Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Unit Transformer for Neural Machine Translation

Transformer models achieve remarkable success in Neural Machine Translation. Many efforts have been devoted to deepening the Transformer by stacking several units (i.e., a combination of Multihead Attentions and FFN) in a cascade, while the investigation over multiple parallel units draws little attention. In this paper, we propose the Multi-Unit Transformers (MUTE), which aim to promote the expressiveness of the Transformer by introducing diverse and complementary units. Specifically, we use several parallel units and show that modeling with multiple units improves model performance and introduces diversity. Further, to better leverage the advantage of the multi-unit setting, we design biased module and sequential dependency that guide and encourage complementariness among different units. Experimental results on three machine translation tasks, the NIST Chinese-to-English, WMT'14 English-to-German and WMT'18 Chinese-to-English, show that the MUTE models significantly outperform the Transformer-Base, by up to +1.52, +1.90 and +1.10 BLEU points, with only a mild drop in inference speed (about 3.1%). In addition, our methods also surpass the Transformer-Big model, with only 54\% of its parameters. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the MUTE, as well as its efficiency in both the inference process and parameter usage.
SPH Simulations of Real Sea Waves Impacting a Large-Scale Structure

The Pont del Petroli is a dismissed pier in the area of Badalona, Spain, with high historical and social value. This structure was heavily damaged in January 2020 during the storm Gloria that hit southeastern Spain with remarkable strength. The reconstruction of the pier requires the assessment and characterization of the wave loading that determined the structural failure. Therefore, a state-of-the-art Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) code was employed herein as an aid for a planned experimental campaign that will be carried out at the Maritime Engineering Laboratory of Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech (LIM/UPC). The numerical model is based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and has been employed to simulate conditions very similar to those that manifested during the storm Gloria. The high computational cost for a full 3-D simulation has been alleviated by means of inlet boundary conditions, allowing wave generation very close to the structure. Numerical results reveal forces higher than the design loads of the pier, including both self-weight and accidental loads. This demonstrates that the main failure mechanism that led to severe structural damage of the pier during the storm is related to the exceeded lateral soil resistance. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research represents the first known application of SPH open boundary conditions to model a real-world engineering case.
Insiders’ Foreknowledge of Earnings Results and Rule 10b5-1 Sales Trades

This article investigates the source of 10b5-1 plan insiders’ superior trade performance. Specifically, this article examines whether insiders trade on their private information about the firm’s future earnings performance through 10b5-1 sell trades and the features of 10b5-1 plan trades that are exploited to achieve superior trade performance. I find strong evidence that insiders use 10b5-1 plans to sell stock before disappointing earnings results. However, there is no evidence of earnings management around 10b5-1 sales, consistent with insiders’ good trade timing deriving from their foreknowledge about unfavorable earnings news rather than their ability to influence the timing and recognition of earnings performance. Restricting the sample to insiders who trade both before and after the implementation of Rule 10b5-1, I find that these insiders traded aggressively on earnings information even in the pre-10b5-1 era, but then shifted aggressive trading into 10b5-1 plans after the availability of planned trading, implying an unintended consequence of Rule 10b5-1. Finally, I document that strategic 10b5-1 trades tend to be infrequent, irregularly timed, close to the plan initiation date, and executed during traditional earnings blackout periods, revealing problematic features within 10b5-1 plans.
Online communities and their contribution to local heritage knowledge

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the potential of social media as a framework for people-centered heritage. With a focus on the interpretation and display of heritage by online communities, this paper aims at providing insights into the social production of heritage – the social co-construction of meanings of everyday landscape and the making of the collective and local identity.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes a methodological roadmap for the digital ethnography of everyday heritage. It reveals (1) the fundamental principles according to which people make value judgments and associate meanings to the urban landscape, and (2) the role of online communities in conveying collective identity and heritage values within the community realm. As a case study area for the implementation of the proposed method, three Facebook community group pages for Tripoli, Lebanon were chosen. The posts and comments were translated into English and uploaded to NVivo 12 plus and a deductive thematic approach to qualitative data analysis was applied. The data was coded into three main nodes: the actors, the tangible assets and the value registers.FindingsResults show that Facebook users are concerned with environmental equality, common interests, utility, right to the city and representativeness, while the beautification of heritage is often perceived as a threat to these values.Originality/valueThis investigation goes beyond heritage attributes (what) and values (why) to examine how values are assigned by local communities. It provides a comprehensive understanding of value judgment and the rationale and arguments used to justify positions and mobilize online community members in order to contribute to the digital co-construction of everyday heritage.
Effect of two types of cross training protocols on body composition and physical fitness of young adults

Introduction: Modifications in body composition parameters are considered health risk factors. Thus, exercise programs such as Cross Training emerge as an alternative to reduce health risk factors, especially the body composition of practitioners. Aim: To compare the adaptations from 10 weeks of Cross Training performed in a grouped and alternated manner on body composition and physical fitness of active young people. Methods: Sixty adults underwent ten weeks of two Cross Training programs, organized in grouped circuit (CTG: n=26; BMI 24.30 ± 3.10 kg/cm2) and alternated (CTA: n=29; BMI 25.00 ± 3.60). Before and after the intervention period, the subjects were evaluated on body composition and physical fitness parameters. Body and adipose mass were evaluated by bioelectrical analyzer (bioimpedance). Verification of physical fitness was performed using isometric deadlift, handgrip test and yoyo intermittent recovery test-IR2. Analysis of variance (2x2 ANOVA) of repeated measures, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test were used to compare means and detect differences between protocols, adopting p≤0.05 for statistical significance. Percentage change and effect size were also calculated for each dependent variable. Results: Both training protocols presented statistically significant difference in relation to time in body composition parameters (muscle mass: p≤0,001 and fat mass: p≤0.001) and cardiorespiratory fitness (p≤0.01). Regarding the maximum isometric force, the CTG showed a significant difference when compared to the initial moment (Handgrip: p=0.02; Deadlift : p=0.03), a fact observed in the CTA group deadlift (p=0.05) only, (Handgrip: p=0.08). When confronted with each other, the groups showed no statistically significant difference in any comparison. Conclusion: Both training protocols were effective for improving body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in young adults. Key-words: Exercise, Anthropometry, Resistance Training. Artigo Original Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exercício ISSN Online: 2675-1372 ISSN Impresso: 1677-8510 RBFEx 399 Da Silva-Grigoletto ME et al. Cross training, composição corporal e aptidão física
Application of Gemstone CT Spectroscopy in the Evaluation of Abnormal Enhancement of Lesion Margin After Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: Accurately assessing the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and early detection of tumor residues or recurrence after radiofrequency ablation is important to improve the prognosis of patients with HCC. Objectives: To investigate the application of gemstone spectral imaging in the evaluation of abnormal enhancement of the edge of HCC after radiofrequency ablation. Patients and Methods: From November 2013 to April 2019, patients with HCC admitted to the department underwent regular gemstone spectral imaging and energy spectrum analysis after radiofrequency ablation. The abnormal enhancement within and around the radiofrequency ablation lesion was observed, and the energy spectrum data of the radiofrequency ablation lesion and the abnormal enhancement focus were measured. Results: A total of 133 lesions with marginal enhancement following radiofrequency ablation were included. Of these lesions, 62 were eventually diagnosed as inflammatory reaction zone, and 71 were diagnosed as residual or recurrent HCC. The results of energy spectrum analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the iodine concentration between the inflammatory reaction zone and the residual or recurrent HCC (P < 0.001). The iodine concentration in the inflammatory reaction zone was lower than the iodine concentration in the residual or recurrent HCC (9.70±3.00 100 µg/mL vs. 13.24 ± 4.51 100 µg/mL). In the enhanced arterial and portal venous phases, the difference between the slope of the energy spectrum curve of the inflammatory reaction zone and the residual or recurrent HCC was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Gemstone spectral imaging can effectively differentiate residual or recurrent HCC from the inflammatory reaction zone after radiofrequency ablation. It is conducive to early detection of residual or recurrent tumors, helps clinicians formulate the next treatment plan, and improves the prognosis of patients.
SOCIAL COMPETENCE AND ACCESS TO FINANCE IN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN UGANDA

Purpose: The paper examined the mediating effect of innovation in the relationship between social competence and access to finance by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Uganda. The major aim was to establish the role of innovation in the relationship between social competence and access to finance. Methodology: The research took a positivist paradigm and a cross-sectional research design were used to collect data from 307 SMEs in Uganda. Close-ended and self-administered questionnaire with question items anchored on a five-point Likert-type scale was used to collect data from either managers or owner of SMEs. Pearson correlation and Hierarchical regression analyses were employed for data analysis. More so, the study adopted MedGraph program, Sobel tests, Kenny, and Baron Approach to test for mediation effects. Findings: The findings indicated that the true drivers of access to finance by SMEs in Uganda are social competence and innovation. However, innovation exhibits partial form of mediation in the relationship between social competence and access to finance. Unit Contribution to practice and policy: Since innovation was found to be a causal chain in the relation between social competence and access to finance in this study, managers of the SMEs should endeavor to reinforce agents of innovation since commercial institutions trade off higher interest and lower collateral requirements for firms involved in the innovative process. Besides, this study can therefore reinforce the importance to foster academic achievement not only because of academic and learning reasons, but also because of its implications in other important domains (such as social competence) of young generation development along the school years. The government of Uganda can therefore, introduce some subjects in schools and institutions that can promote the development of social competences in the learning group. Study Limitation: First, only a single research methodological approach was employed and future research through interviews could be undertaken to triangulate. More so, future studies could use the same basic hypotheses and regression construction, but implement the study in terms of a longitudinal rather than a cross-sectional design. The longitudinal study would need to correct changes in data relative to time element. Keywords: Social Competence, Innovation, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Mediating effect, Access to Finance.
Electromigration simulation and design considerations for integrated circuit power grids

Due to continued technology scaling, electromigration has become a serious reliability concern in modern integrated circuits. This is further aggravated by the pervasive use of inaccurate models for electromigration based on traditional empirical black-box models. We will review the modern approach to electromigration verification, with emphasis on recent physical models, then summarize our work on a finite-difference based approach for power grid electromigration checking using these models. The method simulates the electromigration damage across the power grid, much like simulating for voltage or current. The lifetimes found using this physics-based approach are on average about twice or more than those based on the traditional empirical approaches. Because this approach is computationally efficient, one is able to handle large grids with millions of branches. We then present detailed analysis of the steady-state stress and its relation to voltages and currents in the grid, along with a number of design considerations that follow from this analysis.
Taboos/Norms and Modern Science, and Possible Integration for Sustainable Management of the Flyingfish Resource of Orchid Island, Taiwan

Coastal management without scientific data or modern techniques has been implemented successfully by many coastal communities, and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), which is regarded as a culturally framed belief system, has played an important role in the successful cases. TEK of flyingfish culture in the Orchid Island was proved to have a theoretical basis and advantages in managing the flyingfish resource. However, modernization, introduction of modern techniques (motorized boats), development of tourism, and numerous other factors have caused TEK to change or disappear, and integration of TEK with the modern science of environmental management may be a solution to sustain the marine resource. TEK constitutes numerous taboos and norms (T&N). This study, for the first time, itemized the T&N of the flyingfish culture by category, with plausible motives explained by the respondents through in-depth interviews of tribespeople in 2014 and 2015, and identified the T&N with ecological conservation implications. The study also implemented a sampling scheme to provide the first records of fishery composition, flyingfish catch amount (about 260,000–280,000 fish per year), and the catch rate for the island. Finally, this study discussed three interrelated approaches for sustainable management of the flyingfish resource, including integration of TEK with science-based monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS), and research.
Retinal image enhancement using adaptive histogram equalization tuned with nonsimilar grouping curvelet

Fundus images are broadly used by medical ophthalmologists to detect and assess any customary abnormalities. Fundus imaging sensors capture the eye's rigid portion, which characteristically covers the core, tangential retina, optic disc, and macula. Existing state‐of‐the‐art fundus sensors have the drawback of producing low contrast and noisy information, which makes scientific and algorithmic evaluation very complicated. This article proposes an Adaptive Histogram Equalization—Tuned with Nonsimilar Grouping Curvelet (HET‐NOSCU), which works through a joint denoising enhancement approach. The proposed algorithm's main contribution includes (i) use of curvelet features to better preserve edges during denoising. (ii) Adaptive enhancement using the histogram to prevent halo ringing and specular artifacts, which yields superior results than the very recently established state‐of ‐the‐art methods, using similar performing parameters such as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index (SSIM), and correlation coefficient (CoC). We observe an improvement of 17.66%, 0.93%, and 0.24%, respectively, for the above parameters.
The Process and Product of Coherence Monitoring in Young Readers: Effects of Reader and Text Characteristics

ABSTRACT We examined sixth graders’ detection of inconsistencies in narrative and expository passages, contrasting participants who were monolingual speakers (N = 85) or Spanish-English DLLs (N = 94) when recruited in pre-kindergarten (PK). We recorded self-paced reading times and judgments about whether the text made sense, and took an independent measure of word reading. Main findings were that inconsistency detection was better for narratives, for participants who were monolingual speakers in PK, and for those who were better word readers. When the text processing demands were increased by separating the inconsistent sentence and its premise with filler sentences there was a stronger signal for inconsistency detection during reading for better word readers. Reading patterns differed for texts for which children reported an inconsistency compared to those for which they did not, indicating a failure to adequately monitor for coherence while reading. Our performance measures indicate that narrative and expository texts make different demands on readers.
The Economic Significance of Work Experience for Elderly Employment in Thailand

A rapid demographic change to the aging and aged population in Thailand has led to a reduction in the labor force, and an increasing concern about the economic potential of the country. Therefore, a study of older adults who are capable of working, and an analysis of the significance of their work experience is vital for public policy. An analysis of the data from the 2018 Labor Force Survey in Thailand demonstrates that older adults in the age groups of 60-64 and 65-69 who are capable of working constitute 24.2% and 21.2% of the population, respectively. Among these older adults are retirees, who have the highest potential because they are well educated and highly experienced. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to correct the selectivity bias in the analysis of the return on work experience. The results indicate that the marginal return on work experience is 2.75% for high-skilled occupations. There are similar results for semi-skilled and low-skilled occupations (1.99% and 1.73%), however, diminishes more rapidly in the latter than in the former. These findings indicate that the value of experience increases with occupations that require skills, and diminishes significantly in jobs that mainly require physical strength (i.e., low-skilled occupations). This study suggests that older adults with the potential to do so should be encouraged to remain active in the labor market, and that labor demand is enhanced by emphasizing the value of their experience.
The Spanish Mediterranean Fishing Guilds (Cofradías): An Example of Collaborative Management with a Key Role in Sustainable Fisheries

The management of Spanish coastal fisheries is based on a mixed model where the centralised action of the Government is combined with the self-organisation of fishers in cofradías (guilds). These institutions have economic and political functions, intermediating between the State and the fishing sector and mediating in the conflicts that may occur. They also have welfare and mutualist tasks. This original and traditional co-management model is part of the social capital of traditional Spanish fishing.
A Demonstration of Mechanic Maker: An AI for Mechanics Co-Creation

Developing games is challenging as it requires expertise in programming skills and game design. This process is costly and consumes a great deal of time. In this paper we describe a tool we developed to help decrease this burden: Mechanic Maker. Mechanic Maker is designed to allow users to make 2D games without programming. A user interacts with a machine learning AI agent, which learns game mechanics by demonstration.
Conservation implications of ecological responses to extreme weather and climate events

Many conservation efforts now focus on mitigating biodiversity loss due to climate change. While a focus on impacts from mean, long‐term changes in climate is warranted, the vast majority of conservation plans largely ignore another key factor of climate change—changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events. A typology of the full range and severity of ecological responses to extreme events would help underpin tracking of their impacts.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES’ VALUE ADDED IN SOME FEW SELECTED ORGANIZATIONS WITHIN BAUCHI METROPOLIS

The study was carried out in Bauchi metropolis of Bauchi state (Nigeria) to evaluate the effective role of human capital management towards organizational value added of some selected organizations in Bauchi metropolis. The research assessed some selected staffs of five (5) different organizations drawn from both public and private sectors to examine how their employees are systematically selected, retained and maintained at their best. The study also aimed at determining the human capital measurement approach by those organizations to get the workers working as money alone cannot deliver the organizational goal. The research been an empirical study was conducted using structured questionnaire distributed to Staffs of some selected organizations in the metropolis. The sampling method adopted for the study was stratified random sampling technique. The instrument used for data analysis was using SPSS Pearson Product Correlation Method to test the hypothesis. A total number of 55 questionnaires were returned and considered out of the 60 that was distributed. This paper believed that the human capital management should be designed, implemented and assessed by how well it help organization achieved its strategic results and pursue its mission. It’s the overall recommendation of this paper that the long-term survival and sustainability of the organization in the fast moving world is guaranteed with investment in resources that can have different effects on human behaviors with the need to work effectively and how people pursue goals in a fast changing and multifaceted environment most affected by modernity and globalization.
Weakest preconditions in fibrations

Abstract Weakest precondition transformers are useful tools in program verification. One of their key properties is composability, that is, the weakest precondition predicate transformer (wppt for short) associated to program $f;\;g$ should be equal to the composition of the wppts associated to f and g. In this paper, we study the categorical structure behind wppts from a fibrational point of view. We characterize the wppts that satisfy composability as the ones constructed from the Cartesian lifting of a monad. We moreover show that Cartesian liftings of monads along lax slice categories bijectively correspond to Eilenberg–Moore monotone algebras. We then instantiate our techniques by deriving wppts for commonplace effects such as the maybe monad, the nonempty powerset monad, the counter monad, or the distribution monad. We also show how to combine them to derive the wppts appearing in the literature of verification of probabilistic programs.