Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Source follower as filter block

Advantages of source follower based filters are discussed. The non-unity voltage gain of source follower and its effect to frequency response of a filter, as well as tuning capability due to gmb are presented base on source follower based structure from previous literature [1]. The practical feasibility to be implemented in high frequency is also analysed from the transfer function of the referred structure.
Supporting Versatility in Tangible User Interfaces Using Collections of Small Actuated Objects. (Interfaces tangibles polyvalentes à base de collections d'objets mobiles de petite taille)

In this dissertation, I present my work aiming at making tangible user interfaces more versatile with a higher degree of physicality, in order to bridge the gap between digital and physical worlds. To this end, I study and design systems which support interaction with digital information while better leveraging human hand capabilities. I start with an examination of the current related work, and highlight the need for further research towards more versatility with a higher degree of physicality. I argue that the specificity of existing systems tends to impair their usability and diffusion and induce a dependence on screens and other projections as media to represent the digital world. Building on lessons learned from previous work, I choose to focus my work on physical systems made of collections of generic and interactive objects. I articulate my research in four steps. Firstly, I present a study that compares tangible and multitouch interfaces to help assess potential benefits of physical objects. At the same time, I investigate the influence of object thickness on how users manipulate objects. Results suggest that conclusions from numerous previous studies need to be tempered, in particular regarding the advantages of physicality in terms of performance. These results however confirm that physicality improves user experience, due to the higher diversity of possible manipulations. As a second step, I present SmartTokens, a system based on small objects capable of detecting and recognizing user manipulations. I illustrate SmartTokens in a notification and personal task management scenario. In a third step, I introduce Swarm User Interfaces as a subclass of tangible user interfaces that are composed of collections of many interactive autonomous robots. To illustrate them, I present Zooids, an open-source open-hardware platform for developing tabletop Swarm User Interfaces. I demonstrate their potential and versatility through a set of application scenarios. I then describe their implementation, and clarify design considerations for Swarm User Interfaces. As a fourth step, I define composite data physicalizations and implement them using Zooids. I finally draw conclusions from the presented work, and open perspectives and directions for future work.
South Africa's new Cooperatives Act: A missed opportunity for small farmers and land reform beneficiaries

Abstract Agricultural cooperatives are often viewed as appropriate vehicles to facilitate vertical coordination with, or horizontal integration between, small farmers who would otherwise be excluded from value-adding opportunities and discerning markets. In South Africa, renewed interest in development-oriented cooperatives saw the introduction of a new Cooperatives Act in 2005, along with support measures dedicated to ‘emerging’ cooperatives. This paper contends that the architects of the new Act discounted important trends in international legislation that would have made development-oriented cooperatives more versatile and given their members better access to capital and expertise through equity partnerships with private agribusiness firms. It is concluded that the new Act should be amended to admit non-patron investors as members, and to allow for non-redeemable and hence appreciable and tradable shares. Such innovations are emerging internationally, usually with a cap on non-patron voting power.
Alcohol intake and severity of injuries on highways in Mexico: a comparative analysis.

AIMS To analyze the association between alcohol intake and the severity of injuries sustained from traffic accidents on a Mexican highway. DESIGN An observational unit evaluated drivers involved in auto accidents. SETTING Mexico-Cuernavaca Highway, Mexico. A 60 km-long road with many altitude variations and sharp curves. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred and eighty-six drivers involved in traffic accidents between March and September, 1994. MEASUREMENTS A questionnaire was applied to the driver, an occupant or witness at the site of the accident to collect information about the driver, vehicle characteristics, type of accident, day-night occurrence, road section (Mexico-Cuernavaca or Cuernavaca-Mexico) and weather conditions. A physical examination was carried out to determine the presence and severity of injuries. FINDINGS There were 177 injured people, including 12 deaths, with rates of 67.5 injuries and 4.58 deaths per 10,000 km driven. Variables associated with alcohol intake (p < 0.05) included: severity of injuries, non-use of seat belt, vehicle size and occurrence at night. Risk factors for severe injuries were: alcohol intake (adjusted OR 6.1 CI 95% 1.6-24.0); non-use of seat belt (OR 4.9 CI 2.2-10.8), age < 25 years (OR 3.6 CI 1.0-12.7), age > 54 years (OR 6.0 CI 1.4-25.0), speed > 90 km/h (OR 2.6 CI 1.1-6.3) and occurrence at night (OR 2.6 CI 1.3-5.3). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol intake is a major risk factor for severe injuries from highway traffic accidents. Its association with other risk factors such as non-use of seat belt and excessive speed suggests the importance of designing interventions aimed at reducing alcohol intake among automobile drivers.
Gbetagamma‐Mediated Signaling: New Therapeutic Target for Proliferative Vascular Disease

Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) severely affects the outcome of coronary artery bypass and angioplasty procedures, causing the failure of venous grafts or restenosis of the reopened vessel. Investigation into the mechanisms underlying the process of VSM cellular proliferation has provided evidence that intracellular signaling mechanisms triggered by extracellular hormonal factors acting through G protein‐coupled receptors, can mediate and sustain this pathological process. Inhibition of common pathways of G protein‐coupled receptor signaling has recently proven effective in preventing VSM cellular activation and proliferation. In particular, inhibition of the Gbetagamma‐mediated mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway results in the inhibition of VSM proliferation in vitro. Moreover, use of adenoviral vectors to deliver a peptide inhibitor of Gbetagamma signaling in vivo has resulted in inhibition of intimal hyperplasia in experimental models of vein‐graft failure and restenosis.
Heme oxygenase-1 induction by hemin protects liver cells from ischemia/reperfusion injury in cirrhotic rats.

AIM To investigate the potential protective effect of HO-1 on cirrhotic liver cells in rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats included in the current study were randomly divided into 5 groups as follows: normal (N) group; liver cirrhotic (LC) group; sham (S) group; I/R group and I/R + hemin group. The model for inducing liver cirrhosis in rats was established according to a previously published protocol. Following this the segmental hepatic ischemia reperfusion operation was carried out. The rats were treated with 30 micromol/kg hemin (HO-1 inducer, ferric portoporphyrin IX chloride) i.p. or 0.9% NaCl (control) 24 h and 12 h before hepatic ischemia for 30 min or sham laparotomy. Blood was collected for serum enzymatic measurement 6 and 12 h after reperfusion or sham laparotomy. HO-1, NF-kappaB and caspase-3 expressions were assessed by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The expressions of proteins are inversely correlated to the gray values. HO-1 expression in the I/R + hemin group was increased significantly than I/R group at 6 h and 12 h after hepatic I/R (6 h: 112.0 +/- 8.3 vs 125.1 +/- 5.7, P < 0.01; 12 h: 120.8 +/- 11.0 vs 132.4 +/- 6.2, P < 0.01). Hemin improved serum manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) (6 h: 131.3 +/- 17.6 vs 107.0 +/- 13.9, P < 0.01; 12 h: 141.4 +/- 12.5 vs 118.3 +/- 10.2, P < 0.01), lessened liver cell injury, decreased caspase-3(6 h: 166.7 +/- 8.1 vs 145.5 +/- 14.6, P < 0.01; 12 h: 172.8 +/- 3.8 vs 148.0 +/- 6.5, P < 0.01) and NF-kappaB expression (6 h: 150.2 +/- 8.6 vs 139.7 +/- 6.0, P < 0.01; 12 h: 151.1 +/- 5.9 vs 148.1 +/- 5.3, P > 0.05) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (6 h: 413.3 +/- 104.1 vs 626.8 +/- 208.2, P < 0.01; 12 h: 322.2 +/- 98.8 vs 425.8 +/- 115.4, P < 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (6 h: 665.2 +/- 70.1 vs 864.3 +/- 70.4, P < 0.01; 12 h: 531.1 +/- 98.6 vs 664.4 +/- 115.6, P < 0.01), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (6 h: 11.1 +/- 2.17 vs 13.5 +/- 2.01, P < 0.01; 12 h: 9.36 +/- 1.10 vs 10.8 +/- 1.62, P < 0.05) in the I/R + hemin group when compared with the I/R group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that HO-1 plays an important role in protecting liver cells from hepatic I/R injury in cirrhotic rats by decreasing oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation.
FIRST Examining the Health Effects of Fructose

IN THE 1990S, EXCESSIVE FAT CONSUMPTION WAS COMmonly believed to be the main cause of obesity. High sugar consumption was often considered to be innocuous and possibly protective against obesity by displacing dietary fat. A decade later, the American Heart Association linked intake of added sugars to weight gain and recommended substantial decreases in consumption to a daily maximum of 100 kcal for women and 150 kcal for men. Some experts now argue that sugar comprises the single most important cause of the worldwide epidemics of obesity and diabetes, primarily through the effects of fructose at prevailing levels of consumption. This Viewpoint examines the physiological effects of common sugars and argues against a narrow public health focus on fructose.
Murine Norovirus Replication Induces G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest in Asynchronously Growing Cells

ABSTRACT Many viruses replicate most efficiently in specific phases of the cell cycle, establishing or exploiting favorable conditions for viral replication, although little is known about the relationship between caliciviruses and the cell cycle. Microarray and Western blot analysis of murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1)-infected cells showed changes in cyclin transcript and protein levels indicative of a G1 phase arrest. Cell cycle analysis confirmed that MNV-1 infection caused a prolonging of the G1 phase and an accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase. The accumulation in G0/G1 phase was caused by a reduction in cell cycle progression through the G1/S restriction point, with MNV-1-infected cells released from a G1 arrest showing reduced cell cycle progression compared to mock-infected cells. MNV-1 replication was compared in populations of cells synchronized into specific cell cycle phases and in asynchronously growing cells. Cells actively progressing through the G1 phase had a 2-fold or higher increase in virus progeny and capsid protein expression over cells in other phases of the cell cycle or in unsynchronized populations. These findings suggest that MNV-1 infection leads to prolonging of the G1 phase and a reduction in S phase entry in host cells, establishing favorable conditions for viral protein production and viral replication. There is limited information on the interactions between noroviruses and the cell cycle, and this observation of increased replication in the G1 phase may be representative of other members of the Caliciviridae. IMPORTANCE Noroviruses have proven recalcitrant to growth in cell culture, limiting our understanding of the interaction between these viruses and the infected cell. In this study, we used the cell-culturable MNV-1 to show that infection of murine macrophages affects the G1/S cell cycle phase transition, leading to an arrest in cell cycle progression and an accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, we show that MNV replication is enhanced in the G1 phase compared to other stages of the cell cycle. Manipulating the cell cycle or adapting to cell cycle responses of the host cell is a mechanism to enhance virus replication. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a norovirus interacting with the host cell cycle and exploiting the favorable conditions of the G0/G1 phase for RNA virus replication.
Surface texturing for silicon solar cells using reactive ion etching technique

Surface texturing is an effective and more lasting technique in reducing reflections and improving light trapping compared to antireflection coatings. A surface texturing technique using reactive ion etching (RIE) method suitable for crystalline and multi crystalline solar cells, which resulted in surfaces with negligible reflection in the visible band is described. Different texturing structures (pillars, holes and black silicon) have been studied and compared in the wavelength range from 250nm-2500nm. It is found that the reflectance of the textured column structures were less than 0.4% at wavelengths from 500 nm to 1000 nm and showed a minimum of 0.29% at 1000 nm while the reflectivity from black silicon is around 1% and hole structures is around 6.8% in the same wavelength range.
Assessment of the dose reduction potential of a model-based iterative reconstruction algorithm using a task-based performance metrology.

PURPOSE Different computed tomography (CT) reconstruction techniques offer different image quality attributes of resolution and noise, challenging the ability to compare their dose reduction potential against each other. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the task-based imaging performance of CT systems to enable the assessment of the dose performance of a model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) to that of an adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) and a filtered back projection (FBP) technique. METHODS The ACR CT phantom (model 464) was imaged across a wide range of mA setting on a 64-slice CT scanner (GE Discovery CT750 HD, Waukesha, WI). Based on previous work, the resolution was evaluated in terms of a task-based modulation transfer function (MTF) using a circular-edge technique and images from the contrast inserts located in the ACR phantom. Noise performance was assessed in terms of the noise-power spectrum (NPS) measured from the uniform section of the phantom. The task-based MTF and NPS were combined with a task function to yield a task-based estimate of imaging performance, the detectability index (d'). The detectability index was computed as a function of dose for two imaging tasks corresponding to the detection of a relatively small and a relatively large feature (1.5 and 25 mm, respectively). The performance of MBIR in terms of the d' was compared with that of ASIR and FBP to assess its dose reduction potential. RESULTS Results indicated that MBIR exhibits a variability spatial resolution with respect to object contrast and noise while significantly reducing image noise. The NPS measurements for MBIR indicated a noise texture with a low-pass quality compared to the typical midpass noise found in FBP-based CT images. At comparable dose, the d' for MBIR was higher than those of FBP and ASIR by at least 61% and 19% for the small feature and the large feature tasks, respectively. Compared to FBP and ASIR, MBIR indicated a 46%-84% dose reduction potential, depending on task, without compromising the modeled detection performance. CONCLUSIONS The presented methodology based on ACR phantom measurements extends current possibilities for the assessment of CT image quality under the complex resolution and noise characteristics exhibited with statistical and iterative reconstruction algorithms. The findings further suggest that MBIR can potentially make better use of the projections data to reduce CT dose by approximately a factor of 2. Alternatively, if the dose held unchanged, it can improve image quality by different levels for different tasks.
On consensus among identical linear systems using input-decoupled functional observers

The consensus problem among identical linear systems under relative sensing is considered. We propose a method to design dynamic feedback laws depending on relative output measures between the individual systems, that ensure temporal coincidence of the output trajectory of all members of the group. Our method is based on functional input-decoupled observers and a static feedback. The two design steps can be performed independently with independent robustness features.
Liquid Chromatography Tandem-mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) - Technique and Applications in Endocrinology

In recent years, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has emerged as an innovative analytical technology applicable to a wide number of analyses in the endocrinology laboratory. Compared to the "traditional" technique of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), LC-MS/MS is easier to use and is applicable for a substantially larger number of relevant analytes. With the development of LC-MS/MS, the widespread application of the proven principle of isotope dilution mass spectrometry is now feasible not only in research but also for routine applications. The aim of this review is to explain the basic technical principles of LC-MS/MS, to describe the general characteristics of analytical LC-MS/MS applications and to comprehensively discuss the application of this technology in the field of endocrinology.
Comparative Analysis of Various Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonists on Shear-Induced Platelet Activation and Adhesion

Platelet accretion into arterial thrombus in stenotic arterial vessels involves shear-induced platelet activation and adhesion. The Cone and Plate(let) Analyzer (CPA) is designed to simulate such conditions in vitro under a rotating high shear rate in whole blood. In the present study, we evaluated various experimental conditions (including aspirin, temperature, and calcium concentration) and investigated the effects of small molecules along with peptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists on platelet adhesion using the CPA system. Concentration-dependent effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists on shear-induced platelet adhesion showed marked differences in potencies: IC50 = 34, 35, 91, 438, and 606 nM for DPC802 (a specific glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist), roxifiban, sibrafiban, lotrafiban, and orbofiban (free acid forms), respectively, and IC50 values of 43, 430, and 5781 nM for abciximab, tirofiban, and eptifibatide, respectively. Parallel study was also conducted to evaluate the effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors using optical aggregometry. The potency of fibans in blocking shear-induced platelet adhesion correlated well with their binding affinity to the resting and activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors, as well as their “off-rates”. Nevertheless, none of these fibans was able to effectively block shear-induced platelet adhesion at targeted clinical dosing regimens except for abciximab. These data suggest that glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists that show similar efficacy in the inhibition of platelet aggregation in a static in vitro assay may differ substantially in a shear-based system of platelet adhesion. The clinical significance of this phenomenon awaits further investigation.
Airgun pellet injuries of the neck

Abstract Penetrating injuries of the neck are a cause of retropharyngeal abscess. Should a foreign body become lodged in the retropharyngeal tissues its removal may avoid this complication, but surgery can in itself be hazardous. Between 10 and 15 per cent of cases of retropharyngeal cellulitis resulting from whatever cause do not progress to abscess formation if treated conservatively. Consequently, it is important to have evidence of abscess formation before surgery is undertaken, as illustrated by this paper in the form of a case report and a review of the current literature.
K-12 Teacher Support for Computer Science Principles: An Introduction to the UTeach Course, Thriving in Our Digital World: AP (Abstract Only)

Thriving in Our Digital World: AP provides high school teachers a complete, classroom-ready curriculum, including custom online resources and flexible curricular materials, designed to satisfy the College Board's requirements for its new course, AP Computer Science Principles. Organized in a series of project-based modules, the course focuses on current areas of research among real-world computer scientists, including Big Data, digital manipulation, and data security. Beginning in Summer 2016, UTeach--the highly successful STEM teacher preparation program that began at The University of Texas at Austin in 1997 and is now being replicated nationwide--will offer professional development, ongoing support, and incentives for teachers to teach the course. UTeach's PD model encourages the participation of teachers with a variety of backgrounds and levels of experience, and leverages participating teachers' diverse areas of expertise to improve PD and support opportunities for all participants. Individuals who teach Thriving in Our Digital World: AP will join a national community of educators dedicated to improving K-12 computer science education and better engaging girls and other historically underrepresented groups in computing. K-12 educators and school and district administrators should plan to attend this hands-on workshop. Presenters will engage participants in demonstration lessons and activities, and participants will leave with materials and handouts that are directly relevant to K-12 computer science classrooms. Laptops are required.
Evidence for the involvement of two different MHC class II regions in susceptibility or protection in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

BACKGROUND Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a disease with uncertain pathology. Studies have suggested a pathogenic role for T(H)2 cells. Previously, we demonstrated, in a small group of patients, that T(H)2 reactivity to a major Aspergillus fumigatus antigen was restricted by HLA-DR2 or HLA-DR5 alleles. OBJECTIVES We sought to confirm whether susceptibility to ABPA is exclusively associated with HLA-DR locus and to investigate the involvement of HLA-DQ genes in the development of ABPA. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from patients with ABPA, patients without ABPA but with positive A fumigatus skin test responses and asthma or cystic fibrosis, and healthy control subjects. HLA-DR and HLA-DQ genes were detected by using low-resolution typing; high-resolution typing was done only on HLA-DR2- and HLA-DR5-positive individuals by using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). RESULTS A significantly higher frequency of HLA-DR2 was observed in patients with ABPA versus those without ABPA (corrected P <.01) or healthy control subjects (corrected P <.01). Genotype analysis revealed that susceptibility to ABPA is associated with HLA-DR2 alleles DRB1*1503 and DRB1*1501 and, to a lesser extent, with the HLA-DR5 allele DRB1*1104. The presence of DR4 or DR7 alleles in non-DR2/5 patients with ABPA suggests that these alleles may also be contributing factors in this disease. Another striking observation was the significantly high frequency of HLA-DQ2 in patients without ABPA (67. 4%) compared with patients with ABPA (20.5%) and normal control subjects (37.7%), suggesting that these alleles may confer protection in the population without ABPA. CONCLUSION These genetic studies suggest that HLA-DR molecules DR2, DR5, and possibly DR4 or DR7 contribute to susceptibility while HLA-DQ2 contributes to resistance and that a combination of these genetic elements determines the outcome of ABPA in patients with cystic fibrosis and asthma.