Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Urban-rural differences in parenting style in China

Abstract Background: Existing literature shows several discrepancies in parenting style between urban and rural China, but conclusions are confusing. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis is to consider these inconsistencies and explore the influences of several moderator variables. Methods: Literature search will be conducted on PubMed, OVID, the Web of Knowledge, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan fang and Chongqing VIP database without language/date/type of document restrictions. The Software Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0 will be used to compare all the selected articles. Moreover, study quality was assessed with a checklist. Method and analysis: Literature search will be conducted on PubMed, OVID, the Web of Knowledge, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan fang and Chongqing VIP database without language/date/type of document restrictions. We will use Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software to conduct main meta-analysis. The primary outcomes are scores/subscores measured by the Chinese version of Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran, Parental Bonding Instrument, and any other questionnaires including parenting style. Ethics and Dissemination: Not needed because no data will be collected. Trials registration number: INPLASY202050010.
Differential Effects of Human Adenovirus E1A Protein Isoforms on Aerobic Glycolysis in A549 Human Lung Epithelial Cells

Viruses alter a multitude of host-cell processes to create a more optimal environment for viral replication. This includes altering metabolism to provide adequate substrates and energy required for replication. Typically, viral infections induce a metabolic phenotype resembling the Warburg effect, with an upregulation of glycolysis and a concurrent decrease in cellular respiration. Human adenovirus (HAdV) has been observed to induce the Warburg effect, which can be partially attributed to the adenovirus protein early region 4, open reading frame 1 (E4orf1). E4orf1 regulates a multitude of host-cell processes to benefit viral replication and can influence cellular metabolism through the transcription factor avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC). However, E4orf1 does not explain the full extent of Warburg-like HAdV metabolic reprogramming, especially the accompanying decrease in cellular respiration. The HAdV protein early region 1A (E1A) also modulates the function of the infected cell to promote viral replication. E1A can interact with a wide variety of host-cell proteins, some of which have been shown to interact with metabolic enzymes independently of an interaction with E1A. To determine if the HAdV E1A proteins are responsible for reprogramming cell metabolism, we measured the extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate of A549 human lung epithelial cells with constitutive endogenous expression of either of the two major E1A isoforms. This was followed by the characterization of transcript levels for genes involved in glycolysis and cellular respiration, and related metabolic pathways. Cells expressing the 13S encoded E1A isoform had drastically increased baseline glycolysis and lower maximal cellular respiration than cells expressing the 12S encoded E1A isoform. Cells expressing the 13S encoded E1A isoform exhibited upregulated expression of glycolysis genes and downregulated expression of cellular respiration genes. However, tricarboxylic acid cycle genes were upregulated, resembling anaplerotic metabolism employed by certain cancers. Upregulation of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle genes was also apparent in IMR-90 human primary lung fibroblast cells infected with a HAdV-5 mutant virus that expressed the 13S, but not the 12S encoded E1A isoform. In conclusion, it appears that the two major isoforms of E1A differentially influence cellular glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and this is at least partially due to the altered regulation of mRNA expression for the genes in these pathways.
Selected Ionotropic Receptors and Voltage-Gated Ion Channels: More Functional Competence for Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-Derived Nociceptors

Preclinical research using different rodent model systems has largely contributed to the scientific progress in the pain field, however, it suffers from interspecies differences, limited access to human models, and ethical concerns. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer major advantages over animal models, i.e., they retain the genome of the donor (patient), and thus allow donor-specific and cell-type specific research. Consequently, human iPSC-derived nociceptors (iDNs) offer intriguingly new possibilities for patient-specific, animal-free research. In the present study, we characterized iDNs based on the expression of well described nociceptive markers and ion channels, and we conducted a side-by-side comparison of iDNs with mouse sensory neurons. Specifically, immunofluorescence (IF) analyses with selected markers including early somatosensory transcription factors (BRN3A/ISL1/RUNX1), the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75), hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN), as well as high voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) of the CaV2 type, calcium permeable TRPV1 channels, and ionotropic GABAA receptors, were used to address the characteristics of the iDN phenotype. We further combined IF analyses with microfluorimetric Ca2+ measurements to address the functionality of these ion channels in iDNs. Thus, we provide a detailed morphological and functional characterization of iDNs, thereby, underpinning their enormous potential as an animal-free alternative for human specific research in the pain field for unveiling pathophysiological mechanisms and for unbiased, disease-specific personalized drug development.
Logicality of expert evaluations of berry yields by the experience and interests of forest planners

Abstract In Finland, expert knowledge has been widely utilized when developing models that facilitate predicting the impacts of alternative forest management options on non-wood forest products. However, expert modelling has been criticized because of the uncertainty and inconsistencies it includes. In this study, expert evaluations regarding bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) yields of different imaginary forest stands were analysed to find out whether the assessments were logically consistent. In particular, the consistency of the evaluations concerning berry production capacity of different stand densities and site fertilities was examined. The evaluations were made by 266 forest planners and other people whose work was related to field work in forest planning. The study also assessed whether the level of expertise (measured by two different variables, i.e. interest in berry picking and forest planning experience) affected the logic of the evaluations. It was found that on average both bilberry and cowberry yield assessments were in line with empirical research results found in literature. In addition, interest in berry picking was a more reasonable measure of berry yields in different forest stands than planning experience. The results of this study encourage the use of expert knowledge as a tool for forest planning and management.
Rumen Degradability of Dry Matter and Crude Protein in Tree Leaves and Crop Residues of Humid Nigeria

Degradability characteristics of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) in four tree leaves and four crop residues were evaluated in this study using the nylon bag technique with three cannulated rams. The results revealed significant variations between the leaves and residues in terms of DM and CP degradability characteristics. The potential degradability of DM ranged from 65.94 to 96.69% in the leaves and 51.28 to 73.77% in the residues whereas DM disappearance after 48 hrs of incubation was from 43.27 to 73.50% and 34.03 to 54.27% respectively. Effective degradability (ED) of DM decreased with increase in outflow rates ranging from a low of 35.88% (k=0.05) to 72.67% (k=0.02) in the leaves and 26.59% (k=0.05) to 54.60% (k=0.02) in the residues. Potentially the degradability of CP in the leaves was between 22.41 and 57.38% and 22.87 and 57.19% in the residues. The least ED (k=0.05) of CP was 14.11% while the highest was 48.01% (k=0.02) in the leaves whereas the residues had a range between 13.20% (k=0.05) and 46.70% (k=0.02). Crude protein disappearance post-incubation for 48 hrs ranged between 17.63 and 53.81% and 14.34 and 53.07% in the leaves and residues respectively. The findings of this study showed that the DM compared with CP in the leaves and residues was more degradable in the rumen with the leaves better in this same regard. The information thus provided by this study could be useful in the planning of ruminant diets particularly in the dry season of the tropics.
NOTES D’ÉTUDES ET DE RECHERCHE MONETARY POLICY INERTIA OR PERSISTENT SHOCKS? Julio Carrillo, Patrick Fève and Julien Matheron July 2006 NER-n° 150

In this paper, we propose a simple econometric framework to disentangle the respective roles of monetary policy inertia and persistent shocks in interest rate rules. The procedure exploits the cross-equation restrictions provided by a DSGE model which is confronted to a monetary SVAR. We show that, provided enough informative variables are included in the formal test, the data favor a monetary policy representation with low inertia and highly serially correlated monetary shocks. To the contrary, when the procedure is based solely on the dynamic behavior of the nominal interest rate, no clear-cut conclusion can be reached as to the correct representation of monetary policy. Keywords: Taylor rule, Monetary policy identi cation, Policy Inertia. JEL Codes: C52, E31, E32, E52.
Fungal biocontrol of root diseases: endomycorrhizal suppression of cylindrocarpon root rot

Many reviews in the past decade outline the need to understand the complex interactions between fungal pathogens of roots, mycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhizosphere associates, and various climatic and edaphic factors to develop stable mycorrhizal biocontrol strategies. Cylindrocarpon root rot caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans is a good example of a replant disorder that is amenable to this type of control in nurseries and new or renovated orchard sites. Cylindrocarpon root rot was reduced by endomycorrhizal colonization of potted peach rootstocks with Glomus aggregatum under controlled environment conditions using Turface or natural, untreated orchard soils. Several mechanisms of suppression are discussed including tolerance to the pathogen through increased host vigor and reduced exudation, competition for space and nutrients, and induced host resistance. Technical innovations and new concepts of fungal community ecology are improving the odds of developing effective biocontrols with mycorrhizae. Exploitat.
BENTHIC MARINE DIATOM ASSOCIATIONS: UPPER FLORIDA BAY (FLORIDA) AND ASSOCIATED SOUNDS 1

Models of the diatom associations found in upper Florida Bay and adjoining sounds have been constructed utilizing Q modal factor‐vector analysis and ecologic diversity indices (Shannon index, number of species, evenness). Four distinct associations were defined using Q‐mode factor‐vector analysis. Two associations were epiphytic, occurring on Thalassia testudinum König—Association I was characterized by Cocconeis placentula Ehr. , Association III by Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehr.) Reim. & Lewin and Cocconeis placentula Ehr. The other two associations were epipelic, occurring on the carbonate mud substratum—Association II was characterized by Cyclotella striata (Kütz.) Grun. , Rhopalodia gibberula (Ehr.) O. Müller and Surirella fastuosa (Ehr.) Kütz. , Association IV by Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton and Cyclotella striata (Kütz.) Grun. The majority of the 161 species identified were present in both the epiphytic and epipelic assemblages. Only 33 species were restricted to the epiphyton, and 18 species restricted to the epipelon. The epipelic assemblage was significantly more diverse than was the epiphytic assemblage. A general trend of increased diversity away from terrestrial environs toward more open areas of water in both the epipelon and epiphyton was also found.
Guess What: It's the Settlements!

Exchanges and other trading platforms are often vertically integrated to carry out trading, clearing and settlement as one operation. We show that such vertical silos can prevent efficiency gains from horizontal consolidation of trading and settlement platforms to be realized. Independent of the gains from such consolidation, when costs of settlement are private information, there is no mechanism that achieves the merger of the vertical silos in a way that trading and settlement are produced efficiently after the merger. Furthermore, we show that such an ex-post efficient merger can always be implemented by delegating the operation of settlement platforms to agents.
Age-Related Degradation of βA3/A1-Crystallin in Human Lenses☆

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine age-related degradation of βA3/A1-crystallin in human lenses. The βA3/A1-crystallin fragments were identified by Western blot analysis using two site-specific anti-βA3/A1-crystallin antibodies. The first antibody was raised against a N-terminal region (residues 35-66), and the second to the C-terminal (residues 203-214) region of the crystallin. During the analyses, either preparative SDS-PAGE-separated fragments from β H -crystallin fraction or water-soluble (WS) protein fractions from lenses of different aged donors were used. In lenses from 27- to 30-year-old donors, four major crystallin fragments of about 5, 16, 17, and 18 kDa immunoreacted with the anti-βA3/A1-N-terminal antibody, suggesting their intact N-terminus but cleaved C-terminus. A similar analysis with the anti-βA3/A1-C-terminal antibody identified 15-, 18-, 19-, and 20-kDa species and also five species between 4 and 11 kDa that had intact C-terminus but cleaved N-terminus. In lenses from a 5-year-old donor only two crystallin species, a major 15-kDa and a minor 18-kDa species, showed an intact N-terminus and cleaved C-terminus, whereas, eight species with Mr's between 4 and 19 kDa exhibited intact C-terminus but cleaved N-terminus. Upon two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of a β H -crystallin fraction from the lenses of a 70-year-old donor, a degradation profile almost similar to the crystallin mentioned above was observed. However, the existence of multiple spots with identical Mr's of truncated βA3/A1-crystallin species on the 2D-gel suggests their existence as isoforms (identical size species with different charges) because of post-translational modifications. Five species of 4, 6, 11, 15, and 18 kDa showed an identical partial N-terminal sequence of N-F-Q-G, suggesting cleavage at the E 39 -N 40 bond during their production. Together, the data suggest that the majority of age-related cleavages in βA3/A1-crystallin occur at the N-terminal region, with a major cleavage site at the E 39 -N 40 bond generating some of these fragments.
The Interplay of Underpricing and IPO Proceeds

This paper examines the links between IPO underpricing and offer proceeds. Using data on 381 Japanese IPOs for the 2010-2016 period, we find evidence for the interrelationship being endogenous on both sides. To unravel the embedded effects of size and floatation, we decompose proceeds into two separate parts. Our findings provide empirical support for (1) the offer price of the shares and the equity value of the firm being chosen simultaneously with underpricing and (2) the free float of the offer being set independently of expected underpricing. Furthermore, we find evidence consistent with the view that primary shares are offered to rebalance the capital structure and improve future prospects, whereas stock market liquidity seems to motivate secondary share sales. †We thank Rogier Quaedvlieg for the helpful comments. Email: bannenberg@ese.eur. nl and vander-
Parasitoids of obscure mealybug, Pseudococcus viburni (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) in California: establishment of Pseudaphycus flavidulus (Hym.: Encyrtidae) and discussion of related parasitoid species

Abstract To improve natural suppression of the obscure mealybug, Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret), the parasitoids Pseudaphycus flavidulus (Brèthes) and Leptomastix epona (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) of Chilean origin were released in California's Central Coast vineyards from 1997 to 1999. A survey for parasitoids of P. viburni was conducted in the Edna Valley appellation wine grape region from 2005 to 2007, 6–8 years after classical biological control releases were discontinued. Two survey methods were used. First, field collections of obscure mealybugs from commercial vineyard blocks (2005–2007) and, second, placement of “sentinel mealybugs” on potted (1 L) grape vines (2006 only). From both survey methods, P. flavidulus was recovered, albeit levels of parasitism were low (less than 0.6%). We also placed longtailed mealybug, Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti), on potted plants concurrent with placement of sentinel obscure mealybugs in the vineyard in order to measure parasitoid activity on this closely-related mealybug species. No P. flavidulus were recovered from P. longispinus. Other encyrtid parasitoids reared from either P. viburni or P. longispinus were Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault), Leptomastix dactylopii Howard, Leptomastidea abnormis (Girault), Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault, and Tetracnemoidea peregrina (Compere). A hyperparasitoid, Chaetocerus sp. , was also reared. The data are discussed with respect to biological control of vineyard mealybugs and newly developed controls for the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Because Pseudaphycus species reared from mealybugs are superficially very similar a taxonomic key and discussion of host relationships for selected Pseudaphycus species are provided.
Recent trends towards the deregulation of the financial services industry have generated a growing literature on the role of monetary policy in an unregulated

This paper examines the interaction between the financial and real sectors of the economy within the framework of a stochastic, rational expectation model that distinguishes between inside and outside money. The model also can be used to study the impact of variations in the degree of intermediation, measured by the elasticity of bank deposit supply. In contrast to earlier work which emphasized confusion between monetary and real shocks, we focus on the role played by confusion between inside and outside money and temporary and permanent base money disturbances. Financial sector disturbances, as well as temporary shocks to the monetary base, are shown to have real effects even when private agents have complete information. When contemporaneous information on economic disturbances is incomplete, permanent shocks to the monetary base also have real effects. If our model is correct, it is invalid to reject equilibrium models of the business cycle on the grounds that anticipated money affects output. We argue that this result is robust in the sense that many reasonable" models which incorporate inside money would yield a non-neutrality of portfolio and temporary base money supply shocks. Peter R. Hartley Department of Economics Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544 (609) 452-4032 Carl E. Walsh Research Department Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco 101 Market Street San Francisco, CA 94105 (415) 974—2397
Annual survival rates of adult male Corsican Nuthatches Sitta whiteheadi

The endemic Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi population is small and currently restricted to mountain forests of Corsican Pine Pinus nigra laricio. An estimate of annual survival rate is an important parameter to allow evaluation of extinction risk. Adult Corsican Nuthatches were colour‐ringed and resighted on territory in the Ascu Valley, central Corsica, from 1998 to 2005. Mark–recapture methods were used to estimate the annual apparent survival rate of male Corsican Nuthatches as 0.616 (95% CI 0.524–0.700), the best model being independent of time. The longest lifespan recorded for any individual was five years and seven months. During the study, there was no strong evidence that annual survival was affected by the variation in a key food source, Corsican Pine seeds.
Microsoft Word-AMO_MREE_A_1364623

This paper examines the impact of financial development on economic growth in West African region accounting for both structural breaks and cross-sectional dependency. Although the panel data study reveals that financial development has positive impact on economic growth in the entire West African region, the disaggregated data analysis discovers that variations in financial development can only explain variations in economic growth in about 75% of the countries in West Africa. This study has succeeded in revealing the countries where finance accelerates growth and countries where it does not. The weak impact of finance on growth in some of the countries could be due to low income level, low level of financial development, weak institutions, macroeconomic instability and high inflation rates. Knowing where finance spurs growth and where it does not, is fundamental for policy making.
WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management

Trading decisions are based on market conditions with changing volatility levels. Periods with low volatility induce positively autocorrelated returns and autocorrelations turn negative during periods of high volatility. The Brexit referendum serves as a suitable event in order to depict investors’ behavior under distress. Evidence for autocorrelation of index returns is provided by capturing global market movements without to specify an explicit measure of volatility. Furthermore, asset types have a mutual relationship among each other. Thereby, the dependency is affected by both the return type and the particular state. Keeping this in mind, investors can diversify risk by investing in different asset classes or select a suitable class given a particular state. To be more precise, investors should incorporate bitcoin in their portfolios because we argue that it can be grouped as in between a safe haven and a risky investment. JEL classification C32; C58; E40; G01; G11; G15; Q02 *The author works at WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management, Allianz Endowed Chair of Finance, Burgplatz 2, 56179 Vallendar, Germany. His phone number is +49 (0)261 6509 394, his fax number is +49 (0)261 6509 409, and his e-mail address is alex.kusen@whu.edu.
Micellar properties of Quillaja saponin. 1. Effects of temperature, salt, and pH on solution properties

We used surface tension and dye solubilization measurements to demonstrate that quillaja saponin molecules aggregate into micelles above a critical micelle concentration (cmc), whose value ranges between 0.5 and 0.8 g/L at 298 K. Below the cmc, this surfactant forms a saturated interfacial layer with 2 μmol/m2. Increased temperature or pH increases the cmc, while increased salt concentration decreases this value. The size of saponin micelles was found to increase strongly with temperature but to have little dependence on salt concentration or pH. The effect of increased temperature on size is accompanied by a decrease in intrinsic viscosity, suggesting substantial dehydration of the micelles at higher temperatures. We also observed some differences between quillaja saponins obtained from various commercial sources. The knowledge gained from these studies of quillaja saponin solutions is useful in exploring their ability to extract solutes of biological significance and for understanding the functioning of.