Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sunflower Oil Stabilization by Persian Walnut Leaves Extract during Oven Storage Test

The efficiency of the extract of Persian walnut leaves in stabilizing sunflower oil during oven storage test was studied. The extract of the walnut leaves was prepared with microwave assisted extraction at concentration of methanol 60%. The yield extraction was 32% and the total phenolics were found to be 3704.32±87.60 mg as gallic acid /100g dry leaves. Flavonoids as a part of phenolics were 25.1% of the total phenols (932.2÷3704.32×100=25.1%). The antioxidant activity was measured by reducing ability assay and DPPH radical scavenging assay. Reducing ability assay (EC50 0.143±0.007 mg/ml) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC(50) 0.080±0.010 mg/ml) revealed that this extract has a high antioxidant activity. Oxidative stability of sunflower oil by walnut leaves was compared with BHA and TBHQ. The results revealed that 320 ppm (0.32 mg/ml) of the Persian walnut leaves extract was comparable with 200 ppm BHA.
A Novel 2-DOF Lorentz Force Actuator for the Modular Magnetic Suspension Platform

The modular magnetic suspension platform depends on multi degree of freedom of Lorentz force actuators for large bearing capacity, high precision positioning and structure miniaturization. To achieve the integration of vertical driving force and horizontal driving force, a novel 2- (two degrees-of-freedom) DOF Lorentz force actuator is developed by designing the pose of the windings and permanent magnets (PMs). The structure and the working principle are introduced. The electromagnetic force mathematical model is established by the equivalent magnetic circuit method to analyze the coupling of magnetic flux. The distribution characteristics of magnetic flux density are analyzed by the finite-element method (FEM). It is found that the coupling of the magnetic flux and the large magnetic field gradient severely reduce the uniformity of the air-gap magnetic field. The electromagnetic force characteristic is investigated by FEM and measurement experiments. The difference between FEM and experiment results is within 10%. The reasons of driving force fluctuation are explained based on the distribution of air-gap magnetic field. The actuator performance are compared under the sliding mode control algorithm and PID control algorithm and the positioning accuracy is 20 μm and 15 μm respectively. Compared with the similar configuration, the motion range and force coefficient of the Lorentz force actuator in this paper are larger. It has a certain guiding significance on the structure design of the multi degree of freed Lorentz force actuator.
Actual vs. Perceived Competency Development—How Can Virtual Patients Impact Pharmacist Pre-Registration Training?

Virtual patients are an active learning pedagogical tool that simulate clinical scenarios. There is an established disparity in pre-registration examination pass rates depending on whether individuals complete their training in a community or hospital pharmacy. This study aimed to evaluate virtual patient (VP) and non-interactive (NI) case studies, concerning knowledge, skill and confidence development of pre-registration pharmacist trainees. A quasi-experimental evaluation was conducted. Pre-registration pharmacists completed three VP or NI case studies. Each case study was associated with a pre-and post-knowledge quiz. Pre-registration trainees were invited to complete a questionnaire consisting of Likert ranking statements and open-ended questions on the case study features, usability and individual development. Both learning tools significantly improved trainees’ knowledge on the topic areas (except for the NI group in case study 3). Although no significant differences in knowledge improvement were identified between the learning tools, trainees who used the VP reported the development of a wider knowledge base and skill set, an increase in confidence for practice and an opportunity to apply their learning. The sector in which pre-registration pharmacists were completing their training (community or hospital) had a significant impact on knowledge improvement in the three case studies. Future research evaluating VPs with pre-registration and qualified pharmacists should be conducted to explore their benefits and establish their effectiveness as learning tools.
Potent and Non-Cytotoxic Antibacterial Compounds against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Psiloxylon mauritianum, A Medicinal Plant from Reunion Island

With the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, identification of new anti-staphylococcal drugs has become a necessity. It has long been demonstrated that plants are a large and diverse source of antibacterial compounds. Psiloxylon mauritianum, an endemic medicinal plant from Reunion Island, was chemically investigated for its reported biological activity against S. aureus. Aspidin VB, a phloroglucinol derivative never before described, together with Aspidin BB, were first isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of P. mauritianum leaves. Their structures were elucidated from spectroscopic data. Aspidin VB exhibited strong antibacterial activity against standard and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains, with a minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of 0.25 μg/mL, and no cytotoxicity was observed at 10−5 M in MRC5 cells. Due to its biological activities, Aspidin VB appears to be a good natural lead in the fight against S. aureus.
Decision Support for Policymaking : Causal Inference Algorithm and Case Study

Economic and public policy choices by country-level decisionmakers have direct influence on sustainable development in their countries. Innovativeness is one key component of sustainable development that is difficult to define and measure directly. Nevertheless, in recent years, several innovation indices such as the Global Innovation Index (GII) and Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) have been developed. It is increasingly important to standardize the way of defining and measuring innovation to track progress towards sustainable development, but more importantly, it is important to develop an understanding of the policy choices that lead a country to be more innovative. At its core, this is a problem of causal inference from observational time series data made challenging due to missingness, noise and high correlation patterns. In this paper, we study this inference problem on the World Development Indicators (WDI) dataset acquired from theWorld Bank using a novel framework that can handle the aforementioned challenges (not only for the innovation domain, but for any policy domain). We address sparsity and correlation using concave regularization, and error control in the presence of noise using stability selection. We conduct a case study on a developing country by comparing inferred causal levers in different domains (e.g., infrastructure, financial sector and public sector) with levers obtained from similar and dissimilar countries. We validate some of our inferences using results published by subject matter experts through independent studies. This analysis provides actionable insights to policymakers of the developing country for improving their innovativeness.
Complex conductivity of soils

The complex conductivity of soils remains poorly known despite the growing importance of this method in hydrogeophysics. In order to fill this gap of knowledge, we investigate the complex conductivity of 71 soils samples (including four peat samples) and one clean sand in the frequency range 0.1 Hz to 45 kHz. The soil samples are saturated with six different NaCl brines with conductivities (0.031, 0.53, 1.15, 5.7, 14.7, and 22 S m−1, NaCl, 25°C) in order to determine their intrinsic formation factor and surface conductivity. This data set is used to test the predictions of the dynamic Stern polarization model of porous media in terms of relationship between the quadrature conductivity and the surface conductivity. We also investigate the relationship between the normalized chargeability (the difference of in‐phase conductivity between two frequencies) and the quadrature conductivity at the geometric mean frequency. This data set confirms the relationships between the surface conductivity, the quadrature conductivity, and the normalized chargeability. The normalized chargeability depends linearly on the cation exchange capacity and specific surface area while the chargeability shows no dependence on these parameters. These new data and the dynamic Stern layer polarization model are observed to be mutually consistent. Traditionally, in hydrogeophysics, surface conductivity is neglected in the analysis of resistivity data. The relationships we have developed can be used in field conditions to avoid neglecting surface conductivity in the interpretation of DC resistivity tomograms. We also investigate the effects of temperature and saturation and, here again, the dynamic Stern layer predictions and the experimental observations are mutually consistent.
Genetic timber tracking of Larix sp . in Eurasia

We sampled Larix sp. individuals over Eurasia and conducted genotyping at four chloroplast microsatellite and 253 newly developed SNP loci. Both marker types showed a very clear geographical pattern corresponding in Russia to different Larix species. The best SNP loci were selected to develop next sets of 76 and 13 loci for respectively cost-effective MassARRAY and SNaPShot genotyping. Genetic assignment tests provided theoretical success rates between 73 and 90% according to the marker set used. An analysis of timber samples showed varying amplification success rates, but demonstrated the feasibility of larch timber tracking with molecular markers at the regional level. We further discussed statistical improvements needed for forensic applications.
Morphological Feature Mismatches under Ellipsis : An Eye-tracking Study

One of the central questions in the study of ellipsis is to determine what principles constrain the identity condition defining the relation between the unpronounced material at the ellipsis site and its antecedent (see an overview in van Craenenbroeck & Merchant, 2013; Merchant, 2013 and references therein). There is ample evidence from tests on locality, case matching, preposition-stranding, etc., that strongly suggests ellipsis resolution involves computing silent structure at the ellipsis site (see Merchant, 2013 for an overview of the existing diagnostics for structures at the ellipsis site). There is also evidence that syntactic parallelism can constrain the identity condition on ellipsis. For instance, antecedent-ellipsis morphosyntactic mismatches can result in ungrammaticality. Lasnik (1999) discusses the case of the verb be and the auxiliary have in English (1).
RISK ANALYSIS AND RISK MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR INDUCED SEISMICITY

Decision-making regarding induced seismicity benefits greatly from quantitative risk assessment, and transparent frameworks for managing risk. This paper highlights recent work to assess these risks. Because of unique aspects of induced earthquakes, risk assessment requires new tools to estimate occurrence rates of future earthquake in a more dynamic context, to understand unique features of resulting ground motions, and to predict potential consequences at a regional scale. These tools can then support decision-making. In that regard, we present a framework that includes a site characterization component to determine the hazard in the area, followed by the utilization of exposure and risk tolerance matrices for regulators, operators, stakeholders, and the public. Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (email: bakerjw@stanford.edu) 2 Resilience Engineering Lead, One Concern, Palo Alto, CA 94301 Baker, J.W. , Gupta, A. Risk analysis and risk management tools for induced seismicity. Proceedings of the 11 National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA. 2018. Risk analysis and risk management tools for induced seismicity Jack W. Baker and Abhineet Gupta
Accurate Impact Loading Rate Estimation During Running via a Subject-Independent Convolutional Neural Network Model and Optimal IMU Placement

Objective: Enable accurate estimation of vertical average loading rate (VALR) in runners with one or more wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs). Methods: A subject-independent convolutional neural network (CNN) model was developed to estimate VALR from wearable IMUs. Fifteen runners wore IMUs at the trunk, pelvis, thigh, shank, and foot and ran on an instrumented treadmill for combinations of the following conditions: foot-strike (forefoot, mid-foot, rear-foot), step rate (90% to 110% of baseline), running speed (2.4 m/s and 2.8 m/s) and footwear (standard and minimalist running shoes). Thirty-one IMU placement configurations with combinations of one to five IMUs were evaluated. VALR estimations from the wearable IMUs were compared with force-plate VALR measurements. Results: VALR estimations via the subject-independent CNN model with a single shank-worn IMU were highly correlated (ρ = 0.94) with force-plate VALR measurements and were substantially higher than previously reported peak tibial acceleration correlations with force-plate VALR measurements from shank-worn accelerometers (ρ = 0.44–0.66). Correlation results from the CNN model for a single IMU placed at the foot, pelvis, trunk, and thigh were ρ = 0.91, 0.76, 0.69, and 0.65, respectively. There was no improvement in accuracy from the shank-worn IMU when adding 1–4 additional IMUs from the trunk, pelvis, thigh, or foot. Conclusion: The proposed subject-independent CNN model with a single shank-worn IMU provides more accurate estimation of VALR than previous wearable sensing approaches. Significance: This could enable runners to more accurately assess impact loading rates and potentially provide insights into running-related injury risk and prevention.
Polymer-Based Device Fabrication and Applications Using Direct Laser Writing Technology

Polymer materials exhibit unique properties in the fabrication of optical waveguide devices, electromagnetic devices, and bio-devices. Direct laser writing (DLW) technology is widely used for micro-structure fabrication due to its high processing precision, low cost, and no need for mask exposure. This paper reviews the latest research progresses of polymer-based micro/nano-devices fabricated using the DLW technique as well as their applications. In order to realize various device structures and functions, different manufacture parameters of DLW systems are adopted, which are also investigated in this work. The flexible use of the DLW process in various polymer-based microstructures, including optical, electronic, magnetic, and biomedical devices are reviewed together with their applications. In addition, polymer materials which are developed with unique properties for the use of DLW technology are also discussed.
Bacteriophage-modified Graphene Oxide Screen-printed Electrodes for the Impedimetric Biosensing of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium

In this study, an electrochemical impedance biosensor was developed using an isolated bacteriophage as a bioreceptor to detect Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The bacteriophage was immobilized on graphene oxide-modified screen-printed electrode (GO-SPE) using 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) as a crosslinker. The modified GO-SPEs were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to confirm the successful immobilization of the bacteriophage on the electrode surface. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was used to monitor variations in the charge transfer resistance (Rct) values at different immobilization and measurement conditions. The fabricated GO-SPE/Phage biosensor displayed quantitative response for S. Typhimurium over a broad range of concentrations (10-1×108 cfu/mL) and an increasing linear response was observed (R2=0.9842). The optimized incubation time and response time were 30 min and 4 min, respectively. Selectivity tests showed that the biosensor is selective towards S. Typhimurium over other bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Regularity and Pareto Improving on financial equilibria with endogenous borrowing restrictions

We consider a pure exchange, general equilibrium model, with two periods and a finite number of states, commodities, numeraire assets, and households. Participation in the asset markets is restricted in a household specific manner, imposing upper bounds on the amounts of borrowing which can be obtained using assets. Those bounds are assumed to be endogenous, i.e., they depend on asset and commodity prices. After establishing existence of equilibria, we show that, generically in the set of the economies, equilibria are finite, regular and suboptimal. Then, we restrict our attention to the significant set of economies in which some associated equilibria exhibit a sufficiently high number of strictly binding participation constraints. We prove that, generically in that set, those equilibria are Pareto improvable through a local change of the participation constraints.
The Versatility of Antioxidant Assays in Food Science and Safety—Chemistry, Applications, Strengths, and Limitations

Currently, there is a growing interest in screening and quantifying antioxidants from biological samples in the quest for natural and effective antioxidants to combat free radical-related pathological complications. Antioxidant assays play a crucial role in high-throughput and cost-effective assessment of antioxidant capacities of natural products such as medicinal plants and food samples. However, several investigators have expressed concerns about the reliability of existing in vitro assays. Such concerns arise mainly from the poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo results. In addition, in vitro assays have the problem of reproducibility. To date, antioxidant capacities are measured using a panel of assays whereby each assay has its own advantages and limitations. This unparalleled review hotly disputes on in vitro antioxidant assays and elaborates on the chemistry behind each assay with the aim to point out respective principles/concepts. The following critical questions are also addressed: (1) What make antioxidant assays coloured? (2) What is the reason for working at a particular wavelength? (3) What are the advantages and limitations of each assay? and (4) Why is a particular colour observed in antioxidant–oxidant chemical reactions? Furthermore, this review details the chemical mechanism of reactions that occur in each assay together with a colour ribbon to illustrate changes in colour. The review ends with a critical conclusion on existing assays and suggests constructive improvements on how to develop an adequate and universal antioxidant assay.
Analysis of the estrogen regulation of the zebraﬁsh estrogen receptor (ER) reveals distinct effects of ER (cid:1) , ER (cid:2) 1 and ER (cid:2) 2

We have previously cloned and characterized three estrogen receptors (ER) in the zebraﬁsh (zfER (cid:1) , zfER (cid:2) 1 and zfER (cid:2) 2). We have also shown that they are functional in vitro and exhibit a distinct expression pattern, although partially overlapping, in the brain of zebraﬁsh. In this paper, we have shown that the hepatic expression of these zfER genes responds differently to estradiol (E2). In fact, a 48-h direct exposure of zebraﬁsh to E2 resulted in a strong stimulation of zfER (cid:1) gene expression while zfER (cid:2) 1 gene expression was markedly reduced and zfER (cid:2) 2 remained virtually unchanged. To establish the potential implication of each zfER in the E2 upregulation of the zfER (cid:1) gene, the promoter region of this gene was isolated and characterized. Transfection experiments with promoter–luciferase reporter constructs together with different zfER expression vectors were carried out in different cell contexts. The data showed that in vivo E2 upregulation of the zfER (cid:1) gene requires ER (cid:1) itself and a conserved transcription unit sequence including at least an imperfect estrogen-responsive element (ERE) and an AP-1/ERE half site at the proximal transcription initiation site. Interestingly, although in the presence of E2 zfER (cid:1) was the most potent at inducing the expression of its own gene, the effect of E2 mediated by zfER (cid:2) 2 represented 50% of the zfER (cid:1) activity. In contrast, zfER (cid:2) 1 was unable to upregulate the zfER (cid:1) gene whereas this receptor form was able to tightly bind E2 and activate a reporter plasmid containing a consensus ERE. Altogether, these results indicated that the two ER (cid:2) forms recently characterized in teleost ﬁsh could have partially distinct and not redundant functions.
The international transfer of wind power technology to Brazil and China

Enhancing developing countries' access to climate technologies is an important contribution to effectively addressing climate change at the global level. In this study, we analyses the drivers and barriers for the transfer of wind power technology from the perspective of multinational technology suppliers. The findings and comparison of two case studies on the transfer of wind power technology to China and Brazil are presented, focusing on which transfer channels were chosen and why, as well as what kind of impact this choice had on the local diffusion of the transferred technology. While the case study on China arrives at the conclusion that a variety of transfer channels are used and hybrid governance modes, such as licensing and joint ventures, are favored in particular, the Brazilian case revealed that transfers within multinational companies to their subsidiaries are by far the dominant transfer channel. Both case studies revealed that government restrictions have a considerable impact on the choice of transfer channel, which is due both to the strong involvement of the receiving countries' governments in market creation activities for renewable energies and to their control over energy markets and infrastructures. [. ]
A Comprehensive, Flexible Collection of SARS-CoV-2 Coding Regions

The world is facing a global pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Here we describe a collection of codon-optimized coding sequences for SARS-CoV-2 cloned into Gateway-compatible entry vectors, which enable rapid transfer into a variety of expression and tagging vectors. The collection is freely available. We hope that widespread availability of this SARS-CoV-2 resource will enable many subsequent molecular studies to better understand the viral life cycle and how to block it.
Structural insight and stability of TNFR-Fc fusion protein (Etanercept) produced by using transgenic silkworms

Abstract Therapeutic proteins expressed using transgenic animals have been of great interest for several years. Especially, transgenic silkworm has been studied intensively because of its ease in handling, low-cost, high-yield and unique glycosylation patterns. However, the physicochemical property of the therapeutic protein expressed in transgenic silkworm remains elusive. Here, we constructed an expression system for the TNFR-Fc fusion protein (Etanercept) using transgenic silkworm. The TNFR-Fc fusion protein was employed to N-glycan analysis, which revealed an increased amount of afucosylated protein. Evidence from surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that the TNFR-Fc fusion protein exhibit increased binding affinity for Fcγ receptor IIIa and FcRn compared to the commercial Etanercept, emphasizing the profit of expression system using transgenic silkworm. We have further discussed the comparison of higher order structure, thermal stability and aggregation of the TNFR-Fc fusion protein.