Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION OF IN-VIVO GROWTH KINETICS OF VIRULENT NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN BROILER CHICKENS

Normal 0 MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} The research work was conducted on 105 broiler chicks (Cobb-500) with a view to determine the rate of distribution of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in various organs following infection through natural (intranasal, intraocular and oral) and parenteral (intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous) routes of inoculation at different ages (7, 15 and 28 days of old). Each bird received a dose of 0.2 ml of NVNDV (300 ELD 50 ). Body temperature, onset of clinical signs and mortality of birds (if any) were recorded daily. Blood samples were collected from the birds to determine the serum HI titre before and after infection. Faeces and various tissue samples (brain, lungs, kidney, colon, bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus) were collected daily following post-mortem examination of one bird from each sub-group to determine the presence of NDV along with their HA titre through inoculation into embryonated hen eggs. Some representative samples were also inoculated into chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell culture for isolation of NDV. The highest body temperature (³108 0 F) was recorded in the birds of almost all the experimental groups between 48 and 72 hours of PI. Appearance of clinical sings was observed earlier (between 48 to 72 hours of PI) in parenterally infected birds than those of inoculated through natural routes. The shortest duration (>26-54 hours of PI) and longest duration (67-132 hours of PI) of death time recorded in birds those were inoculated through IV and oral routes of infection respectively. Isolation of NDV was positive from day 2 of PI and onward in all the groups with some minor variations in some cases. The CEF cell culture system was found more sensitive compared to avian embryo. Irrespective of routes of inoculation and age of birds, there was significant (p<0.01) increase in the mean HA titre of NDV with the progression of time. The highest HA titre of NDV was found in the brain tissue followed by lungs and kidney. Significantly (p<0.01) higher HA titre of NDV isolate was recorded in the birds of all the experimental groups inoculated through IV route. Following infection, the MDA titres decreased day by day in the birds with the increase of HA titres of NDV.
Periodontal and Periapical Responses to Mandibular Incisor Intrusion : Conventional Method Vs . Bone Anchorage

Amaç: Mini implant kullanılarak elde edilen alt keser intrüzyonunun gingival ve periapikal etkilerinin incelenmesi ve bu etkilerin konvansiyonel utility ark mekaniği ile karşılaştırılması. Bireyler ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza 26 derin kapanışa sahip birey katılmıştır. İlk gruptaki bireylerde mandibular keser intrüzyonu için 2 adet mini implanttan kuvvet alan segmental bir ark ve ikinci gruptaki bireylere ise aynı amaç ile konvansiyonel utility ark takılmıştır. İntrüzyon sonrası görülen gingival cevabın değerlendirilmesi için tedavi başı (T0), intrüzyon başı (T1) ve intrüzyon sonunda (T2), cep derinliği (CD), gingival indeks (GI), plak indeksi (PI) ve keratinize dişeti genişliği (KDG) ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Kök rezorpsiyonunun değerlendirilmesi için standart periapikal radyograflar ve bilgisayarlı tomografi alınmıştır. Grup içi karşılaştırmalarda eşleştirilmiş t-testi veya Wilcoxon testi, grupların karşılaştırmaları için ise student t-testi veya Mann Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Her iki grupta da T0 ve T1 ile karşılaştırıldığında T2 evresinde bukkalde CD, hem bukkal hem de lingualde GI, PI ve KDG ve lingualde CD’de artış görülmüştür. İmplant grubunda, lingual bölgede PI T0’dan T2’ye artış göstermesine rağmen utility ark grubunda herhangi bir değişiklik görülmemiştir. Gruplar arası değişiklikler benzer bulunmuştur. Köklerde bir miktar kısalma (0.08% to 4.4%) hem periapikal radyograflarda hem de tomografide ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar: CD, Gİ, Pİ, KDG ölçümlerinde ve kök rezorpsiyonunda her iki metotla benzer değişiklikler elde edilmiştir. Kök ucu yoğunluk değerleri ise minimal değişiklik göstermiştir. (Türk Or to don ti Der gi si 2011;24:181-192)
Effect of Gaseous Impurities on Long-Term Thermal Cycling and Aging Properties of Complex Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage

Hydrogen is one of the alternate fuels for vehicular applications where the exhaust is mainly water vapor when used with either fuel cells or internal combustion engines. In the transportation sector, a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, that electrochemically combines inputs of pure hydrogen and oxygen (from air), may be used to directly generate electricity for an electric motor drive with water vapor and heat produced as byproducts. However, hydrogen fuel cell technologies must be competitive in this venue with the ubiquitous internal combustion engine using gasoline and diesel fuels, both of which offer an established production and distribution infrastructure as well as a familiar and commonly accepted form of high density and stable energy storage. The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is addressing the standards that a hydrogen fuel system would have to meet as part of their FreedomCAR initiative. Conventionally, hydrogen is compressed in high pressure cylinders with obvious safety issues. The authors believe that hydrogen may be stored in metal hydrides at low pressures. Hydrides may be classified as (a) classical hydrides (heavy hydrides with low wt.%H), and (b) complex hydrides (light weight hydrides with high H-wt.%). In this study, the focus was on practical aspects of complex hydrides related to refilling hydrogen in vehicles at hydrogen gas stations, where one expects ppm levels of impurities. These gaseous impurities affect the performance of the complex hydrides as a medium for storing hydrogen. The main focus of the project was to understand the effect of trace element gases, mixed with hydrogen, on the long-term cycling and aging properties of complex hydrides of Li3N-H2. Another secondary aspect was to test complex hydrides developed by MHCoE partners. In addition, they also conducted thermodynamic and crystallographic research of these hydrides to understand the reaction pathways.
BARRIERS OF MARKETING EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY WITHIN COMPANIES: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Market orientation can be defined as the company’s ability to systematically generate relevant information about current and latent customer needs, spread this information across all company departments and use this information in decision making and subsequent behavior. Current research proves that market orientation correlates strongly with profitability. Strengthening market orientation should therefore be the main focus of the marketing department. However, over the last years, marketers within companies have faced serious criticism coming from the top management as well as from other business functions. This criticism stems from the generally shared opinion that marketing expenditures tend to rise whereas marketing effectiveness and efficiency seem to decline over time, as proved by relatively low satisfaction and loyalty levels of customers and their resistance towards marketing activities. This study investigates the main barriers of marketing effectiveness and efficiency within companies. Based on two focus groups with senior Czech marketing managers we revealed several key themes that reflect how local marketers perceive their jobs. We identified that marketing departments differ diametrically in activities they execute, that marketers face image problem within their companies and that they are not able to prove return of their activities sufficiently. Furthermore, we individuated barriers specific for our context not found in the literature. However, companies of different size and sectors have specifics which are discussed in the text. Managerial recommendations are added. All of these findings should be of high importance for both CEOs (resp. owners) and marketers, because increasing effectiveness and efficiency of the marketing function is their common goal.
Study of Relation between the Demographic Factors and Safety, Health and Environment in organization (Case Study: Zagros Oil Co.)

Nowadays organizations are trying to utilize the most effective and efficient safety, health and environment system. The first step the organizations should take to achieve this goal is to improving their staffs’ awareness and the level of safety, health and environment in organizations. In this respect, developing and enriching culture of respect for the issues relating to threefold aspects of HSE seem to be of great importance. The main objective of the present study is to investigate relation between the demographic factors and safety, health and environmental aspects in organizations. This study is an applied research according to its objectives and its methodology is descriptive-survey, and bibliographical-field method was used to gather data. Statistical universe is 94 top, middle and operational managers working in all sections of central office of Zagros Oil Company located in Shiraz City of Iran. The results showed that the significance level of the studied indexes (level of education, job experiences, gender, and job status) are lower than 0.05, meaning that there is not any difference between the individual characteristics of the respondents. Furthermore, a significant relation was observed between the demographic factors and aspects of HSE.
Quantum chemical study on Me 2 +3-Amino-1 , 2 , 4-Triazole complexes ( Me = Ca , Zn , Cu , Co , Ni , Cd and Hg )

The geometry optimization of 3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole and Me 2+ -3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole complexes (Me = Ca, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Cd, и Hg) was done in water-phase with HF and DFT quantum chemical methods with 6-31G(d,p) and LANL2DZ basis sets. The bond orders and the electronic properties of complexes were calculated. It was found that the stability constants of complexes correlate well with the calculated dipole moments.
Singapore's female entrepreneurs ? are they different?

This paper reports the findings of an exploratory empirical study that examines the differences between male and female entrepreneurs in Singapore with respect to motivation and personality traits to determine the extent of the gender 'gap'. Using a conceptual framework combining the entrepreneurial personality characteristics identified by McClelland (1976) and Brockhaus (1982), the study's main hypothesis was that there were significant gender differences in terms of motivation and personality characteristics between Singaporean entrepreneurs. A survey among 85 entrepreneurs was conducted and the results suggest that there are no significant gender differences in terms of motivation but that there are significant differences in personality traits. The paper concludes by recommending that further research be conducted on other aspects of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor's conceptual model that could better explain the differences between male and female entrepreneurs.
Encapsulation of Axillary Buds of Gmelina arborea Roxb. and Peronema canescens Jack.

Synthetic seeds or artificial seeds made by encapsulating somatic embryos, shoot buds, or any other meristematic tissue help minimize the cost of micro-propagated plantlets for commercialization (MANOJ et al., 2009). A synthetic seed is a functional mimic seed that has the ability to convert into a plant under in vitro or ex vitro conditions and that can retain this potential even after storage (CAPUANO et al., 1998; ARA et al., 2000). Synthetic seeds have multiple advantages for propagation by organogenesis, including ease of handling, potential long-term storage, higher scale-up, and low production costs (REDENBAUGH et al., 1987). A synthetic seed is surrounded by a protective coating, which provides necessary protection during storage, handling, and mechanical planting. The coating may also contain nutrients to provide the energy required for germination, which is normally supplied by the endosperm. Plant growth regulators may also be included to aid development during germination (GUPTA and KREITINGER, 1993). The synthetic seed technique is mostly used for mass propagation of somatic embryos (ONISHI et al., 1994). However, micro-propagated buds offer an interesting alternative (BAPAT et al., 1987; KINOSHITA and SAITO, 1990; PICCIONI and STANDARDI, 1995). The first synthetic seed was reported by KITTO and JANICK (1985), who successfully germinated carrot somatic embryos coated in a polyoxyethylene water disc. Synthetic seed research has since been extended to forest tree species, including Santalum album (BAPAT and RAO, 1988), Betula platyphylla var. japonica (KINOSHITA and SAITO, 1990), Picea glauca (ATTREE et al., 1994), Paraserianthes falcataria (ISHII et al., 1994), Betula pendula (PICCIONI and STANDARDI, 1995), Quercus robur (PREWEIN and WILHELM, 2003), and Dalbergia sissoo (CHANDA and SHING, 2004). These studies described the effect of medium, growth regulators, and sucrose on plantlet regeneration from the encapsulated tissue using systematic screening. Gmelina arborea and Peronema canescens (both Verbenaceae) are suitable tree species for industrial plantations in some tropical areas because of their fast growth and multiple uses. In vitro clonal propagation of these species has been successfully developed for the rapid circulation of selected plus trees (SUKARTININGSIH et al., 1999; SUKARTININGSIH, 1999). However, a large space is required for mass propagation of plantlets, and frequent subculturing is necessary to maintain cultures. Therefore, the in vitro propagation system must be improved. Many tropical Encapsulation of Axillary Buds of Gmelina arborea Roxb. and Peronema canescens Jack.
Answer to the review comments by Renata Romanowicz

The production of spatially accurate representations of potential inundation is often limited by the lack of available data as well as model complexity. We present in this paper a new approach for rapid inundation mapping, MHYST, which is well adapted for data-scarce areas; it is based on :::::::: combines hydraulic geometry concepts for channels and DEM data for floodplains. Its originality lies in the fact that it does not work at the cross section scale but computes effective geometrical properties to describe the reach scale. Combining reach-scale geometrical properties with 1-D steady-state flow equations, 5 MHYST computes a topographically coherent relation between the “Height Above Nearest Drainage” and streamflow. This relation can then be used on a past or future event and :: to produce inundation maps. The MHYST approach is tested here on an extreme flood event that occurred in France in May-June 2016. The results indicate that it has a tendency to slightly underestimate inundation extents, although efficiency criteria values are clearly encouraging. The spatial distribution of model performance is discussed and it shows that the model can perform very well on most reaches, but has difficulties modelling 10 the more complex, urbanised reaches. MHYST should not be seen as a rival to detailed inundation studies, but as a first approximation able to rapidly provide inundation maps in data-scarce areas.
Chapter 5 ABC transporters are involved in multiple sclerosis pathology

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are normally highly expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and actively hinder passage of harmful compounds, thereby creating multidrug resistance of the brain. Since ABC transporters drive cellular exclusion of potential neurotoxic compounds, alterations in their expression and function at the BBB may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We therefore investigated the expression pattern of diff erent ABC eff lux transporters, including P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated proteins-1 and –2 (MRP-1, -2) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in various well-characterized human MS lesions. Cerebrovascular expression of P-gp was decreased in both active and chronic inactive MS lesions, whereas infi ltrated foamy monocyte-derived macrophages in active MS lesions show enhanced expression of MRP-1 and BCRP, which coincided with increased functionality of these transporters on cultured foamy macrophages. Interestingly, reactive astrocytes display a striking increased expression of P-gp and MRP-1 in both active and inactive MS lesions. To investigate whether ABC transporters on reactive astrocytes can contribute to the inflammatory process, primary cultures of reactive human astrocytes were generated by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) activation to mimic the phenotype of reactive astrocytes as observed in MS lesions. Notably, using this set-up, we demonstrated for the fi rst time that P-gp and MRP-1 are capable to mediate the secretion of inflammatory agents such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Together, our data illustrate a novel (patho)physiological role for these ABC transporters on reactive inflammatory astrocytes, suggesting that limiting their activity by dampening astrocyte activation may open therapeutic avenues to diminish tissue damage during MS pathogenesis.
Effect of magnetic field on germination and yield of wheat.

A b s t r a c t. The effect of magnetic field on germination and yields of spring wheat is presented. In the performed experiment two magnetic doses: D11=D13= 12.9 and D21=D23=17.9 kJ m -3 s were applied. The germination kinetic and yield of wheat depended on both magnetic field exposure doses. In both cases the better germination of seeds as compared to control seeds was observed. The yield of wheat for the exposure doses D11=D13 was 12.5% higher and for doses D21=D23 was 14.5% higher than obtained for the control. K e y w o r d s: magnetic field, wheat, pre-sowing treatment, germination, yield
Prediction out-of-sample using block shrinkage estimators: model selection and predictive inference

In a linear regression model with random design, we consider a family of candidate models from which we want to select a `good' model for prediction out-of-sample. We fit the models using block shrinkage estimators, and we focus on the challenging situation where the number of explanatory variables can be of the same order as sample size and where the number of candidate models can be much larger than sample size. We develop an estimator for the out-of-sample predictive performance, and we show that the empirically best model is asymptotically as good as the truly best model. Using the estimator corresponding to the empirically best model, we construct a prediction interval that is approximately valid and short with high probability, i.e., we show that the actual coverage probability is close to the nominal one and that the length of this prediction interval is close to the length of the shortest but infeasible prediction interval. All results hold uniformly over a large class of data-generating processes. These findings extend results of Leeb (2009), where the models are fit using least-squares estimators, and of Huber (2013), where the models are fit using shrinkage estimators without block structure.
Family firms and the great crisis: evidence from the italian case

Few studies have analyzed how family firms have acted during the global great crisis in comparison to their nonfamily counterparts. This paper tries to fill this gap on the basis of the Italian experience using a sample of almost 4,500 for 2007 and 2010. We study whether family control affects labour productivity, labour costs and competitiveness and if the adoption of performance related pay (PRP) reveals an efficacious strategy to mitigate the effects of the crisis and reduce the gap in competitiveness with respect to nonfamily firms. We use quantile regression techniques to test the heterogeneous role of PRP and pay attention for its possible endogeneity. We have observed that after the outburst of the crisis, the distance in terms of competitiveness of family firms with respect to their nonfamily counterparts has been amplified. We also find that family firms may take advantage from the adoption of incentive schemes, such as PRP, to encourage commitment and motivation from their employees more than nonfamily firms. The positive role of PRP on labour productivity, coupled with a moderate influence of these schemes on wage premiums, enable them to regain competitiveness also under hostile pressures, as those featuring the strong global crisis. JEL Classifications: G32, J33, D24.
An exploratory study of selfe ffi cacy and attitudes on self-care health behaviors among Greek Naval Academy cadets . An application of the Th eory of Planned Behavior

Many health conditions are caused by risk behaviors, such as problem drinking, substance use, and smoking. Health-compromising behaviors can be eliminated by self-regulatory efforts, and healthenhancing behaviors can be adopted instead, such as physical activity, weight control, and preventive nutrition. Literature review indicated the negative correlation between smoking and exercise, suggesting that smoking status has been positively associated with weight-loss intention, but negatively correlated with use of exercise. Additionally, smoking is negatively associated with readiness for participation in vigorous exercise. Research supports the fact that healthy diet can prevent and manage cardiovascular diseases and orthopaedic disorders. Facts indicate that if interventions foster exercise habits, this could facilitate transfer effects from one health behavior to the other. The aim of the study was to investigate the involvement of self-efficacy and attitudes on self-care health behaviors such as eating, smoking and exercise habits. The sample consisted of 185 cadets of the Greek Naval Academy (165 men, 20 women). They completed the Greek versions of the “Theory of Planned Behavior” and “Health Behavior” questionnaires. Results indicated that youngest cadets reported healthier habits than the older ones. More specifically, they were more positive oriented on eating healthier, and exercising, and more negatively oriented towards smoking. Overall, results shine for the first time some light on crucial and important aspects of prediction of intentions among healthy and unhealthy behaviors of military personnel.