Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Lajeunesse Model with other Used Bed Load Models - Effects on River Morphological Changes

Among the phenomena that greatly influence the river morphology is the sediment transport, especially the bed load mode causing a significant changes in the river morphology. Indeed, the choice of a model or a methodology that can better quantify sediment transport, remains always poorly understood. In this context, a new approach to studying the morphological evolution of rivers is proposed by Charru in 2004, it is based on a model for the erosion and deposition of the particles under laminar flow. In 2006, Charru proposes an extension of this model to turbulent flow. In more advanced research, Lajeunesse in 2010, realizes an experimental study to support the erosion deposition model of Charru, and proposes a new formula to calculate the bed load transport rate. The current research focuses on the effects of bed load transport on the morphological changes in rivers. In the first part, a comparative analysis of empirical laws of bed load transport with experimental data was conducted, in order to test and validate the new bed load model proposed by Lajeunesse, then to check the grain size effect on the sediment transport capacity. In the second part, we are interested in the study of the morphological evolution in rivers. It was performed through numerical modeling using TELEMAC 2D coupled with SISYPHE. The aim is to understand and analyze the morphological changes in the channel bottom. The analysis of the results presented in this paper showed that through the calculated score, most formulas give satisfactory results. In particular at the grain scale, the new bed load transport relation of Lajeunesse, provides an excellent fit to the experimental data. Finally, we were interested in the study of the morphological changes in the channel bottom, it appers clear that the bed load transport has large impacts on river morphology.
Switchgrass Growth and Effects on Biomass Accumulation, Moisture Content, and Nutrient Removal

1359 Cellulosic biofuels are potential alternatives to fossil fuels as biofuels can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 60% compared to the petroleum-based fuels being displaced, and can increase rural economic development. Switchgrass has received much attention as a herbaceous cellulosic crop whose versatility ranges from use as (i) a biomass feedstock for biofuel; to (ii) a forage crop for hay and grazing; and (iii) habitat for wildlife (Wolf and Fiske, 1995). Such versatility and large biomass yield potential on land considered marginal for row-crop production, lend fl exibility to producers’ responses to variations in biomass, forage, and livestock markets (McLaughlin et al., 1999; Vogel et al., 2002; Popp and Nalley, 2015). Switchgrass is a drought-tolerant, warm-season perennial grass whose robust crown and root mass protects soil from erosion and increases C storage (Parrish and Fike, 2005; Sanderson et al., 1996). Switchgrass is also effi cient at converting mineral nutrients to harvestable biomass with low nutrient removal rates (Vogel et al., 2002). Most switchgrass biomass yield trials have focused on batch harvests to ascertain accumulated growth in one-cut (usually end of season) or two-cut (mid-summer plus end-of-season) systems (Sanderson et al., 1996). A single late-season harvest at the mature-seed or post-frost senescence stage has emerged as the harvest strategy that provides consistently large yields over time with the lowest nutrient removal (Parrish and Fike, 2005). Biorefi neries would likely require biomass contractors to spread feedstock deliveries across many months to optimize processing capacity and minimize on-site storage (Cahill et al., 2014). Th us a wide span of switchgrass harvest times ranging from fl owering in late summer to late winter is a possible scenario. Postponing harvests from fall to late winter–early spring entails a trade-off between yield and feedstock quality. Ashworth et al. (2016) observed a 22% reduction in biomass yields from mid-November to late February across two fi eld sites in Tennessee owing to greater leaf loss and weathering of plant tissue. Adler et al. (2006) reported that delaying switchgrass harvest from mid-fall to early spring in Pennsylvania reduced Switchgrass Growth and Effects on Biomass Accumulation, Moisture Content, and Nutrient Removal
Protective effect of ghrelin on paracetamol induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats

In this study we investigated if ghrelin plays a protective role against paracetamol-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats and the possible mechanism of action. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four equal groups; control, ghrelin, paracetamol and ghrelin plus paracetamol. Evaluations were made for lipid peroxidation, enzyme activities and biochemical parameters. Liver histopathology was also performed. Paracetamol (PCM) treatment increased plasma and liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) content and plasma nitric oxide (NO) level, and decreased erythrocyte and liver tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities when compared to control group. At the same time, PCM treatment increased the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. By contrast, ghrelin pretreatment reduced plasma and liver MDA content and plasma NO level, and increased erythrocyte, liver tissue SOD, CAT and GPx activities when compared with paracetamol-treated group. The PCM-induced histopathological changes were also reduced by the ghrelin pretreatment. In conclusion, our results proved that ghrelin was found to protect the liver against paracetamol-induced oxidative damage in rats and the hepatoprotective effect may be correlated with its antioxidant effect. Key words: Antioxidant, ghrelin, hepatoprotective, hepatotoxicity, paracetamol.
Informal institutional constraints and their impact on HRM and employee satisfaction: evidence from China's retail sector

This paper seeks to assess whether informal institutions can affect human resource management practices. Specifically, we examine whether the social norm of respect for authority, an important informal social institution in countries like China, constrains employee participation, and whether this affects employee satisfaction in foreign-invested and state-owned retailers in China, respectively. Data are derived from questionnaires completed by almost 1900 employees at 22 foreign-invested and state-owned retail stores in nine Chinese cities. We indicate that a norm such as respect for authority can operate as a constraint on human resource management practices such as employee participation with related impacts upon satisfaction levels in foreign-invested and state-owned retailers, but that these play out in unexpected ways.
16S rRNA Amplicons Survey Revealed Unprecedented Bacterial Community in Solid Biomedical Wastes

Despite known risks of inappropriate disposal of biomedical solid waste; most cities in developing countries are still disposing unsorted and untreated solid biomedical waste in common dumpsites. While many studies reported the presence of pathogens in fresh biomedical waste from hospitals, none has reported on the abundance and diversity of bacterial community in aged solid biomedical waste from a common dumpsite. A qualitative survey was done to identify types of solid biomedical waste on the dumpsite. Soils, sludge or washings of biomedical wastes were sampled. Total DNA was extracted and v4 region of 16S rRNA amplicons were sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform. A total of 1,706,442 sequences from 15 samples passed quality control. The number of sequences per sample ranged from 70664 to 174456 (mean 121765, SD 35853). Diversity was high with an InvSimpson index of 63 (Range 5 – 496, SD 121). Thirty five phyla were identified, but only 9 accounted for 96% of all sequences. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria 37.4%, Firmicutes 34.4%, Bacteroidetes 14.1 %, Actinobacteria 5.6% and Chloroflex 1.7%. Catchall analysis predicted a mean of 9399 species per sample. Overall, 31402 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected, however, only 19.8% (6,202) OTUs were found more than ten times. The most predominant OTUs were Proteinclasticum (10.4%), Acinetobacter (6.9), Halomonas (3.9), Pseudomonas (1.7%), Escherichia/Shigella 1.5% and Planococcus (1.3%). Proteiniclasticum spp and Acinetobacter spp were found in 67% (10/15) of all samples at relative abundance of 1%. Taxonomic-to-phenotype mapping revealed the presence of 36.2% related to bacteria involved in dehalogenation, 11.6% degraders of aromatic hydrocarbons, 14.8% chitin degraders, 8.5% chlorophenol degradation and Atrazine metabolism 8.3%. Taxonomy-to human pathogen mapping found 34% related to human pathogens and 39.4% were unknown. Conclusions There’s rich and diverse bacterial community in aged solid biomedical waste. Some of the predominant OTUs are related to bacteria of industrial use. We found a good number of OTUs mapping to human pathogens. Most of OTUs mapped to unknown metabolism and also to group unknown whether they human pathogens or not. To our knowledge, this is the first reports on bacteria related to industrial use from solid biomedical waste. This finding will facilitate to design further research using functional metagenomics to better understand the potential of bacteria from aged solid biomedical waste.
Are threat status and invasion success two sides of the same coin

Global change increases both the number of threatened species and the impacts of invasives. These two problems are sometimes assumed to be opposite sides of the same coin, with invasive species having the opposite characteristics of endangered species. However, the validity of this assumption has never been tested. We analysed 20 life-history and other traits of all European and North American freshwater fish and birds. For these 1813 species, we compared the determinants of invasion success and IUCN-threat status and found that traits favouring invasion are not simply the opposite of those that favour endangerment. The size and life history of species are correlated more strongly with threat status than invasiveness. On the other hand, association with humans is the best predictor of invasiveness but is not correlated with threat status. Thus, the rise of invaders is caused by different aspects of global change than the imperilment of endangered species.
Quantity versus Quality: The Value Relevance of CSR Disclosure of Saudi Companies

We offer a novel contribution by examining the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure quantity and quality on firm value. We use a sample of 171 non-financial firms listed in the Saudi stock market for the period 2013-2014. We complement and extend the work of Hasseldine, Salama and Toms (2005) by measuring the quantity and quality of CSR disclosure and examining their impact on firm value. To measure CSR disclosure quality, we following Beest el al (2009) and capture all qualitative attributes of information quality as defined in the conceptual framework of the IASB (2010 a). We use a CSR disclosure index to measure the quantity of disclosure.Our analysis shows a positive association between CSR disclosure quality and quantity and market capitalisation. However, we did not find the same results when we use either Tobin’s Q or Return on Assets (ROA) as proxies for firm value. This suggests that both CSR disclosure quantity and quality have the same impact on firm value. However, the significance of this impact depends on whether the authors use market capitalisation, Tobin’s Q or ROA.
The Role of Social and Educational Factors in Oral Participation of ELT Students

Oral participation (OP) in class is an important factor contributing to the development of oral fluency. Recent studies in language learning have addressed the necessity of classroom interaction, or rather students’ oral participation in class. A correlational research study was drawn upon to measure the oral participation and factors affecting oral activities of the ELT students studying at the M.A. level at Islamic Azad University of Ardabil in Iran. An initial pool of 93 participants was selected through purposive sampling. The data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results obtained indicated that there is a significant relationship between social and educational factors relative to the oral activities of EFL learners. The findings also showed that in oral participation, educational factors play the most important role in controlling the OP content.
Knowledge Management and decision making based on informal learning activities in business

The application of the Information and Communication Technologies to everyday life activities facilitates the availability of lots of information and knowledge which can be used for multiple purposes. One of them is learning processes within organizations. However, there are two questions which must be addressed: first, that people do not only learn in organizational contexts; and second, that not all the data gathered from learning systems is useful. This makes it necessary to find a way to gather information about informal learning activities in the workplace and to facilitate visibility of what employees learn outside the organization so that such knowledge may be accessed from within the organization and be used for decision making. In order to do so this study proposes a methodology based on the identification of informal learning instances by the employee and their recognition by the organization. The methodology is supported by a technological framework based on a Personal Learning Network, a Portfolio, a Catalog of Competences and an institutional system which includes tools for optimization of decision making. The methodology has been implemented and evaluated in the context of a pan-European project. The main findings from this study suggest that, although decision making from informal learning instances is possible, both the methodology and tools used should be flexible enough to satisfy the needs of the organization.
HORIZONTAL BRANCH MORPHOLOGY AND MULTIPLE STELLAR POPULATIONS IN THE ANOMALOUS GLOBULAR CLUSTER M 22

M 22 is an anomalous globular cluster that hosts two groups of stars with different metallicity and s-element abundance. The star-to-star light-element variations in both groups, with the presence of individual Na–O and C–N anticorrelations, demonstrates that this Milky Way satellite has experienced a complex star formation history. We have analyzed FLAMES/UVES spectra for seven stars covering a small color interval on the reddest horizontal branch (HB) portion of this cluster and investigated possible relations between the chemical composition of a star and its location along the HB. Our chemical abundance analysis takes into account effects introduced by deviations from the local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE effects), which are significant for the measured spectral lines in the atmospheric parameters range spanned by our stars. We find that all the analyzed stars are barium-poor and sodium-poor, thus supporting the idea that the position of a star along the HB is strictly related to the chemical composition, and that the HB morphology is influenced by the presence of different stellar populations.
Psychosocial problems and well being in institutionalized and non institutionalized children

Background: Most of the research conclusively states that institutionalization of children has an adverse impact on their development, growth, and health. Institutionalized care becomes the only option to some children owing to several conditions like poverty, helplessness and others. Under such circumstances it is believed that institutional care is beneficial to them and a better option than home based care. The present study was intended to determine the role of type of care and gender on psychosocial problems and well being in children. Method: A 2 X 2 factorial design with type of care and gender as the two factors was employed. 40 children under institutional care and 76 children living with their parents were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Adolescent Well Being Scale. Results: Type of care has an impact on almost all the dimensions measured, with institutionalized children showing more internalizing problems, externalizing problems and poor well being. Conclusions: Institutional care has an adverse impact on children leading to poor health outcomes. Care providers in the institutions have to adopt strengths and resilience based approach which focuses on protective factors and encourages the development of skills and traits that help in coping with difficulties. This would work towards improving the health of the institutionalized children.
Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Biodiversity-Conscious Farming: A Case of Stork-Friendly Farming in Japan

Although agriculture can contribute to ecosystem services, it can also be a source of disservices, including loss of biodiversity and emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants. In this study, we evaluate the biodiversity-conscious farming method in terms of the impact on global warming by using the life cycle assessment (LCA) taking stork-friendly farming in Japan as a case of farming method. The results show that efforts for biodiversity conservation and countermeasures against global warming may be in a trade-off relationship. The results suggest that expansion of the farming scale and switch from low-agrichemical to agrichemical-free farming may be two possible paths towards a lower carbon dioxide emission than the current level.
Measuring the Effects of a Media Literacy Program on Conflict and Violence

A 5-session curricular unit on the topic of face-to-face conflict mediation and on-screen media violence was administered to 85 sixth graders. Repeated measures analyses were employed to study the 57 students for whom matched questionnaires were available. Results show students became more likely to choose a non-aggressive approach to two of three conflict scenarios presented and boys in the sample became more likely to acknowledge two of three effects of media violence. Other measures employed suggest a mixed response to the curriculum. Implications for successfully promoting media literacy in schools and for addressing interpersonal conflicts among young people are discussed.
Seismic versus aseismic deformation in Iran inferred from earthquakes and geodetic data

SUMMARY A combined analysis of the geodetic strain-rate field and the strain-rate field deduced from the seismicity allows us to define the style of deformation and to distinguish seismic from aseismic deformation. We perform this analysis in Iran where the present-day tectonics results from the north‐south convergence between the plates of Arabia to the south and Eurasia to the north. The data consist of velocities measured with a GPS network of 28 benchmarks and of instrumental and historical earthquake catalogues. The axes of the seismic strain-rate tensor have similar orientations to those deduced from the GPS velocity field. This indicates that the seismicity can be used to improve GPS information on the style and the orientation of the deformation. Comparison of seismic and geodetic strain rates indicates that highly strained zones experience mainly aseismic deformation in southern Iran and seismic deformation in northern Iran. A large contrast is observed between the Zagros (less than 5 per cent seismic deformation) and the Alborz‐Kopet-Dag regions (more than 30‐100 per cent seismic deformation). The distribution of the seismic/geodetic ratio correlates with the distribution of large earthquakes: intensive, low-magnitude seismicity is observed in the Zagros whereas the largest earthquakes occur in northern Iran. The contrast of seismic deformation between the Zagros and peri-Caspian mountains is confirmed considering 300 or 1000 yr of seismicity rather than 100 or 200 yr.
Context-dependency of motor chunks in a DSP go/no-go task

Numerous studies have shown that performance is enhanced when the retrieval context matches the original context, initially studied in the verbal memory domain and broadened into the domain of motor skill learning. The present study was designed to address the role of practice concerning context-dependence of motor chunks in the DSP go/no-go task. The results showed that practice did not affect the sensitivity of contextual-dependencies; the groups with limited practice as well as extended practice did not rely on context features during performance. It is proposed that after extensive practice motor chunks develop triggered by the first presented stimulus. The limited practice group had sufficient training for the formation of motor chunks. Moreover, the study examined the impact of context-dependencies during the presentation of differently structured sequences (two different chunks vs. one repeated chunk). When participants had to reproduce a second different chunk context dependencies emerged which facilitated the retrieval of a representation. Based on the findings it can be assumed that the demands of the cognitive processor, which is responsible for loading and searching of motor chunks, is too high when confronted with a sequence made up of two different chunks. Therefore contextual features support the access of a chunk. It is only successful when the context in which motor chunks have to be retrieved is the same as during acquisition otherwise a motor chunk is not completely activated.
Aggregation of Cardiovascular Risk in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Famiam

Objectives: To examine whether the distribution of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, or biochemical markers of subclinical damage differs among first-degree relatives of patients who have suffered an acute myocardial infarction and the population without such a history. Methods: A cross sectional study compared 99 first-degree relatives of patients with myocardial infarction to a control group of 81 individuals. Anthropometric variables were recorded, habits, history and blood tests including glucose, lipid profile, high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), homocysteine, myeloperoxidase, fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor (vWF). The cardiovascular risk will be determined by the Framingham, Score and Regicor schemes. Results: Biochemical values in relatives vs controls were significantly different for total cholesterol (205,4±42,4 mg/dL vs 185,2±34,5 mg/dL; p<0,05), low
A Few Survey of Developments and Challenges Arising on General and Indonesian Question Answering System

Natural language based interaction between human and computer is an emerging research area with a wide range of possibilities for various types of application. For instance, Question Answer System (QAS) is being intensively researched and then broadly applied in the various ways. The QAS interfaces human and computer in retrieving the specific information from the collection of documents to natural language question queried by human. Generally speaking, the QAS has differed with the usual search engine on the given answer. On the one hand the search engines give a list of relevant documents to user query. On the other hand a short and exact answer is returned by QAS. This paper, as a small review of the QAS, would like to address the development trends, and then coupled with challenges arising on Indonesia QAS. The aim of this paper is to help in identifying the approaches and methods already used, and also to sign the challenges would be faced.