Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth performance and chemical composition of Cirrhinus mrigala (mori) under the effect of chromium chloride hexahydratre

A nutritional trial was conducted for 90 days to investigate the effect of different levels of chromium chloride hexahydrate on Cirrhinus mrigala growth and body composition using two types of corn (gelatinized and non-gelatinized). Six test diets were prepared using three levels of chromium chloride hexahydrate (0.0, 0.2 and 0.4 mg kg). Fifty Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings were distributed randomly among six groups each group each with two replicates. The result showed that Cirrhinus mrigala fed on gelatinized corn diet with 0.2 mg kg chromium chloride hexahydrate showed maximum growth as compared to non-gelatinized corn. In case of body composition results revealed that fish fed on gelatinized corn with 0.4 mg kgshowed maximum deposition of dry matter, crude fat, crude protein and gross energy while ash retention was observed maximum in non-gelatinized corn with 0.2 mg kg It is concluded and suggested for Cirrhinus mrigala that gelatinized corn and chromium chloride hexahydrate in fish diet are very effective in growth and body composition.
Immunodetection of Ribin-like proteins in neuron-based cellular models

Extensive bibliographical analysis has demonstrated changes in ribin genes expression during several types of stress, especially in neurological tissues or cells during stress inducing neurological disorders. These analyses suggest that Ribin studies could be useful for neurological investigation. The present study was undertaken to detect and localize Ribin in various neuron-based cellular models mimicking neurodegenerative pathologies such as Huntington’s disease, amyotropic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy, as well as pathologies. Using confocal microscopy immunofluorescence methods, the presence of Ribin was detected in all neuronal models. Change, in the protein level was found at least in one neuronal model, suggesting that this protein could play a physiological role in diseases. Moreover, in contrast to previous experiments, we showed that Ribin-like proteins had principally a cytoplasmic localization. Indeed, BLAST analysis of muridae and human DNA-databases provides evidence that most of the sequence homologies are found within the Ribin COOH-part involved in the loss of the nuclear localization signals, which suggests the synthesis of cytoplasmic Ribin-like proteins. Key words: Ribin, neuron-based cellular models, amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, spinal muscular atrophy.
The influence of extraction methods on the composition and antimicrobial activity of the volatile constituents of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. Cultivated in Egypt

Tulbaghia violacea Harv. (Alliaceae), is a small bulbous herb known as “sweet or society garlic" broadly consumed in traditional medicine. The composition and antimicrobial activity of leaf (L) and flower (F) volatiles, obtained by hydro-distillation and solvent extraction, were investigated. The hydro-distilled (decanted oil, DO; and recovered water-soluble oil, RO) and hexane extracted (HE) samples were analysed via GC/FID and GC/MS. A total of 64 components, representing 90.63-99.15% of the overall sample compositions, were identified. Sulfur compounds were predominant in all hydro-distilled samples with major 2, 3, 5-trithiahexane and 2, 4, 5, 7-tetrathiaoctane. Meanwhile, oxygenated compounds prevailed in HE being dominated by fatty acids and their esters, mainly hexadecanoic and 9,12octadecadienoic acids, in addition to an aliphatic ketone (16-hentriacontanone, F). Limonene, 1, 8cineole, α-terpineol, eugenol, carveol, β-ionone, α-bisabolol and caryophyllene oxide were detected in all samples. All DO and HE samples together with RO of F demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial efficiency. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined. Obviously, both composition and bioactivity of the investigated volatiles were clearly influenced by the extraction process applied. Finally, T. violacea could be proposed as flavoring agent and a safe preservative in food industries to prevent the growth of foodborne bacteria and fungi and extend the shelf-life of food products.
A review of dielectric optical metasurfaces for wavefront control

Abstract During the past few years, metasurfaces have been used to demonstrate optical elements and systems with capabilities that surpass those of conventional diffractive optics. Here, we review some of these recent developments, with a focus on dielectric structures for shaping optical wavefronts. We discuss the mechanisms for achieving steep phase gradients with high efficiency, simultaneous polarization and phase control, controlling the chromatic dispersion, and controlling the angular response. Then, we review applications in imaging, conformal optics, tunable devices, and optical systems. We conclude with an outlook on future potentials and challenges that need to be overcome.
Left in the Dark? Oil and Rural Poverty

Do oil booms reduce rural poverty and inequality? To study this we measure rural poverty by counting people who live in darkness at night: combining high-resolution global satellite data on night-time lights and population from 2000 to 2013. We develop a measure that accurately identifies 74% of households as above or below the extreme poverty line when compared to over 600,000 household surveys. We find that both high oil prices and new discoveries increase illumination and GDP nationally. However, they also promote regional inequality because the increases are limited to towns and cities with no evidence that they benefit the rural poor.
To Analyse The Effects Of Process Parameters On Ig & Dd Of Ti-3al-2.5v Titanium Alloy (Grade 9) On Wedm Using Taguchi Approach

WEDM is the most important machining method with which complex and complicated geometries can be easily machined. Based on exhaustive literature survey, it has been found that limited work has to be done on machining of Grade 9 Titanium alloy Ti-3Al-2.5V. Grade 9 Titanium alloy Ti-3Al-2.5V plate of 150mm×150mm×6mm is used for experimental purpose. The input process parameters pulse on time, pulse off time, spark gap set voltage and peak current are investigated to check their effects on performance characteristics like gap current & dimensional deviation. The ranges of process parameters are selected based on the literature survey. The experiments were designed using L9 orthogonal array with variation in process parameters. In this study MINITAB 15.0 software is used for designed the number of alternative experiments. The main aim of study is to check the effect of various process parameters on performance parameters.
Comparison of bulk density methods in determining soil organic carbon storage under different land use types

The different methods used for determining soil bulk density make the result of soil organic carbon (SOC) estimation vary. The study was conducted on five land use types in Gergera watershed, Tigray, Ethiopia. This study investigates two methods (Core and Excavation methods) of soil bulk density and their relative consequence on SOC; it also evaluates which method is better for estimating SOC stock. Both methods were undertaken in top 0 to 30 cm soil depth. For comparison of bulk density methods, statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23 was used. The result revealed that using core method, SOC was 59.30, 74.70, 64.18, 45.35 and 54.61 Mg/ha in pasture land, homestead agroforestry, crop land and woodlot respectively. Whereas, land use types were scored 56.40, 69.08, 62.20, 43.86 and 52.83 Mg/ha in exclosure, pasture land, homestead agroforestry, crop land and woodlot respectively using excavation method of bulk density determination. Although SOC stock exhibits statistically significant difference among land use types in the bulk density methods, the statistical effect was not because of bulk density methods but because of other variables in the land use types. SOC of bulk density results and mean SOC difference in each land use types were calculated using core and excavation methods. In conclusion, soil excavation method of bulk density determinations used for SOC estimation is the lower standard error. Furthermore, this work provides new insights into improving the bulk density methods and assists in the accurate estimation of soil carbon stock management. Key words: Bulk density methods, land use types, soil organic carbon stock.
Central Black Hole Masses in Active Galactic Nuclei Inferred from X-Ray Variability

Central black hole masses in eight active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are evaluated by a method based on the X-ray flux variability of these AGNs and Cyg X-1 observed with Ginga. We introduce a new definition for the variability timescale by employing a normalized power spectral density function. Assuming a linear proportionality between the variability timescale and the mass of the central black hole, and using the relation between these two for Cyg X-1 as a reference point, we estimate the masses of eight AGNs (six Seyferts, one quasar, and one BL Lacertae type object). The masses evaluated in this way are lower than those in earlier estimates (or upper limits) using different methods by a factor of 1 or 2 orders of magnitude, for some sources. We thus obtain a logarithmically averaged Eddington ratio of 1.4 for eight sources, or 0.47 for six Seyferts excluding a quasar and a BL Lacertae-type object. We discuss significance of this high Eddington ratio for the emission mechanism and the cosmological evolution of AGNs.
Simulation optimizer and optimization methods testing on discrete event simulations models and testing functions

The paper deals with testing of selected optimization methods used for optimization of specified objective functions of three discrete event simulation models and four selected testing functions. The developed simulation optimizer uses modified optimization methods which automatically adapt input parameters of discrete event simulation models. Random Search, Hill Climbing, Tabu Search, Local Search, Downhill Simplex, Simulated Annealing, Differential Evolution and Evolution Strategy were modified in such a way that they are applicable for discrete event simulation optimization purposes. The other part of the application is focused on testing the implemented optimization methods. We have proposed some evaluation techniques which express the success of the optimization method in different ways. These techniques use calculated box plot characteristics from the series of optimization experiments.
Comparative studies of WC-Co and WC-Co-Ni composites obtained by conventional powder metallurgy

The present work reports a comparative study of cemented carbides of compositions WC-6Co, WC-10Co, WC-20Co, WC-6Co-6Ni and WC-12Ni-6Co. The purpose was to study the powder metallurgical production process of these compositions starting from a commercial WC-6Co powder, obtaining the desired compositions by mass balance with pure Co and pure Ni powders. During the process steps mixing, milling, compacting and sintering the powders were described by its apparent density, green density, shrinkage and sintered density. Lower densities were observed in composites with higher binder content. The process was monitored by scanning electron microscopy and EDS analysis to evaluate the homogeneity of the powders, to detect contaminations by the process and to characterize the microstructure of the sintered materials. A finer microstructure was found when the binder contained Ni. Potentiodynamic polarization tests in sulfuric acid revealed pseudo-passive behavior for all the tested hard metals.
Effectiveness of selected soil conservation practices on soil erosion control and crop yields in the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania

Indigenous soil conservation measures such as miraba have been widely used in Usambara Mountains for controlling soil erosion but with little success. On-farm runoff experiments were set from 2011–2014 on Acrisols in Majulai and Migambo villages with contrasting agro-ecological Original Research Article Mwango et al.; JAERI, 2(2): 129-144, 2015; Article no.JAERI. 2015.014 130 conditions in the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of miraba and miraba with various mulching materials in reducing runoff, soil and nutrient losses and improving productivity of maize (Zea mays) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Results show that mean annual runoff coefficients (mm mm) ranged from 0.72 for cropland with no soil conservation measure (control) to 0.15 for cropland with miraba and Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) mulching in Majulai village and respectively from 0.68 to 0.13 in Migambo village. Soil loss was significantly (P = .05) higher under control than under miraba with either Tughutu (Vernonia myriantha) or Tithonia mulching e. g. 184 vs. 20 in Majulai and 124 vs. 8 Mg ha -1 year -1 in Migambo village in 2012. The Pfactors were significantly (P = .05) higher under miraba sole than under miraba with mulching in Majulai village (0.18 vs. 0.11) and in Migambo village (0.10 vs. 0.05). The annual nutrient losses in kg hayr were significantly (P = .05) higher under control than under miraba with mulching 367 vs. 37 total N, 0.8 vs. 0.1 P and 14 vs. 4 K for Majulai village; 474 vs. 26 total N, 0.7 vs. 0.1 P and 20 vs. 1.2 K for Migambo village in 2012. Maize and bean yields were significantly (P = .05) higher under miraba with Tughutu mulching than under control (e.g. 2.0 vs. 0.7 Mg ha for maize in Majulai in 2012). Thus miraba with Tughutu mulching is more effective in improving crop yields than miraba with Tithonia and miraba sole.
Cognitive Complexity through Collaboration in Argumentative Student Blogs

In order to investigate instructional planning strategies that impact student improvement in argumentative writing, the teacher-as-researcher implemented an Integrated Writing intervention (MacArthur, Graham, & Schwartz, 1993) in a seventh grade urban school classroom. Utilizing a mixed methods action research study, the teacher-researcher collected both qualitative and quantitative data during two four-week instructional units that involved status checking, mini-lessons, student writing, peer and teacher conferences, and group sharing of published student writing. Two iterations of data were analyzed for the inclusion of argumentative elements in the students’ writing, and data samples were coded for cognitive complexity through analysis of their levels of depth of knowledge (Webb, 2005). This study showed the effectiveness of using the Integrated Writing intervention in promoting students’ ability to write effective cognitively complex arguments. COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY IN ARGUMENTATIVE STUDENT BLOGS 3 Cognitive Complexity through Collaboration in Argumentative Student Blogs While the importance of teaching argumentative writing is not new and has its roots in models that espouse clear thinking through the articulation of well-formed claims, evidence, warrants, and rebuttals (Toulmin,1958; Hillocks, 2011), recent data about student performance shows the need for students to improve in their argumentative writing. For example, the results of the 2011 writing assessment for eighth and twelfth graders on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) show that a mere 24% of the nation's eighth and twelfth graders performed at the proficient level in writing on this national assessment (NCES, 2011). Local data where this study was conducted likewise indicated the need for district-wide instructional interventions for argumentative writing (Puffer, 2015). Recent local and national curricular efforts to prepare students for college and careers have also indicated the importance of teaching argumentative writing, particularly through the implementation of the Common Core State Standards (2010). The Common Core State Standards (2010) have provided the recommended literacy standards for grades K-12, emphasizing the skills needed to make students ready for post-secondary education or the work force. Four skills identified as vital to the success of students for careers and college were critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity (Partnership for 21st Century Skills, 2007). Argumentative writing was an important shift in the Common Core State Standards (2010) with an emphasis placed on giving students essential 21st century opportunities for learning.
Small-scale kinematic dynamo and non-dynamo in inertial-range turbulence

We investigate the Lagrangian mechanism of the kinematic ‘fluctuation’ magnetic dynamo in a turbulent plasma flow at small magnetic Prandtl numbers. The combined effect of turbulent advection and plasma resistivity is to carry infinitely many field lines to each space point, with the resultant magnetic field at that point given by the average over all the individual line vectors. As a consequence of the roughness of the advecting velocity, this remains true even in the limit of zero resistivity. We show that the presence of the dynamo effect requires sufficient angular correlation of the passive line vectors that arrive simultaneously at the same space point. We illustrate this in detail for the Kazantsev–Kraichnan model of the kinematic dynamo with a Gaussian advecting velocity that is spatially rough and white noise in time. In the regime where dynamo action fails, we also obtain the precise rate of decay of the magnetic energy. These exact results for the model are obtained by a generalization of the ‘slow-mode expansion’ of Bernard, Gawȩdzki and Kupiainen to non-Hermitian evolution. Much of our analysis applies also to magnetohydrodynamic turbulence.
Multi Hop Transmission in IEEE 802.11 Low Rate Ad Hoc Network Using ARP-Route

Ad hoc networks are becoming more important in the modern complex environment. The ad hoc network can be used to instantly connect to the local or remote networks such as the Internet without the need of pre-existing infrastructure or centralized administration. The users of the network together will establish the infrastructure. The disadvantage of wireless communication is that it has limited range of radio transmission. Due to this, multiple network ‘hops’ are needed for one device to exchange data with another device across the network. In an ad hoc network, these devices will not only operate as a host but also as a router to forward the packets. There are varieties of routing protocols targeted for this environment that have been proposed and developed. However, most of them suffer from high overhead data traffic. The main purpose of this project is to implement the ad hoc network with the existing network protocol that had already been used in network environment which is the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). ARP was designed to announce or find MAC addresses. The novelty of this study is that we have extended the usage of the ARP protocol to act as routing protocol in wireless ad hoc network. The ARP route provides two new operation types, ARP Forward Request and ARP Forward Reply to allow the multihop transmission using intermediate nodes to forward the request and reply. These two operation types only used the current operation codes which are ‘0x0001’ for request and ‘0x0002’ for reply. This work on the routing protocol creates a new operation code for the ARP forwarding scheme which is ‘0x000c’ for forwarding. We have successfully managed to create a multi hop transmission in an ad hoc network by using the current existing operation code for the ARP forwarding. The work scope focus only on proving that the method can be applied hence it is not necessarily to prove the effectiveness of this proposed method yet. Therefore, the outcome of the study shows that the data can be sent through multi hop transmission until it reaches the destination. The 802.11b test-bed has been configured and the ARP routing protocol has been implemented for multi hop transmission. The experiment in the open space provides the comparison of environment with obstacles and without obstacles. We manage to get more than 50% of packet receive at a place with no obstacles and more than 45% in a place with obstacles. The proof of method is shown by using several graphs namely in terms of time, packet loss and also throughput.
Application in the World of Understanding: Researchers’ Experiences of Participation in Reflective Dialogues

The aim of this study was to describe researchers’ experiences of participation in reflective dialogues through a hermeneutic application research approach. The aim was also to describe their perspectives on application, that is, the inner appropriation and application of theory into practice and vice versa. Twenty-one clinical coresearchers and four scientific researchers participated in reflective dialogues in a project on ethical sustainable caring cultures, in which an application research approach was used. The study included questionnaires, a focus group interview, and conversations. The findings show that participation in the reflective dialogues required that the participants are present, open for dialogue, share a common interest in the thematics of the dialogue, and are given space to express themselves. The participants described their experiences of the dual meaning underlying application. Application research strengthened the relationship between research and clinical practice and it contributed to the development of theory.
A Carrier-Based Neutral Voltage Modulation Strategy for Eleven Level Cascaded Inverter under Unbalanced Dc Sources

This paper proposes a pulsewidth-modulation strategy to achieve balanced line-to-line output voltages and to maxi- mize the modulation index in the linear modulation range where the output voltage can be linearly adjusted in the multilevel cascaded inverter (MLCI) operating under unbalanced dc-link conditions. In these conditions, the linear modulation range is reduced, and a significant output voltage imbalance may occur as voltage references increase. In order to analyze these effects, the voltage vector space for MLCI is evaluated in detail. From this analysis, the theory behind the output voltage imbalance is explained, and the maximum linear modulation range considering an unbalanced dc-link condition is evaluated. After that, a neutral voltage modulation strategy is proposed to achieve output volt- age balancing as well as to extend the linear modulation range up to the maximum reachable point in theory. In the proposed method, too large of a dc-link imbalance precludes the balancing of the output voltages. This limitation is also discussed. Both the simulations and the experiments for a Eleven-level phase-shifted modulated MLCI for electric vehicle traction motor drive show that the proposed method is able to balance line-to-line output voltages as well as to maximize the linear modulation range under the unbalanced dc-link conditions. Index Terms—Harmonic injection; multilevel cascaded invert- ers (MLCIs); neutral voltage modulation (NVM); phase-shifted (PS) modulation; space vector pulsewidth modulation (PWM) (SVPWM)