Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lettuce production in a greenhouse under fertigation with nitrogen and potassium silicate

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium silicate on the productive and commercial aspects of curly lettuce, Vera cultivar. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD), with ten treatments and three replications. The treatments, arranged in a factorial design according to the Plan Puebla III matrix (Turrent & Laird, 1975), consisted of the combination of five doses of nitrogen (9; 54; 90; 126 and 171 kg ha -1 ) and five doses of potassium silicate (1.15; 6.90; 11.50; 16.10 and 21.85 kg ha -1 ). A control treatment without application of nitrogen and potassium silicate was also inserted. The crop was grown in a greenhouse and the doses were applied as sidedressing using drip micro-irrigation system. Total fresh matter, commercial fresh matter, non-commercial fresh matter, number of leaves and commercial trade index were evaluated. The commercial fresh matter and the number of commercial leaves per plant were affected only by nitrogen fertigation and increased linearly with the increase in the nitrogen dose of N, with the best responses observed at the highest dose of this element (171 kg ha -1 ). Potassium silicate had effect only in non-commercial fresh matter, not influencing the other characteristics.
Comparison between one layer and bilayer surface Plasmon resonance optical fiber chemical sensor

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) - based plastic optical fiber has been provided as a sensor to estimating the refractive index and then the concentration of specific chemical samples. Two configurations were suggested for a design. The first was through using a single layer of gold with a thickness of about 40nm deposited on a 10mm portion in the middle of plastic optical fiber. In the second configuration, a bilayer deposited on the fiber. This bilayer consisted of a gold layer with a thickness of about 30 nm and an aluminum layer with a thickness of about 30 nm. Both of these configurations utilized as a chemical sensor. The resonance wavelength for the bilayer-based sensor was higher than that of the single-layer sensor for all studied chemical samples. The highest resonance wavelength was for the salt-water solution with a concentration of 30%. For the salt-water solution with a concentration of 30%, the resonance wavelength with the bilayer-based sensor was 568nm while it was 540nm with the single-layer sensor.
What Is the Active Prevalence of COVID-19?

We provide a method to track the active prevalence of COVID-19 in real time, correcting for time-varying sample selection in symptom-based testing data and incomplete tracking of recovered cases and fatalities. Our method only requires publicly available data on positive testing rates in combination with one parameter, which we estimate based on a representative randomized sample of nearly 10,000 individuals tested in Utah in May and June 2020. We validate our method using external studies in Indiana in April 2020 and two counties in Utah in March 2021. In all three locations and times, our estimates of latent prevalence are within the 95 percent confidence intervals of prevalence estimates from randomized testing. Applying our method to all 50 states, we show that true prevalence is 2-3 times higher than publicly reported.
Barbaloin Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Rats and Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Inflammatory Responses in BV2 Microglial Cells

Background: Barbaloin (BAR) is a bioactive anthracycline derived from the leaf exudates of aloe plants with a variety of biological and pharmacological properties. The present study was performed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of BAR against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats as well as the possible underlying mechanisms. Middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion was used to induce cerebral I/R injury in rats, and BAR was administered intraperitoneally after the onset of ischemia. Results: We found that BAR remarkably improved neurological scores, reduced brain infarct volume, and inhibited neuronal apoptosis in cerebral I/R rats. Furthermore, BAR up-regulated Bcl-2 protein levels and down-regulated Bax, active caspase-3, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in ischemic cortex. I/R injury-induced increases in malondialdehyde content and decreases in glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly attenuated by BAR administration. In vitro, BAR pretreatment inhibited the contents of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, iNOS, and interleukin-6) and reduced protein levels of iNOS and nuclear expression of nuclear factor-κB p65 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Conclusion: Taken together, our data suggest that BAR possesses neuroprotective effects against cerebral I/R injury through anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities.
In silico screening of potentially bioactive-anti-functional dyspepsia constituents of Magnoliae officinalis Cortex based on molecular docking and network pharmacology

Purpose: To screen for bioactive anti-functional dyspepsia compounds from Magnoliae officinalis Cortex (Hou Po) and to identify the mechanism(s) of action involved.Methods: The compounds of Hou Po were collected from the literature. The related target proteins were identified from DrugBank. Through “Libdock” module of Discovery Studio 3.5, the compounds were matched with related target proteins. Taking the Libdock score of the original ligand with target protein as standard, components with higher scores than this standard were considered as potential bioactive compounds. Based on Cytoscape software, the interaction networks of the bioactive compound-target protein complexes were mapped. On the other hand, the online DAVID database was used to analyze the GO enrichment and KEGG pathway of each target.Results: A total of 199 chemical constituents and 13 correlated target proteins were obtained. One hundred and thirty-nine (139) potential bioactive constituents were acquired based on molecular docking. Thirty-one (31) bioactive compounds were selected based on degree values in networkanalysis. “Palmitone” and “magnolignan G” which had the highest degree values were considered promising and leading compounds. The result of gene enrichment analysis showed that the bioactive compounds exerted their effects mainly via “neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction” pathway and “Cholinergic synapse” pathways.Conclusion: Based on molecular docking and network pharmacology technique, the material basis for the use of Hou Po in the treatment of FD has been revealed. This finding provides a useful guide in the development of Hou Po-based anti-FD drugs. Keywords: Magnolia officinalis, Hou Po, Molecular docking, Functional dyspepsia, Network pharmacology
Does Problem Base Learning Effective to Improve Decision Making Skills Student?

Learning is an activity that is very important in improving student skills. Problem-based learning model is a learning model that aims to improve students’ ability to make decisions. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of problem-based learning in improving students’ skills in making decisions. The sample of this research is 40 students of the Guidance and Counseling Department, who are taking the Self Development Counselor course, Muria Kudus University, Indonesia. The result of the skills is t count 2.06 > t table 2.03, the value of the creative character results in t count 2.327 > t table 2.03. Based on the data analysis, it is concluded that the implementation of problem-based learning is effective in improving students’ ability to make decisions.
Intelligent and Stable Next Generation HetNets with Self-aggregated Framework

The malfunctioning of critical infrastructure causes high-quality deterioration, financial effect and loss of life in a town in the present scenario. It is essential to check the cost-effectiveness and reliability of the quality of critical infrastructures in the pandemic situation. Sensitive monitoring of an infrastructure is costly but necessary, in which fault identification and corrective action are needed at service levels to avoid cascading failures with minimal communication latency. With enhanced expense, resource, and process performance, the growing population in smart cities demanded a high living standard, rigorously straining energy, city services, and infrastructure. Intelligent houses, intelligent transport and smart buildings linked with intelligent networks are three pillars of the smart city initiative. In this paper, an improved framework for enhanced Quality of Service with higher performance in a 5G network is presented. A detailed description of reconfigurable intelligent Smart networks and reconfiguration analysis at various layers are also discussed. SDN and NFV, with the help of an intelligent SDN controller, provide the context for managing a multi-objective heterogeneous network. For self-optimization and self-healing, multiple clustering heuristics are useful for managing these networks at the various locations of smart projects.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Some Quinoline and Oxadiazole Derivatives

In continuance of our search for newer antiproliferative agents we report herein the synthesis and antiproliferative studies of two series (5a–j and 10a–c) of heterocyclic compounds. All the new compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, and mass spectral data. The antiproliferative activity of 10 compounds (5a–j) was carried out on HeLa (cervix cancer cell line) and MDA-MB-435 (melanoma) and LC50, TGI, and GI50 were calculated, while the antiproliferative activity of 3 compounds (10a–c) was carried out against nine different panels of nearly 60 cell lines (NCI-60) according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI US) Protocol at 10 μM. 1-(7-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoquinolin-1(2H)-yl)-3-(4-methoxylphenyl)urea (5j) was found to have antiproliferative activity with GI50 of 35.1 μM against HeLa (cervix cancer cell line) and 60.4 μM against MDA-MB-435 (melanoma), respectively. The compounds 10a, 10b, and 10c showed antiproliferative activity with comparatively higher selectivity towards HOP-92 (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer) with percent growth inhibitions (GIs) of 34.14, 35.29, and 31.59, respectively.
Effects of skim milk concentrate dry matter and spray drying air temperature on formation of capsules with varying particle size and the survival microbial cultures in a microcapsule matrix

ABSTRACT The impact of total solid (TS) content in combination with the feed rate and air inlet temperature on the survival of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei F19 after spray drying in a skim milk matrix has been investigated and correlated with the capsule size. Depending on the experimental conditions, the survival rates ranged from 64 to 0.2%. The higher the air inlet temperature, the lower was the survival rate and an inversely correlation between the TS content and particle size has been determined. These results clearly indicate that process stress analyses and product-related characteristics must not be regarded separately.
Maternal Time Use Drives Suboptimal Complementary Feeding Practices in the El Niño-Affected Eastern Ethiopia Community

Ethiopia is affected by recurrent drought and food-insecurity crises, including El Niño. El Niño started in mid-2014, worsened in 2015, and continued in 2016, leading to a widespread food-insecurity emergency resulting in a surge in the rate of acute malnutrition in infants due to suboptimal feeding practices. This study explored how El Niño influenced complementary feeding practices in the eastern Ethiopia community from March to September 2016. It was an exploratory qualitative study with a basic interpretative qualitative approach. A general inductive approach was used for the analysis. The study involved 11 focus group discussions (FGD) with a total of 76 people, including three with mothers, three with Health Development Army (HDA) leaders, two with fathers, two with traditional birth attendants, and one with religious leaders. El Niño resulted in failed crops and loss of livestock, resulting in reduced dietary diversity and meal frequency. El Niño resulted in suboptimal complementary feeding practices by reducing food access and altering livelihood and coping strategies, reducing the time mothers allocated to child feeding, keeping them away from home, and stressing community health services. The maternal suboptimal time allocation is central to the poor complementary feeding practices. Thus, the women should be supported with climate-resilient livelihood options in their villages, allowing them to feed their children and attend education sessions with HDA leaders.
Evaluation of Winter Wheat Yield Simulation Based on Assimilating LAI Retrieved From Networked Optical and SAR Remotely Sensed Images Into the WOFOST Model

To obtain sufficient observation data and simulate higher-precision crop yields, a crop yield simulation scheme was built based on the WOrld FOod STudies (WOFOST) crop growth model and a 4-D ensemble square root filter (4-DEnSRF) assimilation algorithm, and the time series of the leaf area index (LAI) retrieved by optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) networking data was introduced into the crop yield estimation scheme. Taking Shenzhou County, Hebei Province, as the study area, using the field-measured data as verification data, the regional application of winter wheat yield estimation was effectively carried out with a grid size of 500 m. Comparisons were made between the simulated yields based on different networked data of three key phenologies of winter wheat. The regional yield estimation results revealed an $R^{2}$ and normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) between the simulated yield based on optical LAIs and the field-measured yield of 0.517 and 17.60%, respectively, while the $R^{2}$ and NRMSE between the simulated yield based on networked optical-SAR LAIs filtered by the Gaussian filtering algorithm (GFA) and the field-measured yield were 0.573 and 12.98%, respectively. From the comparisons between the simulated yields based on networked data of different combinations of key phenologies, the $R^{2}$ and NRMSE between the simulated yield based on the introduced SAR LAI at the jointing stage and the field-measured yield were 0.437 and 21.49%, respectively, and were higher correlation among the three modes of networked data of different combinations of key phenologies. The winter wheat yield simulation results showed that the introduction of SAR LAIs at key crop growth stages (especially the jointing and booting stage) as outer observation data had a mild impact on the value of simulated winter wheat yield. Moreover, Gaussian filtering could reduce errors caused by multisource networked data to a certain extent. Thus, it can be concluded that using some radar images instead of optical images to retrieve LAI and assimilating multisource remotely sensed LAI into the crop model to simulate crop yield could enhance the reliability and robustness of the crop yield simulation system to some extent.
Joint Server Selection, Cooperative Offloading and Handover in Multi-Access Edge Computing Wireless Network: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

Multi-access edge computing (MEC) is the key enabling technology that supports compute-intensive applications in 5G networks. By deploying powerful servers at the edge of wireless networks, MEC can extend the computational capacity of the mobile devices by migrating compute-intensive tasks to the MEC servers. In this paper, we consider a multi-user MEC wireless network in which multiple mobile devices can associate and perform computation offloading via wireless channels to MEC servers attached to the base stations (BSs). The decision whether the computation task is executed locally at the user device or to be offloaded for MEC server execution should be adaptive to the time-varying network dynamics. Taking into account the dynamic of the environment, we propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based approach to solve the formulated nonconvex problem of minimizing computation cost in terms of total delay. However, real-world networks tend to have a large number of users and MEC servers involving large numbers of different actions (continuous and discrete), where evaluating the combination of every possible action becomes impractical. Therefore, conventional DRL methods may be difficult or even impossible to directly apply to the proposed model. Based on the recursive decomposition of the action space available to each state, we propose a DRL-based algorithm for joint server selection, cooperative offloading, and handover in a multi-access edge wireless network. Numerical results show that the proposed DRL based algorithm significantly outperforms the traditional Q-learning method and local computation in terms of task success rate and total delay.
Orduda Sosyal Hizmet: Terör Gazilerinin Depresyon ve Yaşam Doyumunun Değerlendirilmesi

Bu calisma teror gazilerinin sosyo-demografik ozelliklerini ve depresyon ile yasam doyumu duzeyleri arasindaki iliskiyi ortaya koymayi amaclamaktadir. Arastirmada nicel arastirma tasarimindan yararlanilmis olup, arastirmanin orneklemini terorle mucadelede aktif olarak rol alarak eve donus yapmis 225 teror gazisi olusturmaktadir. Veri toplama araci olarak arastirmaci tarafindan hazirlanmis olan yari-yapilandirilmis sosyo-demografik formdan, Diener ve arkadaslari (1985) tarafindan gelistirilmis yasam doyumu olceginden ve Beck ve arkadaslari (1961) tarafindan hazirlanmis Beck depresyon olceginden yararlanilmistir. Arastirma sonuclari incelendiginde katilimcilarin terorle mucadelede aktif olarak gorev aldiklari sure ortalamasi 5,27 yil olarak bulunmus olup katilimcilarin %61.3’u arkadasinin sehit olusuna; %82.2’si arkadasinin yaralanmasina taniklik ettigi bulunmustur. Teror gazilerinin %91.1’i ruyasinda silahli catismada yer aldigini gordugunu, %66.7’si ruh sagliginin terorle mucadeleden olumsuz yonde etkilendigini belirtmistir. Katilimcilarin depresyon ile yasam doyumu duzeyleri arasinda negatif yonlu anlamli bir iliski bulunmustur. Arastirma bulgularinin etkili orduda sosyal hizmet uygulamalarina onemli katkilar saglayacagi degerlendirilmektedir.
EMI Noise Reduction for the Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter With A Modified Harmonic Filter Design

Harmonics and conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) are two main issues in grid-connected inverter system. In this article, a modified LCL-LC harmonic filter is structured to strengthen its EMI suppression ability. Considering the common mode and differential mode EMI propagation paths, the traditional LCL-LC filter is split into a symmetrical topology, and with the midpoint of the split filtering capacitors connected to the midpoint of the dc-link capacitor. Compared to the traditional LCL-LC filter, the modified one can maintain the satisfied harmonic attenuation ability and strengthen the EMI suppression. Also, a double closed-loop control strategy is employed to solve the severe resonance problem caused by the harmonic filter. Moreover, a system calibration method is proposed and introduced to design the controller parameters to improve the high-order grid-connected system's stability. A comprehensive analysis and discussions concerning the traditional and modified LCL-LC filters are conducted in simulation and experiment on a 2 kW/220 V/50 Hz single-phase grid-connected inverter. The results have verified the feasibility of the proposed design method, and shown the superiority of the modified LCL-LC filter and active damping strategy in EMI mitigation. Besides, the weight and volume of the harmonic filter can be significantly reduced through this strategy.
Polycaprolactone–Polyaniline Blend: Effects of the Addition of Cysteine on the Structural and Molecular Properties

Organic molecule conjugates usually arrange themselves into complex multiphase systems that are sensitive to processing and local chemical environment. Moreover, these conjugates are able to self-assemble at different scales, varying from nano- to macroscale. In addition, intermolecular interactions introduce structural variations in the molecular packing and large-scale ordering, which directly affects different physicochemical properties of the materials. Herein, we study the synthesis of polymer blends based on poly(e)-caprolactone (PCL) with polyaniline (PANI) doped with the amino acid N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Samples were prepared either through solution casting or via electrospinning methods. The materials were characterized regarding their morphological, structural, and molecular properties at different length scales. From the results obtained, the relationship between changes in blend properties and different NAC concentrations was determined. Deep structural details have been unveiled by using .
Permeability of MgCl2- Graphite Reactive Compound

Mass transfer limitations due to decreasing permeabilities of the absorbing matrix has been observed to decrease the performance of thermochemical energy storage systems. In this study, the permeability of a reactive complex consisting ammoniated magnesium chloride salt and graphite was measured. It was shown that the permeability of the compound depends on the bulk density of the compound, as well as the amount of NH3absorbed in the magnesium chloride matrix. Additionally, the permeability of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) ammoniate reactive compound is compared with the permeability of the manganese chloride (MnCl2) reactive compound reported by other researchers. The two salts have similar reactions with ammonia gas with similar reaction kinetics. Although the graphite contents of the reactive compounds were different, it is shown that the permeabilities of both compounds are within the same order of magnitude. However, it is shown that upon absorbing ammonia, the permeability decrease in magnesium chloride compound was larger than the decrease of permeability in the manganese chloride compound.
Sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes dominate the emissions of
downy birches

Abstract. Even though isoprene and monoterpene (MT) emissions of boreal needle trees have been studied quite intensively, there is less knowledge on the emissions of broadleaved deciduous trees and emissions of larger terpenes and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs). Here we studied the downy birch (Betula pubescens) leaf emissions of terpenes, OVOCs and green leaf volatiles (GLVs) at the SMEAR II boreal forest site using in situ gas chromatographs with mass spectrometers in 2017 and 2019. The highest emissions were detected during the early growing season, indicating that bud break and early leaf growth are a strong source of these compounds. Sesquiterpenes (SQTs) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OSQTs) were the main emitted compounds almost throughout the summer. Mean emissions (averaged over bud break/early/main and late growing season) of SQTs and OSQTs were 5–690 and 46–650 ng gdw−1 h−1, respectively. Isoprene emissions were very low or below detection limits (seasonal means