Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct Probe of Room-Temperature Quantum-Tunneling Processes in Type-II Heterostructures Using Terahertz Emission Spectroscopy

Charge-carrier-transport phenomena on nanoscopic length and ultrashort timescales are of great interest for a multitude of ultrafast dynamic processes occurring in chemical reactions as well as modern devices such as solar cells or transistors. However, the investigation of such ultrashort current pulses is very challenging and mostly based on indirect methods such as spectroscopic changes induced by the charge transport. Here we monitor the short current pulse generated by the dissipative tunneling of charge carriers through a barrier between two adjacent quantum wells via its radiated legacy in the terahertz frequency range. By examining quantum structures with intermediate barriers of diﬀerent thickness, we demonstrate that the spectrum of the emitted radiation is a direct measurement of the charge-transfer dynamics associated with the tunneling process. Our ﬁndings indicate that these incoherent tunnel currents do not start instantaneously but build up on a timescale of approximately 170 fs.
The Resilience of Aspiration: The Novelty of the Mystic Masseur

Recent criticism of V. S. Naipaul's The Mystic Masseur has tended to see this writer as presenting pessimistic visions of the Caribbean man and his environment. As an artistic mediator of his locale and historical experience, the argument seems to have been that the unrelieved gloom of his circumstances, the apparent absence of any controlling moral centre makes the only logical possible realistic portraiture absurd, depressing and hopeless. However, this paper challenges this stereotyped criticism and the objective is to show that Naipaul is an optimistic reformer rather than “a prophet of doom” . Being a literary research, the work is mainly library-based. First, V.S. Naipaul’s The Mystic Masseur which is the primary text in this study has been rigorously examined and as many relevant critical works as could be found have been used to sharpen the focus of the arguments. In the end, it is found out that Naipaul is, indeed, an optimistic visionary whose vision aims to transform apparent hopelessness to hope and to point to the inevitable light at the end of the tunnel as demonstrated through the fortunes of the central character in the novel, and in the major technique – irony - employed by the writer in the work. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA
Reproductive success in relation to salinity for three flatfish species, dab (Limanda limanda), plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), and flounder (Pleuronectes flesus), in the brackish water Baltic Sea

The reproductive success and thus abundance and distribution of dab, plaice, and flounder in the Baltic Sea, a large brackish water area, is restricted by salinity. By measuring spermatozoa mobility and fertilisation rates at different salinities and determining the salinity at which eggs are neutrally buoyant, the salinity requirements for successful egg development were assessed. The results were used for the evaluation of potential spawning areas and for stock discrimination by analyses of differences in the salinity requirements of fish from different areas (ICES Subdivisions (SD) 23-28). The results suggest that there are two stocks of dab and successful reproduction may occur in the Sound (SD 23) and, occasionally, in the Arkona and Bornholm basins (SD 24 and SD 25). Opportunities for successful reproduction of plaice exist regularly in the Arkona and Bornholm basins and occasionally in the Gdansk and Gotland basins (SD 26 and SD 28). No differences in salinity requirements for fish from SD 24-28 suggest one stock of plaice in the Baltic proper. There are two different types of flounder, one with demersal eggs and the other with pelagic eggs. The former, constituting one distinct stock, may reproduce successfully as far north as the Bothnian Sea and the Gulf of Finland (SD 30 and SD 32), up to the 6 psu isohaline. For flounder with pelagic eggs, opportunities for the eggs to obtain neutral buoyancy suggest that successful reproduction may occur regularly in the Sound, the Arkona, and Bornholm basins as well as in the Gdansk and Gotland basins, and that there are three stocks of flounder with pelagic eggs.
Culture, Display Rules, and Emotion Judgments

This article describes two studies that demonstrate that cultural display rules (Study 1) and emotion regulation (ER; Study 2) are linked to judgments of emotional expressions of others. In Study 1, American and Japanese judges saw faces expressed at four levels of intensity and rated the intensity of the external display and presumed internal experience. They also completed measures of cultural display rules and psychological culture. Display rules accounted for 69% of the variance in cultural differences in ratings across the expression intensities; psychological culture accounted for an additional 14%. In Study 2 American judges saw the same faces and made the same ratings; this time, however, they completed two measures of ER. ER accounted for nearly all of the rating differences across the expression intensities. These studies report the first evidence of a link between an individual’s display rules and ER and judgments of emotion management in others.
Electoral Competition for the 2+1 Electoral Rule and the Close Alternatives

The Anglo-American double-member districts employing plurality-at-large are frequently criticized for giving a large majority premium to a winning party, since the large premium may decrease proportionality of the elected assembly relative to single-member districts. We demonstrate that the premium stems from a limited degree of voters' discrimination associated with only two positive votes on the ballot. To enhance voters' ability to discriminate, we consider alternative electoral rules that give voters more positive and negative votes. We identify strict voting equilibria of several alternative rules in a situation where candidates differ in binary ideology and binary quality, voters' ideology-types are binomially distributed, voters are strategic, and a candidate's policy is more salient than candidate's quality. The most generous rules such as approval voting and combined approval-disapproval voting only replicate the electoral outcomes of plurality-at-large. The best performance in a double-member district is achieved by a rule that assigns two positive votes and one negative vote to each voter (2+1 rule). Under a strict and sincere pure-strategy equilibrium of the 2+1 rule, the second largest group frequently wins the second seat and high-quality candidates gain seats more likely than low-quality candidates. The 2+1 rule increases the scope for a voter's discrimination while avoiding the underdog effects and overstating of preferences associated with an unrestricted number of negative votes.
Socio Demographic Characteristics and Chemotherapy Compliance among Patients with Breast Cancer at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital Eldoret Kenya

Introduction Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women, accounting for 25 % of the total cancer cases (1.68 million) and 15 % of the cancer deaths (520,000) worldwide (Park, 2013). In the United States, it is estimated that there will be 231,840 new cases of invasive breast cancer and 40,290 deaths from the disease in 2015, and that one in eight women will develop breast cancer during their lifetime Green (2010). According to statistics by the Kenya Network of Cancer Organizations, breast cancer is now the leading cancer in women in Kenya (34 per 100,000). Studies have shown that when patients don't adhere to their medication regimens, costs for their health care becomes high due to more physician visits, more hospital visits, and longer stays once they're admitted (Adisa et al., 2013a).
Ascorbate peroxidase gene from Brassica napus enhances salt and drought tolerances in Arabidopsis thaliana

A full-length cDNA clone, BnAPX (GenBank: FJ965556.1) encoding ascorbate peroxidase and isolated from Brassica napus , was successfully introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana . Investigation into the function of BnAPX demonstrated that BnAPX transgenic plants grew better than wild type under NaCl stress, and also had higher germination rate and longer root length. Moreover, under the drought stress, BnAPX transgenic seeds displayed higher germination rate and the seedlings showed reduced wither and apoptosis phenomena. Therefore, our studies revealed that BnAPX was able to enhance the environmental tolerance of Arabidopsis to salt and drought stresses. In addition, transgenic Arabidopsis had lower H 2 O 2 content because of the insertion and the overexpression of BnAPX. So, the mechanism of the tolerances in transgenic lines can be explained by reduction of H 2 O 2 injury. Key words : Ascorbate peroxidase, Arabidopsis thaliana , salt tolerance, drought tolerance.
The Vertical Space Problem: Rethinking Population Visualizations in Contemporary Cities

The conventional population density metric is insufficient for accurately representing pop ulation patterns in contemporary urban environments, which contain vertical residential structures distributed across the horizontal extent of the city, producing volumetric living spaces. The flatness of conventional population density creates representations of city space that confuse the concepts of density and crowdedness, a confusion I call the vertical space problem. Drawing on existing dasymetric approaches, this paper introduces the building footprint technique to provide an alternative visualization of how people vertically inhabit the city of Chicago. The resulting cartographies juxtapose conventional population density metrics with a new Personal Space Metric (PSM), revealing a nuanced picture of contemporary building and living spaces. The PSM overcomes the vertical space problem and provides a new way to calculate and visualize how much space individual people have within the residential buildings of the city. This paper concludes by arguing that new methodologies which visualize the increasingly-prominent verticality of cities facilitate discourse about, and greater understanding of, the geopolitical, social, structural, and personal geographies of the city.
Time Prediction Through A Congested Road Section

First, the cellular automaton was used to simulate a "T" junction, and the correlation analysis was performed by combining the traffic pattern and the corresponding data to obtain the reason for the inaccurate prediction time of the navigation software. The collected data is preprocessed to obtain the driving time of multiple road vehicles in a week, and this is used as the influencing factor. Reuse the collected information: the length of the intersection, the average speed of real-time vehicles at the intersection, and the length of the intersection. The first two processes of the three pre-processing processes are considered together to obtain a time-dependent factor. The correlation factors and the duration of the intersections are used to predict the results of neural network training. Based on the analysis and prediction of the data, the causes of urban traffic congestion are analyzed, and measures to reduce urban congestion are proposed.
Motion Control and External Force Estimation of a Pneumatically Driven Multi-DOF Robotic Forceps

Robotic forceps with a rigid-link joint mechanism is orthodox for current robotic-assisted surgery systems. However, external force estimation without force sensors during operations is difficult for such electrically driven forceps. This work introduces a pneumatically driven multi-DOF (DOF: degree of freedom) forceps using a rigid-link mechanism with less interference of the wire drive between joints and realizes external force estimation by utilizing high back-drivability of pneumatic cylinders. We developed a position controller with dynamic compensation of the mechanical friction, in which the rotational angles of the three movable joints of the forceps are independently controlled. Moreover, we designed an external force observer in the position controller by applying the disturbance observer scheme. The results of the performance evaluation experiments are as follows. First, in the joint position control experiments, smooth and stable controllability is confirmed for sinusoidal reference inputs with the mean absolute errors of less than 2°. The resolution of the joint position control is approximately 1° for the response of step increasing reference inputs, which is acceptable for laparoscopic surgery. Second, the external force observer can correctly estimate the translational and the grasping forces with less than 20% errors of the maximum output forces. The practical sensitivities of the external force estimation are better than 0.5 N for translational forces and 0.2 N for grasping forces. The achieved performance of the developed forceps can be applicable for interactive force control in some particular surgical tasks such as suturing, ligation, organ traction and exclusion.
Spatial-Spectral-Temporal Fusion for Remote Heart Rate Estimation

In this paper, we propose a novel heart rate (HR) estimation method using simultaneously recorded RGB and near-infrared (NIR) face videos to improve the robustness of camera-based remote HR estimation against illumination fluctuations and head motions. The key to robust HR estimation is constructing the histogram of HRs for a considered time window by voting candidate HRs that are estimated using different spatial face patches, spectral modalities (i.e., RGB and NIR), and temporal short-time sub-windows. The histogram voting is performed only for the candidate HRs that pass through a reliability check of HR estimation. The final HR estimate for the considered time window is then obtained by detecting the most frequently voted HR bin and performing parabola fitting using its neighboring bins. By spatially, spectrally, and temporally fusing the candidate HRs for majority voting, our method can automatically exploit suitable video sub-regions less affected by illumination fluctuations and head motions to enable robust HR estimation. Through the experiments on 168 RGB-NIR video recordings, we demonstrate that our fusion-based method achieves improved HR estimation accuracy compared with existing methods.
Chapter 6 Bullying and K – 12 Students

Research consistently demonstrates that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth experience bullying and harassment in U.S. schools at relatively high rates in comparison to their heterosexual peers. In a recent survey study of over 13,000 students in Grades 7– 12, the results indicated that LGBTQ youth, as compared with straight-identified youth, were at greater risk of suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, and victimization by peers and had more unexcused absences from school. However, a study of 23 comprehensive anti-bullying programs aimed at middle and high school students found that none of the programs covered issues of sexual orientation, homophobia, sexual harassment, or sexual violence sufficiently to warrant any efficacy (Birkett, Espelage, & Stein, 2008). Thus, it is imperative that studies be conducted to determine if these programs are more effective when they are complemented with discussions about diversity, sexual identity, and gender expression.
Signalling cost-aware routing for green networks

: Owing to the environmental impact and potential economic benefits, there is an urgent request for green techniques to reduce energy consumption in telecommunication networks. However, green approaches impose signalling overhead on the network. While most research works in the literature focus on minimisation of energy consumption in green networks, the signalling overhead has largely been unexplored. In this work, the authors tackle the trade-off between energy efficiency and signalling overhead in green routing by formulating an optimisation problem as an integer linear programme (ILP). Their ILP problem minimises signalling overhead with a constraint on the total power consumption of the network. Moreover, their problem introduces the multipath routing feature and takes the flow table sizes of the forwarding devices into account. They prove that the proposed green routing problem is nondeterministic polynomial (NP)-hard and thus propose a polynomial-time heuristic algorithm in addition to analysing its time complexity. They evaluate the performance of the heuristic algorithm by comparing its results with those generated by ILP.
What is the REFI-QDA Standard: Experimenting With the Transfer of Analyzed Research Projects Between QDA Software

Der offene REFI-QDA-Standard ermoglicht es, Daten zwischen verschiedenen QDA-Programmen auszutauschen, vorausgesetzt, die Softwarehersteller*innen haben den Standard in ihre Programme integriert. Um die neuen Moglichkeiten aufzuzeigen, die sich aus dieser Uberwindung der Beschrankung auf einzelne Analyseprogramme ergeben, beschreiben wir die Ergebnisse eines Experiments zur Nutzung des Standards in vier verschiedenen Forschungsprojekten. Das Experiment wurde im August 2019 am Lorentz Centre (Niederlande) durchgefuhrt. Alle beteiligten Forscher*nnen tauschten mithilfe des Standards zuvor verarbeitete Forschungsdaten zwischen zwei Softwarepaketen zur qualitativen Datenanalyse (QDAS) aus. Unser Artikel beginnt zunachst damit, die Entstehungsgeschichte des REFI-QDA Standards zu erlautern. Anschliesend stellen wir die einzelnen Forschungsprojekte samt der darin verwendeten Daten vor und erlautern die Beweggrunde fur deren Ubertragung in eine zweite QDA-Software sowie die daraus gewonnenen Erkenntnisse. Im letzten Schritt fassen wir den Mehrwehrt des REFI-QDA-Standards zusammen und diskutieren Aspekte, die bei einem Transfer zwischen QDAS zu beachten sind.
Clinical Performance Analysis and Evaluation of Quantitative Real Time PCR for Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus in North East India

Scrub typhus is a life-threatening infectious disease and always creating a diagnostic dilemma in terms of rapid turnaround time and accuracy, qRT PCR can become a very good option to achieve the desired result with the molecular level of accuracy and boost up the rapid patient management. This study was performed to evaluate the performance of qRT PCR in comparison to commonly used IgM ELISA and Weil-Felix tests to diagnose scrub typhus, as well as to look for the demographic and clinical profile of the disease in North-East India. It was a hospital-based prospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital of north-east India, over a period of 1 year, in which all the samples from suspected scrub typhus cases were screened by Weil-Felix test as per institute’s diagnostic protocol after which IgM ELISA for Scrub Typhus was performed. All the IgM positive samples and 20 highly suspected but ELISA negative samples were subjected to qRT PCR, targeting 56 kDa type-specific gene of O. tsutsugamushi. Statistical analysis was done by MS-Excel for Windows v2013® and MedCalc® v17.9 for Windows (MedCalc Software, Acacialaan 22, B-8400 Ostend, Belgium). In this study, we have successfully evaluated the performance of qRT PCR kit for diagnosis of scrub typhus. Out of 54 samples tested, 24 IgM ELISA positive samples and 3 IgM ELISA negative samples have shown the presence of bacterial DNA with quantification of DNA copies. It has also been observed that 21 out of 27 PCR positive samples (77.8%) were detected within the 1st 7 days of illness. All the demographic, as well as clinical data, were also analysed. The performance of the commercial qRT PCR kit used in our study is satisfactory, which provides the extra advantage of quantification of DNA copies and increases diagnostic accuracy within the 1st week of fever.
Green ield A Challenging Perspective of Organizations

Organizations are not real; people are. Any science or theory of organizations must consider how the organization impinges, in a very real and tangible way, on the lives of its members. This article traces the development of one such theoretical branch of organizational science through the pioneering work of Thomas B. Greenfi eld. The author uses Greenfi eld’s work as a lens to examine a personal transformation in belief and practice. E Hermeneutics; Postmodernism; Phenomenology; Positivism: These concepts represent just a few of the many with which I struggled during the fi rst summer of my doctoral studies. Entering that doctoral program in educational leadership, I wasn’t quite sure what to expect, but the ideas I encountered were defi nitely outside of anything I had anticipated. Though diffi cult to analyze in hindsight, I suppose my expectations centered around issues of school management, law, curriculum, personnel, and the like, making the program a mere extension of my master’s degree program; however, that basically sums up what the program is not. Instead, I encountered a barrage of complex, dense theoretical readings that engaged me in an examination of the meanings of school, of democracy, of the individual. Frankly, along with the other members of my cohort, I was taken by surprise. Together, we grappled with new ideas and complex jargon, struggling to make meaning of this new information, to understand the new perspectives, to see the world through new lenses.
Biochemical and Molecular Actions of Nutrients Low Vitamin A Intake Affects Milk Iron Level and Iron Transporters in Rat Mammary Gland and Liver 1

Marginal vitamin A deficiency is common and can result in a secondary iron (Fe) deficiency. A positive correlation between maternal Fe status and milk Fe was observed in lactating women supplemented with both vitamin A and Fe but not with Fe alone, suggesting effects of vitamin A on mammary gland Fe transport. We hypothesized that low vitamin A intake during lactation elicits differential effects on mammary gland and liver Fe transport and storage proteins, thus affecting milk Fe concentration but not maternal Fe status. We fed rats a control (CON, 4 RE/g) or a marginal vitamin A diet (AD, 0.4 RE/g) through midlactation. Effects on plasma, milk, liver and mammary gland Fe and vitamin A concentrations, and divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1), ferroportin (FPN), ferritin (Ft), and transferrin receptor (TfR) expression were determined. Dams fed AD were not vitamin A or Fe deficient. Milk and liver vitamin A and Fe and mammary gland Fe concentrations were lower in rats fed AD compared with rats fed CON. Liver TfR expression was higher, whereas mammary gland TfR expression was lower in rats fed AD compared with rats fed CON. Liver Ft was unaffected, whereas mammary gland Ft was lower in rats fed AD compared with rats fed CON. Liver and mammary gland DMT1 and FPN protein levels were lower in rats fed AD compared with rats fed CON. Our results indicate that the mammary gland and liver respond differently to marginal vitamin A intake during lactation and that milk Fe is significantly decreased due to effects on mammary gland Fe transporters, putting the nursing offspring at risk for Fe deficiency. J. Nutr. 135: 27–32, 2005.