Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The chrysanthemumcarboxylic acids. IV.—optical resolution of the chrysanthemic acids

Resolution of (±)-trans-chrysanthemic acid by fractional crystallization of the quinine salt yields the pure (-)-trans-acid quinine salt, decomposed by hydrochloric acid to optically pure (-)-trans-chrysanthemic acid. Conversion of the impure (+)-trans-acid into the (-)-α-phenylethylamine salt and fractional crystallization yields the pure (+)-trans-acid (-)-α-phenylethylamine salt, decomposed to optically pure (+)-trans-chrysanthemic acid. This completes the total synthesis of chrysanthemum-monocarboxylic acid. Resolution of (±)-cis-chrysanthemic acid as the quinine salt yields the pure (+)-cis-acid quinine salt, decomposed to the optically pure crystalline (+)-cis-chrysanthemic acid. Conversion of the impure (-)-cis-acid into the (+)-α-phenylethylamine salt and fractional crystallization yields the pure (-)-cis-acid (+)-a-phenylethylamine salt, decomposed to the optically pure crystalline (-)-cis-chrysanthemic acid.
Genetic analysis workshop III: Sib pair analyses to determine linkage groups and to order loci

The methods proposed by Haseman and Elston [1972] were used to estimate the proportion of genes identical by descent shared by each sib pair at each locus. These estimates were then used as a basis for obtaining all possible locus‐locus correlations. The 12 significant correlations (P < .01) and their rank order indicated the correct linkage groups and the order of the loci.
Stabilized and Immobilized Bacillus subtilis Arginase for the Biobased Production of Nitrogen-Containing Chemicals

L-Ornithine could serve as an intermediate in the biobased production of 1,4-diaminobutane from L-arginine. Using the concept of biorefinery, L-arginine could become widely available from biomass waste streams via the nitrogen storage polypeptide cyanophycin. Selective hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornithine is difficult to perform chemically, therefore the stabilization and immobilization of Bacillus subtilis arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) was studied in a continuously stirred membrane reactor system. Initial pH of the substrate solution, addition of L-aspartic acid and reducing agents all appeared to have an effect on the operational stability of B. subtilis arginase. A remarkably good operational stability (total turnover number, TTN=1.13108) at the pH of arginine free base (pH 11.0) was observed, which was further improved with the addition of sodium dithionite to the substrate solution (TTN>1109). B. subtilis arginase was successfully immobilized on three commercially available epoxy-activated supports. Immobilization on Sepabeads EC-EP was most promising, resulting in a recovered activity of 75% and enhanced thermostability. In conclusion, the stabilization and immobilization of B. subtilis arginase has opened up possibilities for its application in the biobased production of nitrogen-containing chemicals as an alternative to the petrochemical production
Effects of hydrostatic pressure and temperature on the AlGaN/GaN High electron mobility transistors

In this paper, drain-source current, transconductance and cutoff frequency in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors have been investigated. In order to obtain parameters of exact AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors such as electron density, the wave function, band gap, polarization charge, effective mass and dielectric constant, the hydrostatic pressure and temperature effects are taken into account. It has been found that the drain-source current decreases with increasing temperature and increases with increasing hydrostatic pressure. The increase in temperature is equivalent to a negative virtual gate and an increase in the hydrostatic pressure equivalent to the positive virtual gate voltage. Moreover, the temperature and hydrostatic pressure effective mass dependence in high electron mobility transistor structures are investigated, and it is observed that the increase of hydrostatic pressure decreases the effective mass and the wave function penetrated to the quantum barrier AlGaN. In general, the process of increasing and decreasing the cutoff frequency and transconductance is similar to the variations in the drain-source current. The calculated results are in good agreement with existing experimental data.
Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, resistance in rice cultivar IR64: mechanism and role in successful N. lugens management in Central Luzon, Philippines

We investigated the mechanism of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), resistance in the popular rice cultivar IR64, and the current level of resistance of IR64 to N. lugens in a large rice growing area with low brown planthopper populations (Central Luzon, Philippines). In greenhouse experiments with N. lugens populations collected from Central Luzon, IR64 showed slight to moderate levels of antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance relative to the cultivars IR22 and Azucena, which contain no major genes for N. lugens resistance. IR64 was also more resistant than IR26 in most experiments, despite the fact that both varieties have the same major gene for N. lugens resistance, Bph1. This confirms that IR64 contains one or more additional, apparently minor, genes for brown planthopper resistance. Our findings also demonstrate that, in an area with low insecticide use, it is not necessary to have high levels of N. lugens resistance, even in a rice cultivar grown by the majority of farmers, to maintain low and stable N. lugens populations.
EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABILITY OF A TOURISM DESTINATION: A CASE STUDY OF PIGEON ISLAND IN TRINCOMALEE

To meet the growing demand for tourism, a large number of destinations are being exposed and developed rapidly without proper planning and management harming the natural environment and excluding local communities and local content – the very foundation and uniqueness of the Sri Lankan travel experience. Although Sustainable tourism is a huge concern, its practical applicability has limitations due to lack of a method to evaluate the implications of sustainable principles. This study attempts to develop a framework to evaluate sustainability in a tourism destination based on three pillars of sustainable tourism; economic, environment and socio-cultural which were selected as the mandates of the framework. The indicators of each expression were initially developed based on existing indicators of sustainable tourism and further narrowed down as appropriate for Sri Lankan context. Then the proposed framework was applied to Pigeon Island Marine National Park (PIMNP) at Trincomalee. The data was collected through past records, field surveys, perception surveys, analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods and presented using a descriptive statistics. After quantifying all indicators multicriteria analysis framework was used to derive overall and thematic sustainability levels. The results indicated; overall sustainability level of PIMNP as 42% composing of 47% of economic, 35% of environmental and 44% of socio-cultural thematic sustainability levels. PIMNP has relatively high economic sustainability and lower environment sustainability. Since PIMNP is a tourist attraction based on natural asset, the environment sustainability plays a major role in making the overall venture a sustainable tourism venture.
Further studyoftheHansenula polymorphaMAL locus: characterizationofthea -glucosidepermease encoded by the HpMAL2 gene

The HpMAL2 gene of the MAL gene cluster of Hansenula polymorpha codes for a permease similar to yeast maltose and a-glucoside transporters. Genomic disruption of HpMAL2 resulted in an inability of cells to grow on maltose, sucrose, trehalose, maltotriose and turanose, as well as a lack of p-nitrophenyl-a-Dglucopyranoside (PNPG) transport. PNPG uptake was competitively inhibited by all these substrates, with Ki values between 0.23 and 1.47 mM. Transport by HpMal2p was sensitive to pH and a protonophore carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), revealing its energization by the proton gradient over the cell membrane. Although HpMAL2 was responsible for trehalose uptake, its expression was not induced during trehalose growth. A maltase disruption mutant did not grow on maltotriose and turanose, whereas it showed normal growth on trehalose, demonstrating the dispensability of maltase for intracellular hydrolysis of trehalose. In a Genolevures clone pBB0AA011B12, the promoter region and the N-terminal fragment of the putative transactivator of MAL genes is located adjacent to HpMAL2. A reporter gene assay showed that expression from that promoter was induced by maltose and sucrose, repressed by glucose, and derepressed during glycerol and trehalose growth. Therefore, we presume that the gene encodes a functional regulator.
ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS

The multifaceted project, Come Back to Me , critiques the current state of image commodification to pose questions about subjectivity constituted through an ever-expanding ecosystem of fashion. As fashion theorist Anne Hollander claims, clothes “share in the perpetually idealizing vision of art,” and therefore merit the same meticulous analysis as painting. The work in Come Back to Me examines the relationship of fashion to the canon of female portraiture. I claim that the bodies of women depicted in painting throughout the ages are perpetually portrayed as doll-like objects rather than powerful, autonomous subjects. It is clothes that form these subjectivities, and the sartorial shaping of the body directly affects the somatic, and indeed, the body-image itself. “Sumptuary Laws” instated during the Renaissance dictated dress codes that policed dividing lines between Aristocracy and a rising middle class by forbidding sartorial extravagance and excess. Today, sumptuary laws have been inverted- the Capitalist machine now demands the gluttonous consumption of products by everyone, with the
Assessment of digestive enzyme activities during larval development of white bream

Activity of some of the main enzymes involved in protein digestion and absorption (acid and alkaline professes, leucine-aminopeptidase, acid and alkaline phosphatases) as well as those of amylase and lipase, was assessed during larval development of while sea bream Diplodus sargus. All enzyme activity was detected at the moment of mouth opening. The variations observed in the activity profiles of the digestive enzymes were correlated either to developmental events. such as the functional start of the stomach (22 days after hatching), or to changes in the nature of the diet. The early and noticeable development of digestive enzyme activities was linked to a high survival after weaning.
Characterization of the Mr 190,000 Multidrug Resistance Protein (MRP) in Drug-selected and Transfected Human Tumor Cells

Abstract Overexpression of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) has been detected in resistant cell lines derived from a variety of tumor types. The deduced amino acid sequence of MRP suggests that it is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transmembrane transporter superfamily that may be glycosylated and/or phosphorylated [S. P. C. Cole et al. , Science (Washington, DC), 258: 1650–1654, 1992]. Recently, transfection of HeLa cells with MRP expression vectors has demonstrated that the protein is capable of increasing resistance to natural product drugs such as anthracyclines, Vinca alkaloids, and epipodophyllotoxins (C. E. Grant et al. , Cancer Res., 54: 357–361, 1994). Although the resistance phenotype of the transfectants is similar to that of the human small cell lung cancer cell line, H69AR, from which MRP was originally cloned, the transfectants differ in their drug accumulation characteristics, relative resistance to certain drugs, and MRP mRNA:protein ratio. Such differences have also been observed among drug-selected cell lines that overexpress MRP, and the underlying causes of these variable phenotypes are presently not known. We have utilized polyclonal anti-MRP-peptide antibodies to compare MRP post-translational modification, stability, processing, and subcellular distribution in the HeLa transfectants and in the drug-selected H69AR cells. These studies establish that MRP in both the transfected and selected cells is an ATP-binding, integral membrane glycophosphoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 190,000. No obvious differences were detected in the extent or type of glycosylation or the kinetics of processing and turnover of the protein that might contribute to the different characteristics of the transfected and drug-selected cells. Analyses of the subcellular distribution of MRP by isopyknic density gradient centrifugation revealed that approximately 80% of MRP in the HeLa transfectants was associated with a low density plasma membrane fraction while the comparable fraction in the drug-selected H69AR cells contained only approximately 50% of the protein. The remaining MRP and plasma membrane markers were codistributed in higher density fractions consistent with the presence of MRP in endocytotic vesicles. The relatively high proportion of MRP associated with these fractions in H69AR cells may contribute to the lack of an observable accumulation defect in these cells when compared with the transfectants.
Costs of dispersal alter optimal offspring size in patchy habitats: combining theory and data for a marine invertebrate

Free to read at publisher's site. Much of the theory on offspring size focuses on the effects of habitat quality on the relationship between offspring size and fitness. Habitat spacing may be another important factor that affects selection on offspring size when offspring disperse prior to colonization and accrue deferred costs that are mediated by offspring size. We developed a theoretical model, based on a well-known optimality model, of how selection on offspring size changes with dispersal distance. The model assumes that offspring fitness depends on both offspring size and dispersal duration and that dispersal time and distance are positively related. Such assumptions are based on thousands of marine invertebrate species with non-feeding larvae, but our model also applies more generally to any organism where offspring size modifies the energetic costs of dispersal, and there is a positive relationship between dispersal duration and distance. Our model predicts that, even when habitat quality does not vary, more isolated habitats may favour the production of fewer, larger offspring if smaller offspring incur greater deferred costs of dispersal. We then empirically demonstrate that offspring size and dispersal duration have interactive effects on post-settlement survival in a marine invertebrate (Bugula neritina), and such size-dependent deferred costs of dispersal are of a magnitude sufficient enough to potentially favour larger offspring in isolated habitats. Together, our results indicate that the spatial pattern of suitable habitat could impose very different selective regimes on offspring size compared with the effects of habitat quality. Furthermore, our predictions contrast to those predicted for seed size and dispersal in plants, where the production of smaller, more numerous seeds is often a more efficient way for mothers to access distant, suitable habitat.
Individual behaviour mediates effects of warming on movement across a fragmented landscape

Summary Global warming and habitat fragmentation impose dramatic and potentially interactive impacts on ecosystems. Warming induces shifts in species' distributions as they track temperature changes, but this can be hindered in fragmented landscapes. Corridors connecting habitat patches might ameliorate the combined effects of fragmentation and global warming. Using novel automated tracking methods, the movement of woodlice (Oniscus asellus) ranging in body size from 15·3 to 108·6 mg was quantified across a temperature range from 15 to 25 °C as they moved around an experimental fragmented landscape. We used confirmatory path analysis to test causal effects of temperature and body size on individual movement and corridor crossing rates between two habitat patches. Results showed that woodlice behaved differently in corridors than patches by moving, on average, faster and more often. This is congruent with natural systems where corridors generally provide lower quality habitat than patches. Although metabolic theory suggests positive scaling of movement with body temperature (up to a peak) and body size, we found that corridor crossing rate was (i) not directly affected by body size and (ii) negatively influenced by temperature, possibly due to its indirect effects via humidity. Our path model revealed that metabolic scaling could only explain temperature effects on maximum body velocity, but decision-based behaviour explained most variation in corridor crossing rates. This led to direct and indirect effects of temperature and size on individual movement between habitat patches. Our findings suggest that increasing mean global temperatures, coupled with increasing habitat fragmentation, could have synergistic negative impacts on populations through a combination of physiological and behavioural factors that mediate individual responses to temperature and fragmentation.
Adaptive evolution of the heat-shock response in the Antarctic psychrophilic ciliate, Euplotes focardii: hints from a comparative determination of the hsp70 gene structure

Abstract The Antarctic psychrophilic ciliate Euplotes focardii manifests a dramatic reduction in the activation of its hsp70 gene in response to a heat-shock, while oxidative and chemical stresses activate the transcription of this gene to appreciable extents. To investigate the genetic causes of this eccentric behaviour of E. focardii in the hsp70 gene transcription activation, we carried out a comparative structural analysis of this gene between E. focardii and another Antarctic Euplotes, E. nobilii, which manifests a psychrotrophic behaviour and an inducible thermal response. No substantial difference was detected in the organization of the hsp70 5' promoter region, both species bearing canonical regulatory cis-acting elements deputed to bind transcriptional trans-activating factors. Adenine-rich elements favouring mRNA degradation were instead detected in the hsp70 3' regulatory region of E. nobilii, but not in that of E. focardii. These observations lend further support to the hypothesis that the causes of the Euplotes focardii unresponsiveness to thermal stress resides in some structural, or functional modifications of transcriptional trans-activating factors.
Fault Diagnosis of Gearbox in Multiple Conditions Based on Fine-Grained Classification CNN Algorithm

The use of the convolutional neural network for fault diagnosis has been a common method of research in recent years. Since this method can automatically extract fault features, it has played a good role in some research studies. However, this method has a clear drawback that the signals will be significantly affected by working conditions and sample size, and it is difficult to improve diagnostic accuracy by directly learning faults, regardless of working conditions. It is therefore a research orientation worthy of a diagnosis of high precision defect in various working conditions. In this article, using a fine-grained classification algorithm, the operating conditions of the object system are considered an approximate classification. A specific failure in different working conditions is considered a beautiful classification. Samples of different faults in different working conditions are learned uniformly and the common characteristics are extracted from the convolutional network so that different faults of different working conditions can simultaneously be identified on the basis of the entire sample. Experimental results show that the method effectively uses the set of samples of the working conditions of the variables to obtain the dual recognition of defects and specific working conditions and the accuracy of the recognition is significantly higher than the method of learning regardless of working conditions.
Application of a Fuzzy Neural Network Combined With an Expert Petri Net System to Intrusion Detection System

-A fuzzy neural network (FNN) combined with an expert Petri net system (PN) applied to intrusion detection system (IDS) as a sample test is proposed in this paper. Knowledge based systems represent a logical, symbolic approach while neural networks use numeric and associative processing to intrusion detection system. The PN and FNN based systems may be combined to form an even more powerful system. IDS detects suspected patterns of network traffic on the remaining open parts through monitoring user activities (runtime gathering of data from system operations), and the subsequent analysis of these activities. The purpose of this work is to contribute ideas of finding a solution to detect attacks (Intrusion) through building artificial detection system using feed forward neural networks to detect attacks with low false negative rate (which is the most important point), and low false positive rate. To do so, two feed forward neural networks architectures (one for non fuzzified data, the other for fuzzified data) are suggested, and their behaviors in detecting the attacks are studied. In this research, the suggested IDS not only has the ability to distinguish if the access is normal or attack, but also capable of distinguishing the attack type.
Clinical course and potential predicting factors of pneumonia of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A retrospective observational analysis of 193 confirmed cases in Thailand

Background: Clinical spectrum of COVID-19 has been unclear, especially with regard to the presence of pneumonia. We aimed to present clinical course of all laboratory-confirmed adult COVID-19 patients and to identify potential predicting factors of pneumonia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study among adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized at Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Thailand, regardless of their disease severity, between January 8 and April 16, 2020. We described the full picture of COVID-19, defined definite outcomes and evaluated factors associated with pneumonia. Results: One-hundred-and-ninety-three patients were included. The median (IQR) age was 37.0 (29.0-53.0) years, and 58.5% were male. Of whom, 189 (97.9%) recovered and 4 (2.1%) died. More than half (56%) of the patients were mild, 22% were moderate, 14% were severe, and 3% were critically ill. Asymptomatic infection was found in 5%. The overall incidence of pneumonia was 39%. Bilateral was more prevalent than unilateral pneumonia (65% vs. 35%). Increasing age (OR 2.60 for every 10-year increase from 30 years old; 95% CI, 1.68 to 3.97; p<0.001), obesity (OR 9.17; 95% CI, 2.11 to 39.89; p=0.003), and higher temperature at presentation (OR 4.66 per one-degree Celsius increase from 37.2 degree Celsius; 95% CI, 2.32 to 9.34; p<0.001) were potential predicting factors of COVID-19 pneumonia. Severe cases had a longer viral RNA shedding duration than the non-severe cases. The longest observed duration of viral RNA shedding was 45 days. Conclusion: Across different disease severities, most patients with COVID-19 in Thailand had a good prognosis. COVID-19 pneumonia was found in one-third of the hospitalized patients. Potential predicting factors included old age, obesity, fever at presentation.