Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radial Basis Function and K-Nearest Neighbor Classifiers for Studying Heart Rate Signals during Meditation

Meditation refers to a family of self- regulation practices that focus on training attention and awareness in order to bring mental processes under greater voluntary control. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of two different classifiers, k- Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) and Radial Basis Function (RBF), on the heart rate signals in a specific psychological state. For this purpose, two types of heart rate time series (before, and during meditation) of 25 healthy women are collected in the meditation clinic in Mashhad. The spectral parameters are used to gain insight into the autonomic nervous system (ANS) response induced by meditation. Therefore, very low frequency, low frequency, high frequency, the LF/HF ratio and frequency of the highest spectral peak of heart rate signals are extracted and used as inputs of the classifiers. To evaluate performance of the classifiers, the classification accuracies and mean square error (MSE) of the classifiers were examined. The classification results of this study denote that the RBF classifier trained on spectral features obtains higher accuracy than that of k-NN classifier. The total classification accuracy of the RBF classifier is 92.3% with 0.026 classification error. However, k-Nearest Neighbor classifier gives encouraging results (86.5%). Experimental results verify that radial basis function is an efficient classifier for classifying heart rate signals in a specific psychological state.
Characterization of the DT ice layer in a fusion capsule using a two-dimensional x-ray shearing interferometer

This article presents the design and simulated performance of a two-dimensional x-ray shearing interferometer wavefront sensor. In particular, this phase sensitive x-ray wavefront sensor is evaluated for its ability to perform metrology on the DT ice layer in an inertial confinement fusion capsule. The interferometer uses crossed phase gratings in a single plane and is capable of operation over a wide range of x-ray energies by varying the grating material and thickness. The wave-front sensor is insensitive to vibrations and, unlike X-RayTalbot interferometers, recovers the full two-dimensional phase profile of the x-ray beam rather than the gradient in only one dimension.
Arctic ice clouds over northern Sweden: microphysical properties studied with the Balloon-borne Ice Cloud particle Imager B-ICI

Abstract. Ice particle and cloud properties such as particle size, particle shape and number concentration influence the net radiation effect of cirrus clouds. Measurements of these features are of great interest for the improvement of weather and climate models, especially for the Arctic region. In this study, balloon-borne in situ measurements of Arctic cirrus clouds have been analysed for the first time with respect to their origin. Eight cirrus cloud measurements have been carried out in Kiruna (68∘ N), Sweden, using the Balloon-borne Ice Cloud particle Imager (B-ICI). Ice particle diameters between 10 and 1200 µm have been found and the shape could be recognized from 20 µm upwards. Great variability in particle size and shape is observed. This cannot simply be explained by local environmental conditions. However, if sorted by cirrus origin, wind and weather conditions, the observed differences can be assessed. Number concentrations between 3 and 400 L−1 have been measured, but the number concentration has reached values above 100 L−1 only for two cases. These two cirrus clouds are of in situ origin and have been associated with waves. For all other measurements, the maximum ice particle concentration is below 50 L−1 and for one in situ origin cirrus case only 3 L−1. In the case of in situ origin clouds, the particles are all smaller than 350 µm diameter. The PSDs for liquid origin clouds are much broader with particle sizes between 10 and 1200 µm. Furthermore, it is striking that in the case of in situ origin clouds almost all particles are compact (61 %) or irregular (25 %) when examining the particle shape. In liquid origin clouds, on the other hand, most particles are irregular (48 %), rosettes (25 %) or columnar (14 %). There are hardly any plates in cirrus regardless of their origin. It is also noticeable that in the case of liquid origin clouds the rosettes and columnar particles are almost all hollow.
6.3.4 - Software in Measuring Instruments: Ways of Constructing Secure Systems

In the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), the number of connected devices is expected to exceed 25 billion in the year 2020. This also concerns legal metrology. Legal metrology comprises measuring instruments that are employed for commercial or administrative purposes or for measurements which are of public interest. More than 100 million legally relevant meters are in use in Germany. The central concern of legal metrology is to protect and ensure trust. For software, this also means that applications must be stable and withstand attacks. These attacks increase in all areas where devices are connected via an open network, i.e. the internet. Additionally, measuring instruments have evolved into powerful universal devices with unsecure system architectures. Such IT systems, running conventional operating systems, can be hardly secured. One solution to enforce security is by creating a component-based architecture which modularizes the critical software parts and isolates them. In this paper some methods are described, which can be used to achieve software separation, and therefore enhance security and flexibility.
Log pluricanonical representations and abundance conjecture

We prove the finiteness of log pluricanonical representations for projective log canonical pairs with semi-ample log canonical divisor. As a corollary, we obtain that the log canonical divisor of a projective semi log canonical pair is semi-ample if and only if so is the log canonical divisor of its normalization. We also treat many other applications.
Modelling of Changes in Evapotranspiration for an Area in Peninsular Malaysia

A study was carried out to check the sensitivity of evapotranspiration estimation due to changes in climate. The study used 30 years of data from the meteorological station in the FELCRA paddy estate, Seberang Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. The effect of changes in the climatic variables, temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity and wind speed on evapotranspiration were analyzed. Results showed that the mean temperature, mean relative humidity, mean wind speed, and net global radiation have changed by + 0.182 oC, -0.73%, -0.0365 mis, and +0.146 MJ/m2 respectively per decade, while the short wave radiation received has decreased by 0.0037 MJ/m2 per decade. The statistical analysis of the evapotranspiration estimations using selected methods showed that the Penman-Monteith, Blaney-Criddle and Pan evaporation methods give similar estimations (P = 0.05) and are suitable for the study area. When changes to the present climate are imposed for future decades, the over-estimation rate is linear with the Blaney-Criddle and Penman methods whereas for the PenmanMonteith method it is exponential. The overall increment expected after 5 decades is 5.3% and 6.9% with Penman and Blaney-Criddle methods respectively. The Penman-Monteith shows a 74.4% increment in the evapotranspiration over the next five decades.
Enhancement of the Solubility of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs through Solid Dispersion: A Comprehensive Review

Solubility is an important determinant in drug liberation and hence drug absorption, which plays a key role in oral bioavailability of formulations. The dissolution rate of a drug directly depends upon its solubility. Most of the new drugs have poor water solubility; thereby pose a difficulty in formulating into drug delivery systems. Therefore, solubility enhancement of poorly water soluble drugs is one of the necessary preformulation steps in the pharmaceutical product development research. Solid dispersion is a unique and promising approach for enhancing the dissolution characteristics and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The present review highlights portrayal of solid dispersions, its types including eutectic mixtures and solid solutions, method of preparation and also the useful carriers for the preparation of solid dispersions. Furthermore, the wide research conducted hitherto on solid dispersions for enhancing solubility of different efficacious drugs, challenges encountered in the development of solid dispersions and recent advancements to overcome its pitfalls have also been elaborated.
PREDICTED SIZES OF PRESSURE-SUPPORTED HI CLOUDS IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF THE VIRGO CLUSTER

Using data from the ALFALFA AGES Arecibo HI survey of galaxies and the Virgo cluster X-ray pressure profiles from XMM-Newton, we investigate the possibility that starless dark HI clumps, also known as “dark galaxies,” are supported by external pressure in the surrounding intercluster medium. We find that the starless HI clump masses, velocity dispersions, and positions allow these clumps to be in pressure equilibrium with the X-ray gas near the virial radius of the Virgo cluster. We predict the sizes of these clumps to range from 1 to 10 kpc, in agreement with the range of sizes found for spatially resolved HI starless clumps outside of Virgo. Based on the predicted HI surface density of the Virgo sources, as well as a sample of other similar resolved ALFALFA HI dark clumps with follow-up optical/radio observations, we predict that most of the HI dark clumps are on the cusp of forming stars. These HI sources therefore mark the transition between starless HI clouds and dwarf galaxies with stars.
The Relative Distribution of Otoliths as a Means of Larval Fish Identification

A recently developed auditory brainstem response (ABR) protocol has indicated that acoustically evoked brainwaves in fishes are species-specific. These brainwaves reflect the spatial distribution of auditory nuclei and the 3 auditory end organs along the ascending auditory neuronal pathways. Species-specific brainwaves suggest the hypothesis that the distribution of otoliths, which are closely coupled with sensory hair cells whose evoked response forms the 1st wave of the ABR, should also be species-specific. Eight species of marine fish larvae (belonging to 8 genera and 4 families) collected from Taiwan and Texas, USA were cleared in trypsin and examined microscopically with double polarization filters. Three indices (inter-utricular ratio, IUR; inter-saccular ratio, ISR; and inter-lagena ratio, ILR) were developed to measure the ratio of inter-otolithic to inter-orbital distances. IUR and ISR succeeded in separating species, but ILR was not as useful because of late development of the lagena. This study supports the hypothesis that the distribution of otoliths in fish larvae differs among species.
LIFE CYCLE IMPACTS OF NORTH AMERICAN WOOD PANEL MANUFACTURING

Abstract. Manufacturing building products such as wood panels has environmental impacts, including contributions to climate change. This paper is a compilation of four studies quantifying these impacts using the life-cycle assessment (LCA) method on five wood-based panel products made in North America during 2012. LCA is an internationally accepted and standardized method for evaluating the environmental impacts of products. Using LCA, holistic environmental impacts were calculated based on survey data from mills on emissions to air and water, solid waste, energy consumption, and resource use. The present study incorporated cradle-to-gate production of nonwood materials including additives and energy products, such as natural gas and coal, consumed at the production facilities. In addition, primary transport of wood materials to the production facilities was included. These primary data were entered in LCA modeling software on a production unit of 1 m 3 of the panel to estimate manufacturing gate-to-gate life-cycle inventory (LCI) flows and major environmental impacts. The LCI flows and environmental impacts were converted to a functional unit of 1 m 2 of the wood panel (i.e., final product) produced. The following products were evaluated with their stated panel thicknesses in millimeters: oriented strandboard (9.5), southeast (SE) and Pacific Northwest (PNW) softwood plywood (9.5), cellulosic fiberboard (12.7), and hardboard (3.2). Results are provided here on cumulative primary energy consumption and global warming impacts. Cumulative primary energy consumption was 74.0, 73.5 (SE), 68.7 (PNW), 76.0, and 88.3 MJ/m 2 , with biomass energy percentage of 50%, 50% (SE), 64% (PNW), 12%, and 47 %, respectively. Global warming impact was 1.97, 1.90 (SE), 1.23 (PNW), 3.91, and 2.47 kg CO 2 -equivalent/m 2 , respectively. The panel products evaluated here are mostly not interchangeable, thus results for the panel products should not be compared. Using woody biomass energy for panel production reduces their impact on climate change.
SKIN APPENDAGEAL IMMUNE REACTIVITY IN A CASE OF CUTANEOUS LUPUS REAKTYWNO ŚĆ IMMUNOLOGICZNA PRZYDATKÓW SKÓRY NA PRZYKËADZIE PRZYPADKU SKÓRNEJ POSTACI TOCZNIA

Background: Discoid lupus erythematosus is a cutaneous disease with a worldwide distribution, and its pathogenesi s remains unclear. Case Report: A 41 year old male was evaluated for hair loss, in patches on the scalp. We studied selected adaptor proteins expressed in T, natural killer, neutrophil and mast cells; these proteins are important mediators for antigen recep tor signaling in situ. Methods: Skin biopsies for hematoxylin and eosin examination, as well as for direct immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed. Results: Hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated classi c features of lupus with focal dermal scarring; epi dermal atrophy was noted, with lymphohistiocytic infiltrat es around the skin appendages. Direct immunofluoresence revealed classic, lupus band positive staining along the dermal/epidermal juncti on. In addition, immune reactants were identified i n neurovascular areas, and around pilosebaceous units. Immunohistochemistry staining showed positive staining for the T-cell antigen rec eptor zeta chain, the linker for activation of T cells, myeloperoxidase, cyclo-oxyge nase 2, melanoma-associated antigen 1, B cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 associated X protein, and BCL-2 markers. The positive staining was observed within the dermal inflammatory infiltrate , around pilosebaceous units, upper dermal blood vessels, and focally within eccr ine sweat glands. Conclusions: The pathobiology of cutaneous lupus involves not only the epidermis, but also dermal pilosebaceous u nits, eccrine sweat glands and blood vessels. Furth er studies are recommended, especially in the light of presented data regarding T cell activation and proapototic molecules.
A preliminary look at the potential for variable rate fertilization for rolling land in the Brown Soil Zone

We are reporting on one year of results of an experiment to evaluate the potential for variable rate application of N, P, and seed to increase the economic returns for stubble-seeded spring wheat on rolling landscapes in the Brown soil zone. There was little yield response to either P or seeding rates and no important differences in the response by landscape position. There was a good yield response to N and the response was greater on the lower slopes than the upper slopes. However, a simple economic analysis showed that there was no economic advantage to varying the N rate by landscape position and, in fact, an economic disadvantage to varying N rate when using a single N-P fertilizer blend. Introduction Recent developments in knowing ones location with the aid of satellite transmissions (GPS) combined with the underlying knowledge that response to inputs is not uniform across real fields has spurred interest among growers in applying inputs at different rates in different parts of the field. The goal is to apply inputs on small areas of the field at rates that produce the greatest economic benefit over that small area thereby raising realized profits on a field basis. Although not a primary concern among growers, nitrate contamination of groundwater and enrichment of surface runoff with P are the major water quality concerns on the prairies. Thus, if variable fertilizer rates reduces over-fertilization, it could also serve to protect water quality. The objective of this paper was to give an first-year indication of the value of variable application rates of N, P, and seed on rolling land in the Brown soil zone.
Modeling WordNet Type Thesaurus for Uzbek Language Semantic Dictionary

These days creating the corpus of texts for Uzbek language, creating and developing linguistic databases, search-engine systems – are one of the crucial tasks of computational linguistics. Particularly, electronic dictionary-thesauruses, semantic dictionaries are one of them. Dictionary-thesaurus formation structure for Uzbek language, transferring the terminological dictionary into the e-version and implementing rules for establishing semantic relations between words where it gives a chance to establish automation linguistic processes of dictionary-thesauruses, which is the foundation of linguistic databases. Analyzing logical structure of paper-based dictionary thesauruses has given a chance to formalize its structure and creating rules for converting to e-version of dictionary-thesaurus syllables by using predicates language. Descriptors system is suggested in PROLOG language rules set for constructing e-version of dictionary – syllables.
Effect of repeated implants of oestradiol-17b on beef palatability in Brahman and Braham cross steers finished to different market end points

The effect of repeated implantation with 20mg oestradiol-17b (Compudose 100) on carcass and meat quality traits was investigated using 478Bos indicusandB. indicus ·Bos tauruscross steers finished on either pasture or grain to achieve carcass weight for one of three market end points (domestic, 220kg; Korean, 280kg; or Japanese, 340kg). In the oestradiol-17b treatment group, animals were administered implants at ~100-day intervals, with the number of implants administered to any steer ranging from one to eight. Cattle were slaughtered and at boning the anterior portion of the M. longissimus lumborum was removed and frozen after aging for 1 day for later objective meat quality measurements (shear force, compression and cook loss %). The adjoining portion was aged for 14 days before consumer sensory testing using the Meat Standards Australia protocols. Each sample was scored for tenderness, juiciness, like flavour and overall liking by 10 untrained consumers. Implanting increased carcass weights and ossification scores (P 0.05) on sensory scores, or objective meat tenderness.
SOURCE, PATH AND SITE EFFECTS IN THE EPICENTRAL AREA OF THE 1997-98 UMBRIA MARCHE SEQUENCE (CENTRAL ITALY)

The simulation of deterministic scenarios needs the knowledge of spectral parameters of seismic sources, propagation and site transfer functions. The results of this study represent the estimates of the spectral parameters characterizing the ground motion from weak to moderate earthquakes in the Umbria-Marche area (Central Italy). This region was recently struck by a seismic sequence that started on September 1997 and ended on June 1998. The whole seismic sequence consisted of several moderate magnitude earthquakes (Mw 6) that ruptured normal faults oriented along the main trend of the Central Apennines. We analyzed strong-motion spectra recorded during the sequence using a non parametric inversion. We found that the attenuation can be described by the frequency dependent quality factor Q(f) = 49f up to 8 Hz and Q = 318 at frequencies higher than 8 Hz and by the geometrical spreading G(r)=r . The source spectra are omega-square shaped with an average stress drop equal to (2 ±1) MPa. Since strong site effects were recognized for most of the analyzed stations, the simulation of deterministic scenarios should account for site amplification. Therefore the validity of the site transfer functions was checked through standard methods such as horizontal to vertical spectral ratios HVRS and 1D propagation models of S waves through horizontally stratified soil columns. The different techniques provided consistent results, both in shape and amplitude, except for those stations located on deep alluvium basin where 2D effects cannot be neglected. The spectral parameters obtained with the inversion have been used to simulate the strong motions recorded during several events occurred in the area using point source and finite fault models.
Singular spectrum analysis for image processing

A digital image is generally encoded as a matrix of grey level or colour values. In the case of grey level images, each element of the matrix is a grey level, in the case of colour images each element of the grid is a triplet of values for red, green and blue components. The two main sources of errors in image processing are categorized as blur and noise. Blur is intrinsic to image acquisition systems as digital images have a finite number of samples. Noise is another source of error; as indicated below there are different types of noise. The search for efficient denoising methods is still a valid challenge in image processing [1]. In this paper we use the celebrated ‘Lena’ image to illustrate the performance of SSA for the problem of image denoising. We also introduce SSArelated distances between images and argue that these distances can be much more informative than the currently used L2-based distances.
Investigating the Function of Hemogen during Erythroid Differentiation

Hemogen is a murine protein expressed in active sites of hematopoiesis during embryogenesis and in the adult. Hemogen's function has not been clearly elucidated. Evidences suggest Hemogen's role in erythroid differentiation. Hemogen expression coincides with active sites of erythropoiesis. p-globin expression is a hallmark of erythroid differentiation. Proteomic data suggests that Hemogen associates with MafK which is part of the NF-E2 complex that acts as an activator of fi-globin during erythroid differentiation. To gain insight into Hemogen's mechanistic function during erythroid differentiation, we attempted to decipher Hemogen's associating proteins during erythroid differentiation. We generated a Hemogen antibody functional in Hemogen immunoprecipitation (IP). We performed Hemogen IP and used mass spectrometry to identify putative Hemogen interacting proteins within the Hemogen IP elution. Our immuno-fluorescence microscopy (IFM) images of endogenous Hemogen revealed Hemogen as a nuclear protein within murine eiythroleukemia cells before and after differentiation. In line with our IFM images, the majority of candidates identified within our putative list of Hemogen associating proteins are transcription regulators. Hemogen expression progressively increased with erythroid differentiation. Hence, Hemogen may function as a transcriptional regulator during erythroid differentiation.
Combining Beamforming With Space-time Block Coding in Massive MIMO System

An eigen-beamforming combined space-time block coding technique is proposed in massive MIMO systems. At the transmitter, utilize massive MIMO to form orthogonal beams, and then space-time block code is transmitted on these beams. At the receiver, space-time block code is decoded according to traditional decoding algorithm. The proposed technique can obtain diversity gain and beamforming gain simultaneously. Simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed technique.