm. The separated speech from the mixed signal is then used as input for effective speaker identification.
Health Care for Individuals with Hearing Loss or Vision Loss

Individuals with hearing or vision loss face significant barriers in accessing health care, resulting in documented health inequities. These barriers are typically in the form of inaccessible communication or information, as well as impediments to orientation or mobility. Compliance with applicable accessibility laws, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act, requires that providers have a sound understanding of the specific aids and services that assure compliance.
Protective Effects of Specific Immunity to Viral Neuraminidase on Influenza Virus Infection of Mice

Antibody specific for viral neuraminidase can be demonstrated in mice following (i) pulmonary infection with influenza virus, (ii) immunization with ultraviolet-in-activated influenza virus, (iii) immunization with isolated neuraminidase of influenza A2 virus, and (iv) passive immunization with sera of rabbits immunized with isolated A2 neuraminidase. Neuraminidase antibody produced by any of these methods exerts a profound inhibiting effect on virus replication in the lungs of mice challenged with strains of virus having homologous neuraminidase protein, even in the absence of hemagglutinating inhibiting antibody to the challenge virus, and results in markedly decreased pulmonary virus titers and diminished lung lesions. These observations suggest that antineuraminidase immunity may play a significant role in the protection against influenza virus challenge observed in mice after infection or artificial immunization.
A Data Mining-based Framework for Patient-Centric Medical Decision Support System

This paper describes the medical Decision Support System (DSS) designed in the framework of the Bravehealth project, a large scale Integrated Project (IP) launched in the 7th Framework Programme and proposing a patient-centric vision to cardiovascular disease management and treatment. The main aim of Bravehealth is to provide people already diagnosed as subjects at risk with a sound solution for continuous and remote monitoring and real time prevention of malignant events. The Decision Support System is the heart of the data processing performed in Bravehealth, and is aimed at enriching the medical experience to support the doctors in the decision-making processes. The paper focuses on the flexible and effective DSS architecture which includes both a main component placed at a Remote Server side and a secondary component placed at a Patient Gateway side (situated close to the patient). Moreover, a Data Mining prototype algorithm, supported by the architecture, is reported, along with encouraging test results.
V-HairStudio: An Interactive Tool for Hair Design

Graphical models of natural objects have become increasingly complex and sophisticated. Although researchers have made significant progress in modeling complex objects in the last decade, representing human hair realistically continues to challenge us. It presents problems in all aspects of computer graphics technologies, such as shape modeling, manipulation, rendering, and dynamic simulation. The article introduces a hair-designing system. Based on the cluster hair model, this designing tool provides a rich set of functionality for interactive hairstyle design in two levels of abstraction. The system is more powerful, and at the same time, more convenient and efficient for hair styling and manipulation than previous modeling systems. We can divide existing hair models into two categories: explicit geometric models and volume-density models.
A young woman with multiple kidney lesions.

The patient is a 26-year-old woman with a complex oncologic history. At 1 year of age, she was diagnosed with a stage III abdominal neuroblastoma, which was treated, and again at age 9, she had a recurrence of neuroblastoma in the left axilla. She was in her usual state of good health until 18 months ago, when she presented with hematuria and was found to have a right-sided kidney mass.
Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis by Real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction of Renal Cell Carcinoma

BackgroundDifferentiation between malignant renal cell carcinoma and benign oncocytoma is of great importance to choose the optimal treatment. Accurate preoperative diagnosis of renal tumor is therefore crucial; however, existing imaging techniques and histologic examinations are incapable of providing an optimal differentiation profile. Analysis of gene expression of molecular markers is a new possibility but relies on appropriate standardization to compare different samples. The aim of this study was to identify stably expressed reference genes suitable for the normalization of results extracted from gene expression analysis of renal tumors. MethodsExpression levels of 8 potential reference genes (ATP5J, HMBS, HPRT1, PPIA, TBP, 18S, GAPDH, and POLR2A) were examined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in tumor and normal tissue from removed kidneys from 13 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 5 patients with oncocytoma. ResultsThe expression levels of genes were compared by gene stability value M, average gene stability M, pairwise variation V, and coefficient of variation CV. More candidates were not suitable for the purpose, but a combination of HMBS, PPIA, ATP5J, and TBP was found to be the best combination with an average gene stability value M of 0.9 and a CV of 0.4 in the 18 tumors and normal tissues. ConclusionsA combination of 4 genes, HMBS, PPIA, ATP5J, and TBP, is a possible reference in renal tumor gene expression analysis by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. A combination of four genes, HMBS, PPIA, ATP5J and TBP, being stably expressed in tissues from RCC is possible reference genes for gene expression analysis.
Structure–Function of the Cytochrome b6f Complex †

The structure and function of the cytochrome b6 f complex is considered in the context of recent crystal structures of the complex as an eight subunit, 220 kDa symmetric dimeric complex obtained from the thermophilic cyanobacterium, Mastigocladus laminosus, and the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. A major problem confronted in crystallization of the cyanobacterial complex, proteolysis of three of the subunits, is discussed along with initial efforts to identify the protease. The evolution of these cytochrome complexes is illustrated by conservation of the hydrophobic heme‐binding transmembrane domain of the cyt b polypeptide between b6 f and bc1 complexes, and the rubredoxin‐like membrane proximal domain of the Rieske [2Fe‐2S] protein. Pathways of coupled electron and proton transfer are discussed in the framework of a modified Q cycle, in which the heme cn, not found in the bc1 complex, but electronically tightly coupled to the heme bn of the b6 f complex, is included. Crystal structures of the cyanobacterial complex with the quinone analogue inhibitors, NQNO or tridecyl‐stigmatellin, show the latter to be ligands of heme cn, implicating heme cn as an n‐side plastoquinone reductase. Existing questions include (a) the details of the shuttle of: (i) the [2Fe‐2S] protein between the membrane‐bound PQH2 electron/H+ donor and the cytochrome f acceptor to complete the p‐side electron transfer circuit; (ii) PQ/PQH2 between n‐ and p‐sides of the complex across the intermonomer quinone exchange cavity, through the narrow portal connecting the cavity with the p‐side [2Fe‐2S] niche; (b) the role of the n‐side of the b6 f complex and heme cn in regulation of the relative rates of noncyclic and cyclic electron transfer. The likely presence of cyclic electron transport in the b6 f complex, and of heme cn in the firmicute bc complex suggests the concept that hemes bn‐cn define a branch point in bc complexes that can support electron transport pathways that differ in detail from the Q cycle supported by the bc1 complex.
Mechanism of photoinhibition of photosynthetic water oxidation by Cl- depletion and F- substitution: oxidation of a protein residue.

New evidence on the chloride requirement for photosynthetic O2 evolution has indicated that Cl- facilitates oxidation of the manganese cluster by the photosystem II (PSII) Tyr-Z+ radical. Illumination above 250 K of spinach PSII centers which are inhibited in O2 evolution by either Cl- depletion or F- substitution produces a new EPR signal which has magnetic characteristics similar to one recently discovered in samples inhibited by depletion of Ca2+ only [Boussac et al. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 8984; Sivaraja et al. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 9459]. The physiological roles of Cl- and Ca2+ in water oxidation are thus linked. The characteristics include a nearly isotropic g = 2.00 +/- 0.005, a symmetric line shape with line width = 16 +/- 2 mT, almost stoichiometric spin concentration relative to Try-D+ = 0.6 +/- 0.3 spin/PSII, very rapid spin relaxation at all temperatures measured down to 6 K, and an undetectable change in magnetic susceptibility upon formation (less than 1 mu B2). The signal appears to originate from a spin doublet (radical) in magnetic dipolar contact with a transition-metal ion, most probably a photooxidized protein residue within 10 A of the Mn cluster (Mn-proximal radical). It is distinct from the three other protein-bound radical-type electron donors found in the PSII reaction center: Tyr-D+, Tyr-Z+, and C+. This signal photoaccumulates to a stable level under continuous illumination at 270 K and decays only after illumination stops. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Snapshot Judgements: Obtaining Data Insights without Tracing

Metadata snapshots are a favored method for gaining filesystem insights due to their small size and relative ease of acquisition compared to access traces [2]. Since snapshots do not include an access history; typically they are used for relatively simple analyses such as file lifetime and size distributions, and researchers still gather and store full block or file access traces for any higher level analysis such as cache prediction or scheduling variable replication [1, 3]. We claim that one can gain rich insights into file system and user behavior by clustering metadata snapshots and comparing the entropy within clusters to the entropy within natural partitions such as directory hierarchies or single attributes. We have preliminary results indicating that agglomerative clustering methods produce groups of data with high information purity, which may be a sign of functional correlation. While many studies have analyzed metadata snapshots, most focus on simple statistics, such as file size, age, or extension, or they attempt to reconstruct dynamic trace information from a series of snapshots by interpolating inter-snapshot accesses. We focus instead on what can be learned about a system by looking at metadata correlations within a small set of widely spaced snapshots. For example, timestamps can give insight into the dynamic activity of the system from a purely static viewpoint. UIDs can be used in conjunction with file paths to figure out if there is a “typical” namespace structure users create. Entropy between members of a namespace can help us relate different segments of a trace [4]. Full I/O traces are always superior, but keeping complete logs of accesses is prohibitive in many systems because of the computational overhead to collect the logs and the storage overhead to keep them. For a modern storage system with hundreds of thousands of I/Os per second, storing even minimal representations of the I/O without any metadata is very costly. For example, an enterprise storage system may create over 16 GB of blocklevel I/O logs per day [5]. Moreover, storing complete traces with metadata is even harder than storing raw accesses because there is more overhead both in terms of size and performance, thus this information is usually lost. We examined a series of clusterings using HPC and Figure 1: Sample clusterings view for a single snapshot. Clusters are indicated by shape and modification time is indicated by color.
Adaptive Image-Based Leader-Follower Approach of Mobile Robot with Omnidirectional Camera

This paper focuses on the problem of the adaptive image-based leader-follower formation control of mobile robot with on-board omnidirectional camera. A calibrated omnidirectional camera is fixed on the follower in any position, and a feature point representing the leader can be chosen in any position. An adaptive image-based controller without depending on the velocity of the leader is proposed based on a filter technology. In other words, only by relying on the projection of the feature on the image plane, can the follower track the leader and achieve the formation control. Moreover, an observer is introduced to estimate the unknown camera extrinsic parameters and the unknown parameters of plane, where the feature point moves, relative to omnidirectional camera frame. At last, the lyapunov method is applied to prove the uniform semiglobal practical asymptotic stability (USPAS) for the closed-loop system. Simulation results are presented to validate the algorithm.
Research of the parameter changes of the grounding system

This scientific paper presents a survey of soil resistivity and how its value varies due to geological and meteorological factors. Soil resistivity is not only a useful measurement that reflects subsurface structure, but also a basic parameter of the design of effective grounding and lightening prevention/protection systems. The most significant variations occur from such parameters of soil resistivity as contamination, moisture content, chemical composition, porosity, conductivity, temperature, vertical thickness and divisions, etc. Knowledge of soil resistivity at the intended site provides a valuable insight into how the desired ground resistance value can be achieved and maintained over the life of the installation with minimum cost and effort. The grounding of electrical installations is primarily concerned with safety; in particular, the prevention of the risk of electricity to human life. As such, a grounding system must be designed, tested and maintained to satisfy this primary aim.
Choosing between optical flow algorithms for UAV position change measurement

In recent years optical-flow-aided position measurement solutions have been used in both commercial and academic applications. These systems are used for navigating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in GPS-deprived environments. Movement in sequential images is detected and converted to real world position change. Multiple approaches have been suggested, ranging from using an optical mouse sensor to the use of a stereo camera setup. Our research focuses on single camera solutions. Previous research has used a variety of optical flow algorithms for single camera solutions. This paper presents a comparison on three algorithms to check if using different algorithms yield different results in terms of quality and CPU time. This paper also provides insight into the general theory behind using single camera optical flow for UAV navigation. The compared algorithms are the Lucas-Kanade method, Gunnar Farnebäck’s algorithm and Block Matching. A testing framework and custom indoor and outdoor datasets were created to measure algorithms flow estimation quality and computation time. Characteristic differences were found between the performance of the algorithms in terms of both computation time and quality. Choosing between algorithms therefore can increase flow estimation quality or reduce CPU time usage. Also different winners per test set were found in terms of estimation quality.
On semiglobal stabilization of linear systems with input saturation using a multiple parametric Lyapunov approach

There are currently three approaches to construct a parameterized family of stabilizing feedback gains: the eigenstructure assignment approach, the parametric algebra Riccati equation based approach and the parametric Lyapunov equation based approach. The third method possesses the advantages of the first two and results in both an explicitly parameterized feedback gain and a Lyapunov function. However, the number of parameters is limited. In this paper, we discuss another method based on solutions of multiple Lyapunov equations, which takes advantage of the parametric Lyapunov equation based approach, and has multiple adjustable parameters to achieve complex system performance requirements. The proposed method not only gives some corresponding results for the parametric Lyapunov equation, but also reveals some important intrinsic properties. Moreover, we develop the proposed method to feedback gains design for linear systems with input saturation. Finally, one illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the advantage as well as the effectiveness of the obtained results.
A note on the convergence analysis of LMS adaptive filters with Gaussian data

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of LMS (least-mean-squares) adaptive filters with Gaussian data have been established by L.L. Horowitz and K.D. Senne (1981), with the recent support of A. Feuer and E. Weinstein (1985). A feature of both of these studies is the necessity to investigate bounds on the roots of rather unwieldy characteristic equations. The authors show how such an investigation can be avoided through the use of a theorem of F. R. Gantmacher (1959). In formally applying this theorem, similar results to those of the above studies are obtained in a precise and straightforward manner. >
Recovering zeros of polynomials modulo a prime

Let p be a prime and F p the ﬁnite ﬁeld with p elements. We show how, when given an irreducible bivariate polynomial F ∈ F p [ X,Y ] and an approximation to a zero, one can recover the root eﬃciently, if the approx- imation is good enough. The strategy can be generalized to polynomials in the variables X 1 ,. ,X m over the ﬁeld F p . These results have been motivated by the predictability problem for nonlinear pseudorandom number generators and other potential applications to cryptography.
A robust sample of galaxies at redshifts 6.0

We present the results of a photometric redshift analysis designed to identify z≥ 6 galaxies from the near-infrared Hubble Space Telescope imaging in three deep fields [Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF), HUDF09-2 and Early Release Science] covering a total area of 45 square arcmin. By adopting a rigorous set of criteria for rejecting low-redshift interlopers, and by employing a deconfusion technique to allow the available ultradeep IRAC imaging to be included in the candidate-selection process, we have derived a robust sample of 70 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) spanning the redshift range 6.0 < z < 8.7. Based on our final sample, we investigate the distribution of ultraviolet (UV) spectral slopes (f_λ∝λ^β), finding a variance-weighted mean value of 〈β〉=−2.05 ± 0.09 which, contrary to some previous results, is not significantly bluer than displayed by lower redshift starburst galaxies. We confirm the correlation between UV luminosity and stellar mass reported elsewhere, but based on fitting galaxy templates featuring a range of star formation histories (SFHs), metallicities and reddening, we find that, at z≥ 6, the range in mass-to-light ratio (M_★/L_(UV)) at a given UV luminosity could span a factor of ≃50. Focusing on a subsample of 21 candidates with IRAC detections at 3. 6µm, we find that L^★ LBGs at z≃ 6.5 have a median stellar mass of M_★= (2.1 ± 1.1) × 10^9 M_⊙ (Chabrier initial mass function) and a median specific star formation rate (sSFR) of 1.9 ± 0.8 Gyr^(−1). Using the same subsample, we have investigated the influence of nebular continuum and line emission, finding that for the majority of candidates (16 out of 21), the best-fitting stellar masses are reduced by less than a factor of 2.5. However, galaxy template fits exploring a plausible range of SFHs and metallicities provide no compelling evidence of a clear connection between SFR and stellar mass at these redshifts. Finally, a detailed comparison of our final sample with the results of previous studies suggests that, at faint magnitudes, several high-redshift galaxy samples in the literature are significantly contaminated by low-redshift interlopers.