Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unhealthy, Unwealthy and Left Behind – Workforce Participation and Inequality Among Older Australians

BackgroundAustralians born in 2012 can expect to live about 33 years longer than those born 100 years earlier. However, only seven of these additional years are spent in the workforce. Longer life expectancy has driven policies to extend working life and increase retirement age, the current Australian policy, which has increased the eligibility for the pension from 65 to 67 by 2023, assumes that an improvement in longevity corresponds with an improvement in health expectancy. However, there is mixed evidence of health trends in Australia over the past two decades. Although some health outcomes are improving among older age groups, many are either stable or deteriorating. This raises the question of how health trends intersect with policy for older Australians aged from 50-70. This paper considers the interplay between older workers’ health and workforce participation rates over the past 15 years when extended workforce participation has been actively encouraged. MethodsWe compared health and economic outcomes of the older people in following years with the base year (start of the study period), adjusting for some key socio-economic characteristics such as age, sex, ethnicity, education and equivalized household income by applying the Random effects estimator with maximum likelihood estimation technique.Results We find that regardless of increasing longevity, the health of older adults aged between 50-70 has slightly deteriorated. In addition, health gaps between those who were working into their older age and those who were not have widened over the 15-year period. Finally, we find that widening health gaps linked to workforce participation are also accompanied by rising economic inequality in incomes, financial assets and superannuation. With the exception of a small group of healthy and very wealthy retirees, the majority of the older Australians who were not working had low incomes, assets, superannuation, and poor health.ConclusionsThe widening economic and health gap within older population over time indicates a clear and urgent need to add policy actions on income and health, to those that seek to increase workforce participation among older adults.
Determination of the Effect of Cyfluthrin Pesticide on Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) by Some Antioxidant Enzyme Activities

Yapilan bu calismada, Dreissena polymorpha’da ticari insektisit olan Cyfluthrin (CFT)’nin bazi biyokimyasal yanitlari arastirilmistir. CFT’nin D. polymorpha uzerindeki 96 saatlik LC50 degeri 553,22 ± 27,3 µg/L olarak hesaplanmistir. D. polymorpha, CFT’nin subletal konsantrasyonlar (LC50 degerinin 1/20, 1/10 ve 1/5)’ina 24 ve 96 saat sure ile maruz birakilmistir. D. polymorpha bireylerinde superoksit dismustaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT) ve Glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx) enzim aktiviteleri belirlenmistir. CFT’ye maruz birakilan D. polymorpha’da, SOD aktivitesi kontrole kiyasla artmistir. CAT ve GPx aktivitelerinin kontrole kiyasla inhibe oldugu belirlenmistir. Sonuc olarak, CFT'ye maruz kalan D. polymorpha bireylerinde oksidatif hasarda artisa oldugu bulunmustur.
Calibration Technique for THz Time-Domain Spectrometers Enabling Vectorial Scattering Parameter Measurements

To date, the most proficient instrument type for rapid measurements of broadband terahertz (THz) spectra is the time-domain spectrometer, which acquires the RF signal either transmitted through or reflected by a sample without following a standardized method for calibration. Simultaneously, application-oriented research drives a strong need for fast and precise instrumentation capable of capturing well-established characteristics, such as scattering parameters. In this letter, a robust THz instrument capable of synchronously measuring transmission and reflection from 150 GHz to 3 THz is implemented and evaluated. The main sources of error in the system are characterized, and an adapted network analysis calibration scheme for magnitude- and phase-correct wideband scattering parameter measurements is proposed. Finally, the method is validated in a comparison of simulation and measurement of a known sample.
Two-Part Models for Father–Child Relationship Variables: Presence in the Child’s Life and Quality of the Relationship Conditional on Some Presence

Parent–child relationship variables are often measured using a two-part approach. For example, when assessing the warmth of the father–child relationship, a child is first asked if they have contact with their father; if so, the level of warmth they feel toward him is ascertained. In this setting, data on the warmth measure is missing for children without contact with their father, and such missing data can pose a significant methodological and substantive challenge when the variable is used as an outcome or antecedent variable in a model. In both cases, it is advantageous to use an analytic method that simultaneously models whether the child has contact with the father, and if they do, the degree to which the father–child relationship is characterized by warmth. This is particularly relevant when the two-part variable is measured over time, as contact status may change. We offer a pragmatic tutorial for using two-part variables in regression models, including a brief overview of growth modeling, an explanation of the techniques to handle two-part variables as predictors and outcomes in the context of growth modeling, examples with real data, and syntax in both R and Mplus for fitting all discussed models.
Effect of Butachlor on Biochemical Process in Soil

Butachlor is a very commonly used pre-emergence herbicide. In the present study, the effect of butachlor at three different application rates (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 kg a.i. / ha) on the activities of some soil enzymes, microbial population and transformation and availability of C, N and P in an alluvial soil has been analyzed. The result showed that in general, the application of butachlor has significantly increased activities of most of the enzymes as well as the microbial biomass with greater retention, mineralization and availability of oxidizable C, N and P in soil. The stimulation in activities of enzymes dehydrogenase and phenol oxidase was found to be more pronounced when the herbicide was applied at half recommended field dose (hRFD). On the other hand, phosphatase, arylsulphatase and phenol oxidase were pronounced at double recommended field dose (dRFD). As compared to untreated control soil, the application of butachlor induced higher proliferation of total bacteria at recommended field dose (RFD), fungi at hRFD and actinomycetes at dRFD. Regarding the availability of plant nutrients, we also found that the greater retention of total N, exchangeable NH 4+ , and soluble NO 3- was achieved by applying butachlor at RFD and that of organic C and available P by applying butachlor at dRFD. The correlation analysis showed significant positive correlation between hydrolase enzymes, phosphatase and arylsulphatase (r = 0.74), oxidoreductase enzymes, phenol oxidase and peroxidase (r = 0.706). The fungal population is related to total bacteria (r =0.73), actinomycetes (r = 0.50) and available P (r = 0.65) in soil. The results of the present investigation thus indicate that the application of butachlor significantly induces the growth and activities of microorganisms, resulting in greater retention, mineralization and availability of oxidizable C, N and P in soil but that the stimulation is depend on neither concentration of herbicide nor time of incubation.
Rewilding With Large Herbivores Helped Increase Plant Species Richness in Dry Grasslands.

Rewilding is a form of environmental conservation and ecological restoration that has the potential to enhance biodiversity and create self-sustainable natural environments. The key approach is reintroducing lost keystone animal species, e.g. large herbivores and predators. One of the few places in all Central Europe where such efforts can be seen in practice is located in Milovice, Czech Republic, where European bison, Exmoor pony, and Tauros cattle have been introduced in 2015-2016 to a former military training area, now NATURA 2000 site and National nature monument Milovice-Mlada. The prevailing vegetation type is a forest-steppe with Bromus erectus dominated dry grasslands mixed with deciduous shrubs and trees. After the cessation of military use, the area was mostly left unmanaged during 1989-2010 which led to successional changes and increased dominance of tall grasses, and bush encroachment. We monitored grassland vegetation in 2017–2019 in 30 randomly distributed plots (2×2 m) inside the grazed area and in ungrazed control plots. Natural grazing increased species richness and the cover of forbs, while the proportion of grasses and legumes remained little affected. Grazing promoted small-statured species while ungrazed plots harboured taller ones. Large herbivores thus made the grassland shorter and richer both in overall species and flowering forbs. We can conclude that the introduction of large herbivores has had a beneficial effect on species richness and helped in restoring forest-steppe vegetation of better quality and conservational value.
An approach to characterizing spatial aspects of image system blur

Quantitative X‐ray radiographic imaging systems that utilize a charged couple device (CCD) camera connected to a thick, monolithic scintillator can exhibit blur that varies spatially across the field of view, especially for thick scintillators used in pulse‐power radiography of dynamically compressed objects. A three‐point approach to estimating and accounting for this effect is demonstrated by (a) using a local estimation technique to measure the effect of blurring a calibration object at key locations across the field of view, (b) combining each of the local estimates into a spatially varying blurring function via partitions of unity interpolation, and (c) resolving the effects of that blur on the image by solving an ill‐posed inverse problem using a spatially varying regularization term. The technique is demonstrated on synthetic examples and actual radiographs collected at the Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL) Mercury pulsed power facility.
Biochemical Characterization of Three Vegetable Based Fermented Food Products (Hungrii, Rhujuk and Tsutuocie) of Nagaland, India

Indigenous fermented foods are important constituent of staple diet of the Naga tribes of India. In Nagaland, there are variety of fermented foods and beverages with traditional and cultural value. Agriculture being the main occupation, preservation technique of perishable crops has been passed down from generation to generation. Here we present the biochemical characterization of some vegetable based fermented food products of Nagaland i.e., Hungrii (Brassica leaves), Rhujuk/Bastanga (Bamboo shoot) and Tsutuocie (Cucumber). The comparative account of nutritive values like moisture content, pH, protein content, reducing sugars, crude fibre, total phenol content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of fermented foods and its constituent raw materials was done. Results indicated high amounts of protein in Hungrii (34.07 g/100g). Most of the fermented foods had low moisture content rendering it to have longer shelf life. Rhujuk/Bastanga was found to have significantly higher levels of phenolic content (1.44 mg GAE/g and 2.44 mg GAE/g), thus having high antioxidant activity in comparison to the other fermented products. This present study thus puts some light on the proximate composition as well as the antioxidant content of some major vegetable based fermented food products of Nagaland so as to popularize these products as nutritional support to the region for health improvement.
Determination of Macro, Micro and Toxic Elements using Argon-Based Plasma Spectroanalytical Methods in order to support Brazilian Regulations on Inorganic Constituents in Infant Foods

Cite: Tozo, M. L. L. ; Pinheiro, F. C. ; Nóbrega, J. A. Determination of Macro, Micro and Toxic Elements using Argon-Based Plasma Spectroanalytical Methods in order to support Brazilian Regulations on Inorganic Constituents in Infant Foods. Braz. J. Anal. Chem., 2021, 8 (31), pp 74–88. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.AR-50-2020 Determination of Macro, Micro and Toxic Elements using Argon-Based Plasma Spectroanalytical Methods in order to support Brazilian Regulations on Inorganic Constituents in Infant Foods
Genetic control of root architectural traits in KDML105 chromosome segment substitution lines under well-watered and drought stress conditions

ABSTRACT Drought is a major constraint in rainfed rice production and root architectural traits are important breeding targets for improving productivity under drought stress. A set of chromosome segment substitution lines (KDML105-CSSLs) and KDML105 were grown in the wet season at two sites (Rice Gene Discovery (RGD) and Ubon Ratchatani Rice Research Center (URRC)) in Thailand under well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS) treatments. RGD is characterized by having a heavy clay soil type while URRC’s soil has a high percentage of sand and characterized by infertility. Root architecture traits varied within the population at both sites and exhibited plasticity in response to drought as affected by location by water regime interaction. Lateral root density increased by 77% with drought at RGD but decreased by 18% at URRC. The proportion of nodal roots that elongated more vertically increased under drought stress by 21%, at RGD. Root number per tiller was negatively associated with tiller number and biomass at RGD under drought, while lateral root density was negatively associated with biomass under drought at URRC. Eight QTL were identified for the number of nodal roots per tiller, lateral root density, and nodal root growth angle. Several candidate genes were identified by annotating the genes within the QTL regions. Our study presented genetic insights into root architectural traits with potential use in rice breeding programs for drought tolerance. Graphical abstract
A Review on Internet of Things (IoT): Security Challenges, Issuesand the Countermeasures approaches

In the present scenario, Internet of Things is playing vital role in the next era of communication. The IOT applications like smart cities, smart houses, smart livestock, smart health care, smart climate etc.It can be lead to many security challenges and issues. The aim of this survey focus on the main objective of the security challenges and issues in the data privacy, security, confidentiality, integrity, availability, access control, encryption, default password, malware and ransom, botnet, phishing, cloud, routing and trust management and discussed recovery from mention security defies. This study has detailed review of IoT layered design, each of these layers having lot of security challenges such as threats, vulnerabilities and attacks. Understanding these challenges and associated countermeasures mechanism with the help of the secure routing.
Cationic surfactant-aided surface modification of the activated carbon-based materials for the enhancement of phenol adsorption-capacity determined by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy

Abstract The present investigation reports the phenol adsorption contemporaneity of a cationic surfactant CTAB (N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium bromide)-modified activated coal to identify a befitting absorbent material. The process parameters are optimized and enunciated based on adsolubilization by the modified activated coal. The phenol concentration, surfactant concentration, pH, and temperature were varied from 10 to 50 mg dm−3, 0.1 − 1.6 mM, 3 − 7, and 298 − 318 K, respectively. The cation-electron co-relativity between the CTAB and phenol, along with the hydrophobic synergy, is significant to the phenol adsolubilization. The degree of adsorption on the surfactant modified (by 0.8 mM solution) activated coal for phenol is augmented from 22.86 to 34.98 mg g−1 (53.02%) at the pH value 3.0, and 50 mg dm−3 phenol solution at 298 K. The spontaneous adsorption process was endothermic, and with the increase of temperature from 298 K to 318 K, the adsorption capacity was increased from 34.98 mg g−1 to 38.98 mg g−1. With the increase of pH, the adsorption capacity was decreased from 34.88 to 17.72 mg g−1. In comparison, it was increased from 8.06 to 34.88 mg g−1 with the increment of phenol concentration from 10 to 50 mg dm−3. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich and Dubinine-Radushkevich, isotherm models. Graphical Abstract Highlights Commercial coal particles were used to synthesize the activated carbons. The surfactant, CTAB was used to modify the surface of the activated coal. Phenol adsorption kinetics and isotherm were investigated for the surface-modified carbons. The adsorption capacity was enhanced from 22.86 to 34.98 mg g−1 (53.02%) by surface-modification. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption process were estimated.
A hybrid attack detection strategy for cybersecurity using moth elephant herding optimisation-based stacked autoencoder

Abdullah Shawan Alotaibi, Department of Computer Science, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Email: a.shawan@su.edu. sa Abstract Cybersecurity is a major concern in the network resources of the Internet of Things (IoT) environment, as the attacks on the IoT devices degrade the performance of the computational operations. Various attack detection methods are adopted in the research area to prevent an illegal user from accessing the resources. To resolve the vulnerabilities in the computing devices, an effective attack detection method, named, Moth Elephant Herding Optimisation (MEHO)‐based stacked autoencoder approach is proposed in this research. Initially, the input data is passed into the pre‐processing stage, where the data is cleaned by removing the noise and artefacts . The pre‐processed data is further subjected to the feature selection stage, where the Class‐Wise Information Gain technique (CIG) is used to select the essential features. The class‐aware features, like traffic‐based features, content‐based features and basic features are selected efficiently. Finally, the attack detection is performed using the stacked autoencoder classifier, which is trained using the proposed MEHO algorithm. The MEHO algorithm is developed by integrating the Moth search (MS) algorithm and the Elephant Herding Optimisation (EHO). The performance is evaluated using the metrics, like accuracy, False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and detection rate, acquired with the values of 0.9286, 0.0636 and 0.9258 respectively.
Multiobjective Demand Response for Internet Data Centers

Optimizing the workload distribution and dictating the number of active servers at Internet data centers (IDCs) over a dynamic pricing scheme in power markets can be a challenging task. This paper develops an efficient multiobjective approach to demand response at IDCs. Two objectives are considered: maximize the data center profits under some constraints and optimize quality of service (QoS) measured by a delay probability. A multiobjective optimization problem is formulated and Pareto optimality is adopted. A multiobjective solution method is proposed, which consists of an algorithm generating feasible points, a mechanism that preserves the feasibility, and a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) for producing Pareto optimal workload and energy scheduling. Scalability and feasibility of the proposed approach are analyzed. Simulation results using real-world data reveal that the proposed demand response approach can systematically achieve an excellent balance between the profits for IDCs and QoS for clients. In contrast with comparable MOEAs, the proposed approach finds feasible points in the decision variable space during the evolution process with a 100% success rate.
Sidewalk Static Obstructions and Their Impact on Clear Width

Data on sidewalks have long been deficient. But advances in remote sensing are beginning to increase data prevalence and accuracy. These sidewalk datasets rarely, if ever, account for static obstructions in the sidewalk such as signs, street furniture, or trees. This paper seeks to determine how much of a difference accounting for static obstructions will make when measuring the clear width of sidewalks. We extracted the minimum width of sidewalk surfaces—both with and without accounting for static obstructions—for the entirety of Cambridge, MA, using new GIS methods described in this paper. We then compared these results against Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards for clear width as well as national and federal sidewalk guidelines. The results suggest a significant decrease in the average clear width of sidewalks when accounting for static obstructions. More specifically, the clear width of the average sidewalk drops from 4.5 ft (1.4 m) to 3.5 ft (1.1 m). The percentage of sidewalk segments meeting the 3-ft ADA standard drops from 78% to 51% when accounting for static obstructions. For the proposed 4-ft (1.2-m) ADA standard, it plunges from 59% of sidewalk segments meeting the width threshold to 31%. These results demonstrate that not accounting for static obstructions could lead to a gross overestimation of seemingly adequate sidewalks and an unrealistic assessment of sidewalk infrastructure and pedestrian accessibility.
Medical image fusion and noise suppression with fractional-order total variation and multi-scale decomposition

Fusion and noise suppression of medical images are becoming increasingly difﬁcult to be ignored in image processing, and this technique provides abundant information for the clinical diagnosis and treatment. This paper proposes a medical image fusion and noise suppression model in pixel level. This model decomposes the original image into a noiseless base layer, a large-scale noiseless detail layer and a small-scale detail layer which contains details and noise information. The fractional-order derivative and saliency detection are used to construct the weight functions to fuse the base layers. The proposed total variation model combines the fractional-order derivative to fuse the small-scale detail layers. The mathematical properties and time complexity of the total variation model are also analysed. And choose-max method is used to fuse the large-scale detail medical layers simply. Our approach is based on fractional-order derivative, which enables keep more information and decrease blocky effects more effectively compared with the integer-order derivative. To verify the validity, the proposed method is compared with some fusion methods in the subjective and objective aspects. Experiments show that the proposed model fuses the source information fully and decreases noise cleanly.
Seesawing of Winter Temperature Extremes between East Asia and North America

In recent winters, there have been repeated observations of extreme warm and cold spells in the midlatitude countries. This has evoked questions regarding how winter temperature extremes are induced. In this study, we demonstrate that abnormally warm winter weather in East Asia can drive the onset of extremely cold weather in North America approximately one week forward. These seesawing extremes across the basin are mediated by the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), one of the recurrent atmospheric patterns over the North Pacific. Budget analysis of the quasigeostrophic geopotential tendency equation shows that intense thermal advection over East Asia is able to trigger the growth of the NPO. Vorticity fluxes associated with the upper-level stationary trough then strengthen and maintain the NPO against thermal damping following the onset of the NPO. Differential diabatic heating accompanied by changes in circulation also positively contribute to the growth and maintenance of the NPO. These results imply that recurrent cold extremes, seemingly contrary to global warming, may be an inherent feature resulting from strengthening warm extremes.