Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applications of BCRP-silenced Caco-2 cells and murine Bcrp-transfected MDCK cells in identifying BCRP substrates in vitro

The objective of this study was to evaluate the abilities of a human Caco-2 subclone, in which BCRP was silenced by RNA interference, and MDCK cells, transfected with the murine Bcrp1 gene, to identify BCRP substrates. The human BCRP-silenced Caco-2 subclone (CPT-B1) was created by transduction with a lentiviral vector containing BCRP-targeting shRNA, while murine Bcrp1-expressing MDCK cells (Bcrp1-MDCK) were generated by transfection with the murine Bcrp1 gene to create Bcrp1-overexpressing cells. Bidirectional transport experiments were conducted with commercial compounds in the CPT-B1 and Bcrp1-MDCK assay systems. Compound susceptibilities to efflux by BCRP or Bcrp1 were assessed by their vectorial transport relative to parental Caco-2 cells or GF120918-inhibited Bcrp1-MDCK cells, respectively. BCRP expression in parental Caco-2 cells was confirmed by molecular biology and functional assays. In addition, full-length cDNA sequencing showed that the BCRP gene allele expressed by this Caco-2 subclone does not contain any mutation. In the CPT-B1 assay system, 14 of 22 test compounds were identified as BCRP substrates and 8 as BCRP nonsubstrates; in the Bcrp1-MDCK assay system, 11 were classified as Bcrp1 substrates and 11 as non-substrates. Similarities as well as discrepancies were observed between the two assay systems. Of the 22 compounds tested, 7 compounds were identified as substrates of both BCRP and Bcrp1, 4 as non-substrates of both transporters, 7 as BCRP but not Bcrp1 substrates, and 4 as Bcrp1 but not BCRP substrates. Species difference in BCRP/Bcrp1 substrate specificity may be partially responsible for the discrepancies, but could not account for the fact that some well-known BCRP/Bcrp1 substrates (e.g., sulfasalazine and mitoxantrone) were identified as BCRP substrates in the CPT-B1 system but as Bcrp1 non-substrates in the Bcrp1-MDCK system. An alternative hypothesis is that known and/or as-yet unidentified uptake transporters in the basolateral membrane of Caco-2 cells facilitate cellular uptake of the compounds, whereas MDCK cells may lack such basal uptake systems. The current study demonstrates the utility of the CPT-B1 model for the identification of BCRP substrates, as well as the differences observed between well-characterized in vitro models, suggesting that appropriate control compounds should be benchmarked. Applications of BCRP-silenced Caco-2 cells and murine Bcrp-transfected MDCK cells in identifying BCRP substrates in vitro Jibin Li1, Erin D. Hugger2, Dung Nguyen2, Samantha M. Allen1, Wei Zhang1, Chris Bode1, Albert Owen1 and Ismael J. Hidalgo1 1Absorption Systems L.P., Exton, Pennsylvania; 2GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania METHODS Establishment of stable BCRP knockdown Caco-2 cells: Lentiviral particles containing human BCRPtargeting and non-targeting shRNAs were used to transduce Caco-2 cells to generate BCRP knockdown (CPTB1) cells and vector control (VC) cells (1). Stable transduced cells were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS with puromycin as the selecting agent.
Cost of Equity: Disclosure, Size, and Political Connection

Every businesses are looking for high return. The cost of equity is important to determine the return on investment. This research aims to examine the relationship between disclosure and political connection towards cost of equity. Cost of equity in this research is using Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) approach. The sample used is from manufacture companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014-2017. The regression analysis results indicate that disclosure has negative relationship toward cost of equity. Likewise, the political connection has negative relationship toward cost of equity. Moreover, the size also has negative relationship toward the cost of equity in the companies.
Development of a new drug for progeria syndrome; Past, Present and Future

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is the best characterized genetic disorder with premature aging features. Classic HGPS is very rare, sporadic orphan disease, inherited in an autosomal dominant manner without gender or ethnic differences. Children with HGPS appear normal at birth, but begin to develop segmental progeroid symptoms within the first years of life. Patients suffer from sarcopenia, lipodystrophy, diabetes, cataracts, atherosclerosis but not cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Genetic factors that are associated with this syndrome have been identified, mouse models of disease have been developed, and clinical studies have been conducted for many years. Although many medical and treatment approaches were implemented and showed some efficacy, these therapies could not be considered as a complete cure, and more effective therapeutic approaches were needed for HGPS patients. This report introduces a novel drug called progerinin, which is a binding inhibitor of lamin A and progerin, for patients affected with HGPS.
Sensorless Field Oriented SMCC Based Integral Sliding Mode for Solar PV Based Induction Motor Drive for Water Pumping

This article focuses on an efficient and robust speed sensorless control for a solar water pumping system consisting of solar photovoltaic (PV) array fed submersible induction motor drive (SIMD). The speed estimation and sensorless control of SIMD are quite demanding tasks. Additionally, the motor parameter variations lead to deteriorate sensorless control. Therefore, a sensorless control of submersible induction motor (SIM) requires accurate and robust stator current control. The sliding mode based dc link voltage regulator is adopted for regulating the motor power and the speed for single stage solar PV topology. The integral sliding mode observer based speed estimation of SIM and sliding mode current control (SMCC) for decoupling of current provide a robust control against motor parameters variation. The proportional integral controller based speed sensorless control is used, and its performance is verified with a developed sliding mode based control for motor parameter variation. The ISM-based sensorless control with SMCC for submersible motor serves several benefits in water pumping for agricultural purposes in the presence of uncertainities. In addition, it gives fast response during dynamics. The precise estimation of rotor speed is achieved for a wider range of speed under various dynamic conditions. The developed system with a single-stage PV topology and three-phase voltage source inverter fed IMD feeding a pump as a load is designed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. The suitability of the system is validated through experimentation in the laboratory.
The Application of SnowModel to Vehicle Mobility in Winter

Vehicle mobility in snow is of particular interest to the U.S. Army. We applied SnowModel, a spatially distributed, physically-based snow evolution modeling system, to characterize snow in areas where military vehicles are tested in a greater effort to help determine vehicle mobility limitations in snow. We used SnowModel to simulate a full winter season over small domains in Wyoming, Michigan, and Vermont. Meteorological forcing for the model is generated from weather station data archived in the Integrated Surface Database and the Global Historical Climatology Network. In each domain, the model is run on a 10-meter grid and simulates snow accumulation and ablation and captures seasonal and spatial snowpack variability. Additional processes represented in the model include snow densification, blowing-snow redistribution and sublimation, interception, unloading, and sublimation within forest canopies, and snowpack ripening. To increase efficiency, we parallelized the SnowModel code and implemented it on a high-performance computing system, resulting in as much as a 95% decrease in model run time for domains with a large number of weather stations. Preliminary model results will be presented.
Intrageneric shape variation of douc langur scapula (Genus Pygathrix)

The genus Pygathrix consists of three species, the red-shanked douc langur (Pygathrix neameus), the grey-shanked douc langur (P. cinerea) and the black-shanked douc langur (P. nigripes). These primates are found in Southeast Asia in Laos PDR, Cambodia, and Vietnam, where they occur only east of the Mekong River. The Endangered Primate Rescue Center (EPRC) in Northern Vietnam has lent itself to comparative locomotor studies of the red-shanked and the grey-shanked douc langurs where both have been observed to regularly engage in brachiation and forelimb suspension. The grey-shanked douc langur was observed engaging in forelimb suspension approximately 56% of all locomotor bouts whereas the red-shanked douc langur used forelimb suspension about 46% of all locomotor bouts. Historical literature placed the doucs into the semibrachiator locomotor category but also suggested arm-swinging was infrequent. Scapular shape plays a central role in the ability for a primate to engage in forelimb suspension and brachiation-type behaviors. We examined the scapular diversity within the genus Pygathrix to document morphological variation. We observe that the douc langurs share a similar scapular morphology and therefore by extension share a locomotor repertoire that includes suspensory behaviors. We used 17 3D landmarks to gather shape data on the scapula of the genus Pygathrix. Our results show no significant difference between the scapular shape of the three species (P = 0.354, P = 0.344). These results suggest Pygathrix is monomorphic for scapular shape.
INVESTIGATION OF MEMBER DAMAGE LIMITS AND BUILDING PERFORMANCE STATES IN EXISTING RC BUILDINGS

Seismic performance evaluation of existing buildings has been an important topic in Turkey as well as in other earthquake prone countries. Considerable life and property losses necessitate the seismic performance evaluation of existing buildings. For this reason an additional chapter, which regulates the seismic performance evaluation of existing buildings, was added in to the Turkish earthquake code of 2007. Target performance levels named as Immediate Occupancy, Life Safety, Collapse prevention were described depending on the building type in the code and each performance level was related with the amount of column and beam damages. Damage levels in columns and beams, on the other hand, are explained by using strain based expressions. Threshold strains defining the minimum, safety and collapse limits of sections are explained in terms of compression strains for concrete and tensile strains for steel. However, compatibility of building performance levels and member damage limits is the key point that should be considered. Correlation of member damage limits and building performance states for various structural systems and configurations should be studied. In literature, some studies indicate that formation of member damages occurs at very scattered drift levels and hence performance levels determined by these scattered values may not reflect the real situation. In order to investigate this problem 10 R/C building were selected and analysed. Five of them represent the former code (1975 code) buildings and the rest of them are selected from the newer (1998 code) buildings. Structural properties (member dimensions, reinforcement ratios etc) of members were determined by using design projects and 3-D building models were prepared. Sectional damage limits were calculated according to strain based damage definitions of Turkish earthquake code and plastic hinges were assigned to models by using user-defined (moment and shear) hinges. Capacity curve of buildings were obtained by performing nonlinear pushover analyses. Structural drift ratios corresponding to member (beams and columns) damage levels were obtained. Distribution of these drift points were marked on the capacity curves of buildings and the variation of these points was obtained. Cumulative probability of exceeding member damage limits were calculated and compared with the code conformed values. Results indicate that the distribution of drift ratios corresponding to member damage limits in new and old buildings can be considerably different. Furthermore, it is also observed that identical drift ratios may correspond to completely different performance levels. 1 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Civil Eng., Pamukkale Unv. , Denizli, Turkey, smsenel@pau.edu. tr 2 Research Asst. Faculty of Eng. and Architecture , Arel Unv. , İstanbul, Turkey, mehmetpalanci@arel.edu. tr 3 Research Asst. Dept. of Civil Eng., Pamukkale Unv. , Denizli, Turkey, akalkan@pau.edu. tr 4 Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil Eng., Pamukkale Unv. , Denizli, Turkey, yasinyilmz@gmail.com
A study on the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of southern Iran

Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) can be pivotal members of communities, scavenging large quantities of organic matter including dead and living insects, and plant seeds. This research was done for determining the ant fauna in some provinces of southern Iran. In a total 38 species from 14 genera were collected and identified.
Testing ecological and environmental changes during the last 6000 years: a multiproxy approach based on the bivalve Tawera gayi from southern South America

This paper evaluates if the bivalve Tawera gayi from southern South America represents an opportunity to test ecological variability and environmental changes during the last 6000 years in southern South America. For this purpose, we analyse both modern and fossil (mid-to-late Holocene) T. gayi shells from Tierra del Fuego using different techniques, including taphonomy, stable isotopes, cathodoluminiscence (CL) and linear morphometrics. Taphonomic analysis shows that differences between modern and fossil shells appear best related to local variations of physical factors such as current speed, wave action and freshwater input along the non-uniform Beagle Channel coast. However, slight changes of hydraulic energy regimes throughout the Holocene cannot be ruled out. The analysis of stable isotopes on T. gayi shells indicates a mixing of oceanic waters with freshwater from precipitation, river runoff and glacier meltwater during the mid-to-late Holocene. The high depletion of δ18O at ~4400 years before present would be associated with a period of warmer temperatures, the so-called Hypsithermal. Under CL modern and fossil T. gayi shells show a well defined pattern related to the growth dynamics of the shell, which can lead to a better understanding of its biology, adding details to further palaeoenvironmental analysis. Finally, conventional metrics shows that fossil T. gayi shells are smaller and shorter than modern shells. These differences could be related to Holocene environmental changes, but here are best explained on the basis of a predator–prey relationship. This study shows that T. gayi may be a good candidate for looking at evidences of environmental changes in southern South America, and multi-proxy data are necessary to better understand the driving mechanisms of ecological variability and changes over short geological time intervals of few thousands of years.
Pollinator Ecology and Management Using Publicly Available Data to Quantify Plant–Pollinator Interactions and Evaluate Conservation Seeding Mixes in the Northern Great Plains

Concern over declining pollinators has led to multiple conservation initiatives for improving forage for bees in agroecosystems. Using data available through the Pollinator Library (npwrc.usgs.gov/pollinator/), we summarize plant–pollinator interaction data collected from 2012–2015 on lands managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and private lands enrolled in U.S. Department of Agriculture conservation programs in eastern North Dakota (ND). Furthermore, we demonstrate how plant–pollinator interaction data from the Pollinator Library and seed cost information can be used to evaluate hypothetical seeding mixes for pollinator habitat enhancements. We summarize records of 314 wild bee and 849 honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) interactions detected on 63 different plant species. The wild bee observations consisted of 46 species, 15 genera, and 5 families. Over 54% of all wild bee observations were represented by three genera-Bombus, Lassioglossum, and Melissodes. The most commonly visited forbs by wild bees were Monarda fistulosa, Sonchus arvensis, and Zizia aurea. The most commonly visited forbs by A. mellifera were Cirsium arvense, Melilotus officinalis, and Medicago sativa. Among all interactions, 13% of A. mellifera and 77% of wild bee observations were made on plants native to ND. Our seed mix evaluation shows that mixes may often need to be tailored to meet the unique needs of wild bees and managed honey bees in agricultural landscapes. Our evaluation also demonstrates the importance of incorporating both biologic and economic information when attempting to design cost-effective seeding mixes for supporting pollinators in a critically important part of the United States.
Metal hyperaccumulation in plants: mechanisms of defence against insect herbivores

Summary 1. To determine the mechanisms by which metal hyperaccumulation in plants could provide a chemical defence against insect herbivores, the feeding behaviour and performance of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal), was investigated on plants of Thlaspi caerulescens J. & C. Presl containing different zinc concentrations, as well as on artificial food differing only in Zn content. 2. In choice experiments, locusts preferred T. caerulescens plants containing low foliar Zn concentrations (mean value 0·42 mg g − 1 dry biomass) compared with intermediate (1·50 mg g − 1 ) or high (5·77 mg g − 1 ) Zn concentrations. In no-choice experiments, there was no difference in the duration of the first meal, suggesting that locusts could not taste Zn directly, but total time spent feeding, amount of foliage eaten, and locust growth rate all decreased as foliar Zn concentration increased. 3. When presented with artificial food containing Zn concentrations of 0·5, 1·5 or 5·5 mg g − 1 , locusts fed at a slower rate on intermediate- and high-Zn diets, and their development time from fourth to fifth stadium was proportionately longer. The total amount of food eaten over the fourth stadium was similar for the different treatments, but locust mass gain was inversely related to Zn concentration in the diet. This was reflected in lower nutrient-utilization efficiencies in locusts on a high-Zn diet. 4. In choice experiments with artificial food, locusts showed very similar feeding behaviour to that on plants, consuming more of the low-Zn food. Experiments using food flavoured with coumarin, provided with or without Zn, showed that the locusts’ aversion to Zn develops by a post-ingestive feedback mechanism involving associative learning. 5. These results support the notion that metal hyperaccumulation in plants can provide a defence against insect herbivores, and demonstrate that metal concentration per se can account for the deterrent effect of high-Zn foods. Aversion responses were evoked by Zn concentrations in the range 0·5‐5 mg g − 1 , an order of magnitude lower than those commonly observed in the foliage of T. caerulescens . This suggests that comparatively small elevations in Zn concentration could confer an adaptive advantage on plants by influencing the feeding behaviour of polyphagous insect herbivores, thereby contributing to evolution of the metal-hyperaccumulation trait.
NMDA receptor GluRepsilon/NR2 subunits are essential for postsynaptic localization and protein stability of GluRzeta1/NR1 subunit

Title NMDA receptor GluRepsilon/NR2 subunits are essential for postsynaptic localization and protein stability of GluRzeta1/NR1 subunit. Author(s) Abe, Manabu; Fukaya, Masahiro; Yagi, Takeshi; Mishina, Masayoshi; Watanabe, Masahiko; Sakimura, Kenji Citation The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 24(33), 7292-7304 https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1261-04.2004 Issue Date 2004-08-18 Doc URL http://hdl.handle. net/2115/51761 Type article File Information JN24-33_7292-7304.pdf
Joint Optimization of Transmission Bandwidth Allocation and Data Compression for Mobile-Edge Computing Systems

This letter investigates a multiuser mobile-edge computing (MEC) system with data compression technique to reduce the redundancy of sensed data, save the energy consumption and reduce the latency for wireless transmission. In this regard, the problem of minimizing the total energy consumption by jointly optimizing the transmission bandwidth allocation and data compression ratio is firstly considered under the constraints of latency and limited computation resource. Moreover, Lagragian and iterative-based algorithms are proposed to solve the non-convex optimization problem. Finally, simulation results are shown to verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithms and demonstrate that the application of data compression technique into MEC system can effectively reduce the energy consumption and latency.
Tree growth and soil acidification in response to 30 years of experimental nitrogen loading on boreal forest

Relations among nitrogen load, soil acidification and forest growth have been evaluated based on short‐term (<15 years) experiments, or on surveys across gradients of N deposition that may also include variations in edaphic conditions and other pollutants, which confound the interpretation of effects of N per se. We report effects on trees and soils in a uniquely long‐term (30 years) experiment with annual N loading on an un‐polluted boreal forest. Ammonium nitrate was added to replicated (N=3) 0.09 ha plots at two doses, N1 and N2, 34 and 68 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. A third treatment, N3, 108 kg N ha−1 yr−1, was terminated after 20 years, allowing assessment of recovery during 10 years. Tree growth initially responded positively to all N treatments, but the longer term response was highly rate dependent with no gain in N3, a gain of 50 m3 ha−1 stemwood in N2 and a gain of 100 m3 ha−1 stemwood in excess of the control (N0) in N1. High N treatments caused losses of up to 70% of exchangeable base cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+) in the mineral soil, along with decreases in pH and increases in exchangeable Al3+. In contrast, the organic mor‐layer (forest floor) in the N‐treated plots had similar amounts per hectare of exchangeable base cations as in the N0 treatment. Magnesium was even higher in the mor of N‐treated plots, providing evidence of up‐lift by the trees from the mineral soil. Tree growth did not correlate with the soil Ca/Al ratio (a suggested predictor of effects of soil acidity on tree growth). A boron deficiency occurred on N‐treated plots, but was corrected at an early stage. Extractable NH4+ and NO3−were high in mor and mineral soils of on‐going N treatments, while NH4+ was elevated in the mor only in N3 plots. Ten years after termination of N addition in the N3 treatment, the pH had increased significantly in the mineral soil; there were also tendencies of higher soil base status and concentrations of base cations in the foliage. Our data suggest the recovery of soil chemical properties, notably pH, may be quicker after removal of the N‐load than predicted. Our long‐term experiment demonstrated the fundamental importance of the rate of N application relative to the total amount of N applied, in particular with regard to tree growth and C sequestration. Hence, experiments adding high doses of N over short periods do not mimic the long‐term effects of N deposition at lower rates.