Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variational method in relativistic quantum field theory without cutoff

The variational method is a powerful approach to solve many-body quantum problems non perturbatively. However, in the context of relativistic quantum field theory (QFT), it needs to meet 3 seemingly incompatible requirements outlined by Feynman: extensivity, computability, and lack of UV sensitivity. In practice, variational methods break one of the 3, which translates into the need to have an IR or UV cutoff. In this letter, I introduce a relativistic modification of continuous matrix product states that satisfies the 3 requirements jointly in 1+1 dimensions. I apply it to the self-interacting scalar field, without UV cutoff and directly in the thermodynamic limit. Numerical evidence suggests the error decreases faster than any power law in the number of parameters, while the cost remains only polynomial.
Possible Periodic Dips in the Pulsating Ultraluminous X-Ray Source M51 ULX-7

We report the discovery of possible periodic X-ray dips in a pulsating ultraluminous X-ray source, M51 ULX-7, with archival Chandra observations. With ∼20 days of monitoring in the superorbital descending state, we discovered three dips with separations of ∼2 and ∼8 days via the Bayesian block technique. A phase-dispersion minimization and a test suggest that the dip is likely recurrent with a period of ∼2 days, consistent with the orbital period of M51 ULX-7. We interpret the dip as an obscuring of the emission from the pulsar by the vertical structure on the stream–disk interaction region or the atmosphere of the companion star. Both interpretations suggest the viewing angle to be ∼60°. Given that the magnetic field of M51 ULX-7 is moderately high, B ∼ 1013 G, a low geometric beaming with is sufficient to explain the observed flux and the presence of dips. Obscuration of the stellar wind remains an alternative possible origin and further monitoring of the dips will be required.
OntoZSL: Ontology-enhanced Zero-shot Learning

Zero-shot Learning (ZSL), which aims to predict for those classes that have never appeared in the training data, has arisen hot research interests. The key of implementing ZSL is to leverage the prior knowledge of classes which builds the semantic relationship between classes and enables the transfer of the learned models (e.g., features) from training classes (i.e., seen classes) to unseen classes. However, the priors adopted by the existing methods are relatively limited with incomplete semantics. In this paper, we explore richer and more competitive prior knowledge to model the inter-class relationship for ZSL via ontology-based knowledge representation and semantic embedding. Meanwhile, to address the data imbalance between seen classes and unseen classes, we developed a generative ZSL framework with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Our main findings include: (i) an ontology-enhanced ZSL framework that can be applied to different domains, such as image classification (IMGC) and knowledge graph completion (KGC); (ii) a comprehensive evaluation with multiple zero-shot datasets from different domains, where our method often achieves better performance than the state-of-the-art models. In particular, on four representative ZSL baselines of IMGC, the ontology-based class semantics outperform the previous priors e.g., the word embeddings of classes by an average of 12.4 accuracy points in the standard ZSL across two example datasets (see Figure 4).
ScrofaZero: Mastering Trick-taking Poker Game Gongzhu by Deep Reinforcement Learning

People have made remarkable progress in game AIs, especially in domain of perfect information game. However, trick-taking poker game, as a popular form of imperfect information game, has been regarded as a challenge for a long time. Since trick-taking game requires high level of not only reasoning, but also inference to excel, it can be a new milestone for imperfect information game AI. We study Gongzhu, a trick-taking game analogous to, but slightly simpler than contract bridge. Nonetheless, the strategies of Gongzhu are complex enough for both human and computer players. We train a strong Gongzhu AI ScrofaZero from \textit{tabula rasa} by deep reinforcement learning, while few previous efforts on solving trick-taking poker game utilize the representation power of neural networks. Also, we introduce new techniques for imperfect information game including stratified sampling, importance weighting, integral over equivalent class, Bayesian inference, etc. Our AI can achieve human expert level performance. The methodologies in building our program can be easily transferred into a wide range of trick-taking games.
Determination of A+ in Open Clusters

The sedimentation level of blue straggler stars (BSS) has been shown to be a great tool to investigate the dynamical states of globular clusters (GCs). The area enclosed between the cumulative radial distributions of BSS and a reference population up to the half-mass radius of the clusters, A+ rh, is known to be a measure of the sedimentation of BSS in GCs. In this work, we calculate A+ rh for 12 open clusters (OCs) using main-sequence turn-off stars as a reference population. The BSS as well as the main-sequence turn-off stars for these clusters are identified using the proper motions and parallaxes from the Gaia DR2 data, with spectroscopically confirmed BSS populations for some of these clusters available in the literature. Using the Pearson and Spearman rank correlation coefficients, we find weak correlations between the estimated values of A+ rh and other markers of dynamical ages of the clusters, i.e., the number of central relaxations a cluster has experienced since its formation, and the structural parameters of the clusters. Based on statistical tests, we find that these correlations are similar to the corresponding correlations among the less evolved GCs, albeit within large errors.
Electron field emission from phase pure nanotube films grown in a methane/hydrogen plasma

Phase pure nanotube films were grown on silicon substrates by a microwave plasma under conditions which normally are used for the growth of chemical vapor deposited diamond films. However, instead of using any pretreatment leading to diamond nucleation we deposited metal clusters on the silicon substrate. The resulting films contain only nanotubes and also onion-like structures. However, no other carbon allotropes like graphite or amorphous clustered material could be found. The nanotubes adhere very well to the substrates and do not need any further purification step. Electron field emission was observed at fields above 1.5 V/μm and we observed an emission site density up to 104/cm2 at 3 V/μm. Alternatively, we have grown nanotube films by the hot filament technique, which allows to uniformly cover a two inch wafer.
Preparation of chiral ladder-like polysilsesquioxanes and their chiral induction to anionic dye compound

Ladder-like polysilsesquioxanes containing chiral groups and ammonium chloride groups as side chains were prepared by the polymer reaction method. The chiralities of the resulting PSQs in methanol were induced to the anionic achiral porphyrin such as tetraphenylporphine tetrasulfonic acid (TPPS) while maintaining the monomeric state of TPPS, resulting in the observation of fluorescence emission due to TPPS.
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY DURING PERVAPORATIVE AROMA RECOVERY

Abstract The influence of operating temperature on membrane permeability was studied and compared with the effect of temperature on the driving force for permeation. A hydrophobic polyoctylmethyl siloxane membrane was used. For the feed mixture, an aqueous solution of aroma compounds containing four alcohols, one aldehyde, and five esters, all of which are important contributors to apple juice flavor, was used. Temperature had a strong effect on mass transfer and selectivity, both of which increased with increasing temperature. However, the selectivity for a component with a high activation energy for permeation increased more with temperature than did a component with a low activation energy for permeation. This caused a variation in the aroma composition of the permeate. The study showed that it is possible to estimate the activation energy for permeation of aroma compounds, and thus the influence of temperature on the internal mass transfer, through their hydrophobicity, size, and a complementary compa.
Momentum Improves Optimization on Riemannian Manifolds

We develop a new Riemannian descent algo-rithm that relies on momentum to improve over existing ﬁrst-order methods for geodesi-cally convex optimization. In contrast, accelerated convergence rates proved in prior work have only been shown to hold for geodesi-cally strongly-convex objective functions. We further extend our algorithm to geodesically weakly-quasi-convex objectives. Our proofs of convergence rely on a novel estimate sequence that illustrates the dependency of the convergence rate on the curvature of the manifold. We validate our theoretical results empirically on several optimization problems deﬁned on the sphere and on the manifold of positive deﬁnite matrices.
Glow discharge cleaning of stainless steel accelerator beam tubes

Glow discharge cleaning has been employed successfully in the CERN ISR to eliminate beam induced pressure bumps and had been adopted as a final surface treatment for the beam vacuum system of CBA. A glow discharge cleaning facility for beam tubes up to 5.5 m in length has been constructed and is in operation. To ensure efficient and thorough cleaning of the long tubes, a residual gas analyzer was used to monitor the exhaust during cleaning. Quantitative studies of the glow discharge process were performed on several tubes by using Ar or Ar/O2 mixture (0.1 to 10 Pa) and by varying the discharge density (≤30 μA/cm2). The results of the studies, such as the desorption yields of H2O, CO, and CO2 with respect to the accumulated dosage, the depletion of O2 in Ar/O2 mixture, will be reported here. The effect of venting to air and CO2, as well as plasma deposition of carbon will also be discussed.
Cocaine-specific speed-accuracy trade-off during anti-saccade testing differentiates patients with cocaine use disorder who achieve initial abstinence during treatment

Background: The response time speed-accuracy trade-off (SATO) is an established index of information processing ability, but rarely examined as a variable in association with treatment of substance use disorder (SUD). Aim: The purpose of this study was to test baseline information-processing ability differences between individuals who respond to treatment for cocaine use disorder v. those who do not. Methods: Eighty patients enrolled in a clinical trial for cocaine use disorder completed a baseline drug-specific eye-tracking (anti-saccade) assessment prior to treatment, which included trials with both cocaine-related and neutral stimuli. SATO functions were computed for treatment responders v. non-responders. Results: Unexpectedly, responders demonstrated statistically different SATO functions, showing poorer accuracy when executing faster response times. This difference was present on trials that presented cocaine stimuli only. Conclusions: SATO during performance of an eye-movement task may be useful for predicting differential response to substance use disorder treatment. However, in the present study, results were specific to cocaine cues rather than an overall SATO performance decrement.
Aplikasi Karaginan dalam Pembuatan Skin Lotion

The objective of the study is to utilize carrageenan into skin lotion making as a thickener, stabiliser, emulsifier and humectan. The concentration of carrageenan that used were 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. Parameter observed were sensory charracteristic, chemical charracteristic, and physic. Skin lotion made from the best carrageenan concentration stored for 30 days in room temperature, and then compared with other skin lotion added with and without setyl alcohol, and also skin lotion without carrageenan. Parameter observed were skin humidity, sensory charracteristic, physical and chemical charracteristic, and also total microbial after 3 months storage. The results showed that skin lotion with 2% carrageenan has the best quality with parameter sensory of panel preferences was from quite likely until most likely, pH 7,5; viscosity 5675 cP, and emulsion stability was 100%, skin humidity value has the highest percentage and showed the lowest decrease of skin humidity compare with product with and without setyl alcohol, and product without carrageenan. Panel preferences decreased during 30 days storage even physical and chemical charracteristic were in still good condition, pH product tend to be constant, where viscosity increased. After 3 months storage, total microbial was 1,0 x 101 cfu per gram, while the product added with setyl alcohol has no microbial colony. Poduct without setyl alcohol and without carrageenan has 2,0 x 101 cfu per gram. The product is safe to use, where total microbial was below standard of SNI 16-4399-1996 that is 1,0 x 102 cfu per gram.
A New Method of Preparing Copper Oxide from Dinitrourea Copper Salt

A new approach for the preparation of copper nanooxide by solvothermal decomposition of N, N′-dinitrourea copper(II) salt in an aprotic solvent was developed. The resulting particles were studied by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering. The effects of different solvents on shapes of the agglomerates formed are shown.
Postacute Cognitive Rehabilitation for Adult Brain Tumor Patients

Abstract Intrinsic brain tumors often occur within functional neural networks, leading to neurological impairment and disability of varying degrees. Advances in our understanding of tumor-network integration, human cognition and language processing, and multiparametric imaging, combined with refined intraoperative tumor resection techniques, have enhanced surgical management of intrinsic brain tumors within eloquent areas. However, cognitive symptoms impacting health-related quality of life, particularly processing speed, attention, concentration, working memory, and executive function, often persist after the postoperative recovery period and treatment. Multidisciplinary cognitive rehabilitation is the standard of care for addressing cognitive impairments in many neurological diseases. There is promising research to support the use of cognitive rehabilitation in adult brain tumor patients. In this review, we summarize the history and usefulness of postacute cognitive rehabilitation for adult brain tumor patients.
Modified Labile Phosphorus Estimation Method for Arid Ecosystem

A new method for estimation of resin phosphorus (P) in arid soils was developed. Four extractants [hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and sodium bicarbonate] at various concentrations were used by different ion exchange resins. The results clearly showed HCl was the best extractant at 1.0 N concentration and that 6 h was the optimum time for more adsorption. The optimum adsorption and extraction occurred at 200 rpm and 75 rpm, respectively. Basic anion exchange resin in chloride form was the best resin for P mobilization. A strong correlation (P < 0.001) with the P uptake by different arid crops (pearl millet, clusterbean) was observed. Resin P showed correlation with soil total P (P < 0.001), available and mineral P (P < 0.01), and soil organic P (P < 0.05). The present method for resin-P estimation is found to be an important tool to determine plant P availability and available soil P status under arid environments.
Decisional capacity to consent to treatment and research in patients affected by Mild Cognitive Impairment. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES To perform a meta-analysis of clinical studies on the differences in treatment or research decision-making capacity among patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and healthy comparisons (HCs). DESIGN A systematic search was conducted on Medline/Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus. Standardized mean differences and random-effects model were used in all cases. SETTING The United States, France, Japan, and China. PARTICIPANTS Four hundred and ten patients with MCI, 149 with AD, and 368 HCs were included. MEASUREMENTS The studies we included in the analysis assessed decisional capacity to consent by the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MAcCAT-T), MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR), Capacity to Consent to Treatment Instrument (CCTI), and University of California Brief Assessment of Capacity to Consent (UBACC). RESULTS We identified 109 potentially eligible studies from 1672 records, and 7 papers were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that there was significant impairment in a decision-making capacity in MCI patients compared to the HCs group in terms of Understanding (SMD = -1.04, 95% CI: -1.31 to -0.77, P < 0.001; I2 = 52%, P = 0.07), Appreciation (SMD = -0.51, 95% CI: -0.66 to -0.36, P < 0.001; I2 = 0%, P = 0.97), and Reasoning (SMD = -0.62, 95% CI: -0.77, -0.47, P < 0.001; I2=0%, P =0.46). MCI patients scored significantly higher in Understanding (SMD = 1.50, 95% CI: 0.91, 2.09, P = 0.01, I2 = 78%, P = 0.00001) compared to patients affected by AD. CONCLUSIONS Patients affected by MCI are at higher risk of impaired capacity to consent to treatment and research compared to HCs, despite being at lower risk compared to patients affected by AD. Clinicians and researchers need to carefully evaluate decisional capacity in MCI patients providing informed consent.
Comparison of Methods to Quantify Metabolic Rate and Its Relationship with Activity in Larval Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens.

Until recently most studies have focussed on method development for metabolic rate assessment in adult and/or juvenile fish with less focus on measurement of oxygen consumption (ṀO2 ) during early life history stages, including fast growing larval fish and even less focus on non-teleostean species. In the present study we evaluated measurement techniques for standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and aerobic scope (AS) in an Acipenseriform, the lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens, throughout the first year of life. Standardised forced exercise protocols to assess MMR were conducted for 5 or 15 minutes before or after measurement of SMR. We used different levels of oxygen decline during the measurement period of MMR post-forced exercise to understand the influence these may have on the calculation of MMR. Opercular rate and tail beat frequencies were recorded by video as measures of behaviours and compared to metabolic rate recorded over a 24-hour period. Results indicate that calculated values for aerobic scope were lower in younger fish. Neither exercise sequence nor exercise duration influenced metabolic rate measurements in the younger fish, but exercise duration did affect measurement of MMR in older fish. Finally, there was no strong correlation between metabolic rate and the measured behaviours in the Lake Sturgeon at either age. Based on the results, we recommend that a minimum of 6 h acclimation to the respirometry chamber should be given prior to measuring SMR, a chasing protocol to elicit MMR should ideally be performed at the end of experiment, a short chasing time should be avoided to minimize variation and assessment of MMR should balance measurement limitations of the probes along with when and for how long oxygen consumption is measured. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Pseudorabies virus infection in hunting dogs in Oita, Japan: Report from a prefecture free from Aujeszky’s disease in domestic pigs

We isolated two pseudorabies virus (PRV) isolates (designated OT-1 and OT-2) from two hunting dogs exhibiting neurological manifestations after eating the flesh of wild boar hunted in Oita prefecture, Kyushu Island, Japan. The isolates corresponded to a previously reported PRV (MY-1 strain) isolated from a hunting dog in neighboring Miyazaki prefecture, and it clustered into genotype II based on the glycoprotein C sequence. Our results suggest that this common PRV strain may have been maintained in wild boars on Kyushu Island even though domestic pigs in this area have attained an Aujeszky’s disease-free status.
Ex Vivo Expanded Donor Alloreactive Regulatory T Cells Lose Immunoregulatory, Proliferation, and Antiapoptotic Markers After Infusion Into ATG-lymphodepleted, Nonhuman Primate Heart Allograft Recipients

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background. Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy is a promising approach to amelioration of allograft rejection and promotion of organ transplant tolerance. However, the fate of infused Treg, and how this relates to their therapeutic efficacy using different immunosuppressive regimens is poorly understood. Our aim was to analyze the tissue distribution, persistence, replicative activity and phenotypic stability of autologous, donor antigen alloreactive Treg (darTreg) in anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)-lymphodepleted, heart-allografted cynomolgus monkeys. Methods. darTreg were expanded ex vivo from flow-sorted, circulating Treg using activated donor B cells and infused posttransplant into recipients of major histocompatibility complex-mismatched heart allografts. Fluorochrome-labeled darTreg were identified and characterized in peripheral blood, lymphoid, and nonlymphoid tissues and the graft by flow cytometric analysis. Results. darTreg selectively suppressed autologous T cell responses to donor antigens in vitro. However, following their adoptive transfer after transplantation, graft survival was not prolonged. Early (within 2 wk posttransplant; under ATG, tacrolimus, and anti-IL-6R) or delayed (6–8 wk posttransplant; under rapamycin) darTreg infusion resulted in a rapid decline in transferred darTreg in peripheral blood. Following their early or delayed infusion, labeled cells were evident in lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs and the graft at low percentages (<4% CD4+ T cells). Notably, infused darTreg showed reduced expression of immunoregulatory molecules (Foxp3 and CTLA4), Helios, the proliferative marker Ki67 and antiapoptotic Bcl2, compared with preinfusion darTreg and endogenous CD4+CD25hi Treg. Conclusions. Lack of therapeutic efficacy of infused darTreg in lymphodepleted heart graft recipients appears to reflect loss of a regulatory signature and proliferative and survival capacity shortly after infusion.
Coating and spark plasma sintering of nano-sized TiN on alumina particles of different size, shape and structure

TiN-coated Al2O3 particles of different size, shape and crystal structure were prepared by depositing nano-size TiO2 on the Al2O3 surfaces from Ti(O-i-C3H7)4 solution (TiO2 precursor) by controlled hydrolysis, then nitrided with NH3 at 1000°C. Irrespective of the source of Al2O3 particles, a homogeneous TiO2 coating was achieved by heating from 10 to 40°C an ultrasonic suspension of the Al2O3 particles containing the precursor with 1.0 vol% H2O. After nitridation, the Al2O3 grains were coated with 10-20 nm TiN particles. Spark plasma sintering of the TiN/Al2O3 particles at 1500°C and 1600°C yielded the composite ceramics with a relative density of 94-97%. Composite TiN/Al2O3 ceramics with an electrical resistivity of ∼10-2 Ω cm were obtained at 25 vol% TiN composition.