Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Privacy Preserving Non-interactive Proof of Assets for Bitcoin Exchanges

: Bitcoin is a decentralized cryptocurrency for e-payments.Bitcoin exchanges stand for the trading of customers’ bitcoins against major paramount currencies.The users’ bitcoins can be stored in a digital wallet offered by the Bitcoin exchange.Precisely, Bitcoin exchanges are equivalent to banks,providing security for the customer’s bitcoins in their absence.An exchange always need to be solvent interms of its assets and liabilities to meet its long term ﬁnancial obligations . Maxwell was the ﬁrst one who proposed a cryptographic based proof of liabilities . But the scheme is not secure enough to keep the user information conﬁdential. Later Dagher et al. proposed a privacy preserving proof of solvency for Bitcoin exchanges.But the scheme works in an interactive manner.This restricts the proof computation ofﬂine. This paper addresses the ﬁrst non interactive proof of assets using hybrid commitment schemes in the non programmable random oracle model.The non-interactive zero knowledge proof is deﬁned in the common reference string model.
SOCIALLY DESIRABLE

Unproctored, web-based assessments supposedly reduce social desirability distortions in selfreport questionnaires because of an increased sense of privacy amongst participants. Three random-effects meta-analyses focusing either on social desirability (k = 30, total N = 3,746), the Big Five of personality (k = 66, total N = 2,951), or psychopathology (k = 96, total N = 16,034) compared social desirability distortions of self-reports across computerized and paper-and-pencil administration modes. Overall, a near-zero effect, Δ = 0.01, was obtained that did not indicate less socially desirable responding in computerized assessments. Moreover, moderator analyses did not identify differential effects for proctored and unproctored procedures. Thus, paper-and-pencil and computerized administrations of selfreport scales yield comparable mean scores. Unproctored web-based surveys do not offer an advantage with regard to socially desirable responding in self-report questionnaires.
Price volatility spillovers among agricultural commodity and crude oil markets: Evidence from the range-based estimator

Th e paper examines the price volatility spillovers among the crude oil, soybeans, corn, wheat, and sugar futu- res markets over the period 1/1/2006-11/29/2013. We separately investigate the periods of the pre-crisis, the crisis, and the post-crisis in fi nancial markets. We use the Yang-Zhang estimators for the historical volatility and fi nd that there is a volatility sprawl from the crude oil to corn markets. Th ere is also bi-directional causality between the corn and soybeans markets. In addition, we observe signifi cant volatility spillovers from both the soybeans and the corn markets to the wheat markets. Th e results are also valid in a diff erent sub-period analysis.
On the entire moments of self-similar Markov processes and exponential functionals of Lévy processes

On calcule les moments entiers positifs de certains processus de Markov auto-similaires evalues en un temps fixe, ainsi que les moments entiers negatifs des fonctionnelles exponentielles de certains processus de Levy. Lorsque le processus de Levy sous-jacent n'a pas de saut positif, ces moments entiers determinent la loi de la variable et conduisent a d'interessantes identites en distribution. Le cas du processus de Poisson donne un nouvel exemple simple qui montre que la loi log-normale n'est pas determinee par ses moments entiers.
Chlorophyll concentration profiles from in situ radiances by ant colony optimization

A methodology for the reconstruction of vertical profiles of the absorption (a) and scattering (b) coefficients in natural waters is presented. Reconstruction is performed using single-wavelength in situ radiance measurements at several depths. The depth is discretized by a multi-region approach assuming that absorption and scattering coefficients are constant in each region. The inverse problem is iteratively computed employing the radiative transfer equation as direct model, and bio-optical models to correlate the chlorophyll concentration to these coefficients. At every iteration, the inverse solver generates a candidate solution that is a set of discrete chlorophyll concentration values. For each region, the concentration is mapped to the values of absorption and scattering coefficients. The radiative transfer equation is then solved by a parallel version of the Laplace transform discrete ordinate (LTSN) method considering polar and azimuthal scattering angles. An objective function is given by the square difference between reconstructed and experimental radiances. In order to compensate the nearly exponential radiance decay with depth, that unbalances the influence of the radiance at different depths, a depth correction factor is applied to weight radiance values at each level. This objective function is minimized by an Ant Colony System (ACS) implementation. A new regularization scheme pre-selects candidate solutions based on their smoothness quantified by the Tikhonov's norm. A new chlorophyll candidate profile is then generated and iterations proceed. Synthetic and real data show the suitability of the proposed method.
An Introduction to Error-Correcting Codes

In a video disc recording and playback system, the video fields on the disc are identified by digital informa tion recorded during the vertical blanking interval. The recorded digital information includes in the order named, a Barker start code sequence, an error detection coset code and information bits which include a field number corresponding to the video field being re corded. The arrangement results in improved noise immunity and simpler decoding hardware in the video disc player. The digital information is utilized to control a number of functions during the playing of a video disc record such as the calculation and display of elapsed playing time, lifting the stylus at the end of the program, and the detection and correction of locked groove con ditions.
Hydrogen Addition For Improved Lean Burn Capability of Slow and Fast Burning Natural Gas Combustion Chambers

One way to extend the lean burn limit of a natural gas engine is by addition of hydrogen to the primary fuel. This paper presents measurements made on a one cylinder 1.6 liter natural gas engine. Two combustion chambers, one slow and one fast burning, were tested with various amounts of hydrogen (0, 5, 10 and 15 %vol) added to natural gas. Three operating points were investigated for each combustion chamber and each hydrogen content level; idle, part load (5 bar IMEP) and 13 bar IMEP (simulated turbocharging). Air/fuel ratio was varied between stoichiometric and the lean limit. For each operating point, a range of ignition timings were tested to find maximum brake torque (MBT) and/or knock. Heat-release rate calculations were made in order to assess the influence of hydrogen addition on burn rate. Addition of hydrogen showed an increase in burn rate for both combustion chambers, resulting in more stable combustion close to the lean limit. This effect was most pronounced for lean operation with the slow combustion chamber.
Photobiomodulation : An Invaluable Tool for all Dental Specialties

Photobiomodulation (PBM), also commonly referred to as low level laser therapy (LLLT) or cold laser therapy uses light energy to elicit biological responses from the cell and normalize cell function. Numerous studies have shown that LLLT affects the mitochondria of the cell, primarily Cytochrome coxidase in the electron transfer chain and porphyrins on the cell membrane. When light photons are absorbed by these receptors in, it has been proposed that three things occur: stimulation of ATP synthesis by activation of the electron transport chain; transient stimulation of reactive oxygen species, which increases the conversion of ADP to ATP; and a temporary release of nitric oxide from it’s binding site on cytochrome c oxidase, which results in an increase in cell respiration (see figure 1).
Promoting Self-Management and Patient

The complexity of health care is increasing, associated with several factors including ag‐ ing populations and expanding comorbidities, growth in options for health interventions and patients’ access to information from electronic and other media. Management of chronic conditions with high morbidity such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic pulmonary disease and depression constitutes a major burden of clinical care worldwide and an increasing problem for primary care because responsibility for chronic care shifts from hospitals to health professionals in primary care. Recently, there has been increasing attention focussed on another player/stakeholder in this quest to improve pa‐ tient outcomes–the patient. As of 9 September 2011, the new World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians (WONCA) EU definition of general practice includes as its 12th characteristic “Promotion of patient em‐ powerment and self-care”, following evidence of its relevance and importance. [1, 2] During the course of a systematic review of the literature on the impact of health profes‐ sional training regarding patient self-management on patient outcomes, we created a re‐ pository of information around the topics of patient self-management and empowerment. In this chapter, we synthesise this literature. The systematic review was performed for articles published in advance of 1 September, 2013 using PubMed, ERIC, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web searches, Hand searches and Bibliographies employing 13 search terms. In conclusion, we note that there is a need to explore and to clarify the various aspects of patient empowerment and the many sources influencing successful patient self-manage‐ ment. These concepts involve a complex interaction of patient factors, health professional factors, health system factors and multiple other influences that need to be harnessed ef‐ fectively by all stakeholders.
integrative literature

Dessa forma, os universitários são vistos como um grupo vulnerável para o uso de bebidas alcoólicas, justificando-se pela exaustiva carga horaria, estresse e diminuição do lazer. Assim, objetiva-se com este estudo explorar os fatores associados ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas por acadêmicos de medicina. Esse estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de caráter descritivo e exploratório e abordagem qualitativa. A coleta dos dados foi realizada no período entre julho e setembro de 2022 utilizando o Portal de Periódicos da CAPES como base de dados. A busca inicial gerou um total de 475 artigos, porem após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade somente 8 artigos foram incluídos na revisão. Os estudos selecionados na revisão visaram avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas entre os estudantes do curso de medicina. Portanto, diante do estudo, conclui-se que o nível do consumo de bebida alcoólica entre os jovens estudantes de medicina é alto por estar diretamente ligado a pressão que os mesmos sofrem. Abstract The consumption of alcoholic beverages is a practice, in which it is inserted in society, being classified as the most used psychoactive substance in the world. Thus, university students are seen as a vulnerable group for the use of alcoholic beverages, justified by the exhausting workload, stress and decreased leisure time. Thus, the objective of this study is to explore the factors associated with the consumption of alcoholic beverages by medical students. This study is an integrative review with a descriptive and exploratory nature and a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out between July and September 2022 using the CAPES Periodicals Portal as a database. The initial search generated a total of 475 articles, but after applying the eligibility criteria, only 8 articles were included in the review. The studies selected in the review aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with the consumption of alcoholic beverages among medical students. Therefore, in view of the study, it is concluded that the level of alcohol consumption among young medical students is high because it is directly linked to the pressure they suffer.
Rapid Changes in CB 1 Receptor Availability in Cannabis Dependent Males after Abstinence from Cannabis Deepak

Background—The widespread use of cannabis, the increasing legalization of “medical” cannabis, the increasing potency of cannabis and the growing recreational use of synthetic cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) full agonists underscores the importance of elucidating the effects of cannabinoids on the CB1R system. Exposure to cannabinoids is known to result in CB1R downregulation. However, the precise time course of changes in CB1R availability in cannabis dependent subjects (CDs) following short and intermediate term abstinence has not been determined. Correspondence: D. C. D’Souza, MD, Psychiatry Service, 116A, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA, Tel: (203)932-5711 X 2594, Fax: (203)937-4860, deepak.dsouza@yale.edu. Funding and Disclosure Jose Cortes, Gina Creatura, Alexander Neumeister, Brian Pittman, Beata Planeta, Patrick D. Skosnik, Marc Normandin, Toral Surti, Drs. Surti, Michael Kapinos, Jim Ropchan and Halle Thurnauer, report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Mohini Ranganathan has in the past three years or currently receives research grant support administered through Yale University School of Medicine from Eli Lilly Inc. Deepak Cyril D’Souza has in the past three years or currently receives research grant support administered through Yale University School of Medicine from Astra Zeneca, Abbott Laboratories, Eli Lilly Inc., Forest Laboratories, Organon, Pfizer Inc., and Sanofi; he is a consultant for Bristol Meyers Squibb and Johnson and Johnson. Yiyun (Henry) Huang has in the past three years or currently receives research support administered through Yale University from Eli Lilly Inc., Pfizer Inc., and UCB Biopharma SPRL. Richard E. Carson has in the past three years or currently receives research support administered through Yale University from Abbvie, Aptuit, Astellas Pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly Inc., Pfizer Inc., Taisho Pharmaceuticals, and UCB Pharma SA. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 January 01. Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2016 January 1; 1(1): 60–67. doi:10.1016/j.bpsc. 2015.09. 008. A uhor M anscript
The Design Thinking Mindset: An Assessment of What We Know and What We See in Practice

In this paper, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the design thinking mindset. First, we review the design and management literature to identify and define key cognitive and behavioural components of a design thinking mindset, before we report our initial findings from 15 in-depth interviews with innovation managers in Australia and Germany who reflect on their practices while implementing design thinking within their organizations. Our explorative study confirms a set of commonly understood and applied mindsets, but also reveals the impact of organisational constraints on translating cognition into behaviour. We suggest to further map the different mindsets used in design thinking projects and link them to extant leadership theory, which – as we argue – provides a suitable point of departure for further study of the design thinking mindset and its role for innovation.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PAVEMENT CRACK DETECTION USING KERNEL-BASED TECHNIQUES IN ASPHALT ROAD SURFACES

With the increasing demand for the digital survey and acquisition of road pavement conditions, there is also the parallel growing need for the development of automated techniques for the analysis and evaluation of the actual road conditions. This is due in part to the resulting large volumes of road pavement data captured through digital surveys, and also to the requirements for rapid data processing and evaluations. In this study, the Canon 5D Mark II RGB camera with a resolution of 21 megapixels is used for the road pavement condition mapping. Even though many imaging and mapping sensors are available, the development of automated pavement distress detection, recognition and extraction systems for pavement condition is still a challenge. In order to detect and extract pavement cracks, a comparative evaluation of kernel-based segmentation methods comprising line filtering (LF), local binary pattern (LBP) and high-pass filtering (HPF) is carried out. While the LF and LBP methods are based on the principle of rotation-invariance for pattern matching, the HPF applies the same principle for filtering, but with a rotational invariant matrix. With respect to the processing speeds, HPF is fastest due to the fact that it is based on a single kernel, as compared to LF and LBP which are based on several kernels. Experiments with 20 sample images which contain linear, block and alligator cracks are carried out. On an average a completeness of distress extraction with values of 81.2%, 76.2% and 81.1% have been found for LF, HPF and LBP respectively.
05 08 13 9 v 2 8 Fe b 20 06 Efficient quantum algorithms for simulating sparse Hamiltonians

Dominic W. Berry, 2 Graeme Ahokas, 3 Richard Cleve, 3, 4, 5 and Barry C. Sanders 6 Department of Physics, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia Institute for Quantum Information Science, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada Centre for Quantum Computer Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
Metabolomics Profile of Potato Tubers after Phosphite Treatment

Phosphite (Phi)-based fungicides are used to control the oomycete Phytophthora infestans which causes late blight disease, the most devastating disease in potatoes. In order to examine the effects of Phi-based fungicides on potato tubers through foliar or post-harvest application, a metabolite profiling approach based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been established. A total of 132 metabolites were detected using the GC-MS approach. Among these, 34 metabolites were identified after normalization and annotated with a compound name with standard mass spectral library. Metabolomic analysis of Phi-treated plants showed significant differences in the levels of many metabolites especially amino acids. Multivariate statistical approaches, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), were employed to explore the relationships between metabolites to detect group differences. A good discrimination between the control and the Phi-treated plants was observed, which demonstrated that significant changes in the metabolite profile have been caused by the two different Phi applications (foliar or post-harvest). This finding suggests that the alteration of specific metabolite levels by accumulation of Phi can lead to resistance against the pathogen.
2D X-ray airway tree segmentation by 3D deformable model projection and registration

Chest x-rays (CXR) still play an important role in detection of airway disease. Airway stenosis is a key sign of disease such as paediatric tuberculosis but is challenging to measure in CXR because the airway has relatively low contrast compared to overlying structures. In this study a novel approach to identify airways in CXRs is introduced, using a 3D statistical shape model to guide the segmentation. The 3D model is projected onto the CXR and aligned to the airways using four manual landmarks. The 3D shape model is then fitted to each CXR using an energy function based on image gradient, anatomical shadow and a regularisation term. Anatomical shadow is a novel feature introduced to detect the airway even without a clearly defined boundary. The algorithm achieved a mean error of 6.8±2.6 pixels (0.82±0.31 mm) on the 31 patient test set, a 25± 17% improvement on the initial linear alignment.
Anti-Peroxidative, Protective and Ameliorative Properties of Methanol Extract of All Parts of Morinda Lucida Benth in CCl4-Induced Liver Injury

The methanol extracts of all the various parts of Morinda lucida were studied in vivo for anti-peroxidative, protective and ameliorative effects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatocellular injury. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration taken as a measure of lipid peroxidation showed pre-treatment with the parts each (100 mg/kg) conferring anti-peroxidative effect while the leaf and bark extracts showed anti-peroxidative effect in the post-treatment test. Markers of hepatic damage viz: AST, ALT, total and conjugated bilirubin also showed significant protection and amelioration against CCl4-induced liver damage. Lipid profile studies like TG, TC, LDL and HDL showed no statistical difference among the pre-treatment groups and the ‘normal control’ except in the ‘Root+CCl4’ or ‘Leaf+CCl4’ groups which also showed no difference statistically from the ‘CCl4 only’ group. In the post-treatment (ameliorative) tests also, no statistical difference was found among the groups compared with the ‘normal control’ except the ‘CCl4 + Root’ and ‘CCl4 + Leaf’ groups which bore no statistical difference from the ‘CCl4 only’ group, as per LDL and HDL respectively. Findings here show the anti-peroxidative and protective properties of Morinda lucida comparable to Vitamins C and E, and ameliorative properties comparable to Silymarin against liver injury. These could possibly be reasons supporting its application in folkloric medicine.