Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Indigenous Goat Populations in Selected Areas of Ethiopia

The objective of this study was to characterize Bati, Borena and Short-eared Somali goat populations kept under traditional management systems. The survey conducted in three locations; namely Bati, Borena and Siti (the previous Shinille) representing Bati, Borena and Short-Eared Somali goat populations, respectively. For production systems description a total of 345 households (98 in Bati, 132 in Borena and 115 in Siti) were interviewed. Phenotypic records were also taken on 601(162 Bati (128 females and 34 males), 246 Borena (201 females and 45 males) and 193 Short-eared Somali (139 females and 54 males)) heads of adult goats with 4 pair of permanent incisors (PPI). However, because of difficulty of finding adequate number of 4PPI sample males, measurements were taken from 2PPI and above males. In this study, goats accounted 72.01%, 50.93% and 47.38% of other livestock species in Siti, Bati and Borena areas, respectively. The average (±SE) goat flock size (44.02±3.33) per household of Siti was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those observed in Borena (23.08±1.94) and Bati (8.99±0.59). The major challenges of goat rearing in the studied areas include feed and water shortage, disease incidence and recurrent drought with different order of prioritization. Plain brown (deep and light) (51.85%) coat color was the predominant coat color observed on Bati goats of both sexes. Meanwhile, plain white coat color was most frequently observed on Borena goats (71.54%) and only 36.27% in Short-eared Somali goats. Though most quantitative traits showed slightly higher average values in the Bati goats, differences with Borena goats were not significant (p>0.05), whereas Short-eared Somali goats remained significantly (p<0.05) lower for most of the measured characteristics. Average live weight of Bati, Borena and Short-eared Somali does were 33.97±0.4, 31.49±0.36 and 24.67±0.28kg, respectively and the corresponding values for bucks were 41.30±0.85, 40.04±1.21 and 30.62±0.67kg. Correlation coefficient (r) was consistently highest between live weight and chest girth in both sexes across the goat populations.
Immersion Detection of Ultrasound using a GCLAD system

When an optical beam passes through a medium with acoustic di turbances, fluctuations in the medium’s index of refraction divert the beam from the original path. As such, a n acoustic wave can be detected by directing a laser beam thro ug the disturbance and sensing the path changes with a position ensitive photodetector. Depending on the optical compon ents used, the detector can sense the deflection or displacement portio n of the diversion. In a gas medium, this technique is designa ted Gas-coupled Laser Acoustic Detection (GCLAD) and has been u s d to sense audio-frequency and ultrasonic waves. The meth od has proven to be a relatively simple and e ffective method for sensing ultrasound that has been transmit ted from materials for applications in materials characterization and nondestru ctive evaluation. Here we present research where the GCLAD system is used to det ect ultrasonic waves in water. As with noncontact transducers, the advantage of using water as the medium is the comp aratively low attenuation of higher ultrasound frequencie s. This produces stronger signals at lower frequencies and enables det ction of higher frequencies that would be di fficult to sense in air. Recent modelling has shown that this approach produces broa d and sensitivity, allowing detection from a few hundred He rtz to 20 MHz for a 2.5 cm travel distance. GCLAD also allows the acoustic wave to be detected undisturb ed at di fferent travel distances by repeatedly passing the beam through the medium. The presence of the laser beam does not ha ve any affect on the acoustic wave. This characteristic is used to sense the ultrasound wave both before and after passing thro ugh a material. The second waveform can be then be calibrated per shot using the amplitude of the first wave. Frequency changes in wave, beyond the attenuation from travel through water, c an be attributed to the material itself, producing additional in formation about the material characteristics.
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT IN EAST ASIA

The population growth and increasing wealth and urbanization taking place in East Asia are driving one of the world’s fastest growing demands for animal products. The livestock sector is responding effectively to this demand surge, mostly through the emergence of large-scale intensive pig and poultry production, but supply growth has been associated with serious environmental issues, mostly related to manure management. The 5-year (July 2006-December 2011) Livestock Waste Management in East Asia Project (LWMEAP) was designed to finance the incremental costs of moving from the businessas-usual approach of ineffectively addressing environmental problems to a strategic framework for livestock production development which is not only economically but also environmentally sustainable. Pierre Gerber & Phil Harris pierre.gerber@fao.org FAO http://www.iwlearn. net/experience
Systematic reviews and mapping studies on software requirements : encyclopedia of objectives and issues for newbies

The domain of requirements engineering (RE) is intercepted by the interest of a wider community in the software industry. The role of RE is inevitable in the success and failure of software projects. RE is a multi-dimensional area and it is comprised of stakeholder analysis, requirements elicitation, and requirements prioritization mainly. In RE, the valuable requirements are explored from a critical set of stakeholders and these requirements are prioritized in order to design a system of high assurance. Several systematic literature reviews (SLR) are written related to RE domain which deliver a comprehensive knowledge in the domain of RE. Hence, currently no SLR exists that is able to provide an aggregate knowledge about RE intricacies. In this research, the different systematic reviews were investigated in order to aggregate the generated knowledge in different sub-domains of RE. This research highlights the objectives, sub-objectives of the existing SLRs and also presents information about RE issues in different perspectives. Initially, 214 studies were identified and only 39 studies were included in this SLR for research and analysis purposes.
Solving Analogical Equations Using Probabilities

Proportional analogies are a general relationship between four objects, A, B, C, and D. An analogy A : B :: C : D states that ”A is to B as C is to D”. For example, 食べる :食べます ::認める :認めます [2]. In modern linguistics, analogy is considered to be a synchronic operation by which given two forms of a given word, and only one form of a second word, the fourth missing form is coined. For example, 食べる :食べます ::認める : x ⇒ x =認めます. Solving analogical equations as the above one, between strings of symbols, is an important core method in example-based machine translation (EBMT) following the proposal by Nagao in 1984 [6]. In 2005, Lepage and Denoual [5] refined the proposal. In their framework, solving analogical equations is crucial. Let us suppose that (A,A′), (B,B′), (C, C′) are in the translation table of an EBMT system. To translate D, if C can be obtained as the solution of the analogical equation between A, B, and D in the source side, then, D′ can be output from A′, B′, and C′ in the target side, with the result that D′ is the translation of D.
A 0 . 5 V LOW POWER SINGLE STAGE FOLDED CASCODE AMPLIFIER FOR BIO-SIGNALS

Long term monitoring and measurement of bio signals requires new techniques that promise light weight devices consuming low power and are maintenance free. The basic block in processing analog signal happens to be operational trans-conductance amplifier (OTA) and the design of sub-threshold OTA for low voltage low frequency applications consuming less power is proposed. With an operating voltage of 0.5V the gain achieved is 58dB and CMRR of 88.5dB. The input referred noise is measured as 1. 159μV and the power consumption has 620nW. The circuit was implemented in 0. 18μm technology using cadence tool.
Differences in microbial activities of faeces from weaned and unweaned pigs in relation to in vitro fermentation of different sources of inulin-type oligofructose and pig feed ingredients

An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the differences in microbial activity of five faecal inocula from weaned pigs and one faecal inoculum from unweaned pigs in combination with 6 substrates. The substrates tested were negative control diet, corn, soybean meal, oligofructose (OF), ground chicory roots and a mixture (60% chicory pulp and 40% OF). The inocula used were derived from pigs fed either a corn-soy based diet without antibiotics (NCON), the NCON diet supplemented with oligofructose (OF), a mixture of chicory pulp (40%) and OF (60%) (MIX), ground chicory roots (CHR) or the NCON diet supplemented with antibiotics (PCON). The cumulative gas production measured fermentation kinetics and end products, such as total gas production, ammonia and volatile fatty acids, were also determined. Both the substrate and the inoculum significantly affected the fermentation characteristics. The cumulative gas production curve showed that different substrates caused more differences in traits of fermentation kinetics than the different inocula. Inocula of weaned pigs gave a significantly higher VFA production compared to the inoculum from unweaned animals, whilst the rate of fermentation and the total gas produced did not differ. OF showed the highest fermentation kinetics and the lowest NH3, pH and OM loss compared to other substrates. It was concluded that the microbial activity was significantly affected by substrate and inoculum. Inoculum from weaned pigs had more potential for microbial fermentation of the carbohydrate ingredients and oligofructose than that of unweaned pigs. A combination of high and low polymer inulin may be more beneficial to the gut ecosystem than using high- or low-polymer inulin alone. (Key Words : Oligofructose, Fermentation, Pig, Faeces, In vitro)
Relational Capital and Knowledge Heterogeneity in Software Teams : Effects on Knowledge Integration ( Full Paper Submission )

We examine the role of knowledge heterogeneity and relational capital on knowledge integration in software teams. Knowledge heterogeneity and relational capital are key compositional characteristics of software teams. While both knowledge heterogeneity and relational capital have been examined in teams, there is a need to better understand their relationship to critical parameters that could influence performance of software teams. Based on absorptive capacity and social capital literatures, we hypothesize and test relationships between these team characteristics and internal and external knowledge integration. The hypotheses are tested using data from 150 project leaders from sixteen CMM Level 5 software companies.
The Limits of Convection Parameterization

Cloud-resolving models (CRMs) can be used to investigate the non-deterministic and non-equilibrium statistics of deep convection. Results suggest that even a “perfect” cumulus parameterization will have large expected errors for grid sizes used by current global models. It is also possible to use a CRM as a stochastic, nonequilibrium “super-parameterization. ” Tests of this approach have demonstrated major improvements in climate simulations, especially when coupled with an ocean model.
Hyperelliptic Curves

In this paper we consider the question of whether there exists a hyperelliptic curve of genus g which is defined over but has no rational points over for various pairs . As an example of such a result, we show that if p is a prime such that is also prime then there will be pointless hyperelliptic curves over of every genus.
First Report of Carrot Infection with Phytoplasmas in Slovenia

In Slovenia, in years 2016 and 2017, carrot plants were sampled for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ presence verification. All samples were negative for this pathogen. Because some samples displayed symptoms reminiscent of phytoplasma diseases they were also tested for phytoplasma infection. An association of diseased plants with phytoplasmas was confirmed with the following protocol: (i) the presence of phytoplasmas was shown with the universal quantitative PCR and (ii) the ribosomal groups of 16SrI and 16SrXII were identified by specific qunatitative PCRs. Sequence analysis of tuf, secY and stamp gene fragments indicated that the 16SrXII phytoplasmas in carrot samples belong to the ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’. This research is the first report of carrot infection in phytoplasmas in Slovenia. Key words–aster yellows, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’,
Are there monitoring bene fi ts to institutional ownership ? Evidence from seasoned equity offerings

a College of Business Administration, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA b School of Business Administration, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA c Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA d Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, DR 3000, Rotterdam, The Netherlands e A.B. Freeman School of Business, Tulane University, LA 70118, USA
Text-to-Animation : Affective , Intelligent and Multimodal Visualisation of Natural Language Scripts

Performing plays or creating films and animations is a complex creative, and thus expensive process, involving various professionals and media. This paper reviews artificial intelligence text-to-animation systems and tools to augment this process by automatically interpreting film and play scripts and automatically generating animated scenes. Special attention is given to emotional aspects and their reflection in the execution of all types of modalities during the generation of the story content. Systems detect explicit emotion keywords from the story script or infer emotions from the story context with various methods. Emotional aspects affect fluency and manner of actions and behaviour, body language, facial expressions, speech, scene composition, timing, lighting, music and camera. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate how a scene and actor behaviour changes when emotional states are taken into account, e.g. walking down a street in a happy versus a sad state. Consequently, more realistic and believable story visualisations are achieved. Literature on related research areas is reviewed involving natural language and text, screenplay or play script, layout processing with regard to personality and emotion detection, affective reasoning and decision making, modelling affective behaviour of embodied agents, multimodal visualisation of 3D scenes with digital cinematography and genre-specific presentation and intelligent multimedia selection. Accuracy of content animation and effectiveness of expression is evaluated. In conclusion, intelligent, multimodal animation generation systems providing quick pre-visualisations of scenes, solve partial aspects of language understanding, emotional reasoning, automatic 3D visualisation and media selection and synchronisation, but still have a long way to go in seamlessly complementing each other and including extensive knowledge background.
Bifidogenic effect of grain larvae extract on serum lipid , glucose and intestinal microflora in rats

The main objective of this study was to investigate whether orally administered Korean grain larvae ethanol extract (GLE) had a bifidogenic effect in normal rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into a negative control group (CO) and GLE orally administered (5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 mg/100 g body weight) groups. Thymus and spleen weights dosedependently increased by 128.58% and 128.58%, respectively, but abdominal fat decreased by 19.18% after GLE administration compared with that in the CO group (p<0.05). Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose decreased by 30.26%, 7.33%, 27.20%, and 6.96%, respectively, whereas highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol increased by 129.93% in the GLE groups compared with those in the CO group (p<0.05). IgG, IgM, IgA in the GLE groups increased 203.68%, 181.41%, and 238.25%, respectively, compared to that in the CO group (p<0.05). Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus increased by 115.74% and 144.28%, whereas Bacteroides, Clostridium, Escherichia, and Streptococcus decreased by 17.37%, 17.46%, 21.25%, and 19.16%, respectively, in the GLE groups compared with those in the CO group (p<0.05). Total organic acids, acetic acid, and propionic acid increased by151.40%, 188.09%, and 150.17%, whereas butyric acid and valeric acid decreased by 40.65% and 49.24%, respectively, in the GLE groups as compared with those in the CO group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that Korean GLE improves the bifidogenic effect by increasing cecal organic acids and modulating gut microflora via a selective increase in Bifidobacterium in normal rats.
AVEC ’ 18 Robustness of Connected Vehicle Systems

Since a connected cruise controller utilizes motion information from multiple human-driven vehicles ahead, its performance significantly depends on human driving behavior. Therefore, robust controller designis required to maintain a desired level of performance against uncertainties in human parameters. In this paper, we apply structured singular value analysis to select robust control gains that guarantee string stability against uncertainties arising from the feedback gains and reaction time delays of the human drivers ahead. We demonstrate the results on a connected vehicle system where a connected automated vehicle follows three human-driven vehicles.
Search Strategy using Multidirectional Search Optimization

In this paper we concern ourselves on proposing a communication strategy so that the AUVs can exchange position to get the new optimized waypoints with the help of hexagonal grid sensor based network for the hierarchical control architecture. A Leader is defined by the multidirectional search followed by a Follower controller of nonlinear model of an AUV allowing higher levels of sensors and low field noise. The proposed optimization is simulated through MATLAB, the coordination and trajectory between team controller and vehicle controller are observed at different iteration of the optimization technique. Keywords— AUV, optimization, MDS, hexagonal sensor based grid
Stabilizing Information Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks

One important component of network reprogramming is code dissemination, when the new program code is distributed to the relevant nodes. Very few information dissemination protocols, if any, tolerate transient data faults, i.e., faults that corrupt the memory state of nodes. We address this limitation by proposing a novel protocol, called Repair, that transforms any fault-intolerant information dissemination protocol into a stabilizing protocol where, eventually, all nodes obtain the updated code. We conduct simulations to show the performance of Repair, and we integrate Repair with Varuna, and our results show that Repair induces low overhead on Varuna, and causes all nodes to receive the new code. Our main contribution is the first corrector protocol that stabilizes information dissemination in the presence of transient faults.
Strategic Decisions for Operational Changes through the use of Discrete Event Simulation

In recent years, market competitiveness exerts more pressure on process industries to increase their number of products, reduce order sizes and shorten delivery lead time. This causes an expansion of order enquiries from customers, which leads to an insufficient use of scheduling and planning systems to meet these changes. This force process industries to adopt other tools, such as Discrete Event Simulation for supporting their strategic decisions to align with these operational changes. The objective of this thesis is to understand how Discrete Event Simulation supports strategic decisions prior to the implementation of operational changes in process industries. Therefore, a case study in the pharmaceutical industry was conducted at AstraZeneca, Södertälje. Discrete Event Simulation was used as a tool to support the strategic decision of implementing the Product Wheel technique as an operational change. Simultaneously, a theoretical review was carried out to investigate types of strategic decisions which can be supported by Discrete Event Simulation use in process industries. Then, contributions and challenges of Discrete Event Simulation use for supporting strategic decisions for operational changes were clarified. The empirical results indicate the importance of Discrete Event Simulation in supporting deliverability as a competitive priority to AstraZeneca, followed by flexibility and cost as second and third competitive priorities. The analysis also identified the contribution of Discrete Event Simulation in supporting long-term decisions in the company by providing analytical solutions in different scenarios, dynamic visualization and increased knowledge about the simulated operational change. Additionally, two main challenges in the use of Discrete Event Simulation for supporting strategic decision are identified. First, Discrete Event Simulation was not suitable for supporting all kinds of competitive priorities such as quality, environment and innovation. Second, the direction of the communication between the Discrete Event Simulation use and the strategic decisions differs. A framework is developed to facilitate the use of Discrete Event Simulation for supporting strategic decisions prior to implementing the Product Wheel technique as an operational change. This framework provides a guideline to identify the range of contributions from Discrete Event Simulation use for supporting different types of competitive priorities prior to the implementation of the Product Wheel method. Generally, Discrete Event Simulation could be a useful tool for supporting deliverability, cost and flexibility by implementing the Product Wheel technique, while it has a limited capability when dealing with other strategic decisions such as quality, innovation and environment.
Staphylococcal Colonization in Atopic Dermatitis Treatment with Topical Tacrolimus ( Fk 506 )

et al. (2001) that the percentage of colophony sensitive patients reacting to oakmoss is increasing with regard to the severity of their allergy. Thus the percentage of patients reacting to oakmoss is 14.7% in patients reacting to colophony with erythema only (``? ''), 19.4% in those with a ``+'' reaction, 30% in those with a ``++'' reaction, and 53.3% in those with very strong (``+++'') reactions. This later ®gure is very similar to the one we observed (53%) on our selected patients. We suggest that more care should be taken when stating that 12823 patients were patch tested between 1992 and 1999 to the same oakmoss material as the one we have been using in our study. Over a period of time patch test suppliers will use different batches of oakmoss material either from the same supplier or from different suppliers. The oak moss sample we have been using is identical to the material used by Trolab (Reinbek, Germany) from 1999 to now. Therefore a comparison of data can only be valid if conducted in the period 1999±2000. We are of course well aware that oakmoss and treemoss are skin sensitizers, not only because of the presence of resin acids but also because of the presence of other sensitizers, some of which are known in the literature (Dahlquist et al., 1980). Among our 17 patients two reacted to the oakmoss from Chemotechnique (MalmoÈ, Sweden), despite a low content of resin acid, which probably indicates a true co-sensitization to oakmoss and colophony. Jean-Pierre Lepoittevin, An Goossens* Laboratoire de Dermatochimie, UniversiteÂ Louis Pasteur, Clinique Dermatologique, Strasbourg Cedex, France *Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium