Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barcelona GSE Working Paper Series Working Paper n o 1032 Bargaining at Retail Stores : Evidence from Vienna

The optimality of trading mechanisms has long been a subject of interest in economics, yet there exists little empirical evidence regarding which mechanisms of trade are deployed in practice. Our audit study of retail stores in Vienna documents previously unknown and important facts. Stores agree to a discount off of the posted price approximately 40% of the time. Discounts are more likely to be granted by small-scale firms, for higher-priced products, and for non-sale items. Our findings are consistent with the predictions of a principle-agent model in which a firm decides whether to augment posted prices with bargaining concessions. JEL Classification: L81; D12; C78; C93.
Early Damage Detection of Structural Defects Using Guided Waves

Limited access to the object of relevance is often an essential problem in testing routines, e.g. for non-destructive testing of industry facilities or components of means of transportation. The presented project is about the development of a non-destructive testing method for application over great distances (up to 100 m). The method is based on directed excitation and measuring of Lamb waves (guided waves). It enables an effective differentiation of structural and defective indications as well as a classification of different defect types. The advantage of guided waves is the ability of propagation over great distances. This offers innovative possibilities for the investigation of large or difficult to access constructions. The testing method can be helpful in a broad variety of applications. It is useable for the characterization of plane or cylindrical, thin-walled surfaces of metal or fiber laminated materials. Particularly the investigation of aircraft wings and other aerospace components as well as the investigation of pipelines are addressed fields of application. The project was based on BAM’s established testing technology and know-how regarding ultrasound methods. During the project a comprehensive understanding was build up about the Lamb wave principles and application relevant parameters (specimen materials and dimensions, wave characteristics, excitation, transmission und reflection). Algorithms were developed to identify and analyze damage patterns (cracks, wholes, weakening). Beside the algorithm processing the main project focus was on developing a capable equipment technology. Ultrasound multichannel technique was used as sensor elements. Very challenging demands consist on the excitation technology to generate the wave modes using piezoelectric actuators. Because there is no adequate existing solution available for this purpose, a new development was carried out. An innovative _____________ Matthias, Bartholmai, Enrico, Köppe, Jens Prager BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany matthias.bartholmai@bam.de 6th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring Poster 5 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 1 wave generator was implemented, particularly for the multichannel use and configuration of different wave forms and modes. Synchronization, frequency adjustment and amplitude modulation for up to 16 channels are possible at very high frequencies. The Specifications allow building up application oriented structural health monitoring (SHM) systems for the investigation of large-scale structures. Next steps are the validation and optimization of the system on suitable reference objects and the expansion of the actor techniques also for operating the sensors.
Selection of ν μ charged – current induced interactions with N > 0 protons and performance of events with N = 2 protons in the final state in the MicroBooNE detector from the BNB MICROBOONE-NOTE-1056

Using the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) at Fermilab’s Booster Neutrino Beam, we examine samples of charged current events from neutrino scattering on argon with exactly two or with any number of protons in final states with no other hadrons except neutrons. We described the particle identification method employed for protons, and we compare measured kinematic distributions of muons and protons to predictions from several Monte Carlo event generators.
Chapter Two. Latitudinal Variation of Body Size in Land Snail Populations and Communities

Bergmann’s rule states the tendency for body size to positively correlate with latitude within groups of closely related animals (Bergmann 1847; Rensch 1938; Mayr 1956; James 1970). While there has been much discussion about the appropriate taxonomic groups and scales where this pattern is expected to operate, there is little question that it applies to most endothermic vertebrates (e.g., Blackburn et al. 1999). However, not only are the underlying mechanisms still the subject of considerable debate (Ashton et al. 2000), but it is also less clear if this pattern should be expected for ectothermic invertebrates. This is because while larger ectothermic bodies experience lowered heat loss rates due to smaller surface-to-volume ratios, they will also experience correspondingly lower heat absorption rates (Cushman et al. 1993). It should thus not be surprising that general body size vs. latitude relationships have not been forthcoming for these species. While positive body size–latitude relationships have been identifi ed in ants (Cushman et al. 1993; Kaspari and Vargo 1995), marine isopods (Poulin 1995b), copepods (Poulin 1995a), amphipods (Poulin and Hamilton 1995), and monogoneans (Poulin 1996), marine bivalves tend to have largest body sizes at midlatitudes (Roy and Martien 2001). While Northern Hemisphere butterfl ies possess positive body size correlations with increasing latitude, Southern Hemisphere taxa demonstrate a negative relationship (Barlow 1994; Hawkins and Lawton 1995). Eastern North American
Integrating Polish LFG with External Morphology

This paper presents a previously undocumented approach to combining an extensive LFG grammar, employed in the construction of an LFG parsebank, with an exhaustive external morphological component. It shows how the Polish morphological analyser Morfeusz is plugged into the XLE grammar architecture as a basis for tokenisation and morphological analysis steps. The proposed solution also takes into account phenomena such as the treatment of MWEs and abbreviations. Finally, it is demonstated how the tokeniser and analyser components interact with the grammar rules.
CALPHAD : Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry

Thermodynamic modelling of Ti-Zr-N system is performed using Calphad method coupled with ab initio calculations. The energies of formation of stable and metastable end-members of sublattice formulations of solid phases in Zr-N system and enthalpy of mixing of the mixed nitride (Ti, Zr)N (δ) are calculated using ab initio method. Phonon calculations are used to compute the Gibbs energies of stoichiometric ZrN and the mixed nitride δ. With the aid of experimental thermochemical and constitutional data from the literature along with the results of ab initio calculations, thermodynamic optimization is carried out to obtain the Gibbs energy model parameters.
BARNEY ’ S VRIO FRAMEWORK AND PERFORMANCE IN SPORTS ORGANISATIONS

Growing competition in the sports industry forces sports management to understand how to utilize their resources or assets in the best way to compete. It has been recognized that the resources of an organisation are the foundations of organizational performance. Thus, cultivating a culture of resource effectiveness is a responsibility of everyone, therefore the management as a major task the efficiency of the resources with positive effects on performance. The resource-based view (RBV) approach can provide a framework for understanding the role that core resources will play in the organisational performance of organisations involved in sports industry.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MULTICULTURALISM IN MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS : A STUDY OF RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND POVERTY IN POST-SUHARTO AMBON

The goal of this case study is to analyze the significance of multiculturalism within the Indonesian government’s Millennium Development Goals poverty eradication effort. Thus, the outcome is to identify solutions towards poverty caused by the absence of multiculturalism values in Ambon, through resource management. The consideration of choosing Ambon is because it is one of Indonesia’s most underdeveloped regions, though rich in natural resources. Interestingly, the condition was widely linked to ethnic issues occurred in Ambon since Suharto’s downfall in 1998. This research’s main concept is based on Amartya Sen’s notion of social exclusion, namely the capability deprivation. Additionally, the sociological perspective of structural-functionalism is employed as the research perspective. Other literature studies include historical review on the relation between poverty and multiculturalism in developing countries, as well as Iwan Gardono’s paper on primordial conflicts in Ambon. By analyzing the relation between the state’s ignorance of multiculturalism and poverty, we will understand how the ethnicity-based exclusion occurred in post-Suharto Ambon until recently. In turn, this phenomenon has triggered marginalization of the dominant native ethnic groups. Eventually, the structural inequality caused by the marginalization enables the non-native ethnic groups to enjoy the natural resources exclusively. The finding offers an alternative solution of natural resource management in Ambon, as a blueprint of sustainable development. Therefore, results suggest that multiculturalism values should be structurally enforced by the state to ensure inclusivity among various ethnic groups. The importance of bottom-up policy-making to create compatible social policies within different social structures is also suggested. Field of Research: Social exclusion, poverty eradication, multiculturalism, ethnic relations. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHARACTERISING SPHERICAL PACKINGS BY PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS

Particle packings play an important role in the discrete element modelling of particulate systems as different packings can lead to different physical behaviour, and therefore need to be properly characterised and controlled. Apart from a few conventional approaches, there is still a lack of more general, comprehensive and quantitative approaches that can reveal some fundamental features of packings. The current work attempts to develop a novel packing characterising system based on two techniques: digitalised image representation of a packing and subsequent application of Principal Component Analysis to the resulting image. It will prove that the principal components or variances of a packing image can indeed qualify as the signature of the packing, and therefore can be utilised to characterise the packing. Furthermore, a dissimilarity coefficient or a similarity index will be defined which provides a single valued metric to quantitatively compare two packings. Comprehensive investigations for several groups of purposefully generated particle packings are conducted to understand relationships of their principal variances with packing features. The difference between two packings with different features can be revealed by the principal variance (PV) and dissimilarity coefficient (DC).
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION OF CHEILOSIA VERNALIS (FALLÉN, 1817) (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE)

Natural populations of Cheilosia vernalis (FALLÉN, 1817) from village Morinj, Mediterranean area (Montenegro); low mountain Fruska Gora in the Pannonian plain (Serbia) and two high Dinaric mountains Durmitor (Montenegro) and Kopaonik (Serbia) on the Balkan Peninsula were analyzed for genetic variability at 12 enzyme loci. Geographic variation was analyzed based on the presence of specific genotypes, rare and private alleles at Gpi, Had, Idh-2, Mdh-2, Pgm and Sod-1 loci. Difference in genetic structure parameters was also observed.
A LASER-BASED BEAM PROFILE MEASURING INSTRUMENT FOR THE FRONT END TEST STAND AT RAL

The RAL Front End Test Stand is being constructed to demonstrate production of a high-quality, chopped 60 mA H− beam at 3 MeV and 50 pps. In parallel to the accelerator development, non-destructive laser-based beam diagnostics are being designed. This paper reports on the realisation of a laser-based profile instrument that will be able to reconstruct the complete 2D transverse beam density distribution by scanning a laser beam through the ion beam at a variety of angles and then computationally combining the results. Commissioning results are presented alongside plans for future developments.
Damping Behaviour of Aluminium Alloy / Basalt Short Fiber Metal Matrix Composites – An Investigation

Metal matrix composites offer unique opportunities for achieving multifunctionality in materials. Nowadays it is commonly considered that high damping materials which haveboth the good mechanical properties as structural materials and the high damping capacity for vibration damping are the most direct vibration damping solution. In this work,the thermo-mechanical behaviour of as cast Al7075 alloy and Al7075/basalt short fiber composites was investigated as a function of temperature using Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA). The composites were prepared by the melt-stirring technique with 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% by weight of basalt short fiber. From the study it was observed that within the scope of this investigation as the temperature was increased, the loss modulus and damping capacity increases while the storage modulus decreases. However, both loss modulus and storage modulus increase marginally with the increase in basalt short fiber contents. The damping capacity, on the other hand, shows an increase with the increase in basalt short fiber content as well as with temperature. In all the cases, it can be seen that damping capacity increases as basalt fiber content increases due to the presence of basalt fibers, which significantly accelerate the ageing and precipitation kinetics in matrix alloy. This acceleration is attributed to the decrease in incubation time for nucleation and growth of precipitates resulting from an increase in dislocation density due to coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the matrix and the reinforcement.
Modeling & Simulation of the Drilling Cutter by using Finite Element Method

On the basis of creating a mathematical model of Drilling Cutter, we generate the 3D model of the cutter in CATIA Software for Simulation with Finite Element Analysis to determine the effect of Equivalent Stress, Equivalent Elastic Strain, Total Deformation, Shear Stress & Shear Elastic Strain on the Drilling Cutter due to the cutting forces that develop due to different parameters such as Spindle Speed, Feed Rate, Feed Factor and Cutting Speed. As a simulation tool, ANSYS is used.
CFD MODELLING OF THE EFFECT OF FILLETS ON FIN DRAG

This paper describes work being done at Swansea University on the design of wave riding surfboards, with preliminary emphasis on the stabilising fins. Two specific CAD (Computer Aided Design) tools are being developed, one for surfboard design and the other for fin design, both of which allow export of NURB (Non-Uniform, Rational, B-spline) surface geometry in the IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification) format. The fin design tool has the capability of allowing different National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) foils series to be set at separate cross-sections along the fin. Fins and surfboard/fin combinations can be imported directly into the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) package FLUENT and with careful consideration of surfing dynamics to obtain values of critical flow variables, estimates have been obtained of the pressure and friction drag forces, which are thought to correspond to those occurring in practice and will be validated experimentally at a later stage. These results, however, have already been used to examine a number of disputes in the manufacturing industry, one of which is whether glasson fins induce more or less drag than equivalent fins fixed to the board by a box. This component of the research is just a small part of the larger objective which is to bring scientific and engineering advances into the design and manufacture of surfboards. As the project progresses, CFD will be used to resolve more complex drag components, such as wave drag (free surfaces), induced (vortex) drag and cavitational drag, as well as being coupled to a finite element stress analysis to optimize flexural properties of boards and fins. ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS: Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Surfboard Design, Fins, Wave Riding, Drag Coefficients, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) foils INTRODUCTION Lengths of surfboards typically range from 1.5m (5’0) to 2.7m (9’0), depending on the type of waves for which they are intended to be ridden, with smaller boards generally used in smaller waves. Until the early seventies, surfboards tended to be longer and more rounded at either
HOC CONFIDENCE BOUNDS ON FALSE POSITIVES USING REFERENCE FAMILIES By

We follow a post-hoc, “user-agnostic” approach to false discovery control in a large-scale multiple testing framework, as introduced by Genovese and Wasserman (2006), Goeman and Solari (2011): the statistical guarantee on the number of correct rejections must hold for any set of candidate items, possibly selected by the user after having seen the data. To this end, we introduce a novel point of view based on a family of reference rejection sets and a suitable criterion, namely the joint-family-wise-error rate over that family (JER for short). First, we establish how to derive post hoc bounds from a given JER control and analyze some general properties of this approach. We then develop procedures for controlling the JER in the case where reference regions are p-value level sets. These procedures adapt to dependencies and to the unknown quantity of signal (via a step-down principle). We also show interesting connections to confidence envelopes of Meinshausen (2006); Genovese and Wasserman (2006), the closed testing based approach of Goeman and Solari (2011) and to the higher criticism of Donoho and Jin (2004). Our theoretical statements are supported by numerical experiments.
The 39th KIPS Spring Conference 2013 - Information

Virtualization technology opened a new era in the field of Data intensive, Grid and Cloud Computing. Today’s Data centers are smarter than ever leveraging the Virtualization technology. In response to that, Dynamic consolidations of Virtual Machines (VMs) allow efficient resource management by live migration of VMs in the hosts. Moreover, each client typically has a service level agreement (SLA), leads to stipulation in dealing with energy-performance trade-off as aggressive consolidation may lead to performance degradation beyond the negotiation. In this paper we propose a Cloud Based CDN approach for allocation of VM that aims to maximize the client-level SLA. Our experiment result demonstrates significant enhancement of SLA at certain level.
Agricultural Academy THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MUNICIPALITIES AND RURAL AREAS IN THE FRUITS ’ CIRCUIT REGION , STATE OF SÃO PAULO , BRAZIL

V. F. de Souza-Esquerdo and S. M. P. P. Bergamasco, 2017. The relationship between municipalities and rural areas in the fruits’ circuit region, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 23 (5): 729–738 The Fruits’ Circuit is a region with great tradition in fruit production that comprises 10 municipalities in the state of São Paulo. According to recent studies, the majority of rural properties in the referred region are held and managed by family farmers. In this sense, this paper presents a survey that aimed to verify the importance of rural areas for the Fruits’ Circuit municipalities through secondary data analysis. We have found that the 10 municipalities that are part of the Fruit’s Circuit have their economies mainly geared to the service and industrial sectors, therefore agriculture it’s not a representative activity for the constitution of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the region. However, as agricultural products tipically have low added value in comparision to industrial products, the GPD may fudge its social and economic role for local development. In this paper we also note the importance of family faming for the region as a fundamental social actor in the continuity of its cultural traditions, specially by the festivals that are held in the municipalities as celebrations to annual harvests.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES IMPACT FACTOR ~ 1.021

Dimethoate is a widely used insecticide on Tomato in India for the management of sucking and leaf eating insect pests in both open field and poly houses. Dissipation and risk analysis of dimethoate in two situations was carried out at recommended dose i.e. Dimethoate 30% EC @ 300 g a.i. ha -1 and tomato fruits were analyzed at regular interval till the residues are below determination level (BDL) of 0.05 mg kg -1 following the validated QuEChERS method, analysis on GC-FPD and confirmation on GC-MSMS (TQD). Initial deposits of 1.31 mg kg -1 were detected in samples collected from open field, which dissipated to BDL by 7 th day, and in poly houses, deposits of 1.76 mg kg -1 dissipated to BDL by 10 th day, with half-life of 1.55 and 1.63 days, respectively, reveal that dissipation is slow in poly house. MRLs of 3 mg kg -1 and 4 mg kg -1 recommended in open field and poly house, respectively, as per OECD MRL calculator and chronic hazard exposure assessment since the theoretical maximum daily intake is less than calculated MRLs based on per capita tomato consumption and average body weight. Among various decontamination methods tested, veggy wash found to be very effective in removing dimethoate residues to an extent of 76.77 %, followed by 4% acetic acid solution (65.49 %) and tap water wash was least effective (23.29 %) in removing dimethoate residues from tomato.
Reducing Bias in Lidar-Only Motion Estimation

Reducing Bias in Lidar-Only Motion Estimation Yuqing (Tim) Tang Master of Applied Science University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies University of Toronto 2018 Lidar sensors are used extensively in mobile robotics applications. As a moving-whilescanning sensor, motion estimation from lidar alone is challenging since the point-clouds measured are motion distorted. We develop a continuous-time lidar odometry pipeline based on the simultaneous trajectory estimation and mapping (STEAM) framework. Though accurate, there are biases in the estimator that cause the odometry to drift over time. This thesis presents two approaches for bias reduction. First, a learning-based approach is developed, which trains a model using prior data. The model takes in pointcloud information and outputs the predicted biases. The predicted biases are then applied as a correction to improve the odometry. Next, we show that a source of estimator bias occurs when the motion model cannot sufficiently represent the underlying trajectory. We derive a novel white-noise-on-jerk motion model, and show that it outperforms the white-noise-on-acceleration motion model in the existing STEAM framework.