Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simplified features for email authorship identification

We present an investigation analysis approach for mining anonymous email content. The core idea behind our approach is concentrated on collecting various effective features from previous emails for all the possible suspects. The extracted features are then used with several machine learning algorithms to extract a unique writing style for each suspect. A sophisticated comparison between the investigated anonymous email and the suspects writing styles is employed to extract evidence of the possible email sender. Extensive experimental results on a real data sets show the improved performance of the proposed method with very limited number of features.
Modeling urban dynamics : mobility, accessibility and real estate value

For many decades, aggregate data (pertaining to zones) were used to study urban dynamics, using summary methods that rarely permitted the study of urban phenomena at the spatial process level [CLI 81]. Given the scarcity of data and lack of technology capable of processing data to model the details of the process, urban studies’ research was still able to obtain conclusive results with regard to the conceptual aspects of urban dynamics and modeling of interrelationships among a city’s basic elements, especially with regard to social and economic aspects. Partly hindered by issues of a modifiable area units problem [OPE 79] and ecological fallacy [ROB 50], this research rarely produced operational tools capable of modeling and simulating the detailed operation of the urban system. This made it difficult to plan for its development following overlapping social, economic and political change at various geographic levels (from the global village to the local neighborhood, and at the national level). Nevertheless, it is indispensible to evaluate the scope and relevance of urban planning and development undertaken by local authorities (cities, higher levels of government associations, etc.) or conducted by the private sector (households, land developers, firms, etc.) [GEE 03].
Contrast Enhancement Using the Laplacian-of-a-Gaussian Filter

Abstract A method of contrast enhancement for digital images is provided. As the method uses the LoG (Laplacian-of-a-Gaussian) filter, it is not significantly sensitive to noise. It is easy to develop this linear method when the Marr-Hildreth edge-detection technique has already been applied. LoG is roughly a bandpass filter.Therefore, only a single filter is required to enhance frequencies in one range. To enhance several frequency ranges, several standard deviation coefficients σ must be chosen for LoG convolutions. Progressive contrast ameliorations are obtained in this case. A description, an implementation, an estimate of efficiency, and a comparison with other methods are presented.
3-D Reconstruction Using Mirror Images Based on a Plane Symmetry Recovering Method

Three-dimensional reconstruction from a perspective 2D image using mirrors is addressed. The mirrors are used to form symmetrical relations between the direct image and mirror images. By finding correspondences between them, the 3D shape can be reconstructed by means of plane symmetry recovering method using the vanishing point. Two constraints are used in determining the correspondence. In the case where only one mirror is used, invisible parts both in the direct image and in the mirror image may still remain. Using multiple mirrors, however, occluded parts will decrease or disappear, and occlusion-free object reconstruction becomes possible. >
Second order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory based upon the fragment molecular orbital method.

The fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method was combined with the second order Møller-Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory. The accuracy of the method using the 6-31G(*) basis set was tested on (H(2)O)(n), n=16,32,64; alpha-helices and beta-strands of alanine n-mers, n=10,20,40; as well as on (H(2)O)(n), n=16,32,64 using the 6-31 + + G(**) basis set. Relative to the regular MP2 results that could be afforded, the FMO2-MP2 error in the correlation energy did not exceed 0.003 a.u. , the error in the correlation energy gradient did not exceed 0.000 05 a.u. /bohr and the error in the correlation contribution to dipole moment did not exceed 0.03 debye. An approximation reducing computational load based on fragment separation was introduced and tested. The FMO2-MP2 method demonstrated nearly linear scaling and drastically reduced the memory requirements of the regular MP2, making possible calculations with several thousands basis functions using small Pentium clusters. As an example, (H(2)O)(64) with the 6-31 + + G(**) basis set (1920 basis functions) can be run in 1 Gbyte RAM and it took 136 s on a 40-node Pentium4 cluster.
Suppressing Bearing Voltage in an Inverter-Fed Ungrounded Brushless DC Motor

This paper describes the bearing voltage reduction achieved by the brushless dc motor for air conditioning driven by the voltage source inverter. First, the simplified equivalent circuit of the brushless dc motor is derived based on the common-mode equivalent circuit where stray capacitance is taken into account. Then, the electrostatic capacity distributions between a winding and a stator core, a winding and a magnet, a stator core and a magnet, and magnet capacitance are measured, and the bearing voltage is calculated with the simplified equivalent circuit. It is confirmed with the experiment that the bearing voltage can be suppressed when the inside and outside of the rotor core are insulated with resin (hereafter, the insulated rotor) and that the electrostatic capacity of the rotor is made smaller. Finally, a bridge-type equivalent circuit is derived in an air conditioning fan motor where the frame is not grounded, an insulated rotor is actually designed, and the bearing voltage is measured.
Social‐media‐based public policy informatics: Sentiment and network analyses of U.S. Immigration and border security

Social media provide opportunities for policy makers to gauge pubic opinion. However, the large volumes and variety of expressions on social media have challenged traditional policy analysis and public sentiment assessment. In this article, we describe a framework for social‐media‐based public policy informatics and a system called “iMood” that addresses the needs for sentiment and network analyses of U.S. immigration and border security. iMood collects related messages on Twitter, extracts user sentiment and emotion, and constructs networks of the Twitter users, helping policy makers to identify opinion leaders, influential users, and community activists. We evaluated the sentiment, emotion, and network characteristics found in 909,035 tweets posted by over 300,000 users during three phases between May and November 2013. Statistical analyses reveal significant differences in emotion and sentiment among the 3 phases. The Twitter networks of the 3 phases also had significantly different relationship counts, network densities, and total influence scores from those of other phases. This research should contribute to developing a new framework and a new system for social‐media‐based public policy informatics, providing new empirical findings and data sets of sentiment and network analyses of U.S. immigration and border security, and demonstrating a general applicability to different domains.
European stone fruit yellows disease and its causal agent ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum'

The European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ (‘Ca. P. prunorum’), is a devastating, quarantine phytoplasma disease. This agent leads to serious damage in apricot and Japanese plum orchards, including decline of infected trees. The consequences are considerable economic losses in production. European plum and cherry are less susceptible to ESFY, although the ‘Ca. P. prunorum’ was also detected in these trees in several countries. ESFY seems to be limited to Europe and the neighboring regions (Asia Minor) as its incidence was reported from most of the southern and central European countries, Turkey, and Azerbaijan. ‘Ca. P. prunorum’ is transmitted by Cacopsylla pruni (Scopoli). The impact of ‘Ca. P. prunorum’ on stone fruit trees, as well as the methods of detection and identification and control management are reviewed.
Nanoscale metal particles as nanocarriers in targeted drug delivery system

In the recent years, noble metal particles such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) have been used progressively as efficient and safe nanoscale drug carriers in treating malignant as cites of cancerous cells. These single crystal structures of functionalised thearapeutic particles with the size less than 100 nm in diameter had proven offered an excellent function to modulate the oxidative stress and toxicity at affected membrane cells particularly to achieve the site-specific delivery of drugs. This mini-review will highlight the current advances of Au and Ag nanoscale particles as smart chemotherapeutic molecule carriers to these malignancies in impeding cancer cell activities locally. The paper also reviewed valuable insights of their efficacy in maintaining and precisely control the drugs release level within the therapeutic windows.
Indicator for bearing fault detection in asynchronous motors using stator current spectral analysis

This paper deals with the application of motor current spectral analysis for the detection of artificially damaged rolling bearings in asynchronous machine. Vibration monitoring of mechanical characteristic frequencies related to the bearings is widely used to detect faulty operations. However, vibration measurement is expensive and can not always be performed. An alternative is to base the monitoring on the available electrical quantities e.g. the machine stator current which is often already measured for control and protection purposes. The bearing faults reveal the presence of mechanical load torque oscillations. A theoretical stator current model in case of load torque oscillations demonstrates the presence of phase modulation. Related sideband components appear in the current spectrum and can be used for detection. Experimental measurements show that their amplitudes are linked to the fault frequency by a transfer function including resonance. This singularity will be used to improve the detection efficiency. Fault detectors using the energy of stator current in specific frequency ranges are then proposed. The efficiency of indicators is studied on long and short data records of experimental current for different bearing faults. The most significant of the investigated indicators is finally improved to guarantee a higher reliability of the detection.
Optimal Forecasting Incentives

An agent of unknown expertise is requested to forecast the mean of an uncertain outcome. The agent can refine forecasts at a constant marginal cost per unit precision, but neither cost nor precision can be verified by the planner. The problem is to induce both truthful revelation and an appropriate degree of learning so as to minimize the expected sum of direct planning losses and agent payments. Optimal contracts are derived with and without self-screening of expertise and with and without competition between agents. Self-screening tends to be much less valuable than competition.
Male‐specific mortality biases secondary sex ratio in Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus

Abstract Sex allocation theory predicts that parents bias the offspring sex ratio strategically. In avian species, the offspring sex ratio can be biased at multiple growth stages, although the mechanisms are not well known. It is crucial to reveal a cause and timing of biased offspring sex ratio. We investigated (i) offspring sex ratio at multiple growth stages, from laying to fledging; and (ii) the stage at which offspring sex ratio became biased; and (iii) the cause of biased offspring sex ratio in Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus. Sex determination of 218 offspring, including hatchlings and unhatched eggs from 41 clutches, suggested that the offspring sex ratio was not biased at the egg‐laying stage but was significantly female‐biased after the laying stage due to higher mortality of male embryos. Half of the unhatched eggs showed no sign of embryo development (37/74, 50.00%), and most undeveloped eggs were male (36/37, 97.30%). Additional experiments using an incubator suggested that the cause of embryo developmental failure was a lack of developmental ability within the egg, rather than a failure of incubation. This study highlights the importance of clarifying offspring sex ratio at multiple stages and suggests that offspring sex ratio is adjusted after fertilization.
Molecular and quantitative trait variation within and among small fragmented populations of the endangered plant species Psilopeganum sinense.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Natural selection and genetic drift are important evolutionary forces in determining genetic and phenotypic differentiation in plant populations. The extent to which these two distinct evolutionary forces affect locally adaptive quantitative traits has been well studied in common plant and animal species. However, we know less about how quantitative traits respond to selection pressures and drift in endangered species that have small population sizes and fragmented distributions. To address this question, this study assessed the relative strengths of selection and genetic drift in shaping population differentiation of phenotypic traits in Psilopeganum sinense, a naturally rare and recently endangered plant species. METHODS Population differentiation at five quantitative traits (QST) obtained from a common garden experiment was compared with differentiation at putatively neutral microsatellite markers (FST) in seven populations of P. sinense. QST estimates were derived using a Bayesian hierarchical variance component method. KEY RESULTS Trait-specific QST values were equal to or lower than FST. Neutral genetic diversity was not correlated with quantitative genetic variation within the populations of P. sinense. CONCLUSIONS Despite the prevalent empirical evidence for QST > FST, the results instead suggest a definitive role of stabilizing selection and drift leading to phenotypic differentiation among small populations. Three traits exhibited a significantly lower QST relative to FST, suggesting that populations of P. sinense might have experienced stabilizing selection for the same optimal phenotypes despite large geographical distances between populations and habitat fragmentation. For the other two traits, QST estimates were of the same magnitude as FST, indicating that divergence in these traits could have been achieved by genetic drift alone. The lack of correlation between molecular marker and quantitative genetic variation suggests that sophisticated considerations are required for the inference of conservation measures of P. sinense from neutral genetic markers.
Adaptive Backstepping Control of an Electrohydraulic Actuator

This paper presents an adaptive position control for a pump- controlled electrohydraulic actuator (EHA) based on an adaptive backstepping control scheme. The core feature of this paper is the combination of a modified backstepping algorithm with a special adaptation law to compensate all nonlinearities and uncertainties in EHA system. First of all, the mathematical model of the EHA is developed. The position control is then formulated using a modified backstepping technique and the uncertainties in hydraulic system are adapted by employing a special Lyapunov function. The control signal consists of an adaptive control signal to compensate the uncertainties and a simple robust structure to ensure the robustness corresponding to a bounded disturbance. Experimental results proved strongly the ability of the proposed control method.
The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality on Reducing Pain and Anxiety in Burn Injury Patients: A Systematic Review

ObjectiveTo systematically review the current evidence for the effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR), in conjunction with pharmacologic analgesia on reducing pain and anxiety in burn injury patients undergoing wound dressing changes and physiotherapy management compared with pharmacologic analgesia alone or other forms of distraction. MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted between December 2007 and January 2008, and updated in January 2009, before publication. Computerized bibliographic databases were individually searched using specifically developed search strategies to identify eligible studies. ResultsNine studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review. Wound dressing changes was the most common procedure during which VR was trialed. Pain was the primary outcome measure in all of the studies included. Anxiety was a secondary outcome measure in 3 of the 9 included studies. VR, in conjunction with pharmacologic analgesics, significantly reduced pain experienced by burn injury patients during wound dressing changes and physiotherapy. There is equivocal evidence for the effect of VR in conjunction with pharmacologic analgesics on reducing anxiety in burn injury patients during wound dressing changes and physiotherapy. DiscussionThis is the first known systematic review to report on the effectiveness of VR, in conjunction with pharmacologic analgesia on reducing pain and anxiety in burn injury patients undergoing wound dressing changes and physiotherapy management compared with pharmacologic analgesia alone or other forms of distraction. Used as an adjunct to the current burn pain management regimens, VR could possibly assist health professionals in making the rehabilitation process for burn patients less excruciating, thereby improving functional outcomes. Further research investigating the effect of VR on anxiety in burn injury patients is warranted.
Hepatoprotective Flavonoids in Opuntia ficus-indica Fruits by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Primary Rat Hepatocytes

Background: Liver disorder was associated with alcohol consumption caused by hepatic cellular damages. Opuntia ficus-indica fruit extracts (OFIEs), which contain betalain pigments and polyphenols including flavonoids, have been introduced as reducing hangover symptoms and liver protective activity. Objective: To evaluate hepatoprotective activity of OFIEs and isolated compounds by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). Materials and Methods: The extract of O. ficus-indica fruits was fractionated into methylene chloride and n-butanol. The n-butanol fraction was isolated by HSCCC separation (methylene chloride-methanol-n-butanol-water, 5:4:3:5, v/v/v/v). The hepatoprotective activity of OFIEs and isolated compounds was evaluated on rat primary hepatocytes against ethanol-induced toxicity. Antioxidative parameters such as glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes and the GSH content were measured. Results: Two flavonoids, quercetin 3-O-methyl ester (1) and (+)-taxifolin, and two flavonoid glycosides, isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-glucoside (3) and narcissin (4), were isolated from the n-butanol fraction by HSCCC separation. Among them, compound 2 significantly protected rat primary hepatocytes against ethanol exposure by preserving antioxidative properties of GR and GSH-Px. Conclusions: OFIEs and (+)-taxifolin were suggested to reduce hepatic damage by alcoholic oxidative stress.
Rutting resistance of waterproofing – asphalt pavement systems on bridges

Na voznim povrsinama mostova pri primjeni klasicnih sustava hidroizolacije s tankim asfaltnim slojevima ucestalo se pojavljaju plasticne deformacije, posebice one oblika kolotraga. U okviru istraživanja provedena je analiza postojecih sustava u eksploataciji, laboratorijska ispitivanja i terenska mjerenja relevantnih svojstava pojedinih elemenata sustava, kao i sustava u cjelini, koji utjecu na otpornost pojave kolotraga. Dobiveni rezultati su provjereni i potvrđeni na primjenjenom sustavu hidroizolacija – asfaltni kolnik pri izgradnji vijadukta Odra na autocesti A11.
A pure jump Markov process associated with Smoluchowski's coagulation equation

The aim of the present paper is to construct a stochastic process, whose law is the solution of the Smoluchowski's coagulation equation. We introduce first a modified equation, dealing with the evolution of the distribu-tion Q t (dx) of the mass in the system. The advantage we take on this is that we can perform an unified study for both continuous and discrete models. The integro-partial-differential equation satisfied by {Q t } t ≥0 can be interpreted as the evolution equation of the time marginals of a Markov pure jump process. At this end we introduce a nonlinear Poisson driven stochastic differential equation related to the Smoluchowski equation in the following way: if X t satisfies this stochastic equation, then the law of X t satisfies the modified Smoluchowski equation. The nonlinear process is richer than the Smoluchowski equation, since it provides historical information on the particles. Existence, uniqueness and pathwise behavior for the solution of this SDE are studied. Finally, we prove that the nonlinear process X can be obtained as the limit of a Marcus–Lushnikov procedure. 1. Introduction. The coagulation model governs various phenomena as for example: polymerization, aggregation of colloidal particles, formation of stars and planets, behavior of fuel mixtures in engines, etc. Smoluchowski's coagulation equation models the dynamic of such phenomena and describes the evolution of a system of clusters which coalesce in order to form bigger clusters. Each cluster is identified by its size. The only mechanism taken into account is the coalescence of two clusters, other effects as multiple coagulation are neglected. We assume also that the rate of these reactions depends on the sizes of clusters involved in the coagulation. Denoting by n(k, t) the (nonnegative) concentration of clusters of size k at time t, the discrete