Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate benchmarks and input parameters representing locations in 68 countries for a stochastic weather generator, CLIGEN

Abstract. This dataset contains input parameters for 12 703 locations around the world to parameterize a stochastic weather generator called CLIGEN. The parameters are essentially monthly statistics relating to daily precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation. The dataset is separated into three sub-datasets differentiated by having monthly statistics determined from 30-, 20-, and 10-year record lengths. Input parameters related to precipitation were calculated primarily from the NOAA GHCN-Daily network. The remaining input parameters were calculated from various sources including global meteorological and land-surface models that are informed by remote sensing and other methods. The new CLIGEN dataset includes inputs for locations in the US, which were compared to a selection of stations from an existing US CLIGEN dataset representing 2648 locations. This validation showed reasonable agreement between the two datasets, with the majority of parameters showing less than 20 % discrepancy relative to the existing dataset. For the three new datasets, differentiated by the minimum record lengths used for calculations, the validation showed only a small increase in discrepancy going towards shorter record lengths, such that the average discrepancy for all parameters was greater by 5 % for the 10-year dataset. The new CLIGEN dataset has the potential to improve the spatial coverage of analysis for a variety of CLIGEN applications and reduce the effort needed in preparing climate inputs. The dataset is available at the National Agriculture Library Data Commons website at https://data.nal. usda.gov/dataset/international-climate-benchmarks-and-input-parameters-stochastic-weather-generator-cligen (last access: 20 November 2020) and https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1518706 (Fullhart et al., 2020a).
SSP‐Based Land‐Use Change Scenarios: A Critical Uncertainty in Future Regional Climate Change Projections

To better understand the role projected land‐use changes (LUCs) may play in future regional climate projections, we assess the combined effects of greenhouse‐gas (GHG)‐forced climate change and LUCs in regional climate model (RCM) simulations. To do so, we produced RCM simulations that are complementary to the North‐American Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (NA‐CORDEX) simulations, but with future LUCs that are consistent with particular Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and related to a specific Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP). We examine the state of the climate at the end of the 21st century with and without two urban and agricultural LUC scenarios that follow SSP3 and SSP5 using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model forced by one global climate model, the MPI‐ESM, under the RCP8.5 scenario. We find that LUCs following different societal trends under the SSPs can significantly affect climate projections in different ways. In regions of significant cropland expansion over previously forested area, projected annual mean temperature increases are diminished by around 0.5°C–1.0°C. Across all seasons, where urbanization is high, projected temperature increases are magnified. In particular, summer mean temperature projections are up to 4°C–5°C greater and minimum and maximum temperature projections are increased by 2.5°C–6°C, amounts that are on par with the warming due to GHG‐forced climate change. Warming is also enhanced in the urban surroundings. Future urbanization also has a large influence on precipitation projections during summer, increasing storm intensity, event length, and the overall amount over urbanized areas, and decreasing precipitation in surrounding areas.
Augmented Reality Applied to LEGO® Construc:on

BRICKxAR is an Augmented Reality-based construction method applied to LEGO® as a case study. With BRICKxAR, real LEGO brick construction is guided by virtual bricks in the right place at the right time, step by step. Virtual and real object occlusions are implemented to enable a natural appearance of virtual bricks inside real bricks. LEGO players’ hand detection and occlusion are realized to allow a realistic immersive AR experience, in which virtual bricks can be “grasped” by the real hand, facilitating hand-eye coordination in AR. High accuracy and high precision of registration, i.e. the virtual physical model alignment, are achieved. In the best case, the average error of registration is less than 1mm throughout the model. BRICKxAR is expected to enhance Learning Through Play, as well as assembly and construction by human workers. In the experiment, LEGO Arc de Triomphe is built completely with BRICKxAR, without the instruction booklet.
Sulfuric acid–amine nucleation in urban Beijing

Abstract. New particle formation (NPF) is one of the major sources of atmospheric ultrafine particles. Due to the high aerosol and trace gas concentrations, the mechanism and governing factors for NPF in the polluted atmospheric boundary layer may be quite different from those in clean environments, which is however less understood. Herein, based on long-term atmospheric measurements from January 2018 to March 2019 in Beijing, the nucleation mechanism and the influences of H2SO4 concentration, amine concentrations, and aerosol concentration on NPF are quantified. The collision of H2SO4–amine clusters is found to be the dominating mechanism to initialize NPF in urban Beijing. The coagulation scavenging due to the high aerosol concentration is a governing factor as it limits the concentration of H2SO4–amine clusters and new particle formation rates. The formation of H2SO4–amine clusters in Beijing is sometimes limited by low amine concentrations. Summarizing the synergistic effects of H2SO4 concentration, amine concentrations, and aerosol concentration, we elucidate the governing factors for H2SO4–amine nucleation for various conditions.
Analisis Error Terhadap Peramalan Data Penjualan

Tujuan penelitian ini membahas tentang peramalan permintaan lampu LED bermerk Sanyo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Moving Average dan Exponential Smoothing . Pada Metode Moving Average digunakan untuk peramalan periode 3 bulan dan 5 bulan, sedangkan metode Exponential Smoothing menggunakan parameter = 0,1; 0,5; 0,7 dan 0,9. Dari hasil peramalan setiap metode dibandingkan nilai dari error , adapun nilai error yang dibahas adalah Mean Absolut Deviation ( MAD ), Mean Squared Error ( MSE ), dan Mean Absolute Percentage Error ( MAPE ). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini metode yang memiliki tingkat kesalahan terkecil adalah metode Exponential Smoothing dengan parameter , yang memiliki nilai MAD = 1.214,54; MSE = 2.758. 993 dan MAPE = 9,17%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode yang paling optimal digunakan untuk meramalkan jumlah permintaan lampu pada bulan berikutnya adalah metode Exponential Smoothing dengan parameter . Hasil peramalan permintaan lampu pada bulan Januari 2020 dengan menggunakan metode Exponential Smoothing dengan adalah 15.800,88. Sehingga untuk peramalan permintaan untuk bulan berikutnya peneliti merekomendasikan menggunakan metode Exponential Smoothing dengan perameter .
Sequence Read Depth Analysis of a Monophyletic Cluster of Y Chromosomes Characterized by Structural Rearrangements in the AZFc Region Resulting in DYS448 Deletion and DYF387S1 Duplication

The azoospermia factor c region (AZFc), located in the long arm of the human Y chromosome, is frequently involved in chromosome rearrangements, mainly due to non-allelic homologous recombination events that occur between the nearly identical sequences (amplicon) that comprises it. These rearrangements may have major phenotypic effects like spermatogenic failure or other pathologies linked to male infertility. Moreover, they may also be relevant in forensic genetics, since some of the Y chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) commonly used in forensic analysis are located in amplicons or in inter-amplicon sequences of the AZFc. In a previous study, we identified four phylogenetically related samples with a null allele at DYS448 and a tetrallelic pattern at DYF387S1, two Y-STRs located in the AZFc. Through NGS read depth analysis, we found that the unusual Y-STR pattern may be due to a 1.6 Mb deletion arising concurrently or after a 3.5 Mb duplication event. The observed large genomic rearrangement results in copy number reduction for the RBMY gene family as well as duplication of other AZFc genes. Based on the diversity of 16 additional Y-STRs, we estimated that the duplication/deletion event occurred at least twenty generations ago, suggesting that it has not been affected by negative selection.
The cohomology of an unramified twist of Zpd

Let N/K be a Galois extension of p-adic number fields and let V be a p-adic representation of the absolute Galois group GK of K. The equivariant local ε-constant conjecture Cna EP (N/K,V ) is related to the compatibility of the equivariant Tamagawa number conjecture (ETNC) with the functional equation of Artin L-functions and it can be formulated as the vanishing of a certain class RN/K in K0(Zp[G],Q c p[G]). One of the main technical difficulties in the computation of RN/K arises from the so-called cohomological term CN/K , which requires the construction of a bounded complex C • N,T of cohomologically trivial modules which represents RΓ(N,T ) for a certain GK -stable Zp-sublattice T of V . In this paper we generalize the construction of C • N,T in [BC17, Thm. 2] to the case of a higher dimensional T and we apply our main result to the computation of the Euler-characteristic which appears in the formulation of Cna EP (N/K,V ), at least in a special case. Introduction The local epsilon constant conjecture fits into the general framework of the equivariant Tamagawa number conjecture (ETNC) and describes the relation between an ε-constant arising from the functional equation of an L-function and certain local cohomology groups associated to a p-adic representation. Several authors have formulated ε-constant conjectures, whose relations have been examined in [Izy12]. We will consider the setting of a finite Galois extension N/K of p-adic number fields with group G = Gal(N/K). We write GK (resp. GN ) for the absolute Galois group of K (resp. N) and let V denote a p-adic representation of GK . Let T ⊆ V be a GK-stable Zp-sublattice such that V = T ⊗Zp Qp. Following the notation of [IV16, Conj. 5.1] we will write C EP (N/K, V ) to denote the equivariant local epsilon constant conjecture in this context. Benois and Berger [BB08] proved C EP (N/K, V ) for arbitrary crystalline representations V of GK when K/Qp is unramified and N is a finite subfield ofK(μp∞)/K. Here μp∞ denotes the group of all p-power roots of unity. Izychev and Venjakob [IV16] considered the case where T = Zp(χ )(1) is a onedimensional unramified twist of Zp(1) and they proved C na EP (N/K, V ) when N/K is at most tamely ramified and K/Qp is unramified. In joint work with Bley [BC17] we generalized the results of [IV16] to the case of weakly ramified extensions N/K under some technical assumptions concerning the coprimality of the degrees of some specific subextensions. Here T is still a
Sprühgranulation und Trocknung von Granulaten in einer neuen Universalprozessanlage im Produktionsmasstab

A new universal processing unit is based both for the spray granulation of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol and for the drying of granules manufactured in intensive mixers. The spray granules obtained show improved tabletting characteristics compared to granules manufactured in a high-shear mixer and dried in a conventional fluid-bed dryer. The special air flow system in connection with the dynamic filter system allows for the reduced drying time of granules manufactured in intensive mixers
Rethinking 
α−RuCl3

We argue that several empirical constraints strongly restrict parameters of the effective microscopic spin model that describes α-RuCl3. In particular, such constraints dictate a substantial positive off-diagonal anisotropic coupling, Γ′>0, not anticipated previously. The rest of the symmetryallowed terms are also larger than inferred from most of the earlier assessments. It is demonstrated that renormalization by quantum fluctuations allows to reconcile larger values of the bare parameters with their prior estimates and provides a consistent description of the field evolution of spin excitations in the paramagnetic phase. We further assert that large anisotropic terms inevitably result in strong anharmonic coupling of magnons, necessarily leading to broad features in the neutronscattering spectra due to magnon decay, in accord with the observations in α-RuCl3. Lastly, using duality transformations, we provide an insight into the nature of the ubiquitous pseudo-Goldstone mode that persists throughout the studied parameter space and is also present in α-RuCl3. This analysis also suggests possible simpler forms of the models relevant to α-RuCl3.
Probing 
μeγγ
 contact interactions with 
μ→e
 conversion

Contact interactions of a muon, an electron and two photons can contribute to the decay $\mu \to e \gamma \gamma$, but also to the conversion of a muon into an electron in the electric field of a nucleus. We calculate the $\mu \to e$ conversion rate, and show that for the coefficients of operators involving the combination $FF \propto |\vec{E}|^2$ (as opposed to $F\tilde{F} \propto \vec{E} \cdot \vec{B}$), the current bound on $\mu \to e$ conversion is more sensitive than the bound on $\mu \to e \gamma \gamma$. Constraining these $\bar{e}\mu FF$ operators gives the best sensitivity to some dimension six operators.
Do dietary and physical activity interventions in adolescents provide a cost-effective use of healthcare resources? Model development and illustration based on the Engaging Adolescents in Changing Behaviour (EACH-B) programme

Objective: To assess costs, health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of interventions that aim to improve quality of diet and level of physical activity in adolescents. Design: A Markov model was developed to assess four potential benefits of healthy behaviour for adolescents: better mental health, Type 2 diabetes, higher earnings and reduced incidences of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The model parameters were informed by published literature. The analysis took a societal perspective over a 20-year period. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. Setting: Secondary schools. Participants: A hypothetical cohort of adolescents aged 12-13 years. Interventions: An exemplar school-based, multi-component intervention that was developed by the Engaging Adolescents for Changing Behaviour programme, compared with usual schooling. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio as measured by cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Results The model suggested that an intervention for improving diet and physical activity has the potential to offer a cost-effective use of healthcare resources for adolescents in the UK at a willingness-to-pay threshold of GBP 20,000 per QALY. The key model drivers are the intervention effect on levels of physical activity, quality of life gain for high levels of physical activity, the duration of the intervention effects and the period over which effects wane. Conclusions: The model focused on short to medium-term benefits of healthy eating and physical activity exploiting the strong evidence base that exists for this age group. Other benefits in later life, such as reduced cardiovascular risk, are more sensitive to assumptions about the persistence of behavioural change and discounting.
Estimating herbarium specimen digitization rates: Accounting for human experience

Premise Herbaria are invaluable sources for understanding the natural world, and in recent years there has been a concerted effort to digitize these collections. To organize such efforts, a method for estimating the necessary labor is desired. This work analyzes digitization productivity reports of 105 participants from eight herbaria, deriving generalized labor estimates that account for human experience. Methods and Results Individuals’ rates of digitization were grouped based on cumulative time performing each task and then used to estimate a series of generalized labor projection models. In most cases, productivity was shown to improve with experience, suggesting longer technician retention can reduce labor requirements by 20%. Conclusions Using student labor is a common tactic for digitization efforts, and the resulting outreach exposes future professionals to natural history collections. However, overcoming the learning curve should be considered when estimating the labor necessary to digitize a collection.
Influence of fine particulate matter and its pure particulate fractions on pulmonary immune cells and cytokines in mice

Particulate matter with a diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) has a complex composition and has been associated with the incidence of cardiopulmonary disease and premature death in humans. However, whether pure particulate fractions of PM2.5 (PPP2.5), which are composed primarily of carbon, are responsible for the toxicity caused by ambient particulate matter (original PM2.5 particles, OPP2.5) is currently unclear. The present study assessed the acute toxic effects of OPP2.5 sampled in Beijing, China and of its PPP2.5 fraction in male BALB/c mice. The mice were intratracheally instilled with a single dose of aerosolized OPP2.5 or PPP2.5. Blood, lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected after 24 h for histopathology, flow cytometry and the measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and other biochemical factors. Both OPP2.5 and PPP2.5 caused acute toxicity, particularly inflammatory responses, including an increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an accumulation of numerous immune cells in the lungs. OPP2.5 induced a stronger inflammatory response than PPP2.5. The complex components adsorbed into the solid core granules of OPP2.5 and the granules themselves contributed to the toxic effects.
miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p regulate the SOCS3/STAT3 signaling pathway to downregulate the expression of NIS and reduce radiosensitivity in thyroid cancer

The expression levels of microRNA (miR)-221-3p and miR-222-3p in thyroid cancer have been found to be upregulated compared with those in normal tissues. The present study aimed to determine the effects and potential underlying mechanisms of miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p on the regulation of radioactive iodine (131I) uptake and radiosensitivity of thyroid cancer cells. The potential regulatory target genes of miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p were predicted by bioinformatics analysis, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to verify miR-221-3p, miR-222-3p and target gene expression levels in thyroid cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-221-3p or miR-222-3p in cell models was performed using lentivirus infection. Knockdown of miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p in cells was achieved using oligonucleotide inhibitor transfection. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression levels of target proteins. In addition, the effects of miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p on the radiosensitivity of thyroid cancer cells were verified using a colony formation assay. The results of the present study revealed that the expression levels of miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p were significantly upregulated, while the expression levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) were downregulated in thyroid cancer tissues. Furthermore, miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p overexpression downregulated the expression levels of SOCS3, E-cadherin and solute carrier family 5 member 5 (NIS), and upregulated the expression levels of phosphorylated STAT3 and vimentin. Following the overexpression of miR-221-3p or miR-222-3p in the FTC133 and TPC1 cell lines, their radiosensitivity was suppressed. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p may downregulate the expression levels of NIS and promote radioresistance. The potential mechanism was hypothesized to be associated with the miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p targeting of the SOCS3 gene, which may subsequently activate the STAT3 signaling pathway.
Practical and Clinical Approaches Using Pacing to Improve Selfregulation in Special Populations such as Children and People with Mental Health or Learning Disabilities

For special populations such as people with a mental health issue or learning disability, a disconnect between the ability to accurately monitor and regulate exercise behaviour can lead to reduced levels of physical activity, which, in turn, is associated with additional physical or mental health problems. Activity pacing is a strategy used in clinical settings to address issues of pain amelioration, while self-pacing research is now well addressed in sport and exercise science literature. It has been proposed recently that these overlapping areas of investigation collectively support the development of self-regulatory, lifestyle exercise skills across broad population groups. Activity pacing appears to have substantial application in numerous development and rehabilitation settings and, therefore, the purpose of this short communication is to articulate how an activity pacing approach could be utilized among population groups in whom self-regulatory skills may require development. This paper provides specific examples of exercise practice across 2 discrete populations: children, and people with mental health and learning difficulties. In these cases, homeostatic regulatory processes may either be altered, or the individual may require extrinsic support to appropriately self-regulate exercise performance. A support-based exercise environment or approach such as programmatic activity (lifestyle) pacing would be beneficial to facilitate supervised and education-based self-regulation until such time as fully self-regulated exercise is feasible. LAY ABSTRACT Activity pacing is a practical means of supporting selfregulation in physical activity. This could be achieved through lifestyle support or in specific practical sport or physical activity situations, depending on the population. Improving the development of self-regulatory, lifestyle exercise skills across broad population groups could be helpful in addressing deficiencies in physical activity levels, which, in turn, can be associated with additional physical or mental health problems. This paper provides specific examples of pacing-based exercise practice across 2 example populations: children, and people with mental health and learning difficulties. In these cases, self-regulation processes may need to be developed, or require external support. Pacing is therefore relevant to different populations in different ways.