Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Collective Neurodynamic Approach to Distributed Constrained Optimization

This paper presents a collective neurodynamic approach with multiple interconnected recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for distributed constrained optimization. The objective function of the distributed optimization problems to be solved is a sum of local convex objective functions, which may be nonsmooth. Subject to its local constraints, each local objective function is minimized individually by using an RNN, with consensus among others. In contrast to existing continuous-time distributed optimization methods, the proposed collective neurodynamic approach is capable of solving more general distributed optimization problems. Simulation results on three numerical examples are discussed to substantiate the effectiveness and characteristics of the proposed approach. In addition, an application to the optimal placement problem is delineated to demonstrate the viability of the approach.
A Survey to Text Summarization Methods for Turkish

people deal with a huge amount of data, especially while they are surfing on internet. So, this makes the topic of automatic summarization is very important and in the forefront. In this paper, a review for text summarization methods in Turkish is presented. Brief summary of the methods used for automatic text summarization in the literature, and also brief definitions of summary, abstraction and automatic text summarization are given.
Nursing Interventions and Assessments for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients: A Mixed Methods Study Involving Practicing Nurses

ABSTRACT Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) caused by a ruptured aneurysm is a devastating event that can lead to severe disability or death. Although published guidelines on the management of aSAH exist, research is limited regarding the role of nursing in the care of aSAH patients. The purpose of this study was to describe the interventions and assessments that nurses provide while caring for aSAH patients in the critical care setting. A mixed methods design was utilized for this study. Individual interview sessions with 10 neurocritical care nurses were completed and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analyzed and categorized using a predetermined code list based on a theoretical framework derived from the work of McNett and Giankis. The predetermined code list included four areas: (a) neurophysiological, (b) psychosocial, (c) injury prevention, and (d) maintaining therapeutic milieu. Frequencies were also computed based on an investigator-developed questionnaire to identify the most common interventions and assessments. The qualitative data supported the four main areas in the predetermined code list. The neurophysiological theme focused on blood pressure management and detailed neurological exams. The psychosocial theme addressed education, support, and communication. The injury prevention theme involved repositioning and reorienting/distracting the patients. The theme of maintaining a therapeutic milieu focused on decreasing the patients’ stimulation. An additional theme emerged and was labeled, “Giving the Patient a Chance. ” Quantitative data revealed that neurophysiological and psychosocial interventions were most frequent. Nurses are responsible for the complex care of aSAH patients and their families and must implement a variety of nursing interventions and assessments. Further research is needed to identify the impact of these interventions and assessments on the outcome of aSAH patients while in the critical care setting.
The Math Anxiety-Performance Link

Demand for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals is on the rise worldwide. To effectively meet this demand, many governments and private organizations have revamped STEM education and promoted training to enhance math and science skills among students and workers. Education and training programs typically focus on increasing individuals’ math and science knowledge. However, data from laboratory studies and large-scale international assessments suggest that fear or apprehension about math, math anxiety, should also be considered when trying to increase math achievement and, in turn, STEM career success. This article reviews findings that shed light on antecedents of math anxiety, the bidirectional math anxiety-performance relation, underlying mechanisms, and promising routes to mitigating the negative relation between math anxiety and math performance.
An energy-efficient LEACH algorithm for wireless sensor networks

With limited battery power of nodes, communication energy consumption is the main factor to affect the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. It is of great significance to design a communication protocol to prolong the lifetime of the networks. In this paper, an energy-efficient LEACH algorithm for wireless sensor networks is proposed, which takes the energy and position factors of each node into account to optimize the cluster head election and data transmission mode. This method introduces the current energy and position factors of the node into the threshold to further reduce the randomness of the cluster head's designation. In the data transmission stage, some of the neighboring cluster heads are dedicated to be selected as the relay nodes to make the communication energy consumption balanced. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has higher stability and longer lifetime of the network compared to LEACH and LEACH-C algorithms.
Verbal memory encoding in patients with left-sided hippocampal sclerosis

Patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy based on left hippocampal sclerosis often show severe verbal memory deficits. Recent studies suggest that memory formation in these patients may be reallocated to the right hemisphere owing to left hippocampal pathology. To test this hypothesis, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine encoding-related activity of verbal items in temporal lobe epilepsy patients with left hippocampal sclerosis and patients with idiopathic epilepsy as a control group. Results demonstrated that patients with idiopathic epilepsy showed more activation in both left and right hippocampi. The temporal lobe epilepsy group showed enhanced activation in left fusiform gyrus. We discuss these results in terms of different strategy use by the groups.
ISOLATION OF FIVE GLYCOSIDES FROM THE BARKS OF ILEX ROTUNDA BY HIGH-SPEED COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY

Semi-preparative and preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) were successfully used for isolation of five glycosides from 50% ethanol extract of the dried barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb. (Aquifoliaceae) by using a two-phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water (1:6:7, v/v/v). From 1.0 g of the extract, syringaresinol 4′,4″-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside ( I , 20.2 mg, 55.4% purity), syringin ( II , 56.8 mg, 98.1% purity), sinapaldehyde glucoside ( III , 26.2 mg, 68.6% purity), syringaresinol 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside ( IV , 20.4 mg, 95.3% purity), and pedunculoside ( V , 45.1 mg, 97.3% purity) were obtained by one run of TBE-1000A HSCCC instrument with 1000 mL of column volume. Glycosides I (9.8 mg, 95.5% purity) and III (14.2 mg, 97.8% purity) were further purified by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their structures were identified by IR, MS, and 1H and 13C NMR studies. Glycoside I was isolated from this plant for the first time.
A biobehavioral model of cancer stress and disease course.

Approximately 1 million Americans are diagnosed with cancer each year and must cope with the disease and treatments. Many studies have documented the deteriorations in quality of life that occur. These data suggest that the adjustment process is burdensome and lengthy. There is ample evidence showing that adults experiencing other long-term stressors experience not only high rates of adjustment difficulties (e.g., syndromal depression) but important biologic effects, such as persistent downregulation of elements of the immune system, and adverse health outcomes, such as higher rates of respiratory tract infections. Thus, deteriorations in quality of life with cancer are underscored if they have implications for biological processes, such as the immune system, relating to disease progression and spread. Considering these and other data, a biobehavioral model of adjustment to the stresses of cancer is offered, and mechanisms by which psychological and behavioral responses may influence biological processes and, perhaps, health outcomes are proposed. Finally, strategies for testing the model via experiments testing psychological interventions are offered.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Reserve Cell-Like Cells of Ovarian Müllerian Mucinous/Mixed Epithelial Borderline Tumor

Summary: Ovarian mucinous borderline tumor of müllerian type (MMBT) and mixed epithelial borderline tumor of müllerian type (MEBT) are uncommon subtypes of ovarian surface epithelial tumors. Both are often associated with endometriosis, but their histogenesis is still debated. We have noticed occasional foci of subepithelial cuboidal cells resembling uterine cervical reserve cells (RCs) in MMBTs/MEBTs, which have not been documented in the literature to the best of our knowledge. This study was carried out to identify the presence of RC-like cells (RCLCs) in MMBTs/MEBTs and their immunohistochemical features in comparison to those of cervical RCs. We analyzed 10 consecutive cases of RC-like MMBTs/MEBTs, 6 of which were associated with endometriosis. Immunohistochemistry was performed for p63, cytokeratin 34BE12, cytokeratin 17 (CK17), and low-molecular cytokeratin CAM5.2. In 9 of 10 cases, RCLCs were appreciated in hematoxylin-eosin stain, although their amount in the tumor varied from case to case. Immunohistochemically, RCLCs were positive for p63 in 9 cases. They were positive for both 34BE12 and CK17 and were very weakly positive or negative for CAM5.2 in 8 cases. This immunohistochemical profile is similar to that seen in the cervical RCs. Reserve cell-like cells were also found in the foci of endometriosis coexisting with MMBTs/MEBTs in 1 of 5 cases examined. We draw attention to the existence of the RCLCs in MMBTs/MEBTs and in endometriosis. Their similarity to the cervical RCs may indicate their potential role as precursor cell that may subsequently differentiate into different müllerian cell types, thus merit further study.
Laws of the simple visual reaction time.

Fourteen studies from the literature on the reaction time (RT) to a flash of light provided sufficient methodological detail and data to allow for a quantitative analysis of the effects of the following selected variables: luminance, duration, size of stimulus, response to onset versus termination of the signal, and monocular versus binocular viewing. Mathematical relationships were developed which can be used to predict binocular rts over a wide range of luminance, signal duration, and signal size. It was also shown that the product of rt and luminance may be used to represent a response criterion in the sense implied by the theory of signal detection as developed in recent latency models. The results were interpreted as suggesting two general energy processing activities--criterion development and an impulse "countdown"--going on in parallel which are in series with a sensory delay.
CCR and CC chemokine expression in relation to Flt3 ligand-induced renal dendritic cell mobilization.

BACKGROUND We investigated the expression and function of CC chemokine receptors (CCR) on highly-purified kidney and blood dendritic cells isolated from mice in which dendritic cells were mobilized with fms-like tyrosine 3 kinase ligand (Flt3L). METHODS CCR and CC chemokine expression were determined by RNase protection assay or flow cytometry, and dendritic cell migratory responses assayed using Transwell chambers. Chemokine production in renal tissue was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Trafficking of fluorochrome-labeled dendritic cells was monitored in vivo. RESULTS Freshly-isolated renal dendritic cells expressed mRNA for CCR1, 2, 5, and 7 and CCR1 and 5 protein. They did not migrate to inducible chemokines--CCL3 [macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha], CCL5 [regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)], or CCL20 (MIP-3alpha). Following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, the dendritic cells down-regulated CCR1, 2, and 5 expression, up-regulated or sustained signals for CCR7, and migrated to the constitutively expressed ligands CCL19 (MIP-3beta) and CCL21 (secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine). Normal kidneys expressed weak message for CCL2, 3, and 4, with stronger signals for CCL5 and 19. Intrarenal CCL5 production was enhanced by Flt3L administration, in association with marked increases in interstitial CD45+ mononuclear cells. Mobilized blood dendritic cells migrated to CCR2 and CCR5 ligands and trafficked to renal intertubular sites following adoptive (intravenous) transfer. Their migration to the CCR5 ligand MIP-1beta (CCL4) and homing to kidneys of Flt3L-treated recipients were inhibited by CCR5 antagonism. CONCLUSION These data implicate specific CCR and their ligands in regulation of the dendritic cell constituency of the kidney. CCR5 antagonism inhibits their directed migration and intrarenal accumulation.
Ultrasensitive Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds by a Pore Tuning Approach Using Anisotropically Shaped SnO2 Nanocrystals.

Gas sensing with oxide nanostructures is increasingly important to detect gaseous compounds for safety monitoring, process controls, and medical diagnostics. For such applications, sensor sensitivity is one major criterion. In this study, to sensitively detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at very low concentrations, we fabricated porous films using SnO2 nanocubes (13 nm) and nanorods with different rod lengths (50-500 nm) that were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The sensor response to H2 increased with decreasing crystal size; the film made of the smallest nanocubes showed the best sensitivity, which suggested that the H2 sensing is controlled by crystal size. In contrast, the responses to ethanol and acetone increased with increasing crystal size and resultant pore size; the highest sensitivity was observed for a porous film using the longest nanorods. Using the Knudsen diffusion-surface reaction equation, the gas sensor responses to ethanol and acetone were simulated and compared with experimental data. The simulation results proved that the detection of ethanol and acetone was controlled by pore size. Finally, we achieved ultrahigh sensitivity to ethanol; the sensor response (S) exceeded S = 100 000, which corresponds to an electrical resistance change of 5 orders of magnitude in response to 100 ppm of ethanol at 250 °C. The present approach based on pore size control provides a basis for designing highly sensitive films to meet the criterion for practical sensors that can detect a wide variety of VOCs at ppb concentrations.
Association of Src-like protein tyrosine kinases with the CD2 cell surface molecule in rat T lymphocytes and natural killer cells

The cell surface molecule CD2 has a signaling role in the activation of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Because perturbation of CD2 leads to the appearance of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, we investigated the possibility that CD2 associates with cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases. As determined by in vitro kinase assays and phosphoamino acid analysis, protein tyrosine kinase activity coprecipitated with CD2 from rat T lymphocytes, T lymphoblasts, thymocytes, interleukin-2-activated natural killer cells, and RNK-16 cells (a rat natural killer cell line). In each case, both p56lck and p59fyn were identified in the CD2 immunoprecipitate. In the thymus, the association between CD2 and these kinases occurred predominately in a small subset of thymocytes that had the cell surface phenotype of mature T cells, indicating that the association is a regulated event and occurs late in T-cell ontogeny. The finding that CD2 is associated with p56lck and p59fyn in detergent lysates suggests that interactions with these Src-like protein kinases play a critical role in CD2-mediated signal transduction.
A novel TP53-KPNA3 translocation defines a de novo treatment-resistant clone in osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer. It can be cured by aggressive surgery and chemotherapy, but outcomes for metastatic or chemoresistant disease remain dismal. Cancer sequencing studies have shown that the p53 pathway is dysregulated in nearly every case, often by translocation; however, no studies of osteosarcoma evolution or intratumor heterogeneity have been done to date. We studied a patient with chemoresistant, metastatic disease over the course of 3 years. We performed exome sequencing on germline DNA and DNA collected from tumor at three separate time points. We compared variant calls and variant allele frequencies between different samples. We identified subclonal mutations in several different genes in the primary tumor sample and found that one particular subclone dominated subsequent tumor samples at relapse. This clone was marked by a novel TP53-KPNA3 translocation and loss of the opposite-strand wild-type TP53 allele. Future research must focus on the functional significance of such clones and strategies to eliminate them.
Family Food Security and Children’s Environment: A Comprehensive Analysis with Structural Equation Modeling

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) has been used extensively in sustainability studies to model relationships among latent and manifest variables. This paper provides a tutorial exposition of the SEM approach in food security studies and introduces a basic framework based on family food security and children’s environment sustainability. This framework includes family food security and three main concepts representing children’s environment, including children’s BMI, health, and school performance. A detailed description is provided of how SEM is applied in this type of study. The proposed model contains dependent, independent, mediator, and moderator variables. Three latent variables categorized include family food security, children’s health, and children’s school performance, and two manifest variables are children’s body mass index and children’s gender. The samples for this study involve 452 Chinese children aged 7–12. The data analysis outcome indicates that the introduced model is capable of estimating the impact of family food security on children’s environment. The results from this study confirm that the combination of children’s body mass index with children’s health acts as a strong mediator in the relationship between family food security and children’s school performance.
Generalized Linear Periodic Time-Varying Analysis for Noise Reduction in an Active Mixer

A simple linear periodic time-varying circuit model is proposed to rigorously analyze the noise behavior in an active mixer. This analysis can be shown to be a generalization of existing LPTV mixer models, which assume that the mixer is a memoryless device and, as a result, is valid for low frequency only. Based on the proposed LPTV circuit model, explicit formulas for noise figure that accounts for the effect of the thermal noise folding and the flicker noise leakage are derived. Our analysis shows that the mixer operating at OFF overlap mode yields a better noise performance. The analysis is validated against simulations and measurements.
High resolution imaging with positron emitters: modeling range blurring effects

Employing a diffusion approximation for monoenergetic positrons and well-known theoretical and empirical relations, we have modeled positron range and calculated the range-blurring effect on system resolution for 21 positron emitters of biomedical interest. The line-spread function for a tomograph with intrinsic spatial resolution of 1.5 mm FWHM is blurred to 1.7 mm FWHM for the low end-point energy emitters F-18 or Cu-64 and to about 4.3 mm FWHM for the high end-point energy emitters Rh-82 and I-120. Annihilation distributions exhibit a biphasic nature-very sharply peaked with long-range, low-intensity tails. The sharp peaks preserve high spatial frequencies while the tails, responsible for the predominant blurring effects, asymptotically approach exponential terms. Using an approximation to the model suitable for low spatial frequencies, we can calculate the exponential constant-an apparent mass absorption coefficient-and find it to be in close agreement with a classical estimate. This long-range character introduces a blur component that could be easily removed during iterative reconstruction. Our model thus enables range-blurring corrections, which are essential for high-resolution PET, particularly with high-energy emitters
MITOCHONDRIAL‐DNA AND ALLOZYME DIVERGENCE PATTERNS ARE CORRELATED AMONG ISLAND DEER MICE

Relation entre la distance geographique et la phylogenese etudie chez des populations de la souris Peromyscus maniculatus des iles du detroit de Californie a l'aide de donnees morphologiques, biologiques et du RFLP de l'ADN mitochondrial
Linear chromosomes of Lyme disease agent spirochetes: genetic diversity and conservation of gene order

We have constructed physical and genetic maps of the chromosomes of 21 Lyme disease agent spirochetes from geographically diverse locations. All have linear chromosomes whose lengths range from 935 to 955 kbp, and all contain multiple linear plasmids in the 16- to 175-kbp size range. The locations of 11 gene clusters on the chromosomes of these different isolates are indistinguishable at the resolution achieved in this study, indicating that the members of this related group of species have highly conserved chromosomal gene orders. However, chromosomal restriction endonuclease cleavage site maps are unique for nearly all isolates. The 22 chromosomal maps currently available define eight classes of Lyme disease agents. Four of these correspond to the previously proposed species Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia garinii, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia japonica. In addition, the North American isolates 21038, DN127 c19-2, 25015, and CA55 typify four additional chromosomal types that are as phylogenetically distinct as the species listed above. These findings support the idea that comparison of restriction maps is currently the most robust and definitive method for determining overall chromosomal relationships among closely related bacteria. In the course of this work, we located on the chromosome the previously unmapped outer surface protein-encoding LA7 gene and genes homologous to the Escherichia coli priA, plsC, parE, and parC genes, and we have substantially refined the locations of the recA, fla, p22A, and flgE genes.
Excellent passivation and low reflectivity Al2O3 /TiO2 bilayer coatings for n-wafer silicon solar cells

A bilayer coating of Al2O3 and TiO2 is used to simultaneously achieve excellent passivation and low reflectivity on p-type silicon. This coating is targeted for achieving high efficiency n-wafer Si solar cells, where both passivation and anti-reflection (AR) are needed at the front-side p-type emitter. It could also be valuable for front-side passivation and AR of rear-emitter and interdigitated back contact p-wafer cells. We achieve high minority carrier lifetimes ~1 ms, as well as a nearly 2% decrease in absolute reflectivity, as compared to a standard silicon nitride AR coating.
DETECTION OF CYP2D6*6 ALLELE BY REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION IN ROMANIAN POPULATION

Cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform (CYP2D6) is one of the best-known polymorphic enzymes responsible for the metabolism of several drugs with considerable therapeutic impact. Mutation analysis and detection of CYP2D6 gene variations allow risk predictions for adverse drug responses or reduced therapeutic benefits. The distribution of CYP2D6*6 poor metabolizer allele was analyzed in a group of 37 Romanian healthy subjects by real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results indicated the presence of 4 heterozygotes (carrying a wild-type and a CYP2D6*6 allele) and 33 wild-type homozygotes subjects (carrying two functional wild-type alleles). Rezumat