Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transient growth in oblique shock wave/laminar boundary layer interactions at Mach 5.92

We investigate the nonmodal physical mechanisms responsible for transient growth in a hypersonic laminar boundary layer and in the interaction of this boundary layer with an incident oblique shock wave. The optimal disturbances and growth curves are computed using an adjoint looping approach. We validate this iterative approach by applying it to several parallel boundary layers that have been studied before in great detail. For these parallel flows, the lift-up effect is generally the dominant transient growth mechanism. However, for a Mach 5.92 spatially developing boundary layer, the inviscid Orr mechanism and convective instabilities are responsible for the large transient response. Furthermore, the optimal initial condition corresponding to the oblique shock wave/boundary layer interaction could be related to both the inviscid Orr mechanism and the lift-up effect. Tilted streamwise streaks that oppose the mean shear are present in the upstream boundary layer, and centrifugal instability near the apex of the separation bubble creates small vortices that grow into elongated streamwise structures with time. Due to the strong spatial non-normality of the oblique shock wave/boundary layer interaction, one cannot obtain an accurate lower bound of the transient growth using the direct or adjoint information separately. Therefore, the nonmodal technique, which takes advantage of both the direct and adjoint operators, is an elegant solution to this problem.
New methods for the analysis of long memory time series: application to Spanish inflation

Models for long-memory time series are considered, in which the autocovariance sequence is only parameterized at very long lags, or the spectral density is only parametized at very low frequencies. Various recently proposed methods for estimating the differencing parameters are reviewed, and applied to an economic time series of prices in Spain.
CHEMICAL, FUNCTIONAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED CORN STARCH

Chemical modified corn starch (CMS) such as; starch acetate (SA), starch succinate (SS) and starch phosphate (SP) were prepared, and their chemical, functional properties and biological effects were evaluated. Protein, fat and ash contents of corn starch were decreased by the modification process, except the ash content was increased in SP. Also, the amylose content was decreased in both SA and SP, while it was increased in SS. For functional properties, the obtained results showed that water absorption capacity (WAC) at 25°C and solubility at 90°C were increased in all CMS. Meanwhile, the viscosity was decreased in both SA and SP while, it was increased in SS. Swelling power at 90°C was decreased only in SP . Biological experiment was conducted on normal albino rats after feeding on diet containing 10% of modified starch, the result showed that feeding on both SA and SS decreased the final body weight , while feeding on diet containing SP caused slight increase in final body weight. The experiment on diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in body weight compared with normal rats. Also, feeding on SA significantly decreased serum glucose of healthy and diabetic rats . However , feeding on CMS had no significant differences on lipid fractions, kidney functions and liver functions on healthy rats compared with diabetic rats.
24 P 24 O 96 · 32 H 2 O , a new beryllophosphate with a zeolite framework

Wilancookite, ideally (Ba,K,Na)8(Ba,Li,□)6Be24P24O96·32H2O, is a new mineral species from the Lavra Ponte do Piauí complex granitic pegmatite, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It occurs as tiny dodecahedral {11 0} crystals, deposited on moraesite fibres. Associated primary minerals are albite, montebrasite, Li-bearing micas, cassiterite, elbaite and quartz, while the secondary phosphate association contains fluorapatite, childrenite, eosphorite, zanazziite, greifenstenite, guimarãesite, ushkovite, saléeite and moraesite. The mineral is transparent and colourless, with a vitreous lustre; it is non-fluorescent, brittle, and its streak is white. The estimated Mohs hardness is 4–5, and the calculated density is 3.05 g/cm. Wilancookite is isotropic, colourless, non-pleochroic,with n= 1.560(2) (measured under l= 590nm). Electronand ion-microprobe analyses give (in wt%): P2O5 36.19, SiO2 0.04, Al2O3 0.41, BaO 34.65, Na2O 0.09, K2O 0.32, BeO 12.86, Li2O 0.50, and H2Ocalc 12.31, total 97.37wt%. The resulting empirical formula, calculated on the basis of 96 anhydrous oxygen atoms, is (Ba7.54K0.32Na0.14)S8.00(Ba3.04Li1.57□1.39)S6.00Be24. 08(P23.88Al0.38Si0.03)S24.29 O96·32H2O. The single-crystal unit-cell parameters are a= 13.5398(2)A and V= 2482.21(7)A , space group I23. The eight strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d(in A )(I)(hkl)] are: 6.90(60)(2 0 0), 5.54(80)(2 11), 3.630(60)(3 2 1, 3 1 2), 3.212(70) (3 3 0, 4 11), 3.043(100)(4 2 0, 4 0 2), 2.885(70)(3 3 2), 2.774(80)(4 2 2), and 2.398(60)(4 4 0). The crystal structure of wilancookite has been refined, based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, to R1 = 4.58%; the beryllophosphate framework is similar to that occurring in pahasapaite, and is based on zeolite-RHO cages. The mineral species and name were approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA2015-034). Key-words: wilancookite; new mineral; beryllophosphate; zeolite framework; crystal structure; pegmatite; Minas Gerais; Brazil.
A Highly Sensitive Ammonia Gas Sensor Using Micrometer-Sized Core–Shell-Type Spherical Polyaniline Particles

A highly sensitive NH3 gas sensor based on micrometer-sized polyaniline (PANI) spheres was successfully fabricated. The PANI microspheres were prepared via a facile in situ chemical oxidation polymerization in a polystyrene microsphere dispersion solution, resulting in a core–shell structure. The sensor response increased as the diameter of the microspheres increased. The PSt@PANI(4.5) sensor, which had microspheres with a 4.5 μm average diameter, showed the largest response value of 77 for 100 ppm dry NH3 gas at 30 °C, which was 20 times that of the PANI-deposited film-based sensor. Even considering measurement error, the calculated detection limit was 46 ppb. A possible reason for why high sensitivity was achieved is simply the use of micrometer-sized PANI spherical particles. This research succeeded in providing a new and simple technology for developing a high-sensitivity NH3 gas sensor that operates at room temperature.
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Ulcerative Colitis in Upper Egypt: A single ‎center study ‎ ‎

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Ulcerative Colitis in Upper Egypt: A single center study Abdelmajeed Moussa, Noha Eltaweel, Mohamed Elbadry Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt . Department of Medical Molecular genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. Department of Endemic Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt .
Ethical Fashion Consumerism: A Segmentation and Understanding of Young Swedish Consumers

Driven by an interest in ethical fashion consumption and having identified the necessity for a clear understanding of consumer traits within this increasing phenomenon, we conducted a quantitative research, adopting a objectivist and positivist stance, involving over three-hundred young Swedish consumers. Positioning ourselves along the lines of the behavioral decision theory and assuming a positivist stance, we aimed to identify how young Swedish fashion consumers differ in personal values based on their ethical preferences. The empirical data, collected administering questionnaires among students of Lund University, enabled us to segment consumers based on their attitudes towards ethical fashion issues and consequently to establish their arrangement of personal values. This research contributes to a theoretical understanding and segmentation of ethical fashion consumers and consequently has a remarkable practical value for practitioners within the fashion industry. Four consumer segments are detected and fine nuances are defined using an extended and complete general personal values list such as the Schwartz’s Value Index. A picture of the Swedish young fashion consumer is therefore drawn, making a breach to future research in the European ethical fashion context.
Tunnel ionization of open-shell atoms

A generalized ADK (Ammosov–Delone–Krainov) theory for ionization of open-shell atoms is compared to ionization experiments performed on the transition metal atoms V, Ni, Pd, Ta and Nb. Our theory is found to be in good agreement for V, Ni, Pd and Ta, whereas conventional ADK theory overestimates ionization by orders of magnitude. The key to understanding the observed ionization reduction is the angular momentum barrier. Our analysis shows that the determination of the angular momentum barrier in open-shell atoms is nontrivial. The Stark shift is identified as the second dominant effect responsible for ionization suppression. Finally, these two effects cannot explain the Nb data. An analysis of the electron spins suggests that Pauli blocking might be responsible for the suppression of tunnelling in Nb.
13 2 EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE AND POLICY Choices Ahead

Choices about how to view evidence-based practice (EBP) are being made by educators, practitioners, agency administrators, and staff in a variety of organizations designed to promote integration of research and practice such as clearinghouses on EBP. Choices range from narrow views of EBP such as use of empirically based guidelines and treatment manuals to the broad philosophy and evolving process of EBP, envisioned by its originators, that addresses evidentiary, ethical, and application issues in a transparent context. Current views of EBP and policy are reviewed, and choices that reflect the adopted vision and related indicators are described. Examples include who will select the questions on which research efforts are focused, what outcomes will be focused on, who will select them and on what basis, how transparent to be regarding the evidentiary status of services, how clients will be involved, and whether to implement needed organizational changes. A key choice is whether to place ethical issues front and center.
Characterization of superconducting rings using an in-field Hall probe magnetic mapping system

A Hall probe magnetic imaging system that works in magnetic fields in the range -1 T to 1 T has been implemented, and it has been used to characterize the superconducting behavior of single domain melt textured YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ rings. We show that in addition to the analysis of the evolution of the local magnetic field distribution when the external magnetic field is cycled, the hysteretic behavior of the magnetic moment can also be investigated after integration of the local magnetic field. The critical current density has been determined through the critical state model and it has been compared to that calculated by inversion of the Biot-Savart law. A remarkable agreement is achieved with both methods.
Positive Choices: Evaluation of a national initiative to disseminate evidence-based alcohol and other drug prevention strategies (Preprint)

BACKGROUND To prevent adolescents from initiating alcohol and other drug (AOD) use, and reduce associated harms, effective strategies need to be implemented. Despite their availability, effective school-based programs and evidence informed parental guidelines are not consistently implemented. The Positive Choices drug prevention initiative and website was launched to address this research and practice gap. The intended end users were school staff, parents, and school students. An 8-month post-launch evaluation of the website showed that end users generally had positive feedback on the website’s usability, and following its use the majority would consider the evidence-base and effectiveness of drug education resources. The current study extends this initial evaluation by examining the effectiveness and impact of the Positive Choices initiative over a three-year period. OBJECTIVE Guided by the five dimensions of the RE-AIM framework i.e., reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance, the study assesses the impact and effectiveness of the Positive Choices initiative in increasing awareness and implementation of evidence-based drug prevention. METHODS Data was collected between 2017 and 2019 using online website evaluation and community awareness surveys. Data from the surveys was merged to examine reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance, via descriptive statistics. Google Analytics was used to further understand the reach of the website. The System Usability Scale was used to measure website usability. Additionally, inductive analysis was employed to assess participants’ feedback about Positive Choices. RESULTS Five years post-launch, the Positive Choices website has reached >2 million users. A national Australian campaign increased awareness from 8% to 14% post campaign among school staff, and from 15% to 22% among parents. Following a brief interaction with the website the majority of participants, who were not already following recommended strategies, reported an intention to shift towards evidence-based practices. The System Usability Scale score for the website was ‘good’, for both user groups. The participants intended to maintain their use of the Positive Choices website in the future. Both user groups reported a high level of confidence in communicating about AOD related topics. Participants’ suggestions for improvement informed a recent website update. CONCLUSIONS The Positive Choices website has the capacity to be an effective strategy for disseminating evidence-based drug prevention information and resources widely. The findings highlight the importance of investing in ongoing maintenance of, and promotion to enhance awareness of health websites. With the increased use and acceptability of health education websites, teams should ensure that websites are easy to navigate, engaging, use simple language, contain evidence-informed resources, and are supported by ongoing promotional activities.
High-Gain Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna With Pseudoelement and Notched Tapered Slot Operating at (2.5 to 57) GHz

Novel methods of improving directivity and decreasing sidelobe radiation via the addition of an elliptical pseudoelement and irregularly spaced notches in the tapered slot antenna are presented in this paper. This antenna has been shown to be functional over the C, X, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{K}_{\mathrm {u}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, K, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{K}_{\mathrm {a}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and portions of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>- and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-bands covering (2.5 to 57) GHz (22.8:1 bandwidth, defined where VSWR < 3). Minimum and maximum realized gains of 4 and 16 dB were achieved at 2.7 GHz and 29.8 GHz, respectively. The antenna offers directive radiation patterns with a half-power beamwidth under 40° for frequencies above 6 GHz and under 30° for frequencies above 32 GHz. As compared with other Vivaldi antennas reported in the past, the proposed design offers a larger bandwidth while providing higher peak gain and average gain. Good agreement was observed between simulation and measurements.
An Ensemble Based Evolutionary Approach to the Class Imbalance Problem with Applications in CBIR

In order to lower the dependence on textual annotations for image searches, the content based image retrieval (CBIR) has become a popular topic in computer vision. A wide range of CBIR applications consider classification techniques, such as artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM), etc. to understand the query image content to retrieve relevant output. However, in multi-class search environments, the retrieval results are far from optimal due to overlapping semantics amongst subjects of various classes. The classification through multiple classifiers generate better results, but as the number of negative examples increases due to highly correlated semantic classes, classification bias occurs towards the negative class, hence, the combination of the classifiers become even more unstable particularly in one-against-all classification scenarios. In order to resolve this issue, a genetic algorithm (GA) based classifier comity learning (GCCL) method is presented in this paper to generate stable classifiers by combining ANN with SVMs through asymmetric and symmetric bagging. The proposed approach resolves the classification disagreement amongst different classifiers and also resolves the class imbalance problem in CBIR. Once the stable classifiers are generated, the query image is presented to the trained model to understand the underlying semantic content of the query image for association with the precise semantic class. Afterwards, the feature similarity is computed within the obtained class to generate the semantic response of the system. The experiments reveal that the proposed method outperforms various state-of-the-art methods and significantly improves the image retrieval performance.
Making Sense of Optogenetics Akash

This review, one of a series of articles, tries to make sense of optogenetics, a recently developed technology that can be used to control the activity of genetically-defined neurons with light. Cells are first genetically engineered to express a lightsensitive opsin, which is typically an ion channel, pump, or G protein–coupled receptor. When engineered cells are then illuminated with light of the correct frequency, opsin-bound retinal undergoes a conformational change that leads to channel opening or pump activation, cell depolarization or hyperpolarization, and neural activation or silencing. Since the advent of optogenetics, many different opsin variants have been discovered or engineered, and it is now possible to stimulate or inhibit neuronal activity or intracellular signaling pathways on fast or slow timescales with a variety of different wavelengths of light. Optogenetics has been successfully employed to enhance our understanding of the neural circuit dysfunction underlying mood disorders, addiction, and Parkinson’s disease, and has enabled us to achieve a better understanding of the neural circuits mediating normal behavior. It has revolutionized the field of neuroscience, and has enabled a new generation of experiments that probe the causal roles of specific neural circuit components.
Imports, supply chains and firm productivity

This paper explores the relationship between imports and firm productivity, focusing on imported intermediates. Using firm-level data on over 20,000 manufacturing firms in Viet Nam, we find evidence for competition-induced productivity gains from trade. We show that gains in intermediate sectors spill-over to downstream sectors such that firms using more inputs from import-intensive sectors experience higher productivity gains. The evidence indicates that the main source of spill-over is better quality, domestically produced inputs. Ignoring the gains from trade through this mechanism may significantly underestimate the impact of trade on productivity.
Timing of Secondary Hydrothermal Alteration of the Luobusa Chromitites Constrained by Ar/Ar Dating of Chrome Chlorites

Chrome chlorites are usually found as secondary phases formed by hydrothermal alteration of chromite deposits and associated mafic/ultramafic rocks. Here, we report the 40Ar/39Ar age of chrome chlorites separated from the Luobusa massive chromitites which have undergone secondary alteration by CO2-rich hydrothermal fluids. The dating results reveal that the intermediate heating steps (from 4 to 10) of sample L7 generate an age plateau of 29.88 ± 0.42 Ma (MSWD = 0.12, plateau 39Ar = 74.6%), and the plateau data points define a concordant inverse isochron age of 30.15 ± 1.05 Ma (MSWD = 0.08, initial 40Ar/36Ar = 295.8 ± 9.7). The Ar release pattern shows no evidence of later degassing or inherited radiogenic component indicated by an atmospheric intercept, thus representing the age of the hydrothermal activity. Based on the agreement of this hydrothermal age with the ~30 Ma adakitic plutons exposed in nearby regions (the Zedong area, tens of kilometers west Luobusa) and the extensive late Oligocene plutonism distributed along the southeastern Gangdese magmatic belt, it is suggested that the hydrothermal fluids are likely related to the ~30 Ma magmatism. The hydrothermal fluid circulation could be launched either by remote plutons (such as the Sangri granodiorite, the nearest ~30 Ma pluton west Luobusa) or by a similar coeval pluton in the local Luobusa area (inferred, not found or reported so far). Our results provide important clues for when the listwanites in Luobusa were formed.
Challenges in Multimodal Image-guided Targeted Prostate Biopsy

The fusion of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ultrasound (US) for targeted prostate biopsy can solve the diagnostic dilemma of patients with repeated negative prostate biopsies seen in the conventional Trans-Rectal UltraSound (TRUS) guided systematic biopsy. Recently, 68 Gallium labeled ligand of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen ( 68 Ga-PSMA) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was introduced that, in conjunction with MRI, provides combined molecular and structural information for the detection of Prostate Cancer (PCa) [1]. Hence, we developed an open source framework [2] that combines the preoperative PET/MRI images with TRUS and provides multimodal image guidance for targeted biopsy. In this paper, we present the technical challenges in the development of multimodal image guided prostate biopsy, especially in 3D TRUS acquisition and multimodal image registration. Further, we explain the steps to address these specific challenges and some unsolved problems. Finally, we discuss the clinical evaluation of the system.
An alternative P II protein in the regulation of glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli

Wally C. van Heeswijk, 1,2† Sjouke Hoving, 2‡ Douwe Molenaar, 2§ Brenda Stegeman, 2} Daniel Kahn 3 and Hans V. Westerhoff 1,2†* E.C. Slater Institute, University of Amsterdam, Plantage Muidergracht 12, NL-1018 TV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Division of Molecular Biology (H5), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, NL-1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire des RelationsPlantes Microorganismes, CNRS-INRA, BP27, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France.
Systematic study of the nuclear potential diffuseness through high precision back-angle quasi-elastic scattering

High precision measurements for back-angle quasi-elastic scattering of $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ from various target nuclei have been made, and are compared with coupled channels calculations to determine the diffuseness of the real part of the Woods-Saxon nuclear potential. The extracted diffuseness parameters are in the range of $0.60$ to $0.69$ fm, and agree well with previous results using a $^{32}\mathrm{S}$ projectile. The measured quasi-elastic energy spectra close to the barrier show both discrete peaks and a broad continuous structure with $Q$-values down to $\ensuremath{-}25$ MeV. These suggest the inadequacy of coupled channels calculations that include couplings only to low energy, discrete states of the colliding nuclei.