Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dreaming and waking consciousness: a character recognition study

The formal features of dream characters were studied in a sample of 320 dream reports submitted by 33 adult subjects (13 male, 20 female) of varying ages in a university extension course. Subjects were queried by questionnaire about dream characters immediately after recording their dreams upon awakening in their normal home setting. It was found that 48% of characters represented a named personage known to the dreamer, 35% were generically identified by their social role (e.g., policeman) or abstract relation to the dreamer (e.g., a friend) while only 16% were wholly novel. Seventy‐seven percent of characters were pseudosensorily present in the dream whereas 23% were present only by mention or thought. Subjects were allowed to endorse one or more of four bases of recognition and, among named characters, 32% were identified by ‘appearance’, 21% by ‘behavior’, 45% by ‘face’, and 44% by ‘just knowing’ (with the respective percentages for generic characters being 39%, 38%, 9% and 40%). Fourteen percent of named and generic characters had associated some element of bizarreness most frequently consisting of an incongruous feature. Comparing the 25 longest and 25 shortest reports, named subjects were significantly more common in the shortest reports whereas generic and unknown characters were more common in the longest reports. Results are interpreted in neurocognitive terms as possibly reflecting a decrease during dreaming relative to waking in the exchange of information between inferotemporal face identification areas and prefrontal areas subserving logic and working memory.
Design of Monitoring System for Multilayer Soil Temperature and Moisture Based on WSN

The temperature and moisture of single soil layer is difficult to represent the real growth environment around crop root. The measurement of temperature and moisture in multilayer and multipoint soil is easy to know water demand around crop root during its growth period deeply and accurately. It also can improve the water utilization coefficient and achieve basic data for the research on soil water infiltration variation and intelligent precise irrigation. In this paper, a monitoring system for multilayer soil temperature and moisture was designed based on WSN using the core ship CC2530. The system consists of three parts: monitoring nodes, a gateway node and a system platform in upper computer. The monitoring system was deployed in farmland. A lot of soil temperature and moisture data was got in real-time, and the changes of soil temperature and moisture in four soil layers with depths of 10cm, 20cm, 30cm and 40cm were obtained. The application in the farmland shows that the system is practical, functional and stable.
Environmental Accounting for Pollution in the United States Economy

This study presents a framework to include environmental externalities into a system of national accounts. The paper estimates the air pollution damages for each industry in the United States. An integrated-assessment model quantifies the marginal damages of air pollution emissions for the US which are multiplied times the quantity of emissions by industry to compute gross damages. Solid waste combustion, sewage treatment, stone quarrying, marinas, and oil and coal-fired power plants have air pollution damages larger than their value added. The largest industrial contributor to external costs is coal-fired electric generation, whose damages range from 0.8 to 5.6 times value added. (JEL E01, L94, Q53, Q56)
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update August 2016

The following sequences have been submitted to the Nomenclature Committee since the August 2016 nomenclature update and, following agreed policy, have been assigned official allele designations (1). Complete details of all sequences will be published in a forthcoming report. Below are listed the newly assigned sequences (Table 1) and confirmations of previously reported sequences (Table 2). The accession number of each sequence is given and these can be used to retrieve the sequence files from the EMBL, GenBank or DDBJ data libraries. Although accession numbers have been assigned by the data-libraries and most sequences are already available, there is still the possibility that an author may not yet have allowed the sequence to be released; in such a case you
Metabolomics in paediatric oncology: a potential still to be exploited

Abstract Oncology is a branch of medicine in rapid evolution in the attempt to find innovative methods for early diagnosis and a better understanding of tumoral processes leading to the development of new therapies. Metabolomics is the emerging discipline among the “omics” sciences which makes it possible to further expand our knowledge concerning cancer biology. Different studies have revealed the potential role of metabolomics in gaining an understanding of pathophysiological processes in cancer, improving tumor staging, characterizing tumors and searching for biomarkers predictive of therapeutic responses. However, to date there are few works aimed at gaining deeper insights into infantile oncology through metabolomics.
Effect of the Ethanolic Extract of Khaya senegalensis on Some Biochemical Parameters on Rabbit's in Glucose Overload Condition

The effect of the ethanolic extract Khaya senegalensis on some biochemical parameters was tested in rabbits with normal glucose and glucose overload. Phytochemical screening after three batches of 6 rabbits race (TBD) were treated with the extract in oral doses of respectively 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight for 30 days; three other groups receiving respectively these doses of the extract were placed under a priori temporary overload of glucose; a control group received instead distilled water treatment. Blood glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol were measured by spectrophotometry and weight gain of the animals was performed at the beginning of the experiment and every 2 weeks during the study period. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenolic compounds (majority) of saponins of anthracene derivatives and steroids in the extract. The test results indicate that under the dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in blood glucose after 24 hours. The extract had no effect on the lipid profile or body weight of rabbits.
Pathology and Pathologic Diagnosis of Radiation Lesions in the Gastro-Intestinal Tract.

The occurrence of lesions in the stomach and intestine as a consequence of radiation therapy is well known. Their nature, frequency and pathogenesis are dealt with in a current review 1 and in other publications,2 so that material will not be repeated here. The purpose of the present paper is to review the radiation reactions of the gastrointestina tract studied in this laboratory and to present the pathologic findings m detail. It is hoped to emphasize those features which may be useful as diagnostic criteria of radiation reaction. With the increasing use of radiation therapy in high doses, lesions are being frequently encountered with which pathologists should be familiar. A determination on pathologic grounds whether a given lesion is entirely or in part due to radiation may have importance for further therapy. The 38 cases employed for study were selected from a considerably larger group in our files. The cases selected were those in which the lesions showed a marked radiation reaction and in which the detils of radiotherapy were available. An outline summary of these cases is presented (Table I). The lesions may be grouped (Table II) according to their location in the gastro-intestina tract and the nature of the reaction. They include ulcers, fistulae and strictures. A reaction comprising fibrosis and scarring, with thickening and induration of the bowel wall in the absence of ulceration, has been termed "sclerosis. " Sclerosis alone may be marked enough to cause a stricture. Many reactions combined ulceration and stricture formation. Many of the lesions developed at sites distant from neoplastic tissue but some occurred at the site of a partially or completely destroyed tumor and must be considered as "ed" lesions. For example, in the bases of some ulcers exhibiting radiation reaction there was widespread infiltraton of neoplastic tissue. However, since the radiation in most cases had been directed at a malignant process, many of the radiaton lesns were in proximity to neoplastic tissue although they tmselves were free of tumor. For example, in one case rectal ulceration characteristic of radiation reaction was present, while the
Tit le Self-organized crit icality theory of autoimmunity ( 膠原病 発症の自己臨界点説 ) 氏名

Background: The cause of autoimmunity, which is unknown, is investigated from a different angle, i.e., the defect in immune ‘system’, to explain the cause of autoimmunity. Methodology/Principal Findings: Repeated immunization with antigen causes systemic autoimmunity in mice otherwise not prone to spontaneous autoimmune diseases. Overstimulation of CD4 T cells led to the development of autoantibody-inducing CD4 T (aiCD4 T) cell which had undergone T cell receptor (TCR) revision and was capable of inducing autoantibodies. The aiCD4 T cell was induced by de novo TCR revision but not by cross-reaction, and subsequently overstimulated CD8 T cells, driving them to become antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). These CTLs could be further matured by antigen crosspresentation, after which they caused autoimmune tissue injury akin to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Conclusions/Significance: Systemic autoimmunity appears to be the inevitable consequence of over-stimulating the host’s immune ‘system’ by repeated immunization with antigen, to the levels that surpass system’s self-organized criticality. Citation: Tsumiyama K, Miyazaki Y, Shiozawa S (2009) Self-Organized Criticality Theory of Autoimmunity. PLoS ONE 4(12): e8382. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0008382 Editor: Derya Unutmaz, New York University, United States of America Received September 11, 2009; Accepted November 30, 2009; Published December 31, 2009 Copyright: 2009 Tsumiyama et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work is supported by the Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, and the Japan Science and Technology Organization. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: shioz@med.kobe-u.ac. jp
Operative versus Nonoperative Management of Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture

Background The optimal management strategy for acute Achilles tendon rupture is controversial. Purpose To determine the optimal management by using expected-value decision analysis. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Outcome probabilities were determined from a systematic literature review, and patient-derived utility values were obtained from a visual analog scale questionnaire. A decision tree was constructed, and fold-back analysis was used to determine optimal treatment. Sensitivity analyses were used to determine the effect of varying outcome probabilities and utilities on decision-making. Results Outcome probabilities (expressed as operative; nonoperative) were as follows: well (0.762; 0.846), rerupture (0.022; 0.121), major complication (0.030; 0.025), moderate complication (0.075; 0.003), and mild complication (0.111; 0.005). Outcome utility values were well operative (7.9), well nonoperative (7.0), rerupture (2.6), major complication (1.0), moderate complication (3.5), and mild complication (4.7). Fold-back analysis revealed operative treatment as the optimal management strategy (6.89 versus 6.30). Threshold values were determined for the probability of a moderate complication from operative treatment (0.21) and the utility of rerupture (6.8). Conclusions Operative management was the optimal strategy, given the outcome probabilities and patient utilities we studied. Nonoperative management was favored by increasing rates of operative complications; operative, by decreasing utility of rerupture. We advocate a model of doctor-patient shared decision-making in which both outcome probabilities and patient preferences are considered.
Body Composition, Strength, and Dietary Intake of Patients with Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis.

PURPOSE To describe body composition (fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM)), strength, and nutritional characteristics of patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis undergoing total joint arthroplasty. METHODS In this prospective pilot study, osteoarthritic patients underwent body composition assessment using bioelectrical impedance analysis, grip strength measurement, and completed a 24-h dietary recall during their pre-operative assessment. RESULTS Fifty-five patients were included (∼66% females, age 43-89 years). Mean ± SD body mass index (BMI) was 32.79 ± 6.48 kg/m(2) and 62% were obese. Compared with hip osteoarthritis patients, knee osteoarthritis patients had a higher BMI (P = 0.018) and males with knee osteoarthritis had a lower grip strength (P = 0.028). There was a wide range in FM and FFM values across the BMI spectrum. Patients with a higher FM index (FMI, FM/height in m(2)) had higher levels of pain (P = 0.036) and females with higher FMI had a lower grip strength (P = 0.048). Dietary under-reporting was common and many patients did not meet recommendations for protein, vitamins C and E, or omega-3 fatty acids. Those who consumed less protein than the recommended dietary allowance were older (P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS A wide variability of body composition and dietary intake was observed which may impact strength and ultimately affect physical function. As such, patients with osteoarthritis may benefit from targeted nutrition and physical activity interventions before and after surgery.
GLC determination of sorbitol and mannitol in aqueous solutions.

A rapid and specific method is described for the determination of the concentration of sorbitol and mannitol in aqueous solutions. The procedure was also applied to sorbitol USP powder. The developed GLC procedure requires the preparation of the acetate derivative, the addition of an internal standard (dioctyl sebacate), and the use of a hydrogen flame-ionization detector. The liquid phase, ECNSS-M, 5% on Gas Chrom Q, operated at 175°, is well suited for the separation of sorbitol acetate and mannitol acetate, although it is subject to gradual depletion with time. A study was made showing how the loss of this liquid phase affects peak efficiency and resolution. The GLC method is easier, more specific, and less time consuming than the official USP procedure.
Stem Cells Versus Donor Specific Transfusions for Tolerance Induction in Living Donor Renal Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience

Background We undertook this study to define the role of stem cell transplantation (SCT) versus donor-specific transfusion (DST) in tolerance induction and sustenance in living donor renal transplantation (LDRT). Methods In this prospective three-armed trial in LDRT with 13 patients each in demographically well-balanced groups, tolerance induction protocol (TIP) was used with SCT in group 1, DST in group 2, and no induction in group 3. Tolerance induction protocol consisted of SCT/DST under conditioning with bortezomib, methylprednisone, rituximab, and rabbit antithymocyte globulin. Transplantation was performed with prednisone in groups 1 and 2 and with triple immunosuppression in group 3, if lymphocyte/flow crossmatch was negative; and if donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) were absent in the first 2 groups. Posttransplant monitoring included serum creatinine (SCr), peripheral T-regulatory cells (pTregs)(127low/-/CD4+/25high), and DSA for groups 1 and 2; DSA was eliminated in group 3. Rescue IS was started with rise of SCr/DSA/ rejection. Results Tolerance induction protocol was safe. Over a mean follow-up of 2 years, no patient/graft was lost in groups 1 and 2. One patient of group 3 lost graft to noncompliance. Protocol biopsies were unremarkable. Rejections were noted in six patients of group 1, five of group 2, and seven of group 3. Donor-specific antibodies were elevated in three patients of both groups. Mean SCr of all groups was similar; however, pTregs were increased posttransplant in groups 1 and 2 versus group 3. Group 1 had sustained rise in pTregs. Conclusion Stem cell transplantation and DST are useful for immunosuppression minimization in LDRT with sustained generation of pTregs with SCT.
Variants of developmental genes (TGFA, TGFB3, and MSX1) and their associations with orofacial clefts: A case‐parent triad analysis

We selected 262 case‐parent triads from a population‐based study of orofacial clefts in Norway, and examined variants of developmental genes TGFA, TGFB3, and MSX1 in the etiology of orofacial clefts. One hundred seventy‐four triads of cleft lip cases (CL±P) and 88 triads of cleft palate only cases (CPO) were analyzed. There was little evidence for an association of any of these genes with CL±P. The strongest association was a 1.7‐fold risk with two copies of the TGFB3‐CA variant (95% CI=0.9–3.0). Among CPO cases, there was a 3‐fold risk with two copies of the TGFA TaqI A2 allele, and no increase with one copy. Assuming this to be a recessive effect, we estimated a 3.2‐fold risk among babies homozygous for the variant (95% CI=1.1–9.2). Furthermore, there was strong evidence of gene‐gene interaction. While there was only a weak association of the MSX1‐CA variant with CPO, the risk was 9.7‐fold (95% CI=2.9–32) among children homozygous for both the MSX1‐CA A4 allele and the TGFA A2 allele. No association of CPO with the TGFA variant was seen among the other MSX1‐CA genotypes. In conclusion, no strong associations were found between CL±P and variants at these three genes. There was a possible recessive effect of the TGFA TaqI variant on the risk of CPO, with a 3‐fold risk among children homozygous for the variant. The effect of this TGFA genotype was even stronger among children homozygous for the MSX1‐CA A4 allele, raising the possibility of interaction between these two genes. Genet Epidemiol 24:230–239, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low temperature complex for dielectrometry measurements

Design and operating principles of experimental set-up for measuring superlow dielectric losses at temperatures 4.2-0.6 K are presented. The results of model experiments in a millimeter waveband at low temperatures are presented too. The set-up consists of the "top-loading" closed cycle evaporation refrigerator of /sup 3/He and the electrodynamical module. The module contains the sample under study which is shaped as open dielectric resonator on whispering gallery modes. The magnitude of losses is detected by analyzing both the width of resonant curve and the time of response of the resonator to the high-frequency pulse.
Increased Insulin Action and Clearance in Hyperthyroid Newly Diagnosed IDDM Patient: Restoration to Normal With Antithyroid Treatment

In a patient with hyperthyroidism and newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), insulin action and clearance were studied before the initiation of antithyroid treatment and at 3-mo intervals for 1 yr thereafter. The sequential euglycemic clamp technique (5 mM) was used with insulin infusion rates of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 mil · kg−1 · min−1 in four steps of 2 h. The data were compared with nine control subjects and nine newly diagnosed euthyroid IDDM patients treated with insulin for 0.5 mo. Insulin sensitivity was increased in the patients (ED50 40 vs. 52 mU/L, range 43–70, in controls and 70 mU/L, range 59–120, in IDDM subjects). Insulin responsiveness was markedly elevated; the steady-state glucose infusion rate (SSGIR) of step 4 was 104 vs. 64 μmol · kg−1 · min−1 (range 50–79) in controls and 61 junol · kg−1 · min−1 (range 47–69) in IDDM subjects. Insulin clearance was elevated in all steps (1-3, 20–23 vs. 9–15 ml · kg−1 · min−1; 4, 18 vs. 6–12 ml · kg−1 · min−1 in control and IDDM subjects). Parallel to the normalization of thyroid metabolism, insulin action (ED50 60 mU/L, SSGIR in step 4, 51 μmol · kg−1 · min−1) and insulin clearance (steps 1–3, 11–14 ml · kg−1 · min−1; step 4, 7 ml · kg−1 · min−1) returned to the normal range in 6 mo. Both remained within the normal range until 12 mo. In the patient with newly diagnosed IDDM, the initial marked increases of insulin action and clearance were due to coexistent hyperthyroidism. With the amelioration of the hyperthyroid state, both processes became normal. The parallelism between insulin action and clearance suggests a functional relationship.
Building a 3D interactive walkthrough in a digital storytelling classroom experience

This paper presents a real time 3D walkthrough application based on interactive VR technologies, designed and realized with and for secondary school students in order to raise their awareness about their local heritage, in particular the Medieval Walls of Grosseto, Tuscany, one of the rare examples in Italy of defensive walls remained nearly intact to this date. After detailing the learning methodology used in the classroom experiences, the paper thoroughly presents the strategy used to realize the resources needed to build the 3D model of the old town and the final application, built with an interactive digital storytelling approach.
Author ' s personal copy Recoupling fire and aspen recruitment after wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park , USA

We report on the recent growth of upland aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) thickets in northwestern Yellowstone National Park, USA following wolf (Canis lupus L.) reintroduction in 1995. We compared aspen growth patterns in an area burned by the 1988 fires to aspen growth patterns in an adjacent unburned area. Elk (Cervus elaphus L.) are the principal ungulates that use this area to meet foraging needs. Within a 2 m 6 m belt transect established in each aspen thicket, we measured aspen densities and recorded annual browsing and height information on the three tallest post-1988 aspen stems. We found greater densities (p < 0.01) in the burned area relative to the unburned area. A decline in the percentage of stems browsed in the burned area began in 1997, with no measured browsing occurring since 2001. In contrast, the percentage of stems browsed in the unburned area began declining in 2002, with 41% of stems still being browsed in 2004. We hypothesize that the combined effect of fire and a subsequent decrease in herbivory following wolf reintroduction facilitated aspen growth. We further propose that, in addition to any changes in elk density in recent years, a recoupling of fire with increased predation risk from wolves may create a positive feedback loop that improves aspen recruitment. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. * Corresponding author. Current address: Washington State Department of Natural Resources, 1111 Washington Street SE, PO Box 47016, Olympia, WA 985047016, United States. Tel. : +1 360 902 1755; fax: +1 360 902 1789. E-mail address: joshua.halofsky@dnr.wa. gov (J.S. Halofsky).