Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils from Aquillaria malaccensis in Bangladesh

DOI: 10.21276/haya.2018. 3.10. 2 Abstract: Agarwood oil is a highly priced type of oil due to its unique aroma. Agarwood oil is widely used in perfume, medicine and cosmetic industries due to its unique properties and high medicinal value. The oil is generally extracted from the fragrant resins that form in the heartwood of agarwood tree. These unique properties of agar oils are contributed by the presence of certain chemical compounds. The market demand for agarwood oil is very high. Agarwood oil is traded based on grade, corresponding to expensive and cheap price. Currently, the grading of agar oil depends on its physical appearance such as color, odor and essential oil components, like present of sesquiterpenes. The present research analyzed essential oils from Aquilaria malaccensis obtained from Moulvibazar, Bangladesh based on GC-MS data and antimicrobial properties. GC-MS analysis found Sesquiterpenes, alcoholics, fatty acids and other chemical groups in the exportable agar oils. Farm-1 contained 94.95%, Fram-2 contained 95.37% and Farm-3 contained 93.90% sesquiterpenes which is the most important properties for stronger odors and high quality. All the agar oils contained about 75% 5-Azulenemethanol-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydryo.alpha. alpha.3. 8tetramethyl-3,7-Cyclodecad iene-1ethanol.alpha. alpha.4,8–tetramethyl-[s-(Z,Z)]. They also contained other sesquiterpenes like Ledene oxideII; Aromandendrene; Bicyclo[4.4. 0]dec-5-ene,1,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-8-(1-methylene-2-hydroxyethyl-1)1H-3 a,7-methanolazulene, deca hydro-1,4,9,9-tetramethyl-Diethyl Phthalate; Isoaromadendrene epoxide. Other groups like alkane ~2%, alcoholics ~1% and fatty acid were found above 2%. The essential oils from all the farms except farm-2 have shown non-significant sensibility in antimicrobial test against E. coli, S. aureus, Salmonella,Vibrio.
An ultra-potent synthetic nanobody neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by locking Spike into an inactive conformation

Without an effective prophylactic solution, infections from SARS-CoV-2 continue to rise worldwide with devastating health and economic costs. SARS-CoV-2 gains entry into host cells via an interaction between its Spike protein and the host cell receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Disruption of this interaction confers potent neutralization of viral entry, providing an avenue for vaccine design and for therapeutic antibodies. Here, we develop single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) that potently disrupt the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and ACE2. By screening a yeast surface-displayed library of synthetic nanobody sequences, we identified a panel of nanobodies that bind to multiple epitopes on Spike and block ACE2 interaction via two distinct mechanisms. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) revealed that one exceptionally stable nanobody, Nb6, binds Spike in a fully inactive conformation with its receptor binding domains (RBDs) locked into their inaccessible down-state, incapable of binding ACE2. Affinity maturation and structure-guided design of multivalency yielded a trivalent nanobody, mNb6-tri, with femtomolar affinity for SARS-CoV-2 Spike and picomolar neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 infection. mNb6-tri retains stability and function after aerosolization, lyophilization, and heat treatment. These properties may enable aerosol-mediated delivery of this potent neutralizer directly to the airway epithelia, promising to yield a widely deployable, patient-friendly prophylactic and/or early infection therapeutic agent to stem the worst pandemic in a century.
Improvement of the Geotechnical Properties of Brahmaputra River Silt

Brahmaputra silt from the Nimati Ghat area (South Bank of Brahmaputra) with locational coordinates (26.86Lat. 94.22Long.) in the Jorhat district of Assam has been collected to study the engineering properties and to propose a possible improvement to its engineering properties. The collected specimen of Brahmaputra silt was non plastic and exhibited a Liquid Limit of 33.80%, Maximum Dry Density (MDD) of 1.504gm/cc at an OMC of 20.40%. The CBR value, Permeability and Unconfined Compressive Strength were found to be 3.80%, 1.29x10-4 cm/sec and 0.082kg/cm2 respectively. For the purpose of the improvement, various trials were conducted by mixing the collected specimen of Brahmaputra Silt with 5% Lime, 5% Bentonite and with 1.50%, 3.0%, 6.0% & 9.0% Lime in combination and with 2.0%, 5.0%, 7.0%, 10.0% and 12.0% Bentonite alone and tested for Liquid Limits, Plastic Limits, OMC-MDD value, CBR value, Permeability and Unconfined Compressive Strength. It was found that addition of Bentonite alone resulted in better improvement than with the addition of lime with or without Bentonite in composition. The results of the present study shall find utility in the adoption of Brahmaputra Silt for civil engineering construction such as roads, embankments etc. after suitable improvement to it.
The ordination axes clustering based on detrended canonical correspondence analysis ordination and its application to the analysis of the ecological gradients of plant communities

Based on Detrended Canonical Correspondence Analysis(DCCA),a new classification method,DCCA Ordination Axes Clustering(OAC)was introduced and was applied to the classification of the plant communities in Bashuigou catchment,Guandi Mountain,Shanxi Province.Five types of communities can be identified with the method.It is concluded that there are obvious differences of community structure and environmental factors among the community types by using the Analysis of Variance and Multiple Comparison.So,the OAC based on DCCA expresses the ecological gradients of communities and environment clearly. For the OAC based on DCCA combining the vegetation and environmental factors,it expresses the gradients and the variation characteristics of the community structure and environment well.The axis 1 illustrates the gradients towards warm and dry,representing the horizontal variation of micro topography and the types of wooden plant community.Along the axis 1,the shrub community replaces the forest community,and the Populus spp. + Betula spp. Picea spp.forest and the Larix principis rupprechtii Picea meyeri forest are replaced by the Populus davidiana Quercus liaotougensis forest.However the scale of variation is small.The axis 2 means the gradients towards cold and wet,caused by the vertical variation of altitude and the types of plant community.Along the axis 2.the herbaceous community replaces the forest and shrub community,and the Populus spp. + Betula spp. Picea spp.forest and the Populus davidiana Quercus liaotungensis forest are replaced by the Larix principis rupprechitii Picea meyeri forest.However,the scale of variation is large.At all,the two dimensional plot of the axis 1 and axis 2 can clearly reflects the spatial gradients of communities in this area. The OAC based on DCCA is good as DCCA,and it can remove Arch effect and relate more environmental factors.Also,it is good as OAC,and its can finish clustering by itself,and it means definite ecological relations.This new method has some advantages in the study on the relationships between the community and environment.
A Literature Survey of Stock Market Prediction using Artiﬁcial Neural Network (ANN)

: Stock market prediction has been one of the popular topics in ﬁnancial domain. Prior to the advancement in machine learning and artiﬁcial intelligence, many statistical models were employed. Even though these models gave almost accurate results but using these models was not efﬁcient and time consuming because of the market’s rapidly changing behavior. Due to the advancement in machine learning and artiﬁcial intelligence it has become possible to employ different models like neural networks, regression, decision tree, bayesian networks etc. which gives us results as accurate results as statistical models if not better in a very short amount of time. In this paper, we are going to make use of artiﬁcial neural network (ANN) model with backpropagation to forecast stock prices. Technical indicators that we are going to use in the project to forecast stock values are - trading data viz. open, close, high, low, oil rates, bank interest rates, foreign exchange rates and gold rates.
Education and Intergenerational Earnings Transmission: The Case of Japan and South Korea

The purpose of this article is to investigate to what extent education explains the transmission of economic status from parents to offspring in the cases of Japan and South Korea. The intergenerational transmission through education is measured by decomposing the return on an offspring’s education and the linkage between parental earnings and an offspring’s education. The estimation results suggest that education accounts for the order of 0.1, or 40-50% of the intergenerational transmission in terms of earnings. JEL classification: D31, J62
5-Fluorouracil–sensitive and – resistant colorectal cancer cells reveals altered sphingomyelin and ceramide controlled by acid

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used to treat colorectal cancer. 5-FU is known to gradually lose its efficacy in treating colorectal cancer following the acquisition of resistance. We investigated the mechanism of 5-FU resistance using comprehensive lipidomic approaches. We performed lipidomic analysis on 5-FU–resistant (DLD-1/5-FU) and -sensitive (DLD-1) colorectal cancer cells using MALDI-MS and LC-MRM-MS. In particular, sphingomyelin (SM) species were significantly up-regulated in 5-FU–resistant cells in MALDI-TOF analysis. Further, we quantified sphingolipids including SM and Ceramide (Cer) using Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM), as they play a vital role in drug resistance. We found that 5-FU resistance in DLD-1/5-FU colorectal cancer cells was mainly associated with SM increase and Cer decrease, which are controlled by acid sphingomyelinase (SMPD1). In addition, reduction of SMPD1 expression was confirmed by LC-MRM-MS analysis and the effect of SMPD1 in drug resistance was assessed by treating DLD-1 cells with siRNA-SMPD1. Furthermore, clinical colorectal cancer data set analysis showed that down-regulation of SMPD1 was associated with resistance to chemotherapy regimens that include 5-FU. Thus, from our study, we propose that SM/Cer and SMPD1 are new potential target molecules for therapeutic strategies to overcome 5-FU resistance.
Designing Magnetic Components for Optimum Performance Article

Assuming that the reader is familiar with basic magnetic design theory, this topic provides design guidance to achieve high efficiency, low electromagnetic interference (EMI), and manufacturing ease for the magnetic components in typical offline power converters. Magnetic-component designs for a 90-W notebook adapter and a 300-W ATX power supply are used as examples. Magnetic applications to be considered include the input EMI filter, power inductor design, high-voltage (HV) level-shifting gate drives, and singleand multiple-output forward-mode transformers in both wound and planar formats. The techniques are also applied to flyback “transformers” (coupled inductors) and will enable lowerprofile designs with lower intrinsic common-mode noise generation.
Antifungal Defensins In Controlling Panama Wilt of Banana Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense

Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. cubense causes vascular wilt and root rot in banana plantations at elevated temperatures. Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. cubense can persist in affected fields for an extended period of time on plant stubbles as macro conidia or even survive on soils as dormant chlamydospores in the absence of a suitable host plant. An in vitro antifungal assay was conducted to find the efficacy of defensin (an antifungal protein) from M. truncatula against F. oxysporium f.sp. cubense strains viz., FGSC # 8359 (Australia), FGSC # 8361 (Australia), FGSC # 8363 (MALI), FGSC # 8368 (Taiwan). In vitro antifungal assays using twofold serial dilutions of each defensin (Def1 and Def4) were carried out and Bright-field images were made using the transmitted light channel in a Zeiss LSM 510 META confocal microscope. Fungal growth inhibition was also quantitated spectrophotometrically 12 h ,24 h ,36 h ,48 h after the addition of each defensin (2 μM-20 μM). From the results, it has been postulated that the MsDef1 and MtDef4 have a biphasic effect on the membrane permeabilization of FOC depending on the defensin dose.
Performance Comparison of Reactive Based Routing Protocols in MANET’s

: A Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks does not possess any fixed infrastructure. Due to mobility of nodes, and frequent link breakage carry out, no central administrator is required. Hence, in MANETs routing is challenging job and it generating multiple types of routing protocols. In this paper, the author describe on reactive routing techniques that have the major challenges in ad hoc networks. Therefore, to determine the actual suitability of the proactive routing protocol for MANET is very difficult for different network conditions. At this point, the author suggests about comparison of various reactive routing protocol regarding the efficiency of the network.
Development of an innovative sequencer and data acquisition (SDAQ) electronics based on FPGA for a CCD timing and signal processing

We report on the performance and characteristics of the SDAQ electronics board developed at the XUVLab of the Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, as a digital system to control signal generation and data acquisition, mainly designed for new generation CCD cameras, but suitable for driving and acquiring data from a large variety of solid state detector electronics. This report describes the characteristics of the SDAQ controller as well as the tests and the characterization procedures at XUVLab electronics facilities.
Interparental violence: Similarities and discrepancies between narratives of mothers and their children

Previous studies and intervention programs on interparental violence have relied largely on reports either solely from parents or solely from children. Nevertheless, the literature and the theoretical background provide indications of the existence of discrepancies between the narratives of parents and those of children. This study therefore focuses on similarities and differences between the narratives of mothers and those of their children with regard to the children’s exposure to interparental violence and its impact on child and parental functioning. In depth open interviews were conducted to assess the narratives of 36 mothers (27–59 years of age) and 43 of their children (17 boys and 26 girls; 9–25 years of age) who had experienced interparental violence in their past. A hierarchical coding system was used to code the interviews. Thereafter, the differences between mother and child narratives were analyzed based on the coded fragments. Few differences were found between the narratives with regard to parental functioning. We did find discrepancies, however, with regard to the children’s exposure to interparental violence and its impact on child functioning. Exploratory analyses showed relationships between the discrepancies and the severity of the violence and age of the children. More attention to these differences is essential in order to enhance our knowledge concerning the complex impact of violence on family members and to improve support geared to their specific needs.
Modelling Potential of Maxent Model in Predicting Geographic Distributions of Medicinal Plants

Plants have been used medicinally since pre-historic times. The pharmacological activity of chemical compounds present in medicinal plants gives them their scientific basis to be used as modern drugs. Investigations of such compounds in plants have been done by the science of ethno botany. Ethno botany limits itself in mining traditional uses of medicinal plants in drug discovery effects. Field work for plant investigation is time consuming and difficult because it needs high cost and extensive labor. However overall geographic distribution of particular medicinal plant species is of growing interest. The maximum entropy distribution modelling or Maxent model can be used to study the probability distribution of medicinal plant species over a geographical range. Provided with detailed environmental data, endangered and threatened medicinal plant species can also be studied as well as protected with help of such models. The present study is based on use of Maxent model for prediction of species based on presence only data. Maxent model helps in determining spread and explore complex relationships of environment as well as species. Accurate modelling not only helps in study the distribution pattern but also provides a platform to study the ecological as well as conservation status.
Mobile Phone Data in Urban Customized Bus: A Network-based Hierarchical Location Selection Method with an Application to System Layout Design in the Urban Agglomeration

Employment is one of the essential socioeconomic connections in urban agglomeration. However, both the demand and the supply of transjurisdictional public transport service are unevenly distributed in such area. Customized bus has a high potential of serving transjurisdictional and long-distance commuting demand. This study proposes a network-based layout design method to generate hierarchical service scopes and stations for customized bus system. First, the home and the workplace of residents are identified using mobile phone data, to construct a jobs-housing relationship network. Then, an iterative algorithm based on network community detection and density-based spatial clustering is applied to the jobs-housing relationship network to hierarchically segment the urban agglomeration area into communities. Three methods are proposed for location selection of customized bus stations. A case study is conducted using the mobile phone dataset from nine cities in the Yangtze River Urban Agglomeration in China. A four-level hierarchical customized bus system layout is generated and both the spatial properties and network properties of service scopes are analyzed. The proposed three methods of customized bus station location selection are compared based on the average travel distance and the rationality of the resulted customized bus station location.
Manipulating Users’ Trust of Autonomous Products With Affective Priming

Autonomous products, which perform many functions on their own with limited user input, require users to exhibit trust at an appropriate level before use. Research in product trust has thus far focused on the product characteristics: such as manipulating the product’s design—for example, anthropomorphizing an autonomous vehicle—and measuring changes in the users’ trust. This study flips the usual approach and instead manipulates users’ mental state through priming, and then measures users’ trust to an existing autonomous product, the Amazon Echo. In this study, we used visual stimuli (images) that evoked either positive or negative emotions as affective primes to influence users’ trust before interacting with the Echo. While interacting with the Echo, users evaluated its performance and how well it met their expectations. Holistically, users’ perceived performance of the Echo and age had significant effects on their trust of the product, but the affective primes showed no significant effect. However, for the subgroup of participants whose expectations of the product's performance were met: those who received either positive or negative prime were more likely to trust the product than those who saw neutral images; men were more likely to trust the product than others. The study demonstrates the importance of meeting users’ expectations and highlights the potential to build trust by inducing emotions contextually.
Determinants of Personal Loan Default and Performance of the Proportional Hazards Model with that ofaRandom Survival Forests Models

Abstract – Loan Default is the failure of an applicant to fulfill his/her obligation with respect to the repayment of loans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of personal loan default and performance of the proportional hazards model with that of a random survival forests models. Primary data collected through questionnaires from 1500 customers who take the personal loan from a major Sri Lankan financial institution. The binary logistic regression model, proportional hazards model and random survival forest models was used as major analytical tools. Study found that, customer-related factors highly affected to the personal loan default such as occupation, monthly income and purpose of loan. The Random Survival Forest model considered monthly Income, occupation, the purpose of loan, and the amount of loan are important. The Cox Proportional Hazard model additionally considered other liabilities and frequency paid as important.There is need for the government to reduce the strains to the general economy in order not only to facilitate economic growth but also to enhance the minimization of the customer-related factors that precipitate loan default.
Priority-regarding Shapley values

We offer and axiomatize a new allocation rule for cooperative games, the priorityregarding Shapley values, which takes into account both each player’s contribution and a priority order among players to determine each player’s allocation. The priority order is exogenously or endogenously determined. For the exogenous case, we introduce two new axioms, fair evaluation for contribution (FEC) and relative difference for null players (RDN), and show that the allocation rule satisfies these two axioms with three standard axioms, efficiency, monotonicity and symmetry if and only if it takes the convex combination of the Shapley value and the weighted division. For the endogenous case, we also show that an allocation rule satisfies two weak monotonicity axioms, efficiency, weak symmetry and additivity if and only if the rule is the priority-regarding Shapley value. We also characterize the egalitarian Shapley values, the Shapley value, the weighted divisions and the egalitarian division as special cases of our priority-regarding Shapley values by imposing additional axioms.
Molecular properties of polyvinyl alcohol/ sodium alginate composite

Molecular and bimolecular properties are important factors to judge the functionality of polymer/biopolymer composites. Accordingly, molecular modeling is conducted to study the electronic properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA); Sodium Alginate (SA) as well as their composites. Accordingly, Density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYB level using 6-311/G (d, p) basis set is utilized to study the model structures. Total dipole moment (TDM), HOMO/LUMO energy gap, electrostatic potential (ESP) are calculated at B3LYB level for all studied structures. The results of TDM, HOMO/LUMO energy gap and ESP indicated that the TDM increased, HOMO/LUMO energy gap decreased and electro-negativity increased for the structures under study. Thermal parameters at PM6 are calculated including final heat of formation; free energy; entropy; enthalpy and heat capacity as a function of temperature. Thermal parameters show a variation with changing the site of interaction which indicated that the coordination of PVA/SA is an important factor for describing PVA/SA composite.
Human Capital Accumulation And Growth

In this paper, we develop two simple discrete-time Ramsey models augmented with household’s investment where she will divide her saving in two shares, one is physical capital and the rest be used for investing in education (human capital). The main results allow us to take progress along impacts of human capital on economic growth with three regimes. In the first and second model, there will be the steady state of economy, moreover we also prove the existence of equilibrium. With reference to the last model (with human capital accumulation), we found some conditions under which there exists growth in the long-run.