Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactions of Field Independence and General Reasoning with Inductive Instruction in Mathematics.

Research on mathematics teaching indicates that no one instructional treatment is likely to maximize learning for all students. Instead of looking for a single "best" treatment, Cronbach (1957) has suggested that different treatments should be provided for students having different aptitudes. Cronbach's suggestion has led to a substantial amount of research on the interaction of aptitude and treatment; for a thorough review, see Cronbach and Snow (1977). Although aptitude x treatment interaction (ATI) research has been substantial, significant interactions have frequently been difficult to replicate. However, Cronbach and Snow (1977) conclude that these interactions exist and that they occur most often with general ability rather than with more specific primary abilities. For example, Cronbach and Snow hypothesize that students with low general ability are helped most by treatments based on simple models and rules, but students with high general ability do best when they are given the opportunity to discover their own rules. ATI research using more specific primary factors has occasionally produced positive results, but Cronbach and Snow tend to attribute these interactions to general ability rather than to specific aptitudes. The difficulty of finding interactions using the traditional primary factors as aptitudes has led to an interest in the "new aptitudes" referred to by Glaser (1972). Glaser suggests that cognitive style and other personality variables may be useful in ATI research. One of the most prominent of the cognitive-style dimensions is field independence. Field independence has been the focus of a large number of psychological studies over the past 30 years (Witkin, Moore, Goodenough, & Cox, 1977). It is a rather stable trait with a pervasive effect on the way an individual interacts with the environment. It is assessed using perceptual tasks in which performance is influenced by the prevailing field. A person whose performance is strongly dominated by the prevailing field is described as field dependent, and one who is able to perform the perceptual task without
Thin film coating of photocatalytics on ultra light ceramic tile by use of supercritical fluid

Abstract Although sol-gel method is an easy procedure to form a thin film, it's extremely difficult to coat on the surface of small size particles, fibers, and fiber ceramics, because concentration occurs by capillary phenomena and causes peeling or breakage of film. In order to solve this problem, we use supercritical CO2 rapid expansion from supercritical solution (RESS), nano-sized particles of TiO2 with high intensity can be sprayed out of a nozzle, then collected on the surface of substrates, but can be absorbed into fibers or porous materials, being not interfered by viscosity of a solution. TiO2 sol made by hydrolysis process is set in a pressure cell and mixed together with super-critical CO2. Controlling the pressure and the temperature, we could obtain TiO2 sol and super critical fluid mixture, and then discharge to the substrate. At this point, Titania sol viscosity is so low that a surface wettability of the substrate becomes negligible. By the use of the characteristics of the supercritical fluid, without constraint condition of viscosity or capillarity, this sol can penetrate into the interstices of the substance's structure. Thus, clearing obstruction of capillary phenomena, supercritical fluid coating method shows its capability to penetrate deep into inside of entangled fiber of the three-dimensional structure so as considered to be a heat resistant filter with 95% porosity.
Quenching Effect of Tocopherols on the Methyl Linoleate Photooxidation and Their Oxidation Products

The quenching effect of α-, γ- and δ-tocopherols on the methylene blue sensitized photo- oxidation of methyl linoleate was investigated, and the 1O2. quenching ability of tocopherols was determined. The 1O2 quenching rate constants for α-, γ- and δ-tocopherols in ethanol were estimated to be 2.6 × 108 m−1 sec−1, 1.8 × 108 m−1 sec−1 and 1.0 × 108 m−1 sec−1, respectively. And the rate constants for the chemical reaction between each tocopherol and 1O2 were 6.6 × 106 m−1 sec−1, 2.6 × 106 m−1 sec−1 and 0.7 × 106 m−1 sec−1 for α-, γ- and δ-tocopherols, respectively. The results show that α-tocopherol is the most effective compound toward 1O2 among the three tocopherols. The photooxidation of each tocopherol produced two peroxides which, after chemical reduction, were identified to be tocopherol hydroquinone by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The photooxidation mechanism of these tocopherols was assumed to be different from that of autoxidation.
Cathode Platinum Degradation in Membrane Electrode Assembly Studied Using a Solid-State Electrochemical Cell

The electrochemical dissolution of the Pt cathode catalyst, which determines the lifetime of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), has been studied. A newly developed solid-state electrochemical cell, which consisted of a Nafion membrane sandwiched by Pt/C-based catalyst layers, was employed for the electrochemical measurement. When humidified O2 and H2 gases were supplied to working and counter electrodes, respectively, the Pt electrochemical surface area (ESA) decreased during the potential cycle for 20 h. The highest rate of ESA decrease was recorded for an alternating potential cycle between (i) a positive-potential region of 0.2−0.65 V vs Ag/Ag2SO4 and (ii) a negative-potential region of −0.73 to −0.4 V vs Ag/Ag2SO4. From an SEM−EDS observation of the cross section of a membrane sample after the potential cycle, Pt particles are found in the Nafion membrane, indicating that the decrease in ESA caused by Pt dissolution brings about the Pt deposition in the membrane. Under the assumption that O2 redu.
Rethinking Function-Space Variational Inference in Bayesian Neural Networks

Bayesian neural networks ( bnn s) deﬁne distributions over functions induced by distributions over parameters. In practice, this model speciﬁcation makes it diﬃcult to deﬁne and use meaningful prior distributions over functions that could aid in training. What’s more, previous attempts at deﬁning an explicit function-space variational objective for approximate inference in bnn s require approximations that do not scale to high-dimensional data. We propose a new function-space approach to variational inference in bnn s and derive a tractable variational by linearizing the bnn ’s posterior predictive distribution about its mean parameters, allowing function-space variational inference to be scaled to large and high-dimensional datasets. We evaluate this approach empirically and show that it leads to models with competitive predictive accuracy and signiﬁcantly improved predictive uncertainty estimates compared to parameter-space variational inference
A Weaknesses of Mean Smoothing

In contrast to classification networks, where each output head encodes a function f : R − → [0, 1], the 2 output of regression networks may vary over a larger range of values, e.g., between some lower and 3 upper bounds l and u. If we directly apply the same techniques for certifying classification output, 4 based on bounding the gap between the highest and second-highest class probabilities, the resulting 5 bounds on regression can be rather loose. To better articulate this claim, we derived the following 6 result following the work in [1], as we recall from the main paper. 7
Induced crystallization of glass-forming systems: A case of transient heterogeneous nucleation (part II)

Abstract Glass-ceramics which have played an ever increasing role in science and technology in the last two decades are the most widely used representative of a new type of partly crystalline or semi-amorphous materials. They can be prepared by induced crystallization of glass-forming melts. This article, which is in two parts, surveys a number of theoretical and experimental investigations providing closer physical insight into the process of formation of glass-ceramic materials. Part 1 outlines the general principles of nucleation in viscous, glass-forming melts. It is shown that the kinetics of nucleation in glass-forming systems should be quantitatively described only in terms of the transient, more general Zeldovich–Frenkel formulation of the classical theory of phase formation. Part 2 (to appear in the next issue) summarizes experimental evidence on the nonsteady-state kinetics of nucleation and on the activity of nucleating catalyst in various glass-forming melts. A theoretical treatment of the act.
Towards Automatic Image Exposure Level Assessment

The quality of acquired images can be surely reduced by improper exposures. Thus, in many vision-related industries, such as imaging sensor manufacturing and video surveillance, an approach that can routinely and accurately evaluate exposure levels of images is in urgent need. Taking an image as input, such a method is expected to output a scalar value, which can represent the overall perceptual exposure level of the examined image, ranging from extremely underexposed to extremely overexposed. However, studies focusing on image exposure level assessment (IELA) are quite sporadic. It should be noted that blind NR-IQA (no-reference image quality assessment) algorithms or metrics used to measure the quality of contrast-distorted images cannot be used for IELA. The root reason is that though these algorithms can quantify quality distortion of images, they do not know whether the distortion is due to underexposure or overexposure. This paper aims to resolve the issue of IELA to some extent and contributes to two aspects. Firstly, an Image Exposure Database (IEpsD) is constructed to facilitate the study of IELA. IEpsD comprises 24,500 images with various exposure levels, and for each image a subjective exposure score is provided, which represents its perceptual exposure level. Secondly, as IELA can be naturally formulated as a regression problem, we thoroughly evaluate the performance of modern deep CNN architectures for solving this specific task. Our evaluation results can serve as a baseline when the other researchers develop even more sophisticated IELA approaches. To facilitate the other researchers to reproduce our results, we have released the dataset and the relevant source code at https://cslinzhang.github. io/imgExpo/.
The study of the effect of concentration of the agar-agar solution on the Rheological and thermo rheological behaviour

: The purpose of this work is to study the parameters that influe the rheological behavior of a complex fluid (agar agar solution), on a capillary remoter. , the rheological properties of agar solution were studied, in particular the concentration's effect (0,1%, 0,15%, 0,17%, 0,2%), and temperature (20°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70 °C) on the rheological behavior of the agar solution. A comparative study of various rheological laws (Herschel-Buckley, Cross, Oswald De Waele, Bingham) was made, to establish a model that presents the rheological behavior which applies to different samples of agar solution, based on the coefficient of correlation. Results indicated that the rheological behavior of agar solution depends on the range of shear rate used: for low shear rate (lower than 6.2 s -1 ) the solution of agar can be modeled by an Ostwald-De Waele-type power-law, but for the high shear rate (higher than 6.2 s -1 ) the solution of agar can be described by Bingham's model. The concentration's and temperature's effect of agar solution on the two models studies’ parameters (Ostwald-De Waele, Bingham) was studied.
A method for enhanced analysis of specific as‐grown carbon nanotubes

We present the design of a microsystem along with a series of process steps to integrate carbon nanotubes in a scalable way that allows them for analysis in various experimental equipments. The microsystems consist of drilled thin silicon layers on top of a substrate which accommodate the nanostructures by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) directly within their drills. These layers can then be manipulated in a way that enables the usage of laboratory apparatus requiring substrate‐less samples like transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy is used as an analysis tool to identify the presence and location relative to the microsystem structure. Raman microscopy is used subsequently to confirm the detection and location of the nanostructures and to gain insights into their structural properties. The suggested technique is compatible with various CVD'ed nanowires or nanofibers. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Higher Order Approximation in the Reductive Perturbation Method. I. The Weakly Dispersive System

The higher order approximations in the reductive perturbation method are studied for the weakly dispersive nonlinear system. It is shown that the secular terms appearing in the high order terms are eliminated by adding to the Korteweg-de Vries equation the derivatives of the higher-order conserved densities, the physical effects of which are given by the renormalization of the velocities of the KdV solitons.
Plant communities and anthropo-natural threats in the Shigar valley, (Central Karakorum) Baltistan-Pakistan

The present study elaborates the results of the first phytosociological research conducted in the Shigar valley, Karakorum Mountains along with posed natural and human made threats. Random stratified sampling method was used in order to collect phytosociological data. During field trips carried out in 2013-2016, 14 localities and 35 altitudinal transects were sampled in the elevation range of 2200-4700m. The plant communities were determined, and the plant taxa were analyzed against environmental variables using computer packages. Each community was analyzed for potential threats by point scaling (1-3) method. In all 345 species were recorded belonging to 206 genera and 63 families including few endemic and rare taxa such as Aconitum violaceum var. weilerei, Asperula oppositifolia subsp. baltistanica, Festuca hartmannii, Anaphalis chitralensis, Hedysarum falconeri, Pedicularis staintonii, Clematis alpine var. sibirica and Pyrola rotundifolia subsp. karakoramica. Species richness was observed at middle elevations. Three communities were recognized along altitude with prevailed dry slopes residing maximum thermophilous and petrophilous species. The main controlling factors of species composition and distribution pattern along elevation were soil moisture, substrate, aspect and elevation. Grazing, uprooting, trampling and cutting were recognized as the major degradation processes of the vegetation. The mountainous vegetation of the study area possesses substantial plant biological diversity with unique assemblage with elevation. Several anthropo-natural threats were observed mostly connected with direct habitat fragmentation triggering rapid decline in vegetation cover. Nevertheless, the grazing, uprooting and cutting were potential and destructive threats for local plant biota which demand prompt conservation plans.
Realization of In-Band Full-Duplex Operation at 300 and 4.2 K Using Bilateral Single-Sideband Frequency Conversion

CMOS-integrated in-band full-duplex (IBFD) operation in wireless links and cryogenic quantum platforms was previously enabled by magnetic-free circulators using the phase non-reciprocity from spatial-temporal modulation. In this article, we present an alternative and simple integrated circuit scheme, which not only realizes non-reciprocal signal flows required for IBFD operations but also improves the isolation performance by completely eliminating any chip-level transmit (TX)-to-receive (RX) coupling. The above functions are enabled by performing a direction/frequency-independent, single-sideband down-conversion to the counter-propagating TX and RX signals, which creates opposite deviations of on-chip TX and RX frequencies with respect to the antenna (ANT) frequency. Such a principle also broadens the isolation bandwidth and enables integrated receiver down-mixing function. As a proof-of-concept, a 3.4–4.6-GHz (30% fractional bandwidth) IBFD interface is implemented using a 65-nm bulk CMOS technology. The measured TX-to-RX isolation of the circuit is 32–51 dB at 300 K, and 14–29 dB at 4.2 K. The measured TX-to-ANT and ANT-to-RX insertion losses are 3.0 and 3.2 dB at 300 K, and 1.9 and 2.0 dB at 4.2 K. At 300 K, the measured TX-to-ANT and ANT-to-RX IIP3 are 29.5 and 27.6 dBm, respectively. The IBFD core of the chip occupies an area of 0.27 mm2 and has a dc power (nominally consumed in an on-chip modulation clock generator) of 48 mW at 300 K and 42.6 mW at 4.2 K.
Votes, Drugs, and Violence: The Political Logic of Criminal Wars in Mexico

One of the most surprising developments in Mexico's transition to democracy is the outbreak of criminal wars and large-scale criminal violence. Why did Mexican drug cartels go to war as the country transitioned away from one-party rule? And why have criminal wars proliferated as democracy has consolidated and elections have become more competitive subnationally? In Votes, Drugs, and Violence, Guillermo Trejo and Sandra Ley develop a political theory of criminal violence in weak democracies that elucidates how democratic politics and the fragmentation of power fundamentally shape cartels' incentives for war and peace. Drawing on in-depth case studies and statistical analysis spanning more than two decades and multiple levels of government, Trejo and Ley show that electoral competition and partisan conflict were key drivers of the outbreak of Mexico's crime wars, the intensification of violence, and the expansion of war and violence to the spheres of local politics and civil society.
QDs-Cavity Approach to Controlled Quantum Teleportation of GHZ-Like State

The experimental scheme for controlled quantum teleportation of tripartite GHZ-like state is presented. With the entanglement generating through the interaction between the quantum dots in microcavities and a single photon, the controlled teleportation can be realized by virtue of Faraday rotation, single photon detection and electron spin orientation measurement. The success probability of the scheme can reach 1 if the cavities are switchable to choice the appropriate Faraday rotation angle. The scheme can be easily generalized to the teleportation of multipartite GHZ-like state.
STATUS AND PHOSPHORUS SOLUBILIZATION POTENTIAL OF BACTERIA AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ISOLATED FROM VARIOUS LOCATIONS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE

The soils of Pakistan are alkaline calcareous in nature and its high pH makes phosphorus (P) unavailable for plants uptake. Chemical sources of P fertilizers are a costly and detrimental practice. Therefore, investigations were conducted to determine the native status of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in three different zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. In order to select the efficient PSB strains for solubility enhancement of P from rock phosphate (RP), rhizosphere soil samples were collected from irrigated and rainfed fields of maize, sorghum, pastures and vegetables. Population density of PSB ranged from 1.7×10 to 2.7×10 CFU g rhizosphere soil. The bacterial strains Coccus, Streptoccocus and Bacillus sp. were identified on the basis of their microscopic, phenotypic and morphological characters. Most of the AM fungal spores identified were belonging to Glomus mosseae and Glomus intradices. A range of 02-35 spores per 20 g air dried soil were recorded.The PSB strains such as Coccus DIM7, Streptococcus PIM6 and Bacillus sp. PIS7 solubilized more P from RP than any other strain in both of the liquid and solid medium. Results show that areas under investigations are rich in P solubilizing micro flora providing a rich source for inoculum production. Moreover, the PSB strains have the capability to solubilize P from RP that can be used as biofertilizers for optimum crop production.
IMMUNIZATION OF EIMERIA TENELLA AND KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE ANTIGENS EFFECTS ON SOME BLOOD ENZYMES IN LOCAL BREED RABBITS

The aim of this study was to investigate the immunization effect of Eimeria tenella and Klebsiella pneumoniae in some blood enzymes by using 16 local breed rabbits which are divided into 4 equal groups (4 each). The first group immunized with S/C by 1000 ug/ml of sonicated E. tenella antigen; the second group immunized by 1000 ug/ml of sonicated K. pneumoniae antigen; the third group immunized by 500 ug/ml of both antigens; the forth group was injected with 1 ml S/C phosphate buffer saline (Control). The results were shown that the third group gave high levels of blood enzymes (GGT, AST, ALT, and ALP) followed by the second group and finally the first group compared with control with significant differences (P<0.05, P<0.01). The conclusion of this study refers to the compared antigens for immunization increase the blood enzymes is the immunized animals and effects by the type of antigen rather than dose of immunization and we think it is the first study that deals with this subject (novel study).
Secondary Education: Measuring Secondary Uses of 2FA Phone Numbers

If a security feature requires user data, concerns over secondary uses of that data may inﬂuence user adoption of the feature. We explore secondary uses of phone numbers that users share for two-factor authentication. Some companies have reused these numbers for purposes unrelated to security, such as targeted advertising. Focusing on top sites, we assessed user-observable secondary uses of phone numbers in two ways. First, we examined web trafﬁc for evidence that sites share numbers with third parties when the user enrolls in two-factor authentication. Second, we monitored calls, voicemail, and text messages to the phone numbers over a two-month period after enrollment. We observed neither form of secondary use in our analysis. Our results suggest a consistent norm against these secondary uses, with potential implications for companies considering practices that deviate from these norms.
IMPACT OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT ON THE CONFIDENCE OF YOUNG LEARNERS IN THE SECOND LANGUAGE CLASSROOM

The aim of this paper is to explore the benefits of formative assessment and to show how formative assessment tasks can impact confidence and motivation of young learners in the second language classroom. It presents a small scale study and its findings indicate that students perform much better if they receive feedback on their performance on a regular basis and that formative assessment tasks could be a way to enhance student motivation and thus improve language acquisition.
Vibrational relaxation of N2 by H2O

The vibrational relaxation of N2 by H2O has been measured behind incident shock waves in the temperature range from 1600 to 3100 °K. The H2O concentration was measured with a calibrated capacitance hygrometer. The vibrational relaxation was monitored by redundant diagnostics: interferometric measurements of the gas density and infrared emission measurements of the CO fundamental band using CO as a tracer species to reflect the N2 vibrational energy. The experimental results support the slowest published measurements of von Rosenberg et al. Taken together with existing low‐temperature data, the deactivation of N2 by H2O can be expressed in the form pτN2–H2O=exp(21T−1/3−1.35) μsec‐atm.
Properties of singlet- and triplet-excited states of hemicyanine dyes

The fluorescence emission spectra and fluorescence quantum yields of hemicyanine dyes LDS 698, LDS 722, and LDS 730 were measured in different media. No transient species was detected in the laser flash-photolysis experiments performed with Ar-saturated solutions of the dyes in methanol. However, in the presence of 0.08 M potassium iodide, the absorption of the triplet states was clearly observed. Oxygen consumption measurements in the absence and presence of a chemical trap (furfuryl alcohol) in MeOH: H2O (φr = 1: 1) solutions of the dyes containing KI confirmed the generation of singlet molecular oxygen.