Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Skills and Trust: A Tour Inside the Hard Drives of Computer Hackers

Stories of the exploits of computer hackers who have broken into supposedly secure government and corporate information systems appear almost daily on the front pages of newspapers and technology websites, yet we know very little about the individuals behind these headlines. Most media accounts and academic studies on hackers suffer from a number of biases that this research attempts to overcome. A case study based on the seized communication logs of ten confirmed co-offenders is used to expand our knowledge of the social norms and practices that govern interactions between malicious hackers. After presenting the data and how the material became available to the author, the remaining sections focus on the two variables that define this criminal network’s performance: skills and trust. The skills under consideration are the three different sets of cognitive and practical abilities that malicious hackers need in order to succeed financially. Monetization and social skills, in addition to technical skills, play key roles in profit-oriented malicious hacking and explain why earning a decent living in the computer underground remains a laborious endeavour, even for advanced hackers. Trust, which facilitates the diffusion of technical, monetization, and social skills and fosters collaboration, was found to be much lower in this network than is generally assumed in the literature. The need for monetization and social skills as well as the lack of trust between members may partly explain why hacker networks are so ephemeral and vulnerable to law enforcement disruption.
Fully Unsupervised Person Re-Identification via Multiple Pseudo Labels Joint Training

Person re-identification (re-ID) is the task of finding the matched person in a non-overlapping and multi-camera system. Because annotating images across multiple cameras is difficult and time-consuming, this paper focuses on fully unsupervised learning person re-ID that can learn person re-ID on unlabeled data. The unsupervised re-ID needs to self-generate pseudo labels to make training possible. Unlike human-annotated true labels, the pseudo labels contain noise labels which substantially hinder the network’s capability on feature learning. In order to refine the predicted pseudo labels, we introduce a novel unsupervised re-ID method named Multiple pseudo Labels Joint Training (MLJT) in this paper. Different from the existing works, the MLJT predicts multiple pseudo labels for each image by mining potential similarities in multiple ways. Based on invariance constraints among multiple pseudo labels, the MLJT is jointly optimized under the supervision of multiple pseudo labels to ease the impact of noises in the single pseudo label. The proposed MLJT predicts three types of pseudo labels for one input image. The first one is the clustering-based pseudo label. The second one is adaptive similarity measurement-based pseudo label. The third one is pseudo sub-labels which are predicted by mining channel-based self-similarities. The proposed MLJT has been extensively evaluated on two mainstream and public person re-ID datasets and outdoor real-world videos. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multiple pseudo labels joint training strategy and the practicality of the proposed MLJT in real-world unsupervised person re-ID applications. The testing demo can be found at https://drive.google. com/drive/folders/1RvNaEiy6tF18_RcgTNcjE7jJ6eGy8sZL? usp=sharing.
Making sense of emergent properties in IT enabled call centre operations: An interpretative systems analysis approach.

A major focus of contemporary IS research is the emergent nature of organisational use of information technologies: its contextual, evolutionary, often unanticipated character. Most studies have approached this topic from the viewpoint of emergence in IT based practices as a process, led by social actors. However, the investigation of emergence as a property has been neglected. The systems thinking approach is particularly concerned with emergent properties, but has hitherto been poorly developed for the socio-technical analysis of IT use. In redress, this research presents a new framework of interpretive systems thinking for performing such analysis. This framework permits a researcher or organisational analyst to form an understanding of emergent phenomena in IT based operations as constituted by the interaction of various elements or factors in relations of contrariety, contradiction or association. The emergent nature of an organisation's activities may consequently be illuminated in terms of principle tensions or contradictions, that shape its trajectory of transformation, or form a persistent pattern in its functioning. This method of analysis is applied to two case studies of IT based call centre operations. The case analyses demonstrate the utility of this inter-relational, integrative framework. It supports supra-individual analysis of the shaping of significance concerning IT based activities. The emergent dynamics of integration and transformation related to the use of IT capacities in call centre activities are revealed in multi-faceted, contextually specific forms, that transcend simple binary alternatives in the appraisal of IT usage (e.g. IT is rigid or flexible). The framework's main benefit is its ability to highlight contradictions that are easy to miss, or difficult to pinpoint, in IT enabled work practices. This study's third-person, property-focussed account of emergence in IT based operations provides a different but complementary emphasis to the micro agency-centred model of emergence that has dominated recent IS studies.
Study on the Financial Audit Risk Prevention Based on Data Mining Technology

Along with the development of the modern economy, the financial industry is becoming more and more important. However, the global economy has begun to decline after the financial crisis occurred, so that the financial industry is seriously hit, the financial audit risks are greatly increased, and also the security problems of financial audit have gradually become the focus in the eyes of people. In this paper, the risks in the current financial audit and the necessary measures of preventing these risks through data mining technology are analyzed in depth from the perspective of data mining technology as advanced audit technology.
Profitability and economic efficiency of groundnut production in Benue state, Nigeria

There has been a remarkable reduction in the contribution of groundnut to Nigeria’s foreign exchange earnings since the discovery of petroleum resources. There is need to re -position this valuable crop to assume its rightful position in the nation’s economy. Thus, this study assessed the profitability of groundnut production and level of technical and allocative efficiencies of the farmers using Benue State as a case study. Multi -stage sampling technique, which involves purposive selection of two Local Government Areas (Makurdi and Ogbadigbo) and subsequent random selection of groundnut farmers from the selected three communities was adopted in collecting cross -sectional data from 270 groundnut farmers using structured questionnaire and oral interview. Descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis and Stochastic Frontier Model were used to analyse the data. The study found that the mean gross margin per hectare of groundnut was N 1,897.86 per month while the profitability test shows that it is profitable (t= 6.87; P ≤ 0.01). However, the key variables that influence profitability are hired labour, cost of seed, agrochemical and cost of fertilizer. Meanwhile, the mean technical efficiency estimate of groundnut farmers in the study area was found to be as low as 4%. This could be attributed to high demand for labour, land and agrochemicals which are the critical factors that play a significant role in groundnut production. The socio- economic factors that affect groundnut production in the study area include farmers’ age, household size and annual income. Similarly, an average farmer spent about 28% above the minimum frontier cost. Furthermore, the elasticity of cost of production with respect to cost of hired labour and cost of seed was found to be relatively high indicating their importance in groundnut production. More land should be put into groundnut production and farmers should be given essential agricultural inputs that will enhance the productivity of this cash crop. The study further recommends the development and dissemination of simple machines that can facilitate the stages involved in the production of groundnut.
STRUCTURAL SOCIAL CAPITAL OF PARENTS HAVING PERSONS WITH DISABILITY IN CHANDIGARH

Structural social capital is understood as maintenance of connections, immense trust, following of certain rules and fulfilling certain commitments. It is pertinent to improve quality of life. The present research aimed to study the structural social capital of parents having persons with disability living in Chandigarh. The descriptive survey method with convenient sampling technique was employed. Twenty-five parents of persons with disability (N=25) having age group 20 to 55 years were in the sample. The questionnaire comprised of six statements and each statement had sub-items with the options of yes and no. Results showed that parents having persons with disabilities hadgood network ties with relatives, neighbours and friends but a few parents having persons with disabilities did not have good bondings. Besides, majority did not participate in the activities such as social and cultural clubs, religious organisation, government schemes, local community function and political organisation.The authors recommend that support from government, non-government organisation and community to provide financial, moral and psychologicalhelp to families of PWD is important for healthy development of all individuals of society.
MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN BY THE DOPPLER ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUE

Simultaneous determination of arterial pressures by the Doppler ultrasonic technique and intra-arterial measurements were done on 13 children during cardiac catheterization at the St. Louis Children's Hospital. Their ages ranged from 4 weeks to 14 years. Sixty-nine paired determinations were obtained. There was good correlation between the two methods for systolic pressures ranging from 70 to 150 mm Hg (correlation coefficient 0.945) as well as for the diastolic pressures which ranged from 36 to 73 mm Hg (correlation coefficient 0.754). The instrumentation is not elaborate; the method is simple and can be used by a physician, nurse, or nurse's aide for routine blood pressure determination in infants and children.
Development of Reconfigurable Rehabilitation Robot for Post-stroke Forearm and Wrist Training

Rehabilitation robots are gradually becoming popular for stroke rehabilitation to improve motor recovery, as robotic technology can assist, enhance, and further quantify rehabilitation training for stroke patients. However, most of the available rehabilitation robots are complex and involve multiple Degrees-Of-Freedoms (DOFs) causing it to be very expensive and huge in size. Rehabilitation robot needed to be useful but also should be cost-effective to be able to use in current rehabilitation process. This paper present the design of reconfigurable rehabilitation robot that able to adopt different training movement by changing the configuration of the device. The developed robotic system able to perform training for wrist, forearm and other functional rehabilitation training by using suitable modular units. Preliminary study with three stroke subject were presented to evaluate the functionality in different training modes for forearm and wrist rehabilitation training.
A process-induced-frequency-drift resilient 32 kHz MEMS resonator

This paper applies a frequency-drift resilient method for a 32 768 Hz lateral capacitive microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonator design to make its resonant frequency insensitive to process-induced variation. The basic idea of the method is to synthesize the design of the supported springs and the releasing holes in the proof mass so that process-induced effective spring constant variation is approximately balanced by effective mass variation, and thus to keep their ratio and determined resonant frequency approximately unchanged. The 32 768 Hz MEMS resonator has been fabricated based on 30 µm silicon-on-insulator wafer for real-time clock application. The related testing results of more than 100 working devices from two different wafers show that the resonant frequencies are in the range of 32 102 ± 25 Hz and obey basically the normal distribution, and the drift from the designed value is less than 2.1%. The method is expected to significantly improve the reliability and fabrication yield of MEMS resonator, and can also be extended to other vibrating MEMS devices.
The impact of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score on deceased donor liver transplant outcomes in low volume liver transplantation center: a retrospective and single-center study

Purpose In June 2016, the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was employed in South Korea instead of the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score. This study compared the outcomes of deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) before and after the MELD system application. Methods This retrospective study reviewed 48 patients who underwent DDLT for end-stage liver disease at a single tertiary referral center between January 2014 and December 2018. The patients were categorized into the pre-MELD (22 patients) and post-MELD (26 patients) groups. The demographics, postoperative outcomes, and overall survival time were evaluated between the 2 groups. Results The 2 groups had no differences in age, sex, ABO type, etiology for liver transplantation, CTP-score, operation time, cold ischemic time, and amount of red blood cell transfusion, although their MELD score differed significantly (post-MELD group, 36.2 ± 4.9; pre-MELD group, 27.7 ± 11.8; P < 0.001). The post-MELD group has longer intensive care unit stay (11.2 ± 9.5 days vs. 5.7 ± 4.5 days, P = 0.018) and hospital stay than the pre-MELD group (36.8 ± 26 days vs. 22.8 ± 9.3 days, P = 0.016). The 1-year survival rate was lower in the post-MELD group (61.5% vs. 86.4%, P = 0.029). Conclusion After MELD allocation, patients with high MELD scores had increased DDLT and consequently required a longer recovery time, which could negatively affect survival. According to the experience of a small-volume center, these problems were related to both severe organ shortages in South Korea and MELD allocation.
Morphing Wing Structures for Loitering Air Vehicles

Cornerstone Research Group Inc. (CRG) will present current results of ongoing research and development of adaptive wing structures. The focus of these efforts is to develop and demonstrate viable composite materials and process technology to support multiple structural morphing applications. Prototypes under development include seamless-span morphing wings, chord morphing wings, and folding wings. Chord morphing is the focus of this paper. Advanced technologies applied include CRG’s shape memory polymers (SMP) Veriflex™, dynamic modulus composites (DMC) Veritex™, and dynamic modulus foams (DMF) Verilyte™. The development approach includes internal structure, seamless skin, thermal activation, and mechanical actuation. Many new composite fabrication techniques have been investigated. Other technologies under consideration include shape memory alloys, piezoelectric materials, electro- and magneto-rheological materials. Initial design and engineering efforts have focused on integrating new adaptive materials technologies into standard composite structures. CRG developed preliminary prototype designs of adaptive wing structures, developed a processing approach for fabrication, validated previously undemonstrated fabrication processes, and fabricated independently functional subsections of a morphing wing to prove feasibility.
Educating for innovation and management: the engineering educators' dilemma

Research on ways to improve engineering education has identified management and innovation skills as important to success in an engineering career. This paper explores the nature of those management and innovation skills through presentation of some original research on a community of innovative engineers and managers and some published research on personality differences between engineers, managers, and entrepreneurial innovators. This paper suggests the key to producing engineering graduates with a penchant for managing and innovating lies in developing a special kind of individuality (authenticity) in engineers toward the end of their tertiary studies. It suggests this individuality involves the courage to break with one's engineering paradigm as required and to operate pragmatically and "unscientifically" in the "public world" rather than theoretically and "scientifically" in the "special world" of engineering. It outlines an optional new curriculum for engineers and scientists developed by an Australian university to encourage authenticity and to prepare science and engineering graduates for careers in management and innovation.
Analysis Of Magneto-Optic Media For Optical Disk Drives

In the shot noise limited case C/N-ratios of more than 60 dB should be achievable with MO-layers available today. Light ellipticity due to substrate birefringence and phase retardation in the optics reduces the C/N-ratio in practice drastically. With optimized optical set-ups C/N-ratios of 50-54 dB were realized with PC-disks. Local variations of substrate birefringence causes also specific hard errors characterized by peak error amplitudes much higher than the MO-signal. Such errors affect the design of the electronics of the read channel which is demonstrated by a Byte error analysis.
Detecção de Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris em sementes de canola tratadas e variabilidade genética de uma coleção de isolados

DINIZ, R. L. C. Detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in treated canola seeds and genetic variability of a collection of isolates 2021. 53 f. Dissertation (Master in Agronomy) – Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) is an oilseed developed in Canada from the genetic improvement of rapeseed plants, which can be used in the production of edible oil and biodiesel. Black rot caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is one of the most destructive diseases in canola, occasioning losses in production and productivity. The bacteria can survive in the seeds and the use of healthy seeds is recommended in the management of disease. The objectives of this study were to evaluate and to compare the efficiency of semi-selective culture media for the detection of Xcc; to detect the presence of the bacteria in seed-treated canolas and to culturally, biochemically and molecularly characterize 34 isolates of Xcc from various brassicas including cultivars of B. oleracea and B. napus. For evaluation of the culture media an Xcc. isolate was used in four media 523, NA, NSCAA and YDC, with and without cycloheximide fungicide with three replications in each; the efficiency of each medium was assessed from the diameter of the colonies and counting the number of colonies in CFU mL. The 34 Xcc isolates were characterized biochemically, physiologically and molecularly, using specific primers XCF/XCR and universal (BOX, ERIC). The 523, NA and NSCAA culture media with the addition of cyclohexamide were efficient for the detection of the bacteria in the seed extract. The isolates were culturally, biochemically and molecularly characterized and 33 were identified as Xcc. The isolates showed genetic variability by BOX and ERIC-PCR, and it was not possible to group them according to geographic region and or host of origin.
QoS based Route Management in Cognitive Radio Networks

Cognitive radio has become a revolutionary technology that enables the functionalities of dynamic spectrum access. These are the radios that can be programmed and configured dynamically and aims at enhancing the efficiency of spectrum usage by allowing unlicensed users to access/share the licensed spectrum. Cognitive radio networks, a network of cognitive radios, are smart networks that automatically sense the channel and adjust the network parameters accordingly. Therefore, cognitive radio networks raise many challenges such as power management, spectrum management, route management, environment awareness, path robustness, and security issues. As Cognitive Radio (CR) enables dynamic spectrum access which causes adverse effects on network performance because routing protocols that exists were designed considering fixed frequency band. Also, effective routing in CRNs needs local and continual knowledge of its environment. If licensed user (primary user) requests for its channel which is currently used by unlicensed user (secondary user) then unlicensed user has to return the channel to licensed user. However, unlicensed user has to search for another channel and accordingly it needs to seek for route discovery. So, all these important factors need to be accounted for while performing route management. In this thesis, QoS based route management technique is proposed. Proposed model makes use of functionalities of profile exchange mechanism and location services. The proposed QoS routing algorithm contains following elements: (a) each licensed user prepares channel property table which lists all the properties of the channel, whereas all the unlicensed users in the network due to cognitive functionality sense the environment and prepare a table which contains identification information of neighbor node and channel present between them. All unlicensed users share their table with central entity. (b) Central entity with the help of received information and location services prepares routing table for all the nodes in the network. (c) Various Quality of Service (QoS) metrics are considered to improve the performance of the network. The metrics include power transmission, probability of channel availability, probability of PU presence, and Expected Transmission Count. Central entity provides a route to destination based on the QoS level requested by unlicensed users. Proposed model provides a route with minimum end-to-end transmission power, high probability of channel availability, low probability of PU presence and low value of expected transmission count, to increase life span of users in the network, to decrease the delay, to stabilize wireless connectivity and to increase the throughput of the communication, respectively, based on the QoS level requested by a secondary user. Performance of the network is examined by simulating the network in NS2 under simulation environment with the help of end to end delay, throughput, packet delivery ratio, and % packet loss. Proposed model performs better than two other reference models mentioned in the thesis and is shown in the simulation results.