Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computing call blocking probabilities in wavelength routing networks

We study a class of circuit switched wavelength routing networks with fixed or alternate routing, with or without converts, and with various wavelength allocation policies. We first construct an exact Markov process and an approximate Markov process which has a closed-form solution for a single path. We also develop an iterative decomposition algorithm to analyze long paths with or without wavelength converters effectively. Based on this algorithm, we then present an iterative path decomposition algorithm to evaluate the blocking performance of mesh topology networks with fixed and alternate routing accurately and efficiently. The decomposition approach can naturally capture the correlation of both link loads and link blocking events, giving accurate results for a wide range of loads and network topologies. Our model also allows non-uniform traffic, i.e., call request arrival rates that can vary with the source-destination pair, and it can be used when the location of converters is fixed but arbitrary. Our algorithm represents a simple and computationally efficient solution to the difficult problem of computing call blocking probabilities in wavelength routing networks. Finally we show through numerical and simulation results that the blocking probabilities for the random wavelength allocation and the circuit-switched case provide upper and lower bounds on the blocking probabilities for two wavelength allocation policies that are most likely to be use in practice, namely most-used and first-fit allocation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that using these two policies has an effect on call blocking probabilities that is equivalent to employing converters at a number of nodes in the network.
A Three-Stage Anomaly Detection Framework for Traffic Videos

As reported by the United Nations in 2021, road accidents cause 1.3 million deaths and 50 million injuries worldwide each year. Detecting traﬃc anomalies timely and taking immediate emergency response and rescue measures are essential to reduce casualties, economic losses, and traﬃc congestion. This paper proposed a three-stage method for video-based traﬃc anomaly detection. In the ﬁrst stage, the ViVit network is employed as a feature extractor to capture the spatiotemporal features from the input video. In the second stage, the class and patch tokens are fed separately to the segment-level and video-level traﬃc anomaly detectors. In the third stage, we ﬁnished the construction of the entire composite traﬃc anomaly detection framework by fusing outputs of two traﬃc anomaly detectors above with diﬀerent granularity. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed method outperforms the SOTA method with 2.07% AUC on the TAD testing overall set and 1.43% AUC on the TAD testing anomaly subset. This work provides a new reference for traﬃc anomaly detection research.
A Cogging Torque Minimization Procedure for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on a Progressive Modiﬁcation of the Rotor Lamination Geometry

cogging torque minimization procedure Abstract: This article describes a simple cogging torque minimization procedure for interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs), consisting of a progressive modiﬁcation of the rotor lamination geometry. This procedure can be generalized for the main topologies of PMSM, independently of the number of stator slots or the location of the permanent magnets. For this purpose, a basic IPMSM structure is analyzed by means of the FEM (ﬁnite element method) approach, and then, several other IPMSM geometries, obtained by adequately modifying the rotor lamination geometry of the basic IPMSM model without changing its stator conﬁguration, are proposed and discussed. The trends of the cogging torque generated by each model are computed and compared. From this comparison, it is demonstrated that, by simply acting on the shape of the rotor lamination and by choosing the optimized pattern, the cogging torque components can be theoretically canceled.
Does Students’ Adoption of Block Mode of Teaching Boost Positive Learning Outcomes in Tertiary Sector?

Block Mode teaching delivery, or intensive mode teaching, is a condensed style of teaching in which classes are scheduled in an intensive period. This paper examines the impact of students’ utilisation of the Block Mode of teaching on positive learning outcomes such as student’s retention, satisfaction, learning outcomes and graduate outcome. Data is collected via an online questionnaire from 74 participants studying in Block Mode in one of Australia universities. The findings shows that students’ utilisation of the Block Mode of teaching significantly and positively impacts positive learning outcomes in terms of student’s retention, satisfaction, learning outcomes and graduate outcome. The findings of the current study have important implications for researchers and practitioners.
Théorie statistique de l'apprentissage : une approche PAC-Bayésienne

This PhD thesis is a mathematical study of the learning task – specifically classification and least square regression – in order to better understand why an algorithm works and to propose more efficient procedures. The thesis consists in four papers. The first one provides a PAC bound for the L generalization error of methods based on combining regression procedures. This bound is tight to the extent that, for an appropriate aggregation procedure, we recover known optimal convergence rates. Besides, it is numerically tractable to derive an optimal aggregating procedure from the bound. The second paper is the core of the thesis. It provides new PAC-Bayesian bounds in classification and put forward original algorithms based on compression schemes and Gibbs distributions. The third paper illustrates the bounds developed in the second one and shows the influence of the prior distribution on the efficiency of Gibbs classifiers. It also discusses the complexity and margin assumptions proposed by Mammen and Tsybakov (E. Mammen and A.B. Tsybakov, Smooth discrimination analysis, Ann. Stat., 27, 1808–1829, 1999). The fourth paper aims to unify the numerous generalization error bounds which have appeared these last decades. It makes in particular the link between Rademacher and PAC-Bayesian bounds.
WAVELET DE-NOISING FOR AUTONOMOUS LATITUDE DETERMINATION

Autonomous determination of the latitude of the place of movable and immovable objects is used as an independent task, as well as the task of determination of the initial value of latitude for operation of both platform and platform-free navigation systems. To solve these problems, it is necessary to have an inertial measurement unit (IMU) with at least three gyroscopes and three accelerometers. When using the IMU, executed by MEMS technology, the output signals of micromechanical gyroscope and accelerometers have significant noise components. Kalman filter is usually used to filter such signals. However, for this purpose it is necessary to know, besides the exact mathematical model of sensitive elements, many of their initial random characteristics. In the article, the research was conducted in order to investigate the use of wavelet transformation for the filtering of output signals of micromechanical accelerometers and gyroscopes for autonomous determination of the latitude of the place. The peculiarity of using wavelet transform for noisy signals is that due to changing scale, wavelets can detect differences in process characteristics on different scales, and with help of the shift we can analyze process properties at different points on the whole investigated interval. Due to the properties of this system's fullness that it is possible to restore the process by means of inverse wavelet transform. The efficiency of the developed method of increasing the accuracy of the autonomous determination of the latitude of the IMU on the basis of micromechanical gyroscope and accelerometers has been experimentally confirmed. The projections of the angular velocity of Earth rotation and gravitational acceleration were obtained from the IMU made by MEMS technology. After that, the signals of the gyroscopes and accelerometers of the inertial measuring unit were filtered, using the wavelet ‘Daubechies 10’ in decomposition, and averaged. These signals were used in a computational algorithm to determine the latitude. The results showed that, unlike the well-known Kalman filter, which almost did not increase the accuracy of the latitude calculation, wavelet denoising and further averaging reduced calculation error by almost twice.
The Prevalence and Signiﬁcance of Occult Hepatitis B Virus in a Prospective Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients

Background: Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) is deﬁned as low-level HBV DNA without hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Prevalence estimates vary widely. We determined the prevalence of occult HBVat the University of Cincinnati Infectious Diseases Center (IDC). Methods: Patients in the IDC HIV database (n = 3867) were randomly selected using a 25% sampling fraction. Samples were pooled for HBV nucleic acid extraction. Pools were tested for HBV DNA by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to coamplify core/surface protein regions. The PCR assay was run on all individual samples from each DNA + pool. DNA + samples were tested for HBV serologic markers. Results: A total of 909 patients without known HBV were selected. The mean CD4 count was 384 cells/mm 3 . Forty-three patients were HBV DNA + . Twelve of 43 were DNA + /HBsAg 2 (95% conﬁdence interval for database: 0.58% to 1.90%). Five of 12 were negative for all serologic markers. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and HBV DNA titers were elevated in HBsAg + patients versus occult patients and versus HIV-monoinfected patients. No other signiﬁcant differences were detected. No occult HBV patient was on treatment with anti-HBV activity. Conclusions: Forty-three percent of those with HBV were not previously identiﬁed as HBV + , indicating the need for ongoing screening in high-risk populations. Occult HBV may occur in persons with all negative serologic markers, representing a challenge for identiﬁcation.
Correlation Function and Power Spectra in Cosmology

is determined observation-ally.Akeyconceptinthetheoryofgravitationalinstabilityis the Jeans length. Fluctuations on scales larger thanthe Jeans length are unstable against contraction undergravity,whilstﬂuctuationsonsmallerscalesaresupportedagainst further collapse by pressure forces.Fluctuations on scales larger than the size of thehorizon grow through self-gravity. As the universe growsolder, the horizon expands and encompasses densityﬂuctuations on progressively larger scales. Fluctuationsthat enter the horizon when the density of radiation isdrivingtheexpansionoftheuniverseareeffectivelyfrozenuntil the matter and radiation densities become equal.The radiation density effectively acts as a pressure thatprevents the further collapse of any perturbation in thematter density. The universe is expanding too rapidlyfor the matter ﬂuctuations to collapse under gravity. Thehorizon scale at the epoch when the matter and radiationdensities are equal is imprinted upon the power spectrumas the scale at which the spectrum turns over from theprimordial shape,
Sodium-Induced Colitis Susceptible to Dextran Sulfate Immunomodulatory Effects and Are More Knockout Mice Exhibit Novel Clcn5

Although the intracellular Cl 2 /H + exchanger Clc-5 is expressed in apical intestinal endocytic compartments, its pathophysiological role in the gastrointestinal tract is unknown. In light of recent ﬁndings that CLC-5 is downregulated in active ulcerative colitis (UC), we tested the hypothesis that loss of CLC-5 modulates the immune response, thereby inducing susceptibility to UC. Acute dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis was induced in Clcn5 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Colitis, monitored by disease activity index, histological activity index, and myeloperoxidase activity were signiﬁcantly elevated in DSS-induced Clcn5 KO mice compared with those in WT mice. Comprehensive serum multiplex cytokine proﬁling demonstrated a heightened Th1–Th17 proﬁle (increased TNF- a , IL-6, and IL-17) in DSS-induced Clcn5 KO mice compared with that in WT DSS colitis mice. Interestingly, Clcn5 KO mice maintained on a high vitamin D diet attenuated DSS-induced colitis. Immunoﬂuorescence and Western blot analyses of colonic mucosa validated the systemic cytokine patterns and further revealed enhanced activation of the NF- k B pathway in DSS-induced Clcn5 KO mice compared with those in WT mice. Intriguingly, high baseline levels of IL-6 and phospho-I k B were observed in Clcn5 KO mice, suggesting a novel immunopathogenic role for the functional defects that result from the loss of Clc-5. Our studies demonstrate that the loss of Clc-5 1) exhibits IL-6–mediated immunopathogenesis, 2) signiﬁcantly exacerbated DSS-induced colitis, which is inﬂuenced by dietary factors, including vitamin D, and 3) portrays distinct NF- k B–modulated Th1–Th17 immune dysregulation, implying a role for CLC-5 in the immunopathogenesis of UC.
Frequency Analysis of the Nonstationary Annual Runoff Series Using the Mechanism-Based Reconstruction Method

: Due to climate change and human activities, the statistical characteristics of annual runoff series of many rivers around the world exhibit complex nonstationary changes, which seriously impact the frequency analysis of annual runoff and are thus becoming a hotspot of research. A variety of nonstationary frequency analysis methods has been proposed by many scholars, but their reliability and accuracy in practical application are still controversial. The recently proposed Mechanism-based Reconstruction (Me-RS) method is a method to deal with nonstationary changes in hydrological series, which solves the frequency analysis problem of the nonstationary hydrological series by transforming nonstationary series into stationary Me-RS series. Based on the Me-RS method, a calculation method of design annual runoff under the nonstationary conditions is proposed in this paper and applied to the Jialu River Basin (JRB) in northern Shaanxi, China. From the aspects of rationality and uncertainty, the calculated design value of annual runoff is analyzed and evaluated. Then, compared with the design values calculated by traditional frequency analysis method regardless of whether the sample series is stationary, the correctness of the Me-RS theory and its application reliability is demonstrated. The results show that calculation of design annual runoff based on the Me-RS method is not only scientiﬁc in theory, but also the obtained design values are relatively consistent with the characteristics of the river basin, and the uncertainty is obviously smaller. Therefore, the Me-RS provides an effective tool for annual runoff frequency analysis under nonstationary conditions.
Efficient Noise Suppression for Robust Speech Recognition

This thesis addresses the issues of single microphone based noise estimation technique for speech recognition in noise environments. A lot of researches have been performed on the environmental noise estimation, however most of them require voice activity detector (VAD) for accurate estimation of noise characteristics. I propose two approaches for efficient noise estimation without VAD. The first approach aims at improving the conventional quantile-based noise estimation (QBNE). I fostered the QBNE by adjusting the quantile level (QL) according to the relative amount of added noise to the target speech. Basically, we assign two different QLs, i.e., binary levels, according to the measured statistical moment of log scale power spectrum at each frequency. The second approach is applying dual mixture parametric model in computing likelihoods of speech and non-speech classes. I used dual Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and Rayleigh mixture model (RMM) for the likelihoods. From the assumption that speech is generally uncorrelated to the environmental noises, the noise power spectrum can be estimated by using each mixture model parameter of speech absence class. I compared the proposed methods with the conventional QBNE and minimum statistics based method on a simple speech recognition task in various signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels. Based on the experimental results, the proposed methods are shown to be superior to the conventional methods.
Salicylic acid and proline enhance water use efficiency, antioxidant defense system and tissues’ anatomy of wheat plants under field deficit irrigation stress

Salicylic acid or proline enhances plant performance and encourages resistance to abiotic stress in plants. This investigation tests the influence of soaking kernels in salicylic acid (0.1 mM) or proline (10 mM) on the growth and performance of wheat plants grown in open field under full irrigation (100% of ETc) or deficit irrigation (50% of ETc). The results revealed that plants under field deficit irrigation (FDI) stress showed a decline in growth, kernel yield, relative water content, total content of chlorophylls and carotenoids, as well as negative changes in the anatomy of leaf and stem. Addition of salicylic acid or proline notably increased water use efficiency (WUE) and mitigated the stress created by FDI. Field deficit irrigation stress greatly increased electrolyte leakage, total soluble phenols, proline, and total soluble sugar contents and activities of enzymes SOD, CAT, and POX. Salicylic acid was the more efficient in mitigating FDI stress than proline. The results conclude that salicylic acid, as a growth regulator, could be used to alleviate the negative effect of limited water-availability in soil on wheat as well as improving the growth and yield of the crop. acid indi-vidually in improving the stress resistance in different plants. How-ever, in this study we examined the effect of the two substances on the same plant to compare which is the most effective in induction of resisting the field-deficit irrigation stress. The study illustrates the positive effect of soaking wheat grains in proline and salicylic acid on the anatomical structure of wheat plants under conditions of field-deficit irrigation stress in relation to the enhanced resistance to the drought.
Sacubitril/Valsartan: A Game Changer in the Treatment for Heart Failure HFrEF, PARADIGM-HF, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI)

With an estimated prevalence of 5.8 million in the United States and over 23 million people globally, heart failure (HF) is gradually becoming an epidemic. Despite the use of conventional medical therapies such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-adrenergic blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for management of heart failure patients for almost two decades, HF remains a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures. The Prospective Comparison of Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure (PARADIGM-HF) trial provided compelling evidence for the cardiovascular and mortality benefit of sacubitril/valsartan when compared to enalapril in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Following the trial, the US Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) approved this drug for the treatment of HF. There have been several other trials proving other important benefits of sacubitril/valsartan along with other ongoing trials. In this review, we will discuss about the characteristics of sacubitril/valsartan, its role in the management of heart failure, the various ongoing and already performed trials and their results to understand the current role and future uses of this combination drug. A systematic literature search was conducted using key words from relevant articles, and MeSh terms on google scholar and PubMed. Data were abstracted according to their relevance to subheadings of the review and synthesis of concepts done through multiple reviews by at least two reviewers for any subsection. and plasma renin concentrations indicated that it also blocks AT1-receptor. 20, 21 In the PARADIGM-HF study, it was seen that the combination decreased the plasma NTproBNP (not a neprilysin substrate) and increased plasma BNP (a neprilysin substrate) along with urinary cGMP as compared to the effect shown by enalapril. 22 Administration of sacubitril/valsartan to healthy subjects for 2 weeks led to increase of CSF Aβ1-38 with no substantial changes in the concentrations of CSF Aβ1-40 or CSF Aβ1-42. 22 Addition of 50 mg sildenafil to sacubitril/valsartan at a steady state (94 mg sacubitril/206 mg valsartan once daily for 5 days) in patients of hypertension was associated with an additional decrease in blood pressure compared to the administration of sacubitril/valsartan alone.
The Role of Trp53 in the Transcriptional Response to Ionizing Radiation in the Developing Brain

Brain formation results from a series of well-timed consecutive waves of cellular proliferation, migration and differentiation. Acute irradiation during pregnancy selectively interferes with these events to result in malformations such as microcephaly, reduced cortical thickness and mental retardation. In the present study we performed a straight-through cDNA-microarray analysis of the developing mouse brain at embryonic day E13, 3 h after in utero exposure to 50 cGy X-radiation. This dataset was used as an indication of genes involved in different pathways that are activated upon early radiation exposure, and for further evaluation using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Microarray and qPCR data revealed that the main activated pathways in irradiated wild-type embryos are involved in the regulation of a p53-mediated pathway that may lead to cell cycle delay/arrest and increased levels of apoptosis. To deﬁne whether the transcriptional radiation response was solely p53 mediated, we analysed the expression of cell cycle regulating genes in a Trp53 null mutant. The modulated expression of cell cycle regulating genes such as cyclins and Cdk genes indicated the induction of a cell cycle arrest, without evidence for the onset of apoptosis. Additional gene-expression studies have shown that various E2F transcription factors may be involved in this event. Together, these results provide a detailed view of the different p53-related mechanisms that are triggered in response to ionizing radiation in the developing brain.