Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reversal of Obesity: the Quest For the Optimum Dietary Regimen

A new approach to weight loss and weight loss maintenance is urgently needed, with the global epidemic of obesity leading to ever higher levels of chronic disease. This new approach should be cheap and simple, it should maintain essential nutrients and not deplete lean mass, should have minimal adverse effects and be carried out safely at home without support from the healthcare profession. This review looked at the forms of caloric restriction (CR) investigated in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and found that supervised continuous and intermittent CR was more effective than other forms of weight loss over periods from 12 weeks to 2 years and could improve cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors. CR was equally as effective as bariatric surgery, suggesting that it is the post-surgery caloric restriction that has the impact on weight, rather than the surgery itself. Intermittent CR, including alternate day fasting (ADF), was as effective as continuous CR but may show improved compliance and higher lean mass. Unsupervised weight loss maintenance presents a greater problem, since in most weight loss regimens all the weight lost is ultimately regained. Although both continuous and intermittent CR can be effective, it has been found that ADF and a higher protein intake is more likely to maintain the weight loss. These results hold for all age groups and ethnicities and both genders. These findings suggest that intermittent CR, and particularly ADF, may be a viable form of weight loss and maintenance which fulfils all the criteria above. It is therefore recommended that larger RCTs investigate intermittent CR and ADF as a viable and cost effective form of weight loss and weight loss maintenance. DOI : 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-17-1548 Corresponding author: Rachel Nicoll, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University and Heart Centre, Umeå, Sweden, Email: rachelnicoll25@gmail.com, Phone: 0044-207 585 1443
Environmental management need environmental indicators

OECD countries are collectively the biggest users of natural resources in the world and the environmental, economic and social consequences of the production and consumption of these resources and of related economic activities extend far beyond their borders. Environmental indicators are powerful tools that serve many purposes, useful as tools for performance evaluation and public information. Together with its member countries, the OECD has established a common approach and framework for developing, measuring and using environmental indicators: the OECD Core Set and its core environmental indicators (CEI); several sets of sectoral environmental indicators (SEI) (e.g. transport, energy); a small set of key environmental indicators (KEI). The development of indicators is a dynamic process that is constantly subject to updating and improvement.
Joint inversion of surface waves and teleseismic body waves across the Tibetan collision zone: the fate of subducted Indian lithosphere

Our study has included data from GSN (including IC, IU and II), China Digital Seismograph Network, GEOSCOPE, IRIS-IDA, Pacific-21, Kyrgyz Digital Network, Kyrgyz Seismic Telemetry Network and IRIS-USGS permanent seismic networks and the MANAS, Tien Shan Continental Dynamics, Tibetan Plateau Broadband Experiment, INDEPTH II, INDEPTH III, INDEPTH IV/ASCENT, HIMNT, Bhutan, Nanga Parbat Pakistan and GHENGIS PASSCAL temporary seismic deployments. We thank IIEES and LGIT for seismic data from Iran and also SEISUK for provision and assistance with instruments operated in northeast India. CN was supported by a Natural Environment Research Council studentship (grant NE/H52449X/1), with CASE funding from AWE Blacknest. We thank Nick Rawlinson and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive and helpful reviews. Figures were prepared with Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) software (Wessel & Smith 1998).
On the Spatial and Temporal Accuracy of Overset Grid Methods for Moving Body Problems

A study of numerical attributes peculiar to an overset grid approach to unsteady aerodynamics prediction is presented. Attention is focused on the effect of spatial error associated with interpolation of intergrid boundary conditions and temporal error associated with explicit update of intergrid boundary points on overall solution accuracy. A set of numerical experiments are used to verify whether or not the use of simple interpolation for intergrid boundary conditions degrades the formal accuracy of a conventional second-order flow solver, and to quantify the error associated with explicit updating of intergrid boundary points. Test conditions correspond to the transonic regime. The validity of the numerical results presented here are established by comparison with existing numerical results of documented accuracy, and by direct comparison with experimental results.
The Routledge encyclopedia of translation technology

Introduction Chan Sin-wai Acknowledgement Part 1: General Issues of Translation Technology * The Development of Translation Technology: 1967-2013 Chan Sin-wai * Computer-aided Translation: Major Concepts Chan Sin-wai * Computer-aided Translation Systems Ignacio Garcia * Computer-Aided Translation: Translator Training Lynne Bowker * Machine Translation: General Liu Qun and Zhang Xiaojun * Machine Translation: History of Research and Applications W. John Hutchins * Example-based Machine Translation Billy Wong Tak-ming and Jonathan Webster * Open-Source Machine Translation Technology Mikel L. Forcada * Pragmatics-based Machine Translation David Farwell and Stephen Helmreich * Rule-based Machine Translation Yu Shiwen and Bai Xiaojing * Statistical Machine Translation Liu Yang and Zhang Min * Evaluation in Machine Translation and Computer-aided Translaton Kit Chunyu and Wong Tak-ming * The Teaching of Machine Translation: The Chinese University of Hong Kong as a Case Study Cecilia Wong Suk Man Part 2: The National / Regional Developments of Translation Technology * Translation Technology in China Qian Duoxiu * Translation Technology in Canada Elliott Macklovitch * Translation Technology in France Sylviane Cardey * Translation Technology in Hong Kong Chan Sin-wai, Ian Chow and Wong Tak-ming * Translation Technology in Japan Hitoshi Isahara * Translation Technology in South Africa Gerhard van Huyssteen and Marissa Griesel * Translation Technology in Taiwan: Track and Trend Shih Chung-ling * Translation Technology in the Netherlands and Belgium Leonoor van der Beek and Antal van den Bosch * Translation Technology in the United Kingdom Christophe Declercq * A History of Translation Technology in the United States of America Jost Zetzsche and Jennifer DeCamp Part 3: Specific Topics in Translation Technology * Alignment Lars Ahrenberg * Bitext Alan K. Melby, Arle Lommel, and Lucia Morado Vazquez * Computational Lexicography Zhang Yihua * Concordancing Federico Zanettin * Controlled Language Rolf Schwitter * Corpus Li Lan * Editing in Translation Technology Christophe Declercq * Information Retrieval and Text Mining Kit Chunyu and Nie Jian-Yun * Language Codes and Language Tags Sue Ellen Wright * Localization Keiran Dunne * Natural Language Processing Olivia Kwong * Online Translation Federico Gaspari * Part of Speech Tagging Felipe Sanchez-Martinez * Segmentation Freddy Y. Y. Choi * Speech Translation Tan Lee * Subtitling and Technology Jorge Dias-Cintas * Terminology Management Kara Warburton * Translation Memory Alan K. Melby and Sue Ellen Wright * Translation Management Systems Mark Shuttlewort
Effects of moisture in asphalt concrete

Coupled adhesive and cohesive damage in asphalt concrete (AC) is computed using finite element method (FEM) modeling under dry and wet conditions. A small scale FEM model of AC is developed using ABAQUS, consists of an aggregate coated with matrix materials. Cohesive damage evaluated in matrix materials and adhesive damage evaluated at matrix-aggregate interface. Results indicate that cohesive damage initiates in the matrix materials and progresses towards matrix-aggregate interface and initiates adhesive damage. As expected, both adhesive and cohesive damages are higher under wet condition than dry condition. Moist aggregate influences adhesive damage by decreasing contact stress and increasing contact opening at the interface. Lower stiffness and strength of wet samples are responsible for higher adhesive and cohesive damages in AC.
Financial Education, Investor Protection and International Portfolio Diversification

This paper investigates the tension between regulation and financial education in explaining one of the major puzzles in international finance, that is the lack of international diversification. We show that both dimensions are relevant: higher investor’s financial education fosters international investment and stronger minority investor protection legislation attracts inward investment. More interestingly, these factors appear to be substitute in enhancing investor’s portfolio diversification: the role of financial education is particularly pronounced where information problems and monitoring costs are likely to be more severe, that is in countries where protection of minority shareholders’rights is weaker. We interpret this evidence as supportive of the conjecture that the main channel through which financial education contributes to international diversification consists of loosening the informational constraints binding foreign investors.
Candida albicans' key mediators in the PKC pathway as novel targets of bisindolylmaleimides

Zahlreiche Infektionen in unserem Korper werden heutzutage von Pilzen hervorgerufen. Unter einer grosen Vielfalt verschiedener Pilzarten befindet sich Candida albicans, der als einer der Haupterreger gilt. Welweit wird er gefurchtet, da er sich durch eine hohe Todesrate auszeichnet. Besonders immunsuprimierte Patienten sind von der Candidose betroffen, in deren Korper sich der Erreger sehr schnell ausbreitet. Unter normalen physiologischen Bedingungen ist dieser Pilz ein harmloser Bewohner unserer Flora, doch minimale Abweichungen dieser Lebensverhaltnisse konnen eine Infektion auslosen. Die herkommlichen Behandlungen mit antimykotischen Therapeutika stosen meist auf eine Blockade, da der Erreger ausgeklugelte Mechanismen entwickelt hat, um eine Resistenz aufzubauen. Die Behandlung von Candida albicans mit herkommlichen Antimykotika induziert die Bildung von reaktiven Sauerstoffradikalen, welche parallel zahlreiche Signalwege aktivieren. Besonders der PKC- und Calcineurin Signalweg scheinen masgeblich an Candida albicans Abwehrsystem beteiligt zu sein. Dabei treten die Schlusselenzyme (Hsp90, PKC und GSK3) in den Vordergrund, die eine Reihe von Transkriptionen im Korper codieren. Die Erforschung der verschiedenen Proteinexpressionen dieses Hefepilzes bestatigte das Vorhandensein dieser Schlusselenzyme. Nun musste ein passender Inhibitor gefunden werden, der diese Signaltransduktionskette zu unterbrechen vermochte. Von der Gruppe der Bisindolymaleimides war bereits bekannt, dass sie PKC angreifen und inhibieren. Jedoch wurden diese Studien nur mit krebsbefallenen menschlichen Zellen durchgefuhrt und nicht mit Candida albicans. Mit Hilfe der Micro-Affinitats-Studie wurden die Interaktionen zwischen PKCƞ und BisIII beobachtet, wobei sich die Tatsache zu bewahrheiten erschien , dass BisIII genau auf den PKC Signalweg wirkt. Diese Erkenntnis konnte nun als Ansatzpunkt fur weitere Forschungen mit BisIII verwendet werden, um so die Resistenz von Candida albicans gegen Antimykotika effizient zu eliminieren und dabei den Erfolg einer antimykotischen Therapie zu erhohen.
School Working Papers – Series 2005 SWP 2005 / 18 ENDOGENOUS LIBERALIZATION AND WITHIN-COUNTRY INEQUALITY : A THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

We theoretically model and empirically investigate a society’s liberalization decision and its impact on income inequality. The motivation is that a blanket conclusion that globalization increases inequality within countries can be misleading. In the paper, the decision of the society rests on the preand post-liberalization utilities of different segments, and, complying with stylized facts, the economy’s structure follows Kuznets’ predictions on industrialization and urbanization. Our findings support the line of research which emphasizes the importance of country-specific factors in prescribing policies. In particular, countries are more likely to open up when relative productivity of migrant ex-rural workers to those of initial urban workers in manufacturing, β, is high, and the society’s tastes for the agricultural goods, α, are not particularly strong. Following liberalization, the income distribution too improves if α is low and β is high. Empirical results show that open economies, ceteris paribus, have 34 higher Gini points than closed economies. In developing countries except Sub-saharan Africa, β can offset this stand-alone effect just after the switch if the switch is made with a minimum β value of 0.67 – 0.89, while in Sub-saharan Africa, this standalone effect can be offset in 10-15 years after the switch. Overall, however, the β effect cannot surpass the stand-alone effect in the whole sample, which implies that the median country has made a “wrong” switch.
Chemical composition and anticancer activity of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) essential oil from Egypt

The aerial parts of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. , wildly grown in Egypt, yielded 0.8 and 1.5% (v/w) of essential oils prepared by hydrodistillation (HD), or by conventional volatile solvent extraction method (preparation of the “absolute”, SE), respectively. The volatile components of this essential oil were determined by GC–MS analyses. Twenty eight compounds were identified in the HD sample, among which caryophyllene oxide (23.50%), 1-terpinen-4-Ol (11.15%), viridiflorol and guaienol (9.84%) were the main components. Meanwhile, 21 compounds were detected in the SE sample; 1-terpinen-4-Ol (30.90%), p-cymen-3-Ol (21.22%) were the main components. The anticancer activity of the prepared oils was evaluated against human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and colon cancer cell line (HCT116). The oil prepared by hydrodistillation revealed an IC50 0.51 µg/ml for MCF-7 and 0.62 µg /ml for HCT116, while that prepared by volatile solvent extraction had a value of 0.80 µg/ml for MCF-7 and 0.91 µg /ml for HCT116. Key words: Achillea fragrantissima, cytotoxic and terpinen-4-ol.
Predicting Color Output of Additive Manufactured Parts

In this paper we address the colorimetric performance of a multicolor additive manufacturing process. A method on how to measure and characterize color performance of said process is pre-sented. Furthermore, a method on predicting the color output is demonstrated, allowing for pre-visualization of parts prior to print. Results show that color prediction can be achieved with an average color difference error of ∆ E ∗ 00 = 1 . 5 and std.dev σ = 0 . 75 , with similar order of magnitude as the literature deﬁned threshold for „Just Noticeable Difference” (JND).
Exploring the use of a gap analysis approach for quantitative evaluation of teaching effectiveness

The article investigates the potential of an adaptation of the SERVQUAL approach for obtaining student feedback. The technique involves measuring the gaps between what students want in terms of teaching delivery and what they actually receive, thereby enabling areas for improvement to be identified. Improving the effectiveness of classroom teaching so as to enhance the students’ learning experience is frequently viewed as a key to raising retention rates. Student feedback, just one of many indicators of teaching quality, plays a crucial role in teaching enhancement. Whilst informal methods are also useful for teaching appraisal, this project investigates a formal approach for obtaining student feedback. If a SERVQUAL type approach can be adapted using a fairly short questionnaire then it may prove a useful alternative / supplement to traditional survey methods for evaluating teaching effectiveness. The project focuses on several undergraduate and postgraduate business Marketing modules and was conducted to see whether the technique offers any particular benefits which the Department of Business and Service Sector Management may use in the future.
Cyclopean, Dominant, and Non-dominant Gaze Tracking for Smooth Pursuit Gaze Interaction

User-centered design questions in gaze interfaces have been explored in multitude empirical investigations. Interestingly, the question of what eye should be the input device has never been studied. We compared tracking accuracy between the “cyclopean” (i.e., midpoint between eyes) dominant and non-dominant eye. In two experiments, participants performed tracking tasks. In Experiment 1, participants did not use a crosshair. Results showed that mean distance from target was smaller with cyclopean than with dominant or non-dominant eyes. In Experiment 2, participants controlled a crosshair with their cyclopean, dominant and non-dominant eye intermittently and had to align the crosshair with the target. Overall tracking accuracy was highest with cyclopean eye, yet similar between cyclopean and dominant eye in the second half of the experiment. From a theoretical viewpoint, our findings correspond with the cyclopean eye theory of egocentric direction and provide indication for eye dominance, in accordance with the hemispheric laterality approach. From a practical viewpoint, we show that what eye to use as input should be a design consideration in gaze interfaces.
Coordination of optimal guidance law and adaptive radiated waveform for interception and rendezvous problems

The authors present an algorithm that allows an interceptor aircraft equipped with an airborne radar to meet another air target (the intercepted) by developing a guidance law and automatically adapting and optimising the transmitted waveform on a pulse-to-pulse basis. The algorithm uses a Kalman filter to predict the relative position and speed of the interceptor with respect to the target. The transmitted waveform is automatically selected based on its ambiguity function and accuracy properties along the approaching path. For each pulse, the interceptor predicts its position and velocity with respect to the target, takes a measurement of range and radial velocity and, with the Kalman filter, refines the relative range and range rate estimates. These are fed into a linear quadratic Gaussian controller that ensures the interceptor reaches the target automatically and successfully with minimum error and with the minimum guidance energy consumption.
THE SPECIFICITY OF NATURAL HABITATS OF MENYANTHES TRIFOLIATA L . IN PEAT BOGS OF THE CENTRAL PART OF EASTERN POLAND

Menyanthes trifoliata L. is one of plant species with medicinal properties which are harvested in Poland only from natural stands and at the same time it is a partially protected species. Due to the potential need to grow organic crops of M. trifoliata, an attempt was made to determine the optimal conditions for its growth in natural habitats with no human pressure. The aim of the present study was to determine habitat conditions in natural stands of the species M. trifoliata based on an analysis of selected physico-chemical groundwater factors. The obtained results showed that the following factors might have been important for the numbers and thus the condition of the populations of the species studied: N total, Ptotal, electrolytic conductivity, and pH. To grow organic crops of M. trifoliata, appropriate soil conditions should be created, under which the ranges of concentration values of the determined limiting factors should be within the limits of their mean values found at the sites with the most numerous populations of this species: Ntotal from 4.16 to 27.4 mg ·dm -3 ; Ptotal from 0.93 to 0.14 mg ·dm -3 ; CON from 70.4 to 112 μS·cm -1 ; and pH from 5.23 to 5.55.
Crystallization - The Hidden Dimension of Hedge Funds’ Fee Structure

We investigate the implications of variations in the frequency with which hedge fund managers update their high-water mark on fees paid by investors. We rst doc- ument the crystallization frequencies used by Commodity Trading Advisors (CTAs) and then perform simulations and a bootstrap analysis. We nd a statistically and economically signicant eect of the crystallization frequency on the total fee load. Hedge funds' total fee load increases signicantly as the crystallization frequency increases. As such, our ndings indicate that the total fee load not only depends on the management fee and incentive fee, but also on the crystallization frequency set by the manager.
The Effectiveness of Non-Directive Play Therapy on Decreasing Inappropriate Behavior

The present study investigated the effectiveness of non-directive play therapy, operationalized as non-contingent attention (NCA), no-demands, and an enriched environment, on three developmentally normal children with a history of abuse or neglect. A single-case reversal-replication design was employed. Baseline consisted of contingent attention, demands, and a relatively non-enriched environment. Results indicated that for one of the participants, NCA, no-demands, and an enriched environment successfully decreased inappropriate play behaviors. More specifically, destructive and disrupted play behaviors occurred much less frequently in both treatment conditions compared to the two baseline conditions. The other two participants did not show any clear pattern of change in inappropriate play across experimental conditions. The importance of doing empirical research in this area is discussed, as well as future directions. Non-Directive Play Therapy 3 Dedication With all my love, admiration, and gratitude, I dedicate this project to my parents, who have always freely and generously given their time, encouragement, and guidance. But, most importantly, all the support and love one person could ever need. Non-Directive Play Therapy 4 Acknowledgments I would like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr. Keith Wilson, for all his dedication and guidance throughout the project. I would also like to thank my thesis committee members, Dr. Gary Canivez and Dr. Anu Shanna, for their expertise, enthusiasm, and time. My gratitude also extends to the observers, Amanda, Amy, Jamie, Lori, and Mary, who helped ensure the success of this project. A big hug, smile, and thanks to all my wonderful fiiends, who are so special and dear to me and whose fiiendship I cherish more than words can say. I would especially like to thank three of these beautiful people, who helped me through not only this project, but the past two years, and who are definitely a blessing in my life; Jessica, my "other half' this year, whose constant support, encouragement, and words of wisdom kept me sane. My room.mate Paula, for putting up with my erratic behavior and always finding a way to brighten up my day. Valarie, even though a thousand miles away, was always there to listen and help me realize that "I can. " Non-Directive Play Therapy 5 Table of