Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acidic and basic properties of hydroxylated metal oxide surfaces

Hydroxyl groups on the surface of metal oxides are amphoteric in character. From experiments with anatase, rutile, η-alumina, α-Fe2O3,CeO2, and SnO2, half the OH groups are acidic in character, the other half are mainly basic and may be exchanged for other anions. This behaviour is explained by the structure of the hydroxylated surface. Acidity and basicity depend on the nature of the oxide. Several reactions are described for the determination of total OH content as well as the quantities of acidic and basic OH groups.
Developing a temperature‐dependent Kersten function for soil thermal conductivity

This paper describes the development of the Kersten function (Ke), which depends on soil temperature and the degree of saturation. The new Kersten function enables the prediction of thermal conductivities of moist soils also including high temperatures. The eight soils used in this paper represent three distinct textural groups, each having a comparable shape of Kersten function. The soil thermal conductivity is obtained from a linear interpolation between the dryness and saturation states with the Ke as the slope. The new Kersten function is valid when the degree of saturation (Sr) is greater than 0.125 and soil temperature is between 30 and 90°C. At a lower degree of saturation (i.e. 0<Sr<0.125), a linear approximation is applied to Ke. The new Ke function gives particularly good agreement with experimental data for temperatures of 30 and 50°C and for low moisture contents at all temperatures. At higher temperatures (i.e. 70 and 90°C) and moisture contents above the permanent wilting point, generally good or acceptable results were obtained. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of DNA in “Glasslike State” by Atomic Force Microscopy: Importance of Substrates

An atomic force microscopy (AFM) system operating at low temperatures and under ultra high vacuum (UHV) conditions is presented. The AFM system uses the laser beam deflection method to detect the cantilever deflection. The system was completely developed in our laboratory for studying biological samples [A. Radenovic et al.: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74 (2003) 1022]. To study DNA by AFM requires a substrate on which the DNA can be adsorbed from an aqueous solution. Images of DNA at room temperature and at low temperatures on three different surfaces are presented, including the first images of DNA on the treated HOPG obtained at 82 K. The importance of the hydrophobic degree of the substrate for imaging DNA at low temperatures is discussed.
ANALYSIS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN AROMATIC PLANTS BY RP‐HPLC AND GC‐MS AFTER SILYLATION

ABSTRACT Aromatic plants of Greek origin, Origanum dictamnus (dictamus), Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus), Origanum vulgare L. (oregano), Mellisa officinalis L. (balm mint) and Sideritis cretica (mountain tea) were examined for the content of phenolic substances. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography was used for the analysis of the plant extracts. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method was also used for identification of phenolic compounds after silylation. The most abundant phenolic acids were gallic acid (1.5–2.6 mg 100 g−1 dry sample), ferulic acid (0.34–6.9 mg 100 g−1 dry sample) and caffeic acid (1.0–13.8 mg 100 g−1 dry sample). (+)-Catechin and (−)-epicatechin were the main flavonoids identified in oregano and mountain tea. Quercetin was detected only in eucalyptus and mountain tea. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Plant-derived polyphenols receive considerable interest because of their potential antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Undoubtedly, it is very important not only to determine those properties but also to determine each and every phenol in aromatic plants both qualitatively and quantitatively. A number of analytical methods have been proposed for the separation and determination of these compounds. Most of these protocols are based on a high performance liquid chromatography technique with ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after silylation of the phenolic compounds is used in this research together with the aforementioned technique as an alternative and more sensitive method to detect and understand the compositional profile of the extracts as well as the structure and functional relationship of the components in the extracts, based on MS spectra.
Feasibility of Replacing Chemical Fertilizer by Using Organic Fertilizer in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Considering Dry Matter Content and Estimatimation of Different Growth Parameters

An experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from October 2010 to March 2011 to study the feasibility of replacing chemical fertilizer by using organic fertilizer in wheat. The experiment comprised of 10 treatments, such as T 0 : Control condition; T 1 : All chemical fertilizer as recommended dose; T 2 : Cowdung as recommended dose; T 3 : Compost as recommended dose; T 4 : ½ Cowdung + ½ Compost; T 5 : Cowdung + Compost; T 6 : Cowdung + ½ Chemical fertilizer; T 7 : Compost + ½ Chemical fertilizer; T 8 : Cowdung + Compost +½ Chemical fertilizer and T 9 : ½ Cowdung + ½ Compost + ½ Chemical fertilizer. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. At 30, 50, 70, 90 and 110 (Days After Sowing) DAS, the highest dry matter content plant -1 was recorded from T 1 (0.30 g, 3.87 g, 8.84 g, 19.58 g and 30.18 g), whereas the lowest weight from T 0 (0.18 g, 2.49 g, 6.50 g, 11.80 g and 18.08 g). At 30-50 DAS, the highest (Crop Growth Rate) CGR was found from T 1 (5.35 g m -2 day -1 ), while the lowest CGR from T 0 (3.46 g m -2 day -1 ). At 50-70 DAS, the highest CGR was found from T 7 (8.34 g m -2 day -1 ), while the lowest CGR from T 0 (6.70 g m -2 day -1 ). At 70-90 DAS, the highest CGR was found from T 1 (17.89 g m -2 day -1 ), while the lowest CGR from T 0 (8.83 g m -2 day -1 ). At 90-110 DAS, the highest CGR was found from T 8 (18.69 g m -2 day -1 ), while the lowest CGR from T 0 (10.47 g m -2 day -1 ). At 30-50 DAS, the highest RGR was found from T 3 (0.134 g g -1 day -1 ) and the lowest RGR from T 5 and T 8 (0.127 g g -1 day -1 ). At 50-70 DAS, the highest RGR was found from T 3 (0.049 g g -1 day -1 ) and the lowest RGR from T 9 (0.041 g g -1 day -1 ). At 70-90 DAS, the highest RGR was found from T 3 (0.040 g g -1 day -1 ) and the lowest RGR from T 0 (0.030 g g -1 day -1 ). At 90-110 DAS, the highest (Relative Growth Rate) RGR was found from T 3 (0.026 g g -1 day -1 ) and the lowest RGR from T 0 (0.021 g g -1 day -1 ). The longest spike (19.86 cm), highest grain yield (3.71 t ha -1 ) and highest straw yield (5.78 t ha -1 ) was attained from T 1 and the shortest spike (14.33 cm), lowest grain yield (2.06 t ha -1 ) and lowest straw yield (4.49 t ha -1 ) from T 0 . DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1. 22032 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 07-10 2013
Stability of U(VI) solid phases in the U(VI)-Ca2+-SiO2-OH system

Abstract Synthetic metaschoepite was altered at 70 °C, for 30 days in silicate solutions of varying compositions to study alteration reactions and to compare experimental observations with a thermodynamic model of stability of the uranyl minerals metaschoepite ([(UO2)8O2(OH)12](H2O)10), becquerelite (Ca[(UO2)3O2(OH)3]2(H2O)8), α-uranophane (Ca[(UO2)(SiO3OH)]2(H2O)5) and soddyite ((UO2)2(SiO4)· (H2O)2). Powder X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and solution chemistry were used to monitor the alteration of the initial metaschoepite. In general, the secondary phases predicted by the thermodynamic model formed. However, an unexpected mineral (a calcium uranate) was observed above pH 8. Also, within the timeframe of these experiments, U(VI) silicate phases only formed at Si concentrations much higher than the lower field boundaries for uranophane and soddyite.
Graphene/Au composites as an anode modifier for improving electricity generation in Shewanella-inoculated microbial fuel cells

Electricity generation in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) greatly depends on anode materials, which directly affect bacterial attachment on the anode surface and extracellular electron transfer (ETT) between microorganisms and the electrode. Herein, graphene/Au (G/Au) composites were used as a novel anode material for Shewanella-inoculated MFCs. The current generation and power density of the MFCs with a G/Au modified carbon paper (CP/G/Au) anode were significantly improved compared with a conventional carbon paper (CP) anode. This could be attributed to its large surface area, excellent conductivity and good biocompatibility for enhanced bacterial loading on the anode surface and improved EET efficiency between the microbe and the electrode.
Comparison of Sampling Techniques and Evaluation of Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) for Monitoring Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Groundwater

Groundwater was sampled at the site of a former manufactured-gas plant using three conventional methods (bailing, low-flow, and bailing with filtering) and long-term in-situ samplers (semipermeable membrane devices [SPMDs]). Samples from each technique were analyzed for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total suspended solids (conventional methods only) to determine the effect of sampling procedure on PAH concentrations. In general, among the conventional techniques, bailing indicated the highest PAH concentrations, and bailing/filtering the lowest, with low-flow sampling in between. High-molecular-weight PAHs were most prevalent in bailed samples and most impacted by filtering, suggesting these species are particle-associated. SPMD results corroborated this finding. SPMDs performed well in this study; SPMD-derived PAH concentrations in the groundwater were similar to values obtained by the conventional techniques. Furthermore, they allowed detection of some PAHs not detected by conventional ap.
Synthesis, characterisation and photoswitchability of a new [2]rotaxane of α-cyclodextrin with a diazobenzene containing π-conjugated molecular dumbbell

In this work, a new [2]rotaxane consisted of a diazobenzene containing π-conjugated linear compartment, including the 4,4′-bipyridyl moiety and α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) as the macrocyclic compartment, was synthesised with yields of nearly 57% and fully characterised. α-CD easily assembled with the linear compartment and suitable bulky ends (stoppers) in water to give a new [2]rotaxane. The characterisation of this supramolecular compound was accomplished using several spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D NMR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, induced circular dichroism and UV–vis spectrophotometry, as well as scanning electron microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray. Furthermore, the reversible E–Z photoisomerisation of both [2]rotaxane and its molecular dumbbell was investigated by irradiation with UV light.
Increasing Participation in the American Nurses Association's Healthy Nurse Healthy Nation Grand Challenge in a College Setting

The health status of Americans ranks poorly compared to other nations. The health behaviors of American nurses are worse than the general population. Healthy Nurse Health Nation (HNHN) is the American Nurses’ Association’s (ANA’s) program to encourage healthy lifestyle practices among nurses with the ultimate goal of improving population health by creating a healthier nursing workforce able to be more credible as health coaches. This paper reviews literature on workplace and college health programs, health behaviors of nurses and student nurses, and the idea of nurses as role models. The Logic Model was used to guide implementation of the program and the Ecological Model was used for evaluating the project. This project promoted HNHN in a college setting through in person presentations. Thirty-two students and faculty completed retrospective pre/post surveys, and results showed small self-reported changes in participation. There was an increase from five to 10 members of the RIC HNHN online group. Limitations included limited contact between the researchers and participants, reliance on university email for communication, a lack of graduate student data, and a lack of changes to the environment. The author recommends increasing contact between the researchers and students/faculty and making changes to the environment to make healthy choices the default option. The role of the advanced practice nurse is discussed and includes implications for practice related to education, practice, policy, and research.
Water-soluble luminescent copper nanoclusters reduced and protected by histidine for sensing of guanosine 5′-triphosphate

A one step synthesis of water-soluble luminescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) reduced and protected by histidine is reported. When excited at 350 nm, the as-synthesized CuNCs exhibit luminescence centered at 456 nm with a quantum yield of 1.6%, which is different from that of histidine alone under the same experimental conditions. Upon addition of guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP), the emission of CuNCs is gradually quenched. While other nucleoside triphosphates including ATP, CTP and UTP as well as some inorganic anions such as P2O74−, PO43−, and CH3COO− have no such quenching effect, which indicates that the nucleobase instead of the phosphate anion plays an important role in the emission quenching of CuNCs. The most efficient quenching of the CuNCs induced by GTP can be ascribed to the most reducing ability of guanine among the other nucleobases. This interesting experimental result demonstrates that the as-synthesized CuNCs can be applied to sensing of GTP.
Visualization and in situ contacting of carbon nanotubes in a scanning electron microscope

A method for contacting carbon nanotubes on an insulating surface is presented. Tubes which are already connected to prefabricated electrodes can be visualized in the scanning electron microscope exploiting voltage contrast at low beam energies. Additional connections to tubes identified in this way are fabricated by in situ electron beam induced deposition from metalorganic precursors such as tungsten hexacarbonyl. A resistivity of 0. 15Ωcm before annealing has been achieved so far with this material.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane with piezoelectric β‐form prepared by immersion precipitation from mixed solvents containing an ionic liquid

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes with exclusive β-form have been directly obtained by immersion precipitation from the mixed solvents containing an ionic liquid (IL). In contrast, without the IL only the α-form is generated. The ion–dipole interactions between the IL and PVDF chains should account for the formation of the β-form with TTTT conformation. In addition, the presence of the IL accelerates the crystallization and gelation of PVDF, responsible for the particulate morphology and high water flux in the membranes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40505.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ionic Interactions with Dodecyl Sulfate Micelles

Specific ion effects on micelles have been addressed by molecular dynamics simulations of Li+, Na+, and NH4+ cations with dodecyl sulfate (DS) micelles in aqueous solution. Of the three systems, the most compact structure for a dodecyl sulfate micelle is observed in the case of Li+ ions, which penetrate considerably deeper into the micelle than either Na+ or NH4+. Comparison of molecular trajectories of micellar solutions and those of methyl sulfate solutions with the same counterion demonstrates that the micelle surface is effective at disrupting the ionic hydration shells to allow direct cation−sulfate interaction. The structure of the second coordination shell of the sulfate groups on the micelle surface is, in turn, affected by the cations involved in contact ion pairs. The 4.9 A peak in the sulfur−sulfur radial distribution function (rdf) in the LiDS micelle was attributed to direct coordination of two or more headgroups to a lithium ion. A second peak in the rdf is 1.2 A farther, corresponding to a .
CLUSTER ISOLATED CHEMICAL REACTIONS : EVIDENCE FOR THE FORMATION OF BA2O IN OXIDATION REACTIONS OF BARIUM DIMERS

The present paper reports on a new experimental technique, the cluster isolated chemical reaction technique. A single pair of reactants (or a controlled number of reactants) is isolated on a large atomic or molecular cluster. The reactants are free to migrate and to collide with each other on the cluster surface. The collision between two reactants results in a chemical reaction and yields observable signals, the cluster playing the role of a reaction medium of finite size. The CICR technique is used here to study the reaction Ba2 + N2O on (N2)8000 clusters and the reaction Ba2 + CO2 on (Ar)5500 clusters. Both these reactions are chemiluminescent and yield rather unstructured emission spectra. The power of the CICR method is exemplified here since it allows unambiguous determination of the emitter as Ba2O in both reactions. This allows us to identify, then, the yet unassigned chemiluminescence spectrum observed by West et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 1977, 66, 2139) in flames of Ba/CO2 and Ba/CO mixtures.
Accounting goodwill and the main constituent drivers of corporate value : a review and empirical study

This thesis begins by exploring the nature and origin of goodwill as an accounting phenomenon, identifying and discussing contributions to this subject and the problems it has posed in accountancy over many years. It also examines how the standard setting bodies of accounting have handled the recognition and measurement of goodwill within financial reports, and then how the whole concept of goodwill fits into accepted economic theory. Having established from the economic perspective that goodwill is in effect a residual measure of value within the accounting arising out of the historical cost and realization principles, the thesis then describes and critically evaluates valuation models that genuinely try and bridge the “value gap” between the accounting and economic models, particularly value-based models such as Residual Income, Economic Value Added, EVA and Shareholder Value Added (SVA). The thesis then focuses on the free cash flow based SVA model of Alfred Rappaport and adapts this within a pure equity perspective, highlighting the seven key cash flow drivers of shareholder value. These drivers are then linked as far as possible to the main headings within UK and international cash flow statements. Finally the thesis goes on to adapt and develop a testable model using research previously carried out from the “value relevance” literature. This model relates changes in overall market capitalization to changes in the key constituent cash flow drivers found within the cash flow statement. A ‘backward elimination’ stepwise multiple linear regression technique is then adopted to assess for several samples of companies, whether any statistical relationship exists between changes in the independent X cash flow variables identified and the dependent Y variable (changes in market capitalization. ) The findings of these surveys suggest that there is a general statistical relationship existing between these variables, but concludes that no one X variable seems to have any more statistical relationship with or impact on Y than any other. The thesis concludes with a review of the structure and findings, overall conclusions, and a range of specific recommendations for the accounting standard setting bodies to consider as additional reforms to the financial reporting framework.
Influence of Gelatin on Deposit Morphology During Copper Electrorefining Using Scaled Industrial Cells

Abstract This paper discusses the effect of Gelatin (G) on cathode quality during copper electrorefining. Binary system Gelatin-Chloride ions (G-Cl-) and ternary system Thiourea-Gelatin-Chloride ions (TU-G-Cl-) have been investigated using scaled industrial cells and laboratory cells. Concentration of Clwas 40 mg L-1 and temperature 65 °C. In the pilot plant, current densities ranged between 200 and 400 A m-2, Gelatin concentration from 50 to 300 grams per ton of copper produced (g t-1) and Thiourea from 20 to 60 g t-1. Gelatin influences the polarization curves, the deposit morphology (roughness and nodule formation), the crystal structure (columnar or pyramidal) and the copper grain type (round or field oriented). Addition of Gelatin increases cathodic polarization but does not always lead to nodule formation. For the binary system, the cathode surface smoothness is acceptable but edge quality deteriorates as current density increases. In the ternary TU-G-Cl- system, surface smoothness and edge quality are greatly improved while copper growth structure is modified to produce a dense cathodic deposit. However, nodules, dendrites and big porosities appear randomly if G/TU ratio is not appropriate. The best cathodes were obtained when this ratio was higher than 0.8 but lower than 1.7. Cet article traite de l’influence de la Gélatine (G) lors de l’électroraffinage du cuivre. Le système binaire Gelatin-ions chlore (G-Cl-) ainsi que le système ternaire Thiourée-Gélatine-ions chlore (TUG- Cl-) ont été étudiés en utilisant des cellules industrielles réduites et des cellules de laboratoire. La concentration des ions Cl- est 40 mg L-1 et la température 65 °C. Dans les cellules pilotes, la densité de courant varie de 200 à 400 A m-2. La concentration en Gélatine varie de 50 à 300 grammes par tonne de cuivre produite (g t-1) et celle de la Thiourée de 20 à 60 g t-1. La teneur en Gélatine influence la courbe de polarisation, la morphologie du dépôt (rugosité et nodulation), la structure des cristaux (colonnaire et pyramidale) et la structure des grains de cuivre (round ou orienté). L’addition de Gélatine augmente la polarisation cathodique mais ne conduit pas forcément à la nodulation. Pour le système binaire, la qualité de la surface des cathodes est acceptable quoique les bords se détériorent avec l’augmentation de la densité de courant. Dans le système ternaire, la finesse de la surface et la qualité des bords sont grandement améliorées. La structure de croissance du cuivre est également modifiée et assure un dépôt dense. Cependant, des nodules, des dendrites et de grosses porosités apparaissent lorsque le rapport G/TU n’est pas approprié. Les meilleures cathodes ont été obtenues lorsque ce rapport est plus grand que 0.8 mais inférieur à 1.7
Sulfurization temperature dependences of photovoltaic properties in Cu2SnS3-based thin-film solar cells

We report on the sulfurization of metal-alloyed precursors in Cu2SnS3 (CTS)-based thin-film solar cells. CTS thin films were prepared through the sulfurization of Cu–Sn alloy precursors at sulfurization temperatures of 500–580 °C for 2 h in a N2 atmosphere with sulfur vapor. The Cu/Sn composition ratios of the sulfurized films were determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis to be in the range of 1.77–1.89. The photovoltaic properties of CTS-based solar cells improved with increasing sulfurization temperature owing to the higher external quantum efficiency at long wavelengths. The solar cell comprising a CTS thin film with a sulfurization temperature of 580 °C exhibited the optimum performance among the cells examined: an open-circuit voltage of 244 mV, a short-circuit current density of 29 mA/cm2, a fill factor of 0.385, and a conversion efficiency of 2.7% were obtained.