Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronic toxicity of monosodium glutamate on the reproductive system and some internal organs of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is commonly used to enhance the tastes food . It is composed of sodium salt and amino acids . Although MSG is considered safe at the consumption level, its adverse effects have been reported . The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of MSG on the brain, liver, kidney, testes, and ovaries of zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) which were chronically exposed to MSG from the embryo stage to the adult stage . Additionally, the fertilization rate and hatching rate of zebrafish embryos were also analyzed . Zebrafish were randomly divided into four groups and treated with MSG at 0, 10, 100 and 1,000 mg/l, respectively for 60 days . Before sacrifice for histopathological study, the fishes in each group were mated and the embryos were collected and analyzed for the numbers, survival rate and hatching rate . The results showed that the liver and kidneys of fishes in the MSG - exposed groups had a significantly higher lesion score ( P <0.05) compared to the control group . All fish from the MSG - exposed groups had diffuse hepatocyte swelling and hepatic congestion . Renal congestion and a decrease in the number of distal convoluted tubules were observed . Zebrafish from the 1,000 mg/l MSG - exposed group did not spawn after placing them in the mating tank . The number of embryos from the 100 mg/l MSG - exposed group was lower than the 10 mg/l MSG - exposed group and the control group . The survival rate of fertilized embryos (after 120 hours) from the 100 mg/l MSG - treated group was significantly lower than the control group . In summary, the results from this study showed that exposure to MSG for 60 days induced lesions to the liver and the kidneys and decreased the reproductive performance of zebrafish . glutamate, zebrafish
Assessment of Time Since Death using Forensic Autopsies based on the Presence of Rigor Mortis– A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Time since death is an important topic that plays major role in forensic medicine. The accurate determination of time since death is found to be helpful in medico legal investigation. Advancements in the methods for estimating time since death have enabled us to determine post-mortem interval more precisely. Since the 1850s, scientists have been working on different methods to determine post-mortem interval. Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess the time since death using method of rigor mortis in the autopsies done at the mortuary of Osmania General Hospital. Materials and Methods: About 500 medico-legal autopsies were selected where the exact time of death was known and the body had been kept at prevailing room temperature. A good quality digital hygrometer was used to note the daily readings of temperature and humidity. Presence or absence of rigor mortis and its extent was noticed in both voluntary and involuntary muscles. Results: More unnatural deaths are in suspicious circumstances are occurring in males when compared to females. The average duration for onset of rigor mortis was 8 hours and 39 minutes. The minimum duration in which rigor mortis had begun to appear in the body was 1 hour and 35 minutes while the longest maximum by which rigor mortis had not completely appeared in the body was 24 hours. Conclusion: Rigor mortis has been used for assessment of time since death from long time. It is considered to be the most important and interesting method to estimate the time since death.
Relationship of Vigour Tests and Seed Lots to Cotton Seedling Establishment

Two seed lots of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) were artificially deteriorated to provide sub-lots with high viability but a range of seed vigour. Standard germination of the sub-lots ranged from 72.0 % to 92% and averaged 82.7 %. The cold test results of non-deteriorated seeds were closely related to standard germination results in both seed lots, but averaged 24 and 27 percentage points lower respectively in medium and low quality seeds. The results of accelerated-ageing root length after three days, Q 0 2-uptake and conductivity tests also showed significant differences between different quality levels as well as between lots. The results of the vigour tests (except conductivity) were significantly correlated with seedling establishment in the field. High quality seeds emerged more rapidly and produced a higher final seedling establishment than deteriorated seeds. Seeds of hand picked and laboratory ginned lots were of better quality than mechanically harvested and commercially ginned seeds.
Properties of some time dependent probability failure functions in reliability theory

We consider systems having many independent components connected in a parallel or series configuration with non-identical failure distributions. A time dependent measure is proposed which evaluate the probability that a failure of the system occurred at a specified component under the condition that the system has failed by some time. We proved several properties of this measure for parallel and serial systems. References R. E. Barlow and F. Proschan. Importance of System Components and Fault Tree Events. Stochastic Processes and their Applications , 3 :153--173, 1975. F. Beichelt and K. Fischer. General failure model applied to preventive maintenance policies. IEEE Trans. Rel. , 29 :39--41, 1980. J. H. Cha and J. Mi. Some Probability Functions in Reliability and Their Applications. Naval Research Logistics. , 54 :128--135, 2007. doi:10.1002/nav.20192 D. R. Cox. Regression models and life-tables (with discussion). J. R. Stat. Soc. , B34 :187--208, 1972. R. C. Gupta and R. D. Gupta. Proportional reversed hazard rate model and its applications. J. Statist. Plann. Inference , 137 :3525--3536, 2007. doi:10.1016/j.jspi. 2007.03.029 R. C. Gupta, R. D. Gupta and P. L. Gupta. Modeling failure time data by Lehman alternatives. Comm. Statist. Theory Methods , 27 :887--904, 1998. doi:10.1080/03610929808832134 T. Nakagava. Generalized models for determining optimal number of minimal repairs before replacement. J. Operat. Res. Soc. Japan , 24 :325--357, 1981. T. J. O'Neill. The inverse Proportional Hazards Model. Stat. and Prob. Letters , 12 :125--129, 1991. doi:10.1016/0167-7152(91)90055-V M. Shaked, and J. G. Shanthikumar. Stochastic Orders. , Springer, 2007. S. H. Sheu, and W. S. Griffith. Optimal number of minimal repairs before replacement of a system subject to shocks. Naval Res. Logist. , 43 :319--333, 1996. 3.0. CO;2-C">doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6750(199604)43:3 3.0. CO;2-C
Isolation by Distance and the Problem of the Twenty-First Century

abstract Isolation-by-distance models are part of the institutional creed of antiracialism used to critique claims of biological race concepts (BRCs). Proponents of antiracialism appeal to isolation-by-distance models to describe patterns of human genetic differences among and between groups as a function of distance. Isolation by distance has been referred to as the pattern that human genetic variation fits, distributing the differences we see as race throughout geographic space as a series of Gaussian gradients. Contemporary scientific critiques of BRCs fuse social constructionist race concepts with a description of the distribution of proportions of human genetic variation in geographic space as a function of distance. These two points are often followed by statements noting that there is only one human race. How these two concepts connect to each other, and whether or not they connect at all, is unclear in both academic and nonacademic spaces. Consequently, scientists and the public lack an understanding of human population structure and its relationships to varying systems of human interactions. This article reviews isolation-by-distance models in population genetics and the use of these models in the modern problem of human difference. The article presents a historical and conceptual review of isolation-by-distance models and contemporary scientific critiques of BRCs, followed by examples of the use of isolation-by-distance models in studies of human genetic variation. To address the shortcomings in the scientific critique of race, the author proposes combining Du Boisian demography with Darwinian evolutionary biology. From a Du Boisian demographic perspective, race is a product of racism, or race/ism, and is a heredity and inheritance system based on rules of partus sequitur ventrem and hypodescent. Race marks individuals and groups them to reproduce unequal relationships into which Europeans co-opted them. This synthesis propounds a new racial formation theory to understand the more general consequences of racism on genes and health outcomes.
Aerosol hygroscopic properties : a laboratory approach for single and multi-component inorganic particles of atmospheric relevance

Les aerosols atmospheriques jouent un role essentiel sur l’equilibre energetique de la planete et ont egalement un impact important sur la sante humaine. Le dernier rapport d’evaluation du Groupe d’Experts Intergouvernemental sur l’Evolution du Climat (GIEC) souligne que le niveau d’incertitude du forcage radiatif des aerosols est particulierement eleve. Ceci est principalement du aux effets complexes et mal quantifies des proprietes chimiques, physiques et optiques des aerosols. En particulier, une humidite relative elevee (RH) augmente la quantite de vapeur d’eau captee par les particules d’aerosol atmospheriques, ce qui modifie leurs tailles, leurs morphologies et leurs composition chimiques et donc leurs proprietes optiques. Les mesures in situ des proprietes des aerosols (coefficients de diffusion et d’absorption, distribution en taille) sont generalement obtenues dans des conditions seches (RH <40%). Or dans l’atmosphere les aerosols existent a humidite plus importante. Il est donc essentiel de connaitre l’evolution des proprietes physico-chimiques et optiques des particules d’aerosol a differentes humidites relatives, afin d’ameliorer les estimations des forcages radiatifs de l’aerosol. Le but de ce travail est d’etudier l’evolution des proprietes optiques (diffusion et absorption), physiques (taille) des aerosols a differentes humidites, en s’appuyant sur des mesures de laboratoire a humidite controlee. Des aerosols purs ont ete generes, tels que des particules de silice amorphe (SiO2 ), de chlorure de sodium (NaCl), de sulfate d’ammonium ((NH4)2SO4), de nitrate de sodium (NaNO3 ) et le chlorure de potassium (KCl). L’etude est d’abord realisee a faible humidite relative (≈ 35% RH), ensuite, les mesures sont effectuees a une RH plus elevee (de 40 a 90%) en utilisant deux dispositifs experimentaux differents. La vapeur d’eau captee par l’aerosol, calculee a l’aide du modele thermodynamique E-AIM, provoque un changement de sa taille et de son indice de refraction (RI) qui influence directement ses proprietes optiques . La relation de Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson (ZSR) est appliquee aux melanges d’aerosols et comparee aux mesures experimentales. Les ecarts constates seront presentes et devraient etre utilises pour mieux comprendre l’influence de la vapeur d’eau captee par les aerosols sur le forcage radiatif estime par les modeles climatiques.
The Impact of Facebook Use and Facebook Intrusion on Cognitive Control: Effect in Proactive and Reactive Control

More and more people are using social networking sites, with Facebook being one of the most popular. So far, most of the research on using Facebook has focused on emotional, social, and personality-related factors and few studies have investigated the phenomenon from a cognitive perspective. The aim of our study was, therefore, to identify relationships between cognitive control and Facebook intrusion, with regard to proactive and reactive modes of cognitive control. The study was also designed to investigate the effects of neutral and Facebook-related context. The subjects (N = 80 young adults, Mage = 21.13 years; SD = 1.60) were divided into two groups based on their level of Facebook intrusion. The Facebook Intrusion Scale was used for selection. Using the AX-continuous performance task, we found that subjects with high Facebook intrusion showed more reactive control than their low Facebook intrusion peers. We also demonstrated that all subjects showed less proactive control in a Facebook-related context than in a neutral context. The results were interpreted in the light of the dual mechanism of cognitive control model.
Reducing dolphin bycatch in the Pilbara finfish trawl fishery

The incidental capture of cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) in fishing gear is a serious threat to populations and species worldwide. In Australia, several dolphin populations are being impacted by mortalities through interaction with fisheries, in particular, gillnets, purse-seining, long-lining and trawl fisheries. The capture of dolphins has been a conservation issue in the Pilbara Fish Trawl Interim Managed Fishery (PFTIMF) that was first assessed in 2002 by the Department of Fisheries Western Australia (DoFWA). At that time, an estimated 50 to 100 dolphins were being caught each year. A number of bycatch mitigation techniques were trialed between 2004 and 2007, including pingers (acoustic deterrents) and different exclusion grids, meeting with varying degrees of success (FRDC 2004/068). Due to ongoing dolphin bycatch, successive Ministers for Fisheries have not been prepared to move the fishery beyond ‘Interim Managed’ status. In late 2007, Murdoch University was asked to provide expertise on cetacean behaviour and fisheries interactions in the Pilbara trawl fishery.
Transcriptional analyses of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense from infected mice and in vitro culture

ABSTRACT With the hypothesis that African trypanosomes could have in vivo specific genes for adaptation to host’s environment, the present study was conducted by using suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique to seek the highly expressed genes especially in host. A total of 328 clones from the in vivo SSH library and that of 160 clones from the in vitro SSH library were analyzed in order to determine their expression levels, but none of the above-mentioned genes showed differential expression. This indicates that no trypanosome genes could be differentially expressed either the in vivo or in vitro propagated trypanosomes. Alternatively, there might be limitation for detecting specifically expressed genes in African trypanosomes using this method, because of their polycistronic gene expression. Key Words : differential expression; infection; Trypanosoma brucei The development of axenic culture methods for both bloodstream form (BSF) and procyclic form (PCF) of African trypanosomes (Hirumi and Hirumi 1989; Hirumi and Hirumi 1991) has contributed to further investigation of African trypanosomes. However, this invention has given rise to a question of whether biological characteristics of
Trap Responses of Flying Insects: The Influence of Trap Design on Capture Efficiency

Light traps suction traps pheromone-based and sex lure traps light traps versus pheromone traps flight traps and interceptor traps plant pest responses to visual and olfactory "sticky" traps responses of blood-sucking flies to visual traps animal-baited traps and animal odours attraction of blowflies and their allies to carrion-based traps.
Probabilistic Methods and Rate Heterogeneity

Evolutionary forces such as mutation, drift, and to a certain extent selection are stochastic in their nature. It is thus not surprising that probabilistic Models of sequence evolution quickly became the workhorse of molecular evolution research. The long, ongoing effort to accurately model sequence evolution stems from two different needs. The first is that of evolutionary biologists: Models of sequence evolution allow us to test evolutionary hypotheses to reconstruct phylogenetic trees and ancestral sequences [1–3]. The second is that of bioinformaticians and system biologists— probabilistic/evolutionary methods are critical components in numerous applications. For example, the construction of similarity networks is based upon all-against-all homology searches. Each pairwise evaluation is done using tools such as Blast and Blat [4, 5], which rely on evolutionary models. Additional examples include gene finding and genome annotation [6], alignment algorithms [7, 8], detecting genomic regions of high and low conservation [9, 10], prediction of transcription factor-binding sites [11], function prediction [12], and protein networks analysis [13, 14]. In this chapter, we describe how probabilistic models are used to study
Use of Retroviral Peptide Libraries for the Identification of Novel Cellular Targets of HIV-1 and the Discovery of Novel Inhibitors

Great strides have been made toward understanding and fighting the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 in the thirty years since its discovery (HIV-1). Unfortunately, a true cure remains elusive due to the fact that all of the current pharmaceutical approaches are rendered ineffective by HIV's rapid mutation rate. Furthermore these drugs have severe side effects and, while effective at delaying the onset of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and extending the lifespan of the infected individuals, are very expensive and ultimately fail to stop the virus. Researchers may spend years using rational design approaches to model a drug that would block the active site of an HIV enzyme, to realize the virus develops resistance within several months of treatment. It is therefore imperative to develop novel approaches to finding direct and indirect means of blocking infection. This dissertation describes the adaptation of retroviral technology in order to discover novel peptide inhibitors of HIV-1 or HIV-1-interacting proteins. It describes the development of high-complexity libraries of random peptides, targeted to specific cellular compartments. The aim of these libraries is to block HIV-1 during various discrete steps in its lifecycle : specifically post-entry, pre-integration early events in the cytoplasm or nucleus, and late events such as processing of the viral polypeptide by its Protease enzyme. It also describes the discovery of a potential new binding partner: the COP9 Signalosome complex. The COP9 Signalosome complex, identified through a screen utilizing one of the libraries, could become a potential new target for HIV-1 inhibition. The complex as well as the interacting 14-3-3 Zeta/Delta protein, which was shown to bind only in the presence of HIV-1 proteins, was purified via a novel approach that allows for a rapid, efficient and specific isolation of large protein complexes and their binding partners
Analyzing Variability in Coleus forskohlii Briq. Using RAPD Markers

Coleus forskohlii Briq. is an indigenous medicinal plant with high traditional use in India. Genetic analysis of 37 diverse C. forskohlii genotypes was performed using 25 RAPD primers, which yielded 117 bands, of which 60 (51.28%) were polymorphic providing an average of 3.75 bands per primer. There were no genotype-specific products. The number of bands per primer varied from 1 (OPZ 8&16) to 7 (OPZ 11). Similarity matrix was constructed using Jaccard's Coefficient and the data matrix of coefficient of similarity was subjected to cluster analysis using unweighted pair group methodology with arithmetic average (UPGMA). Cluster analysis resulted in grouping of 37 genotypes into two major clusters. The results indicated that RAPD could be used for genetic diversity analysis in C. forskohlii using higher number of primers as it is reliable, easy, rapid and cost-effective.
Genetic influences on preterm birth

Adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as PTB, PPROM, placental abruption, and preeclampsia, are common and contribute to spontaneous and medically-indicated preterm deliveries, with acute and long-term complications for both the mother and infant. Etiologies underlying such adverse outcomes are not well understood. As maternal and fetal genetic factors may influence these outcomes, we estimated the magnitude of familial aggregation as one index of possible heritable contributions. Using the Missouri Department of Health’s maternally-linked birth certificate database, we performed a retrospective population-based cohort study of births (1989-1997), designating an individual born from an affected pregnancy as the proband for each outcome studied. We estimated the increased risk to siblings compared to the population risk, using the sibling risk ratio, s, and sibling-sibling odds ratio (sib-sib OR), for the adverse pregnancy outcomes of PTB, PPROM, placental abruption, and preeclampsia. Risk to siblings of an affected individual was elevated above the population prevalence of a given disorder, as indicated by S ( S (95% CI): 4.3 (4.0-4.6), 8.2 (6.5-9.9), 4.0 (2.6-5.3), and 4.5 (4.4-4.8), for PTB, PPROM, placental abruption, and preeclampsia, respectively). Risk to siblings of an affected individual was similarly elevated above that of siblings of unaffected individuals, as indicated by the sib-sib OR (sib-sib OR adjusted for known risk factors † This chapter is adapted from: Plunkett J, et al. (2008) Population-based estimate of sibling risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. BMC Genetics, 9:44.
Population biology and evolution of clonal organisms

The best ebooks about Population Biology And Evolution Of Clonal Organisms that you can get for free here by download this Population Biology And Evolution Of Clonal Organisms and save to your desktop. This ebooks is under topic such as population biology and evolution of clonal organisms clonal diversity cell tackling the population genetics of clonal and partially senescence in organisms with clonal reproduction and clonal plants: beyond the patternsÃ¢Â€Â”ecological and review: evolution and disease population biology t evolution of a f reproduction webanford overestimating population sizes of rare clonal plants book reviews taylor & francis online the population genetic structure of clonal organisms in the light of evolution ix: clonal reproduction clonal are bacteria? proceedings of the national academy when can a clonal organism escape senescence? jstor from the academy: colloquium introduction in the light of ecology and physiology of herbivoreinduced changes in plants the population genetic structure of clonal organisms oscillations in continuous culture populations of the inÃ ̄Â¬Â‚uence of recombination on the population structure cloncase: estimation of sex frequency and effective clonal organisms and the benefits of sex researchgate ecosystem evolution is about variation and persistence title: spectrum of genetic diversity and networks of 212 the quarterly review of biology university of chicago current topics in clonal plants research: editorial contrasting abundance and contribution of clonal research open access population genetics of cancer cell cryptic speciation in the cosmopolitan and clonal human kinship and the evolution of social behaviours in the sea an evolutionary genetic perspective on cancer biology fitness and evolution in clonal plants: the impact of genetic mosaicism in animals annual reviews chapter 2 the ecology of altruism in a clonal insect the effects of spatial configuration of populations on the reticulation,phylogeography, and population biology fitness and evolution in clonal plants: the impact of review california institute of technology