Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Literalität und Geschlecht. Zum subjektiv wahrgenommenen und in Leistungstests ermittelten schriftsprachlichen Leistungsvermögen von Jungen und Mädchen

Empfohlene Zitierung/ Suggested Citation: Philipp, Maik; Sturm, Afra: Literalität und Geschlecht. Zum subjektiv wahrgenommenen und in Leistungstests ermittelten schriftsprachlichen Leistungsvermögen von Jungen und Mädchen In: Didaktik Deutsch : Halbjahresschrift für die Didaktik der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 16 (2011) 31, S. 68-95 URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-212818 http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-212818
Ruminal digestibility, microbial count, volatile fatty acids and gas kinetics of alternative forage sources for arid and semi-arid areas as in vitro

Abstract Atriplex (Atriplex patula) and plantago (Plantago lanceolata) species are commonly found in grasslands which have arid and semi-arid climatic conditions. The aim of the study was to make comparison of atriplex, plantago and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) herbages in terms of nutrient matter content, gas kinetics, methane production, estimated digestion parameters, ammonia-N, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), total bacteria count and numbers of protozoa. In vitro gas production was carried out for up to 96 h by using the in vitro digestion technique. The molar total VFAs, metabolic energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL), and organic matter digestibility (OMD) levels, count of total bacteria, number of total ciliate and number of Dasytricha sp. , Diplodiniinae and Entodiniinae did not show significant differences between alfalfa and the alternative forages (p >.05). In vitro methane production of atriplex herbage was higher than that of plantago herbage (p <.01). The ruminal ammonia-N concentration of plantago herbage was lower than those of atriplex and alfalfa herbages (p <.001). The individual molar proportions of propionic acid of alfalfa herbage were higher than those of the other forages (p <.001). The results of the present experiment confirmed that A. patula and P. lanceolata, which are appropriate for the flora of the Mediterranean region, can be used as alternative good quality forage plants to alfalfa hay for grazing animals.
COI BARCODING SEQUENCES OF TELEOSTS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

Forty species of teleosts in the South China Sea were sequenced(barcoded) in a 660bp region of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene(COⅠ). Most of the species were represented by multiple specimens,and 89 sequences were generated.The average intra-species,-genus,-family,and-order of Kimura two parameter(K2P) distances are 0.0084,0.1567,0.1839 and 0.2319,respectively.All the species could be differentiated in COⅠ sequence,despite of single individuals of any two species had haplotypes characteristic of a congener.Although DNA barcoding aims to develop species identification systems,some phylogenetic signals are apparent in the data.In the neighbour-joining tree for all 89 sequences,species of a genera clustered invariably in three major clusters:snappers,groupers,and the other fishes.The former two clades revealed after bootstrapping generally corresponded well with expectations.It is concluded that CO Ⅰ sequencing,or ‘barcoding’,can be used to identify fish species.
Antibacterial Activity of Citrus limon Peel Essential Oil and Argania spinosa Oil Against Fish Pathogenic Bacteria

The main objective of the study was the identification of antibacterial activity of lemon (Citrus limon L.) peel essential oil and argan (Argania spinosa L.) oil against fish pathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial activity was determined against six different fish pathogens (Yersinia ruckeri, Aeromonas hydrophila, Listonella anguillarum, Edwarsiella tarda, Citrobacter freundii and Lactococcus garvieae). Essential oil derived from lemon peel and argan oil were applied against the bacteria using the disc diffusion and micro dilution method under in vitro conditions. The disc diffusion results indicated that essential oil of naturally C. limon peel and argan oil significantly inhibited the growth of Y. ruckeri, A. hydrophila, L. anguillarum and C. freundii. Our results suggested that the use of lemon peel essential oil and argan oil induced a stronger antibacterial effect.
Homo and hetero-dimerization studies of two Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factors in fission yeast

ii Acknowledgements . iv List of Abbreviations . x Chapter 1 : Introduction . 1 1.1 Fission yeast as a model organism . 1 1.2 Cell cycle control and nutrition . 2 1.2.1 Cell cycle control at the G2/M transition . 3 1.2.2 Mei2: the master regulator of meiosis . 8 1.2.3 TOR signalling and meiosis . 8 1.2.4 Glucose sensing and meiosis . 10 1.2.5 The effect of thiamine on sexual differentiation . 10 1.3 Thiamine: vitamin B1 . 12 1.3.1 Thiamine transport and biosynthesis . 13 1.3.2 Genetic regulation by thiamine . 16 1.3.3 The role of Thi1 and Thi5. 17 1.4 Zinc finger transcription factors . 17 1.5 Studying protein-protein interactions . 18 1.6 Thesis overview. 23 Chapter 2 : Materials and Methods . 24 2.1 General cell culture techniques . 24 2.2 Strains . 24 2.3 Plasmid construction and cloning . 24 2.3.1 Plasmid vectors . 26 2.3.2 PCR . 26 2.3.3 Plasmid ligation . 27 2.3.4 Plasmid transformation into E. coli and yeast . 29 2.3.5 Building the thi1 and thi5 double mutant . 29 Microscopy . 31 vi 2.4 Total protein extraction . 31 2.5 SDS-PAGE and western blotting . 32 Chapter 3 : Results . 34 3.1 Expression of nmt41/42-promoter driven thi1-YFP, thi1-CFP, thi5-YFP and thi5CFP . 34 3.2 Subnuclear localization of Thi1-YFP . 37 3.3 Thi1 localization . 37 3.4 Commercially available antibodies detect Thi1-CFP, Thi5-CFP, Thi1-YFP, Thi5YFP, Thi1-His6 and Thi5-His6 proteins . 42 3.5 YFP-, CFP-, and His6-tagged Thi1 and Thi5 proteins are functional and able to rescue the thiamine auxotrophy of the thi1 thi5 double deletion strain . 46 3.6 Building a thi1 thi5 double deletion strain that is both ura and leu . 49 3.6. 1 Replacing the ura4 cassette with kanMX6 in the thi1::ura4 ura4-D18 leu1-32 ade6-210 strain . 50 3.6. 2 The Bioneer thi1 deletion strain does not have the expected thiamine auxotroph phenotype. 53 Chapter 4 : Discussion . 56 4.1 Assembling the tool kit to study Thi1 and Thi5 homo and hetero-dimerization . 56 4.1.1 Nuclear localization of Thi1 and Thi5 . 57 4.1.2 Detection of Thi1 and Thi5 by immunoblotting: building the tools necessary for Co-Ip interaction studies . 58 4.2 Difficulties building a thi1 thi5 double deletion strain . 58 4.2.1 Building a thi1 thi5 double mutant with the Bioneer strain thi1::kanMX4 ura4D18 leu1-32 ade6-210 . 59 4.3 Future work and direction . 60 4.3.1 Co-expression of plasmids for FRET and Co-IP . 61 4.3.2 Working model of Thi1 and Thi5 homo and heterdimerization . 62 4.3.3 Finding other gene targets regulated by Thi1 and Thi5 . 63 4.3.4 Thiamine inhibition of transcription via Thi5 . 65 vii 4.4 Conclusion . 68 4.5 Summary . 68 Literature Cited . 70
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of 18 Bulgarian newly bred grapevine varieties in relation to their resistance to downy mildew

ABSTRACT Eighteen Bulgarian newly bred grapevine varieties obtained by interspecific crossing were analysed through microsatellite markers in order to determine their genetic identity as well as the presence of resistance-related alleles linked to Rpv3, Rpv10 and Rpv12 loci. The levels of resistance of the investigated cultivars to downy mildew were assessed by leaf disk assay and were scored according to OIV descriptor 452. Seven isolates of Plasmopara viticola collected in different regions of Bulgaria were characterized and discriminated with seven microsatellite markers and were used in the assays. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in resistance to downy mildew among the analysed varieties. A clear correlation between the presence of particular Rpvs and the level of resistance was determined. Five cultivars, ‘Droujba’, ‘Garant’ and ‘Plevenska rosa’ harbouring Rpv3 and Rpv12, ‘Kajlashki rubin’ harbouring Rpv12 and ‘Slava’, Rpv10 and Rpv3, showed high level of resistance with mean OIV452 values ranging from 6.5 to 8.25 over all seven P. viticola isolates. The level of resistance of the remaining 14 cultivars, which carry only Rpv3 inherited from cultivar Villard Blanc, was found to vary significantly among the isolates with mean OIV452 values between 1.75 and 4.8 over all used P. viticola isolates. The results obtained in this study favoured five genotypes remarkable for their high resistance to downy mildew and very good quality of grape and wine. These varieties represent a valuable material for pyramiding of resistance through marker-assisted selection.
Evaluating the Cost-effectiveness of Risk-reducing Inputs: Wind Machines for Citrus

This study develops a method of estimating wind machine effectiveness. The method captures the important variables affecting costeffectiveness and can be applied at little cost. The present-value method outlined may be applied when evaluating frost protection for other crops and other risk-reducing inputs, such as irrigation equipment. Oranges in California are presented as a case study. The empirical results presented indicate that wind machines are generally not cost-effective for California orange producers. However, when the nonfinancial benefits of yield risk reduction are included, it is possible that wind machines are cost-effective for some growers.
Revealing the role of receptor WSX1: a double-edged sword in tumor progession

Tumor initiation and progression are dependent on both aberrant gene expression in tumor cells and the communication between tumor cells and its micro- and systemic microenvironment. Many tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes have been characterized to suppress or promote tumor growth, but fewer genes in tumors are well-characterized as interacting with immune cells in the host to promote or inhibit tumor growth. The interleukin (IL) 27 receptor WSX1 is expressed in immune cells and induces an IL27-dependent immune response. Opposing this conventional dogma, our initial results reveal a much higher level of WSX1 expression in multiple types of epithelial tumor cells when compared to normal epithelial cells. These revelations suggest a role for WSX1 in tumor development, and thus a possible target in cancer immune-therapy. Using genetically modified tumor cells, our studies show that the expression of WSX1 in tumor cells regulates the communication between tumor and host cells resulting in two different consequences. In both the cervical cell line TC1 and the squamous carcinoma cell line AT84, overexpression of WSX1inhibited tumorigenicity both in vivo and in vitro. Sensitizing NK cell-mediated surveillance through upregulation of NKG2D ligands in tumor cells is the underlying mechanism by which WSX1 inhibits tumor growth. Further investigations into other cell lines, such as colon cancer (CT26) and Lewis Lungs Carcinoma (LLC), confirmed the role of WSX1 as a tumor suppressor in vitro. In contrast to the role that WSX1 plays in the aforementioned cells, aggressive LLC and melanoma AGS tumor cells expressing WSX1 grow faster than the control cohorts. These studies reveal that the principal mechanism by which WSX1 promotes tumor growth is the inhibition of T cell proliferation and production of the effector cytokine IFNγ both in the tumor microenvironment and distal lymphatic tissues. Our evidence reveals that this effect is initiated via direct tumor cell and immune cell contact. This important observation reveals a new pathway of tumor-host interaction, which will ultimately lead to better strategies in immune therapy to reverse tumor tolerance.
Estimation of time-varying decision thresholds from the choice and reaction times with no assumption on the shape

When a decision is made based on a series of samples of evidence, the threshold for decision may change over time. Here we propose a fast heuristic algorithm that estimates the time-varying thresholds without making an assumption on their shape. The algorithm gives an approximate best estimate of the time-varying thresholds for all time considered when all other parameters are fixed. The algorithm outperforms conventional methods that gradually adjust the threshold estimates during fitting, when fitting time is limited.
Study on Molecular Genetic Diversity of Native Duck Breeds in China

Twenty four Chinese native duck breeds were studied to estimate genetic diversity and genetic structure using microsatellite markers.The genetic relationships between breeds were analyzed in combination with their geographic distribution.A total of 28 microsatellite markers were amplified.All breeds exhibited genetic diversity,through the estimation of polymorphic information content(PIC) and mean heterozygosity)H) index.The mean genetic diversity of the populations was 0.569,while the PIC values for Chinese native duck breeds showed a relatively high level,except APL23 and APL79 were similar(0.414) and of medium polymorphic.The Neighbor-joining was used to calculate the genetic distances.Cluster analysis divided the twenty-four populations into five groups,and the genetic relationships among the populations had obvious association with their phylogenetic relationship with the historical relations and geographical distribution.The development history of native duck breeds in China seemed to have an effect on their genetic structure.
The Morphology, Physiology and Pathophysiology of Coronary Microcirculation

The heart is one of the most demanding organs of the human body. The high nutrient and oxygen demands need to be met through an adequate vascularization of the myocardium. In fact, the myocardium vascular supply is achieved through an extensive vascular network that includes larger arteries, also known as coronary arteries, smaller arteries (arterioles) and capillaries. This set of arterioles and capillaries is known as microcirculation. Coronary artery disease is usually associated with larger epicardial coronary arteries. However, several studies have shown an important role of coronary microvascular dysfunction. This review aimed to explore the (a) morphology, with particular interest on the anatomical and histological aspects; (b) physiology, providing an insight on the several endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent regulatory mechanisms; and (c) pathophysiology of the cardiac microcirculation, with a special focus on the changes in the regulatory mechanisms, on the atherogenesis and on the correlation to the systemic cardiovascular disease.
Functionality of milk protein concentrate 80 with emulsifying salts and its applications in analogue cheeses

ABSTRACT Milk protein concentrate 80 (MPC80) was prepared with different emulsifying salts (ES). The effects on particle size (D50), solubility, and surface hydrophobicity (H0) of MPC80 were then observed after production. The molecular weight and secondary structure of MPC80 protein were also investigated through sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. Particle size (D50) was reduced from 31.37 to 20.67 μm following the addition of sodium phosphate (SPS). The solubility of MPC80 fortified with sodium citrate salt (SCS), SPS, and sodium pyrophosphate (SPP) was improved by 80.32, 78.23, and 55.80%, respectively. The SDS-PAGE pattern showed no significant difference between the control and single-ES-fortified samples, but major protein bands (αs-CN, β-CN, κ-CN, BSA, and β-LG) had a stronger intensity than binary-ES-fortified MPC80. The FTIR results showed that the β-sheet content of ES-fortified MPC80 was relatively higher than that in the control. Compared with analogue cheeses made by MPC80 with and without ES, SCS–SPP (92:8)-modified MPC80 presented a better fluid mass and homogeneous colour.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of potato wild relative species, Solanum nigrum

Abstract Solanum nigrum is a wild non-tuber-bearing species belonging to Solanaceae family. The complete chloroplast genome of S. nigrum was constituted by de novo assembly using a small amount of whole genome sequencing data. The chloroplast genome of S. nigrum was 155,432 bp in length and consisted of 25,289 bp of a pair of inverted repeats, 18,402 bp of small single copy, and 85,852 bp of large single copy regions. A total of 139 genes were annotated including 96 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis with 25 Solanaceae species revealed that S. nigrum is grouped with S. melongena.
Live cell proximity biotinylation enables proteomic analysis of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites

The cell is able to carry out an astounding number of biological functions in part due to its ability to compartmentalize chemical reactions to different cellular regions and organelles. In order to understand the biological pathways that occur in a specific cellular region, one needs to know the identity of the protein players and how they behave spatially and temporally in the context of a living cell. Obtaining complete protein inventories is a recurring challenge in cell biology, and although mass spectrometry-based proteomics has made great strides in cataloging all proteins, traditional protocols are limited because they rely on a purification of the cellular entity of interest. This purification step is imperfect, and furthermore, many cellular regions cannot be purified. Prior work in the Ting lab developed a methodology to bypass organelle and complex purification by using an engineered ascorbate peroxidase (APEX) to tag proximal endogenous proteins with biotin for subsequent purification and identification by mass spectrometry. Although this method worked well in membrane-enclosed compartments, it was insufficiently specific when applied to unbounded or partially bounded regions such as the mitochondrial intermembrane space. This thesis presents a ratiometric tagging strategy that can achieve high spatial specificity in unbounded cellular regions. We use this strategy to map the proteomes of mitochondrial subcompartments to understand how the mitochondrion communicates with the rest of the cell, and in particular, with the endoplasmic reticulum. These proteomes led to the identification of a protein that may be a component of a tethering complex between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Thesis Supervisor: Alice Y. Ting Title: Ellen Swallow Richards Professor of Chemistry
ONTOLOGIES BASED EXPERT SYSTEM FOR MAIZE

Pests and diseases cause major economic losses to the farmers. The estimate loss per annum due to disease and pests in a country like India touches to billions of Rupees. Most of the time farmers use over dosages of pesticides and fungicides to save their crop and thus cause environmental hazards. This expert system is designed to help farmers to identify diseases and insects attacking maize crop which is neither feasible nor practical by conventional system of extension. In conventional architecture of expert system, knowledge engineers along with domain experts build the knowledgebase in terms of facts and rules. This knowledgebase resides in the working memory of the inference engine and only accessible to one system. This knowledgebase is not portable and cannot be made accessible to other applications concurrently. Moreover, rule-base knowledgebases are not inherently based on Unicode and thus lacks support for internationalization or for regional languages. This system has a portable knowledgebase and is based on ontologies. The system acts as a tool for transferring the site and crop specific knowledge of various domain experts to the farmers.
D4.4 Prototype of the system for enhanced services recommendation

This deliverable addresses the prototypes of two tools that are implemented as a part of the PSS sub-system in the GloNet system, namely the Service Specification Tool (SST) and Product/Service Discovery and Recommendation (PSDR) tool. The designs of these tools are represented in the deliverable D4.3. These two tools, as well as the Product Specification Tool (PST) represented in D4.1 and D4.2, are well integrated as PSS (Product and Service Specification), supporting proper specification of different aspects of the complex products. The PSS sub-system provides the set of needed mechanisms for specification, registration, discovery, and recommended ranking of sub-products and business services, as well as the composition of business services and assisting with the enhancement for products with business services. As such, this deliverable addresses the implementation aspects related to the service-enhanced product specification and recommendation, while the complete design of the functionalities for this sub-system is provided in deliverable D4.3. Moreover, a set of examples of using the SST and PSDR tools, with some screenshots from the PSS are represented.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF DRIED STRAWBERRIES JUICES (Fragaria vesca L.) EMULGEL PREPARATION USING CANDLENUT OIL AND IT’S DIFFUSION

Strawberries (Fragaria vesca L.) is a fruit that contains nutrients with many benefits and used as an antioxidant because it contains phenolic, ascorbic acid, pelargonidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside. In addition, strawberries contain flavonoids, which have high antioxidant capacity. Double emulsion can improve the stability of phenolic compounds from dried strawberry juice. Primary emulsion is dispersed in a gel base (emulgel) and it is expected to produce more stable and better preparation with the ability to release the active ingredient topically. The production of double emulsion preparation (A / M / A) using candlenut oil as the oil phase with high level of total flavonoid and total anthocyanins of formula respectively - were 22.86% and 55.915%. The total flavonoid in dried strawberry juice emulgel was able to pass the membrane shed snake skin with higher flux value than the total flavonoid in the form of emulsion type A / M.
DEVELOPMENT OF A COST-EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR ASSESSING VARIETAL PURITY OF BARLEY AND MALT USING MOLECULAR GENOTYPING

The Home-Grown Cereals Authority (HGCA) has provided funding for this project but has not conducted the research or written this report. While the authors have worked on the best information available to them, neither HGCA nor the authors shall in any event be liable for any loss, damage or injury howsoever suffered directly or indirectly in relation to the report or the research on which it is based.
SOME VARIETIES OF PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF CARPS (Cyprinus carpio)WITH Aeromonas hydrophila

The main clinical and pathomorphological changes in Aeromonas hydrophila infection in carp provoked by different field strains of this bacterium were studied. The strongest histopathological damages were seen in the functional epithelium of liver and kidneys, fol­lowed by intestine and hearth damages in addition to various haemorrhages in interstitial tissues of visceral organs and some skin haemorrhages on the ventral sur­face of the body and the anal region . As a whole, pathological damages consisted of degenerative changes as cloudy swelling, granular and/or hyaline droplet degeneration or vacuolation in functional epi­thelium in the respective internal organs in addition to some target vascular disturbances, which appeared to be good biomarkers for field assessment of that dis­ease. Pathological damages in internal organs and haemorrhages were stronger in experimental fishes exposed to higher levels of the respective pathogens, especially those isolated from dead anaconda or the referent strain, and less pronounced damages were seen in fishes infected with of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from a silver carp with marked signs of septi­caemia.