Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bioactivity of toothpaste containing bioactive glass in remineralizing media: effect of fluoride release from the enzymatic cleavage of monofluorophosphate.

Abstract Objectives. The aim was to introduce a new methodology to characterize toothpaste containing bioactive glass and to evaluate the effect of release of fluoride ions, by cleaving monofluorophosphate (MFP), on the mineral forming ability of Sensodyne Repair & Protect (SRP). which contains NovaMinTM (bioactive glass, 45S5 composition). Methods. SRP, NovaMin particles, and placebo paste (PLA) which did not contain NovaMin, were immersed into a remineralization media (RS), which mimics the ionic strength of human saliva, for 3 days with different concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 0, 25 and 75 U.L−1. Ion concentration profiles and pH were monitored by ICPOES and F− ion selective electrode. Remaining solids were collected by freeze-drying and their surfaces analysed. Results. Hydroxyapatite (HA) formed on the surface of BG alone (after 1 h) and in toothpaste (after 2 h), whereas PLA did not induce any precipitation. ALP cleaved MFP at different rates depending on the enzyme concentration. Increasing the concentration of ALP from 0 and 75 U.L−1 reduced the time of HA formation from 2 h to 24 h. However, the presence of fluoride induced the precipitation of fluorapatite. No evidence of fluorite (CaF2) was observed. The apatite formation ability of toothpaste can be assessed using the presented method.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF COCOA POD ASH BLENDED SANDCRETE BLOCKS PRODUCED IN OSOGBO, NIGERIA

The problem of non-uniformity in the sandcrete blocks production process practiced across the broad spectrum by manufacturers and the desire to improve profit in the face of dwindling resources and inflationary pressure of price of raw materials leads to the production of sandcrete blocks of low quality. This work investigates the use of Cocoa Pod Husk Ash (CPHA) as an additive in sandcrete block production. The effect of CPHA addition on compressive strength of locally produced sandcrete blocks from three different sources within Osogbo was investigated at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% CPHA replacement by weight of cement. It was revealed that the compressive strength of blocks produced increased by more than 400%. This is encouraging and further work on developing the practice business model is being undertaken to completely convince the local manufacturers of the importance of using this additive to produce better sandcrete blocks, than presently available in the market.
Activation energy and spectroscopy of the growth of germanium films by ultraviolet laser‐assisted chemical vapor deposition

Emission and absorption spectroscopic studies of a reactor used to grow germanium thin films by photodissociating GeH4 at 248 nm with an excimer laser are described here. For every Ge or GeH (A→X) transition examined, the dependence of the emission line intensity on pump laser fluence was found to be quadratic, indicating that Ge and GeH have a common precursor which is itself produced by the simultaneous absorption of two 5‐eV photons. This conclusion is supported by the known photochemistry of SiH4 and CH4 in the ultraviolet and the laser wavelength and intensity thresholds for the growth of Ge films. The short (∼2 μs) lifetime of GeH2 in the reactor suggests that the immediate precursor to Ge and GeH is the germyl radical, GeH3. The activation energy for Ge film growth in the temperature range 300≤T≤500 K has been measured to be 2.0±0.5 kcal/mole which suggests that the limiting mechanisms for the film growth rate are a gas‐phase reaction and surface desorption of residual gases rather than surface dif.
Modeling the Fluid Phase Behavior of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Solutions of Monoethanolamine Using Transferable Parameters with the SAFT-VR Approach

The current method of choice for large-scale carbon dioxide (CO2) capture is amine-based chemisorption, typically in packed columns, with the benchmark solvent being aqueous solutions of a primary alkanolamine: monoethanolamine (MEA). In this contribution, we use the statistical associating fluid theory for potentials of variable range (SAFT-VR) to describe the fluid phase behavior of MEA + H2O + CO2 mixtures. The physical chemistry of CO2 in aqueous solutions of amines is highly complex owing to the chemical equilibria between the various species that are formed in solution at ambient conditions. We explicitly consider the multifunctional nature of MEA and, in so doing, are able to represent accurately the thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria of this highly nonideal mixture over a wide range of temperatures, pressures, and compositions. MEA is modeled as an associating chain molecule formed from homonuclear spherical segments with six distinct association sites incorporated to mediate the asymme.
Fabrication of Nanostructured Manganese Oxide Electrode with M13 Phage Template

Applications of biotechnology in drug delivery and medical instrumentation and energy storage have been gaining popularity. Especially, utilization of biotechnology for energy storage is attracting attention due to its environmentally friendly nature and cost efficiency. In this project, a filamentous bacteriophage, M13, to fabricate metal oxide battery electrodes. M13 phage is 6.5 nm wide and 800 nm long, and can act as a template to produce nano-sized metal oxide particles. A method to prepare manganese oxide electrodes was developed, where the phage is integrated with the oxide into a nanocomposite. The composite material was used to make a high capacity electrode for lithium ion batteries. The M13 templated manganese oxide, Mn3O4, could deliver a high initial capacity of 766 mAh/g, and recorded a stabilized discharge capacity of ~800 mAh/g even after 60 cycles.
On the Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Alcohols

In spite of the numerous industrial processes developed for the hydrogenation of various organic substances with the aid of catalytic materials, but little work has been accomplished on the determination of the mass action equilibrium constants of organic substances which undergo thermal dissociation. Thus in the dissociation of ethyl alcohol into acetaldehyde and hydrogen, or of isopropyl alcohol into acetone and hydrogen, two reactions widely employed, the dependance of the degree of the dissociation on the temperature is unknown. Sabatier (‘La Catalyse en Chimie Organique’) states (p. 82) that acetaldehyde is easily hydrogenated at 140°C. and acetone at a temperature of 115° to 125°C. utilising nickel as a catalytic agent. At higher temperatures, however, 200° to 350°C. , acetone is not hydrogenated to isopropyl alcohol, but methyl isobutylketone and diisobutylketone are produced. Again (p. 161) ethyl alcohol undergoes rapid dehydrogenation at a copper surface within the temperature range 200° to 350°C. ; at 420°C. the acetaldehyde produced undergoes decomposition. Isopropyl alcohol in contact with the same catalytic agent slowly commences to undergo dehydrogenation at 150°C. , dehydrogenation being rapid at 250° to 430°C.
Well-posedness for a general class of quasilinear evolution equations - with applications to Maxwell's equations

Our objective is to undertake a first step towards a systematic investigation of the well-posedness for a wide class of nonlinear Maxwell equations. Our tool of choice is an approach outlined by Tosio Kato (1975) for the analysis of quasi- linear evolution equations using operator semigroups. We will prove an abstract result, that can be applied to both, a wide class of non- linear Maxwell equations, as well as to their corresponding quasilinear wave equations.
Fixed‐Bed Multi‐Tubular Reactors for Oxidative Dehydrogenation in Ethylene Process

An industrial-scale reactor for ethylene production was modeled using the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODHE) in a multi-tubular reactor system, examining a variety of parameters affecting reactor performance. The model showed that a double-bed multi-tubular reactor with intermediate air injection scheme was superior to a single-bed design, due to the increased ethylene selectivity while operating under lower oxygen partial pressures. The optimized reactor length for 100 % oxygen conversion was theoretically determined for both reactor designs. The use of a distributed oxygen feed with a limited number of injection points indicated a significant improvement on the reactor performance in terms of ethane conversion and ethylene selectivity. This concept also overcame the reactor runaway temperature problem and enabled operations over a wider range of conditions to obtain enhanced ethylene production.
Extraction of Total Phenolics of Sour Cherry Pomace by High Pressure Solvent and Subcritical Fluid and Determination of the Antioxidant Activities of the Extracts

Abstract High pressure liquid extraction (HPE) and subcritical fluid (CO2+ethanol) extraction (SCE) were used for the extraction of total phenolic compounds (TPC) from sour cherry pomace. Antiradical efficiency (AE) of the extracts was also determined. Ethanol was the solvent for HPE and co‐solvent for SCE. Combinations of pressure (50, 125, 200 MPa), temperature (20, 40, 60°C), solid/solvent ratio (0.05, 0.15, 0.25 g/ml) and extraction time (10, 25, 40 min) were variables for HPE according to the Box‐Behnken experimental design. The variables used for SCE were pressure (20, 40, 60 MPa), temperature (40, 50, 60°C), ethanol concentration (14, 17, 20 wt%) and extraction time (10, 25, 40 min). For HPE, TPC, and AE at the optimum conditions (176–193 MPa, 60°C, 0.06–0.07 g solid/ml solvent, 25 min) were found as 3.80 mg gae/g sample and 22 mg DPPH•/g sample, respectively. TPC and AE at the optimum conditions (54.8–59 MPa, 50.6–54.4°C, 20 wt% ethanol, 40 min) for SCE were determined as 0.60 mg gae/g sample and 2.30 mg DPPH•/g sample for sour cherry pomace, respectively.
An Empirical Approach to Introduce the Relationship between Blast-Induced Vibration and Rock Mass Condition in Tunneling

Blast-induced vibration is one of the engineering and public concerns in civil engineering and mining projects. Peak particle velocity (PPV) has been commonly adopted as a parameter to characterize ground vibration since 1950s. Most conventional empirical models relate PPV to a term called scaled-distance (SD) which depends the charge rate per delay and the distance between detonation and monitoring point. The PPV and SD are plotted in a logarithm-logarithm space and they are often fitted by a linear model despite the fact that the data could be quite scattered. It can be seen clearly that information such as the properties of rocks and explosives was not taken into account in the empirical equation. However, these parameters could be substantially varied in a project over a large area (for instance a long tunnel). Overor underestimation of PPV for a given SD is very uncommon. In this investigation, attempts have been made to consider of the effect of rock mass condition on PPV by incorporating a rock mass characterization index into the empirical model. A case study of tunnel blasting in granite with different rock mass quality ranges is used as an example. An empirical relations including the rock mass quality have been proposed and validated by the vibration data collected from the project. The results show less scattered plots of the data and a better prediction of PPV.
The Characteristics of Asphalt Modified With FCC Slurry Oil

Heavy oil fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important heavy oil upgrading, and FCC slurry oil with a high content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon would be associated in this process. The effective utilization of FCC slurry oil is a realistic and meaningful subject. Here, FCC slurry oil modified asphalt (FCCMA) was prepared by blending FCC slurry oil, commercial road asphalt, and tackifier, and the performance of FCCMA has been investigated. The experimental results showed that the penetration decreased, the softening point increased, and the temperature sensitivity performance was improved with adding FCC slurry oil and tackifier to commodity base asphalt. Moreover, the rheological behavior and viscosity temperature relationship have been discussed. Finally, the surface microstructure of the FCCMA has been observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). As can be seen from the AFM images, tackifier could increase the surface convex “bees” structure of FCCMA which improved the low-temperature viscosity, but the surface convex “bees” structure disappeared with the increasing of temperature because of the dilution of FCC slurry oil for the 70# base asphalt. Therefore, the viscosity of FCCMA was smaller with the comparison of corresponding base asphalt at higher temperature. So the FCCMA has the characteristics of warm mixed asphalt, which could be prepared by blending arbitrary base asphalt with FCC slurry oil through the formulation optimization.
Isotopic discrimination during litter decomposition and δ13C and δ15N soil profiles in a young artificial stand and in an old floodplain forest

In the present study, rates of litter decomposition and microbial biomass nitrogen were monitored over an 8-month period in a young broadleaf plantation (18 y) and in an old floodplain forest. Moreover, δ13C and δ15N temporal variations within soil profiles were evaluated at both sites. Rates of litter decomposition were higher in spring and autumn than in summer, in both forests. At the end of the observation period the percentage of original litter remaining was not statistically different between the young and the old forest and accounted for 60–70% of the original amount. Microbial biomass nitrogen in the remaining litter and the percentage of litter mass lost during decomposition were positively correlated. The difference in litter quality affected the decomposition rate and also the changes in carbon isotopic composition during the decomposition process. In contrast, 15N isotopic signatures showed a similar trend in the litter of the two forests irrespective of the litter quality. Although δ13Csoil and δ15Nsoil showed considerable temporal variation they increased with depth in the soils of both sites but their seasonal changes did not reflect those of the decomposing litter. Within the same soil horizon, both δ13C and δ15N showed similar seasonal trends in the soils of the two forests, suggesting the involvement of environmental factors acting at regional level, such as soil temperature and rainfall variations, in regulating seasonal δ13C and δ15N soil variations. # Revised version of a paper presented at the 1st Joint European Stable Isotope Users Group Meeting (JESIUM), August, 30 to September, 3, 2004, Vienna, Austria.
Cyclic diperoxides as sources of radicals for the initiation of the radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate

Thermolysis of cyclic diperoxides gave radicals. When solution polymerization of MMA was initiated by acetone cyclic diperoxide transfer to solvent was the dominant feature of the initiation process. However, transfer in the bulk polymerization of MMA was not a significant feature. Initiation of polymerization of MMA in solution by dibenzyl ketone cyclic diperoxide occurred at lower temperatures, and also aromatic end groups, derived from initiation by benzyl radicals, could be detected by 1H NMR.
Structural studies on bio-active compounds. Part 25. Synthesis and properties of potential metabolites of the diaminopyrimidine antifolate 2,4-diamino-5-(3-azido-4-chlorophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidine (MZPES)

A series of potential metabolites of the antitumour diaminopyrimidine m-azidopyrimethamine (2, MZP) has been prepared. Selective reduction of the nitro substituent of the nitropyrimidine 3-oxide 8, prepared by performic acid oxidation and diazotisation–azidation of the resulting amine N-oxide 10, afforded MZP 3-oxide 11. Direct oxidation of compound 2 with performic acid gave compound 11 and the isomeric 1-oxide 12, without azide decomposition. Sodium tungstate-catalysed oxidation of 2, 4-diamino-5-(3-amino-4-chlorophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidine (3, MAP) furnished the corresponding nitropyrimidine 6 and its 3-oxide 8. Protection of the hydroxyl substituent of 6-(1-hydroxyethyl)pyrimethamine 13 as the heptafluorotolyl ether enabled successful aromatic nitration, but hydrogenolysis to afford 3 occurred upon reduction with hydrazine–Raney nickel.Although the nitropyrimidine 3-oxide 8 retained inhibitory activity, other putative MZP metabolites were all markedly less active than the parent azide 2 as inhibitors of rat liver dihydrofolate reductase, consistent with the short biological half-life required for the antifolate in vivo.
Studies on Constituents of Crude Drugs. XV. New Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids from Ligularia dentata

Four new pyrrolizidine alkaloids, ligularidine, neoligularidine, ligularizine and ligularinine, were isolated together with the known compound clivorine from the roots and aerial parts of Ligularia dentata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of the spectral data and chemical conversion of clivorine into these alkaloids. A useful epoxidation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids was achieved by using performic acid.
Two General Methods for the Synthesis of Thiol-Functional Polycaprolactones

We report here two different methods for preparing thiol-functional polymers. The first method consists of esterifying the hydroxyl-terminated polyesters with a thiol-protected mercaptoacetic acid. The Sangers reagent (2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene) was used to protect the mercaptoacetic acid and was removed with mercaptoethanol under mild conditions. The second technique involves the preparation of a protected thiol-functional initiator, the α-(2,4-dinitrophenylthio)ethanol, that could then be used in the polymerization of e-caprolactone. This “functionalization from initiation” technique could also lead to the preparation of well-defined multibranched polymers with a thiol group at the focal point after the polymerization with a mercapto-initiator carrying dihydroxy or tetrahydroxy functionalities as initiating sites. The ultimate motivation in the preparation of such functional polymers is to elaborate nanocomposites by using the polymers as macroligands in the synthesis of nanoparticles.
Microroughness and Composition of Cyanide-Treated CuInS2

The effect of KCN etching on morphology and stoichiometry of polycrystalline and single crystalline CulnS 2 surfaces was investigated. The changes of the morphology were observed by in situ and ex situ studies using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The in situ investigations of the Cu-rich grown polyerystalline samples were interrupted several times in order to follow the process of CuS dissolution. Quantitative evaluation of the AFM images allowed us to determine the roughness before and after the treatment. While single crystalline samples were strongly attacked by the KCN solution, the polycrystalline CulnS 2 was subjected to roughening only after prolonged etching treatments. The composition of the CulnS 2 surface was examined by ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. By a depth profiling of the copper-to-indium ratio, it was found that the etching process results in an indium-rich composition of the surface. Furthermore, the chemical reactions leading to CuS and CulnS 2 dissolution are discussed.
MODELING AND FISSION CROSS SECTIONS FOR AMERICIUM.

This is the final report of the work performed under the LANL contract on the modeling and fission cross section for americium isotopes (May 2004-June 2005). The purpose of the contract was to provide fission cross sections for americium isotopes with the nuclear reaction model code EMPIRE 2.19. The following work was performed: (1) Fission calculations capability suitable for americium was implemented to the EMPIRE-2.19 code. (2) Calculations of neutron-induced fission cross sections for {sup 239}Am to {sup 244g}Am were performed with EMPIRE-2.19 for energies up to 20 MeV. For the neutron-induced reaction of {sup 240}Am, fission cross sections were predicted and uncertainties were assessed. (3) Set of fission barrier heights for each americium isotopes was chosen so that the new calculations fit the experimental data and follow the systematics found in the literature.
XRS analysis of sulphides by fusion methods

A method is described for the XRS fusion analysis of mineral and plant concentrates containing sulphides (e.g. PbS, ZnS, CuFeS2 and FeS2) together with slags, mattes, fumes and drosses. The method involves a short pre-oxidation treatment using sodium nitrate, followed by fusion with an appropriate heat source. Losses of S by volatilization and of metals into the platinum crucibles are acceptably small for general assay purposes.
POPULATION GENETICS OF WHITE-NEST SWIFTLET

To address bird nest farming development in Vietnam today, a study on the population genetics of white-nest swiftlet subspecies in Vietnam was conducted under the scientific research project “Science-based research and propose solutions for sustainable development in the bird nest farming in Vietnam”, which was carried out by Khanh Hoa Salanganes Nest Company in coordination with the Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University. White-nest swiftlets (Aerodramus fuciphagus) are birds of high economic value from their nests. Island and house swiftlets were collected from 5 geographical areas: Khanh Hoa, Trang Bom Dong Nai, Kien Giang, Binh Phuoc, and Con Dao between 01/2012 6/2014. Phylogeographic trees were constructed based on four algorithms, Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood, Bayesian Inference and Neighbour Joining using cytochrome b (mitochondrial DNA), and GAPDH (genomic DNA) from the subspecies Aerodramus fuciphagus in combination with sequences from GenBank. Haplotype network was built based on Network use Netwoek Draw. The results showed that Vietnamese whitenest swiftlet was classified into two major groups. The samples from Trang Bom Dong Nai, Binh Phuoc, and Kien Giang have close relationship with the subspecies A. fuciphagus amechanus and A. fuciphagus vestitus. Island swiftlets from Khanh Hoa and Con Dao show clear separation from the subspecies in Trang Bom Dong Nai, Kien Giang, Binh Phuoc and subspecies data from GenBank. A common haplotype was shared by the house-switflet populations from Khanh Hoa, Trang Bom Dong Nai, Binh Phuoc, Kien Giang and subspecies vestitus, germanium and amechanus. Analyses based on gene Cyt-b and GAPDH show that population in Trang Bom Dong Nai is A. fuciphagus vestitus, the Kien Giang population is probably A. fuciphagus amechanus, and, the population from Khanh Hoa and Con Dao is likely endemic subspecies in Vietnam.
Running head: MORAL FOUNDATIONS THEORY

Where does morality come from? Why are moral judgments often so similar across cultures, yet sometimes so variable? Is morality one thing, or many? Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) was created to answer these questions. In this chapter we describe the origins, assumptions, and current conceptualization of the theory, and detail the empirical findings that MFT has made possible, both within social psychology and beyond. Looking toward the future, we embrace several critiques of the theory, and specify five criteria for determining what should be considered a foundation of human morality. Finally, we suggest a variety of future directions for MFT and for moral psychology.
Tag and Neighbor based Recommender systems for Medical events

This paper presents an extension of a multifactor recommendation approach based on user tagging with term neighbours. Neighbours of words in tag vectors and documents provide for hitting larger set of documents and not only those matching with direct tag vectors or content of the documents. Tag popularity, tag representativeness and tag similarity are applied similarly as in the original approach but also to neighbours. By doing so, we treat the documents which have been added to the result set by considering word neighbours in the same way as the others. This provides an advantage in the situations where the quality of tags is lower. We discuss the approach on the examples from the existing Medworm system to indicate the usefulness of the approach.