Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The dS/CFT correspondence The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters

: A holographic duality is proposed relating quantum gravity on dS D (D-dimensional de Sitter space) to conformal (cid:12)eld theory on a single S D − 1 ((D-1)-sphere), in which bulk de Sitter correlators with points on the boundary are related to CFT correlators on the sphere, and points on I + (the future boundary of dS D ) are mapped to the antipodal points on S D − 1 relative to those on I − . For the case of dS 3 , which is analyzed in some detail, the central charge of the CFT 2 is computed in an analysis of the asymptotic symmetry group at I (cid:6) . This dS/CFT proposal is supported by the computation of correlation functions of a massive scalar (cid:12)eld. In general the dual CFT may be non-unitary and (if for example there are suf-(cid:12)cently massive stable scalars) contain complex conformal weights. We also consider the physical region O − of dS 3 corresponding to the causal past of a timelike observer, whose holographic dual lives on a plane rather than a sphere. O − can be foliated by asymptotically ﬂat spacelike slices. Time evolution along these slices is generated by L 0 + (cid:22) L 0 , and is dual to scale transformations in the boundary CFT 2 .
Masters Thesis: Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Spatio-temporal Planning

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an area of Machine Learning (ML) concerned with learning how a software-defined agent should act in an environment to maximize the rewards. Similar to many ML methods, RL suffers from the curse of dimensionality, the exponential increase in solution space with the increase in problem dimensions. Learning the hierarchy present in underlying problems, formulated using the Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) framework, may exploit inherent structure in the environment. Using the hierarchical structure, an MDP can be divided into several simpler semi-MDPs (SMDPs) having temporally extended actions. The solutions of smaller SMDPs can then be re-combined to form a solution for the original MDP. The methods for Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) explore ways to break down the original problem into SMDPs while providing several opportunities for state and temporal abstractions. A novel algorithm for learning this hierarchical structure of a discrete-state goaloriented Factored-MDP (FMDP) is proposed in the thesis work taking into account the causal structure of the problem domain with the use of Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) model. The proposed method autonomously learns the state and temporal abstractions in the problem domain and constructs a hierarchy of SMDPs using them. Such a decomposition results in decreasing the problem state dimensions to be considered for solving each SMDP and, hence, reducing the computational complexity induced due to increased dimensionality. Master of Science Thesis Shambhuraj Sawant
High speed AlGaAs/GaAs HBT circuits for optical fiber communications

Summary form only given. With AlGaAs-GaAs HBTs, a number of ultrahigh speed circuits for time division multiplexing (TDM) optical links have been reported. The state-of-the-art speed performance of these circuits is summarized. GaAs HBT technology is expected to support a 40 Gb/s TDM optical network; research and development are being carried out to achieve this.
Modulation of Retroviral Restriction and Proteasome Inhibitor-Resistant Turnover by Changes in the TRIM5 (cid:2) B-Box 2 Domain (cid:1)

An intact B-box 2 domain is essential for the antiretroviral activity of TRIM5 (cid:1) . We modeled the structure of the B-box 2 domain of TRIM5 (cid:1) based on the existing three-dimensional structure of the B-box 2 domain of human TRIM29. Using this model, we altered the residues predicted to be exposed on the surface of this globular structure. Most of the alanine substitutions in these residues exerted little effect on the antiretroviral activity of human TRIM5 (cid:1) hu or rhesus monkey TRIM5 (cid:1) rh . However, alteration of arginine 119 of TRIM5 (cid:1) hu or the corresponding arginine 121 of TRIM5 (cid:1) rh diminished the abilities of the proteins to restrict retroviral infection without affecting trimerization or recognition of the viral capsid. The abilities of these functionally defective TRIM5 (cid:1) proteins to accelerate the uncoating of the targeted retroviral capsid were abolished. Removal of the positively charged side chain from B-box 2 arginines 119/120/121 resulted in diminished proteasome-independent turnover of TRIM5 (cid:1) and the related restriction factor TRIMCyp.
Studies on the CO 2 Capture by Coal Fly Ash Zeolites: Process Design and Simulation

: At present, mitigating carbon emissions from energy production and industrial processes is more relevant than ever to limit climate change. The widespread implementation of carbon capture technologies requires the development of cost-effective and selective adsorbents with high CO 2 capture capacity and low thermal recovery. Coal ﬂy ash has been extensively studied as a raw material for the synthesis of low-cost zeolite-like adsorbents for CO 2 capture. Laboratory tests for CO 2 adsorption onto coal ﬂy ash zeolites (CFAZ) reveal promising results, but detailed computational studies are required to clarify the applicability of these materials as CO 2 adsorbents on a pilot and industrial scale. The present study provides results for the validation of a simulation model for the design of adsorption columns for CO 2 capture on CFAZ based on the experimental equilibrium and dynamic adsorption on a laboratory scale. The simulations were performed using ProSim DAC dynamic adsorption software to study mass transfer and energy balance in the thermal swing adsorption mode and in the most widely operated adsorption unit conﬁguration.
International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research

The present experiment titled “pre harvest bagging enhanced quality and shelf life of mango cv. Amrapali” was conducted during the year 2017 at the mango orchard near the Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. The research was carried out in the Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Mango fruits were bagged at 35, 45 and 55 days after fruit set with different types of bags which constituted various treatments viz.: T1: Transparent polythene bag, T2: White paper single layered bag, T3: Brown paper double layered bag, T4: control (no bagging). In fruit, physical parameter result bagged at 35 days after fruit set with white paper and brown paper bag recorded maximum fruit length (91.2 and 106.4 mm), fruit diameter (65.27 and 78.67 mm), fruit weight (207.8 g and 380.6 g), pulp weight (163.6 g and 195.4 g) respectively, and minimum result was found in polythene bag and control. Meanwhile in fruit chemical parameter of total sugar, reducing and non-reducing sugars, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, pH and β-carotene were improved over control. Brown paper bag changed fruit color. The sensory qualities in fruits of brown and white paper bags were International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research ISSN: 2455-6939 Volume:05, Issue:04 "July-August 2019" www.ijaer. in Copyright © IJAER 2019, All rights reserved Page 413 improved over control. Fruits treated with brown paper bag showed shelf life upto 14.67 days with lowest weight loss and good physical quality as against 4 days of polythene bag fruits. These results specify that fruit bagging at 35 to 45 days after fruit set can improve fruit quality through diminution in disease and insect-pest infestation and shelf life of mango cv. Amrapali.
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Genetics Codon Usage Codon Usage

“non-optimal” codons in a gene, respectively. Stop codons and codons for methionine, tryptophan, and other amino acids whose optimal codons are undetermined are excluded from the calculation. degeneracy; most (18 of in the Codons the Both in prokaryotic the
Basal and Reovirus-Induced Beta Interferon (IFN- (cid:2) ) and IFN- (cid:2) -Stimulated Gene Expression Are Cell Type Speciﬁc in the Cardiac Protective Response

Viral myocarditis is an important human disease, with a wide variety of viruses implicated. Cardiac myocytes are not replenished yet are critical for host survival and thus may have a unique response to infection. Previously, we determined that the extent of reovirus induction of beta interferon (IFN- (cid:1) ) and IFN- (cid:1) -mediated protection in primary cardiac myocyte cultures was inversely correlated with the extent of reovirus-induced cardiac damage in a mouse model. Surprisingly, and in contrast, the IFN- (cid:1) response did not determine reovirus replication in skeletal muscle cells. Here we compared the IFN- (cid:1) response in cardiac myocytes to that in primary cardiac ﬁbroblast cultures, a readily replenished cardiac cell type. We compared basal and reovirus-induced expression of IFN- (cid:1) , IRF-7 (an interferon-stimulated gene [ISG] that further induces IFN- (cid:1) ), and another ISG (561) in the two cell types by using real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Basal IFN- (cid:1) , IRF-7, and 561 expression was higher in cardiac myocytes than in cardiac ﬁbroblasts. Reovirus T3D induced greater expression of IFN- (cid:1) in cardiac myocytes than in cardiac ﬁbroblasts but equivalent expression of IRF-7 and 561 in the two cell types (though fold induction for IRF-7 and 561 was higher in ﬁbroblasts than in myocytes because of the differences in basal expression). Interestingly, while reovirus replicated to equivalent titers in cardiac myocytes and cardiac ﬁbroblasts, removal of IFN- (cid:1) resulted in 10-fold-greater reovirus replication in the ﬁbroblasts than in the myocytes. Together the data suggest that the IFN- (cid:1) response controls reovirus replication equivalently in the two cell types. In the absence of reovirus-induced IFN- (cid:1) , however, reovirus replicates to higher titers in cardiac ﬁbroblasts than in cardiac myocytes, suggesting that the higher basal IFN- (cid:1) and ISG expression in myocytes may play an important protective role.
A field theory approach to Lindstedt series for hyperbolic tori in three time scales problems

Interacting systems consisting of two rotators and a pendulum are considered, in a case in which the uncoupled systems have three very different characteristic time scales. The abundance of unstable quasiperiodic motions in phase space is studied via the Lindstedt series regarded as a sum of Feynman graphs and studied with renormalization group techniques based on Eliasson’s work on KAM tori. The result is a strong improvement, compared to our previous results, on the domain of validity of bounds that imply existence of invariant tori, large homoclinic angles, long heteroclinic chains, and drift-diffusion in phase space.
Membrane Glycoproteins from Spermatozoa: Partial Characterization of an Integral Mr Molecule from Rat Spermatozoa That during Epididymal Maturation1

Spermatozoa from the rat cauda epididymidis were treated with either the galactose oxidase -NaB[3 H] (cid:1) or the NaIO4-NaB (cid:1)3 H]4 technique to label cell surface moieties of galactose and sialic acid, respectively. Following extraction with 40 mM octyl-(cid:1)3-D-glucopyranoside (OBG), electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gels (SDS-PAGE) revealed a single radioactive peak migrating at Mr “24,000 in 11.2%, 14% and 16.8% tube gels. SDS-PAGE of the same OBG extract on 5.6% and 14% gels showed that this molecule was the same as that reported elsewhere, having a molecular weight varying from 32,000 to 37,000. The amount of labeled molecule extracted with 8 M urea or with 6 M guanidine-HC1 was 30 and 50%, respectively, of that achieved with OBG. However, when labeled sperm were treated under other conditions (at pH 8, pH 3, 0.1-3 M NaC1 [at pH 7.2], 5 mM the labeled molecule extracted was less 1% aggregates as shown by chromatography using Sephadex G-100 and by centrifugation through a sucrose density gradient. Analysis by charge-shift electrophoresis suggested that the molecule contains an exposed hydrophobic domain(s). Mild trypsin treatment released all the labeled carbohydrate with the majority of the label attached to a Mr = 10,000 fragment. These data support the hypothesis that the molecule is an integral membrane glycoprotein, and suggest that it is only partially buried in the lipid matrix of the plasma membrane.
The “Pupil” Factory: Specialization and the Production of Human Capital in Schools †

I conducted a randomized field experiment in traditional public elementary schools in Houston , Texas designed to test the potential productivity benefits of teacher specialization. The average impact of encouraging schools to specialize their teachers on student achievement is − 0.11 standard deviations per year on a combined index of math and reading test scores. I argue that the results are consistent with a model in which the benefits of specialization driven by sorting teachers into a subset of subjects based on comparative advantage is outweighed by inefficient pedagogy due to having fewer interactions with each student , though other mechanisms are possible. ( JEL D31,
Nef-Induced CD4 Endocytosis in Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1 Host Cells: Role of p56 lck Kinase (cid:1) §

Human immunodeﬁciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef interferes with the endocytic machinery to modulate the cell surface expression of CD4. However, the basal trafﬁcking of CD4 is governed by different rules in the target cells of HIV-1: whereas CD4 is rapidly internalized from the cell surface in myeloid cells, CD4 is stabilized at the plasma membrane through its interaction with the p56 lck kinase in lymphoid cells. In this study, we showed that Nef was able to downregulate CD4 in both lymphoid and myeloid cell lines but that an increase in the internalization rate of CD4 could be observed only in lymphoid cells. Expression of p56 lck in nonlymphoid CD4-expressing cells restores the ability of Nef in order to increase the internalization rate of CD4. Concurrent with this observation, the expression of a p56 lck -binding-deﬁcient mutant of CD4 in lymphoid cells abrogates the Nef-induced acceleration of CD4 internalization. We also show that the expression of Nef causes a decrease in the association of p56 lck with cell surface-expressed CD4. Regardless of the presence of p56 lck , the downregulation of CD4 by Nef was followed by CD4 degradation. Our results imply that Nef uses distinct mecha- nisms to downregulate the cell surface expression levels of CD4 in either lymphoid or myeloid target cells of HIV-1.
Discovering Hotspots with Photographic Location and Altitude from Geo-tagged Photographs

—A hotspot is an interesting place where many people go sightseeing. A place where many photographs have been taken (which we call a hotspot) might be an interesting place for many people to visit. Analyzing such places is important to promote industries such as those related to tourism. To identify hotspots, most existing research applies a grid-based or density-based clustering algorithm, such as density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) or mean shift. When applying such methods to hotspot detection, the features used for clustering are latitude and longitude. Therefore, the identiﬁed hotspots are visualized in a two-dimensional space. However, large areas, landmarks, and buildings may include elevated hotspots or multiple hotspots with different altitudes, which cannot be distinguished by latitude and longitude. Therefore, in this research, we propose methods for identifying hotspots based on altitude, in addition to latitude and longitude, and visualizing these hotspots in a three-dimensional space. We propose two types of method, based on density-based and grid-based clustering, that use these features. The ﬁrst method is one that improves ST-DBSCAN, which clusters data based on spatial and time features. The other method is an extension of general grid-based clustering using these features. As an example application, we classiﬁed the identiﬁed hotspots as shooting spots, observation spots, areas of interest, and others. We demonstrate our approach by identifying hotspots in a three-dimensional space using photographs obtained from Flickr, and discuss the usefulness of detecting hotspots using altitude in addition to latitude and longitude.
PERCEPTION OF SOCIAL VALUES

1 Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom 2 School of Psychology, Cardiff University, United Kingdom 3 Institut für Psychologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany 4 School of Psychology, Massey University, New Zealand 5 Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brazil 6 Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil 7 Common Cause Foundation, United Kingdom
Homogenization and kinetic models in extended phase space

This paper reviews recent results obtained in collaboration with E. Bernard and E. Caglioti on the homogenization problem for the linear Boltzmann equation for a monokinetic population of particles set in a periodically perforated domain, assuming that particles are absorbed by the holes. We distinguish a critical scale for the hole radius in terms of the distance between neighboring holes, derive the homogenized equation under this scaling assumption, and study the asymptotic mass loss rate in the long time limit. The homogenized equation so obtained is set on an extended phase space as it involves an extra time variable, which is the time since the last jump in the stochastic process driving the linear Boltzmann equation. The present paper proposes a new proof of exponential decay for the mass which is based on a priori estimates on the homogenized equation instead of the renewal theorem used in [Bernard-Caglioti-Golse, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 42 (2010), 2082–2113].
title : DIRT / 3 D maize root phenotyping 1 2 DIRT / 3 D : 3 D root phenotyping for field-grown maize ( Zea mays ) 3 4 5

30 The development of crops with deeper roots holds substantial promise to mitigate the consequences of climate 31 change. Deeper roots are an essential factor to improve water uptake as a way to enhance crop resilience to drought, 32 to increase nitrogen capture, to reduce fertilizer inputs, and to increase carbon sequestration from the atmosphere to 33 improve soil organic fertility. A major bottleneck to achieving these improvements is high-throughput phenotyping 34 to quantify root phenotypes of field-grown roots. We address this bottleneck with DIRT/3D, an image-based 3D root 35 phenotyping platform, which measures 18 architecture traits from mature field-grown maize (Zea mays) root crowns 36 excavated with the Shovelomics technique. DIRT/3D reliably computed all 18 traits, including distance between 37 whorls and the number, angles, and diameters of nodal roots, on a test panel of 12 contrasting maize genotypes. The 38 computed results were validated through comparison with manual measurements. Overall, we observed a coefficient 39 of determination of r>0.84 and a high broad-sense heritability of Hmean 2 > 0.6 for all but one trait. The average 40 values of the 18 traits and a developed descriptor to characterize a complete root architecture distinguished all 41 genotypes. DIRT/3D is a step towards automated quantification of highly occluded maize root crowns. Therefore, 42 © The Author(s) (2021) . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /plphys/advance-ar.1093/plphys/kiab311/6317839 by gest on 09 uly 2021
Frailty phenotype characteristics of Community-dwelling frail elderly people in a sub-district

The study was aimed to determine the physical frailty phenotype among community-dwelling elderly people in a northern sub-district. The subjects of 48 frail elderly people (17.2%) were reported among 280 volunteers age of 60 years and more. In clinical practice frailty can be diagnosed using Fried criteria, requiring at least three of the five indicators: 1) unintentional weight loss (4.5 kilogram in past year); 2) self-report exhaustion; 3) grip strength weakness; 4) slow walking speed; and 5) low physical activity. Two common phenotypic variances were poor muscle strength or hand grip weakness (87.5%), and exhaustion (83.3%), followed by slowness (68.8%), low physical activity (68.8%), and unintentional weight loss (25.0%), respectively.
MODULAR INVARIANT OF QUANTUM TORI II: THE GOLDEN MEAN

In (2) a modular invariant j qt (�) of the quantum torus T(�) was defined. In this paper, we consider the case of�=' = the golden mean. We show that j qt (')≈ 9538.249655644 by producing an explicit formula for it involving weighted versions of the Rogers-Ramanujan functions.
ONE OF YOUR NEIGHBORS IS A SWINGER: WHY DON’T MARKETING ACADEMICS CARE? INTRODUCING CONSENSUAL NON-MONOGAMY

Lifestyle marketing in the lifestyle. Marketing academics have long ignored a group of consumers that represent a growing aspect of the population that provide an opportunity for both businesses and academic research. Consensual non-monogamy (CNM). CNM is an umbrella term used to describe a wide range of behaviors in which members of a relationship agree to engage in sexual, romantic, or emotional relationships with other parties. There are many subsets within this group that could provide interesting segmentation opportunities for marketers. Other academic fields have begun to conduct research concerning CNM, but the marketing field has not yet approached the topic nor examined this large and growing set of consumers that likely have unique characteristics making them appealing to both researchers and practitioners. Perhaps many marketing academics consider the topic taboo or insignificant to add to their research stream, but the author points out that the market is real, growing, and too substantial to ignore despite apprehensions about discussing the topic in our field. Consumer interest and spending related to CNM are on the rise and should be of greater interest to marketers. Consumers that participate in CNM represent a group with significant economic clout as well as unique and sometimes counter intuitive behavioral traits that require further examination. By reviewing the extant research, it becomes clear that CNM, attitudes toward it, and traits of consumers who engage in it, are prominent issues being explored by scholars in several fields. It also becomes clear however that the subject has not yet been embraced by marketing academics or the broader business community. The author calls for further research and provides an agenda and research questions regarding how to approach this long ignored and yet important group ovf consumers.