Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information and other Factors Influencing Treatment Expenditures Incurred by Buruli Ulcer Sufferers in the Nsawam-Adoagyiri Municipality of Ghana

We analyzed the factors influencing the treatment expenditures incurred by sufferers of Buruli ulcer disease in the Nsawam-Adoagyiri Municipality in the Eastern Region of Ghana using a random sampling survey. The factors analyzed in the study included the information about the disease available to the sufferers related to time and the stage of the disease that sufferers reported the disease to health clinics and hospitals. We showed that the factors that significantly influenced treatment expenditures included the income of the sufferer, early reporting of the disease to clinics, and the employment status of the sufferer. Higher-income people spent more money to treat the disease than those with lower incomes. People who were unemployed spent relatively money in treating the disease as compared to those who were employed. With increasing incomes, sufferers who reported the disease to clinics in the early stages of the disease, incurred relatively less costs compared to those of similar high-income group of sufferers who reported the disease to clinics at the ulcerative stage of the disease.
Small-Deviation Inequalities for Sums of Random Matrices

Random matrices have played an important role in many fields including machine learning, quantum information theory, and optimization. One of the main research focuses is on the deviation inequalities for eigenvalues of random matrices. Although there are intensive studies on the large-deviation inequalities for random matrices, only a few works discuss the small-deviation behavior of random matrices. In this paper, we present the small-deviation inequalities for the largest eigenvalues of sums of random matrices. Since the resulting inequalities are independent of the matrix dimension, they are applicable to high-dimensional and even the infinite-dimensional cases.
A Complex Model of Consumer Food Acquisitions: Applying Machine Learning and Directed Acyclic Graphs to the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS)

Complex causal relationships among a large set of variables that affect the U.S. households’ food acquisition and purchase decisions were estimated using machine learning algorithms and directed acyclic graphs. Asians and Hispanics live in an environment with high concentrations of fast- and non-fast food restaurants. Obesity is less prevalent among Asians. Being Hispanic makes one to be more food insecure. Those with higher incomes are food secure and obesity is less prevalent among them. Being Black positively causes to be a SNAP participant and food insecure. Obesity is positively caused by fair/poor health and diet status.
Implementation of a comprehensive ice crystal formation parameterization for cirrus and mixed-phase clouds in the EMAC model (based on MESSy 2.53)

Abstract. A comprehensive ice nucleation parameterization has been implemented in the global chemistry-climate model EMAC to improve the representation of ice crystal number concentrations (ICNCs). The parameterization of Barahona and Nenes (2009, hereafter BN09) allows for the treatment of ice nucleation taking into account the competition for water vapour between homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation in cirrus clouds. Furthermore, the influence of chemically heterogeneous, polydisperse aerosols is considered by applying one of the multiple ice nucleating particle parameterizations which are included in BN09 to compute the heterogeneously formed ice crystals. BN09 has been modified in order to consider the pre-existing ice crystal effect and implemented to operate both in the cirrus and in the mixed-phase regimes. Compared to the standard EMAC parameterizations, BN09 produces fewer ice crystals in the upper troposphere but higher ICNCs in the middle troposphere, especially in the Northern Hemisphere where ice nucleating mineral dust particles are relatively abundant. Overall, ICNCs agree well with the observations, especially in cold cirrus clouds (at temperatures below 205 K), although they are underestimated between 200 and 220 K. As BN09 takes into account processes which were previously neglected by the standard version of the model, it is recommended for future EMAC simulations.
Complementarities in performance between product, marketing innovation and co-operation with clients in Estonia

This paper examines the complementary relationship between product innovation, marketing innovation and co-operation with clients in Estonian firms. The complementary relationship is evaluated with the effect on firm’s performance measures, total factor productivity and turnover per employee. The cross-sectional sample is based on Estonian firms Community Innovation Survey (CIS) answers and Estonian Business Register data from years 2002-2012 and firms are divided into manufacturing and service industry. The regression analysis is conducted with Heckman selection model and the complementarity of studied actions is analyzed with supermodularity approach. It is found that product innovation and marketing innovation are substitutes in manufacturing industry and complementary in service industry. Co-operation with clients is complementary to product innovation in manufacturing industry and substitute to marketing innovation in service industry. Using panel data as robustness test, showed that total factor productivity indicator should be studied through time to see the complementary effects between co-operation with clients and the studied innovations.
A general workflow for differential expression analysis of RNA-seq and introductions on related tools

RNA-seq technology have been used widely in many biological research field, but analyzing the enormous RNA-seq data is still a big challenge to biologist without sufficient knowledge of bioinformatics. Considering that the differential expression analysis is a crucial and tricky application of RNA-seq, we introduce a general workflow in this paper. In order to make our instruction more practical, we also provide the basic usage of some famous analysis tools for each step of the workflow.
Sequence Analysis of the Protein Structure Homology Modeling of Growth Hormone Gene from Salmo trutta caspius

In view of the growth hormone protein investigated and characterized from Salmo trutta caspius. Growth hormone gene in the Salmo trutta caspius have six exons in the full length that is translated into a Molecular Weight (kDa): ssDNA: 64.98 and dsDNA: 129.6. There are also 210 amino acid residue. The assembled full length of DNA contains open reading frame of growth hormone gene that contains 15 sequences in the full length. The average GC content is 47% and AT content is 53%. This protein multiple alignment has shown that this peptide is 100% identical to the corresponding homologous protein in the growth hormone protein which including Salmo salar (Accession number: AAA49558.1) and Rainbow trout (Salmo trutta) (Accession number: AAA49555.1") sequences. The sequence of protein had deposited in Gene Bank, Accession number: AEK70940. Also we were analyzed second and third structure between sequences reported in Gene Bank Network system. The results are shown, there are homology between second structure in three sequences including: Salmo trutta caspius, Salmo salar and Rainbow trout. Regarding third structure, Salmo trutta caspius and Salmo salar are same type, but Rainbow trout has different homology with Salmo trutta caspius and Salmo salar. However, the sequences were observed three parallel " helix and in second structure there were almost same percent $ sheet.
Uso de modelos ocultos de markov para modelar proceso de supresión de efectos nódicos en celdas de reducción electrolítica de aluminio primario

Resumen: En este trabajo se usan los Modelos Ocultos de Markov, mejor conocidos por sus siglas en ingles, HMM (Hidden Markov Model), para modelar el proceso de supresion de efectos anodicos en celdas de reduccion electrolitica de aluminio primario, del tipo P-19S, operando a una corriente promedio de 160 KA y un voltaje de 4.3 VDC. En base a una secuencia de observaciones sobre el comportamiento del voltaje y de la concentracion de alumina ( ) en el bano electrolitico, el HMM disenado determino la secuencia de estados del puente de anodos y del sistema de rotura de costra y agregado de alumina. Ademas, se calculo la probabilidad de que ocurra tanto la secuencia de observaciones como la secuencia de estados. Abstract: Hidden Markov Models (HMM) are used in the current work to model the anode effect process in electrolytic potcells for aluminum reduction of the P-19s type, which operates at an average current of 160KA and a nominal voltage of 4.3VDC. Based on a sequence of observations over the voltage behavior, and the fluctuation of the alumina concentration in the electrolytic bath, the HMM designed here is used to determine the most likely sequence of states of the superstructure that supports the anodes and of the breaking/feeding subsystem which could cause that observations sequence. Furthermore, the probability of occurrence of that states sequence and the most likely next state the system will take are calculated by using the Viterbi’s Algorithm.
THE PERVASIVE HUMAN RESOURCE PICTURE IN BUYER- SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIPS

Purpose: to explore the role of human resource (HR) practices in inter-organisational supply relationships, and to describe the extent to which supply partners seek to adapt their internal HR practices to the external relationship. Design/Methodology: inter-organisational relationships are known to be multi-dimensional in nature. Using seven dimensions to collect empirical evidence, we focused on a dyadic supply relationship as the unit of analysis. We undertook 48 interviews from informants in both organisations. Findings: we show that the supply relationship tends to be taken for granted at operational levels, and not subject to the relatively high levels of strategic alignment to be found at senior levels in both organizations. Operational aspects of the relationship are tested primarily in failure mode when poorly prepared to respond, for example as a result of facility breakdowns and quality problems. Inter-organisational HR practices were relatively weakly prioritised and – despite their acknowledged importance at operator level were not clearly identified and supported in the way that intra-organisational practices were. Originality/Value: we have undertaken an in-depth, operations-based study of HR practices in a reciprocally interdependent supply relationship from the perspectives of both partners. Paper Type: Empirical research paper
Exponents, attractors and Hopf decompositions for interval maps

Abstract Our main results, specialized to unimodal interval maps T with negative Schwarzian derivative, are the following: (1) There is a set CT such that the ω-limit of Lebesgue-a.e. point equals CT. CT is a finite union of closed intervals or it coincides with the closure of the critical orbit. (2) There is a constant λT such that for Lebesgue-a.e. x. (3) λT > 0 if and only if T has an absolutely continuous invariant measure of positive entropy. (4) , i.e. uniform hyperbolicity on periodic points implies λT > 0, and λT < 0 implies the existence of a stable periodic orbit.
Calibration of a probabilistic model of DNA evolution

This thesis has two main results: it describes a model of evolution where the DNA is represented by genes, and it describes how optimal parameters for this model can be found. The main focus lies on the estimation of the number of chromosomal events, though gene events are included as a noise factor. Different methods to statistically estimate the parameters of the model are compared. The adapted estimation methods are applied and estimates for reciprocal translocation and inversion numbers on a phylogenetic tree of 21 Amniota species are provided. To test theoretical results and calculate error margins, the model was implemented in the gene order simulation software MagSimus, created by the group of H. Roest Crollius at the ENS Paris. Together with an implemented optimization framework, the genome analysing software PhylDiag and the chromosomal event estimation software ChromEvol 2, numerical estimates of the model are calculated for a sub-sample of 5 species. Afterwards, the quality of the simulated genomes is assessed. Besides the interest in reliable estimates in historic mutation rates alone, the goal of a realistic simulation is the benchmarking of genome order reconstruction programmes. The data was taken from from the Ensembl genome project (Cunningham et al. (2015)), the Genome Size database (Gregory (2015)) and the Time Tree database (Hedges et al. (2015)). key words: DNA evolution, chromosomal rearrangement, probabilistic model, evolution simulation, estimation
Habitat, density and spatial structure of the forest roe deer population

During the study period (1973-1980) variations were found in population density from 20.8 individuals per 100 ha to 10.4/100 ha. The most important cause of variations in numbers consisted in winter weather conditions. The roe deer Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758) preferred the parts of tree stands in which the coniferous species Pinus silvestris predominated (average 16.1 individuals per 100 ha), to tree stands in which Quercus sessilis predominated (14.1 individuals/100 ha).
Social transfers and income distribution in Cyprus

The urgent need of the Cypriot state for fiscal adjustment puts considerable pressure on social spending. Yet, this process entails the danger of derailing the long-term goals of the government for tackling inequality and poverty. The present paper employs the micro data of the 2008/9 Family Expenditure Survey with a three-fold target. Firstly, we aim at measuring the performance of the Cypriot welfare state on tackling inequality using a statistical approach, as well as a welfare-based approach. Secondly, we assess the anti-poverty impact of social transfers with regard to incidence, intensity and inequality of poverty. Finally, based on the empirical results of the analysis, we provide policy recommendations that serve as useful input for the challenges that policymakers are going to face in the near future.
Discrete Event Simulation of Wireless Cellular Networks

The design of telecommunication networks usually comprises three major phases. First, mathematical analysis is carried out and numerical results obtained. During this phase, simple models are used to facilitate calculations. These simple models involve hypotheses that are not realistic, leading to rough performance figures that are valid only as a first approach to the feasibility of the proposed network. Simulation is the second step in the design process before performance can be monitored and measured in the true network. In contrast to the simple models necessary for the mathematical analysis, models used in simulations permit the relaxation of strict adherence to most of the hypotheses assumed in those models. The results obtained by simulation are much closer to the true world than those obtained by analysis. The simulation of wireless cellular networks raises a set of specific problems that are not encountered in the simulation of other networks. The aim of this chapter is to state those issues and to present several ways to cope with them.
Laboratory Experiment in Engineering Materials for Upper-Level Undergraduate and Graduate Students

Laboratory experiments are a critical part of the required curriculum for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students seeking degrees in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields. These laboratory experiments usually involve materials and/or material properties that were designed to establish a level of specification and implementation methodology. However, often these laboratory experiments were developed for well defined systems in controlled environments in order to take advantage of limited resources such as expensive materials, laboratory space and testing supplies. Material systems that incorporate a dependence on more than one parameter for processing and subsequent characterization pose a significant problem in that the experiment designer may not possess the information to identify the key parameters that influence the critical properties sought after. The ultimate goal is for the student experimental designer to predict parameters and properties based on a limited number of experiments or available data. This paper focuses on the educational merits of a laboratory experiment in engineering materials, and what was learned about educating the upper-level and graduate students. The proposed methodology in this paper describes a general full factorial design for experiments involving the mechanical characterization, specifically the mechanical strength and processing parameters, of a material. This Factorial Design Analysis (FDA) approach facilitates a ‘between-participants’ design analysis that includes more than one independent variable, and has the advantage over a simple randomized design in that you can test the effect of more than one independent variable and the interactive effect of the various independent variables. The method is validated for the optimization of the boundary conditions that influence the material properties of electrodeposited metals. Specifically, a 2 factorial statistical analysis is conducted, analyzed, and a mathematical model derived, to describe how the electrolytes’ boundary conditions influence the mechanical strength of electrodeposited nickel-iron (Ni80Fe20). The critical external boundary conditions examined for this material system include the current density of the electrolytic bath, the bath temperature, and the speed of agitation in the bath. Results show the ANOVA (analysis of variance) table of results for the critical factors, as well as the F-test on the interactions. Based on the results, regression models are developed and surface plots presented for the mechanical strength of the material system as a function of the external boundary conditions.
WEYL'S THEOREMS FOR POSINORMAL OPERATORS

An operator T belonging to the algebra B(H) of bound- ed linear transformations on a Hilbert H into itself is said to be posinormal if there exists a positive operator P 2 B(H) such that TT ⁄ = T ⁄ PT. A posinormal operator T is said to be condi- tionally totally posinormal (resp., totally posinormal), shortened to T 2 CTP (resp., T 2 TP), if to each complex number ‚ there corre- sponds a positive operator P‚ such that j(Ti‚I) ⁄ j 2 = jP 1 2 ‚ (Ti‚I)j 2 (resp., if there exists a positive operator P such that j(T i‚I) ⁄ j 2 = jP 1 2(T i ‚I)j 2 for all ‚). This paper proves Weyl's theorem type results for TP and CTP operators. If A 2 TP, if B ⁄ 2 CTP is isoloid and if dAB 2 B(B(H)) denotes either of the elementary op- erators -AB(X) = AX i XB and 4AB(X) = AXB i X, then it is proved that dAB satisfles Weyl's theorem and d ⁄ satisfles a-Weyl's theorem.
Aerodynamic Validation of Perceptually-Based Breath Group Determination and Temporal Breath Group Structure Analysis in Taiwanese Adolescents with Prelingual Severe to Profound Hearing Impairment

This study reported the reliability and validity of perceptually determined inspiratory loci and temporal breath group structure between 20 young Taiwanese adolescents with prelingual severe to profound hearing impairment (HI) and 20 agegender-education-matched hearing controls (HC). The reliability and validity of perceptual judgment of inspiratory loci were considered satisfactory for both groups, although the HI group exhibited more error rate than the HC group. Furthermore, compared to the HC group, the HI group had more inappropriate inspiratory loci and speech breathing frequencies, longer inter-breath-group pause, but comparable breath group duration.
Implication of non-stationarity in single-trial detection performance of event-related potentials

The electroencephalographic (EEG) signal is known to fluctuate over time due to ongoing brain activity related to various tasks that a subject can do or think of. For this reason, it is typically expected in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) that the extracted brain responses will be non-stationary. The non-stationarity of the EEG signal can have an impact on the performance of the system during long sessions. In addition, BCI systems should aim at reducing the calibration procedure or include the calibration stage during the test phase in an invisible manner. In this paper, we propose to evaluate through different cross-validation approaches to what extent the non-stationarity of the EEG signal has an impact on single-trial detection, and if this effect can be taken into consideration for optimizing the design of BCI based on event-related potentials detection with applications for the triage of images during rapid serial visual presentation (RSVPs) tasks. We use the data obtained from sixteen healthy subjects performing an RSVP task where participants had to count a particular class of images to evaluate single-trial detection performance. The results support the conclusion that the crossvalidation technique, i.e. the order of the examples in the training database, has an impact on the performance, and that existing labeled trials that are set regularly during the test phase can provide a novel way to avoid a calibration procedure in particular BCI settings.
Evaluation and use of in silico structure based epitope prediction for listeriolysin O of Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria infection is major health problem causing listeriosis that manifests as abortion, stillbirth, septicemia, meningitis and meningoencephalitis. Listeriolysin O is the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin toxin involved in the escape of L. monocytogenes from primary and secondary intracellular vacuoles and, therefore, can serve as the vital target for vaccine development. Consequently, the present study was aimed to design epitope-based vaccine against Listeria. LLO, ILO, and SLO proteins from L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii and L. seeligeri, respectively were analyzed using various bioinformatics and immuonoinformatics tools, including sequence and structure-based ones. A total of 11 antigenic B-cell epitopes, and 4 and 3 allelic classes for MHC class I and MHC class II binding peptides, respectively were predicted for LLO protein. The unique peptide 363 LGDLRD 368 was identified in the LLO protein. Further, we also observed that IgG class of B-cells were predominant in these proteins. The study revealed potential B-cell and T-cell epitope that can raise the desired immune response against these proteins. The present study would, therefore, be helpful in designing and predicting novel vaccine candidates, which in near future might offer the source for eradicating listeriosis.
Fabrication of Superplastic Microtubes Using Dieless Drawing Process

Microtube is commonly used and required, particularly as micro components in micro-system technologies (MST) and micro electromechanical systems (MEMS). In this paper, fabrication process of microtube using superplastic dieless tube drawing was studied experimentally. Superplastic material used is Al-78Zn alloy tube with outer diameter of 2 mm and wall thickness of 0.5 mm. A high-frequency induction heating apparatus with air cooling nozzle was used for the dieless drawing. In the experiment of single pass dieless drawing, the effect of drawing conditions such as forming temperature, distance between heater and cooler and tensile speed on deformation profile, was clarified. Furthermore, in three-pass dieless drawing, a microtube with outer and inner diameters of 343 mm and 161 mm respectively can be fabricated successfully. In addition, from the experimental results and fundamental principles, it is confirmed that the ratio of inner to outer tube diameters maintains a constant value during dieless drawing. In other words, the geometrical similarity with the minimization of dimension is satisfied in this process. Finally, it is found that the surface roughness of microtube maintains a constant value in the dieless drawing process. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.P-MRA2008810]