Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic event based model checking for predicting component failures and service availability

When a component failure occurs in a complex, critical system it can be difficult to assess the impact and prioritise and schedule repairs. We propose stochastic event based modelling, based on continuous time Markov chains, and analysis by model checking stochastic temporal logic properties, can inform assessments and operational decisions. By relating the status of components to service availability, we quantify the risk of service failure now, and in given times the future. Decisions about which component to repair, and when, can then be taken according to those risks. The quantified risks can also inform evaluation of designs. We demonstrate the approach through application to an industrial case study and we calibrate the models with rates inferred from historical field data about failures over a one year period. Our analysis allows us to predict the likelihood of no-service within 48 hours, before and after making repairs to specific components, and to estimate expected costs for maintentance, over a specific time period (e.g. a month).
Astrobiology with Robotic Telescopes at CAB

The key objectives of RTRCAB are the identification of new exoplanets and especially the characterization of the known exoplanets by observing photometric and systematic monitoring of their transits. These telescopes, equipped with advanced technology, optimized control programs, and optical and technical characteristics adequate for this purpose, are ideal to make the observations that are required to carry out these programs. The achievement of these goals is ensured by the existence of three separated geographical stations. In this sense, there are several planned missions that have the same objectives among their scientific goals, like Kepler, CoRoT, GAIA, and PLATO.
Contemporary and historical impacts of megaherbivores on the population structure of tree euphorbias in South African subtropical thicket

African elephant and black rhinoceros – both megaherbivores – impact negatively on the abundance of succulent plants, including tree succulents, in South Africa’s subtropical thicket. We sampled 35 sites in subtropical thicket to assess historical and contemporary impacts of African elephant and black rhinoceros on the population structure of three species of succulent tree euphorbia. Population age structures were highly variable and showed no speciesspecific effects. Almost half the sites had growing populations dominated by young individuals. Sites having contemporary impacts had significantly fewer individuals in the 30–75 years age range, but this effect declined with increasing terrain slope. Eighty-one percent of sites assumed to have been impacted by megaherbivores historically had individuals that predated rhino and elephant extirpation in the region. This and other population age structure data indicate that megaherbivores and tree euphorbias coexisted historically on terrain of low relief. However, in areas not subject to contemporary impacts, euphorbia populations are likely to be much higher now than historically, owing to population relaxation after the extirpation of megaherbivores in the mid 1800s. Given the sensitivity of tree euphorbias to megaherbivore impacts, managers should consider monitoring the population structure of these species in order to identify thresholds of potential concern regarding megaherbivore impacts.
Continuous rainfall simulation: 1. A regionalized subdaily disaggregation approach

This paper is the first of two in the current issue that presents a framework for generating continuous (uninterrupted) rainfall sequences at both gaged and ungaged point locations. The ultimate objective is to present a methodology for stochastically generating continuous subdaily rainfall sequences at any location such that the statistics at a range of aggregation scales are preserved. This first paper presents a regionalized nonparametric daily disaggregation model in which, conditional on a daily rainfall amount and previous‐ and next‐day wetness states at the location of interest, subdaily fragments are resampled using continuous records at nearby locations. The second paper then focuses on a regionalized daily rainfall generation model.To enable the substitution of subdaily rainfall at nearby locations for subdaily rainfall at the location of interest, it is necessary to identify locations with “similar” daily to subdaily scaling characteristics. We use a two‐sample, two‐dimensional Kolmogorov‐Smirnov (K‐S) test to identify whether the daily to subdaily scaling relationships are statistically similar between all possible station pairs sampled from 232 gages located throughout Australia. This step is followed by a logistic regression to determine the influence of the covariates of latitude, longitude, elevation, and distance to the coast on the probability that the scaling at any two locations will be similar. The model is tested at five locations, where recorded subdaily data was available for comparison, and results indicate good model performance, particularly in preserving the probability distribution of extremes and the antecedent rainfall prior to the storm event.
ROLE OF HERBAL MEDICINES IN VITILIGO TREATMENT - CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Vitiligo is a depigmentation disorder with complex causes. Nonetheless, recent progress has been made to unravel the pathophysiology of vitiligo. In this review, we provide an overview of the currently known herbal medicine for vitiligo treatment and also highlighted the herbs that have been used in clinical trials. In view of traditional uses, herbs such as Ammi visnaga L. , Angelica sinensis, Eclipta alba L, Ginkgo biloba, Picrorhiza kurroa Royle Ex Benth, and Psoralea corylifolia L, have been highlighted. Enormous efforts in vitiligo drug discovery are currently needed. Interleukin-17 inhibition, tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition, heat shock protein-70i (HSP70i) inhibition, keratinocyte turnover modulators, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) modulators have been discussed as promising new targets for vitiligo drug development. Thus, we strongly believe that this review may be useful for rationalize new herbal drug for vitiligo treatment.
Interactive Rigid-Body Dynamics and Deformable Surface Simulations with Co-Located Maglev Haptic and 3D Graphic Display

—We have developed a system which can combine realtime dynamic simulations, 3D display, and magnetic levitation to provide high-ﬁdelity co-located haptic and graphic interaction. Haptic interaction is generated by a planar horizontal array of cylindrical coils which act in combination to produce arbitrary forces and torques in any direction on magnets ﬁxed to an instrument handle held by the user, according to the position and orientation sensed by a motion tracking sensor and the dynamics of a realtime physical simulation. Co-located graphics are provided by a thin ﬂat screen placed directly above the coil array so that the 3D display of virtual objects shares the same volume as the motion range of the handheld instrument. Shuttered glasses and a head tracking system are used to preserve the alignment of the displayed environment and the interaction handle according to the user’s head position. Basic interactive environments have been developed to demonstrate the system feasibility and operation, including rigid bodies with solid contacts, suspended mass-spring-damper assemblies, and deformable surfaces. Interactive physical simulation of these environments requires real-time collision detection between geometric models; numerical, discrete-time numerical integration to calculate the physics of networks of mass, spring, and damper elements; and calculation and actuation of interactive forces to the user in haptic rendering. Incorporating these functions into a single executable requires multiple program threads with various update rates, ideally performed using a multicore processor PC. Details and discussion of various simulations are given with experimental results
Fabrication Of HTC Plant For Carbonisation Of Municipal Solid Waste

Hydrothermal carbonization is an exothermal process that lowers both the oxygen and hydrogen content of the feed by dehydration and decarboxylation. This is achieved by applying temperatures of 160–200 o C in a suspension of biomass in water at saturated pressure for several hours. The objectives of the study were to carbonize the MSW by the way of hydrothermal treatment process and produce a solid coal like product for application of energetic purposes. For carrying the carbonization experiment, the prototype HTC reactor has been fabricated. Organic fractions of MSW collected were characterized. From the results, it was found that carbon content, energy potential can be increased by the treatment of hydrothermal carbonization in achieving carbonization of the MSW.
Title A Modified Differential Evolution with Heuristics Algorithm for Non-convex Optimization on Sensor Network Localization

Sensor network localization based on connectivity can be modeled as a nonconvex optimization problem. However, current models only consider the convex constraints, i.e., connections among the nodes. The proposed method considers not only the connection constraints but the disconnection constraints, which are nonconvex in nature, as well. It is argued that the connectivity-based localization problem should be represented as an optimization problem with both convex and nonconvex constraints. In this paper, an algorithm combining a modified differential evolution (DE) algorithm and heuristics is presented for the situation in which the communication range value is unknown. The developed algorithm has a new crossover procedure, with refined procedures to produce a new generation of individuals/candidates. A “single node treatment” procedure is also designed for the search procedure to formulate a new set of coordinate locations to jump out from the local minimum. The final solution can reach the most suitable configuration of the unknown nodes (nodes without knowing their location) because all the information on the constraints has been used. Simulation results have shown that better solutions can be obtained when compared with other convex-constraint methods. The proposed method also gets better results than other general nonconvex optimization methods.
Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors on Toll-Like- Receptors Expression Profiles

Toll-like receptors (TLR) signal activation and expressions have been associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Changes of TLR expressions after antidepressants treatment were reported in our previous work. However, the effects of antidepressants on TLR expressions were limited to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and imipramine. This study aimed to investigate the differences of TLR expression profiles between patients treated with SSRI and those treated with serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). 68 patients (15 males and 53 females) with MDD before and after treatment with SSRI or SNRI were recruited. HAMD-17 was used to assess the severity of MDD. The mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and TLR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were examined in parallel with a housekeeping gene, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IL-6 and TLR 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 9 mRNA expressions decreased after SSRI treatment. However, only TLR 2, 5 and 6 mRNA expressions decreased after SNRI treatment. These findings suggest that the SSRI and SNRI have different effects on changing TLR expression profiles.
Post-surgical Gangrene with Pseudomonas luteola Resulting in Limb Amputation: A Case Review

Pseudomonas luteola is a rare infective agent with a variable resistance-sensitivity panel. Clinical suspicion and appropriate empiric treatment is necessary for resolution of such infections. We report a case of post-surgical gangrene as a result of Pseudomonas luteola culminating in limb amputation.
The performance implications of strategic capital for public leisure providers

Strategic capital has emerged as a key source of competitive heterogeneity in the private sector. Despite this, little is known about the performance implications of strategic capital in public organisations. Adopting a resource-advantage perspective, we examine the performance implications of strategic capital for public leisure providers. Analysing data generated from public leisure providers, we find that effective strategy implementation enables leisure providers to exploit comparative advantages, which is itself a source of sustained advantage. Furthermore, high performers are endowed with significantly greater levels of strategic capital – which include ‘strategy commitment’, ‘implementation support’, ‘implementation effectiveness’, and ‘learning’ – in contrast with low performers. Important differences between internal and external approaches to provision are also identified and discussed, along with the implications of this study for researchers and public policy.
Climate change and future scenarios for palisade grass production in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

The objective of this work was to analyze future scenarios for palisade grass yield subjected to climate change for the state of São Paulo, Brazil. An empirical crop model was used to estimate yields, according to growing degree‐days adjusted by one drought attenuation factor. Climate data from 1963 to 2009 of 23 meteorological stations were used for current climate conditions. Downscaled outputs of two general circulation models were used to project future climate for the 2013–2040 and 2043–2070 periods, considering two contrasting scenarios of temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration increase (high and low). Annual dry matter yield should be from 14 to 42% higher than the current one, depending on the evaluated scenario. Yield variation between seasons (seasonality) and years is expected to increase. The increase of dry matter accumulation will be higher in the rainy season than in the dry season, and this result is more evident for soils with low‐water storage capacity. The results varied significantly between regions (<10% to >60%). Despite their higher climate potential, warmer regions will probably have a lower increase in future forage production.
Do Chinese SOEs and private companies differ in their foreign location strategies

We empirically analyze the host-country determinants of Chinese outbound foreign direct investments (ODI) in the period from 2003 to 2008, using disaggregated data by country and sector and distinguishing between State-owned enterprises (SOEs) and privately owned firms. Our results show that the pattern of Chinese ODI differs according to corporate ownership. Private firms are attracted by large markets and host-country strategic assets and are averse to economic and political risks when choosing investment locations abroad. Differently, state-owned enterprises follow the strategic needs of their home country and invest more in natural resource sectors, being largely indifferent to the political and economic conditions in the host countries.
Improved gradient-based algorithm for solving aeroassisted vehicle trajectory optimization problems

The Space Maneuver Vehicles (SMV) [1, 2] will play an increasingly important role in the future exploration of space, since their on-orbit maneuverability can greatly increase the operational flexibility and are more difficult as a target to be tracked and intercepted. Therefore, a well-designed trajectory, particularly in skip entry phase, is a key for stable flight and for improved guidance control of the vehicle [3, 4]. Trajectory design for space vehicles can be treated as an optimal control problem. Due to the high nonlinear characteristics and strict path constraints of the problem, direct methods are usually applied to calculate the optimal trajectories, such as direct multiple shooting method [5], direct collocation method [5, 6], or hp-adaptive pseudospectral method [7, 8]. Nevertheless, all the direct methods aim to transcribe the continuous-time optimal control problems to a Nonlinear Programming Problem (NLP). The resulting NLP can be solved numerically by well-developed algorithms such as Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) and Interior Point method (IP) [9, 10]. SQP methods are used successfully for the solution of large scale NLPs. Each Newton iteration of the SQP requires the solution of a quadratic programming subproblem
EVALUATION OF THAI STYLE STRETCHING EXERCISE ON âRUESI DUD TONâ ON PHYSICAL HEALTH AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEER

Despite the health benefit reputation of Thai stretching exercise "Ruesi dud ton", no scientific evidence is available. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of Thai style stretching exercise on physical health and oxidative stress markers including Malondialdegyde (MDA) level and the activities of main scavenger enzymes including Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px). We had determined the effect of 2-month Ruesi dud ton exercise on physical health of healthy volunteer using battery test comprising of zig zag running, hand grip strength, 1 min abdominal curl up, 30 sec. push up and sit and reach tests. In addition, the body composition, BMI, skinfold thickness and the alteration of oxidative stress markers including the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px enzymes and the level of MDA in serum were also evaluated every month throughout the experimental period and at 1 month after the cessation of exercise. Our data showed the enhanced capacity of zig zag running test in male practitioner more than female practitioner. We also found the elevation of scavenger enzymes such as SOD and GSH-Px and the reduction of MDA in female practitioner while the elevation of GSH-Px activity was the only parameter observed in male practitioner. Therefore, our results suggested that Thai style stretching exercise or Ruesi dud ton could enhance agility in male practitioner and improved oxidative stress homeostasis in female practitioner. Thai style stretching exercise can be implemented to the training program of male athletes. Moreover, it can also be implemented to improve oxidative stress in female who exposed to various risks of health disorders related to oxidative stress. However, further researches are still essential.
TOWARDS A NOVEL DESIGN OF CREATIVE SYSTEMS

The topic of the presented investigation is the automation of creative processes via one Synthetic Mata Method (SMM) and few analytic methods considered in the paper and used under SMM control. The prevention of contemporary web threats is discussed at an agent/application level. Advantages and disadvantages of synthetic data mining methods are investigated, and obstacles are revealed to their application in contemporary systems. Novel results for juxtaposing statistical vs. logical data mining methods aiming at possible evolutionary fusions are described. Recommendations are made on how to build more effective applications of classical and/or presented novel (meta) methods: SMM, KALEIDOSCOPE, FUNNEL, PUZZLE, and CONTRADICTION. The usage of ontologies is investigated with the purpose of information transfer by sense. Practical aspects of agent applications, intrusion detection, intrusion prevention, cryptography applications, multiple software and other research results are mentioned aiming to show that intelligent and classical technologies should be carefully combined in one software/hardware complex to achieve the creative goals. It is shown that all the demonstrated advantages may be combined with other known methods and technologies.
Modeling of Carrot Firmness Based on Water Content and Total Soluble Solids

2 Abstract: Carrot firmness (FIR) is often determined using difficult and time consuming Laboratory tests, but it may be more appropriate and economical to develop a method which uses easily available and known quality characteristics of carrot such as water content (WC) and total soluble solids (TSS). In this study, a typical two variables linear regression model for predicting FIR of Nantes carrot based on WC and TSS of carrot was suggested. The statistical results of the study indicated that in order to predict carrot FIR based on WC and TSS of carrot the two variables linear regression model FIR = -2805.8 + 64.9 WC + 36.4 TSS with R = 0.84 can 2 be strongly recommended.
Olea europaea Linn (Oleaceae ) Fruit Pulp Extract Exhibits Potent Antioxidant Activity and Attenuates Neuroinflammatory Responses in Lipopolysaccharide- Stimulated Microglial Cells

Purpose: To investigate the antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory potentials of Olea europaea Linn. fruit pulp (OFP-EA) extract in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Methods: Cell viabilities were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to stimulate BV-2 microglia. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured using Griess assay. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. Results: OFP-EA extract significantly (p<0.001 at 20-200 µg/ml, respectively) scavenged the free radicals in a dose-dependent fashion. The increased levels of No stimulated by LPS (34±2.41) were also inhibited by OFP-EA extract significantly and concentration dependently (27±2.32, 21±2.54, 17±1.92 and 11±1.94 at 10, 20, 40 and 80 µg/ml, respectively). Further, OFP-EA suppressed the elevated levels iNOS expression and TNF-α production (p<0.001 at 20, 40 and 80 µg/ml) in LPSstimulated BV-2 cells. Conclusion: Results indicate that OFP-EA extract exhibited strong antioxidant properties and inhibited the excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, iNOS and TNF-α in LPSstimulated BV-2 cells. The antioxidant activity exhibited by OFP-EA extract might play a critical role in ameliorating the inflammatory processes in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells.
Design and Implementation of Integrated Instruction of Mathematics and Science in Korea.

Students can learn subjects more meaningfully through integrated education, as it helps them to link school education with their real lives. There is a strong need to develop an alternative integration method to promote effective implementation of integrated education at a classroom level. The purpose of this study was to develop a model for instructional design for the integration of mathematics and science, and to design and implement instructions using the developed model. The implications of applying the model to lower grade students in Korea were also discussed.