Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of GM(1,1)Model in Agricultural Water Demand and Water-Saving Irrigation Area Forecasting

Based on the theory of grey system,this paper establishes GM(1,1)model to forecast agricultural water demand and wa- ter-saving irrigation area of different water-saving irrigation technique in the Bashang plateau.Checked up the model with residual er- ror text,relational coefficient test,variance test,and little probability of error test,the precision of the model is well enough to meet the requirement,proved that the feasibility and adaptable of the method,So it can be used to predict related index。 The result of this model will be the key path to rapidly upgrade irrigation agriculture in this area in the future.
Generalized inverses of partitioned matrices and recalculation of least squares estimates for data or model changes

In this paper, we develop formulae similar to those of Greville and Cline con necting g-inverses of A with the corresponding g-inverses of (A : a) where a is a column vector. We consider A", Aj, A? , A^ and A+ for this purpose. In Sections 2 and 3 two parallel sets of formulae are developed, one for computing (A : a)~ from A~ and the other for computing A~ from (A : a)~. In Sections 2 and 3 we consider only the Euclidean norms. In Section 4, the results of Sections 2 and 3 are generalized where we consider more general inner products. The results of Sections 2, 3 and 4 are useful in least squares computations. First let us consider a linear model F = X$ + e where D(e) = a2I. The results of Section 2 are useful when one looks for revised estimates of parameters when either an additional uncorrelated observation with unit variance is considered or an extra parameter is added to the linear model. The results of Section 3 are useful when one wishes to compute revised estimates of the remaining parameters if a superfluous parameter is dropped out from the original linear model. These are also useful in
Programming learning and teaching of pre-service computer science teachers: Challenges, concerns, and solutions

This study investigates pre-service computer science (CS) teachers’ perspectives on the factors affecting their programming abilities, concerns about their future professional lives, and pedagogical suggestions for effective programming teaching. The participants of the study were twenty-eight pre-service CS teachers studying at eighteen different universities in Türkiye. The data was gathered with a questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions. Results showed that inherent programming challenges, personal factors, and quality of undergraduate education affected pre-service CS teachers’ abilities in programming teaching. They were concerned about their professional lives relating to programming teaching, keeping up with technological innovations, pedagogical concerns, and teaching practice. They also suggested pedagogical approaches that could be used in programming teaching under two categories, namely basic programming teaching, and teaching principles and techniques. The study contributes to the development of programming teaching by shedding light on the current perspectives of pre-service CS teachers on programming education.
Using Chained Views and Follow-Up Queries to Assist the Visual Exploration of the Web of Big Linked Data

Abstract The Web of Linked Open Data (LOD) provides access to a great number of dynamic datasets containing valuable information to support decision-making processes in diverse application domains while being publicly accessible and up-to-date. While information visualization techniques are useful to explore, analyze, and explain relationships within LOD data, the existing tools are limited to visualizing a single dataset at a time and, often, use static and preprocessed data. In this article, we leverage the linked aspect of LOD to support the dynamic integration of data into a visualization system by connecting views and distributed LOD datasets using the so-called follow-up queries. We demonstrate how our approach uses dynamic SPARQL queries to integrate external data into the exploration flow through visualization techniques and enrich the ongoing analysis. We ran a semi-structured interview to assess the usefulness of our approach, which results were encouraging while showing its relevance to explore big linked data.
COVID-19 Vaccination Delivery in Long-Term-Care using the CARD (Comfort Ask Relax Distract) System: Mixed Methods study of Implementation Drivers

ABSTRACT Objectives CARD (comfort, ask, relax, distract) is a vaccine delivery framework that includes interventions to improve the patient’s experience. CARD has not been previously implemented in long-term care (LTC) settings. This study evaluated drivers to implementation for COVID-19 vaccinations in an LTC facility. Methods Postimplementation interpretive evaluation including qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys with eight participants. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used for analysis. Adverse reactions to vaccinations and CARD interventions, including local reactogenicity and systemic reactions, were abstracted from medical charts of residents. Results Eight CFIR constructs emerged. Staff perceived CARD was complex because it added steps to vaccination delivery. Motivated to meet residents’ needs, a receptive implementation climate of support among staff led to using strategies within CARD, such as administering topical anesthetics and omitting alcohol skin antisepsis prior to injections. Having an effective network like the residents council positively influenced implementation by allowing residents to voice their opinions. Facilitators to implementation included staff knowledge and beliefs and staff’s commitment to their organization, which was focused on person-centered care. Barriers included lack of available resources (inadequate staffing), insufficient communication between management and staff and lack of awareness of CARD, and external policies not aligned with CARD. Chart reviews conducted for 93 vaccinated residents corroborated perceptions of vaccination and CARD intervention safety, revealing a low rate of local and systemic adverse reactions and no cases of skin infection. Discussion We identified positive and negative implementation drivers. Future research is recommended to expand the strategies employed and involve residents more directly.
Acritarch Clusters from the Cambrian (Miaolingian) of the Příbram-Jince Basin, Czech Republic

ABSTRACT Monogeneric clusters of five acritarch genera (Adara, Cymatiosphaera, Eliasum, Synsphaeridium and Timofeevia) were discovered in palynological residues obtained from fine-grained siliciclastic samples from the middle Cambrian (Miaolingian) Jince Formation of the Příbram–Jince Basin (Czech Republic). The clusters consist of two to more than 100 individual specimens and lack a common pattern of organisation. Acritarchs within clusters fall within a similar size range, regardless of generic affinity. Proposed mechanisms for the formation of these acritarch clusters are discussed: for the Jince Formation clusters, aggregation within algal blooms or primary colonial behaviour are the most plausible explanations. In addition, a summary of reports of acritarch clusters from lower Palaeozoic strata is included: clusters of a variety of acritarch genera have been documented from rocks of early Cambrian to Late Devonian age.
Impact of Adjacent Facet Joint Osteoarthritis on Adjacent Segment Degeneration after Short-Segment Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Indirect Decompression: Minimum 5-Year Follow-Up

Purpose Lumbar fusion combined with lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) and percutaneous pedicle screws (PPS) is a widely used, minimally invasive surgical treatment, but studies on incidence and risk factors for subsequent adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) are limited. This study was aimed at investigating midterm incidence and reoperation rate of ASD after indirect decompression (IDD) with LLIF and PPS and at clarifying the impact of preexisting adjacent facet osteoarthritis on development of ASD after IDD. Methods Forty-one patients who underwent short-segment (1- or 2-level) lumbar fusion with LLIF and PPS with a minimum 5-year follow-up were analyzed. Cephalad adjacent facet osteoarthritis was classified as 1 (normal) to 4 (severe) by an established classification system on preoperative CT. ASD was diagnosed with plain radiographs taken preoperatively and up to 5 years postoperatively, and preoperative degree of facet osteoarthritis was compared between the ASD+ group and ASD- group (control). We also divided patients into two groups according to severity of facet degeneration, mild (grades 1-2) group and severe (grades 3-4) group, and investigated ASD-free survival of the groups by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The incidence of ASD at 5 years postoperatively was 34.1%, and the reoperation rate for ASD was 4.9%. The degree of preexisting facet joint osteoarthritis was significantly different between the ASD+ and ASD- groups (grade 1/2/3/4: 0/29/64/7% and 29/62/29/10%, P = 0.008). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the severe group to have significantly lower ASD-free survival than the mild group (P = 0.017) at 5 years postoperatively. Conclusion Comparative analysis of the ASD+ versus ASD- group showed preexisting facet joint osteoarthritis to be a risk factor for ASD progression after IDD. Additional longitudinal studies with long-term follow-up are needed to understand the causal relationship between facet joint degeneration and progression of adjacent segment deterioration following IDD.
Continuum removal in Hα extragalactic measurements

We point out an important source of error in measurements of extragalactic Hα emission and suggest ways to reduce it. The Hα line, used for estimating star formation rates, is commonly measured by imaging in a narrow band and a wide band, both of which include the line. The image analysis relies on the accurate removal of the underlying continuum. We discuss in detail the derivation of the emission-line’s equivalent width and flux for extragalactic extended sources, and the required photometric calibrations. We describe commonly used continuum-subtraction procedures, and discuss the uncertainties that they introduce. Specifically, we analyse errors introduced by colour effects. We show that the errors in the measured Hα equivalent width induced by colour effects can lead to underestimates as large as 40 per cent and overestimates as large as 10 per cent, depending on the underlying galaxy’s stellar population and the continuum-subtraction procedure used. We also show that these errors may lead to biases in results of surveys, and to the underestimation of the cosmic star formation rate at low redshifts (the low z points in the Madau plot). We suggest a method to significantly reduce these errors using a single colour measurement.
Reexamining nodality in equivalence classes

Equivalence classes are defined according to the substitutability, or functional similarity, of the stimuli within a stimulus class. Several studies have demonstrated that the degree of functional similarity between stimuli in a class is dependent, in part, upon the number of nodes (intervening stimuli) between the stimuli. Higher nodal number is related to lower functional similarity. This effect is referred to as “nodality. ” There are three key factors that have not been simultaneously controlled for in the relevant studies: priming effects, reinforcement during training, and multiple stimulus functions of stimuli (sample, comparison, or both). In the present experiment, controlling for these factors, two 6‐member, 4‐node equivalence classes were established, and a within‐class preference assessment was used to evaluate nodality. Of 12 participants, five achieved criterion accuracy (90%) during testing. These participants demonstrated nodality, showing preference for stimuli that were nodally proximal to a sample in the preference test. When distal comparisons were chosen, participants took longer, on average, to make the selection compared to selections of proximal stimuli. These findings are consistent with earlier studies demonstrating nodality, which suggests that nodality is a robust phenomenon and not an artifact of the factors that were controlled for in the present study.
The Effect of Manual Therapy Plus Exercise in Patients with Lateral Ankle Sprains: A Critically Appraised Topic with a Meta-Analysis

A high percentage of patients with lateral ankle sprains report poor outcomes and persistent neuromuscular impairment leading to chronic ankle instability and re-injury. Several interventions have been proposed and investigated, but the evidence on manual therapy combined with therapeutic exercise for pain reduction and functional improvement is still uncertain. The purpose was to study the effectiveness of adding manual therapy to therapeutic exercise in patients with lateral ankle sprains through a critically appraised topic. The literature search was performed in PubMed, PEDro, EMBASE and CINAHL databases, and only randomized clinical trials were included according to following criteria: (1) subjects with acute episodes of lateral ankle sprains, (2) administered manual therapy plus therapeutic exercise, (3) comparisons with therapeutic exercise alone and (4) reported outcomes for pain and function. Three randomized clinical trials (for a total of 180 patients) were included in the research. Meta-analyses revealed that manual therapy plus exercise was more effective than only exercises in improving dorsal (MD = 8.79, 95% CI: 6.81, 10.77) and plantar flexion (MD = 8.85, 95% CI 7.07, 10.63), lower limb function (MD = 1.20, 95% CI 0.63, 1.77) and pain (MD = −1.23; 95% IC −1.73, −0.72). Manual therapy can be used with therapeutic exercise to improve clinical outcome in patients with lateral ankle sprains.
On the Earthly Origin of the Penzias-Wilson Microwave Background

According to the experimental analysis conducted by P.-M. Robitaille, the 2.7 K microwave background, first detected by Penzias and Wilson, is not of cosmic origin, but originates from the Earth, and is generated by oceanic water. In examining this problem two fields must be considered: (1) the Earth Microwave Background, the EMB, present with the 2.7 K monopole and 3.35 mK dipole components; (2) the weak Intergalactic Microwave Background, the IMB, which is connected to the entire Metagalaxy. This conclusion meets our theoretical considerations. First, the field density of the EMB, being inversely proportional to the field volume, should decrease with the cube of the distance from the Earth’s surface, while its dipole anisotropy, which is due to the motion of the entire field in common with the Earth, is independent from altitude. Therefore, the EMB monopole should not be found at the 2nd Lagrange point (1.5 mln km from the Earth), while the dipole anisotropy should remain the same as near the Earth. Second, according to General Relativity, the motion through the IMB in a referred direction manifests the three-dimensional rotation of the entire space of the Metagalaxy.
GRMHD in axisymmetric dynamical spacetimes: the X-ECHO code

We present a new numerical code, X-ECHO, for general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) in dynamical spacetimes. This is aimed at studying astrophysical situations where strong gravity and magnetic fields are both supposed to play an important role, such as for the evolution of magnetized neutron stars or for the gravitational collapse of the magnetized rotating cores of massive stars, which is the astrophysical scenario believed to eventually lead to (long) GRB events. The code is based on the extension of the Eulerian conservative high-order (ECHO) scheme [Del Zanna et al., A&A 473, 11 (2007)] for GRMHD, here coupled to a novel solver for the Einstein equations in the extended conformally flat condition (XCFC). We fully exploit the 3+1 Eulerian formalism, so that all the equations are written in terms of familiar 3D vectors and tensors alone, we adopt spherical coordinates for the conformal background metric, and we consider axisymmetric spacetimes and fluid configurations. The GRMHD conservation laws are solved by means of shock-capturing methods within a finite-difference discretization, whereas, on the same numerical grid, the Einstein elliptic equations are treated by resorting to spherical harmonics decomposition and solved, for each harmonic, by inverting band diagonal matrices. As a side product, we build and make available to the community a code to produce GRMHD axisymmetric equilibria for polytropic relativistic stars in the presence of differential rotation and a purely toroidal magnetic field. This uses the same XCFC metric solver of the main code and has been named XNS. Both XNS and the full X-ECHO codes are validated through several tests of astrophysical interest.
Tourism as creative destruction: place making and resilience in rural areas

ABSTRACT This paper develops a new theoretical framework for understanding rural spatial change under the creative destruction of rural commodification and tourist consumption activities. In the context of tourism as creative destruction, place making is used as a theoretical tool to elaborate on positive spatial change in rural areas, and resilience is regarded as a new perspective for rural change management to capture the good adaptive cycle of this place making. The findings from a review of the literature on tourism as creative destruction, place making, and resilience are that maintaining a strong sense of the rural idyll and incessantly transforming innovative spaces into quality places in a resilient cycle of adaptation are the core of place making under tourism as creative destruction. These findings further suggest that continual innovation and the adaptive cycle are the main factors to consider when applying the notion of resilience in change management to the overall framework and deriving managerial implications from tourism as creative destruction and the transformation of space in rural areas.
A Parametric Network for the Global Compensation of Physical Layer Linear Impairments in Coherent Optical Communications

This paper proposes a parametric network for the joint compensation of multiple linear impairments in coherent optical communication systems. The considered linear impairments include both static and time-variant effects such as in-phase/quadrature (IQ) imbalance, laser phase noise (PN), chromatic dispersion (CD), polarization mode dispersion (PMD), and carrier frequency offset (CFO). To jointly compensate for these considered impairments, the proposed network is composed of parametric layers that exploit the particular signal model of each impairment. The layers’ parameters are jointly learned during a training stage. This stage uses a supervised step that exploits the knowledge of some transmitted data (preamble and/or pilots) and a self-labeling step that uses the knowledge of the symbol constellation. In addition, a new validation technique that does not require a different dataset is developed to avoid overfitting. The parametric network performance is compared to classical digital signal processing (DSP), and Deep Learning (DL) approaches using simulated data. Simulation results show that the proposed network outperforms the competing approaches in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) while maintaining a relatively reduced computational complexity. In the scenarios considered, compared to the parametric network, the DSP approach introduces an OSNR penalty between 0.2 dB and 1.7 dB at a BER of ${4\times 10^{-3}}$ . Furthermore, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed network is way more flexible than other approaches since it can easily be adapted to a different scenario and coupled with other techniques.
Effects of N6-Methyladenosine Regulators on LAG3 and Immune Infiltrates in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological subtype of lung cancer, which is one of the most commonly diagnosed tumors and the leading causes of death from cancer around the world. Since RNA methylation is a posttranscriptional modification and affects so much biological progress, it is urged to explore the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation in LUAD. Methods We explored the expression of 24 m6A methylation genes, as well as their correlations with LAG3 in 561 LUAD samples from TCGA. Consensus clustering was applied to m6A methylation genes, and two LUAD subgroups were identified. The expression of m6A genes was analyzed by the Wilcoxon test. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses were performed to indicate the pathway affected by differentially expressed genes in the two groups. A prognostic model based on LASSO regression using an eleven-m6A gene signature was constructed according to the expression of these genes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to confirm the accuracy of the model in the TCGA cohort, as well as in the test cohort from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Results Compared to cluster 1, cluster 2 showed poorer overall survival (OS) and higher LAG3 expression. In addition, KEGG and GO enrichment analyses indicated that differentially expressed genes are enriched in the immune response. We also observed that the expression of LAG3 is positively correlated with IGF2BP2, CBLL1, and HNRNPA2B1 and negatively correlated with YTHDF2, YTHDF3, and FTO. For patients in the TCGA cohort, the AUC score is 0.7, and the AUC score for the GSE50081 cohort is 0.675. Patients with lower risk scores exhibited better overall survival and lower expression of LAG3 than patients with higher risk scores. Conclusions In brief, our results indicated the important role of m6 methylation in affecting the tumor immune microenvironment and the survival of patients with LUAD. The m6A methylation gene signatures might serve as promising therapeutic targets and help the immunotherapy of LUAD in the future.