Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL STATEMENT OF DISSERTATION APPROVAL

Booth, Matthew B. Ph.D., Purdue University, May 2020. Multiple Antenna Signal Processing Techniques for Millimeter Wave Communications. Major Professors: David J. Love and Nicolò Michelusi. Mobile devices operating at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies are expected to comprise an integral part of fifth generation (5G) communication systems to meet increasing data rate demands. Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and advanced signal processing techniques are required to overcome the harsh propagation environment in this spectrum. We focus on two aspects of mmWave communication systems. First, the large number of antennas creates a challenge in aligning and tracking highly directional, narrow beams. Algorithms which rapidly adapt to the changing mobile environment are required. We propose a novel beam alignment and tracking algorithm for time-varying, sparse mmWave channels using multi-armed bandit beam selection. We show our algorithm has a more rapid initial beam alignment compared to other beam selection policies and, for dynamic channel support, long-term beamforming gain commensurate to omni-directional channel training. Simulation results are accomplished using idealized and realistic mmWave channel models. Second, massive MIMO systems can generate potentially prohibitive amounts of data due to the large numbers of antennas. With modern parallel, low-rate analogto-digital converters (ADCs), the bottleneck is often not in the quantization of the received signals but, rather, in the processing of the digitized bits. Therefore, we develop an adaptive algorithm for down-selecting the digital output data to meet some required output data rate threshold while simultaneously maximizing the information between the transmitted signal and the selected output.
Dietary intake of a -linolenic acid and risk of age-related macular degeneration 1,2

Background: The relation between a -linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-derived omega-3 (n–3) fatty acid, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is unclear. European researchers reported that # 40% of ALA can be present as trans forms. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the associations between intake of ALA and intermediate and advanced AMD. Design: Seventy-ﬁve thousand eight hundred eighty-nine women from the Nurses’ Health Study and 38,961 men from Health Professionals Follow-Up Study were followed up from 1984 to 2012 and from 1986 to 2010, respectively. We assessed dietary intake by a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline and every 4 y thereafter. One thousand ﬁve hundred eighty-nine incident intermediate and 1356 advanced AMD cases (primarily neovascular AMD) were conﬁrmed by medical record review. Results: The multivariable-adjusted HR for intermediate AMD comparing ALA intake at the top quintile to the bottom quintile was 1.28 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.56; P -trend = 0.01) in the analyses combining 2 cohorts. The HR in each cohort was in the positive direction but reached statistical signiﬁcance only in the women. However, the positive association was apparent only in the pre-2002 era in each cohort and not afterward ( P -time interaction = 0.003). ALA intake was not associated with advanced AMD in either time period. Using gas-liquid chromatography, we identiﬁed both cis ALA (mean 6 SD: 0.13% 6 0.04%) and trans ALA isomers (0.05% 6 0.01%) in 395 erythrocyte samples collected in 1989–1990. In stepwise regression models, mayonnaise was the leading predictor of erythrocyte concentrations of cis ALA and one isomer of trans ALA. We also found trans ALA in mayonnaise samples. Conclusions: A high intake of ALA was associated with an increased risk of intermediate AMD before 2002 but not afterward. The period before 2002 coincides with the same time period when trans ALA was found in food and participants’ blood; this ﬁnding deserves further study.
Understanding flavour release and sensory perception of composite foods by combining dynamic sensory methods with in vivo nose space analysis

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of food structure and composition on aroma release and sensory perception of composite foods. Dynamic sensory perception was assessed with Temporal-Check-All-That-Apply (TCATA) (n=72) while quantification of aroma release was done with in vivo nose space analysis using a commercial PTR-ToF-MS (Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer, Ionicon Analytik, Innsbruck, Austria) (n=8, in triplicate). Six composite foods were prepared by combining two carriers (bread and wafer) with three formulations of chocolate-hazelnut spreads varying in fat and sugar content (high fat/high sugar; high fat/low sugar; low fat/high sugar). The spreads were spiked with a known quantity of 5 aroma compounds. Evaluations of the hazelnut spreads without carriers and for the carrier-spread combinations were performed. In general, fat and sugar content had little effect on flavour release and sensory perception of chocolate hazelnut spread. Addition of carriers increased aroma release and decreased flavour perception. We conclude that in vivo nose space analysis by direct injection mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and dynamic sensory method (TCATA) allowed to investigate aroma release and perception of real food matrices (spreads and composite foods). Flavour release and sensory perception of hazelnut chocolate spreads is strongly affected by addition of carriers. However, it seems that sensory perception of composite foods is modulated by cognitive mechanisms.
JCB_201410131 1..9

Correspondence to Fabien Sohet: fsohet@ucsd.edu; or Richard Daneman: rdaneman@ ucsd.edu Abbreviations used in this paper: BBB, blood–brain barrier; CNS, central nervous system; DPBS, Dulbecco’s PBS; E, embryonic day; EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; EC, endothelial cell; LSR, Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion; MS, multiple sclerosis; P, postnatal day; SC, spinal cord; TJ, tight junction; ZO, zonula occludens. Introduction
Entomologia First record of Heteropsylla caldwelli Burckhardt (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) from Brazil and its population dynamics on earpod tree in Rio Grande do Sul

Heteropsylla caldwelli Burckhardt (Psyllidae, Ciriacreminae) is reported for the ﬁrst time from Brazil (States of Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul) from Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. The earpod tree, from Albizia edwallii (Hoehne) Barneby and J.W. Grimes and Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae), all previously unknown hosts. The population dynamics of the psyllid were investigated in a seven-year-old plantation of E. contortisiliquum in an abandoned open-pit coal mine in Candiota, Rio Grande do Sul during two years. The population showed peaks in spring and summer, correlating directly with the mean air temperature and the population size of microhymenoptera. This is an
Acculturation, Physical Activity, and Metabolic Syndrome in Asian American Adults

Introduction: Asian Americans (AsAms) have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and are one of the least physically active racial groups in America. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between MetS and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among AsAm adults and whether acculturation modifies this relationship. Method: Data were from 2,259 AsAms participating in the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Physical activity (PA) was self-reported as minutes of weekly MVPA. Acculturation included nativity, length of residency in America, and language preference. The International Diabetes Federation criteria was used to determine the presence of MetS. Results: About 64.4% of AsAms did not meet the PA recommendation (MVPA ≥150 min/week). The prevalence of MetS was 39.2%. The odds of having MetS were greater among AsAms who did not meet MVPA recommendations compared with those who did meet MVPA recommendations (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.11, 2.07]). When stratified by acculturation, this association remained statistically significant in the groups who immigrated to America more than 15 years ago and who spoke English only. Conclusion: MVPA reduces MetS risk in AsAm adults, especially among more acculturated AsAms. Culturally adapted programs are warranted to promote PA and adequate knowledge of disease prevention in this population.
Comprehensive analysis of locomotion dynamics in the protochordate Ciona intestinalis reveals how neuromodulators flexibly shape its behavioral repertoire

Vertebrate nervous systems can generate a remarkable diversity of behaviors. However, our understanding of how behaviors may have evolved in the chordate lineage is limited by the lack of neuroethological studies leveraging our closest invertebrate relatives. Here, we combine high-throughput video acquisition with pharmacological perturbations of bioamine signaling to systematically reveal the global structure of the motor behavioral repertoire in the Ciona intestinalis larvae. Most of Ciona’s postural variance can be captured by 6 basic shapes, which we term “eigencionas. ” Motif analysis of postural time series revealed numerous stereotyped behavioral maneuvers including “startle-like” and “beat-and-glide. ” Employing computational modeling of swimming dynamics and spatiotemporal embedding of postural features revealed that behavioral differences are generated at the levels of motor modules and the transitions between, which may in part be modulated by bioamines. Finally, we show that flexible motor module usage gives rise to diverse behaviors in response to different light stimuli.
Controlling axonal regeneration with acellular nerve allograft limits neuroma formation in peripheral nerve transection: An experimental study in a swine model

Symptomatic neuromata are a common indication for revision surgery following amputation. Previously described treatments, including traction neurectomy, nerve transposition, targeted muscle re‐innervation, and nerve capping, have provided inconsistent results or are technically challenging. Prior research using acellular nerve allografts (ANA) has shown controlled termination of axonal regrowth in long grafts. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of a long ANA to prevent neuroma formation following transection of a peripheral nerve in a swine model.
Characterization of social behavior in young and middle-aged ChAT-IRES-Cre mouse

The cholinergic system is an important modulator of brain processes. It contributes to the regulation of several cognitive functions and emotional states, hence altering behaviors. Previous works showed that cholinergic (nicotinic) receptors of the prefrontal cortex are needed for adapted social behaviors. However, these data were obtained in mutant mice that also present alterations of several neurotransmitter systems, in addition to the cholinergic system. ChAT-IRES-Cre mice, that express the Cre recombinase specifically in cholinergic neurons, are useful tools to investigate the role of the cholinergic circuits in behavior. However, their own behavioral phenotype has not yet been fully characterized, in particular social behavior. In addition, the consequences of aging on the cholinergic system of ChAT-IRES-Cre mice has never been studied, despite the fact that aging is known to compromise the cholinergic system efficiency. The aim of the current study was thus to characterize the social phenotype of ChAT-IRES-Cre mice both at young (2–3 months) and middle (10–11 months) ages. Our results reveal an alteration of the cholinergic system, evidenced by a decrease of ChAT, CHT and VAChT gene expression in the striatum of the mice, that was accompanied by mild social disturbances and a tendency towards anxiety. Aging decreased social dominance, without being amplified by the cholinergic alterations. Altogether, this study shows that ChAT-IRES-Cre mice are useful models for studying the cholinergic system‘s role in social behavior using appropriate modulating technics (optogenetic or DREADD).
Ruminal Microbiota Determines the High-Fiber Utilization of Ruminants: Evidence from the Ruminal Microbiota Transplant

Ruminants have a powerful progastric digestive system that converts structural carbohydrates into nutrients useful to humans. It is well known that this phenomenon is due to the fact that the rumen of ruminants is a natural microbial fermenter, which can ferment structural carbohydrates such as cellulose and hemicellulose and transform them into volatile fatty acids to supply energy for host. ABSTRACT The rumen, which contains a series of prokaryotes and eukaryotes with high abundance, determines the high ability to degrade complex carbohydrates in ruminants. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we compared the ruminal microbiota of dairy goats with that in the foregut and colon of mice and found more Bacteroides identified in the rumen, which helps ruminants to utilize plant-derived polysaccharides, cellulose, and other structural carbohydrates. Furthermore, high-fiber diets did not significantly increase intestinal fiber-degrading bacteria in mice, but did produce higher levels of ruminal fiber-degrading bacteria in dairy goats. Through rumen microbe transplantation (RMT), we found that rumen-derived fiber-degrading bacteria can colonize the intestines of mice to exert their fiber-degrading function, but their colonization efficiency is affected by diet. Additionally, the colonization of these fiber-degrading bacteria in the colon may involve higher content of butyrate in the colon, protecting the colonic epithelial barrier and promoting energy metabolism. Overall, the fiber degradation function of rumen bacteria through RMT was verified, and our results provide new insights into isolating the functional and beneficial fiber-degrading bacteria in the rumen, providing a theoretical basis for the role of dietary fiber in intestinal health. IMPORTANCE Ruminants have a powerful progastric digestive system that converts structural carbohydrates into nutrients useful to humans. It is well known that this phenomenon is due to the fact that the rumen of ruminants is a natural microbial fermenter, which can ferment structural carbohydrates such as cellulose and hemicellulose and transform them into volatile fatty acids to supply energy for host. However, monogastric animals have an inherent disadvantage in utilizing fiber, so screening rumen-derived fiber-degrading bacteria as a fermentation strain for biological feed is needed in an attempt at improving the fiber digestibility of monogastric animals. In this study, a ruminal microbiota transplant experiment from goats to mice proves that ruminal microbiota could serve as a key factor in utilization of high-fiber diets and provides a new perspective for the development of probiotics with fiber degradation function from the rumen and the importance of the use of prebiotics during the intake of probiotics.
Migratory network reveals unique spatial-temporal migration dynamics of Dunlin subspecies along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway

Determining the dynamics of where and when individuals occur is necessary to understand population declines and identify critical areas for populations of conservation concern. However, there are few examples where a spatially and temporally explicit model has been used to evaluate the migratory dynamics of a bird population across its entire annual cycle. We used geolocator-derived migration tracks of 84 Dunlin (Calidris alpina) on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF) to construct a migratory network describing annual subspecies-specific migration patterns in space and time. We found that Dunlin subspecies exhibited unique patterns of spatial and temporal flyway use. Spatially, C. a. arcticola predominated in regions along the eastern edge of the flyway (e.g., western Alaska and central Japan), whereas C. a. sakhalina predominated in regions along the western edge of the flyway (e.g., N China and inland China). No individual Dunlin that wintered in Japan also wintered in the Yellow Sea, China seas, or inland China, and vice-versa. However, similar proportions of the 4 subspecies used many of the same regions at the center of the flyway (e.g., N Sakhalin Island and the Yellow Sea). Temporally, Dunlin subspecies staggered their south migrations and exhibited little temporal overlap among subspecies within shared migration regions. In contrast, Dunlin subspecies migrated simultaneously during north migration. South migration was also characterized by individuals stopping more often and for more days than during north migration. Taken together, these spatial-temporal migration dynamics indicate Dunlin subspecies may be differentially affected by regional habitat change and population declines according to where and when they occur. We suggest that the migration dynamics presented here are useful for guiding on-the-ground survey efforts to quantify subspecies’ use of specific sites, and to estimate subspecies’ population sizes and long-term trends. Such studies would significantly advance our understanding of Dunlin space-time dynamics and the coordination of Dunlin conservation actions across the EAAF.
Erratum: “Searching for Planets in the Hyades. IV. Differential Abundance Analysis of Hyades Dwarfs” (AJ, 125, 3185 [2003])

We present a differential abundance analysis of Hyades F-K dwarfs in search for evidence of stellar enrichment from accreted hydrogen deficient disk material. Metallicites and relative abundance ratios of several species have been determined. We derive a cluster mean [Fe/H] = 0.13+-0.01. Two stars show abundances ~0.2 dex larger than the cluster mean. Additionally, one star, which was added by a recent study as a cluster member, shows significantly lower abundances than the cluster mean. These three stars have questionable membership characteristics. The remaining stars in the survey have an rms of 0.04 dex in the differential [Fe/H] values. The Hyades cluster members have apparently not been significantly chemically enriched. The abundance ratios of Si, Ti, Na, Mg, Ca and Zn with respect to Fe are in their solar proportions.
Donor Selection, Management, and Procurement for Lung Transplantation

Lung transplantation is a life-saving procedure in patients with end-stage lung disease. However, it inherently depends on the availability of donor organs. The selection of suitable lungs for transplantation, management of donors to minimize further injury and improve organ function, and safe procurement remain critical for successful transplantation. In this review, we provide an update on the current understanding of donor selection, management, and lung procurement.
Accretion disc atmospheres

La structure thermique des disques d'accretion dans les novae naines et les sources RX transitoires est etudiee en utilisant les opacites dependantes de la frequence. Les courbes d'equilibre thermique sont d'abord calculees en utilisant l'approximation a une zone pour la structure verticale du disque. La structure verticale des atmospheres optiquement minces au-dessus des disques est ensuite calculee.
Relationships Among Environmental Variables, Physical Capacity, Balance Self-Efficacy, and Real-World Walking Activity Post-Stroke

Background: Social and physical environmental factors affect real-world walking activity in individuals with stroke. However, environmental factors are often non-modifiable, presenting a challenge for clinicians working with individuals with stroke whose real-world walking is limited due to environmental barriers. Objective: The purpose of this work was to test a model hypothesizing the relationships among environmental factors (specifically, living situation and area deprivation), modifiable factors, and real-world walking activity to understand opportunities for intervention. We hypothesized that balance self-efficacy would mediate the relationship between the environment and real-world walking and that physical capacity would moderate this mediation. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 282 individuals with chronic (≥6 months) stroke. We tested the indirect effect to determine if mediation was present. Multiple group structural equation modeling was used to test if physical capacity moderated this mediation. A χ2 difference test was used to compare the moderation model against the null (no moderation) model. Results: Balance self-efficacy mediated the relationship between area deprivation and real-world walking (indirect effect: β = −0.04, P = .04). Both the moderation and null models fit the data equally well statistically (χ2(5) = 6.9, P = . 23). We therefore accepted the simpler (null) model and concluded that the mediation was not moderated. Conclusions: Targeting balance self-efficacy may be an effective approach to improving real-world walking in persons with stroke who experience barriers within the physical environment. A stroke survivor’s physical capacity may not impact this approach. Future work should consider utilizing more specific measures of the social and physical environment to better understand their influences on real-world walking activity in individuals with stroke. However, the results of this work provide excellent targets for future longitudinal studies targeting real-world walking activity in stroke.