Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF LENGTH AND WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP OF LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI (BOONE, 1931) FROM EAST COAST OF INDIA

Length-weight relationship and allometric factor for the imported L. vannameibroodstock shrimps to the entire Tamilnadu shrimp hatcheries were statistically pooled and investigated. There were 155 and 156 of both female and male brooders were used for the present investigation and about three sampling were performed in different intervals. Among the pooled data studied, females found bigger than male brooders in utmost all the hatcheries. The regression relationship of both the sexes showed significant as P<0.05. It has been proved that, the allometric pattern of growth for 4 different hatcheries located in between Chennai to Pondicherry coast. Both the allometric pattern and P-value for both male and female brooders showed significant (P<0.05). Similarly the relationship pattern for both the sexes were also studied using ANOVA and ANCOVA values showed statistically significant as P<0.005.
Real Time Design and Implementation of State of Charge Estimators for a Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Cobalt Battery with Applicability in HEVs/EVs—A Comparative Study

Estimating the state of charge (SOC) of Li-ion batteries is an essential task of battery management systems for hybrid and electric vehicles. Encouraged by some preliminary results from the control systems field, the goal of this work is to design and implement in a friendly real-time MATLAB simulation environment two Li-ion battery SOC estimators, using as a case study a rechargeable battery of 5.4 Ah cobalt lithium-ion type. The choice of cobalt Li-ion battery model is motivated by its promising potential for future developments in the HEV/EVs applications. The model validation is performed using the software package ADVISOR 3.2, widely spread in the automotive industry. Rigorous performance analysis of both SOC estimators is done in terms of speed convergence, estimation accuracy and robustness, based on the MATLAB simulation results. The particularity of this research work is given by the results of its comprehensive and exciting comparative study that successfully achieves all the goals proposed by the research objectives. In this scientific research study, a practical MATLAB/Simscape battery model is adopted and validated based on the results obtained from three different driving cycles tests and is in accordance with the required specifications. In the new modelling version, it is a simple and accurate model, easy to implement in real-time and offers beneficial support for the design and MATLAB implementation of both SOC estimators. Also, the adaptive extended Kalman filter SOC estimation performance is excellent and comparable to those presented in the state-of-the-art SOC estimation methods analysis.
Light Regulation off8-Tubulin GeneExpression during Internode Development inSoybean(Glycine max(L.J Merr.)"

Therelationship betweentubulin geneexpression andcell elongation wasexplored indeveloping internodes ofGlycine max (L.) Merr. , using light asavariable toalter therate ofelongation. First internodes ofetiolated seedlings elongated twotothree timesmorerapidly thandidthoseofseedlings growing undera 12hourdiurnal light/dark cycle. Furthermore, light slowedor completely halted internode elongation intheetiolated seedlings, depending upontheageoftheseedlings atthetimeofthelight treatment. Steady state levels of,B-tubulin mRNA weredeterminedinNorthern blotsandby solution hybridization of poly(A)+RNA withaprobederived fromthecoding region ofa previously characterized soybean ,8-tubulin gene. (MJGuiltinan, DPMa,RFBarker, MM Bustos, RJCyr,R Yadegari, DEFosket [1987] PlantMolBiol10:171-184). Internodes oflight-grown seedlings exhibited levels of#-tubulin mRNA thatdiffered bya factor ofthree, andvaried concomitantly withtheelongation rate. Illumination of10-day-old etiolated seedlings notonlystopped first internode elongation, butalsobrought about a80%decrease inthesteady state level of,-tubulin mRNAoverthecourse ofthe subsequent 12hours. Thisstrong downregulation ofj6-tubulin mRNA occurred without significant changes inthesizeofthe soluble tubulin poolanditwasaccompanied bya markedincrease inchlorophyll a/bbinding protein mRNA. cases, thetubulin dimerpoolismaintained through both transcriptional andpost-transcriptional control oftubulin geneexpression (1,17). Little isknownabout theregulation oftubulin synthesis inplants, butCyretal. (8)observed changes ofseveral fold inthelevels oftubulin protein and mRNA during carrot somatic embryogenesis. Furthermore, Fukuda(11)reported thattherateoftubulin synthesis increased during theformation ofcortical microtubules in differentiating tracheary elements. Theinvolvement ofcorticalmicrotubules incell elongation andtheincrease intubulin levels andinmicrotubule assembly whichhasbeenshownto accompany cell elongation (9,29), makeelongating tissues attractive assystems forinvestigating theregulation oftubulin synthesis inhigher plants. Here, weshowthatchanges in,Btubulin mRNA steady state levels andinternode elongation rates varyconcomitantly inlight-grown andetiolated soybean seedlings. Internodes ofetiolated seedlings exhibited elongationrates thatwerefourtofivefoldgreater thanthose observed incontrol seedlings grownunder a12hlight/dark cycle. Therapidly elongating internodes ofdark-grown seedlings exhibited proportionally higher steady-state levels ofjtubulin mRNA.Furthermore, subsequent illumination ofthe dark-grown seedlings brought about areduction intherate of elongation andaconcomitant decrease inthesteady-state level of#-tubulin mRNA.
Diacylglycerol-induced multihead formation in Hydra

Diacylglycerol (DAG) mediates transmembrane transduction for a wide variety of extracellular signals. Though pattern formation in multicellular organisms is, as a rule, based on intercellular signalling, reports on the participation of DAG in pattern-forming processes are lacking. Here evidence is presented for the involvement of DAG in pattern control in Hydra. Upon daily exposure to 1,2- dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol, wild-type polyps form ectopic heads along the gastric column in a periodic pattern and transform into phenocopies of a multi-headed mutant. The appearance of ectopic head structures is preceded by a (wave-like) increase in the positional value. Long before ectopic tentacles appear in the intact animal and, beginning with the first pretreatment, excised segments progressively fail to regenerate feet, form heads also at their lower end and eventually over the entire segment. DAG is the first physically defined substance found to induce, in hydra, an increase in the positional value and to evoke ectopic head formation.
Effect of Some Agro-Chemicals Preharvest Foliar Application on Yield and Fruit Quality of "Swelling" Peach Trees

This study was carried out during two successive seasons of 2012 and 2013 in order to study the effect of ascorbic acid (AsA), citric acid (CiA), salicylic acid (SA) each at (0, 200, 400 and 600 ppm), gibberellic acid (GA3) at (0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) at (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2% (w/v)) on yield and fruit quality of six years old "Swelling" peach trees(Prunus persica L.) grown in sandy soil. Results showed that gibberellic acid significantly increased total yield as compared with other different agro-chemicals in the first season. Meanwhile, in the second season, both ascorbic acid and calcium chloride application led to a marked increase in total yield relative to that found with citric, salicylic and gibberellic acid. Furthermore, GA3 caused a significant increase in fruit weight and fruit firmness as compared with the other agrochemicals in both seasons. In addition, calcium chloride and salicylic acid had significantly higher firmness than ascorbic and citric acids in both seasons. Both ascorbic and citric acids caused the highest increase in TSS, TSS/ acid ratio, total sugars, non-reducing sugars and anthocyanin content as compared with all other different agrochemicals. Meanwhile, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid and calcium chloride significantly increased fruit acidity, reducing sugars, chlorophyll a and b contents as compared with that of ascorbic and citric acids. Generally, it could be concluded that, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid and calcium chloride markedly increased yield, fruit firmness and fruit chlorophyll a and b content as compared with all other agrochemicals.
The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. VIII. Redescription of three Hyalommina Schulze, 1919 species (Acari: Ixodidae) from South Asia with notes on their biology

The South Asian ticks Hyalomma (Hyalommina) brevipunctata Sharif, 1928, Hyalomma (Hyalommina) hussaini Sharif, 1928 and Hyalomma (Hyalommina) kumari Sharif, 1928, are morphologically fairly similar. The males can be distinguished from each other by size, color and their punctation patterns. The females are easily distinguished by the shape of the genital aperture and its preatrial fold, and they also differ in size, color and punctation patterns. The immature stages can be distinguished by the measurements of various characteristics and the ratios of these, the shape of the scutum, gnathosoma and hypostome, number of denticles on the hypostome and size of the spurs on coxae. All parasitic stages of the three species are illustrated and redescribed here. Their distributions are restricted to South Asia, although there are some records from Central Asia. Large and medium-sized ungulates are the principal hosts of the adults, whereas the immature stages infest various species of small mammals. All are three-host species. Data on their disease relationships are also provided.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by ¢mbrial designer adhesins

Naturally occurring adhesins bind to specific molecular targets in a lock-and-key fashion due to the composition of the binding domain of the adhesin. By introduction of random peptide libraries in a suitable surface exposed carrier protein it is possible to create and select designer adhesins with novel binding affinities. Type 1 fimbriae are surface organelles of Escherichia coli which mediate D-mannose sensitive binding to different host surfaces through the FimH adhesin, an integral part of these organelles. We have studied the ability of the FimH adhesin to display random peptide sequences. By serial selection and enrichment procedures specific sequences were identified which conferred the ability on recombinant cells to adhere to various metal oxides (PbO2, CoO, MnO2 ,C r 2O3). The properties inherent in these sequences permitted the distinct recognition of metals to varying degrees, indicating that this system allows for the isolation of peptide sequences with a variety of binding avidities. These studies demonstrate the potential and versatility of the FimH display system for presenting random peptide sequences. In addition, the possibility exists for the construction of microorganisms for the bioaccumulation of heavy metals from the environment. z 1999 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Interactions between habitat and ungulate herbivory limit the spread of Ipomopsis aggregata (polemoniaceae)

Both abiotic conditions and herbivores have been shown to limit the distribution of plants. This study investigates interactive effects of habitat quality and ungulate herbivory on the fitness of a monocarpic wildflower, scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata) to further elucidate reasons for its absence in nutrient rich montane meadows in Flagstaff, AZ. Scarlet gilia is commonly found on slopes with disturbed and relatively nutrient poor soil. Using transplant experiments in 1992 and 2002, we show that higher levels of soil nutrients have an opposite effect on plants protected from herbivores and those exposed to herbivores, whereby protected plants show increased growth and fitness and unprotected plants experience increased levels of herbivory by deer and elk leading to severe undercompensation for herbivory. In a more in-depth study in 2009 no interaction between site and herbivory is detectible, and instead plants transplanted to the nutrient-rich montane meadow perform significantly worse regardless of herbivory. Differences among years may be due to differences in precipitation or differences in transplanting methods that may affect the ability of transplants to gain access to soil nutrients. Other aspects of montane meadows such as lower levels of disturbance and increased belowground competition may also have fitness impacts on scarlet gilia and may limit its establishment in these habitats.
Heat Tolerance of Selected Species and Populations of Rhododendron

Temperature sensitivity of net photosynthesis (P N) was evaluated among four taxa of rhododendron including Rhododendron hyperythrum Hayata, R. russatum Balf. & Forr. , and plants from two populations (northern and southern provenances) of R. catawbiense Michx. Measurements were conducted on leaves at temperatures rauging from 15 to 40C. Temperature optima for PN ranged from a low of 20C for R. russatum to a high of 25C for R. hyperythrum. At 40C, PN rates for R. hyperythrum, R. catawbiense (northern provenance), R. catawbiense (southern provenance), and R. russatum were 7.8,5.7,3.5, and 0.2 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 , respectively (LSD0.05 = 1.7). Rhododendron catawbiense from the southern provenance did not appear to have greater heat tolerance than plants from the northern provenance. Differences in dark respiration among taxa were related primarily to differences in tissue weight per unit leaf surface area. Temperature coefficients (Q 5) for respiration did not vary in temperature response among taxa. Differences in heat tolerance appeared to result from a combination of stomatal and nonstomatal limitations on P N at high temperatures. Heat stress can be a primary limiting factor in the distribution
UPTAKE OF NITRATE AND AMMONIUM ION BY CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES OF VIGNA RADIATA

A study was conducted to examine the effect of pH on the uptake of NH4 + and NO3 - by the cell suspension culture of Vigna radiata. Uptake of NH4 + was faster than NO3 - under all conditions of the medium whereas uptake of NH4 + and NO3 - both were affected by the pH of the medium. Maximum uptake of NH4 + was observed on pH 4.5. Uptake of NO3 - was faster in the culture having pH 7.0. It is therefore concluded that pH of the medium influence the uptake of both NH4 + and NO3 - in the cell suspension culture of Vigna radiata.
Regulation of apical vesicle formation from the trans-Golgi network

Polarized epithelial cells efficiently sort newly-synthesized apical and basolateral proteins into distinct transport carriers that emerge from the trans-Golgi network (TGN), and this sorting may be recapitulated in nonpolarized cells. While the targeting signals of basolaterally-destined proteins are generally cytoplasmically-disposed, apical sorting signals are not typically accessible to the cytosol, and the transport machinery required for segregation and export of apical cargo remain largely unknown. We are interested in identifying the molecular requirements for TGN export of the apical marker influenza hemagglutinin (HA). To identify cytosolic proteins responsible for HA export from the TGN, we developed an in vitro assay to measure this process. We found that HA export does not require the brefeldin A-sensitive GTPase ARF1, but does depend on the GTPase dynamin 2. Furthermore, using biochemical fractionation, we identified the adaptor protein 14-3-3 epsilon as an effector of HA export from the TGN. This work 1) establishes a method to accurately observe anterograde TGN export of an apical cargo, 2) characterizes a requirement for GTP in vesicle formation, and 3) identifies a novel component in trafficking from the TGN. We expand these studies by comparing HA export to the release of basolateral cargo, showing that nonpolarized cells are capable of differentially sorting distinct classes of cargo into discrete vesicles derived from the TGN. Together, these data further our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying apical transmembrane protein export from the TGN.
Improved Accuracy of Watershed-Scale General Circulation Model Runoff Using Deep Neural Networks

Projecting impacts of climate change on water resources is a vital research task, and general circulation models (GCMs) are important tools for this work. However, the spatial resolution of downscaled GCMs makes them difficult to apply to non-grid conforming scales relevant to water resources management: individual watersheds. Machine learning techniques like deep neural networks (DNNs) may address this issue. Here we use a DNN to predict monthly watershed-scale runoff (i.e., stream discharge divided by watershed area) from monthly gridded and downscaled Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) GCM hydroclimatic fluxes (i.e., precipitation, evapotranspiration, and temperature). We used hydroclimatic fluxes, biotic, and abiotic characteristics from 2,731 watersheds in the conterminous United States to train and test a DNN that can predict watershed-scale runoff. The DNN described 93% (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.962) of the variability in observed runoff and was temporally and spatially robust. The median absolute error (MAE) of DNN predictions was approximately 25 percentage points lower than that of gridded, downscaled GCM runoff or monthly normal runoff (i.e., 30-year average of runoff observations at the watershed-outlet). DNN monthly runoff predictions had the lowest MAE of all the grid-to-watershed-scale conversion approaches we tested, including: linear ridge regression, support vector machines, extreme gradient boosting, and artificial neural networks. We demonstrated why using DNNs to convert gridded GCM hydroclimatic fluxes to watershed-scales is relevant to water resources research and management. We also provided a methods guide for hydrologists interested in implementing machine learning techniques.
Tissue microarray: Current perspectives in pathology

Tissue microarray technology involves core needle biopsies of multiple tissues constructed in the same block. It is a new method used to analyze several hundred tissues, especially tumor samples at a single slide. It may be prepared from archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues or from fresh tissues by cryoarray. One difficulty with paraffin-embedded tissues is due to antigenic changes in proteins and mRNA degradation induced by the fixation and embedding processes. But it is shown that many proteins retain their antigenity for more than 60 years. Since it provides to study a parameter for 100-1000 samples on a single slide, community based retrospective cohort studies will be available. The equipments are commercially available for microarray technique. Predicting the response of chemotherapeu tics, comparison of met hods, testing interlaboratory and
Theoretical and Statistical Approaches to Understand Human Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy Inheritance

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been widely observed to cause a variety of human diseases, especially late-onset neurodegenerative disorders. The prevalence of mitochondrial diseases caused by mtDNA mutation is approximately 1 in 5,000 of the population. There is no effective way to treat patients carrying pathogenic mtDNA mutation; therefore preventing transmission of mutant mtDNA became an important strategy. However, transmission of human mtDNA mutation is complicated by a large intergenerational random shift in heteroplasmy level causing uncertainty for genetic counseling. The aim of this dissertation is to gain insight into how human mtDNA heteroplasmy is inherited. By working closely with our experimental collaborators, the computational simulation of mouse embryogenesis has been developed in our lab using their measurements of mouse mtDNA copy number. This experimental-computational interplay shows that the variation of offspring heteroplasmy level has been largely generated by random partition of mtDNA molecules during preand early postimplantation development. By adapting a set of probability functions developed to describe the segregation of allele frequencies under a pure random drift process, we now can model mtDNA heteroplasmy distribution using parameters estimated from experimental data. The absence of an estimate of sampling error of mtDNA heteroplasmy variance may largely affect the biological interpretation drawn from this high-order statistic, thereby we have developed three different methods to estimate sampling error values for mtDNA heteroplasmy variance. Applying this error estimation to the comparison of mouse to human mtDNA heteroplasmy variance reveals the difference of the mitochondrial genetic bottleneck between these organisms. In humans, the mothers who carry a high proportion of m.3243A>G mutation tend to have fewer daughters than sons. This offspring gender bias has been revealed by applying basic statistical tests on the human clinical pedigrees carrying this mtDNA mutation. This gender bias may partially determine the mtDNA mutation level among female family members. In conclusion, the application of population genetic theory, statistical analysis, and computational simulation help us gain understanding of human mtDNA heteroplasmy inheritance. The results of these studies would be of benefit to both scientific research and clinical application.
Molecular Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Geographic Origin within an Ex Situ Germplasm Collection of Cherimoya by Using SSRs

Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) is an underused fruit crop with a clear niche for expansion in subtropical climates. In this study, 16 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were used to find molecular polymorphisms among 279 cherimoya accessions from a worldwide ex situ field germplasm collection. A total of 79 amplification fragments were amplified with 16 pairs of SSR primers, with an average of 4.9 bands/SSR. Mean expected and observed heterozygosities averaged 0.53 and 0.44, respectively. The total value for the probability of identity was 4.34 · 10 -8 . The SSRs studied resulted in 267 different fingerprinting profiles, of which 258 were unique genotypes; the rest were putative cases of synonymies or mislabeling errors. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis indicated the relationships among the analyzed accessions, showing some specific groups related to their geographical origins. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was performed to examine the distribution of genetic variation of the 148 accessions collected from putative cherimoya origin areas in Ecuador and Peru, showing that the major variations occurred within valleys in each country. The results confirmed the usefulness of microsatellites for identification of genetic diversity and geographic origin of cherimoya and are discussed in terms of their implications for ex situ conservation of cherimoya genetic resources. The cherimoya belongs to the Annonaceae, or soursop, family, which is included within the order Magnoliales in the basal Angiosperm clade Magnoliid. Annonaceae is one of the largest tropical and subtropical families of trees, shrubs, and lianas. It has about 135 genera and 2500 species distributed worldwide, 900 of which are found in the Neotropics (Chatrou et al., 2004). Three genera in the Annonaceae (Annona L., Rollinia St.-Hil., and Asimina Adans.) contain species with edible fruit, such as cherimoya (A. cherimola), sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.), atemoya (a hybrid between A. cher- imola and A. squamosa), soursop (Annona muricata L.), custard apple (Annona reticulata L.), ilama (Annona diversifolia Saff.), soncoya (Annona purpurea Moc. et Sesse), biriba (Rollinia mucosa Baill.), and pawpaw (Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal. ), all of them nondomesticated or in an incipient stage of domesti-