Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 55 nm triple gate oxide 9 metal layers SiGe BiCMOS technology featuring 320 GHz fT / 370 GHz fMAX HBT and high-Q millimeter-wave passives

This paper presents the first 55 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology developed on a 300 mm wafer line in STMicroelectronics. The technology features Low Power (LP) and General Purpose (GP) CMOS devices and 0.45 μm<sup>2</sup> 6T-SRAM bit cell. High Speed (HS) HBT exhibits 320 GHz f<sub>T</sub> and 370 GHz f<sub>MAX</sub> associated with a CML ring oscillator gate delay τ<sub>D</sub> of 2.34 ps. Transmission lines, capacitors, high-Q varactors and inductors dedicated to millimeter-wave applications are also available.
The Extended BG-Simulation

The BG-simulation is currently the main tool, short of arguing directly about topology, to show the impossibility of r/w protocol to solve a task T (res) on n processors, t-resiliently. It is done by reducing T (res) from a counterpart task T (wf) on t + 1 processors and showing that T (wf) is not wait-free solvable. The task T (wf) derived from T (res), is driven by the capability of the BG-simulation. Yet, the task T (wf) proved meaningful only when derived from a task T (res) which was “colorless” essentially a decision task in which any processor may adopt the output of any other processor as it own. It lacked, when a terminating simulator cannot easily adopt any simulated output for itself. In this paper we extend the capability of the BG-simulation to this case. As a result, the definition of T (wf) as derived from T (res) becomes tighter, i.e. the new task is a subtask of the previous one. This makes for a T (wf) that is of higher-level and therefore a better tool. We demonstrate the convenience that the Extended BG-simulation provides, in two ways. First, we prove a new impossibility result: we show that n processes cannot solve t-resilient weak renaming with n+ (t+ 1)− 2 names, where n > 1 and 0 < t < n. Second, we show that the solvability n-processors tasks, t-resiliently, for t > 1 and n > 2, is undecidable by a simple reduction to the undecidability of the solvability of 3-processors tasks, wait-free.
A Serine/Threonine Phosphorylation Site in the Ectodomain of a T Cell Receptor β Chain is Required for Activation by Superantigen

Abstract The presence of consensus phosphorylation sites in the ectodomains of cell surface proteins suggests that such post‐translational modification may be important in regulation of surface receptor activity. To date, the only cell surface receptor for which such ectodomain phosphorylation has been conclusively demonstrated is the clonally expressed T cell antigen receptor (TCR). Attempts to conclusively identify individual phosphorylated residues in TCR α and β chains and determine their functional significance by biochemical approaches failed due to insufficient quantities of purified molecules. Here we present the results of an alternative approach where survey of phosphorylation sites in the TCR α and β chains was accomplished using site‐directed mutagenesis and retroviral vector expression, as well as in vitro phosphorylation of synthetic peptide substrates. All mutants studied directed the cell surface expression of normal amounts of TCR, and all transfectants could be stimulated to produce IL‐2 in response to substrate‐immobilized antibody to TCR. However, mutation of serine‐88 in the protein kinase A phosphorylation site of the TCR β chain resulted in a complete lack of response to the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). In addition, this mutation abolished TCR‐associated tyrosine phosphorylation, consistent with the impairment of cell signaling. Reversion of the serine‐88/alanine mutation with phosphorylatable threonine completely restored the SEB recognition by TCR. These results, interpreted in the context of the known three‐dimensional structure of the complex of SEB and TCR, are consistent with the view that serine‐88 is important for the contact of the TCR β chain with SEB.
Expression of CD154 on renal cell carcinomas and effect on cell proliferation, motility and platelet‐activating factor synthesis

CD40 activation by CD154 may trigger diverse cellular responses, ranging from proliferation and differentiation to growth suppression and cell death, in normal and malignant cells. However, the pathophysiologic role of CD154 expressed by tumor cells remains unclear. We have investigated the expression of the CD40–CD154 system in 24 primary cultures derived from renal cell carcinomas, its correlation with tumor stage and its potential functional significance. We found coexpression of CD40 and CD154 in most of the renal carcinoma cell lines. CD154, but not CD40 expression, significantly correlated with tumor stage. Moreover, renal carcinoma cell lines also released the soluble form of CD154 into the supernatant. CD40 engagement by CD154 did not affect apoptosis or survival. On the contrary, CD154 stimulated cell proliferation, motility and production of PAF, a phospholipid mediator of inflammation with angiogenic properties. Furthermore, the renal carcinoma cell lines expressed PAF‐R. Blockade of PAF‐R by WEB‐2170, a PAF‐R antagonist, abolished the CD154‐dependent motility, indicating a role for PAF synthesized after CD154 stimulation in renal carcinoma cell motility. In conclusion, this study identifies new functional properties for CD154, which are potentially relevant for the growth and dissemination of renal carcinoma cells. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Instantaneous frequency regulation of microgrids via power shedding of smart load and power limiting of renewable generation

In this paper, a collaborative control scheme is proposed to improve the stability of the microgrid with intermittent renewable energy sources. Different from other cooperative control schemes targeting mostly on regulating the generation side, the proposed operating scheme utilizes all controllable resources in the microgrid, including renewable energy sources (RESs), storage devices, and controllable loads. A modified maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme is proposed for RESs in limiting its power output when frequency surges over its upper limit. The adaptive/smart load enabled by the electric spring (ES) reduces the power demand when the frequency falls below the lower limit. Both operating schemes for RES and adaptive/smart load can be activated when the storage system fails to respond to disturbances. The proposed collaborative scheme can be enacted in an instantaneous manner and is easy to implement by simply modifying the control of RES and adaptive/smart load. Simulation results have confirmed that the proposed scheme is efficient in reducing the frequency oscillation in a microgrid.
Candle Shadow Display for Ambient Communication Delivery

Candles are widely used in the home environment to create an intimate atmosphere, and they are often lit when thinking of a loved one. We took this as inspiration to create a natural candle based display for emotional communication. We demonstrate a display created by the shadows cast by a candle, which is placed on motorized candle stand. When the user receives a text message containing an emoticon, the candle stand rotates so that a corresponding shadow image is produced. The demonstration utilizes an Android based app which connects via Bluetooth to the candle stand, and employs a vocabulary of four emoticons and a question mark.
Free energy calculation on base specificity of drug – DNA interactions: Application to daunomycin and acridine intercalation into DNA

We present the results of free energy perturbation/molecular dynamics studies on B‐DNA · daunomycin and B‐DNA · 9‐aminoacridine complexes as well as on B‐DNA itself in order to calculate the free energy differences between complexes having different base pair sequences. The results generally reproduce the trends observed experimentally, i.e., preferences of acridine and daunomycin to bind to a specific base sequence in the DNA. This is encouraging, given the simplicity of the molecular mechanical/dynamical model in which solvent is not explicitly included.
Functional neuroimaging of normal human sleep by positron emission tomography

Functional neuroimaging using positron emission tomography has recently yielded original data on the functional neuroanatomy of human sleep. This paper attempts to describe the possibilities and limitations of the technique and clarify its usefulness in sleep research. A short overview of the methods of acquisition and statistical analysis (statistical parametric mapping, SPM) is presented before the results of PET sleep studies are reviewed. The discussion attempts to integrate the functional neuroimaging data into the body of knowledge already acquired on sleep in animals and humans using various other techniques (intracellular recordings, in situ neurophysiology, lesional and pharmacological trials, scalp EEG recordings, behavioural or psychological description). The published PET data describe a very reproducible functional neuroanatomy in sleep. The core characteristics of this ‘canonical’ sleep may be summarized as follows. In slow‐wave sleep, most deactivated areas are located in the dorsal pons and mesencephalon, cerebellum, thalami, basal ganglia, basal forebrain/hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and in the mesial aspect of the temporal lobe. During rapid‐eye movement sleep, significant activations were found in the pontine tegmentum, thalamic nuclei, limbic areas (amygdaloid complexes, hippocampal formation, anterior cingulate cortex) and in the posterior cortices (temporo‐occipital areas). In contrast, the dorso‐lateral prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, as well as the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, were the least active brain regions. These preliminary studies open up a whole field in sleep research. More detailed explorations of sleep in humans are now accessible to experimental challenges using PET and other neuroimaging techniques. These new methods will contribute to a better understanding of sleep functions.
Modelling Seasonal GWR of Daily PM2.5 with Proper Auxiliary Variables for the Yangtze River Delta

Over the past decades, regional haze episodes have frequently occurred in eastern China, especially in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). Satellite derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) has been used to retrieve the spatial coverage of PM2.5 concentrations. To improve the retrieval accuracy of the daily AOD-PM2.5 model, various auxiliary variables like meteorological or geographical factors have been adopted into the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model. However, these variables are always arbitrarily selected without deep consideration of their potentially varying temporal or spatial contributions in the model performance. In this manuscript, we put forward an automatic procedure to select proper auxiliary variables from meteorological and geographical factors and obtain their optimal combinations to construct four seasonal GWR models. We employ two different schemes to comprehensively test the performance of our proposed GWR models: (1) comparison with other regular GWR models by varying the number of auxiliary variables; and (2) comparison with observed ground-level PM2.5 concentrations. The result shows that our GWR models of “AOD + 3” with three common meteorological variables generally perform better than all the other GWR models involved. Our models also show powerful prediction capabilities in PM2.5 concentrations with only slight overfitting. The determination coefficients R2 of our seasonal models are 0.8259 in spring, 0.7818 in summer, 0.8407 in autumn, and 0.7689 in winter. Also, the seasonal models in summer and autumn behave better than those in spring and winter. The comparison between seasonal and yearly models further validates the specific seasonal pattern of auxiliary variables of the GWR model in the YRD. We also stress the importance of key variables and propose a selection process in the AOD-PM2.5 model. Our work validates the significance of proper auxiliary variables in modelling the AOD-PM2.5 relationships and provides a good alternative in retrieving daily PM2.5 concentrations from remote sensing images in the YRD.
X‐ray structure of human gankyrin, the product of a gene linked to hepatocellular carcinoma

Babu A. Manjasetty,,* Claudia Quedenau, Volker Sievert, Konrad Büssow, Frank Niesen, Heinrich Delbrück, and Udo Heinemann Protein Structure Factory, c/o BESSY GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany Forschungsgruppe Kristallographie, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, 13092 Berlin, Germany Protein Structure Factory, 14059 Berlin, Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik, 14195 Berlin, Germany Universitätsklinikum Charité, Institut für Medizinische Physik and Biophysik, 10096 Berlin, Germany Institut für Chemie/Kristallographie, Freie Universität, 14195 Berlin, Germany
Incentive Systems That Support Sustainability: A First Nations Example

Prior to contact with European settlers, the incentive and governance systems used by First Nations peoples of the Northwest coast of North America provided more sustainable use of the fisheries and other resources of that region than did subsequent systems. This paper explores the major reason for that success: the requirements of the potlatch system that chiefs share their income with each other. Because chiefs controlled well−defined territories and subjected each other to review, the potlatch governance system embodied the characteristics of negative feedback, coordination, resiliency, and robustness that political scientist John Dryzek identifies as means to support ecological rationality in the management of ecosystems. This ecological rationality occurs because the sharing of income made chiefs aware of the effects that their actions had on the income of other chiefs. In addition, public discussions that occurred at feasts would allow chiefs to coordinate their actions as needed. The paper concludes with proposals for application of the potlatch system to modern circumstances. Such application means changing the rules for the distribution of income from using ecosystem resources so that all entities share their surplus income with each other. The potlatch system can be applied to modern organizations by noting that chief executive officers are like chiefs, that profit is like surplus income, and that corporations can be viewed as similar to the houses of the traditional Northwest systems. One major change is that profit is no longer privately owned, and must be shared with other organizations that use an ecosystem. Although controls on behavior mandated by state power would be reduced, a modernized potlatch system would still need to operate within a context provided by governments and international agreements.
Regulation of expression and nucleotide sequence of the Anabaena variabilis recA gene

The expression of the cyanobacterial recA gene, isolated from Anabaena variabilis, has been examined at the levels of transcript and protein abundance. Exposure of the cyanobacterium to a variety of DNA-damaging agents, including mitomycin C, methyl methanesulfonate, and UV irradiation, results in a rapid increase in the abundance of the recA transcript above basal levels as determined by Northern (RNA) blot analysis. A concomitant increase in the abundance of a 37- to 38-kilodalton polypeptide was also detected by Western (immuno-) blot analysis of soluble cyanobacterial polypeptides using polyclonal antiserum directed against the Escherichia coli recA protein. The cyanobacterial polypeptide is of the same molecular mass as that synthesized by an in vitro, DNA-directed procaryotic transcription-translation system primed with an A. variabilis genomic fragment containing the recA gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cyanobacterial gene revealed a protein of 358 amino acids with a molecular weight of 38,403 daltons. The A. variabilis and E. coli recA genes share similarity at 58% of the amino acid residues; however, an E. coli-like lexA repressor-binding site is not present in the A. variabilis promoter region. The similarities of A. variabilis and E. coli recA expression and gene sequence are discussed.
Cot-based cloning and sequencing of the short arm of wheat chromosome 1B

Sequencing of cereal genomes is not a feasible task due to their large size and high content of repetitive DNA sequences. There are two basic approaches to simplify analysis of such genomes: reduced representation approaches, such as EST sequencing, methyl filtration and Cot-based cloning and sequencing; on the other side there is analysis of genomes in a step-wise manner, e.g. through creation of chromosome-specific genomic resources. Combination of both approaches – i.e. Cot-based cloning and sequencing of DNA obtained from a chromosome-arm-specific BAC library – was tested in this work.
Audit-log integrity using redactable signatures with pseudonyms

In this paper we describe a new approach for the integrity of audit records. We show how to simultaneously establish the integrity of an entire audit data set and of any derived subsets, adapting techniques that have been used before for redactable signatures. In addition, our algorithms allow for the pseudonymization of data fields, cryptographically enforcing the consistency of chosen pseudonyms. The resulting schemes do not add significant computational overhead to a practical system, and are shown to be secure under reasonable cryptographic assumptions. We believe these algorithms can be a helpful tool to meet audit and reporting needs, in order to comply with such regulations as the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). The algorithms enable proofs of the integrity of audit data and derived reports, while simultaneously providing means to protect privacy-sensitive information against internal and external consumers of these reports.
A new compact set of biomarkers for distinguishing among ten breast cancer subtypes

World-wide, one in nine women are diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime and breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women. Accurate diagnosis of the specific subtypes of this disease is vital to ensure that the patients will have the best possible response to therapy. Using the newly proposed ten subtypes of breast cancer we hypothesized that machine learning techniques would offer many benefits for selecting the most informative biomarkers. Unlike existing gene selection approaches, we use a hierarchical classification approach that selects genes and builds the classifier concurrently. Our results support that this modified approach to gene selection yields a small subset of 82 genes that can predict each of these ten subtypes with accuracies ranging from 92% to 99%.
Statistical Models for Predicting Automobile Driving Postures for Men and Women Including Effects of Age

Background: Previously published statistical models of driving posture have been effective for vehicle design but have not taken into account the effects of age. Objective: The present study developed new statistical models for predicting driving posture. Methods: Driving postures of 90 U.S. drivers with a wide range of age and body size were measured in laboratory mockup in nine package conditions. Posture-prediction models for female and male drivers were separately developed by employing a stepwise regression technique using age, body dimensions, vehicle package conditions, and two-way interactions, among other variables. Results: Driving posture was significantly associated with age, and the effects of other variables depended on age. A set of posture-prediction models is presented for women and men. The results are compared with a previously developed model. Conclusion: The present study is the first study of driver posture to include a large cohort of older drivers and the first to report a significant effect of age. Application: The posture-prediction models can be used to position computational human models or crash-test dummies for vehicle design and assessment.
Extension Malunion of the Femoral Component After Retrograde Nailing: No Sequelae at 6 Years

Objectives: Supracondylar femoral fracture is a complex complication after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). One potential complication of retrograde locked nailing is malunion in extension of the femoral prosthetic component—produced by an overly posterior nail entry point in the intercondylar notch. The aim of this study was to determine the repercussion of this deformity on the midterm radiological and functional outcomes of TKA. Design: Retrospective review. Methods: From 2001 to 2006, 30 patients were treated for supracondylar femoral fracture above TKA with a retrograde locked nail. In 7 patients (6 women and 1 man) with a mean age of 78.8 years (range, 74–84 years), more than 10 degrees of hyperextension (mean of 18.5 degrees) of the femoral component on the sagittal plane was observed without any significant misalignment on the coronal plane. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Knee Society Score. Results: After a mean follow-up of 68.5 months (range, 48–111 months), all patients' fractures with a hyperextension of the femoral component had consolidated with no clinical or radiological signs of TKA loosening. These patients presented “good” functional outcomes at final follow-up. Conclusions: These results should be interpreted with caution. However, isolated hyperextension of the femoral component of a TKA after placing a retrograde nail for a periprosthetic fracture does not seem to significantly affect the functional or radiological outcomes at ∼6-years follow-up. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Src-family-tyrosine kinase Lyn is critical for TLR2-mediated NF-κB activation through the PI 3-kinase signaling pathway

TLR2 has a prominent role in host defense against a wide variety of pathogens. Stimulation of TLR2 triggers MyD88-dependent signaling to induce NF-κB translocation, and activates a Rac1-PI 3-kinase dependent pathway that leads to transactivation of NF-κB through phosphorylation of the P65 NF-κB subunit. This transactivation pathway involves tyrosine phosphorylations. The role of the tyrosine kinases in TLR signaling is controversial, with discrepancies between studies using only chemical inhibitors and knockout mice. Here, we show the involvement of the tyrosine-kinase Lyn in TLR2-dependent activation of NF-κB in human cellular models, by using complementary inhibition strategies. Stimulation of TLR2 induces the formation of an activation cluster involving TLR2, CD14, PI 3-kinase and Lyn, and leads to the activation of AKT. Lyn-dependent phosphorylation of the p110 catalytic subunit of PI 3-kinase is essential to the control of PI 3-kinase biological activity upstream of AKT and thereby to the transactivation of NF-κB. Thus, Lyn kinase activity is crucial in TLR2-mediated activation of the innate immune response in human mononuclear cells.