Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monolithically integrated InGaAs PIN-InP JFET amplifier with high sensitivity

Results on a p-i-n diode (PIN)-FET amplifier fabricated with high-performance fully ion-implanted InP JFETs are presented. An undoped InGaAs absorption layer and an Fe-doped semi-insulating InP layer are grown on an n/sup +/InP substrate. A Zn diffusion using evaporated Zn/sub 3/P/sub 2/ and ion implantation are performed on the top layer to form the PIN and FETs, respectively. The fully ion-implanted InP JFET has a transconductance over 100 mS/mm at V/sub gs/=0 with a 3-dB cutoff frequency of about 9 GHz. A complete preamplifier is implemented, consisting of gain and level-shifting buffer stages with an open-loop voltage gain of 5.5. The amplifier uses a novel symmetrical design in which the DC offset is zero at the output. A receiver sensitivity of -36.4 dBm is measured from the integrated PIN-JFET amplifier for 200 Mb/s NRZ (nonreturn-to-zero) optical signals (1.3- mu m wavelength) at 1*10/sup -9/ bit error rate. To the authors' knowledge, this is the best sensitivity reported for a PIN-FET device designed for the 1.3-1.55 mu m wavelength region. >
Double epitaxy improves single-photon avalanche diode performance

A new single-proton avalanche diode (SPAD) with double-epitaxial silicon structure is presented. The device has a time response with short diffusion tail (270 ps time-constant), high resolution (45 ps FWHM, full-width at half maximum of the peak) and low noise, i.e. low-dark-count rate.
Improved algorithm to design weighted minimax quadrature mirror filters

Recently, it was discovered that the weighted least squares algorithm produced quadrature mirror filters with transition-band anomaly when the transition-band width is wide. This results in sub-optimal solutions. In this paper, we propose an improved weighted least squares algorithm to overcome this problem. In our new method, a term is added to the objective function of the weighted least squares optimization problem. This effectively suppresses the oscillatory components in the transition-band of the resulting filter. Significant improvements in the stop-band attenuation of the filters as well as the overall filter bank responses are achieved for such cases.
Antenna covering GSM/PCN/bluetooth and GPS bands

In this article, design and implementation of a monopole antenna covering GSM/PCN/Bluetooth and GPS bands are demonstrated. The antenna is modified from a symmetrical self‐complementary strip‐slot structure. However, one arm of the U‐shaped slot on the ground plane is extended to the rim of the printed circuit board. It is investigated that this extension makes the antenna well matched at a wideband. Without this extension, the antenna can only be worked at three separated narrow bands. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:34–40, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25664
Non-Linear Hysteretic Seabed Model for Catenary Pipeline Contact

This paper presents a new mathematical model of the reaction force normal to the seabed, experienced by a pipeline or catenary riser in contact with the seabed. Such contact is currently often modeled using simple seabed contact models, and it is hoped that improved modeling of the seabed interaction will give more accurate predictions of system behavior, in particular for fatigue analysis. The model uses as its primary data the pipe diameter, the seabed soil shear strength profile with depth and the soil density. Additional parameters, in particular the maximum normalized stiffness of the pipe-soil response following reversal of motion, are used to derive non-linear hyperbolic functions that model the seabed resistance force as a function of the penetration. Different functions are used for the initial penetration, for uplift and for repenetration, and the function parameters are updated each time a penetration reversal occurs. This enables the model to capture the hysteretic behavior of the seabed response and the increasing penetration of the pipe under cycles of load in the vertical plane, although no attempt is made to model softening of the soil due to remolding. The paper documents the model equations and discusses their background and characteristics. The various non-dimensional parameters of the model that are used to control the resistance response are described and their effects are illustrated. The model is intended for use in practical engineering analysis and has been implemented in a commercial riser analysis program (Orcina 2008). The paper compares results obtained using the model against measured results for pipe-seabed interaction from laboratory and harbor experiments. It also presents results of using the model for engineering analysis of a riser under cyclic motions, and compares the resulting fatigue life with that obtained using a simple linear seabed model.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Digital Assignments for Thermo-Fluids Courses

Simulations were used in lecture-based courses, Thermodynamics I and Thermodynamics II, for demonstration purposes and as digital assignments. Digital assignments were separate from the customary pencil & paper homework given once a week. The primary objective was to model the flow and heat transfer in a system, reinforce theoretical concepts, and allow study of more complex two- and three-dimensional problems. Students encounter fluid flow and heat transfer in the sophomore course, Thermodynamics I, for the first time. Velocity, pressure and temperature fields are quite complicated even for simple geometries, hard to visualize, and difficult to understand. Digital assignments go beyond basic theoretical concepts and relatively simple pencil & paper problems. Initially, there were 6 digital assignments in each course. After the first offerings and assessments, the number of assignments is expected to grow to 8–10. Scaffolding of digital assignments ensured that simulations gain in complexity as students become more familiar with both the theoretical underpinnings and the software interface. Our Mechanical Engineering program, has a freshmen graphic communication course incorporating AutoCAD and a junior CAD course with SolidWorks and Ansys. This provided both a challenge and an opportunity for lecture-based thermo-fluids courses positioned ‘in between. ’ Modern computational skills were obtained outside the classroom, and that was accomplished with effective use of an on-line environment. Ansys Fluent was chosen to present and reinforce thermo-fluids fundamentals. Each digital assignment had a mesh, detailed grading criteria, and supplementary documentation. Students worked on the: (1) problem set up in the preprocessor-stage, (2) solver, and (3) postprocessor. This approach helped students (1) understand the flow and heat transfer inside the system as well as the application of conservation of mass and energy, (2) understand and interpret results by comparing them with theoretical and experimental data, (3) develop modern technical skills relevant to the demands of Industry 4.0, and (4) develop research capabilities. Simulations in the classroom and as digital assignments are a representation of the real world, and provide an egalitarian and unrestricted way for students to interact with it, acquiring skills and an appreciation for subject matter as well as the engineering profession. Semester long discussions on various aspects of digital assignments help develop a mentor-mentee bond. This approach to teaching, research and mentoring does not depend on access to laboratory facilities and funding that can reach only a limited number of students. It encourages students’ spirit of inquiry, and ultimately leads to a professional development opportunities beyond the classroom setting.
Capacity and Mutual Information of Wideband

In this paper we will investigate the capacity and mu- tual information of a broadband fading channel consisting of a finite number of time-varying paths. We will show that the ca- pacity of the channel in the wideband limit is the same as that of a wideband Gaussian channel with the same average received power. However, the input signals needed to achieve the capacity must be "peaky" in time or frequency. In particular, we show that if white-like signals are used instead (as is common in spread-spec- trum systems), the mutual information is inversely proportional to the number of resolvable paths with energy spread out, and in fact approaches as the number of paths gets large. This is true even when the paths are assumed to be tracked perfectly at the receiver. A critical parameter is defined in terms of system parameters to delineate the threshold on over which such over- spreading phenomenon occurs. To answer these questions, we study in this paper the capacity and mutual information of multipath fading channels without the a priori assumption of knowledge of the channel at the re- ceiver. We consider a channel having a finite number of paths and a large transmission bandwidth . To state the results we introduce the notion of the number of resolvable paths : This is the number of paths one would see if one could only differ- entiate paths whose delays differ by more than . The fol- lowing three results are presented in this paper: 1) With no restriction on the input signal other than an av- erage power constraint, as the bandwidth gets large, one can achieve communication rates over a multipath fading channel equal to the capacity of an infinite bandwidth additive white Gaussian channel of the same signal-to- noise ratio (SNR) without fading. Moreover, this can be achieved by frequency shift keying and noncoherent de- tection.
THE SCOOT ON-LINE TRAFFIC SIGNAL OPTIMISATION TECHNIQUE

Many large cities have, or plan to have, urban traffic control (utc) systems that centrally monitor and control the traffic signals in their jurisdiction. The present generation of utc systems usually co-ordinates the signals on fixed-time plans, which consist of sets of timings that determine when each signal turns red and green. The plans are precalculated to suit average conditions during each part off the day (e.g. A.M. peak) and do not respond to variations in flows in the network. Since 1973 the UK Transport and Road Research Laboratory has been researching a vehicle responsive method of signal control called SCOOT (split, cycle and offset optimisation technique). Research was carried out in Glasgow by a small team from TRRL and the Ferranti, GEC and Plessey traffic companies, with assistance from Strathclyde Regional Council. In 1976 the success of the research phase led to a development project between the departments of transport and of industry and the three traffic companies. TRRL continued research into SCOOT and in 1979 carried out a full-scale trial of SCOOT in Glasgow. As part of the development project, and with the co-operation of West Midlands County Council, SCOOT was installed in Coventry. A further full-scale trial of the developed system was carried out in 1980. This paper describes the SCOOT system and the results of the trials which compared SCOOT with up-to-date fixed-time systems. It is concluded that SCOOT reduced vehicle delay by an average of about 12 percent during the working day. The surveys demonstrate that scoot rapidly adapts to unusual traffic conditions as well as to the usual variations in demand that occur throughout the day and night. It is an important benefit of SCOOT that there is no need to periodically prepare new fixed-time plans and that the signal timings are automatically kept up-to-date. The traffic model in SCOOT provides real-time information on flows and queues and is likely to be a key element in the development of new traffic management strategies that make the best overall use of roads in urban areas. This paper is a shortened version of TRRL Report LR 1014 (see TRIS 348845). This paper was presented at the IEE's Conference on Road Traffic signalling, Londong, March 1982. See also TRIS abstracts 368871 and 368872. (TRRL)
Analysis of High Dimensionality Yeast Gene Expression Data Using Data Mining

Data Mining is the process of discovering interesting knowledge from large amounts of data stored either in databases, data warehouses, or other information repositories. From biological studies, the Yeast Proteome Database (YPD) is a model for the organization and presentation of genome-wide functional data. Accordingly, a yeast gene expression which is a unicellular DNA is selected which contains 6103 genes and the database combined with a number of related dataset to create a general dataset. DNA-binding transcriptional regulators interpret the genome’s regulatory code by binding to specific sequences to induce or repress gene expression. The gene products including RNA and protein are responsible for the development and functioning of all living membranes by 2 steps process, transcription and translation. Various transcription factors control gene transcription by binding to the promoter regions. Translation is the production of proteins from mRNA produced in transcription. In this study, out of the 169 transcription factors known to access yeast, we are considering those thought to be involved in the response of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2). They are 22 transcription factors. Each one is partitioned to 3 parts: TF with No H2O2, TF with Low H2O2 and TF with High H2O2. The aim of this paper was to enhance the effectiveness of the integration of hydrogen peroxide response data related to yeast gene expression data to obtain a protein response process model and to label a set of important genes related to this approach.
ROLE OF GENE XPERT AND LIQUID CULTURE IN DIAGNOSIS OF EXTRA PULMONAR TUBERCULOSIS

INTRODUCTION: Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for 15- 25% of all TB cases. It is more difficult to diagnose than Pulmonary tuberculosis and often requires invasive procedures to obtain tissue and or fluid samples. Histology is time-consuming and establishing a diagnosis of TB with high specificity remains difficult. Tissue smear microscopy after special staining is often negative. Tissue culture often leads to considerable delays compromising patient care and outcomes. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To diagnose Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Gene Xpert(Xpert MTB/Rif assay or CBNAAT) and Liquid Cultures. 2. To evaluate the Sensitivity and Specificity of Gene Xpert in Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis in comparison with Liquid Culture MGIT960 system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out by reviewing all suspected extra pulmonary tuberculosis samples of 430 patients attending OPD at Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jaipur from April 2020 to March 2021. The extrapulmonary samples (pleural fluid, CSF, pus, BAL, Ascitic fluid, Synovial fluid, Gastric aspirate, Liver aspirate) were subjected to GeneXpert and Liquid culture MGIT960 system. RESULTS: Of the 430 Extra Pulmonary Samples, The Sensitivity and Specificity of CBNAAT was 79.77% and 95.30% respectively in comparison with Liquid Culture. Out of the 430 Samples CBNAAT was Positive in 87 samples of which 71(81.60%) were Rifampicin sensitive and 16(18.39%) were Rifampicin Resistant. Out of the 430 Samples, Liquid cultures was Positive in 89 samples. CONCLUSION: Gene Xpert has a notable advantage of detecting tuberculosis within two hours which is acceptable to all clinicians to institute early treatment. CBNAAT is one of the rapid diagnostic tests available in the country and it should be routinely used under the public and private health sector effectively to detect early tuberculosis in Extra Pulmonary Samples.
A novel vibration system based on instantaneous motion centre for high accuracy dynamic balancing measurement of outboard rotor

Abstract To overcome the disadvantages of the traditional vibration system used in a horizontal dynamic balancing machine, based on the principle of the instantaneous motion centre in theoretical mechanics, a novel two-degree-of-freedom vibration system comprising two non-parallel four-bar linkages in series is designed to improve the plane separation effect and minimum achievable residual unbalance for dynamic balancing measurement of an outboard rotor. The structure characteristics and unbalancing response of this vibration system are analysed in depth. The plane separation equations are derived. Theoretical analyses show that this vibration system integrates the advantages of both the overhanging beam structure and simple-supported beam structure, and its vibration centre keeps at the instantaneous motion centres, with the result that the balancing efficiency and plane separation performances are improved. Moreover, to improve the sensitivity of the vibration system, the distance between measuring planes is increased by adjusting the angles of two four-bar linkages. The transducers are installed on the same measuring plane; thus, the performance difference in transducers caused by environment fluctuation is reduced and the force coupling effect is eliminated. The result for this vibration system in long-term operation is a more accurate measurement with a lower requirement for a second correction run. The final experimental results validate the superiority of this vibration system in plane separation performance, minimum achievable residual unbalance, and repeatability.
Financial Barriers and Response Strategies to Support Women Entrepreneurs in Rural Nigeria

ii Dedication.iii Acknowledgements.iv List of Tables.viii List of Figures.viii Chapter 1: Introduction.1 1.1. Background.1 1.2. Research Questions.2 1.3. Significance of the Study.3 1.4. Structure of the Thesis.4 Chapter 2: Literature Review.6 2.1. Status of Women in Nigeria.6 2.2. Women Entrepreneurs in Developing Economies.7 2.3. Capitalization of Women-Owned Businesses in Rural Nigeria.9 2.4. Financial Inclusion and Digital Financial Services.12 2.5. Small Business Financial Support Programs.17 2.5. 1. Efficacy of Small Business Financial Support Policies and Programs.18 2.6. Theory and Practice: Resource-Based and Social Feminist Theory.20 2.6. 1. Resource-Based Theory.21 2.6. 2. Social Feminist Theory.23
Optical fiber loop memory using vertical to surface transmission electro-photonic device

An optical fiber loop memory is proposed, using a photonic switch device of a vertical to surface transmission electro-photonic device. The photonic switch works as an optical pulse repeater. The operation stability as the memory was analyzed, and more than 30 minutes storage time has been realized. The maximum operational clock was as high as 20 MHz. This memory may be a part of the future optical computer. >
Penggunaan Fuzzy Logic Control Untuk Kestabilan Solar Sel Dengan Menggunakan Matlab

Solar cell are currently needed and have been widely used in Indonesia asan alternative energy to help supply energy. This energy reliability will be moreeffective if the maximum power usage is monitored by measurement andsimulation. FLC is carried out to test the correctness of the value of thesimulink module block with solar cell panels, namely short circuit currenttesting and open circuit voltage testing. The simulation was carried out withirradiation of 1000 W/m2 and a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius withtechnical data of solar cell panels.Result of test the solar panel system that is connected to the load usingthe MPPT system, it is carried out with the same irradiation and temperaturevalues as in the simulation without MPPT. In the system also installed a load inthe form of a resistor. Based on the test results without MPPT, to reach themaximum power point, the FLC output is expected to be close to the value ofthe duty cycle of 1% to 35%.
Ancillary Services in Electric Power Systems with HVDC Grids

An electrical power system is intended to transmit power from generation to load. To do so, it needs ancillary services to guarantee a certain level of reliability and quality. With the emergence of DC grids, it becomes necessary to ask what ancillary services they may themselves require, and how DC grids should be required to interact with the remainder of the system. This study defines a first basic set of ancillary services for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) grids which did not exist so far, and it shows that this development could affect the ancillary services in AC grids. This study describes how the origin of ancillary services can change if an HVDC grid is added to the existing AC grids and gives an overview of existing definitions for ancillary services.
Distribution of Contact Stresses in Square Ring under Uniform Squeeze Rate and Internal Pressure byPhotoelastic Experimental Hybrid Method

A large number of sealing rings have been developed, usually possessing different cross sectional configurations. The common configurations include the O-ring, square ring, D-ring and X-ring. The square ring has over the past few years been used as an alternative sealing element to the O-ring. The square ring geometry is believed to be especially suitable for axial static applications because its square form remains practically constant under high pressures, not sensitive to gap extrusion, has a high resistance to extrusion, and high leak tightness. The fundamental properties that are crucial in the design of a square ring can be justified by analyzing the stress distribution of the square ring under a combined loading of uniform squeeze and internal pressure. In order to justify these properties a stress frozen square ring under this combined loading condition of uniform squeeze rate and internal pressure was analyzed using the photoelastic experimental hybrid method to obtain the contact and internal stresses. This research found that contrary to the established theory, the square ring extrudes at a very lower pressure because of its sharp corners. It was also noted that photoelastic experimental hybrid method can adequately be used for stress analysis of square ring seals. Internal pressure plays a significant role in the design of the seals. Maximum internal stresses were observed in the region close to the extrusion gap. The square ring experienced contact stress singularity on the upper end of the contact surface and on the front side close to the extrusion gap.
Three-point method of prediction of MOS device response in space environments

A method for low-dose-rate MOS device response prediction based on the linear dependence between positive oxide charge anneal and interface states build-up is presented and experimentally verified. A linear relationship is seen to exist between the build-up of slow interface states and oxide trapped hole annealing. The physical explanation of the correlation between the number of trapped holes annealed and the number of interface states generated can be given in both hydrogen and trapped hole conversion models on a phenomenological basis. It is suggested that there is a one-to-K/sub Oi/ relationship (where K/sub Oi/ is some phenomenological constant) between the number of trapped holes annealed and the number of interface states generated. >
A novel technique for high impedance fault identification

A novel technique using wavelet analysis filter banks (WAFB) to identify distribution high impedance faults (HIFs) is presented. A new model of HIF is used. HIFs and capacitor bank switching operations are simulated by the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) and their current signals are studied. High frequency components with the time localization information of both HIFs and capacitor bank switching operations are obtained using WAFB and their behavior is differentiated clearly. Results demonstrate that WAFB can be used as an element in a HIF detector for fast and accurate identification of distribution HIFs.