Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HAPTIC INTERFACE FOR COMPUTER-ASSISTED PATIENT-SPECIFIC PRE-OPERATIVE PLANNING IN ORTHOPAEDIC FRACTURE SURGERY

Trauma surgeries in the pelvic area are often difficult and prolonged processes that require comprehensive preoperative planning based on a CT scan. Preoperative planning is essential for the appreciation and spatial visualisation of the bone fragments, for planning the reduction strategy, and for determining the optimal type, size, and location of the fixation hardware. We have developed a novel haptic-based patient specific preoperative planning system for pelvic bone fractures surgery planning. The system provides a virtual environment in which 3D bone fragments and fixation hardware models are interactively manipulated with full spatial depth and tactile perception. It supports the choice of the surgical approach and the planning of the two mains steps of bone fracture surgery: reduction and fixation. The purpose of the tool is to provide an intuitive haptic spatial interface for the manipulation of bone fracture 3D models extracted from CT images, to support the selection of bone fragments, the annotation of the fracture surface, the selection and placement of fixation screws, and the creation and placement of fixation plates with an anatomically fit shape. The system incorporates ligament models that constrain the bone fragments motions and provides a realistic interactive fracture reduction support feeling to the surgeon. It allows the surgeon to view the fracture from various directions, thereby allowing fast and accurate fracture reduction planning. Two haptic devices, one for each hand, provide tactile feedback when objects touch without interpenetrating. To facilitate the reduction, the system provides an interactive, haptic fracture surface annotation tool and a fracture reduction algorithm that automatically minimises the pairwise distance between the fracture surfaces. For fracture fixation, the system provides a screw creation and placement capability as well as custom anatomical-fit fixation plate creation and placement. The screw placement is facilitated by the transparent viewing mode that allows the surgeon to navigate the screws inside the bone fragments while constraining them to remain within the bone fragments with haptic forces. Our experimental results with five surgeons show that the method allows highly accurate reduction planning to within 1 mm or less. To evaluate the alignment in terms of quantity, we created a model of an artificial fracture in a healthy pelvis bone. The created model is placed in its anatomic location thus allowing us to measure the error in relation to its initial position. We calculate the anatomic alignment error by measuring the Hausdorff distance in mm between the fragment positioned in the desired location and the fragment placed by the surgeon. The new haptic-based system also supports patient-specific training of pelvic fracture surgeries.
Development Task Query in Natural Language Translation to a Code Query Engine Displaying the Search Results

One common task of developing or maintaining software is searching the source code for information like specific method calls or write accesses to certain fields. This kind of information is required to correctly implement new features and to solve bugs. This paper presents an approach for querying source code with a natural language interface. It enables the developer to execute a huge range of precise searches while being as easy and intuitive to use as writing natural language. The evaluation shows that the prototype implementation, integrated with the Eclipse development environment for Java, supports a wide range of queries and is able to correctly understand most real developer queries.
Perception of Pain in Orthodontic Patients

Pain during orthodontic treatment is the one of the most cited negative effect from orthodontic force application. This is a major concern for both patients as well as clinicians. Pain is a subjective response, which shows large individual variations. It is dependent on factors such as age, gender, individual pain threshold, magnitude of force applied, emotional status etc.,(1)This pain can negatively affect the quality of life and cause patients to discontinue treatment. (2)Orthodontic pain can also be associated with other complications like root resorption, caries formation, gingival and periodontal problems, allergic stomatitis etc.,(3). The intensity of orthodontic pain is comparable to the general pain felt with a wasp sting(4). The two most important aspects of pain and discomfort in orthodontic treatment are its intensity and duration. These has clinical implications(5,6). The causes of orthodontic pain can be due to the protrusion of the brackets and wires from the buccal surfaces of the teeth, which can irritate the lining of the cheeks and make them sore. The other cause can be the pressure which they exert on the teeth to bring in the desired tooth movement. (7,8)A survey comprising of a basic proforma and a visual analog scale was given randomly to around 50 patients, who were under various stages of orthodontic treatment visiting a private dental hospital in Chennai.
Modelling growth of Antarctic krill. I. Growth trends with sex, length, season, and region

Growth trends of Antarctic krill with sex, length, season, and region as independent variables were modelled with a linear mixed model (LMM) using 10 yr of accumulated instantaneous growth rate (IGR) measurements. A model of inter-moult period (IMP) as a function of temperature, required to convert IGR to daily growth rate, was fitted to data from published constant-temperature rearing studies; this model was used to predict seasonal IMP using a model of the average sea surface temperature seasonal trend for each region. Smaller krill exhibited higher growth rates and, in general, we observed a progressive decrease in IGR and daily growth with increasing size (from over 0.2 mm d -1 down to 0.05 mm d -1 for 20 and 50 mm krill, respectively, in December in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean). IGR decreased from summer to autumn, with small to negative values predominating across all length classes by autumn. December was a period of rapid growth in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean, whereas a similar peak in growth rates appeared to occur a few months earlier in the southwest Atlantic sector. Significantly lower growth rates were exhibited by females in January and February (e.g. 0.063 and 0.050 mm d -1 for 40 mm females) compared to males (0.119 and 0.090 mm d -1 for 40 mm males) in the Indian Ocean sector. Since these estimates were based on growth measurements of individual animals, they may reflect the occurrence of sex-differentiated growth patterns in the natural environment. Growth rate differences between sexes suggested that growth rate estimates based on composite length frequency distributions without sex differentiation may be problematic.
The Value Relevance of Earnings and Book Value Using an Option-Style Equity Valuation Model: Evidence from Korea

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the value relevance of earnings and book value in security prices from 1982 to 2001 in Korean stock market. The study examines whether the accounting earnings and book value have a nonlinear relationship to equity value by using an option-style model of equity. The study uses an option-style model of equity value to test the hypothesis that earnings and book value have a nonlinear relationship to equity value by examining firms listed in the Korean stock market (7,928 firm-year observations). To this end, the paper performs analyses for all samples and across subsamples divided into loss firms and profit firms, and observes changes in relationships over the past twenty years. This paper reports three sets of findings. First, the value-relevance of accounting earnings differs between loss firms and profit firms. Second, Korean firms differently acknowledge accounting earnings and book value for equity valuation. Third, an option-style valuation model can explain the nonlinear relationship between equity value and accounting earnings/book value. The important contribution of the study is to show the nonlinear relationship between equity value and book value in the Korean stock market. And the empirical results of the paper reinforces the adoption of a new equity valuation model that explicitly recognized the option that firms have to adapt their resources to the alternative uses available to them.
Oral findings, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Biomarker Assessment in Serum and Saliva of Crohn's Patients

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is a transmural inflammatory disorder of any part of alimentary tract, mostly associated with the interaction of environmental risk factors and immunological disturbances to normal microbiota of the intestine. However in the recent year it has been proposed that oxidative stress as a result of immunological factors over activation was highly suggested to be one of the major pathological mechanisms of Crohn's disease. The natural cores of CD is fluctuate by periods of remission and flare up and associated with various intestinal and extra intestinal symptoms. Subjects, Materials and Methods: Weaimed to compare the level of oxidative stress and antioxidants capacity in serum and saliva of fifty patients with moderate to sever Crohn's disease and twenty five control subjects by assessing lipid peroxidation Malondialdehyde (MDA)and antioxidant glutathione (GSH) markers. Blood and saliva samples were collected and salivary flow rate was measured for control subjects and Crohn's patients.Body mass index (BMI) was determined by dividing the weigh(kg) by length (m for all participants. Results: The mean of BMI of Crohn's patients showed non significant difference(p>0.05) than control subjects, while Crohn's patients showed highly significant reduction (p<0.001) in the means of salivary flow rate than that of control subjects . The results revealed that the levels of serum and saliva MDA were highly significantly higher (p<0.001) in Crohn's patients than that of control subjects, while highly significant reduction (p>0.001)in the levels of serum and saliva GSH was showed in Crohn's patients comparing with that in control subjects. The highest percentage of Crohn's patients presented with fungal infection as the most predominant oral findings among those patients. Conclusions: Chronic inflammatory characteristic of Crohn's disease was highly associated with a state of imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants system of the body, known as oxidative stress condition. Saliva acts as an important diagnostic felid as serumin detection of many systemic diseases. Patients with Crohn's disease were Immuno compromised as a result of disease associated immunological dysregulation or immunosuppressant medications usage and this increase the risk of opportunistic infection in Crohn's patients.
The Science of Plant Tissue Culture as a Catalyst for Agricultural and Industrial Development in an Emerging Economy

© 2012 Aladele et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Science of Plant Tissue Culture as a Catalyst for Agricultural and Industrial Development in an Emerging Economy
AUTHORSHIP ANALYSIS FOR REGIONAL LANGUAGES USING MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH

The old classical poems, written in various regional languages, many of them the authors were not identified. For example, in Tamil language, Agananuru, Purananuru and Paripadal, still we didn’t know many of the authors. Hence, if we identify these, it will be more helpful to the society to know and identify the author of various valuable old poems. The Author Identification study is useful to identify the most plausible authors and best suited for authorship verification whereas it can be applied to authorship characterization and profiling.
A Complete Imaging System with A Novel Image Super-Resolution Method

Single image super-resolution (SR) has been widely studied in recent years as a crucial technique for many applications. This paper proposes a complete imaging system with a novel image super-resolution method based on convolutional neural network (CNN). Different from the previous papers, the novelty of this paper mainly reflects from two aspects. First, the whole architecture of the imaging system is showed and illustrated. Secondly, a novel network model for SR is built, which contains deconvolution layer and residual network. Results validate that the proposed method performs well in terms of both the objective evaluation and the subjective perspective.
Iron Supplementation in Suckling Piglets: An Ostensibly Easy Therapy of Neonatal Iron Deficiency Anemia

In pigs, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent deficiency disorder during the early postnatal period, frequently developing into a serious illness. On the other hand, in humans, only low-birth-weight infants, including premature infants, are especially susceptible to developing IDA. In both human and pig neonates, the initial cause of IDA is low birth iron stores. In piglets this shortage of stored iron results mainly from genetic selection over the past few decades for large litter sizes and high birth weights. As a consequence, pregnant sows cannot provide a sufficient amount of iron to the increasing number of developing fetuses. Supplementation with iron is a common practice for the treatment of IDA in piglets. For decades, the preferred procedure for delivering iron supplements during early life stages has been through the intramuscular injection of a large amount of iron dextran. However, this relatively simple therapy, which in general, efficiently corrects IDA, may generate toxic effects, and by inducing hepcidin expression, may decrease bioavailability of supplemental iron. New iron supplements are considered herein with the aim to combine the improvement of hematological status, blunting of hepcidin expression, and minimizing the toxicity of the administered iron. We propose that iron-deficient piglets constitute a convenient animal model for performing pre-clinical studies with iron supplements.
Social-ecological memory in an autobiographical novel: ecoliteracy, place attachment, and identity related to the Korean traditional village landscape

Our study discusses how literature, in particular an autobiographical novel, can be approached as a valuable reservoir of social-ecological memory (SEM). Through our analysis of acclaimed Korean writer Park Wan-suh’s autobiographical novel Who Ate Up All the Shinga? , we discuss how an individual (the author) manifests ecoliteracy, place attachment, and identity in relation to Korea’s traditional village landscape that can serve as a suitable setting for understanding Korea’s local social-ecological contexts. We find a rich account of knowledge and practices related to living and ecological components, resource and landscape management systems, social institutions, and worldviews. The author’s descriptions of her native village landscape show the role of village resource and landscape management practices in enhancing local biodiversity and developing ecoliteracy in relation to indigenous ecosystemlike concepts. In addition, several social capitals are mentioned as key to sustaining the village community. The author’s knowledge of local plants is the result of her childhood experiences in nature, and her place attachment is tightly linked with her worldview that is cultivated through intricate human-nature relationships within the Korean traditional village landscape. Furthermore, the novel contributes to comprehending resilience thinking by providing a narrative of social changes and interactions between humans and nature. Thus, SEM retained in literature can facilitate a meaningful understanding of social-ecological contexts in a given socialecological system. Our study therefore suggests new functions of autobiographical memory in literary work for delivering SEM, and informs the study of SEM across the fields of humanities, social sciences, and natural resources management.
Planar Multi-Link Swimmers: Experiments and Theoretical Investigation using “Perfect Fluid” Model

Summary Robotic swimmers are currently a subject of extensive research and development for several underwater applications. Clever design and planning must rely on simple theoretical models that account for the swimmer’s hydrodynamics in order to optimize its structure and control inputs. In this work, we study a planar snake-like multi-link swimmer by using the “perfect fluid” model that accounts for inertial hydrodynamic forces while neglecting viscous drag effects. The swimmer’s dynamic equations of motion are formulated and reduced into a first-order system due to symmetries and conservation of generalized momentum variables. Focusing on oscillatory inputs of joint angles, we study optimal gaits for 3-link and 5-link swimmers via numerical integration. For the 3-link swimmer, we also provide a small-amplitude asymptotic solution which enables obtaining closed-form approximations for optimal gaits. The theoretical results are then corroborated by experiments and motion measurement of untethered robotic prototypes with three and five links floating in a water pool, showing a reasonable agreement between the experiments and the theoretical model.
SVM and ANFIS as Channel Selection Models for the Spectrum Decision Stage in Cognitive Radio Networks

The spectrum decision stage in cognitive radio (CR) wireless networks is in charge of selecting and assigning channels to secondary users (SUs); an optimum selection depends on: primary user (PU) characterization, the way in which SU requests are processed at the base station (BS), and the way in which available spectrum resources are managed before they are assigned. This paper proposes the use and evaluation of the artificial-intelligence-based Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Adaptative Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) methodologies in order to appropriately classify potential resources (free spectrum in licensed frequency bands) available on the network so that they are assigned to SUs in an opportunistic fashion according to quality of service (QoS) requirements, In the characterization sub-stage, the methodology includes the use of a database with real information on PU behavior in multiple spectrum bands; the generation via 476 Danilo Alfonso López Sarmiento et al. simulation of potential SUs with Best Effort (BE) or Real Time (RT) service quality criteria for the opportunistic assignment of free spectrum; and the development and simulation of the entire system on MATLAB. One of the relevant contributions is the determination of whether the use of methods based on supervised learning is a good option for improving resource assignment performance in CR. The main conclusion is that implementing a proactive strategy in the spectrum decision and channel classification stage optimizes the performance of a cognitive network because the time needed to assign spectrum resources to SUs is reduced, thus reducing the amount of collisions, which implies a more efficient data transmission.
Idiosyncratic Volatility , Liquidity Risk , and Expected Stock Returns : International Evidence

Modern Portfolio Theory suggests that idiosyncratic risk should have no effect on expected returns if investors hold fully-diversified portfolios. However, the existing empirical evidence to date on the cross-sectional relation between idiosyncratic risk and expected returns has been decidedly mixed and conflicting. One point of contention among researchers is the methodology used to proxy idiosyncratic risk since it is estimated relative to the systematic returns of the stock and is therefore model dependent. This study relates the current-month’s idiosyncratic volatility to the subsequent month’s returns for a sample of both developed and emerging markets using multifactor benchmarks, including a benchmark that includes a systematic liquidity risk component. Idiosyncratic risk does not play a role on stock returns for most of the developed markets analyzed. In contrast, idiosyncratic risk is found to be positively related to month-ahead expected returns for many emerging markets. These results are robust to the incorporation of a systematic liquidity risk component in expected returns. JEL codes: G11, G12, and G15.
Bayesian Inference for Mean of the Lognormal Distribution

Lognormal distribution has wide applications in the analysis of failure time data, stock prices and rainfall. In this paper we derive Bayes estimator and credible regions for the mean of the lognormal distribution. We compare the coverage probability and length of the Bayes credible interval with the confidence interval obtained from the maximum likelihood estimator of the log location and scale parameters. The procedure is illustrated using the failure time data of locomotive control and stock price. ognormal distribution has support on the positive part of the real line. It is right skewed and is widely applicable when normal distribution does not fit well to the data. It is used in the analysis of failure time data, stock market data and in the analysis of rainfall data. The commonly used procedure in this area is to take log transformation and use the technique developed for normal models. The mean and variance of the lognormal distribution are not invariant under distributional transformation. Therefore it is necessary to develop estimators and confidence intervals for the mean and variance of the lognormal distribution. In applied research coefficient of variation (C.V) is widely used as a measure of variability than the standard deviation. The reason for this is that C.V is unitless and facilitates easy interpretation. Zellner (1971) initiated Bayesian inference for lognormal distribution. He considered Bayes estimator for the mean and median of the lognormal distribution. He observed that Bayes estimator for mean of the lognormal distribution does not exist and he obtained improved estimators of mean and median of the distribution. He
Accuracy of load assessments based on modelled turbulence-The German example

This study investigates the accuracy of wind turbine fatigue loads based on modelled ambient turbulence for sites typical of Germany. It is analysed if modelled turbulence from the microscale models WAsP Engineering and WAsP-CFD can reproduce fatigue loads based on measured turbulence. The microscale models are applied to 23 locations with high quality wind measuring masts, mostly ≥100 m. Fatigue loads are estimated for each mast position for the main turbine components, first using the measured turbulence and second using the modelled turbulence. The results allow a direct assessment of the error introduced by the modelled turbulence and show only a small difference between using WAsP Engineering and WAsP-CFD across the 23 sites in noncomplex terrain. When combined with the ‘COV=0.2’ assumption both models result in fatigue loads on tower and blades, which are close to bias free (-3% to +2%) with a standard deviation of SD=5-6%. This variation can be accounted for either by (1) applying a deliberate positive bias using COV=0.3 instead COV=0.2 or by (2) adding a 2xSD safety margin (i.e. ~10%) to site load estimates when comparing to design loads.