Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
American parents’ active engagement mediates the impact of background television on toddlers’ play

ABSTRACT This secondary analysis examined the extent to which parent engagement mediates the impact of adult-directed background television (BTV) on toddlers’ toy play. Fifty-one children (12, 24, 36 mos) played in a furnished observation lab for 30 min without BTV and 30 min with BTV (order counterbalanced across participants). Parents were instructed to act as they normally would during leisure time. The findings revealed an indirect negative effect of BTV on the proportion of time that 12- and 24-month-old children played with toys, which was completely mediated by parents’ active engagement in their child’s play. These effects were not observed for 36-month-olds who had more (rather than less) play in the presence of BTV. Moreover, parents’ overall disengagement (regardless of engagement quality) did not mediate the effect of BTV on toddlers’ play. That is, the quality of parent engagement mattered more than the overall quantity of engagement for the youngest children. These findings provide further evidence for the importance of considering social context and individual characteristics when examining the impact of screen media on play.
Metamorphism of Jhyallaphay-Barpak-Bhachchek area of Gorkha District, Lesser Himalaya and Higher Himalaya, Central Nepal

The study is focused on geological mapping, petrography and metamorphism of Jhyallaphat–Barpak–Bhachchek area, a part of Gorkha District, Central Nepal using a base of 1:25000 scale covering an area of 139.80 sq. km. The rocks of the study area can be broadly divided into two tectonic zones; the Lesser Himalaya consisting of fie lithological units, and the Higher Himalaya consisting of Formation I of the Tibetan Slab. Three metamorphic zones can be distinguished in the study area; biotite zone, garnet zone and kyanite zone. The biotite zone of the mineral assemblage in pelitic rocks consists of biotite+muscovite+chlorite+quartz, in psammitic rocks comprises of biotite+muscovite+chlorite+feldspar+quartz and in carbonate rocks comprises of biotite+muscovite+calcite/dolomite+feldspar+quartz, respectively. These mineral assemblages show that the area belongs to the greenschist facies. The mineral assemblage of the garnet zone in pelitic rocks constitutes garnet+biotite+muscovite+chlorite+quartz, and in psammitic rocks constitutes of garnet+biotite+muscovite+feldspar+quartz. The minerals assemblages found within the biotite and garnet zones represent the well-known inverted metamorphism in the Lesser Himalaya. Mineral assemblage of the kyanite zones constitutes of kyanite+garnet+biotite+muscovite+feldspar+quartz. The mineral assemblages of the both garnet and kyanite zones show that the area belongs to the epidote amphibolite facies. The bedding and foliation planes are almost parallel, showing that isograds also cut across the foliation. Therefore, the main metamorphic event should have followed development of foliation in the area. The rocks of the area show at least two metamorphic events: syntectonic prograde and post-tectonic retrograde. Syn-tectonic prograde metamorphism (M1), which has grown during a single phase of deformation and most frequently encountered garnet prophyroblast. Metamorphic deformation is represented by the presence of metamorphic foliation, stretching lineation, and S-C fabric. Post-tectonic retrograde metamorphism (M2), which is followed by retrograde mineral formation changing its P-T condition from high to low grade minerals, such as the formation of the biotite and chlorite minerals around the rims of the garnet porphyroblasts.
A Skewed perspective of the Indian rainfall-ENSO Relationship

Abstract. The application of higher-order wavelet analysis to India rainfall and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is presented. An auto-bicoherence analysis is used to extract the frequency modes contributing to the skewness of India rainfall and ENSO. A nonlinear wavelet coherence method is proposed for diagnosing why the time-domain correlation between two time series temporally changes when at least one time series has changing nonlinear characteristics. The results indicate the India rainfall and ENSO are highly nonlinear phenomenon. It is also demonstrated that the sea surface temperature (SST) patterns associated with different nonlinear ENSO modes depend on the frequency components participating in the nonlinear phase coupling. The SST pattern associated with coupling between ENSO modes with periods of 31 and 15.5 months is reminiscent of a central Pacific El Niño and intensifies around 1995, contrasting with the coupling between the 62- and 31-month modes that became active around the 1970s ENSO regime shift. A nonlinear coherence analysis showed that the skewness of India rainfall is weakly correlated with that of 4 ENSO time series after the 1970s, indicating that increases in ENSO skewness after 1970's at least partially contributed to the weakening India rainfall-ENSO relationship in recent decades. The implication of this result is that the intensity of skewed El Niño events is likely to overestimate India drought severity, which was the case in the 1997 monsoon season, a time point when the nonlinear wavelet coherence between All-India rainfall and ENSO reached its lowest value in the 1871–2016 period.
The Contribution of Sensory Sensitivity to Emotional Lability in Children with ADHD Symptoms

ABSTRACT Emotional lability and sensory sensitivity have been shown to contribute to the overall clinical picture in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Further, both of these characteristics have been individually demonstrated to contribute to poorer quality of life, increased functional impairment, and poorer treatment response. However, to date, no study has evaluated the relationship among all three of these factors. The current study hypothesized that increased sensory sensitivity would moderate the relationship between hyperactive/impulsive symptoms of ADHD and emotional lability in youth. Results indicate that heightened sensory sensitivity strengthens the relationship between hyperactive/impulsive symptoms of ADHD and emotional lability in children with three or more clinically impairing ADHD symptoms. This dimensional approach was taken in accordance with growing evidence that even children with sub-threshold ADHD experience significant functional impairment and high rates of sensory sensitivity. These findings suggest that clinicians treating children with ADHD symptoms and emotional lability should consider assessing for sensory sensitivity as integration of multi-sensory techniques or referral to concurrent occupational therapy may significantly improve treatment outcomes and quality of life for these children and their families.
Lessons from empirical studies in supply chain flexibility: a maturity perspective

Goal: To analyze supply chain flexibility (SCF) within real-life settings from a maturity perspective and provide a discussion on the importance of a maturity model for SCF. Design/Methodology/Approach: A multiple case study was conducted in multinational manufacturing companies from different business sectors, offering a within-case and cross-case analysis. Results: The empirical evidence revealed that the studied companies do not consider flexibility measures. This absence renders difficulties when striving for external flexibility, for instance, affecting planning and control activities. Furthermore, the conducted analysis showed that sharing information among supply chain members has a significant impact on the identification of changes in the processes, enabling a correct and quick reaction to these changes. Limitations of the investigation: The results are restricted to the studied companies; therefore, the SCF maturity model deserves more application through the development of more empirical investigations. Practical implications: This is a guide for practitioners to identify the current maturity level of their SCF, and subsequently improve the processes, aiming to achieve the desired result. Originality/Value: This paper addresses the lack of theoretical and empirical studies in the literature regarding the analysis of SCF maturity and its different levels, thus enabling practitioners and researchers to improve the understanding of maturity in the SCF context.
Assessing the Self-Purification Capacity of Surface Waters in Lake Baikal Watershed

The removal of trace metals (TM), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), mineral nitrogen (Nmin.), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the water of Lake Baikal and its tributaries was evaluated. The contaminant removal rate (CRR) and the contaminant removal capacity (CRC) were used as water self-purification parameters. The CRR was calculated as the difference between contaminant mass flow rates at downstream and upstream gauging stations. The CRC was calculated as the quotient of the CRR and the change in water discharge between downstream and upstream gauging stations. Whether the CRR and CRC have positive or negative values depends on whether contaminant release or removal occurs in the water body. The CRR depends on the size of the water body. The lowest and the highest CRRs observed for Baikal were equal to −15 mg/s (PAHs) to −7327 g/s (DOC), whereas the highest PAH and DOC removal rates observed for Selenga River (the major Baikal tributary) in summer were equal to −9 mg/s and −3190 g/s correspondingly. The highest PAH and DOC removal rates observed for small tributaries were equal to 0.0004 mg/s and −0.7 g/s respectively. The amplitude of annual CRR oscillations depends on contaminant abundance. The highest amplitude was typical for most abundant contaminants such as Nmin. and DOC. In unpolluted sections of the Selenga River the highest rates of N and C removal (−85 g/s and −3190 g/s, respectively) were observed in summer and the lowest rates (4 g/s and 3869 g/s, respectively) were observed in the spring. The lowest amplitude was typical for PAHs and some low-abundance TM such as V and Ni. The highest summer rates of V and Ni removal were equal to −378 mg/s and −155 mg/s respectively, whereas lowest spring rates are equal to 296 mg/s and 220 mg/s. The intermediate CRR amplitudes were typical for most abundant TM such as Sr, Al, and Fe. The spatial CRR variability depends on water chemistry and the presence of pollution sources. The lowest (up to 38 g/s) rates of Nmin. removal was observed for polluted lower Selenga sections characterized by low water mineralization and high DOC concentrations. The highest rates (−85 g/s) were observed for unpolluted upper sections. Seepage loss from the river to groundwater was also recognized as an important means of contaminant removal. The CRC values depend mostly on water residence time. The DOC removing capacity value of Baikal (−26 g/m3) were lower than those of Selenga in summer (−35 g/m3) but higher than the CRCs of all tributaries during the other seasons (from 30 mg/m3 to −10 g/m3).
The role of schools and education in countering violent extremism (CVE): applying lessons from Western countries to Australian CVE policy

ABSTRACT In recent times there has been an increase in the number of young people becoming involved with violent extremist networks throughout Western countries. Along with this increase has come a debate regarding the appropriate role of education and educational institutions in countering violent extremism (CVE). This article analyses initiatives undertaken to date within a Western context, before presenting an in-depth case study of a multi-year Australian training programme. It is hoped that this analysis will assist in the refinement of a more effective and proportionate approach to involving educational institutions in CVE initiatives.
Dueling Narratives of a Reader Labeled as Struggling: Positioning, Emotion, and Power Within Four Differing English Course Contexts

Abstract Using theories of positioning, emotion, and power as a lens, this study explores the lived experiences of a reader labeled as struggling who was enrolled in four different course contexts: traditional high school English, high school remedial reading, high school Young Adult Literature, and college English. Interview data suggests the participant experienced two distinct narratives. Her discourse about the events in her traditional English and remedial reading courses reflects a disempowered positioning, and her discourse about the events in her high school Young Adult Literature and college English courses reflects an empowered positioning. Findings indicate that fostering a strong sense of power and positive emotions and positioning is a promising approach for supporting reader confidence and positive reading identities for readers labeled as struggling.
Community College Student Persistence: A Focus on Occupational and Academic Clubs

COMMUNITY COLLEGE STUDENT PERSISTENCE: A FOCUS ON OCCUPATIONAL AND ACADEMIC CLUBS Catherine J. Songer Old Dominion University, 2011 Director: Dr. Mitchell R. Williams Community colleges have increased demands for data to substantiate their institutional effectiveness in financially challenging times to stakeholders and accrediting agencies. Tied to performance funding, North Carolina community colleges are focusing attention on policies and programs that encourage student persistence. The Community College Survey of Student Engagement indicated a strong relationship between student engagement and student success. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate student persistence as measured by student intent to persist as it related to participation in community college-sponsored occupational and academic clubs, to investigate the student-perceived level of participation as it related to student intent to persist, and to discover impediments to club participation. An electronic survey instrument was developed, validated, and distributed to 4,614 clubeligible students at a rural North Carolina community college. The evaluation of the gathered electronic data used chi-square tests of independence, a binary logistic regression, and descriptive statistics. Club participation was significantly related to student intent to persist. The varied student-perceived levels participation in club activities and events were measured using a Level of Participation Score (LPS) developed for the study. A list of 17 impediments revealed during a student focus group discussion and a free response box were used by study participants to indicate impediments to club participation. The study suggests manners in which academic and occupational community college clubs could provide informal faculty-student interactions for at-risk student populations such as remedial students, minority students, and low-income mothers. The study further suggests that for some students, club participation will require overcoming individual fears. Club activities can be geared toward special populations and interests such as STEM-related clubs; however, the study indicated those students enrolled in only online courses do not participate in clubs. Practitioners are advised to develop strategies to overcome impediments to participation in clubs. Academic leaders are urged to view community college-sponsored clubs as important opportunities to engage students outside of the classroom and to promote informal faculty-student interactions that facilitate student persistence.
The future GHG emissions of tourism by Brazilians

ABSTRACT The rapid development of tourism in emerging countries is a major contributor to the sector’s growing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. An assessment of emissions produced by Brazilian tourists confirms this trend, and reveals the importance of each country’s unique economic, social and environmental factors, which make it difficult to treat emerging countries as a homogenous group. This paper explores the possible futures of Brazilian tourism emissions by using various scenarios, starting with the reconstruction of submarkets based on transport modes and distances travelled, using national sources for the year 2010. A reference scenario shows that GHG emissions are likely to be multiplied by four by 2030 and by eight by 2050. Finally, alternative hypotheses on the driving forces behind Brazilians’ domestic and international tourism are combined and used as building blocks to develop alternative scenarios. The outcome of reasonable mitigation options would maintain tourism’s contribution to national greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 at a level comparable to those currently observed in highly developed countries. However, between 2030 and 2050, tourism emissions would continue to grow, whereas national emissions would diminish. Tourism could therefore become a major burden in national mitigation policies.
Automatic Building Outline Extraction from ALS Point Clouds by Ordered Points Aided Hough Transform

Many urban applications require building polygons as input. However, manual extraction from point cloud data is time- and labor-intensive. Hough transform is a well-known procedure to extract line features. Unfortunately, current Hough-based approaches lack flexibility to effectively extract outlines from arbitrary buildings. We found that available point order information is actually never used. Using ordered building edge points allows us to present a novel ordered points–aided Hough Transform (OHT) for extracting high quality building outlines from an airborne LiDAR point cloud. First, a Hough accumulator matrix is constructed based on a voting scheme in parametric line space (θ, r). The variance of angles in each column is used to determine dominant building directions. We propose a hierarchical filtering and clustering approach to obtain accurate line based on detected hotspots and ordered points. An Ordered Point List matrix consisting of ordered building edge points enables the detection of line segments of arbitrary direction, resulting in high-quality building roof polygons. We tested our method on three different datasets of different characteristics: one new dataset in Makassar, Indonesia, and two benchmark datasets in Vaihingen, Germany. To the best of our knowledge, our algorithm is the first Hough method that is highly adaptable since it works for buildings with edges of different lengths and arbitrary relative orientations. The results prove that our method delivers high completeness (between 90.1% and 96.4%) and correctness percentages (all over 96%). The positional accuracy of the building corners is between 0.2–0.57 m RMSE. The quality rate (89.6%) for the Vaihingen-B benchmark outperforms all existing state of the art methods. Other solutions for the challenging Vaihingen-A dataset are not yet available, while we achieve a quality score of 93.2%. Results with arbitrary directions are demonstrated on the complex buildings around the EYE museum in Amsterdam.
1. Green electrospinning

: In the last two decades, electrospinning has grown in popularity; how-ever, the majority of the setups are based on solution processing from toxic organic solvents. As green processing and environmental stewardship have also become important in recent years, for political and economic reasons, the subsequent increase in demand for the scaling up of electrospinning requires that an environmentally toxin-free process be championed. This book comprehensively addresses clean and safe electrospinning for the fabrication of green nanofibers and evaluates their po-tential applications.
Thin‐wall injection molding of polypropylene using molds with different laser‐induced periodic surface structures

In injection molding, high pressure is required to completely replicate the mold geometry, due to the viscosity of thermoplastic polymers, the reduced thickness of the cavity and the low mold temperature. The reduction of the drag required to fill a thin-wall injection molding cavity can be promoted by inducing the strong slip of the polymer melt over the mold surface, which occurs within the first monolayer of macromolecules adsorbed at the wall. In this work, the effects of different Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) topographies on the reduction of the melt flow resistance of polypropylene were characterized. Ultrafast laser processing of the mold surface was used to manufacture nano-scale ripples with different orientation and morphology. Moreover, the effects of those injection molding parameters that mostly affect the interaction between the mold surface and the molten polymer were evaluated. The effect of LIPSS on the slip of the polymer melt was modelled to understand the effect of the different treatments on the pressure required to fill the thin-wall cavity. The results show that LIPPS can used to treat injection mold surfaces to promote the onset of wall slip, thus reducing the injection pressure up to 13%.
An overview of soil moisture measurement methods

This paper introduces the importance of soil moisture to plant growth, the composition of soil moisture and the expression of soil moisture. Soil moisture measurement techniques are classified according to sampling method. The principle and test method of six typical soil moisture measurement methods, including drying method, tensile method, neutron emission method, infrared ray method, dielectric method and dew point microvoltmeter method, were analyzed in detail, and their advantages and disadvantages were summarized. It can be used for reference in the future research, application and deep multi-disciplinary integration of soil testing technology.
TEACHER PERCEPTION OF OBSTACLES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE INTEGRATION OF PROGRAMMING IN K-12 SETTINGS

The act of programming can be traced back to the 19 th century and Ada Lovelace. In the context of history, the idea to combine programming with mathematics and technology is not strange. Today programming is a much more widespread phenomenon. But the relevance of programming in mathematics and technology is still very obvious. However, with the mandatory addition of programming in K-12 setting a debate has been sparked concerning the impact on teaching activities. The aim of this study was to analyse and discuss possible obstacles and opportunities in integrating programming in K-12 settings from a teacher perspective. The two important main questions to answer were: 1) which are teachers' perceived obstacles and opportunities in the integration of programming in K-12 setting? 2) which are the differences and similarities in expectation between teachers with and without earlier programming experience? This study was carried out inspired of action research with the objective of improving an existing programming course for mathematic and technology teachers. Action research is a strategy that do not only strive to generate new knowledge but also has the aim to improve real world phenomena. Authors in this study had the double roles of being teachers and researchers, with the idea of establishing a cyclical process where course participants feedback should lead to extensions of the future course versions. Data were collected in the teacher training course and consist of 44 submitted essay answers on the question: In which aspects might programming be a positive and/or negative enhancement of you daily teaching? Collected data were grouped into categories with the use of content analysis. Results indicate that there are both perceived opportunities and perceived obstacles among teachers concerning integrating programming in mathematics and technology. An obvious finding was the mix of positive and negative attitudes in the vast majority of essays. In the category of obstacles many teachers brought up the risk of time trouble in both their professional development and in their teaching activities. In the category of opportunities several teachers mentioned the potential of programming as a new and motivating learning tool in their subjects. Finally, it seems important for the participants to get concreate takeaways from the course that could be used in their daily teaching activities.