Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduces Prostate SpecificAntigen Secretion and Viabilityof ProstateCancerCells

BACKGROUND. Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I (SR-BI) facilitates influx of cholesterol to the cell from lipoproteins in the circulation. This influx of cholesterol may be important for many cellular functions, including synthesis of androgens. Castration-resistant prostate cancer tumors are able to synthesize androgens de novo in order to supplement the loss of exogenous sources often induced by androgen deprivation therapy. Silencing of SR-BI may impact the ability of prostate cancer cells, particularly those of castration-resistant state, to maintain the intracellular supply of androgens by removing a supply of cholesterol. METHODS. SR-BI expression was knocked down using small interfering RNA in LNCaP and C4-2 cells. The effect of down-regulation of SR-BI on PSA production, cell toxicity, and cell viability was measured in both cell types. In addition, compensatory cholesterol synthesis activity was measured using the radiolabeled precursor, C-acetate. RESULTS. SR-BI protein expression is higher basally in C4-2 cells than LNCaP cells. Silencing of SR-BI expression to greater than 85% reduced PSA production in LNCaP and C4-2 SRBI-KD cells by 55% and 58% compared to negative control cells, respectively. SR-BI-KD C4-2 cells demonstrated significantly reduced cell viability (>25%) compared the NC cells. CONCLUSIONS. The down-regulation of SR-BI significantly impacts PSA production of prostate cancer cells, as well as the viability of C4-2 cells in the presence and absence of HDL. This may indicate a deficiency in cholesterol availability to the androgen synthesis pathway or may implicate a role for SR-BI in prostate cancer signal transduction pathways. Prostate 72:955–965, 2012. # 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Strategic Management and the Illegality: a case study on the fighting against piracy in Brazil

Multinational companies that suffer from the impact of piracy must recognize the important social and political differences between the local market and the international market to formulate their integrated market and nonmarket strategies. Little is known about the extent to which piracy affects the processes of strategic management of multinational companies operating in emerging countries, where institutional failures restrict the market, or about the type of nonmarket activities used by these companies to achieve their goals of political action. To study this phenomenon, three multinational pharmaceutical companies suffering from illegality were investigated. The evidences of the survey showed that there is a global strategic integration – market and nonmarket (BARON, 1995a). The companies that suffer from piracy tend to use a geocentric structure (PELMUTTER, 1969) formulating nonmarket centralized strategies with the support of specialists to maximize resources. Locally, the subsidiaries implement the global nonmarket strategies, choosing to perform collective activities - independently of the amount of resources available (HILMANN; HITT, 1999).
Rapid acquisition adaptive amino acid substitutions involved in the virulence enhancement of an H 1 N 2 avian influenza virus in mice Running title : Adaptation of an H 1 N 2 avian influenza virus in mice

Although H1N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) only infect birds, documented cases of swine infection with H1N2 influenza viruses suggest this subtype AIV may pose a potential threat to mammals. Here, we generated mouse-adapted variants of a H1N2 AIV to identify adaptive changes that increased virulence in mammals. MLD50 of the variants were reduced >1000-fold compared to the parental virus. Variants displayed enhanced replication in vitro and in vivo, and replicate in extrapulmonary organs. These data show that enhanced replication capacity and expanded tissue tropism may increase the virulence of H1N2 AIV in mice. Sequence analysis revealed multiple amino acid substitutions in the PB2 (L134H, I647L, and D701N), HA (G228S), and M1 (D231N) proteins. These results indicate that H1N2 AIV can rapidly acquire adaptive amino acid 3 substitutions in mammalian hosts, and these amino acid substitutions collaboratively enhance the ability of H1N2 AIV to replicate and cause severe disease in mammals.
9395 TITLE : Tropomyosin-l , A Novel Class II Tumor Suppressor and a Biomarker of Human Breast Cancer

Changes in the expression of microfilament-associated proteins such as tropomyosins (TMs), are associated with the transformed phenotype. Our previous work demonstrated: 1. the loss of expression of tropomyosin1 (TM 1) is a common biochemical event found in many malignantly transformed cells, and; 2. TM l is a suppressor of the malignant phenotype induced by retroviral oncogenes. We also showed that TM1 expression is consistently abolished in the human breast carcinoma cell lines. In this work we have tested the hypothesis that TM1 is a tumor suppressor of breast cancer. MCF-7 cells, which have lost the expression of TM1, were utilized as a model of human breast cancer. Restoration of TM 1 expression in MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/T) resulted in slower growth rate, but remain sensitive to growth control by estrogen. More significantly, MCF-7/T cells failed to grow under anchorage-independent conditions. TM1 re-expression alters the interaction of E-cadherin-catenin complex with the cytoskeleton, indicating that TM 1-induced microfilaments could play a significant role in suppression of the malignant phenotype. Thus, TM1 appears to be essential for normal growth and differentiation of mammary epithelium.
as a nuclear localization signal The double-stranded RNA binding domain of human Dicer functions Material Supplemental

Dicer is a key player in microRNA (miRNA) and RNA interference (RNAi) pathways, processing miRNA precursors and doublestranded RNA into ∼21-nt-long products ultimately triggering sequence-dependent gene silencing. Although processing of substrates in vertebrate cells occurs in the cytoplasm, there is growing evidence suggesting Dicer is also present and functional in the nucleus. To address this possibility, we searched for a nuclear localization signal (NLS) in human Dicer and identified its C-terminal double-stranded RNA binding domain (dsRBD) as harboring NLS activity. We show that the dsRBD-NLS can mediate nuclear import of a reporter protein via interaction with importins β, 7, and 8. In the context of full-length Dicer, the dsRBD-NLS is masked. However, duplication of the dsRBD localizes the full-length protein to the nucleus. Furthermore, deletion of the N-terminal helicase domain results in partial accumulation of Dicer in the nucleus upon leptomycin B treatment, indicating that CRM1 contributes to nuclear export of Dicer. Finally, we demonstrate that human Dicer has the ability to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. We conclude that Dicer is a shuttling protein whose steady-state localization is cytoplasmic.
Finite-dimensional twisted group algebras of semi-wild representation type

Let G be a finite group, K a field of characteristic p > 0, and KG the twisted group algebra of G over K with a 2-cocycle λ ∈ Z2(G,K∗). We give necessary and sufficient conditions for KG to be of semi-wild representation type in the sense of Drozd. We also introduce the concept of projectiveK-representation type for a finite group (tame, semi-wild, purely semi-wild) and we exhibit finite groups of each type. Introduction. Let K be a field, K̂ the separable closure of K, and A, B algebras over K. Denote by Bim(A,B) the set of all A-B-bimodules M such that M is a free right module of finite rank over B. Let F = K̂〈t1, t2〉 be the free associative K̂-algebra of polynomials in two non-commutting indeterminates t1, t2 with coefficients in K̂. We recall from [9] that a finite-dimensional K-algebra A is said to be of semi-wild representation type (briefly, A is semi-wild) if there is M ∈ Bim(A,F ) such that for any N ∈ Bim(F, K̂) there exist only a finite number of non-isomorphic Ni ∈ Bim(F, K̂) with M ⊗F N ∼= M ⊗F Ni. If, moreover, M ⊗F N ∼= M ⊗F N ′ implies N ∼= N ′, we say that the algebra A is of wild representation type (briefly, A is wild). We recall that the paper by Simson [22] gives various notions of wildness of an algebra A and discusses relations between them. A detailed description of basic concepts of the theory of tame and wild representation types of algebras over an algebraically closed field can be found in monographs by Simson [21] and Simson and Skowroński [23]. Let K be a field of characteristic p > 0, G a finite group and p | |G|. Higman [14] proved that the group algebra KG is of finite representation type if and only if Sylow p-subgroups of G are cyclic. Bashev [5] and Heller and Reiner [13] have determined indecomposable representations of KG in the case when p = 2 andG is the group of type (2, 2). Kruglyak showed in [17] that if p > 2 and G is a non-cyclic p-group, then KG is wild. Brenner [8] has 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 16G60; Secondary 20C20, 20C25.
Protein Expression in Pig Species Longissimus dorsi Muscles among Different Breeds and Growth Stages

When proteins extracted from longissimus dorsi muscles of Landrace and Berkshire at the finishing stage were compared by 2-DE, the Landrace demonstrated a quantitative increase in proteins related to slow skeletal muscle function, such as serum albumin precursor, troponin T (slow skeletal muscle; sTnT) and myoglobin. In contrast, the Berkshire exhibited comparatively elevated enzymes involved in metabolic pathways, fast skeletal muscle function, and energy production, such as heat shock 27-kDa protein (HSP27)-1, TnT (fast skeletal muscle; fTnT), muscle creatine kinase, phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1), triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi1) and adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 (AK1). When compared to growing Berkshire, finishing Berkshire showed increased levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member L1 (ALDHL1), and muscle creatine kinase. In contrast, the growing Berkshire muscle had elevated levels of HSP27-1, sTnT, fTnT, serum albumin precursor, PGM1, AK1, and Tpi 1 as compared to the finishing Berkshire. The Landrace longissimus dorsi muscle may be composed of slower skeletal muscle, whereas Berkshire is composed of a faster skeletal muscle. The uniquely elevated quantities of proteins involved in skeletal muscle function, energy metabolism, and cytoskeleton function in the growing Berkshire indicate that these factors support growth and maintenance during the growing stage when compared with the finishing Berkshire.
Digital Baseband Precoder RF Chain RF Chain Mapping Via Analog RF Precoder

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications has been regarded as a key enabling technology for 5G networks, as it offers orders of magnitude greater spectrum than current cellular bands. In contrast to conventional multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems, precoding in mmWave MIMO cannot be performed entirely at baseband using digital precoders, as only a limited number of signal mixers and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) can be supported considering their cost and power consumption. As a cost-effective alternative, a hybrid precoding transceiver architecture, combining a digital precoder and an analog precoder, has recently received considerable attention. However, the optimal design of such hybrid precoders has not been fully understood. In this paper, treating the hybrid precoder design as a matrix factorization problem, effective alternating minimization (AltMin) algorithms will be proposed for two different hybrid precoding structures, i.e., the fully-connected and partially-connected structures. In particular, for the fullyconnected structure, an AltMin algorithm based on manifold optimization is proposed to approach the performance of the fully digital precoder, which, however, has a high complexity. Thus, a low-complexity AltMin algorithm is then proposed, by enforcing an orthogonal constraint on the digital precoder. Furthermore, for the partially-connected structure, an AltMin algorithm is also developed with the help of semidefinite relaxation. For practical implementation, the proposed AltMin algorithms are further extended to the broadband setting with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. Simulation results will demonstrate significant performance gains of the proposed AltMin algorithms over existing hybrid precoding algorithms. Moreover, based on the proposed algorithms, simulation comparisons between the two hybrid precoding structures will provide valuable design insights.
No Tradeoff between Sexual and Asexual Investments in the Sea Anemone Aiptasia pulchella (Anthozoa: Actiniaria)

Classic examples of tradeoffs between sexual and asexual reproduction include rotifers, aphids, and water fleas, in which reproduction is either sexual or asexual depending on the season. In marine organisms capable of simultaneously reproducing in both modes, the same rules presumably apply despite a lack of evidence. In this study, we analyzed the sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella in southern Taiwan, which continuously produces asexual lacerates from pedal disks while developing gonads in the mesenteries. Investments in the 2 reproductive modes under different feeding frequencies, local densities, temperatures/photoperiods, and light intensities/presence of zooxanthellae were compared. Three of the 4 above comparisons revealed simultaneous increases in both reproductive investments, whereas no correlation was observed in controlling photoperiod and temperature. There may be little competition for resources when both reproductive modes are simultaneously exhibited. The critical resource that results in classic examples of tradeoff is apparently not energy or materials, but rather the organs shared by the 2 reproductive modes.
Chandima with Congeners Shorter-Duration Curative Monotherapy Tuberculosis : a Theoretical Basis for Parameters ' ' Wobble ' ' during Treatment of Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Thioridazine

Published Ahead of Print 16 September 2013. 10.1128/AAC.00829-13. 2013, 57(12):5870. DOI: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. Leff, Jotam Pasipanodya and Tawanda Gumbo Wasana Siyambalapitiyage Dona, Claudia Meek, Richard Sandirai Musuka, Shashikant Srivastava, Chandima with Congeners Shorter-Duration Curative Monotherapy Tuberculosis: a Theoretical Basis for Parameters ''Wobble'' during Treatment of Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Thioridazine
Major East Asian Subpopulations With Comparison to Caucasians and Africans Genetic Variation in Metabolizing Enzyme and Transporter Genes : Comprehensive Assessment in 3

http://jcp.sagepub. com/content/50/8/929 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/0091270009355161 2010 50: 929 originally published online 19 February 2010 J Clin Pharmacol Sandra Close, Stephen Wise and Richard Hockett Michael Man, Mark Farmen, Carmen Dumaual, Choo Hua Teng, Brian Moser, Shin Irie, Gyu Jeong Noh, Reuben Njau, Major East Asian Subpopulations With Comparison to Caucasians and Africans Genetic Variation in Metabolizing Enzyme and Transporter Genes : Comprehensive Assessment in 3
Distinctive Pellicle , is Related to icronuclearia

e report the ultrastructure, 18S and 28S rDNA sequences, and phylogenetic position of a distinctive ree-living heterotrophic filose protist, Rigifila ramosa n. gen., n. sp. , from a freshwater paddyfield. Rigila lacks cilia and has a semi-rigid, radially symmetric, well-rounded, partially microtubule-supported, orsal pellicle, and flat mitochodrial cristae. From a central aperture in a ventral depression emerges protoplasmic stem that branches into several branching filopodia that draw bacteria to it. Electron icroscopy reveals a general cell structure similar to Micronuclearia, the only non-flagellate previusly known in Apusozoa; the large basal vacuole is probably an unusual giant contractile vacuole. hylogenetic analysis of concatenated rDNA sequences groups Rigifila and Micronuclearia as sisters ith maximal statistical support. However, novel morphological differences unique to Rigifila, notably double (not single) proteinaceous layer beneath the cell membrane, and cortical microtubules, lead s to place it in a new family Rigifilidae. Our morphological and molecular analyses show that Rigifila is he closest known relative of Micronuclearia. Therefore we group Micronucleariidae and Rigifilidae as new order Rigifilida within the existing class Hilomonadea, which now excludes planomonads. Rigilida groups weakly with Collodictyon (Diphyllatea). We discuss the possible relationships of Rigifilida o other Apusozoa and Diphyllatea. 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Results CD 44 s Is Up-regulated in Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma and Associated With Patients ’ Overall Survival

Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Hainan Medical College Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China; Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China; Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas; and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Cancers Depleted − Kinase / Phosphatase : Potential for Targeting SHP-1 Genetic Screening for Synthetic Lethal Partners of Polynucleotide

A genetic screen using a library of 6,961 siRNAs led to the identification of SHP-1 (PTPN6), a tumor suppressor frequently mutated in malignant lymphomas, leukemias, and prostate cancer, as a potential synthetic lethal partner of the DNA repair protein polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase (PNKP). After confirming the partnership with SHP-1, we observed that codepletion of PNKP and SHP-1 induced apoptosis. A T-cell lymphoma cell line that is SHP-1 deficient (Karpas 299) was shown to be sensitive to a chemical inhibitor of PNKP, but resistance was restored by expression of wild-type SHP-1 in these cells. We determined that while SHP-1 depletion does not significantly impact DNA strand-break repair, it does amplify the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevate endogenous DNA damage. The ROS scavenger WR1065 afforded protection to SHP-1–depleted cells treated with the PNKP inhibitor. We propose that codisruption of SHP-1 and PNKP leads to an increase in DNA damage that escapes repair, resulting in the accumulation of cytotoxic double-strand breaks and induction of apoptosis. This supports an alternative paradigm for synthetic lethal partnerships that could be exploited therapeutically. Cancer Res; 72(22); 5934–44. 2012 AACR.
The University of Chicago Paleontology and the Comparative Method : Ancestral Node Reconstructions versus Observed

Comparative methods are used to reconstruct ancestral node values for continuously varying traits. The confidence intervals (CIs) around such estimates may be wider than the range of tip data from which they are calculated. Without historical data with which to compare estimates, it is not clear whether such broad CIs reflect evolutionary lability or methodological imprecision. In this study, a fully resolved phylogeny of fossil carnivorans, in which observed samples are found not only at the tree tips but also along branches and at nodes, is used to compare observed ancestral node values with node estimates based on a Brownian motion model of evolution. As in previous studies, the CIs surrounding node estimates were wider than the range of tree tip values, but observed values fell well within them, reasonably close to the values predicted by comparative methods. Confidence intervals calculated using paleontological rate estimates were comparable to those calculated using only terminal taxa. This implies that evolution of at least some traits is conservative enough for node reconstruction techniques to be useful, despite their large standard errors. The Brownian motion model of evolutionary change was a good predictor of node values.
Overview of the Sustainable Uses of Peat Soil in Malaysia with Some Relevant Geotechnical Assessments

Peat soil is an important ecosystem that provides a significant contribution to the global climate stability. In Malaysia, peat soils are considered as a soil with little economic benefit, apart from it being used for agricultural activity. The total world coverage of peat soil is about thirty million hectares with Canada and Russia having the largest distribution of peat (Zainorabiddin,2010). More than sixty percent of the world’s tropical peat lands are found in South-East Asia (Lette,2006). Most notable are the large peat land on the islands of Borneo (belonging to Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei) and Sumatra (Indonesia). However, there are also significant occurrences in other parts of Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand and the Philippines. The main contributory functions and benefits of peat soil are within the engineering disciplines of hydrology, agriculture, social-economics, biodiversity habitats and carbon sequestration. Peat was used in temperate climates (especially in Finland, Ireland, Sweden and UK) as a fuel to generate electricity and heat. Therefore peat can be considered as a renewable energy source but this will be very detrimental to the market of genuine renewables. The western coastal lowlands of Malaysia (such as Kukup) are mangroves that represent the initiation of peat soil formation. Such areas provide the natural habitat of mangrove forests. It also fixes more carbon from the atmosphere than is released and approximately one-quarter of the carbon stored in land plants and soils. On the other hand, peat is one of the problematic or challenging foundation soil of poor quality due to it’s very high water content, high compressibility and low shear strength. Peat consists of decomposed plant fragments and the unfavourable characteristics of peat soil deposits make them unsuitable for making sustainable infrastructure development for varied engineering projects. This paper therefore gives an overview of the pros and cons debate of sustainability aspects and in the light of the challenges it poses to infrastructure development in Malaysia.
Artist-Guided Semiautomatic Animation Colorization

There is a delicate balance between automating repetitive work in creative domains while staying true to an artist's vision. The animation industry regularly outsources large animation workloads to foreign countries where labor is inexpensive and long hours are common. Automating part of this process can be incredibly useful for reducing costs and creating manageable workloads for major animation studios and outsourced artists. We present a method for automating line art colorization by keeping artists in the loop to successfully reduce this workload while staying true to an artist's vision. By incorporating color hints and temporal information to an adversarial image-to-image framework, we show that it is possible to meet the balance between automation and authenticity through artist's input to generate colored frames with temporal consistency.