Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Incomplete Rating Designs on Results from Many-Facets-Rasch Model Analyses

The Effects of Incomplete Rating Designs on Results from Many-Facets-Rasch Model Analyses Mary R. McEwen Department of Instructional Psychology and Technology, BYU Doctor of Philosophy A rating design is a pre-specified plan for collecting ratings. The best design for a ratermediated assessment both psychometrically and from the perspective of fairness is a fullycrossed design in which all objects are rated by all raters. An incomplete rating design is one in which all objects are not rated by all raters, instead each object is rated by an assigned subset of raters usually to reduce the time and/or cost of the assessment. Human raters have varying propensities to rate severely or leniently. One method of compensating for rater severity is the many-facets Rasch model (MFRM). However, unless the incomplete rating design used to gather the ratings is appropriately linked, the results of the MFRM analysis may not be on the same scale and therefore may not be fairly compared. Given non-trivial numbers of raters and/or objects to rate, there are numerous possible incomplete designs with various levels of linkage. The literature provides little guidance on the extent to which differently linked rating designs might affect the results of a MFRM analysis. Eighty different subsets of data were extracted from a pre-existing fully-crossed rating data set originally gathered from 24 essays rated by eight raters. These subsets represented 20 different incomplete rating designs and four specific assignments of raters to essays. The subsets of rating data were analyzed in Facets software to investigate the effects of incomplete rating designs on the MFRM results. The design attributes related to linkage that were varied in the incomplete designs include (a) rater coverage: the number of raters-per-essay, (b) repetition-size: the number of essays rated in one repetition of the sub-design pattern, (c) design structure: the linking network structure of the incomplete design, and (d) rater order: the specific assignments of raters to essays. A number of plots and graphs were used to visualize the incomplete designs and the rating results. Several measures including the observed and fair averages for raters and essays from the 80 MFRM analyses were compared against the fair averages for the fully-crossed design. Results varied widely depending on different combinations of design attributes and rater orders. Rater coverage had the overall largest effect, with rater order producing larger ranges of values for sparser designs. Many of the observed averages for raters and essays more closely approximated the results from the fully-crossed design than did the adjusted fair-averages, particularly for the more sparsely linked designs. The stability of relative standing measures was unexpectedly low.
Synthesis of ferromagnetic single-crystalline cobalt nanobelts via a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal reduction process

Nanobelts of hexagonal close-packed cobalt have been synthesized by a hydrothermal reduction process at 160 °C. The as-synthesized nanobelts, with a rectangular cross section, are 200–500 nm in diameter, 50–80 nm in thickness and a few hundreds of micrometres in length. The Co nanobelts are single crystalline and grow preferentially along the [001] direction. Furthermore, the coexisting nanosheets with zigzag edges are 2–4 µm in diameter and several tens of nanometres in thickness. The hysteresis loop at room temperature of the as-obtained product shows a ferromagnetic behaviour. In addition, some influential factors as regards the morphologies of the final products were also discussed.
Nanomagnetic Arrays Formed with the Biomineralization Protein Mms6

Many Modern Technologies, such as High Density Data Storage, Require Monodispersed Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs), which Have a Consistent Magnetic Behavior, Specifically Immobilized onto a Patterned Surface. Current Methods for Synthesizing Uniform Mnps Require High Temperatures and Harsh Chemicals, which Is Not Environmentally Friendly. Also, the Particles Are Expensive to Make and Expensive to Pattern Using Conventional Lithography Methods. Magnetic Bacteria Are Able to Synthesize Consistent Mnps in Vivo Using Biomineralization Proteins inside Magnetosome Vesicles to Control Particle Size and Shape and Make Single Domain Mnps. Mms6 Is a Biomineralization Protein that Is Able to Template Cubo-Octahedral MNP Formation in Vitro. it Is Thought the N-Terminus Helps Integrate the Protein into the Magnetosome Membrane, and the C-Terminus Interacts with Magnetite during Nucleation and/or MNP Growth. by Selectively Attaching Mms6 to a Patterned Self Assembled Monolayer via the N-Terminus, Patterns of Uniform Magnetite Mnps Are Templated in Situ. this Also Requires Careful Selection of the Mineralization Solution Used to Mineralize the Patterned Mms6. here we Evaluate some Low Temperature (room Temperature to < 100°C) Methods of Magnetite Formation to Produce Monodispersed Magnetite Mnps onto Immobilized Mms6. Room Temperature Co-Precipitation (RTCP) Was Found to Be Unsuitable, as the Magnetite Does Not Form on the Immobilized Mms6, but Appears to Form Rapidly as Base Is Added. Partial Oxidation of Ferrous Hydroxide (POFH) Was Found to Be Able to Form Consistent Magnetite Mnps on the Immobilized Mms6, as the Reactants Gradually Mature to Form Magnetite over a few Hours (at 80°C) or a few Days (room Temperature). by Carefully Controlling the Type of Base Used, the Ratio of the Reactants and the Temperature and Duration of the POFH Mineralization Reaction, this System Was Optimized to Produce Consistent Mnps (340 ± 54 Nm, Coercivity 109 Oe) on the Immobilized Mms6, with Scarcely any Mineralization on the Anti-Biofouling Background. the Mnps Are Ferrimagnetic, and Appear to Be Exchange Coupled across Multiple Particles in MFM Measurements. the Specificity of this Method towards Precise Magnetite Mineralization under Relatively Mild Conditions May Be Adapted to Nanoscale Patterning of Multiple Biotemplated Materials, by Using other Biomineralization Proteins or Peptides. this Would Allow the Fabrication of Cheaper, More Environmentally Friendly Components for Devices of the Future.
New aspects of fluorescence quenching by molecular oxygen

Fluorescence quenching rate constants k q by molecular oxygen 3 O 2 ( 3 Σ g - ) were measured anthracenecarbonitriles (AC) in acetonitrile and benzene and for five acridinium ions in acetonitrile. The k q 's for acridinium ions decrease with an increase in the free enthalpy change ΔG of full electron transfer from the first excited singlet fluorescer 1 M * to 3 O 2 in acetonitrile and become smaller than one-hundredth of the diffusion-controlled limit, k diff
Scale-Resolved Electrochemical Surface Structuring of Titanium for Biological Applications

These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 2832 (2003)Section des materiauxFaculte des sciences et techniques de l'ingenieurInstitut des materiauxJury: Karine Anselme, Heinrich Hofmann, Andreas Mortensen, Marco Wieland Public defense: 2003-8-22 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-2832Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2016-08-08
Determination of total selenium in serum, whole blood and erythrocytes by ICP-MS

A simple method for measuring selenium in serum by ICP-MS using a 1+14 dilution of a 100 µl sample in a diluent containing 1.0% v/v butan-1-ol to eliminate interferences at 78 Se from argon adduct ions has been shown to be accurate and precise in a 24 month evaluation for routine clinical assays and has been developed to allow analysis of whole blood and erythrocytes. Excellent performances were achieved in two External Quality Control Assessment programmes for the measurement of selenium in serum: Centre du Toxicologie de Quebec and Trace Element Quality Assessment Scheme from the University of Surrey (Guildford). The regression equation for our ICP-MS data versus target values for analysis of Se in 109 sera from November 1996 to March 1998 was: ICP-MS=0.969x Target+0.031 µmol l –l , r=0.996. For serum analysis the detection limit was 0.02 µmol l –1 , and the RSDs at 0.3-2.0 µmol l –1 were 2.0-4.0% within-run and 4.3-10.0% between-run. Initial applications of this method to measuring selenium in whole blood (1+14 dilution) and red blood cells (1+29 dilution) gave detection limits of 0.02 µmol l –1 ; RSDs of 2.1-5.8% within-run, and of 5.0-8.1% between-run, at concentrations of 0.3-2.0 µmol l –1 . Analysis of a whole blood reference sample (Seronorm 404107), with a target concentration of 1.01 µmol l –1 and acceptable range of 1.01-1.15 µmol l –1 , gave 1.06±0.06 µmol l –1 (mean±s).
On Approximate Thompson Sampling with Langevin Algorithms

Thompson sampling for multi-armed bandit problems is known to enjoy favorable performance in both theory and practice. However, its wider deployment is restricted due to a signiﬁcant computational limitation: the need for samples from posterior distributions at every iteration. In practice, this limitation is alleviated by making use of approximate sampling methods, yet provably incorporating approximate samples into Thompson Sampling algorithms remains an open problem. In this work we address this by proposing two efﬁcient Langevin MCMC algorithms tailored to Thompson sampling. The resulting approximate Thompson Sampling algorithms are efﬁciently implementable and provably achieve optimal instance-dependent regret for the Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) problem. To prove these results we derive novel posterior concentration bounds and MCMC convergence rates for log-concave distributions which may be of independent interest.
Monomer Capture in Brookhart's Ni(II) Diimine Olefin Polymerization Catalyst: Static and Dynamic Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Study

A combination of quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics QM/MM has been used to study the capture of ethylene by Brookhart's Ni diimine catalysts of the type (ArNC(R‘)−C(R‘)NAr)NiII−propyl+ with (1) R‘ = H and Ar = H, (2) R‘ = H and Ar = 2,6-C6H3(i-Pr)2, or (3) R‘ = CH3 and Ar = 2,6-C6H3(i-Pr)2. The study made use of both conventional “static” density functional theory (DFT) based calculations as well as slow growth first principle molecular dynamics (FPMD) DFT methods to examine the capture of ethylene. Examination of the static potential energy surface of all three catalyst models 1, 2, and 3 reveals that there is no enthalpic barrier to the capture process. However, both the static and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that there is an entropic barrier to the association that originates from the loss of rotational and translational entropies upon association. The FPMD QM/MM slow growth barriers were calculated to be 7.5, 10.3, and 10.8 kcal/mol at 300 K for catalysts 1, 2, and 3, respectively. A.
Analysis of nuclear quadrupole interaction effects in electron spin‐echo modulation spectra by second‐order perturbation methods

The incorporation of nuclear quadrupole interaction into electron spin‐echo modulation spectra by second‐order perturbation methods has been developed for both two‐pulse and three‐pulse echo sequences. The results have been compared with exact numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian and with a first‐order perturbation treatment. Model calculations have been carried out for deuterium (I=1) and aluminum (I=5/2) nuclei. It is shown that the second‐order expressions can be used to obtain relatively accurate values for the number and distance of interacting nuclei at electron–nuclear distances greater than 0.26 nm. The procedure is more limited when the quadrupolar interaction exceeds the dipolar interaction when neither can be neglected.
Molecular Layer Deposition of Nylon 66 Films Examined Using in Situ FTIR Spectroscopy

Molecular layer deposition (MLD) techniques can utilize sequential, self-limiting surface reactions with bifunctional monomers to grow polymer films. In this study, transmission in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) investigations were utilized to monitor the growth of nylon 66 MLD films using adipoyl chloride (AC) and 1,6-hexanediamine (HD) as the bifunctional monomers. In situ FTIR measurements on high surface area SiO2 powders monitored the linear growth of the integrated absorbance of the N−H, C−H, C−N, and CO stretching vibrations and the CO−N−H bending vibrations versus the number AC and HD sequential exposures. The growth of the integrated absorbance for the nylon 66 features was also self-limiting as a function of the individual AC and HD exposures. In addition to the vibrational modes expected for nylon 66, vibrational features were also observed that were consistent with some ammonium chloride salt incorporated in the film during nylon 66 MLD. The temperature dependence of the nylon 66 growt.
Low symmetry aspects inherent in EMR studies of the orthorhombic to monoclinic structural phase transition in the hexagonal form of barium titanate BaTiO3 doped by Fe3+ ions

Electron magnetic resonance (EMR) studies reveal different spectroscopic properties of transition ions doped in the two crystallographically different forms of barium titanate: cubic (normal) c-BaTiO3 and hexagonal polymorph h-BaTiO3. Recent comparative analysis of EMR data helped to solve the controversy concerning the disparate zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters for Fe3+ ions in c-BaTiO3. This paper deals with the low symmetry aspects inherent in EMR studies of the orthorhombic to monoclinic structural phase transition in h-BaTiO3 doped by Fe3+ ions. Pertinent spin Hamiltonian notations and choices of axis systems are clarified. The second- and fourth-rank ZFS parameters determined by EMR and the second-rank ones computed using a superposition model for the Fe3+ ions in h-BaTiO3 are reanalyzed. The available ZFS parameters are presented in a well-defined axis system and in a unified way to ensure meaningful comparison. Pertinent transformations of ZFS parameters are carried out using the package CST. Simulations of the low symmetry ZFS parameters are carried out to assess the role of monoclinic and triclinic ZFS terms and to investigate the low symmetry aspects arising with lowering of temperature during the orthorhombic to monoclinic structural phase transition in Fe3+:h-BaTiO3. The procedure for analyzing experimental and theoretical ZFS parameters for transition ions at monoclinic and triclinic symmetry sites proposed here enables a better understanding of the low symmetry aspects involved. This study suggests the need to extend superposition model analysis to the fourth-rank ZFS terms for Fe3+ centers in h-BaTiO3.
Atomic Orbitals from Molecular Wave Functions: The Effective Minimal Basis

The recent idea of extracting effective atomic orbitals from molecular wave functions by performing independent localization transformations for each atom separately is generalized to the case of an arbitrary Hermitian bilinear localization functional. The general equations are derived and the orthogonality relationships pertinent to the localized molecular orbitals are proved. The “intraatomic components” of these localized orbitals form an effective atomic basis, which is also automatically orthogonal if some conditions are fulfilled. Several different localization functionals are considered and it is shown that for the simplest one the orbitals obtained are natural hybrids in McWeeny's sense and are conceptually close to (but not identical with) Weinhold's “natural hybrid orbitals”. In this case one obtains for each atom of a “usual” molecule as many effective AOs of appreciable importance as the number of orbitals contained in the classical “minimal basis” of that atom, forming therefore adistorted bu.
Structure and vibrational spectra of copper(II) 2-pyridylmethanolate tetrahydrate

In the memory of Prof. Ing. Ladislav Valko, DrSc. (1930–2013) A room-temperature synthesis of copper(II) 2-pyridylmethanolate tetrahydrate, [CuL2] · 4H2O, with nearly quantitative yields with its structure redetermined at 213 K is presented. In agreement with the X-ray structure data, the DFT quantum-chemical calculations confirmed the planar structure of CuL2 (C2h symmetry). The measured IR and Raman spectra were interpreted using the DFT calculations and some erroneous assignments in the previous studies have been corrected.
Vertical GaN-Based Trench Gate Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors on GaN Bulk Substrates

Completely vertical trench gate metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) have been produced using gallium nitride (GaN) for the first time. These MOSFETs exhibited enhancement-mode operation with a threshold voltage of 3.7 V and an on-resistance of 9.3 mΩ·cm2. The channel mobility was estimated to be 131 cm2/(V·s) when all the resistances except for that of the channel are considered. Such structures, which satisfy the key words “vertical”, “trench gate”, and “MOSFET”, will enable us to fabricate practical GaN-based power switching devices.
Performance of multicusp plasma ion source for focused ion beam applications

The multicusp plasma ion source has found many uses such as in ion implanters, ion projection lithography, and injectors for particle accelerators. This source is favorable for such applications because of its low ion temperature, small energy spread, and good stability. These properties also offer the tantalizing possibility of utilizing such a source to create a noncontaminating focused ion beam (FIB) system for semiconductor fabrication line use and advanced photomask repair applications. We have made measurements of the brightness of this ion source and have done some preliminary applications work with a Kr+-enabled FIB system for mask repair and ion milling. A specially designed multicusp plasma ion source has been used to measure focused beam spot size versus current relationships for several inert gas ion species. From these data the axial brightness of the ion source was ascertained. For the extraction of Kr+ from the source we find an angular intensity of 12 μA/sr and a virtual source size of 16.
Irreversible adsorption on nonuniform surfaces: the random site model

The random sequential adsorption (RSA) process provides a starting point for the development of quantitative descriptions of the irreversible adsorption of proteins and other large molecules. To date, none of the numerous theoretical and computational studies of RSA have considered the effect of nonuniform aperiodic substrates which are present in many physical systems. We study the irreversible adsorption of spherical particles adsorbing on randomly distributed point sites. There exists an unexpected, yet simple, mapping between this process and the corresponding adsorption on a smooth, continuous surface
Nearly Ideal Current–Voltage Characteristics of Schottky Barrier Diodes Formed on Hydride-Vapor-Phase-Epitaxy-Grown GaN Free-Standing Substrates

The current–voltage characteristics of Schottky barrier diodes formed on GaN(0001) free-standing substrates with net donor concentrations of 7.6×1015–1.4×1017 cm-3 are discussed. The substrates were grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. Ni Schottky contacts were directly formed on chemical–mechanical-polished Ga-polar faces of the substrates. Nearly ideal characteristics for both directions were obtained. The ideality factors for forward characteristics are 1.02–1.05, very close to unity. The reverse characteristics agree well with calculations based on thermionic-field emission theory without any fitting parameter.
Liquid crystalline epoxy resins by polyaddition of aliphatic diepoxides with 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl

Liquid crystalline epoxy resins were synthesized from 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl (DHB), which was used as a mesogenic component, and diglycidyl ethers of aliphatic glycols (ethylene glycol and 1,6-hexanediol) which were used as flexible spacers. The synthesis was carried out by the catalytic polyaddition in the melt. Triphenylphosphine was used as the catalyst. The course of the polyaddition was investigated at various molecular ratios of the reactants. It was found that both linear and branched structures were formed in the course of the synthesis. The rates of the formation of the structures were calculated. The epoxy oligomers were investigated by DSC, polarizing microscope, and x-ray and IR spectroscopy. The molecular weight distribution was determined by GPC. The dependence of liquid crystalline properties of the obtained epoxy resins on the molecular weight and on the chain length of the flexible spacer was investigated. The molecular weight of the epoxy oligomers and the length of flexible spacer influence the phase transition temperatures. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analyticity of Poisson-driven stochastic systems

Let ψ be a functional of the sample path of a stochastic system driven by a Poisson process with rate λ . It is shown in a very general setting that the expectation of ψ, E λ [ψ], is an analytic function of λ under certain moment conditions. Instead of following the straightforward approach of proving that derivatives of arbitrary order exist and that the Taylor series converges to the correct value, a novel approach consisting in a change of measure argument in conjunction with absolute monotonicity is used. Functionals of non-homogeneous Poisson processes and Wiener processes are also considered and applications to light traffic derivatives are briefly discussed.
Toward Black-box Image Extraction Attacks on RBF SVM Classification Model

Image extraction attacks on machine learning models seek to recover semantically meaningful training imagery from a trained classifier model. Such attacks are concerning because training data include sensitive information. Research has shown that extracting training images is generally much harder than model inversion, which attempts to duplicate the functionality of the model. In this paper, we use the RBF SVM classifier to show that we can extract individual training images from models trained on thousands of images, which refutes the notion that these attacks can only extract an “average” of each class. Also, we correct common misperceptions about black-box image extraction attacks and developing a deep understanding of why some trained models are vulnerable to our attack while others are not. Our work is the first to show semantically meaningful images extracted from the RBF SVM classifier.Ccs Concepts•Computing methodologies~Machine learning~Machine learning approaches~Logical and relational learning•Security and privacy ~Systems security~Vulnerability management
Fingerprint structure imaging based on an ultrasound camera

Abstract This paper describes the design of an ultrasound camera which has a resolution of 0.1mm. The camera allows the observation of the near surface structures of solid objects and is suitable for the finger ridge pattern imaging (i.e., pattern which is reflected in a fingerprint). The device can be used for a biometric identification of individuals (for access verification). It can also be employed for all other sorts of structures which have ultrasound detectable changes in the near surface structure, both natural and artificial (e.g., created for information recording). The paper describes the current version of the camera and the physical phenomena behind its operation. Presented are also perspectives of further development of the device.
Rapid and Sensitive Determination of Meropenem in Rat Plasma by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract A sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromato-graphic method using UV detection, has been developed for the analysis of meropenem in plasma. This involved a single liquid-solid extraction on Isolute C18-EC column in the presence of an internal standard (ceftazidime). Analysis was performed by isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of 0.01 M acetate buffer pH 4.8 containing 15% (v/v) methanol, with UV detection at 296 nm. The limit of quantitation of the assay was 0.125 mg/L. The method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats receiving 100 mg/kg by IV route with a good accuracy (94–101%) and precision (less than 13%).