Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Too Little or Too Much? Untangling the Relationship between Corporate Philanthropy and Corporate Financial Performance

W hat is the relationship between corporate philanthropy and corporate ﬁnancial performance? Some scholars argue that corporate philanthropy facilitates stakeholder cooperation and helps secure access to critical resources controlled by those stakeholders, suggesting that corporate philanthropy should be positively associated with corporate ﬁnancial performance. In contrast, other scholars take a negative stance, suggesting that corporate philanthropy diverts valuable corporate resources and tends to inhibit corporate ﬁnancial performance. Existing empirical studies have not found conclusive evidence on the corporate philanthropy–ﬁnancial performance relationship. Integrating and extending existing perspectives, this study develops the argument that the relationship between corporate philanthropy and ﬁnancial performance is best captured by an inverse U-shape. In addition, it posits that the inverse U-shaped relationship varies with the level of dynamism in ﬁrms’ operational environment. Using a panel data set of 817 ﬁrms listed in the Taft Corporate Giving Directory from 1987 to 1999, we ﬁnd strong support for these arguments.
miRNA expression in temporal cortex associated with dysregulation of immune, cell cycle, and other pathways in autism spectrum disorders.

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) likely involve dysregulation of multiple genes related to brain function and development. Abnormalities in individual regulatory small non-coding RNA (sncRNA), including microRNA (miRNA), could have profound effects upon multiple functional pathways. We assessed whether a brain region associated with core social impairments in ASD, the superior temporal sulcus (STS), would evidence greater transcriptional dysregulation of sncRNA than adjacent, yet functionally distinct, primary auditory cortex (PAC). Methods: We measured sncRNA expression levels in 34 samples of postmortem brain from STS and PAC to find differentially expressed sncRNA in ASD compared with control cases. For differentially expressed miRNA, we further analyzed their predicted mRNA targets and carried out functional over-representation analysis of KEGG pathways to examine their functional significance and to compare our findings to reported alterations in ASD gene expression. Results: Two mature miRNAs (miR-4753-5p and miR-1) were differentially expressed in ASD relative to control in STS and four (miR-664-3p, miR-4709-3p, miR-4742-3p, and miR-297) in PAC. In both regions, miRNA were functionally related to various nervous system, cell cycle, and canonical signaling pathways, including PI3K-Akt signaling, previously implicated in ASD. Immune pathways were only disrupted in STS. snoRNA and pre-miRNA were also differentially expressed in ASD brain. Conclusions: Alterations in sncRNA may underlie dysregulation of molecular pathways implicated in autism. sncRNA transcriptional abnormalities in ASD were apparent in STS and in PAC, a brain region not directly associated with core behavioral impairments. Disruption of miRNA in immune pathways, frequently implicated in ASD, was unique to STS.
In ﬂ uence of material parameters on 2D-martensitic transformation based on the phase- ﬁ eld ﬁ nite-element method

Obtaining an accurate microscopic representation of the martensitic transformation process is key to realizing the best performance of materials and is of great signi ﬁ cance in the ﬁ eld of material design. Due to the martensite phase transformation is rapidly, the current experimental is hard to capture all the information in the Martensite phase transformation process. Combining the phase- ﬁ eld method with the ﬁ nite-element method, a model of martensitic transformation from a metastable state to a steady state is established. The law of a single martensite nucleus during martensitic transformation is accurately described. By changing the key materials that affect martensite transformation and the phase- ﬁ eld parameters, the effects of the parameters on the single martensitic nucleation process are obtained. This study provides an important theoretical basis for effectively revealing the essence of martensite transformation and can determine effective ways to in ﬂ uence martensite transformation, obtain the optimal parameters and improve the mechanical properties of such materials.
Identiﬁcation of a Mung Bean Arabinofuranosyltransferase That Transfers Arabinofuranosyl Residues onto (1, 5)-Linked a - L -Arabino-Oligosaccharides 1

Arabinofuranosyltransferase activity was identiﬁed in Golgi membranes obtained from mung bean ( Vigna radiata ) hypocotyls. The enzyme transfers the arabinofuranosyl (Ara f ) residue from UDP- b - L -arabinofuranose to exogenous (1, 5)-linked a - L -arabino-oligosaccharides labeled at their reducing ends with 2-aminobenzamide. The transferred residue was shown, using 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a - L -arabinofuranosidase treatment, to be a - L -Ara f and to be linked to O -5 of the nonreducing terminal Ara f residue of the acceptor oligosaccharide. The enzyme was nonprocessive because only a single Ara f residue was added to the acceptor molecule. Arabino-oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization between 3 and 8 were acceptor substrates. The 2-aminobenzamide-labeled arabino-tetra- and pentasaccharides were the most effective acceptor substrates analyzed. The enzyme has a pH optimum between 6.5 and 7.0 and its activity is stimulated by Mn 2 1 and Co 2 1 ions. The apparent K m and V max values of the arabinofuranosyltransferase for UDP-arabinofuranose are 243 m M and 243 pmol min 2 1 mg protein 2 1 , respectively. The highest enzyme activity was detected in the elongating regions of mung bean hypocotyls. The data show that UDP-arabinofuranose is the donor molecule for the generation of arabino-oligosaccharides composed of Ara f residues.
Integrating Mobile Learning Assessment Tools in High School Science

Mobile assessment tools such as smartphones and tablets are not only used in communication and entertainment but are also useful in the assessment and instructional purposes. These device functionalities are enhanced by their capability to connect to the internet and support visual displays, text input, voice controls, and hardware and software controls such as keypads, which were traditionally limited to desktops computers. These assemblies have been customized through downloadable applications to display, monitor, self-evaluate, and track information, factors which offer significant parameters that are useful in promoting and evaluating learning. This study analyzed a variety of literature reviews on the impacts and challenges of using mobile devices in high school science and the methodologies that were employed in these studies. It also scrutinized some policies from various countries, states, and school districts on the use of mobile devices in science learning. Sources on policy collected from different institutions and countries provided a formidable and universal plan that may be useful in formulating strategies and studies on mobile assessment tools in education. Some studies revealed that cross-sectional and localized research studies that are limited to the relationship of specific variables such as student's sex, age, and grade level and mobile assessment tools might generate a concise image of the effectiveness of mobile devices and policy interventions.
Epithelial Antimicrobial Peptide Expression TRIF Signaling Drives Homeostatic Intestinal

Recent results indicate a signiﬁcant contribution of innate immune signaling to maintain mucosal homeostasis, but the precise underlying signal transduction pathways are ill-deﬁned. By comparative analysis of intestinal epithelial cells isolated from conventionally raised and germ-free mice, as well as animals deﬁcient in the adaptor molecules MyD88 and TRIF, the TLR3 and TLR4, as well as the type I and III IFN receptors, we demonstrate signiﬁcant TLR-mediated signaling under homeostatic conditions. Sur-prisingly, homeostatic expression of Reg3 g and Paneth cell enteric antimicrobial peptides critically relied on TRIF and, in part, TLR3 but was independent of IFN receptor signaling. Reduced antimicrobial peptide expression was associated with signiﬁcantly lower numbers of Paneth cells and a reduced Paneth cell maturation and differentiation factor expression in TRIF mutant compared with wild-type epithelium. This phenotype was not transferred to TRIF-sufﬁcient germ-free animals during cohousing. Low antimicrobial peptide expression in TRIF-deﬁcient mice caused reduced immediate killing of orally administered bacteria but was not associated with signiﬁcant alterations in the overall composition of the enteric microbiota. The phenotype was rapidly restored in a TRIF-independent fashion after transient epithelial damage. Our results identify TRIF signaling as a truly homeostatic pathway to maintain intestinal epithelial barrier function revealing fundamental differences in the innate immune signaling between mucosal homeostasis and tissue repair. The Journal of Immunology , 2014, 193: 000–000.
Sox17 and Sox4 Differentially Regulate (cid:2) -Catenin/T-Cell Factor Activity and Proliferation of Colon Carcinoma Cells (cid:1)

The canonical Wnt pathway is necessary for gut epithelial cell proliferation, and aberrant activation of this pathway causes intestinal neoplasia. We report a novel mechanism by which the Sox family of transcription factors regulate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. We found that some Sox proteins antagonize while others enhance (cid:1) -catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) activity. Sox17 , which is expressed in the normal gut epithelium but exhibits reduced expression in intestinal neoplasia, is antagonistic to Wnt signaling. When overexpressed in SW480 colon carcinoma cells, Sox17 represses (cid:1) -catenin/TCF activity in a dose-dependent manner and inhibits proliferation. Sox17 and Sox4 are expressed in mutually exclusive domains in normal and neoplastic gut tissues, and gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrate that Sox4 enhances (cid:1) -catenin/TCF activity and the proliferation of SW480 cells. In addition to binding (cid:1) -catenin, both Sox17 and Sox4 physically interact with TCF/lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) family members via their respective high-mobility-group box domains. Results from gain- and loss-of-function experiments suggest that the
Key knowledge management strategies implemented in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia construction industry: an empirical study

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) construction sector is an important industry and contributes approximately 20% of the gross domestic product (GDP). However, uncertainty, complexity, sustainability and Saudi Arabia National Policy Plan 2030 are among the most important features of the current construction business environment in the KSA. Therefore, for the KSA construction organisations, the creation of economic value by addressing the above issues now increasingly poses real profound strategic challenges. This paper focuses on key knowledge management (KM) strategies that the KSA construction organisations implemented en route to organisational competitiveness. The findings are in the main, based on semi-structured interviews with 46 professionals from 30 construction organisations. The data analysis revealed that, the key initiatives implemented broadly under the umbrella of KM are knowledge sharing initiatives, knowledge capturing initiatives and knowledge mapping initiatives. The scarcity of knowledge and expertise is, and will continue to be, a huge challenge for many construction organisations in the KSA.
Genome Sequence Analysis of the Emerging Human Pathogenic Acetic Acid Bacterium Granulibacter bethesdensis (cid:1) †

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited immune deﬁciency characterized by increased susceptibility to infection with Staphylococcus , certain gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Granulibacter bethesdensis , a newly described genus and species within the family Acetobacteraceae , was recently isolated from four CGD patients residing in geographically distinct locales who presented with fever and lymphadenitis. We sequenced the genome of the reference strain of Granulibacter bethesdensis , which was isolated from lymph nodes of the original patient. The genome contains 2,708,355 base pairs in a single circular chromosome, in which 2,437 putative open reading frames (ORFs) were identiﬁed, 1,470 in the nonpathogenic but related Gluconobacter oxydans genome. bethesdensis for virulence, adherence, DNA uptake, methanol GC% values and best BLAST analysis suggested that some of these unique ORFs were recently acquired. Comparison of G. bethesdensis to other known CGD pathogens demonstrated conservation of some putative virulence factors, suggesting possible common mechanisms involved in pathogenesis in CGD. Geno- typing of the four patient isolates by use of a custom microarray demonstrated genome-wide variations in regions encoding DNA uptake systems and transcriptional regulators and in hypothetical ORFs. G. bethesdensis a
Automated Expert Knowledge Base Generation Using Genetic Programming

: Nowadays, a large number of intelligent systems for decision-making have yielded encouraging results. However, it is commonly acknowledged that expert system technology has some drawbacks. In particular, the knowledge bases of expert systems do not evolve. To solve this problem, a solution that integrates neural networks and expert systems has recently proposed, namely the application of neural logic networks. This integrated system combines the strength of rule-based semantic structure and the learning capability of connectionist architecture. Nevertheless, the early approaches of this model carried the disadvantage of producing poor results or solutions that could not be interpreted straightforward. In this work, we overcome these problems and we propose a system that is capable of producing arbitrary large and connected neural logic networks that can easily be interpreted into sets of expert rules. To accomplish this task we adopt a ge-netic programming approach, guided through grammars and we encode indirectly the architecture into genetic programming individuals. We test and make conclusions on the effectiveness of the proposed system into two real-world decision making domains.
Study on Stability of Sand-filled Embankment Slope with Cover Layer

To study the stability of natural sand embankment slope covered with cohesive soil layer,the mode and the mechanism of sand embankment slope failure were analyzed.The position of sliding surface was found out through the laboratory model test,and a new formula to determine the stability factor of sand-filled embankment slope was developed accordingly.It is found that(1) the cohesive soil cover layer can make the shallow sliding surface move toward inside of embankment;(2) when the foundation is in good condition,the slide line of the passive wedge is a slash though the foot of cohesive soil layer,the slide line of the active wedge is a slash in the embankment filling.Two slide lines form the broken line in two slide surfaces.Cohesive soil with higher shear strength is more suitable to be chosen as cover layer material.At the same time,the quality of soil compaction is very important.
High - resolution records of Oceanic Anoxic Event 2: Insights 1 into the timing, duration and extent of environmental 2 perturbations from the palaeo - South Pacific Ocean

23 Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2), which took place around the Cenomanian–Turonian 24 boundary (~94 Ma), is associated with extreme perturbations to the global carbon cycle, 25 affected ocean basins worldwide and was associated with significant biological turnover. 26 Although this event has been well studied in the northern hemisphere, the evolution and 27 character of OAE 2, particularly in terms of the vertical and lateral extent of anoxia, is poorly 28 constrained in the palaeo-Pacific Ocean. Furthermore, the precise timing, duration and 29 character of this event, and the exact mechanisms driving OAE 2 environmental changes, are 30 still being debated. Here, we present the first high-resolution records of carbon- isotopes, total 31 organic carbon and magnetic susceptibility from the southern palaeo-Pacific Ocean during 32 OAE 2, sampled at two sections in New Zealand. The carbon-isotope records from both 33 localities reveal a ~2 ‰ positive excursion that represents the global change in the carbon 34 cycle associated with OAE 2. When combined with a cyclostratigraphic age model, these new 35 records constrain the duration of the OAE 2 carbon-isotope excursion to at least 930 ± 25 ky 36 and indicate a minimum duration of 200 ± 25 ky for the ‘Plenus Cold Event’ that took place 37 during OAE 2. The lithologies and low organic-carbon contents of the New Zealand sections 38 imply that oxic conditions prevailed along, at least parts of, the margins of the palaeo-Pacific 39 Ocean at mid- to high southern latitudes during OAE 2 while, contemporaneously, conditions 40 were locally anoxic in the mid-water column of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Despite these 41 apparently oxic conditions in the New Zealand region, there was a partial collapse of benthic 42 ecosystems leading up to, and during, OAE 2, suggesting environmental deterioration caused 43 by intermittent oxygen deprivation, or other chemical or biological disturbances in the South 44 Pacific region that remain to be elucidated. (hydrogen index; amount of hydrocarbons generated by pyrolysis at T max relative to TOC)
Listeria biofilm-associated protein ( BapL ) may contribute to surface 1 attachment of Listeria monocytogenes but it is absent from many field isolates 2 3

Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen capable of adhering to a range of 24 surfaces utilized within the food industry, including stainless steel. The factors required 25 for the attachment of this ubiquitous organism to abiotic surfaces are still relatively 26 unknown. In silico analysis of the L. monocytogenes EGD genome identified a putative 27 cell wall anchored protein (Lmo0435: BapL), which had similarity to proteins involved in 28 biofilm formation by staphylococci. An insertion mutation was constructed in L. 29 monocytogenes to determine the influence of this protein on attachment to abiotic 30 surfaces. Results show that the protein may contribute to surface adherence of strains 31 that possess BapL, but it is not an essential requirement for all L. monocytogenes strains. 32 Several BapL-negative field isolates demonstrated an ability to adhere to abiotic surfaces 33 equivalent to that of BapL-positive strains. BapL is not required for the virulence of L. 34 monocytogenes in mice.
Does the addition of Motivational Interviewing/Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (MI/CBT) to standard alcohol and other drug use care improve the outcomes of young people with comorbid depression and substance misuse?

Background: The high rates of comorbid depression and substance use in young people have been associated with a range of adverse outcomes. Yet, few treatment studies have been conducted with this population. Objective : To determine if the addition of Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (MI/CBT) to standard alcohol and other drug (AOD) care improves the outcomes of young people with comorbid depression and substance use. Participants and Setting: Participants comprised 88 young people with comorbid depression (Kessler 10 score of > 17) and substance use (mainly alcohol/cannabis) seeking treatment at two youth AOD services in Melbourne, Australia. Sixty young people received MI/CBT in addition to standard care (SC) and 28 received SC alone. Outcomes Measures: Primary outcome measures were depressive symptoms and drug and alcohol use in the past month. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 3 and 6 months follow up. Results and Conclusions: The addition of MI/CBT to SC was associated with a significantly greater rate of change in depression, cannabis use, motivation to change substance use and social contact in the first 3 months. However, those who received SC had achieved similar improvements on these variables by 6 months follow up. All young people achieved significant improvements in functioning and quality of life variables over time, regardless of the treatment group. No changes in alcohol or other drug use were found in either group. The delivery of MI/CBT in addition to standard AOD care may offer accelerated treatment gains in the short-term.
Boundary Layer Studies above lake Erken using Modelling and UAV

Boundary Layer Studies above lake Erken using Modelling and UAV Oliver Nordvall Internal boundary layers (IBLs) above lakes, created primarily by the autumn differential of land and lake surface temperatures, present a unique way of studying the lake-atmosphere coupling within the boundary layer. The small and mobile unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) contribute to new research areas within the boundary layer, offering high spatial resolution measurements to complement already existing observations. In this study a UAV was used for profile measurements in order to investigate the presence of an IBL on October 17th, 2019, at lake Erken in central Sweden, and evaluate the suitability of using UAVs for these kinds of studies. The measurements were compared with WRF model simulations during the same time period and with a highest spatial resolution of 333.33 m, but neither the measurements nor the simulation found evidence of an IBL above Erken. To find the most suitable model setup, several different setups were tested in a sensitivity analysis of another case that investigated if the simulation could capture a sea breeze circulation and the warm air advection at Erken in early May, 2018. The model setup that best fit the measurements and observations were using the Kessler microphysics scheme, Quasi-Normal Elimination Scale (QNSE) boundary layer scheme and Community Land Model (CLM) 4.5 lake physics scheme, successfully capturing a sea breeze circulation on May 1st. The use of the CLM 4.5 lake physics scheme proved very important for obtaining accurate lake water temperatures. However, none of the model setups accurately captured the warm air advection and thus, further tests are required in order to produce improved results.
SURVEY AND SUMMARY Single-molecule insight into stalled replication fork rescue in Escherichiacoli

DNA replication forks stall at least once per cell cycle inEscherichiacoli.DNA replication must be restarted if the cell is to survive. Restart is a multi-step process requiring the sequential action of several proteins whose actions are dictated by the nature of the im-pediment to fork progression. When fork progress is impeded, the sequential actions of SSB, RecG and the RuvABC complex are required for rescue. In contrast, when a template discontinuity results in the forked DNA breaking apart, the actions of the RecBCD pathway enzymes are required to resurrect the fork so that replication can resume. In this review, we focus primarily on the signiﬁcant insight gained from single-molecule studies of individual proteins, protein complexes, and also, partially reconstituted regression and RecBCD pathways. This insight is re-lated to the bulk-phase biochemical data to provide a comprehensive review of each protein or protein complex as it relates to stalled DNA replication fork rescue.