Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in a sample of individuals 40 years and older from the Icelandic population

Background: The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a screening measure for depressive disorders and severity of depressive symptoms. The PHQ-9 has been found to have good psychometric properties across clinical settings and in the general population. In this study, the severity of depressive symptoms in the Icelandic general population of individuals 40 years and older was assessed and compared between females and males both independent of age and across age groups. In addition, psychometric properties of the Icelandic version of the PHQ-9 were assessed. Method: Individuals born in Iceland prior to the year 1975 (i.e., 40 years or older) were offered participation and 78,582 gave consent to being screened for monoclonal gammopathy of undermined significance (MGUS). About half the individuals (i.e., 46%, n = 36,139) that provided consent to being screened for MGUS completed the PHQ-9, The Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and two single item measures for happiness and health-related worry. Internal consistency, item analysis, and construct validity for the PHQ-9 were assessed. Results: Average score on the PHQ-9 was relatively low, majority of participants reported minimal to mild depressive symptoms, and did not meet the cutoff point indicating a probable major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis. Females reported more severe depressive symptoms and were more likely to meet the cut-off point indicating a probable MDD diagnosis, and the trend increased with increasing age. The PHQ-9 had good internal consistency (i.e., Cronbach’s α = .84) and construct validity as evident by correlations with scores on other scales, GAD-7, r (34,777) = . 75, p < . 001; SWLS, r (34,919) =. 57, p < . 001; single item measure for health-related worry, r (34,919) = . 35, p < . 001; single item measure for happiness, r (34,919) = -. 49, p < . 001, measuring concepts associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion: An epidemiological sample of Icelandic individuals aged 40 years and older reported on average low severity of depressive symptoms, and majority scored below the cut-off point for a probable MDD diagnosis, however, depressive symptom severety and prevalence of probable MDD was higher than in general population samples in other countries. Females reported more severe depressive symptoms than males, and the sex difference was age specific, which is in accordance with other studies. Results from the current study reveal the psychometric properties of the Icelandic version of the PHQ-9 to be good, similar to what prior studies on the scale have shown.
AY's Neuroanatomy of C. elegans for Computation

CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS IN COMPUTATIONAL RESEARCH. A BRIEF HISTORY. THE ORGANISM. A MODEL FOR STUDYING NERVOUS SYSTEMS BY COMPUTATION. Data Collection and Refinement. Data Translation and Manipulation. Computational Anatomy. COMPUTATIONS ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: SOME RESULTS. MOTIVATION, TOOLS, AND EARLY OBSERVATIONS. NUMERICAL CHARACTERIZATION. ANATOMICAL COMPUTATIONS. INHIBITION AND STABILITY. OTHER SPECULATION. SUGGESTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING REPRESENTATION. REFRACTORY PERIOD AND THRESHOLD. DATA IN MACHINABLE FORM. README.1ST (GUIDELINES FOR THE C. ELEGANS DATABASE). Purpose. Media and . Directions. Nomenclature and Conventions. Distribution Agreement. NEURCLAS FILE SET (TABLE OF CONNECTIONS AMONG NEURON CLASSES). NEURCLAS.TXT. NEURCLAS. PRN. GAPJUNC FILE SET. (TABLE OF GAP JUNCTIONS AMONG NEURONS). GAPJUNC. TXT. GAPJUNC.PRN. LEGENDGO FILE SET (TABLE OF LEGENDS FOR THE PREPOSGO FILE SET). LEGENDGO.TXT. LEGENDO. PRN. PREPOSGO FILE SET (TABLE OF SYNAPSES AMONG NEURONS). PREPOSGO.TXT. PREPOSGO.PRN. PARTLIST FILE SET (TABLE OF ALL WORM PARTS (CELLS) AND CELL LINEAGES). PARTLIST.TXT. PARTLIS1.PRN. PARTLIS2.PRN. MOTORCON FILE SET (TABLE OF SYNTHETIC NEUROMOTOR CONNECTIONS). MOTORCON.TXT. MOTORCON.PRN. SAMPLE COMPUTER PROGRAMS. README.1ST. Purpose. Requirements. Direction. THE BASIC PROGRAMS. DISPLAY.BAS. MAKEDATA.BAS. ELEGRAPH.BAS. PLOT100.BAS. THE FORTRAN PROGRAMS. MAKELIST.FOR. CONNECT.FOR. EIGCRAY.FOR. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ANNOTATIONS. BOOKS WE USED AND WHY. REFERENCES TO C. ELEGANS ANATOMY. MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS. MATHEMATICAL MODELS. PERSPECTIVES.
Unique Characteristics of Prepubertal Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of age at disease onset on disease expression and outcomes of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus SLE (pSLE). Methods A total of 103 patients with pSLE from Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman, were retrospectively studied. Epidemiological, clinical phenotype, disease severity, serology, treatment, and outcome were compared among the three groups using univariate statistical tests. Results The mean disease duration of the cohort was 9.8 ± 4.7 years. The patients were divided into three groups: prepubertal onset (n=39) with mean age at diagnosis of 5.1 ± 2.0 years and pubertal disease onset (n=29) with mean age at diagnosis of 10.8 ± 1.0 years as well as postpubertal disease onset (n=35) group with mean age at diagnosis of 15.3 ± 1.6 years. The prepubertal pSLE cohort demonstrates unique characteristics with increased frequency of familial SLE (61%) of which 49% were from first-degree relatives. Similarly, this group had distinctive clinical features, which included increased renal disease in pubertal and postpubertal groups, respectively (51% vs 23% vs 20%; p=0.039). Prepubertal, similar to pubertal group, had a higher incidence of cutaneous manifestations than in the postpubertal group (74% vs 69% vs 46%; p=0.029). Laboratory features in prepubertal group were distinct with increased frequency of positive anti-cardiolipin antibodies (47%), anti-glycoprotein antibodies (42%), ANCA (62%), and low complement levels (97%) compared to pubertal and postpubertal group. The prepubertal group also has the lowest frequency of positive SSA antibodies (18%) and SSB antibodies (5.1%). The overall mean SLEDAI score in pSLE cohort was 15.6 ± 18.5. The mean SLEDAI scores among the groups showed no significance difference (p=0.110). The overall SLICC DI ≥1 was 36% with a mean damage score of 0.76 ± 1.38. No significant differences in damage index (SLICC DI ≥1) were noted among the groups. Conclusions Distinct clinical features were identified in prepubertal onset pSLE population of Arab ethnicity. Given the high rate of consanguineous marriage and high frequency of familial SLE in this cohort, these manifestations could be explained by higher frequency of genetic factors that influence the disease pathogenesis.
BAYESIAN ESTIMATION UNDER INFORMATIVE SAMPLING: INVESTIGATING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DEPRESSION AND INFLAMMATION

Survey data is often collected using complex sampling designs so that the probability of being included in the study is related to the outcome of interest (i.e. informative sample). Recently, a novel fully-Bayesian method has been developed for modeling data under informative sampling. Initial results indicate that this novel construction reduces bias in variance estimates compared to other pseudo-Bayesian techniques. The performance of this method has yet to be compared to traditional Frequentist approaches, which typically rely on Taylor series linearization (TSL) or resampling techniques for standard error (SE) estimation. Here, we modeled the relationship between depression and inflammation using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey using both a the fully-Bayesian method and a Frequentist method, specifically weighted least squares regression with TSL variance estimation. Although fully-Bayesian and the standard Frequentist approach generated similar parameter estimates, the fully-Bayesian model tended to produce smaller SEs than the Frequentist method. These findings suggest that the fully-Bayesian method performs equivalently to traditional Frequentist methods and may even provide better variance estimates than those computed by TSL. The current findings also replicate previous findings that the relationship between inflammation and depression is likely influenced by alcohol use, smoking, and Body Mass Index (BMI), but must be interpreted cautiously due to the high level of missing data. presence of depressive symptoms in healthy adults only. We also explored the relationship between MHR and depressive symptoms in healthy adults, which, to our knowledge, has not been done previously. These results provide preliminary evidence of a weak relationship between MHR and presence of depression. Exploring this relationship in a sample with higher incidence of moderate and severe depression would more clearly elucidate the association between MHR and depression in healthy adults.
CONSTRUCTIVISM IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CURRICULA

The aim of this study was to examine whether the 5 grade elementary school curricula of Turkish, English, Mathematics, and Science and Technology courses were congruent with the principles and standards of the constructivist education. Qualitative research methods were used in this small-scale case study which was conducted in a private elementary school in Ankara. The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and document analyses in the academic year of 2007-2008. The population of interest consisted of 2 school directors, 1 Turkish teacher, 3 English teachers, 4 Mathematics teachers, and 3 Science and Technology teachers. Descriptive analytical framework was employed for the analysis of the interviews. A rubric and a list of standards were used so as to provide a set of criteria for the analyses of the data. The findings indicate that the performances of the curricula under investigation are congruent with the principles of the constructivist education. Similarly, the stated and unstated intents of the curricula are congruent with their performances and the standards of the constructivist education. However, in-depth analyses of the findings signify that in certain areas of the curricula such as the contents, learning processes, evaluation processes, the use of the information technology, and the other resources are marked by some difficulties and ambiguity.
Myth and Vision.

Myth is a powerful kind of story which determines a culture's predominant moral understanding ofthe worid. This paper isan attempt to understand how myths generate such moral visions. Using the standard semiotic division of a subject into its syntax, semantics and pragmatics, myth is examined from eachofthese perspectives in order to show exactly how they work together tocreate these visions. Focussing especially on the syntax, that is, the narrative structure ofthe myth, an attempt is made to show how the classic genre types—romance, tragedy, comedy, irony—each constitute a different moral vision.
Germline BRCA1and BRCA2 mutations in patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (mBC) treated with first-line chemotherapy: Data from the German PRAEGNANT registry.

1048 Background: Germline BRCA1/2 ( gBRCA) mutations (mt) are some of the few actionable alterations in mBC patients. The PARP inhibitors olaparib/talazoparib are more effective than chemotherapy (ctx) in patients with a gBRCAmt and HER2 negative(-) mBC. In mBC patients the TNT-study suggested a better progression-free survival (PFS) for g BRCA-mt compared to patients with a gBRCA1/2 wildtype (wt) when treated with platinum and not with a taxane. Otherwise little is known about the prognostic effect of g BRCA1/2mt in mBC patients. Methods: PRAEGNANT (NCT02338167) is a prospective mBC registry with a focus on molecular biomarkers. Patients were eligible for this analysis if their mBC was HER2- and treated with ctx for the first time (referred to as first-line ctx). Hormone receptor (HR) positive patients had to have all hormone therapies exhausted. Mutation frequencies and their association with patient and tumor characteristics were analyzed. Multivariable Cox regression models were built with commonly established prognostic factors and g BRCA mutation status as predictors of PFS and overall survival (OS) from first-line ctx. Results: Out of 2932 PRAEGNANT patients, 576 were HER2- and received first-line ctx. Of those 529 patients with g BRCA genotype results and follow up information could be analyzed. 24 patients (4.5%) had a g BRCAmt (11 BRCA1, 13 BRCA2). Mutation rate in HR positive patients was 3.9% (17/432) and 7.2% (7/97) in HR negative patients. Most patients received ctx either as the first treatment in the metastatic setting or after one line of hormone therapy (n=382; 72.2%). Multivariable Cox regression models showed an adjusted hazard ratio for gBRCAmt vs. gBRCAwt patients of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.43-1.15) for PFS and of 0.41 (95% CI: 0.18-0.93) for OS. Most frequent ctx treatments were taxane (52%) or capecitabine based (21%). Additionally, the prevalence of somatic BRCA1/2 mutations in this population will be presented. Conclusions: In this HER2- mBC population under ctx g BRCA mutation rates were within the expected range of about 5%. Within the analyzed population patients with a g BRCA mutation seemed to have a better OS than patients without a mutation. PFS results pointed in the same direction without statistical significance. However, with only 24 mutations replication of these results in additional cohorts is warranted. Clinical trial information: NCT02338167.
The frequency of cortical microstimulation shapes artificial touch

Significance Injecting small electrical currents into the somatosensory cortex evokes vivid tactile sensations that can be used to convey sensory feedback from brain-controlled bionic hands. To evoke intuitive touch percepts requires that we understand how these are shaped by stimulation parameters. Here, we characterize the ability of monkeys to discriminate microstimulation frequency over a wide range (from 10 to 400 Hz) and show that animals can discern changes in frequency up to about 200 Hz. On some electrodes, behavioral performance is mediated by frequency-dependent changes in sensory quality that are largely independent of sensation magnitude. On others, animals cannot distinguish changes in frequency from changes in amplitude. We discuss the implications of our findings for neural coding and artificial touch. Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of the somatosensory cortex evokes vivid tactile sensations and can be used to convey sensory feedback from brain-controlled bionic hands. Changes in ICMS frequency lead to changes in the resulting sensation, but the discriminability of frequency has only been investigated over a narrow range of low frequencies. Furthermore, the sensory correlates of changes in ICMS frequency remain poorly understood. Specifically, it remains to be elucidated whether changes in frequency only modulate sensation magnitude—as do changes in amplitude—or whether they also modulate the quality of the sensation. To fill these gaps, we trained monkeys to discriminate the frequency of ICMS pulse trains over a wide range of frequencies (from 10 to 400 Hz). ICMS amplitude also varied across stimuli to dissociate sensation magnitude from ICMS frequency and ensure that animals could not make frequency judgments based on magnitude. We found that animals could consistently discriminate ICMS frequency up to ∼200 Hz but that the sensory correlates of frequency were highly electrode dependent: On some electrodes, changes in frequency were perceptually distinguishable from changes in amplitude—seemingly giving rise to a change in sensory quality; on others, they were not. We discuss the implications of our findings for neural coding and for brain-controlled bionic hands.
Oral hygiene awareness in orthodontic patients; A cross sectional survey

Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the current status of oral hygiene awareness in patients undergoing active orthodontic treatment and to educate them how they can improve and maintain their oral health throughout orthodontic treatment to minimize the risk of dental caries, plaque deposition, gingivitis and localized enamel decalcification. Study Design: Prospective survey. Setting: Orthodontic Department, Punjab Dental Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Period: 06 months 1st August 2018 to 31st January 2019. Methods and Materials: A structured questionnaire was distributed to 100 patients undergoing active orthodontic treatment at orthodontic department of Punjab Dental Hospital Lahore, Pakistan in an effort to assess the level of awareness and practical measures taken by patients to maintain and improve their oral health during orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: This survey revealed that most of the patients are aware and practising oral hygiene measures during their orthodontic treatment and dentist should repeat all these instruction on every visit.
Bone Block Augmentation - A Long Term Follow-Up

Introduction Autogenous bone block grafting is used for both vertical and horizontal augmentation of the upper and lower jaw. The bone block could be provided using extraoral or intraoral donor location. Aim The aim of this study was to observe the survival rate, the marginal bone level and the bleeding on probing (BOP) for a period of 4 to 6 years of implants, inserted in autogenous bone block graft. Materials and Methods We considered advanced horizontal bone loss, where guided bone regeneration with simultaneous implant placement could not be performed and/or vertical bone loss, where vertical augmentation of the alveolar bone of more than 3 to 6 mm is required, as indications for the bone block grafting procedure. As an intraoral donor site was used the mental area. Results and Discussion The mean observation period was 4.81 years. The mean marginal bone loss was 0.442 mm, as bone resorption was established in 48% of all cases, BOP was observed in 17.7 % of the cases. No correlation was found between BOP and bone loss. The survival rate of the implants placed into bone augmented using autogenous bone block graft was 98.7 %. Conclusion For an implant placement we considered a period of 4 months after the procedure enough to provide high survival rate of the implants. The implants placed in bone augmented using autogenous bone block grafting according to our methodology demonstrated high survival rate and unstable marginal bone level.
HER2 Cancer Protrusion Growth Signaling Regulated by Unhindered, Localized Filopodial Dynamics

Protrusions are plasma membrane extensions that are found in almost every cell in the human body. Cancer cell filopodial and lamellipodial protrusions play key roles in the integral processes of cell motility and signaling underlying tumor invasion and metastasis. HER2 (ErbB-2) is overexpressed in diverse types of tumors and regulates PI3K-pathway-mediated protrusion growth. It is known that HER2 resides at breast cancer cell protrusions, but how protrusion-based HER2 spatiotemporal dynamics shape cancer signaling is unclear. Here, we study how HER2 location and motion regulate protrusion signaling and growth using quantitative spatio-temporal molecular imaging approaches. Our data highlight morphologically-segregated features of filopodial and lamellipodial protrusions, in in vitro 2D breast cancer cells and in vivo intact breast tumor. Functional-segregation parallels morphological-segregation, as HER2 and its activated downstream pAKT-PI3K signaling remain spatially-localized at protrusions, provoking new protrusion growth proximal to sites of HER2 activation. HER2 in SKBR3 breast cancer cell filopodia exhibits fast, linearly-directed motion that is distinct from lamellipodia and non-protrusion subcellular regions (∼3-4 times greater diffusion constant, rapid speeds of 2-3 um2/s). Surprisingly, filopodial HER2 motion is passive, requiring no active energy sources. Moreover, while HER2 motion in lamellipodia and non-protrusion regions show hindered diffusion typical of membrane proteins, HER2 diffuses freely within filopodia. We conclude that HER2 activation, propagation, and functional protrusion growth is a local process in which filopodia have evolved to exploit Brownian thermal fluctuations within a barrier-free nanostructure to transduce rapid signaling. These results support the importance of developing filopodia and other protrusion-targeted strategies for cancer.
Constraint Drive Generation of Vision Algorithms on an Elastic Infrastructure

Abstract : In this project a prototype Shopforeman system was developed that composes heterogeneous computer vision algorithms on the fly along with a complementary Nightwatchman system that automatically generates novel concept classifiers for the Shopforeman to use. The Shopforeman provides an interface to the user that allows them to specify the specific problem they are trying to solve and a target operating point. The goal of this project was to explore the design of an automated interface to a heterogeneous collection of computer vision algorithms and complementary approaches to develop concept classifiers and datasets that they use.
Complement Fixation Tests in Poliomyelitis **

Infection with poliomyelitis virus gives rise to complement-fixing (C-F) antibodies which may be detected with antigens prepared either from the brains of infected mice or tissue culture fluids, as shown with Type II by Casals et al."' and with all three types by Svedmyr et al.' These workers used sufficient antigen in each test to obtain maximum sensitivity. With this antigen concentration the presence of antibody could generally be detected within the first week after onset of the disease, but the sera usually gave similar C-F titers against antigens of the three types of poliomyelitis virus regardless of the type involved in the infection. It has now been found possible to obtain a more specific reaction in patients with the disease by a method in which not more than one conventional unit of antigen is used per test. In order to detect fixation with this low level of antigen, dilutions of serum were titrated at several complement concentrations by the plate method of Fulton and Dumbell. '
Collaborative Partnerships to Assist in Managing Adult-Onset Diabetes in Cameroon

Collaborative Partnerships to Assist in Managing Adult-Onset Diabetes in Cameroon by Jingwa Christopher Forju MSN, California State University Los Angeles, 2001 BSN, California State University Los Angeles, 1998 Dissertation Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration