Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simple labeling schemes for graph connectivity

Let G = (V,E) be an undirected graph and let S ⊆ V . The S-connectivity SG(u, v) of a pair of nodes u, v in G is the maximum number of uv-paths that no two of them have an edge or a node in S ∖ {u, v} in common. Edge-connectivity is the case S = ∅ and node-connectivity is the case S = V . Given a graph G = (V,E), an integer k, a subset T ⊆ V of terminals, and S ⊆ V , we consider the problem of assigning small “labels” (binary strings) to the terminals, so that given the labels of two terminals u, v ∈ T , one can decide whether SG(u, v) ≥ k (k-partial labeling scheme) or to return min{ SG(u, v), k} (k-full labeling scheme). For edge-connectivity, there are known labeling schemes with max-label size O(log ∣T ∣) in the k-partial case and O(log ∣T ∣ ⋅ min{k, log ∣T ∣}) in the k-full case [3]. We observe that this result extends to S-connectivity when S ⊆ V ∖T – so called “element-connectivity”, and combine it with the recently discovered decomposition of Chuzhoy and Khanna [1] of node-connectivity problems into element-connectivity problems to obtain simple labeling schemes for node-connectivity. If q distinct queries are expected, our labeling schemes have max-label size O(k log ∣T ∣ log q) in the k-partial case and O(k log ∣T ∣ log q⋅min{k, log ∣T ∣}) in the k-full case, with success probability 1− 1 q for all queries. For a constant number of queries, this matches the lower bound (k log n) for the k-partial case of [3]. Consequently, we obtain deterministic labeling schemes with max-label size O(k log ∣T ∣) in the k-partial case and O(k log ∣T ∣ ⋅ min{k, log ∣T ∣}) in the k-full case. This improves the bounds of Korman [4] O(k log n) and O(k log n), respectively, for k = (log ∣T ∣).
Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle

The extensor hallucis longus muscle is one of four muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower limb. The three other muscles in the anterior compartment are the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius muscles. The anterior compartment receives innervation from the deep fibular nerve, supplied by the anterior tibial artery, and is important in dorsiflexion of the ankle and extension of the toes. The extensor hallucis longus specifically extends the hallux, dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle and inverts the foot. The extensor hallucis longus muscle is susceptible to several pathologies including nerve injury resulting in foot drop, tendonitis, tendon rupture, and anterior compartment syndrome.
A Soft-Switched Power Module With Integrated Battery Interface for Photovoltaic-Battery Power Architecture

In conventional photovoltaic (PV)-battery systems, a centralized battery storage system (BSS) is typically connected through a separate bidirectional converter at the common dc link to support the PV system. It is known that a bidirectional converter typically requires more switches than a unidirectional converter, and hence, a complete PV-battery power interface will result in a high-cost system and will suffer high power losses. This paper proposed an integrated battery storage interface with soft-switching capability for module-integrated PV systems. In the proposed system, a multi-input converter (MIC) structure that consists of an integrated soft-switched quasi-resonant (QR) Cuk- and flyback-based circuit is presented. In this approach, the battery charging circuit is integrated with the input side of the PV power optimizer while the battery discharging circuit of the proposed system shares the output filter of the PV power optimizer, resulting in a compact and efficient system. The proposed converter is capable of tracking the maximum power point (MPP) and following the charging profile (constant voltage and constant current) of the battery. Moreover, all the switches in the proposed converter are able to achieve soft-switched turn on and turn off for different operating conditions. The operating principles and the theoretical analysis of the proposed system are presented. Experimental results on a 175-W proof-of-concept prototype are presented to demonstrate the features of the proposed converter.
Data-Oriented Mobile Crowdsensing: A Comprehensive Survey

Mobile devices equipped with rich sensors, such as smartphones, watches, or vehicles, have been pervasively used all around the world. Their high penetration and powerful sensing ability enable them to carry out heavy sensing projects by splitting tasks into small pieces. Since ordinary participants can simply employ their mobile devices to sense and upload the required data, the mobile crowdsensing (MCS) technology is gaining great popularity. However, there are still some challenges in building a complete and sustainable MCS system. Researchers these years have proposed plenty of strategies to solve these challenges in order to improve the MCS technology. In this survey, we aim to provide a comprehensive literature review on recent advances in MCS. Oriented to the data flowing in MCS projects, we survey researches from five popular aspects in three stages: 1) incentive mechanism; 2) security protection; and 3) privacy preserving, together with resource optimization in the data collection stage; the data analysis stage; and the data application stage. To provide the convenience to interested researchers, some available testbeds, simulators, and commercial service platforms are also summarized in this survey. As the MCS technology still needs further development, we discuss some lessons learned from introduced researches as well as future research directions at last.
Reed-Solomon Based Quasi-Cyclic LDPC Codes: Designs, Girth, Cycle Structure, and Reduction of Short Cycles

Designs and constructions of quasi-cyclic (QC) LDPC codes for the AWGN channel are presented. The codes are constructed based on the conventional parity-check matrices of Reed–Solomon (RS) codes and are referred to as RS-QC-LDPC codes. Several classes of RS-QC-LDPC codes are given. Cycle structural properties of the Tanner graphs of codes in these classes are analyzed and specific methods for constructing codes with girth at least eight and reducing their short cycles are presented. The designed codes perform well in both waterfall and low error-rate regions.
Measurements of Multistatic X&L Band Radar Signatures of UAVS

This paper illustrates the results of a series of measurements of multistatic radar signatures of small UAVs at L and X band. The system employed was the multistatic multiband radar system, NeXtRAD, consisting of one monostatic transmitter-receiver and two bistatic receivers. Results demonstrate the capability of the system of recording bistatic data with baselines and two-way bistatic range of the order of few kilometres.
Optimal flexible capacity in newsboy problem under stochastic demand and lead-time

In this paper, we consider a newsvendor who is going to invest on dedicated or flexible capacity, our goal is to find the optimal investment policy to maximize total profit while the newsvendor faces uncertainty in lead time and demand simultaneously. As highlighted in literature, demand is stochastic, while lead time is constant. However, in reality lead time uncertainty decreases newsvendor's performance and increases purchasing cost. Analytical results suggest an approach for decision makers to decide which situation is optimal to invest in flexible capacity. Furthermore, we derive a closed-form solution for optimal production and capacity under dedicated and flexible policy when demand and lead time follow uniform and normal distribution. An approximation method introduced in this paper to find the optimal production quantity and investment policy results show that this approximation is useful when the coefficient of variation is low under uniform distribution, and it is useful when the coefficient of variation is high under normal distribution. Finally, we show a threshold, considering the fact that it is optimal for the newsvendor to invest on flexible capacity when flexible capacity cost is less than the threshold. To sum up, we measure the effect of lead time variability on optimal solution.
Inclusion Classification by Computer Vision and Machine Learning

Digital technologies are transforming industry at all levels. Steel has the opportunity to lead all heavy industries as an early adopter of specific digital technologies to improve our sustainability and competitiveness. This column is part of AIST’s strategy to become the epicenter for steel’s digital transformation, by providing a variety of platforms to showcase and disseminate Industry 4.0 knowledge specific for steel manufacturing, from big-picture concepts to specific processes. Inclusion Classification by Computer Vision and Machine Learning
An Open-Label Pilot Study of Combined Augmentation With Creatine Monohydrate and 5-Hydroxytryptophan for Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor- or Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor-Resistant Depression in Adult Women.

PURPOSE Many women with major depressive disorder (MDD) respond inadequately to standard treatments. Augmentation of conventional antidepressants with creatine monohydrate and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) could correct deficits in serotonin production and brain bioenergetics associated with depression in women, yielding synergistic benefit. We describe an open-label study of 5-HTP and creatine augmentation in women with MDD who had failed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) monotherapy. METHODS Fifteen women who were adequately adherent to an SSRI or SNRI and currently experiencing MDD, with a 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score of 16 or higher, were treated with 5 g of creatine monohydrate daily and 100 mg of 5-HTP twice daily for 8 weeks, with 4 weeks of posttreatment follow-up. The primary outcome was change in mean HAM-D scores. RESULTS Mean HAM-D scores declined from 18.9 (SD, 2.5) at pretreatment visits to 7.5 (SD, 4.4) (P < 0.00001), a decrease of 60%. Participants did not experience any serious treatment-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Combination treatment with creatine and 5-HTP may represent an effective augmentation strategy for women with SSRI- or SNRI-resistant depression. Given the limitations of this small, open-label trial, future study in randomized, placebo-controlled trials is warranted.
Uncertainty learning for noise robust ASR. (Traitement de l'incertitude pour la reconnaissance de la parole robuste au bruit)

Cette these se focalise sur la reconnaissance automatique de la parole (RAP) robuste au bruit. Elle comporte deux parties. Premierement, nous nous focalisons sur une meilleure prise en compte des incertitudes pour ameliorer la performance de RAP en environnement bruite. Deuxiemement, nous presentons une methode pour accelerer l'apprentissage d'un reseau de neurones en utilisant une fonction auxiliaire. Dans la premiere partie, une technique de rehaussement multicanal est appliquee a la parole bruitee en entree. La distribution a posteriori de la parole propre sous-jacente est alors estimee et representee par sa moyenne et sa matrice de covariance, ou incertitude. Nous montrons comment propager la matrice de covariance diagonale de l'incertitude dans le domaine spectral a travers le calcul des descripteurs pour obtenir la matrice de covariance pleine de l'incertitude sur les descripteurs. Le decodage incertain exploite cette distribution a posteriori pour modifier dynamiquement les parametres du modele acoustique au decodage. La regle de decodage consiste simplement a ajouter la matrice de covariance de l'incertitude a la variance de chaque gaussienne. Nous proposons ensuite deux estimateurs d'incertitude bases respectivement sur la fusion et sur l'estimation non-parametrique. Pour construire un nouvel estimateur, nous considerons la combinaison lineaire d'estimateurs existants ou de fonctions noyaux. Les poids de combinaison sont estimes de facon generative en minimisant une mesure de divergence par rapport a l'incertitude oracle. Les mesures de divergence utilisees sont des versions ponderees des divergences de Kullback-Leibler (KL), d'Itakura-Saito (IS) ou euclidienne (EU). En raison de la positivite inherente de l'incertitude, ce probleme d'estimation peut etre vu comme une instance de factorisation matricielle positive (NMF) ponderee. De plus, nous proposons deux estimateurs d'incertitude discriminants bases sur une transformation lineaire ou non lineaire de l'incertitude estimee de facon generative. Cette transformation est entrainee de sorte a maximiser le critere de maximum d'information mutuelle booste (bMMI). Nous calculons la derivee de ce critere en utilisant la regle de derivation en chaine et nous l'optimisons par descente de gradient stochastique. Dans la seconde partie, nous introduisons une nouvelle methode d'apprentissage pour les reseaux de neurones basee sur une fonction auxiliaire sans aucun reglage de parametre. Au lieu de maximiser la fonction objectif, cette technique consiste a maximiser une fonction auxiliaire qui est introduite de facon recursive couche par couche et dont le minimum a une expression analytique. Grâce aux proprietes de cette fonction, la decroissance monotone de la fonction objectif est garantie
Breast Milk Transforming Growth Factor β Is Associated With Neonatal Gut Microbial Composition.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Breast milk is a complex bioactive fluid that varies across numerous maternal and environmental conditions. Although breast-feeding is known to affect neonatal gut microbiome, the milk components responsible for this effect are not well-characterized. Given the wide range of immunological activity breast milk cytokines engage in, we investigated 3 essential breast milk cytokines and their association with early life gut microbiota. METHODS A total of 52 maternal-child pairs were drawn from a racially diverse birth cohort based in Detroit, Michigan. Breast milk and neonatal stool specimens were collected at 1-month postpartum. Breast milk transforming growth factor (TGF)β1, TGFβ2, and IL-10 were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, whereas neonatal gut microbiome was profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Individually, immunomodulators TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 were significantly associated with neonatal gut microbial composition (R = 0.024, P = 0.041; R = 0.026, P = 0.012, respectively) and increased richness, evenness, and diversity, but IL-10 was not. The effects of TGFβ1 and TGFβ2, however, were not independent of one another, and the effect of TGFβ2 was stronger than that of TGFβ1. Higher levels of TGFβ2 were associated with the increased relative abundance of several bacteria, including members of Streptococcaceae and Ruminococcaceae, and lower relative abundance of distinct Staphylococcaceae taxa. CONCLUSIONS Breast milk TGFβ concentration explains a portion of variability in gut bacterial microbiota composition among breast-fed neonates. Whether TGFβ acts in isolation or jointly with other bioactive components to alter bacterial composition requires further investigation. These findings contribute to an increased understanding of how breast-feeding affects the gut microbiome-and potentially immune development-in early life.
Perencanaan Terrestrial Trunked Radio (tetra) Digital Pada Kereta Bandara Soekarno Hatta – Halim Perdana Kusuma

Sistem komunikasi Kereta Api saat ini menggunakan satu kanal analog frekuensi 167-171 MHz, kondisi trafik wilayah Jakarta membutuhkan lebih dari satu kanal. Kebutuhan ini dapat disolusikan oleh Terresterial Trunked Radio (TETRA) yang memiliki empat kanal dengan frekuensi kerja 410-430 MHz, satu transmitter TETRA menyediakan empat buah kanal dengan satu kanal dipakai untuk kontrol. Perencanaan TETRA dilakukan pada Stasiun Soeta-Halim dengan jarak 43,9 km. Perencanaan ini menggunakan metode planning coverage, dengan mencari nilai parameter link power budget untuk menentukan MAPL dan didapat nilai radius untuk menentukan jumlah site. Metode planning capacity, menentukan demand TETRA dan jumlah kanal dengan bantuan tabel erlang B. Dari metode tersebut dilakukan pengujian dengan simulasi dan validasi perhitungan. Hasil perencanaan membutuhkan 2 buah site, hasil simulasi level sinyal rata-rata adalah -54,45 dBm, dengan validasi perhitungan RSL sebesar -103 dBm dimana nilai level sinyal pada simulasi lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perhitungan. Hasil simulasi C/I sebesar ≥18 dB dimana mendekati hasil perhitungan 75,71%. Mean number of server pada overlapping zone sebesar 1,12, BER sebesar 3x10-5 dan pada backhaul link yang direncanakan memenuhi batas clearance dan tidak mengalami pelemahan sinyal terima. Kata kunci : TETRA, ETSI, planning based on capacity, planning based on coverage, backhaul.
Detecting Node Failures In Mobile Wireless Networks: A Probabilistic approach

The intermingling of data traffic towards the failure in a remote sensor mastermind makes the near to centers exhaust their batteries speedier than various center points, which leaves the failure stranded and irritates the sensor data uncovering. To ease this issue the utilization of flexible failures is proposed. Flexible failures unquestionably give stack modifying and help achieving uniform imperativeness use over the framework. In any case, the instruments to help the failure transportability (e.g., publicizing the territory of the flexible failure to the framework) present an overhead to the extent essentialness use and bundle delays. With these properties flexible failure coordinating involves a captivating examination ﬁeld with unique necessities. In this paper, we present an investigation of the current spread adaptable failure controlling traditions. To give an information to the defense and the stresses of a compact failure coordinating tradition, plan requirements and troubles related with the issue of flexible failure controlling are settled and illuminated. With the expansion in the quantity of failure and their arrangement in the system of failure plays a noteworthy guideline in productive information collection.
Development of Monitoring Techniques for Endangered Spring Endemic Invertebrates: An Assessment of Abundance

ABSTRACT: We monitored Roswell springsnail (Pyrgulopsis roswellensis), Koster's springsnail (Juturnia kosteri), and Noel's amphipod (Gammarus desperatus), three endangered aquatic invertebrates, from 2014 through 2017 at Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Chaves County, New Mexico. We initiated the effort to develop baseline abundance estimates in a rigorous, repeatable framework, and to inform long-term monitoring efforts. Surveys were focused on three spring systems. Density estimates for the two species of springsnails combined ranged from 7870 ± 1693 SE snails per m2 (CV = 22%) to 39,704 ± 10,035 SE snails per m2 (CV = 25%) in the three systems combined. Noel's amphipod density estimates ranged from 144 ± 42 SE individuals per m2 (CV = 29%) to 404 ± 109 SE individuals per m2 (CV = 27%). We can detect a proportional change (α = 0.1, power = 0.8) in density ranging from 30% to 60% in Bitter Creek, Sago Springs, and the Snail Unit. We predicted increases in statistical power that could be gained from increases in survey effort. Because of seasonal changes in density in some systems, year-to-year evaluation of trends must be focused on a given season. Likewise, seasonal changes in spring flows may impact density estimates. We provide estimates of density, precision, and power that can inform future efforts to monitor both species status and restoration efforts.
Key-Frame-Based Background Sprite Generation for Hole Filling in Depth Image-Based Rendering

In this paper, we propose a new depth image-based rending scheme for 3DTV applications, where a background sprite model is utilized for dis-occlusion/hole filling purpose. Dissimilar to traditional spatial (e.g., interpolation or inpainting) and temporal methods, our algorithm is capable of recovering the holes with true background information by incrementally integrating the spatial and temporal information of the video in a unified background sprite model. The technique of background sprite model construction in this paper is featured of resolving camera motions existing in most of the consumer videos, accurate registration of multiframe information, and efficient memory use and computation in realistic 3DTV application. To register/stitch each input frame to the background sprite model accurately, foreground removal considering color and depth information, and an adaptive key-frame-based scheme are developed for transform computation. Experimental results show that our proposed scheme has a large temporal reference distance and can retrieve true background information accurately, thus leading to better quality after novel view synthesis compared to existing spatial or spatio-temporal algorithms, especially for videos with significant camera motions or complex backgrounds.
An Overview of Attitudes and Opinions On the Role of Government. A Cross-national Comparison Covering the Period of 1985 to 2016

This contribution presents descriptive findings on individual attitudes and public opinion based on the International Social Survey Program Role of Government module. It covers the period from 1985 to 2016 and is guided by the idea that attitudes and opinions are aligned with the international divisions in different welfare regimes. The analysis includes all countries that fielded this ISSP survey continuously from 1985 (Australia, Germany, United Kingdom, and the United States) or 1990 (Hungary, Israel, and Norway). Our results show that attitudes and opinions remain rather stable over time and parallel the different welfare regimes. There is no clear evidence of a growing support for liberalization and deregulation across all countries despite the increasing market orientation in many countries.
Successful cleavage of cloned goat embryos using ear fibroblast cell and fetal fibroblast cell as donor karyoplast in interspecies SCNT

The efficiencies in producing cloned ruminant embryos and subsequent production of offspring are still low. The study was conducted to produce cloned goat and cattle embryos using inter- and intraspecies SCNT techniques. This study involved 3 different types of donor karyoplast using goat and cattle oocyte as a recipient cytoplast to produce cloned goat and cattle embryos. The results showed that fetal fibroblast cell (FFC) in interspecies SCNT gave significantly higher 2-cell (64.40 vs. 38.43%), 4-cell (54.24 vs. 24.60%), 8-cell (36.82 vs. 14.54%) and morula (22.10 vs. 7.90%) cloned goat embryos than ear fibroblast cell (EFC). As for intraspecies SCNT using cumulus cell (CC) as a donor karyoplast to produce cloned cattle and goat embryos, the values for cleavage rates were not significantly different which were; 53.57 vs. 57.17%, 33.17 vs. 46.40%, 22.15 vs. 27.30% and 11.90 vs. 15.59%, respectively for all embryo stages. Our results showed that cloned goat and cattle embryos could be produced using different types of donor karyoplast in intra- and interspecies SCNT. However, for goat-cattle interspecies SCNT, FFC was more efficient to produce cloned goat embryos compared to EFC.