Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of PV Array coupled Active Network Converter Employing Fuzzy Logic Based Maximum Power Point Tracking Control Strategies

This paper investigates the performance analysis of coupled inductor Active Network Converter (ANC) for photovoltaic (PV) energy harvesting system. The proposed converter has an integrated with two coupled inductors in a single magnetic core which reduces the size of magnetic components and provides high step-up Voltage gain (Gv) without requiring an extreme Duty ratio (D). The voltage conversion ratio of ANC is high and has low switching losses due to the low voltage and current stress of power switches. The Voltage gain characteristic curve of this converter circuit with different turn’s ratio (n) has been studied for various duty cycle. The efficiency of this converter is about to 98.73%. Further, this proposed converter is integrated with the PV panel for the harvesting of solar energy. The performance of the solar system for extracting the maximum power depends on the solar irradiance (G), cell temperature (T) and the operating point of Maximum Power Point(MPP) with respect to working conditions. Here, the Incremental Conductance (I&C) algorithm and Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) method are incorporated for finding the MPP under different operating conditions. The Incremental conductance method overcomes the drawbacks of conventional P&O algorithm. The simulation works have been studied under Matlab-Simulink environment. The effectiveness of the FLC technique adopted in this work for finding MPP has been evaluated and the simulation results are compared with IC method. The simulation results show that the FLC method gives a better improvement in the tracking of MPP than I&C method.
Phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant studies of leaf, bark and flower extracts of Schefflera spp.(Araliaceae)

In the present study, the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of various extracts from leaves, bark and flower of S. venulosa and S. wallichiana was investigated by different in-vitro methods. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and reducing sugars in both plant species. Estimation of total phenolic content and free radical assays such as 1,1-diphenyl-2picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Reducing power assay were performed. The phenolic content varied from 0.36±0.05 to 93.41±0.22 mg GAE/g extract in both plant species. Aqueous flower extracts of S. venulosa (IC50 = 13.16 µg/ml) and aqueous leaf extract of S. wallichiana (14.13±0.01µg/ml) showed potent antioxidant activity. The maximum reducing ability in the FRAP assay was observed in aqueous flower extracts of S. venulosa (195.77±0.14 µM Fe (II) /g) and aqueous leaf extract of S. wallichiana (193.43±0.14 µM Fe (II) /g). OD at 700 nm for reducing power assay also showed similar results for the aqueous flower extracts of S. venulosa (2.05±0.25 OD) and aqueous leaf extract of S. wallichiana (2.00±0.18 OD). The results provide evidence that the studied plants might indeed be potential sources of natural antioxidants.
DESIGN OF AN INTEGRATED CIRCUIT FOR ELECTRICAL VEHICLE WITH MULTIPLE OUTPUTS

The vehicles spreading system are used on the electric vehicles on the battery vehicles in hybrid electric vehicles. The battery inverters on the converters motor on the core technologies . the attempt to improve battery on the low voltage level DC-DC to converter. The AC TO DC conversion are modified by the isolated transformer. The DC-DC converter are maintained by the isolated technology. The grid battery technology are maintained by HVBs as an input source and supply power to the electronic devices and low voltage battery (LVB) in the vehicle. This system proposes an OBC-LDC integrated power unit (OLPU) to improve the power density through the circuit integration. The proposed system has advantages in the reduction of principal components of the power stage as well as high power density through a shared heat sink and mounting space. In addition the shared circuit reduces the cost by eliminating the automotive highpower cable that is necessary for the power flow between the OBC and the LDC in the conventional system. Moreover, the OLPU brings the structures and advantages of the OBC and LDC in conventional (x EVs) . International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 118 No. 2
Protein pattern of the honeybee venoms of Egypt

The venom composition of the Egyptian honeybee Apis mellifera lamarckii , the Carniolan honeybee Apis mellifera carnica and a hybrid with unknown origin were analyzed using electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). All venoms shared six bands with molecular weights of 97.400, 67.400, 49.000, 45.000, 43.000 and 14.000D. Bands with molecular weights of 81.000, 56.000, 37.000 and 10.000D are characteristic for the Egyptian subspecies. Bands with molecular weights of 12.000 and 8.000 are characteristic for the Carniolan subspecies, while bands with molecular weights of 32.000, 20.000 and 2.835D are characteristic for hybrid bees. It was noticed that Egyptian bee venom and the hybrid bee venom have strong similarities in their biochemical composition. KEY WORDS: social insects, toxins, biochemistry, electrophoresis. Egyptian Journal of Biology Vol.4 2002: 142-146
A set of 35 consensus primer pairs amplifying genes and introns of plant mitochondrial DNA

Being generally uniparentally inherited, the plant mitochondrial genome is a source of original markers potentially useful for studies of phylogeny and population genetics. We designed 24 new pairs of plant mitochondrial DNA primers that allow amplification of either introns, intergenic regions or genes. They have been defined for consensus over angiosperms and were tested along with 11 previously described mitochondrial primer pairs on 28 plant species representing 19 families of higher plants. The total set allows amplification of 40 kb ( ~ ~ ~ 11%) of the mtDNA genome of Arabidopsis thaliana . The amplification rate ranged between 76% and 100% depending on the species.
Studies on Vascular Changes and Immune Cell Role in the Ischemic Brain By In Vivo Two-Photon Microscopy

Mechanisms contributing to the inflammatory cascade, including vascular modifications and immune cell recruitment/activation, act with high dynamism within a three-dimensional space, thus being ideally investigated by in vivo two-photon microscopy (2-PM). In this thesis I applied in vivo 2-PM and quantitative bright field and confocal microscopy to explore cerebrovascular remodelling, immune cell dynamism and phenotype in two models of ischemia in mice achieved by transient or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. To specifically visualize microglia and T-cells, I used cx3crl eGFP and hCD2_eGFP mice, respectively. I imaged animals before and at different time points after ischemia, and quantified blood flow velocity and extravasation in individual vessels. After reperfusion, blood flow exhibited >80% drop in most vessels and extravasation established as early as 20min after ischemia onset. In this ischemic territory, I analyzed motility and morphology of GFP+ microglia. Microglia were stationary and became ameboid at 24h after injury. The absence of fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) prevented the ameboid switch and favoured a protective M2 microglia polarization, characterized by decreased CD68 and iNOS expression and increased Yml expression. To assess the temporal evolution of microglia/macrophage polarization in the ischemic brain, I investigated the expression and coexpression pattern of CD11b, CD45, CD68, Yml, CD206 and iNOS after ischemia by conventional immunohistochemistry. Microglia/macrophages showed multiple polarization states, with a specific pattern of distribution and association with globular or ramified CD11b morphology. M2 microglia/macrophage peaked at 24h after injury, whereas Ml cells peaked at 48h. The phagocytic activity (CD68), mainly confined at the lesion borders at 6h-48h, dramatically increased and occupied all the ischemic territory at 7d. I finally investigated T-cells dynamism within the ischemic territory by in vivo 2-PM. I described two populations characterized by different track velocities and found that motile cells preferentially moved along the perivascular space, where they contacted astrocytes and perivascular macrophages. These data provide novel information on the inflammatory response after stroke and pave the way for developing strategies resulting in promotion of a protective inflammatory phenotype.
Larval food composition and food plants of the solitary bee Colletes halophilus (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)

Summary The pollen component of the larval food of Colletes halophilus, studied in four nature reserves in the Netherlands, was strongly dominated by Aster tripolium. The liquid component of the larval food contained high concentrations of sugars (glucose and fructose), far more than could be supplied by A. tripolium pollen present in the food. This indicates that in addition to pollen, considerable amounts of nectar were collected from this plant. The larval food showed hydrogen peroxide production. We did not, however, find this in pollen collected directly from A. tripolium flowers. We conclude that females of C. halophilus produce the enzyme glucose oxidase and add this to larval food. This is the first such finding for solitary bees. The apparent dependency of C. halophilus on A. tripolium has implications for the conservation management of this solitary bee.
Investigation on arbuscular mycorrhizal alliances in some threatened medicinal herbs of Burdwan district, West Bengal, India

Perseverance of conventional herbal medicines is increasing gradually throughout the world. Considering the growing demand of ethnomedicinal plants in therapeutic treatments to our primary health care system and the role of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) fungi for enhanced production of active secondary metabolites by the medicinal plants, the present work was undertaken to survey the arbuscular mycorrhizal status in some common medicinal herbs like, Abrus precatorius, Elephantopus scaber, Sida rhombifoliaand Clerodendrum indicum. As evidenced from Grid-line intersect method, all the plants under investigation were colonized by the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as both the vesicles and arbuscules were present in the roots. Arbuscular frequency was the highest in the roots of E. scaber (0.3 to 98.7), followed by A. precatorius (5.97 to 61.46) and lowest inC. indicum (0.1 to 31.7). Correspondingly, vesicular frequency was the highest in E. scaber(0 to 63.33) and lowest in C. indicum (31.83 to 40.2). It is apparent from the results that the extent of mycorrhizal colonization varied significantly with the seasonal variations throughout the year. Spore analysis from the rhizosphere soil sample exhibited a great deal of variation in their frequency and occurrence in different seasons of the year and also in their morphological features. The VAM/arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungi observed in the present study mostly belong to the species group of Glomus. Key words: Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM), arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM),Glomus species, Acaulospora scrobiculata, Sclerocystis species, Abrus precatorius,Elephantopus scaber, Sida rhombifolia, Clerodendrum indicum.
RECONSTRUCTION OF CHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE IN PEDIGREE OF JAPANESE WHEAT CULTIVARS

The objective of the study was to trace the transfer of chromosomal fragment from parent to offspring in Japanese wheat cultivars and to assess their genetic diversity. The extended pedigree of Japanese wheat cultivars was constructed with the help of available information. SSR data clearly indicated the transfer of fragments from parents to their offspring. At some places only a single primer could be detected to be transferred from parents to the offspring while at other place the whole fragment could be detected to be transferred. Thus SSR analysis of Japanese wheat line clearly and safely can be used for pedigree tracing. SSR analysis of Japanese wheat cultivars produced 88 Haplotypes. Genetic Diversity index ranged from 0.089 to 0.664. 75 haplotypes were also developed when the SSR data was analysed on the basis of Asakaze Komugi alleles presence, similarity and difference in other Japanese wheat cultivars. The similarity of alleles among them ranged from 40% to 86.67 %. None of the Japanese wheat cultivars showed 100% similarity with Asakaze Komugi alleles. At least one of the resistance genes of Saiki 165 must have been introduced from Asakaze komugi, which is moderately resistant. Our results through haplotypes and pedigree analysis also confirmed it. The results were also confirmed by hierarchical cluster analysis, using statistical programme SPSS.
A flexible COVID-19 model to assess mitigation, reopening, virus mutation and other changes

The COVID-19 epidemic which began in China last year has expanded worldwide. A flexible SEIRD epidemiological model with time-dependent parameters is applied to modeling the pandemic. The value of the effective reproduction ratio is varied to quantify the impact of quarantines and social distancing on the number of infections and deaths, on their daily changes. and on the maxima in these daily rates expected during the epidemic. The effect of changing Reff is substantial. It ought to inform policy decisions around resource allocation, mitigation strategies and their duration, and economic tradeoffs. The model can also calculate the impact of changes in infectiousness or morbidity as the virus mutates, or the expected effects of a new therapy or vaccine assumed to arrive at a future date. The paper concludes with a discussion of a potential endemic end of COVID-19, which might involve times of about 100 years.
THE EFFECT OF FOURTEEN ROOT EXTRACTS UPON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING LENGTH OF FIFTEEN PLANT SPECIES

Root extract solutions of crested wheatgrass, Russian wild ryegrass, intermediate wheatgrass, couch grass, bromegrass, Altai wild ryegrass, wild barley, poverty weed, alfalfa, sweet clover, reed canary grass, timothy, sorghum grass, and dandelion on quartz sand were used as germinating and growing media for seeds of 12 of these species as well as for wheat, oats, and barley.Root extracts from Russian wild ryegrass, crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, brome, timothy, reed canary, and wild barley had little or no effect on the germination of the seed of most species. Those from Russian wild ryegrass and brome had little effect on seedling length. On the other hand, extracts made from the roots of alfalfa, dandelion, sorghum grass, sweet clover, poverty weed, and couch grass showed the greatest inhibitory effects on both the germination and seedling growth.
The Neighboring Subunit Is Engaged to Stabilize the Substrate in the Active Site of Plant Arginases

Arginine acts as a precursor of polyamines in plants in two known pathways, agmatine and ornithine routes. It is decarboxylated to agmatine by arginine decarboxylase, and then transformed to putrescine by the consecutive action of agmatine iminohydrolase and N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase. Alternatively, it can be hydrolyzed to ornithine by arginase and then decarboxylated by ornithine decarboxylase to putrescine. Some plants lack a functional ornithine pathway, but all have one or two arginases that can have dual cellular localization, in mitochondria and plastids. It was recently shown that arginases from Arabidopsis thaliana and soybean act also as agmatinases, thus they can produce putrescine directly from agmatine. Therefore, arginase (together with arginine decarboxylase) can complement putrescine production in plastids, providing a third polyamine biosynthesis pathway in plants. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that arginases, highly conserved in the plant kingdom, create the only group of enzymes recognized in the family of ureohydrolases in plants. Arginases are metalloenzymes with binuclear manganese cluster in the active site. In this work, two arginases from A. thaliana and Medicago truncatula are structurally characterized and their binding properties are discussed. Crystal structures with bound ornithine show that plant hexameric arginases engage a long loop from the neighboring subunit to stabilize α-amino and carboxyl groups of the ligand. This unique ligand binding mode is unobserved in arginases from other domains of life. Structural analysis shows that substrate binding by residues from two neighboring subunits might also characterize some prokaryotic agmatinases. This feature of plant arginases is most likely the determinant of their ability to recognize not only arginine but also agmatine as their substrates, thus, to act as arginase and agmatinase.
Collective Action and Social Capital of Wildlife Management Associations

Abstract In areas with dense landownership patterns, management of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) depends upon collective decision making of landowners and hunters. To resolve conflicts associated with this commons dilemma, wildlife management associations (WMAs) have become a popular mechanism for coordinating wildlife management decisions in private land states, especially in Texas, USA. Social capital, represented by metrics such as trust, reciprocity, and community involvement, has been identified as an important determinant of the success of collaborative institutional arrangements. To determine the influence of social capital on the effectiveness of WMAs, we address 2 research questions: 1) do WMAs exhibit elements of social capital, and 2) what landowner characteristics affect elements of social capital within WMAs? We used a mail survey questionnaire to determine the effect of various factors on the activities and management practices in 4 WMAs in 2 regions in Texas: the Lower Post Oak Savannah (LPOS) and the Central Post Oak Savannah (CPOS). The LPOS landowners were members of larger associations, had generally acquired their land more recently, held more frequent meetings, and tended to have longer association membership than CPOS landowners, yet they exhibited lower social capital. The CPOS landowners owned significantly larger properties, and were predominantly absentee wealthy males that considered relaxation and hunting more important land uses than property ownership for a place to live. The smaller group size of the CPOS associations may be the most important factor in building and maintaining social capital. Intra-association trust, a primary measure of social capital, was positively influenced by the longevity of property ownership, the number of association meetings, the percentage of males in the association, and other factors. Conversely, negative influences on trust included absentee ownership and the proportion of woodland habitat present in each WMA. We suggest that deer are a common-pool resource whose populations are dependent upon collective action by stakeholders. Social capital building within landowner associations could facilitate the sustainable harvest of quality deer and possibly lead to cooperative management of other common-pool natural resources.
PHAR08) Eurycoma longifolia aqueous extract increases sexual activities in male and female rats

Introduction Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Simaroubaceace), identified by its local name as Tongkat Ali is commonly found along the hilly jungle slopes of Malaysia. Pharmacological evaluations on this plant showed that it possessed antimalarial (Chan et al., 1986, 1989; Kardono et al., 1991; Ang et al., 1995), cytotoxic (Kardono et al., 1991; Morita et al., 1990, 1993; Itokawa et al., 1991), antiulcer (Tada et al., 1991) and antipyretic (Chan et al., 1995) properties. However, in Malaysia, it has gained notoriety as a male aphrodisiac since it is reputed to increase male prowess (Gimlette and Thompson 1977) and it is usually taken as a water decoction of roots. However, this is largely based on subjective rather than scientific verification. In vivo physiological studies employing sexually naive male rats treated with this extract exhibit increased sexual motivation; pendiculation, stimulated erectogenic effects and copulatory behaviour and improved sperm quality. However, the biochemical mechanism underlying its aphrodisiac properties especially with regard to its erectogenic effect is yet to be comprehended. In order to elucidate the mechanism of action of E. longifolia aqueous extract which has been reported to evince aphrodisiac properties, in vivo studies using male and female rats were carried out in this present study. Male and female Spraque Dawley rats were given various concentrations of aqueous extract of E. longifolia (0, 30, 60, 90, 150 mg/kg) orally for 7 days.
Development and Use of a Vaccinia Virus Neutralization Assay Based on Flow Cytometric Detection of Green Fluorescent Protein

ABSTRACT A rapid and sensitive neutralization assay is required to evaluate alternative smallpox vaccines. Here we describe the development and use of a 96-well plate, semi-automated, flow cytometric assay that uses a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein and which would be applicable to other viruses.
Kinematics, maximal metabolic rate, sprint and endurance for a slow-moving lizard, the thorny devil (Moloch horridus)

Metabolic physiology, morphology, activity patterns, performance traits and movement kinematics are thought to have coevolved in lizards. We examined links between these parameters for the thorny devil (Moloch horridus), a morphologically and ecologically specialised agamid lizard (body mass ~30 g). It has a maximum sustainable metabolic rate (VO2max) of 0.99 mL O2 g –1 h –1 while running at a velocity of 0.11 m s –1 at 35°C. This VO2max is typical of that for other lizards (except varanids), but its burst speed (1.21 m s –1 ) is slower than for a typical agamid (e.g. Ctenophorus ornatus at 3.59 m s –1 ) and its endurance is appreciably higher. The kinematic pattern of hind-limb movement for M. horridus is different to that of a ‘typical’ similar-sized agamid, Ctenophorus ornatus, which is a fast-moving lizard that shelters in rock crevices. It is also different to the ecologically equivalent Phrynosoma platyrhinos. The slow and erratic ventilation of M. horridus (2.3 breaths min –1 ) at its maximum sustainable aerobic running speed occurs when it stops running. This might be a consequence of the hypaxial muscles being used for both lung ventilation and locomotion, which might be impairing pulmonary ventilation when running, but might also contribute to its high endurance. M. horridus is metabolically typical of agamids, but its body shape, movement patterns and locomotory performance traits are different, and might have coevolved with its specialisation for eating ants. Z26 Momsh h C. l et