Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CGAcc: A Compressed Sparse Row Representation-Based BFS Graph Traversal Accelerator on Hybrid Memory Cube

Graph traversal is widely used in map routing, social network analysis, causal discovery and many more applications. Because it is a memory-bound process, graph traversal puts significant pressure on the memory subsystem. Due to poor spatial locality and the increasing size of today’s datasets, graph traversal consumes an ever-larger part of application execution time. One way to mitigate this cost is memory prefetching, which issues requests from the processor to the memory in anticipation of needing certain data. However, traditional prefetching does not work well for graph traversal due to data dependencies, the parallel nature of graphs and the need to move vast amounts of data from memory to the caches. In this paper, we propose a compressed sparse row representation-based graph accelerator on the Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC), called CGAcc. CGAcc combines Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) graph representation with in-memory prefetching and processing to improve the performance of graph traversal. Our approach integrates the prefetching and processing in the logic layer of a 3D stacked Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM) architecture, based on Micron’s HMC. We selected HMC to implement CGAcc because it can provide quite high bandwidth and low access latency. Furthermore, this device has multiple DRAM layers connected to internal logic to control memory access and perform rudimentary computation. Using the CSR representation, CGAcc deploys prefetchers in the HMC to exploit the short transaction latency between the logic and DRAM layers. By doing this, it can also avoid large data movement costs. In the runtime, CGAcc pipelines the prefetching to fetch data from DRAM arrays to improve memory-level parallelism. To further reduce the access latency, several optimized internal caches are also introduced to hold the prefetched data to be Processed In-Memory (PIM). A comprehensive evaluation shows the effectiveness of CGAcc. Experimental results showed that, compared to a conventional HMC main memory equipped with a stream prefetcher, CGAcc achieved an average 3.51× speedup with moderate hardware cost.
FEDERAL BUDGET RULES

In its 2009 fiscal year, the United States will experience a federal budget deficit that could reach 12 percent of GDP or more,1 an event unprecedented since the end of World War II.At the same time, long-term fiscal imbalances loom ever larger, as the ongoing demographic shift raises the old-age dependency ratio and medical expenditures continue to rise rapidly. Much of this year’s deficit is attributable to the very severe recession, as a consequence of both automatic stabilizers and countercyclical discretionary fiscal policy actions already taken. But the US fiscal position had deteriorated even before the onset of recession at the end of 2007, as the federal budget surpluses of a decade ago gave way to substantial deficits that reached around 3.5 percent of GDP during the healthy fiscal years of 2003 and 2004.
Comparison of High Speed & Low Power Techniques GDI & McCMOS in Full Adder Design

-In modern era, VLSI technology has focussed for enhancing the performance, less power requirement and high speed of any digital circuit. Due to scaling style, power dissipation, propagation delay and transistor count (area) need to be concern by VLSI designer as per the application. Any digital circuit whose performance affect the entire system performance need to be focused more for power consumption and delay. Full adder is such circuit of great interest and whose modification would directly or indirectly effect the performance of entire system. Thus, reducing the power dissipation of full adder will ultimately reduce the power dissipation of the system. It is used for many application such as digital signal processing, microprocessor, and in data processing unit. Now-a-days, numerous efficient techniques are used for designing a VLSI circuit. This paper describes the design and analysis of full adder using two technique GDI (Gate Diffusion Input) and McCMOS (Multi-Channel CMOS) and comparing on the bases of different constraints such as power, propagation delay, pdp (power delay product), area and the performance of two. Even though both are low power and high speed techniques but it is observed that McCMOS style of designing have 8.09% less power dissipation and approx. 10.5% reduced power delay product as compared to GDI in a full adder design. But it is also observed that number of transistor is much more less in GDI as compared to McCMOS All the simulation results are carried out by using tanner EDA tool on 45nm technology.
Strain engineering in epitaxial La1−xSr1+xMnO4 thin films

We have synthesized epitaxial thin films of La1−xSr1+xMnO4 with x = 0.0 and x = 0.5 by pulsed laser deposition on NdGaO3 and LaSrAlO4 substrates with different lattice mismatch. X-ray analysis shows that these layered doped manganites can be grown fully strained allowing to tune the lattice degrees of freedom which otherwise are a function of chemical composition x. Since the crystal structure is strongly coupled to the magnetic, orbital, and charge degrees of freedom in the doped manganites, the demonstrated strain engineering is the base for an extrinsic control of, e.g., charge-orbital order.
Palladium Particles Modiﬁed by Mixed-Frequency Square-Wave Potential Treatment to Enhance Electrocatalytic Performance for Formic Acid Oxidation

: Palladium catalysts have attracted widespread attention as advanced electrocatalysts for the formic acid oxidation (FAO) due to their excellent electrocatalytic activity and relatively high abundance. At present, electrodeposition methods have been widely developed to prepare small-sized and highly-dispersed Pd electrocatalysts. However, the customary use of surfactants would introduce heterogeneous impurities, which requires complicated removal processes. In this work, we reported a two-step electrochemical method that employed square-wave potential treatment (SWPT) to modify electrodeposited Pd particles without the use of capping agents. Under the SWPT with a mixed frequency, Pd particles show signiﬁcantly reduced size and more dispersed distribution, exhibiting a high mass activity of 1.43 A mg − 1 toward FAO, which is 4.6 times higher than the counterpart of commercial Pd/C. The increase in electrocatalytic activity of FAO is attributed to the highly developed surface of palladium particles uniformly distributed over the support surface.
Software module based on lifetime analysis for a predictive maintenance decision-support system

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to introduce a software module based on lifetime analysis to provide useful information in the decision making of preventive maintenance tasks. The speci(cid:28)c role of this software is to predict future values of a condition monitoring variable, to evaluate the future probability of failure, and to report information on the remaining lifetime of the targeted component and thus to contribute to the decision-making in the preventive maintenance tasks. Design/methodology/approach: The software module is integrated by two main sub-modules that are fed by historical data to estimate the selected statistical models, which are then used to perform prediction from the current data available. Finally, the outcomes of the modules are sent to the central system, where the decision-making process is accomplished. Findings: The information provided by the software comprises, estimates of the parameters of the underlying lifetime model and prediction of the failure probability and the residual lifetime of a target device of a machine. Practical implications: Increase availability and maintainability. Social implications: Reduction failure-related accidents, of energy consump-tion. Originality/value: This software module can be used and integrated to any central system to predict the failure probability and generating report to preventive maintenance in real-time by permanent executing of the online submodule.
Transforming Literature-intensive Research Processes Through Text Analytics - Design, implementation and Lessons Learned

The continuing growth of scientiﬁc publications raises the question how research processes can be digitalized and thus realized more productively. Especially in information technology ﬁelds, research practice is characterized by a rapidly growing volume of publications. For the search process various information systems exist. However, the analysis of the published content is still a highly manual task. Therefore, we propose a text analytics system that allows a fully digitalized analysis of literature sources. We have realized a prototype by using EBSCO Discovery Service in combination with IBM Watson Explorer and demonstrated the results in real-life research projects. Potential addressees are research institutions, consulting ﬁrms, and decision-makers in politics and business practice.
Simplified Management of Dairy Heifers: Different Protein Supplements in Spineless Cactus Based Diets

The aim of this study was to establish a simplified management for rearing dairy heifers evaluating different protein supplements in spineless cactus´ based diets. Twenty-five Girolando heifers were used in feedlot, with initial body weight of 227±72kg, assigned to a randomized block design. Five protein supplements (wheat bran, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, and whole cottonseed) were compared to the control diet (without supplement). The cottonseed meal provided higher intake of DM (8.19kg/d), and digestible OM (4.63kg/d). There were no effects of protein supplements on digestibility of DM, OM, CP and NFC. The cottonseed meal provided higher digestibility of NDF (465g/kg). Weight gain and feed conversion were not affected in animals supplemented with whole cottonseed (750g/d and 9.1), cottonseed meal (840g/d and 9.75) and soybean meal (720g/d and 10.78). Therefore, the establishment of a simplified management using any of the studied protein supplements should occur depending on the availability and price of the product in the region.
Label-Free Anti-Human IgG Biosensor Based on Chemical Modiﬁcation of a Long Period Fiber Grating Surface †

: This work introduces a method specially developed to produce a biorecognition element based on modiﬁed Stöber silica nanoparticles by the covalent immobilization of the human IgG. The sensing structure is based on long period ﬁber gratings (LPFG), specially developed to allow the interaction of the electromagnetic wave with the target analytes through its evanescent ﬁeld. The surface was modiﬁed by the immobilization of the IgG-modiﬁed nanoparticles serving has recognition elements for speciﬁc target molecules. The resulting conﬁguration was tested in the presence of anti-human IgG, recording the refractometric response of the modiﬁed LPFG in contact with different amounts of analyte. The selectivity of the sensor was also assessed.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Privacy dictionary

This paper presents the privacy dictionary, a new linguistic resource for automated content analysis on privacy-related texts. To overcome the definitional challenges inherent in privacy research, the dictionary was informed by an inclusive set of relevant theoretical perspectives. Using methods from corpus linguistics, we constructed and validated eight dictionary categories on empirical material from a wide range of privacy sensitive contexts. It was shown that the dictionary categories are able to measure unique linguistic patterns within privacy discussions. At a time when privacy considerations are increasing, and online resources provide ever growing quantities of textual data, the privacy dictionary can play a significant role, not only for research in the social sciences, but also in technology design and policy making.
Multi-dimensional Key Assignment for Hierarchical Media Access Control with Collusion Resilience

—We propose a multidimensional key assignment scheme using modiﬁed hash chains (MHCs) to hierarchically control access to scalable media. By introducing MHCs, the proposed scheme manages one key composed of a single key segment. The single managed key is not distributed to any user, providing security against key leakage. Collusion attacks caused by multiple users to obtain media with higher quality than that allowed by their access rights are prevented with the key assignment order. Our scheme also inhibits the growth of hash calculation. Performance analysis shows the validity of the proposed scheme.
Bub1 kinase and Sgo1 modulate chromatin structure and dynamics in response to changes in microtubule dynamics

Background— Tension sensing of bi-oriented chromosomes is essential for the fidelity of chromosome segregation. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) conveys lack of tension or attachment to the anaphase promoting complex. Components of the SAC (Bub1) phosphorylate histone H2A (S121) and recruit the protector of cohesin, Shugoshin (Sgo1) to the inner centromere. How the chromatin structural modifications of the inner centromere are integrated into the tension sensing mechanisms and the checkpoint are not known. Results— We have identified a Bub1/Sgo1 dependent structural change in the geometry and dynamics of kinetochores and the pericentric chromatin upon reduction of microtubule dynamics. The cluster of inner kinetochores contract while the pericentric chromatin and cohesin that encircle spindle microtubules undergo a radial expansion. Despite its increased spatial distribution, the pericentric chromatin is less dynamic. The change in dynamics is due to histone H2A phosphorylation and Sgo1 recruitment to the pericentric chromatin, rather than microtubule dynamics. Conclusions— Bub1 and Sgo1 act as a rheostat to regulate the chromatin spring and maintain force balance. Through Histone H2A S121 phosphorylation and recruitment of Sgo1, Bub1 kinase softens the chromatin spring in response to changes in microtubule dynamics. The geometric alteration of all 16 kinetochores and pericentric chromatin reflect global changes in the pericentromeric region and provide mechanisms for mechanically amplifying damage at a single kinetochore microtubule.
Depolymerization of lignin over CoO/m-SEP catalyst under supercritical methanol

In this paper, sepiolite (SEP) had a well-ordered pore structure, affluent surface acidity, and excellent hydrothermal stability and was used as the support to load CoO species. The acidified modified SEP (m-SEP) and as-prepared CoO/m-SEP catalysts were included in the lignin depolymerization reaction under supercritical methanol. m-SEP and CoO/m-SEP were characterized by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy, powdered X-ray diffraction, NH3 temperature programmed desorption, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental analysis, and N2 isothermal adsorption. The results revealed that CoO/m-SEP had appropriate surface acidity and a larger pore diameter than m-SEP. As expected, CoO/m-SEP showed the highest degree of lignin liquefaction (74.25%) and yield of the petroleum ether soluble product (8.18%) as well as the lowest char yield (11.23%) under the same reaction conditions. In addition, the effect of reaction temperature on the degradation of lignin was investigated over the CoO/m-SEP catalyst under supercritical methanol. It found that increasing the reaction temperature would promote the lignin depolymerization, while excessively high temperature would lead to severe repolymerization.In this paper, sepiolite (SEP) had a well-ordered pore structure, affluent surface acidity, and excellent hydrothermal stability and was used as the support to load CoO species. The acidified modified SEP (m-SEP) and as-prepared CoO/m-SEP catalysts were included in the lignin depolymerization reaction under supercritical methanol. m-SEP and CoO/m-SEP were characterized by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy, powdered X-ray diffraction, NH3 temperature programmed desorption, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental analysis, and N2 isothermal adsorption. The results revealed that CoO/m-SEP had appropriate surface acidity and a larger pore diameter than m-SEP. As expected, CoO/m-SEP showed the highest degree of lignin liquefaction (74.25%) and yield of the petroleum ether soluble product (8.18%) as well as the lowest char yield (11.23%) under the same reaction conditions. In addition, the effect of reaction temperature on the degradation of lignin was.
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development Genetic deletion of TRPA1 receptor attenuates amyloid beta- 1-42 (A β 1-42 )-induced neurotoxicity in the mouse basal forebrain in vivo

Amyloid β 1 – 42 peptide (A β 1 – 42 ) accumulates in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that is toxic to the basal forebrain cholinergic (BFC) neurons in substantia innominata-nucleus basalis magnocellularis complex (SI-NBM). Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin1 (TRPA1) receptor is present in murine brain, however its role in neu- rotoxic processes is unclear. We investigated the A β 1 – 42 -induced neurotoxicity in TRPA1 wild-type (TRPA1 +/+ ) and knockout (TRPA1 − / − ) mice. Expression and neuroanatomical localization of TRPA1 receptor were examined using RT qPCR. Cholinergic ﬁ bre loss was determined on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) stained brain slices, and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry was used to assess the cholinergic cell loss. Novel object recognition (NOR), radial arm maze (RAM) and Y-maze tests were used to investigate memory loss. A β 1 – 42 -injected WT mice showed marked loss of cholinergic ﬁ bres and cell bodies, which was signi ﬁ cantly attenuated in TRPA1 − / − animals. According to the NOR and RAM tests, pronounced memory loss was detected in A β 1 – 42 -injected TRPA1 +/+ mice, but not in TRPA1 − / − group. Our ﬁ ndings demonstrate that TRPA1 KO animals show substantially reduced morphological damage and memory loss after A β 1 – 42 injection in the SI-NBM. We conclude that TRPA1 receptors may play an important deteriorating role in the A β 1 – 42 -induced cholinergic neurotoxicity and the consequent memory loss in the murine brain.
of oxygen transfer air into

Background The use of non-aqueous organic media is becoming increasingly important in many biotechnological applications in order to achieve process intensification. Such media can be used for example to directly extract poorly water-soluble toxic products from fermentations. Likewise many biological reactions require the supply of oxygen, most normally from air. However, reliable on-line measurements of oxygen concentration in organic solvents (and hence oxygen transfer rates from air to the solvent) has to date proven impossible due limitations in the current analytical methods. For the first time, we demonstrate on-line oxygen measurements in non-aqueous media using a novel optical sensor. The sensor was used to measure oxygen concentration in various organic solvents including toluene, THF, isooctane, DMF, heptane and hexane (which have all been shown suitable for several biological applications). Subsequently, we measured the oxygen transfer rates from air into these organic solvents. The measurement of oxygen transfer rates from air into organic solvents using the dynamic method was established using the solvent resistant optical sensor. The feasibility of online oxygen measurements in organic solvents has also been demonstrated, paving the way for new opportunities in process control.
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 226 Revision 1 consideration of genotoxicity data on one ,unsaturated aldehyde from chemical subgroup 1.1.1(b)

The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids was requested to evaluate the genotoxic potential of one ﬂ avouring substance from subgroup 1.1. 1(b) of FGE.19 in the Flavouring Group Evaluation 226 (FGE.226). The ﬂ avour industry provided genotoxicity studies for the substance 4,5-epoxydec-2( trans )-enal [FL-no: 16.071]. Based on these data, the Panel concluded in FGE.226 that 4,5-epoxydec-2( trans )-enal did not induce gene mutations in bacterial cells but was positive in an in vitro micronucleus assay, so, 4,5-epoxydec-2( trans )-enal is considered an in vitro genotoxic agent. The negative results obtained in an in vivo micronucleus assay cannot overrule the positive results of the in vitro micronucleus assay with and without S9-mix due to the lack of demonstration of bone marrow exposure. Following this, the ﬂ avour industry has provided plasma analysis of a satellite group of rats treated with 4,5-epoxydec-2( trans )-enal in order to investigate the systemic exposure of animals in the in vivo micronucleus assay. However, the plasma analysis did not provide enough evidence of target tissue exposure. An in vivo Comet assay in rodents was recommended in FGE.226, in order to investigate possible genotoxic effects at the ﬁ rst site of contact (e.g. stomach/duodenum cells) and in the liver. An in vivo Comet assay in liver and duodenum was provided that suggests that 4,5-epoxydec-2( trans )-enal [FL-no: 16.071] did not induce DNA damage in the duodenum of rats. However, the genotoxic effect observed in vitro was con ﬁ rmed in the in vivo Comet assay in the liver of rats. The Panel concluded that 4,5-epoxydec-2( trans )-enal [FL-no: 16.071] does raise a safety concern with respect to genotoxicity and, therefore, it cannot be evaluated according to the Procedure.
When Pain Persists, Disability in Elders Can Begin

Among the most tragic endpoints during aging are disability and dependency. To prevent these situations, the early detection of possible risk factors needs to be properly standardized in daily clinical practice. Pain is one of the most common causes of medical visits, and it should be identified as a target to prevent its long-term consequences. Recently, an association between chronic pain and frailty has been found. Frailty is a syndrome found in elderly patients that predisposes individuals to physical limitation and death. Possible pathophysiological pathways triggered by chronic pain that predispose individuals to physical limitation are discussed.
Chromosomes 4 and 10 Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis on Rat Susceptibility Loci for Experimental A Genome-Wide Search Identifies Two

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that exhibits many pathologic similarities with multiple sclerosis. The genetic loci that contribute to mononuclear cell inﬁltration of the central nervous system and clinical manifestations of EAE in the rat were investigated in the F 2 progeny of the highly susceptible Lewis and resistant Brown Norway strains. The data conﬁrmed that the Lewis allele of a MHC-linked gene is necessary, but not sufﬁcient, to confer EAE susceptibility in the F 2 progeny. Subsequent analyses were thus restricted to the subset of the F 2 animals with EAE-predisposing MHC genotypes. A genome-wide scan approach was performed using 103 microsatellite markers covering 85% of the genome. Two non-MHC regions were identiﬁed, one near the centromere of chromosome 4 and the other on the long arm of chromosome 10, that signiﬁcantly contributed to the disease. In addition, three regions on chromosomes 9, 13, and 17 were suggestive for linkage. Congenic mapping is now needed to reduce the support intervals encoding the loci of interest to sizes amenable to physical mapping and to eventually demonstrate the involvement of some of the candidate genes of immunologic importance localized in these regions. The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 162: 1917–1922. the data are to have arisen due to the effect of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) with the optimized set of penetrances than to the effect of chance (under the null hypothesis that the penetrances for each genotypic class are equal and that no quantitative trait locus is present). x 5 (2 log e 10) LOD following a x -squared distribution with 2 degrees of freedom for the experimental cross used in this study; pointwise signiﬁcance levels corre- sponding to the different LOD scores were determined from the appropriate x 2 table.