Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric chemistry-climate feedbacks

We extend the theory of climate feedbacks to include atmospheric chemistry. A change in temperature caused by a radiative forcing will include, in general, a contribution from the chemical change that is fed back into the climate system; likewise, the change in atmospheric burdens caused by a chemical forcing will include a contribution from the associated climate change that is fed back into the chemical system. The theory includes two feedback gains, G_(che) and G_(cli). G_(che) is defined as the ratio of the change in equilibrium global mean temperature owing to long-lived greenhouse gas radiative forcing, under full climate-chemistry coupling, to that in the absence of coupling. G_(cli) is defined as the ratio of the change in equilibrium mean aerosol or gas-phase burdens owing to chemical forcing under full coupling, to that in the absence of coupling. We employ a climate-atmospheric chemistry model based on the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) GCM II', including tropospheric gas-phase chemistry, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, and organic carbon. While the model describes many essential couplings between climate and atmospheric chemistry, not all couplings are accounted for, such as indirect aerosol forcing and the role of natural dust and sea salt aerosols. Guided by the feedback theory, we perform perturbation experiments to quantify G_(che) and G_(cli). We find that G_(che) for surface air temperature is essentially equal to 1.00 on a planetary scale. Regionally, G_(che) is estimated to be 0.80–1.30. The gains are small compared to those of the physical feedbacks in the climate system (e.g., water vapor, and cloud feedbacks). These values for G_(che) are robust for the specific model used, but may change when using more comprehensive climate-atmospheric chemistry models. Our perturbation experiments do not allow one to obtain robust values for G_(cli). Globally averaged, the values range from 0.99 to 1.28, depending on the chemical species, while, in areas of high pollution, G_(cli) can be up to 1.15 for ozone, and as large as 1.40 for total aerosol. These preliminary values indicate a significant role of climate feedbacks in the atmospheric chemistry system.
Effect of intense training on plasma leptin in male and female swimmers.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether fasting plasma leptin concentration was altered with an increase in training volume in competitive male and female athletes. METHODS Intercollegiate male (N = 9) and female (N = 12) swimmers were examined during the preseason and at two times during the mid-season (mid-season 1 and mid-season 2) when training volume was relatively high (33,000 m.wk(-1)). Body composition (hydrostatic weighing), energy intake and expenditure, and fasting plasma leptin concentration were measured. RESULTS In the women, there was a significant (P < 0.05) decline in fat mass (2 kg) with the increase in training volume, which was not accompanied by a reduction in fasting leptin (12.8 +/- 1.5 vs 11.0 +/- 1.2 vs 11.0 +/- 1.5 ng.mL(-1) for preseason, mid-season 1, and mid-season 2, respectively). In the men, there were no significant changes in body composition, body mass, or fasting leptin (4.4 +/- 0.8 vs 4.3 +/- 0.8 vs 4.6 +/- 0.8 ng.mL(-1), respectively). CONCLUSION These findings suggest 1) plasma leptin is not sensitive to an increase in training volume and 2) leptin may not be indicative of changes in fat mass with an increase in training volume in female athletes. These data suggest that leptin may not be useful in monitoring relative training stress in athletes.
Issues on Performance Measurements of TCP

Due to the rapid growth of the Internet and the use of packet data traffic, the communication world has to find ways of improving performance of this traffic. New areas of use include, e.g., radio transmissions and real time data. This work discusses some issues of performance when using TCP and also present some of the measures that are used today. Furthermore we discuss this matter from the perspective of a bottleneck queue and present a measure that can be used from that viewpoint in the network. This measure is illustrated by comparing two versions of TCP and form the basis for a discussion of what models will be needed to actually achieve the goals that we have. A control structure is presented and using simulations and a control interpretation we note that RED introduces an implicit wanted steady state value of the queue length. We use the dropping of packets as a control signal and the output signal is the queue length.
Spread and maintenance of a dominant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clone during an outbreak of MRSA disease in a Spanish hospital

It was not until November 1989 that the 1,000-bed University-affiliated Hospital de Bellvitge "Princeps d'Espanya" in Barcelona first acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Since that time, the outbreak of MRSA disease has continued. We have analyzed by genomic DNA fingerprinting 189 MRSA isolates collected between late 1989 and the end of 1993. The isolates include both invasive and colonizing strains as well as isolates from health-care workers and environmental sources. In addition, 52 clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) collected in the same hospital were also analyzed. Isolates were classified into clonal types on the basis of molecular typing techniques. A single MRSA clone (I::B::a) belonging to ClaI type I, pulsed-field gel electrophoretic pattern B, and Tn554 pattern a was responsible for the great majority of infections (73% of blood cultures and 79% of specimens from other clinical sources). This clone appeared at the very beginning of the outbreak, spread throughout the hospital wards, and was also carried by inpatients and health-care workers and on environmental surfaces. In contrast, no dominant lineage was apparent among MSSA isolates (33 distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoretic patterns among 52 isolates). Two MSSA isolates seem to have originated from the dominant clone by deletion of the mecA gene and some additional DNA. In several isolates, different mecA polymorphs were present in identical chromosomal backgrounds or cells with distinct chromosomal backgrounds carried the same mecA polymorph, suggesting horizontal transfer of the mecA gene.
Defaults in specifications

A formalism is motivated and described for representing defaults in specifications. The formalism is called ordered theory presentations. The ability to represent defaults narrows the gap between a customer's initial requirements and a formal specification, and supports reuse on both a small and a large scale. Issues are illustrated throughout reference to the lift example. The application of the formalism to specification revision is considered. <<ETX>>
RNA stabilization by the AU‐rich element binding protein, HuR, an ELAV protein

An important paradigm for post‐transcriptional regulation is the control of cytoplasmic mRNA stability mediated by AU‐rich elements (AREs) in the 3′ untranslated region of transcripts encoding oncoproteins, cytokines and transcription factors. While many RNA‐binding proteins have been shown to bind to AREs in vitro, neither the functional consequences nor the physiological significance of their interactions are known. Here we demonstrate a role for the embryonic lethal abnormal visual (ELAV) RNA‐binding protein HuR in mRNA turnover in vivo. The ELAV family of RNA‐binding proteins is highly conserved in vertebrates. In humans, there are four members; HuR is expressed in all proliferating cells, whereas Hel‐N1, HuC and HuD are expressed in terminally differentiated neurons. We show that elevation of cytoplasmic HuR levels inhibits c‐fos ARE‐mediated RNA decay but has little effect on rapid decay directed by c‐jun ARE. It appears that HuR has little effect on deadenylation but delays onset of decay of the RNA body and slows down its subsequent decay. We also show that HuR can be induced to redistribute from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and that this redistribution is associated with an altered function. Modulation of the ARE‐mediated decay pathway through controlling distribution of the ELAV proteins between nucleus and cytoplasm may be a mechanism by which cell growth and differentiation is regulated.
The Relative Importance of Search versus Credence Product Attributes: Organic and Locally Grown

Organic foods and local foods have come to the forefront of consumer issues, due to concerns about nutrition, health, sustainability, and food safety. A conjoint analysis experiment quantified the relative importance of, and trade-offs between, apple search and experience attributes (quality/blemishes, size, flavor), credence attributes (conventional vs. organic production method, local origin vs. product of USA vs. imported), and purchase price when buying apples. Quality is the most important apple attribute. Production method—organic versus conventional—had no significant impact on preferences.
Nonlinear Image Filtering with Edge and Corner Enhancement

The authors describe a model of nonlinear image filtering for noise reduction and edge enhancement using anisotropic diffusion. The method is designed to enhance not only edges, but corners and T junctions as well. The method roughly corresponds to a nonlinear diffusion process with backward heat flow across the strong edges. Such a process is ill posed, making the results depend strongly on how the algorithm differs from the diffusion process. Two ways of modifying the equations using simulations on a variable grid are studied. >
Fast Ate Pairing Computation of Embedding Degree 12 Using Subfield-Twisted Elliptic Curve

This paper presents implementation techniques of fast Ate pairing of embedding degree 12. In this case, we have no trouble in finding a prime order pairing friendly curve E such as the Barreto-Naehrig curve $y^2=x^3+a, a\\in\\Fp{}$. For the curve, an isomorphic substitution from $\\Gii\\subset \\EFpxii$ into $\\Gii'$ in subfield-twisted elliptic curve $\\EdFpii$ speeds up scalar multiplications over $\\Gii$ and wipes out denominator calculations in Miller's algorithm. This paper mainly provides about 30% improvement of the Miller's algorithm calculation using proper subfield arithmetic operations. Moreover, we also provide the efficient parameter settings of the BN curves. When p is a 254-bit prime, the embedding degree is 12, and the processor is Pentium4 (3.6GHz), it is shown that the proposed algorithm computes Ate pairing in 13.3 milli-seconds including final exponentiation.
Effects of osteogenic protein‐1 (OP‐1, BMP‐7) on gene expression in cultured medial collateral ligament cells

Osteogenic protein‐1 (OP‐1, also called BMP‐7), a member of the BMP family and the TGF‐β superfamily, induces formation of new bone and cartilage, but also regulates a wide array of processes. In the present study, the expression of several characteristic biochemical markers of ligaments, such as Six1, Scleraxis, aggrecan, and type I collagen in primary cultures of adult rat medial collateral ligament (MCL) cells was determined. The effects of OP‐1 on cell proliferation and on gene expression were subsequently examined. OP‐1 stimulated cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, and the steady‐state mRNA levels of the transcription factor Runx2/Cbfa1 in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. The mRNA levels of type I collagen only increased slightly, but the activity of the cloned collagen promoter increased by 2‐fold in transiently transfected MCL cells. OP‐1 also stimulated aggrecan mRNA expression. The mRNA levels of Six1 and Scleraxis were not detectably altered by OP‐1. In control cultures, the steady‐state mRNA levels of ActR‐I, BMPR‐IA, BMPR‐IB, and BMPR‐II increased as a function of time in culture. The mRNA levels of BMP‐1 and ‐4 increased significantly after 12 days, but those of BMP‐2 and ‐6 did not change. The GDF‐1, ‐3, ‐5, ‐6, and ‐8 mRNA levels in the control cultures also increased as a function of time. OP‐1 treatment stimulated mRNA expression of BMPR‐IA and BMPR‐II, but had little effect on ActR‐I and BMPR‐IB mRNA expression. OP‐1 lowered the BMP‐1, ‐2, and ‐6 mRNA levels without changing the BMP‐4 mRNA level. OP‐1 treatment also reduced the mRNA levels of GDFs detected. In summary, the present study demonstrated that OP‐1 stimulated cell proliferation and mRNA expression of several biochemical markers in this ligament cell culture model and established the spatial and temporal appearance of several members of the TGF‐β superfamily. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RegG, a CcpA Homolog, Participates in Regulation of Amylase-Binding Protein A Gene (abpA) Expression inStreptococcus gordonii

ABSTRACT The amylase-binding protein A (AbpA) of Streptococcus gordonii was found to be undetectable in supernatants of mid-log-phase cultures containing >1% glucose but abundant in supernatants of cultures made with brain heart infusion (BHI), which contains 0.2% glucose. A 10-fold decrease in the level ofabpA mRNA in S. gordonii cells cultured in BHI was noted after the addition of glucose to 1%. Analysis of theabpA sequence revealed a potential catabolite responsive element CRE 153 bp downstream of the putative translational start site. A catabolite control protein A gene (ccpA) homolog fromS. gordonii, designated regG, was cloned. AregG mutant strain demonstrated moderately less repression of abpA transcription in the presence of 1% glucose. Diauxic growth with glucose and lactose was not affected in the RegG mutant compared to the wild-type parental strain. These results suggest that while RegG plays a role in abpA expression, other mechanisms of catabolite repression are present.
Molecular markers for colon diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy

Colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC), the second leading cancer‐related death in the United States, remains a global public health issue. Sporadic CRC is considered the result of sequential mucosal changes from normal colonic mucosa to adenocarcinoma. Efforts in understanding the molecular pathways leading to CRC tumorigenesis may lead to identifying novel, individually tailored therapeutic targets for patients. In this review, we focus on well‐published prognostic and predictive markers in CRC and examine their role in clinical practice. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:96–102. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does firm performance reveal its own causes? the role of Bayesian inference

A central problem in strategic management is how the inference ‘sustainable competitive advantage generates sustainable superior performance’ can be put into practice. In this article we develop a theoretical framework to understand the causal relationships among (1) sustainable competitive advantage, (2) configuration, (3) dynamic capability, and (4) sustainable superior performance. We propose that a firm's competitive advantage, resource bundle configuration, and dynamic learning capability cannot be comprehended by outsiders. Its operational performance, however, can be captured by financial indicators. We promote an inductive Bayesian interpretation of the sustainable competitive advantage proposition. From this viewpoint, the presence or absence of competitive advantage may be reflected in the causal relationship between resource configuration, dynamic capability, and observable financial performance. We apply this theoretical framework to an example drawn from the global semiconductor industry, an area in which resource configuration and dynamic capability are essential to performance. The paper concludes with a summary of the proposed model and suggestions for future theoretical development of strategic management. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[Brachial plexus block with levobupivacaine at the humeral canal: comparison of a small volume at high concentration with a large volume at low concentration].

OBJECTIVE To assess differences in the brachial plexus block in 2 groups who received the same dose of levobupivacaine: 1 group received a small volume of solution at high concentration and the other group received a large volume in solution at low concentration. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective, randomized clinical trial enrolling 69 patients scheduled for wrist and/or hand surgery with a brachial plexus block with levobupivacaine in the humeral canal. Nerve stimulation was used to locate a response from the 4 terminal nerves in the brachial plexus. In the group receiving a larger volume, 10 mL of a solution of levobupivacaine at a concentration of 0.375% was used for each nerve. In the high concentration group receiving a smaller volume, levobupivacaine was used at a concentration of 0.75% in 5 mL for each nerve. Sensory latency was assessed by the pin prick technique. Motor block, the success rate (percentage), and duration of sensory and motor blockades were also evaluated. RESULTS The full sensory block was significantly more efficacious in the large volume group than in the high concentration group (85.3% vs 51.6%, P = 0.003). A full motor block was reached in a small percentage of patients in both groups. There were no significant differences in latency or duration of block. CONCLUSIONS The success rate was lower in the group receiving the smaller volume at a higher concentration. It is advisable to administer local anesthetics in larger volumes at lower concentrations to improve block quality. Latency and duration were similar in both groups.
Prescreening Evaluation of a Brush-Based Faecal Immunochemical Test for Haemoglobin

OBJECTIVES To undertake a prescreening evaluation of a new brush-based faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin, relative to a traditional spatula-sampling immunochemical test. METHODS SETTING Patients aged between 24 and 90 years, scheduled to undergo diagnostic colonoscopy in two major urban hospitals, for a range of clinical indications. DESIGN Patients sampled three stools using a spatula for the reference FlexSure OBT test and two stools using a brush for the InSure test; order of sampling was randomised. Faecal haemoglobin was quantified by a modified InSure in a subset of patients to determine whether brush-sampling allowed discrimination between groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sensitivity for cancer or adenoma; false-positive rate in normals. Faecal haemoglobin levels. Preference for sampling method. RESULTS InSure and FlexSure OBT did not differ in their sensitivities for cancer (27/36, 75% vs 29/36, 80.5%, respectively), adenomas >or= 10 mm (12/29, 41.4% vs 13/29, 44.8%) or adenomas <10 mm (each 8/56, 14.3%). Likewise, false-positive rates in normals were similar: 4/179 (2.2%) and 5/179 (2.8%) respectively (specificities of 97.8% and 97.2%, respectively). Levels of faecal haemoglobin were highest in those with cancers; those with adenomas had intermediate levels which were also significantly higher than those in normals. The brush sampling method was preferred by 38/46 (82.6%), while 4/46 (8.7%) preferred the spatula (p<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS InSure is as sensitive and specific as FlexSure OBT for faecal haemoglobin. The novel stool-sampling method of InSure allows discrimination between normals and classes of neoplasia, and is highly preferred. The brush-sampling faecal immunochemical test InSure should now be evaluated in a screening population.
Trust management in mobile ad hoc network: A survey

The mobile ad hoc network and their concept is one of the most popular technologies now in these days. The wide range of applications are developed using this concept where the rapid development of network is required such disaster management and others. But according to the literature there are some issues are remain to fix such as security and performance. In this paper the security aspect of mobile ad hoc network is investigated. In addition of that for achieving the security different trust management techniques are also surveyed and reported with their summary. Finally for providing more suitable trust management some key issues of the traditional approaches are addressed and a new technique of trust computing is proposed. That in near future extended for solution development and new secures routing technique development.
Matlab based Simulink Model of Phasor Measurement Unit and Optimal Placement Strategy for PMU Placement

For the secure and reliable operation of the interconnected power system, it is required to measure and monitor the system in real time. Conventional Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition/Energy Management System (SCADA/EMS) obtain the data at interval of 2-10 sec. This paper gives an idea about Synchronized Phasor Measurement (SPM) based Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) placed at various locations in electrical power network. They are synchronized by the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. A Matlab based simulink model of the Phasor Measurement Unit and Phasor Data Concentrator for Data storage and a common reference time data is also developed in Matlab. Optimal PMU Placement in power system network is an important task. A PMU placement strategy is developed and analyzed on IEEE - 14 bus test system.
Prediction and Sequence Alignment of Fruit Dehiscence-Related Genes in Oilseed Rape

Fruit dehiscence for seed dispersal exists broadly in flowering plants including many important crops such as oilseed rape and soybean, which can cause yield reduction and succeeding crops contamination in crop production. Previous studies on model plant Arabidopsis have identified several transcriptional regulators required for fruit dehiscence. These transcriptional factors belong to bHLH or MADS-box genes families which have a range of different roles in plant cell and tissue development as well as plant metabolism. By using bioinformatics, we have predicted the homologous genes of fruit dehiscence-related genes in oilseed rape. The results of sequence alignment showed different degree of homology and their functions were discussed.
The measurement of memory in clinical practice.

A battery of tests for the measurement of memory is presented in three parallel forms. It allows for the quantitative assessment of four different memory functions, and their comparison by means of decile scores. These are: Digit Span, Non-Verbal Learning (Rey-Davis test), Word Learning and Delayed Recall. Differences in I.Q. cause differences in scores on all tests (especially Digit Span), but do not affect the test profile. Age affects performance on the tests of both Non-Verbal Learning and Delayed Recall. Organic cerebral pathology affects performance on the test of Delayed Recall out of all proportion to the other tests. For a diagnosis of organic cerebral pathology a comparison can be made between a S's weighted score on the Digit Span and Delayed Recall subtests. Differences of three points (or a raw score on Delayed Recall of more than ten) strongly suggests an organic memory disorder.