Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (SMK3) PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI DI INDONESIA (Studi Kasus: Pembangunan Jembatan Dr. Ir. Soekarno-Manado)

Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) merupakan sistem perlindungan bagi tenaga kerja dan jasa konstruksi untuk meminimalisasi dan menghindarkan diri dari resiko kerugian moral maupun material, kehilangan jam kerja, maupun keselamatan manusia dan lingkungan sekitarnya yang nantinya dapat menunjang peningkatan kinerja yang efektif dan efisien. Pedoman penerapan SMK3 di Indonesia diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja Nomor: PER.05/MEN/1996. Penelitian ini mencoba memberikan jawaban tentang bagaimana standar dan pedoman SMK3 yang digunakan pada proyek pembangunan Jembatan Dr. Ir. Soekarno di Manado serta membahas bagaimana pengaruh dari penerapan SMK3 bagi perusahaan dan tenaga kerja itu sendiri. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menyusun dan membahas hasil wawancara dengan petugas K3, hasil observasi atau pengamatan langsung di lokasi proyek dan hasil evaluasi data-data SMK3 yang tersedia serta studi kepustakaan sebagai data pendukung. Berdasarkan penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa SMK3 telah direncanakan dan diterapkan dengan baik di lokasi proyek. Standar dan pedoman yang digunakan untuk mengatur sistem ini disusun dalam Rencana Mutu, Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja serta Lingkungan Proyek (RMK3LP). Dasar penerapan prosedur-prosedur tersebut disesuaikan dengan standar internasional yaitu Occupation Health and Safety Management System (OHSAS) 18001:1999 yang memiliki kesamaan dengan SMK3 diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja Nomor: PER.05/MEN/1996. Penerapan SMK3 ini membawa pengaruh yang baik bagi perusahaan maupun tenaga kerja, hal tersebut terlihat dari jumlah tenaga kerja yang mengalami kecelakaan atau penyakit kerja masih tergolong rendah dan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berarti bagi pelaksanaan pekerjaan. Kata Kunci : SMK3, OHSAS 18001:1999
Volume-Averaged RANS-Simulation of Turbulent Flow over Porous Media

Kurzlich durchgefuhrte akustische Untersuchungen zeigen, dass porose Tragflugelhinterkanten den Flugzeuglarm deutlich verringern konnen. Die Simulationsmoglichkeiten fur solche Verwendungen von porosen Materialien an Flugzeugen und auch an anderen aerodynamischen Gegenstanden sind bisher sehr begrenzt. Die vorliegende Arbeit nimmt sich diesem Problem an und beschreibt den gesamten Entwicklungsprozess einer moglichen Erweiterung fur numerische Stromungsloser zur Berechnung turbulenter Stromungen uber porosen Materialien, beginnend mit der Herleitung der theoretischen Modelle, uber deren Integration in einen Stromungsloser, bis hin zur Validierung der Modelle anhand von DNS-Daten und Experimenten. Die Randbedingungen der zu simulierenden Stromungen kommen aus der zivilen Luftfahrt und sind unter anderem hohe Reynoldszahlen, sehr feine porose Strukturen und Geschwindigkeiten im transonischen Machzahlbereich. Um solche Stromungen effektive losen zu konnen werden die Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen in ihrer kompressiblen Form raumlich und zeitlich gemittelt. Dadurch entstehen zu modellierende Terme, welche zum einen den Effekt von porosen Materialien auf die Stromung und zum anderen den Effekt der Turbulenz beschreiben. Das verwendete Modell der fur die porosen Materialien zustandigen Terme basiert auf den Gesetzen von Darcy- und Forchheimer, und Turbulenzterme werden mit Hilfe eines Reynoldsspannungsmodells modelliert. An der Ubergangsflache zwischen porosem Medium und freier Stromung werden zusatzliche Bedingungen notwendig. Denn beim Auftreffen der Stromung auf ein poroses Medium muss ihr Zustand so transformiert werden, dass sie ihren Weg im porosen Medium physikalisch sinnvoll fortsetzt. Die Transformationsregeln beruhen auf Erhaltungsgleichungen sowie Sprungbedingungen fur Gradienten einzelner Stromungsvariablen. Nach der Herleitung der benotigten Theorie wird kurz auf deren Implementierung in einen finite-Volumen Stromungsloser eingegangen. Die Funktionsfahigkeit wird anhand von einfachen Testfallen gezeigt, um sich dann der Kalibrierung und Validierung der theoretischen Modelle zu widmen. Die Losungen mit den final festgelegten Parameterwerten zeigen gute Ubereinstimmung mit DNS-Daten. Fur die Validierung werden aerodynamische Windkanaluntersuchungen an dem anfangs beschriebenen Flugel mit poroser Hinterkante durchgefuhrt. Der Effekt der porosen Hinterkante auf den Auftriebsbeiwert wird durch die numerischen Simulationen gut wiedergegeben.
2 . 2 Other decompositions

The exponential increase in available data has led to an ever growing interest in information retrieval techniques. Lexical matching often fails due to synonymy and polysemy. Hence, semantic approaches have been searched for and one of these approaches is Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI). The inconvenient with LSI is its heavy computational needs. Leaving all this demand on one system is impractical. The recent development in peer-to-peer networking offers a good opportunity for the development of a computationally and functionally reasonable system for information retrieval. The present paper first makes an introduction into LSI and presents peer-to-peer technology, and then suggests an infrastructure for a future IR application that will take advantage of both areas of study.
Spanish Grammar on the Web: Interactive Materials for the Language Classroom.

The impact of the Internet on our educational environment is enormous and continues to affect the ways in which we instruct and interrelate with students. The World-Wide Web (WWW) in particular allows multiple types of communication and information available to the user (instructor and student) at any given moment. The integration of the WWW into the foreign language curriculum has clear advantages for both educators and students. Dyrli and Kinnaman note that global networking offers the possibility of going beyond the space of the classroom and office hours to make educational resources and creative learning environments available to both the instructor and the student (85-86). The WWW is a medium supplementary to traditional classroom practices and textbook-based exercises. Offering an immense array of up-todate information, the Web can make learning adventurous, dynamic and collaborative. The Web is also an excellent tool for diversifying the curriculum and facilitating a more comprehensive way for the student to interact with the target language (Armstrong, 478-79). The WWW can be seen as a testing ground where ideas are constantly shared and processed. It is from the perspective of understanding the eb as an aid to instruction, rather than as an end in itselt that I review of some of my own experience with its use in the area of teaching Spanish. I am not concerned here with theoretical discussions or specific teaching methodologies as applied through the web; rather, I would like to show the potential the WWW offers to those interested in developing into more active participants and creators of teaching materials in this ever-changing medium. As a Spanish lecturer in the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures of Washington University in Saint Louis, I was looking for ways to energize students and diver-
From building information modeling to city information modeling

With the development of Geographic Information System (GIS), the concept of digital city is implemented widely. However, in practice, most of the GIS models are relatively poorly attributed, semantically. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a process involving the generation and management of digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of building, which is most used in small scale projects. In order to address the target problem of completing the semantic attribution of 3D digital city model, a framework of integrating BIM technology into GIS is demonstrated. A new concept of city information modeling (CIM) is proposed with the goal of bringing great benefits to the urban construction and city management. The composition of city information model is discussed. The data schema behind BIM and GIS (i.e. IFC and CityGML) are compared and mapped with each other. A case study of land planning of campus is demonstrated to present the potential benefits of CIM.
Knowledge Discovery from Questionnaires — A Case of Improvements for Quality of Education —

way for knowledge discovery from questionnaires is discussed. Since usual questionnaires include questions answered by a fixed format and those by a free format, it is important to introduce the viewpoints of both data mining and text mining, where the answers by the fixed format is called ”items”, and those by the free format, simply “texts”. In this paper, an algorithm for simultaneously processing answers with both the items and the texts is developed. An algorithm for extracting important sentences from documents is also developed. Using these algorithms combined with statistical techniques, a method for analyzing the questionnaires is presented. The method is applied to a case of improvements for the quality of education for which the student questionnaire is executed to a class, and we obtain useful knowledge which leads to faculty developments.
Pelaksanaan kurikulum kimia KBSM di kalangan guru-guru pelatih jurusan kimia Di UTM

Pendidikan di Malaysia adalah suatu usaha be rterusan untuk memperke mbangkan lagi potensi individu secara menyeluruh dan bersepadu untuk melahirkan insan yang seimbang, harmoni dan bermoral tinggi (Kementerian Pelajaran Ma laysia, 2001). Kerajaan telah mewujudkan Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah (KBSR) dan Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah (KBSM) untuk melahirkan warganegara yang se imbang dari aspek jasmani, emosi, rohani, intelek dan sahsiah (JERIS) berdasarkan kepe rcayaan dan kepatuhan kepada Tuhan (Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum, 1988). Bermula dengan Kurikulum Kimia Tradisi berubah kepada Kurikulum Kimia Moden (1972), seterusnya Kimia KBSM (1989) dan yang terbaru Kimia KBSM baru (yang disemak semula, 2002). Seterus nya berlaku perubahan apabila mata pelajaran sains dan matematik akan diajar dalam baha sa inggeris secara se penuhnya pada tahun 2008. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk me menuhi inspirasi negara untuk menjadikan Malaysia negara maju pada tahun 2020. Malaysia sebagai sebuah ne gara yang sedang berusaha mencapai taraf negara maju menjelang tahun 2020, telah meleta kkan bidang sains dan teknologi sebagai salah satu pra-syarat bagi men capai hasrat tersebut. Aspek pendidikan merupakan fokus utama yang perlu diberi perhatian bagi melahirkan masyarakat yang inovatif, kreatif dan berfikiran kritis. Pendekatan penga jaran dan pembelajaran dalam Kimia KBSM baru melibatkan proses pemerolehan pengetahuan dan penguasaan kemahiran secara bersepadu dengan mengambil kira serta memanfaatkan kecerdasan yang pelbagai (Abu Hassan, 2004). Pendekatan ini merangkumi pendekatan konstruktivisme, penglibatan pelajar secara aktif, penggunaan kema hiran berfikir secara berfikrah, pengoperasian dan aplikasi kemahiran saintifik di samping pe mbentukan sikap saintifik dan nilai murni (Abu Hassan, 2003). Usaha ini dilakukan secara bersungguh-sungguh bagi membina masyarakat saintifik yang progresif, i novatif dan berpandangan jauh.
La oferta laboral y el papel de las remesas internacionales: estudio de caso para la zona cafetera colombiana: Área Metropolitana Centro Occidente

Resumen: La diaspora de colombianos al exterior a finales de la decada pasada, como respuesta a la situacion economica que atravesaba el pais, provoco cambios en el mercado laboral que actualmente presentan una importancia significativa. Se presenta una evaluacion de los posibles efectos que tiene la migracion internacional, a traves de las remesas, sobre la participacion laboral en la zona cafetera colombiana -Area Metropolitana Centro Occidente (AMCO)-. Los resultados de los ejercicios econometricos permiten afirmar que en la Zona AMCO, las remesas tienen un efecto significativo sobre la decision de participar en el mercado laboral. En especial, los hogares pobres son mas dependientes de las remesas y se encuentra que su participacion laboral es menor y que la decision de participar para los individuos en los hogares con mayores ingresos no depende de las remesas.
Medial Representations: Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications

The last half century has seen the development of many biological or physical theories that have explicitly or implicitly involved medial descriptions of objects and other spatial entities in our world. Simultaneously, mathematicians have studied the properties of these skeletal descriptions of shape, and, stimulated by the many areas where medial models are useful, computer scientists and engineers have developed numerous algorithms for computing and using these models. The book consists of an introductory chapter, two chapters on the major mathematical results on medial representations, five chapters on algorithms for extracting medial models from boundary or binary image descriptions of objects, and three chapters on applications in image analysis and other areas of study and design. This book will serve the science and engineering communities using medial models and will provide learning material for students entering this field.
Open Problems in Reverse Mathematics

The basic reference for reverse mathematics is my recently published book Subsystems of Second Order Arithmetic [32]. The web site for the book is www.math.psu.edu/simpson/sosoa/. This article is a write-up of some representative open problems in reverse mathematics. It was originally a handout for my 45-minute invited talk at the AMS-INS-SIAM conference Computability Theory and Applications, June 13–17, 1999, Boulder, Colorado.
A π-Calculus Based Approach to Software Composition

Present-day applications are increasingly required to be flexible, or "open" in a variety of ways. By flexibility we mean that these applications have to be portable (to different hardware and software platforms), interoperable (with other applications), extendible (to new functionality), configurable (to individual users' or clients' needs), and maintainable. These kinds of flexibility are currently best supported by component-oriented software technology: components, by means of abstraction, support portability, interoperability, and maintainability. Extendibility and configurability are supported by different forms of binding technology, or "glue": application parts, or even whole applications can be created by composing software components; applications stay flexible by allowing components to be replaced or reconfigured, possibly at runtime. This thesis develops a formal language for software composition that is based on the Pi-calculus. More precisely, we present the L-calculus, a variant of the Pi-calculus in which agents communicate by passing extensible, labeled records, or so-called "forms", rather than tuples. This approach makes it much easier to model compositional abstractions than it is possible in the plain Pi-calculus, since the contents of communication are now independent of position, agents are more naturally polymorphic since communication forms can be easily extended, and environmental arguments can be passed implicitly. The L-calculus is developed in three stages: (i) we analyse whether the Pi-calculus is suitable to model composition abstractions, (ii) driven by the insights we got using the Pi-calculus, we de ne a new calculus that has better support for software composition (e.g., provides support for inherently extensible software construction), and (iii), we de ne a first-order type system with subtype polymorphism and sound record concatenation that allows us to check statically an agent system in order to prevent the occurrences of run-time errors. We conclude with defining a first Java-based composition system and Piccola, a prototype composition language based on the L-calculus. The composition system provides support for integrating arbitrary compositional abstractions using both Piccola and standard bridging technologies like RMI and CORBA. Furthermore, the composition systems maintains a composition library that provides components in a uniform way.
Empirical evaluation techniques in computer vision

From the Publisher: Empirical Evaluation Techniques in Computer Vision presents methods that allow comparative assessment of algorithms and the accompanying benefits: places computer vision on solid experimental and scientific grounds, assists the development of engineering solutions to practical problems, allows accurate assessments of computer vision research, provides convincing evidence that computer vision research results in practical solutions. The chapters in this volume cover the three main paradigms for evaluating computer vision algorithms. The paradigms are: (1) evaluations that are independently administered, (2) evaluation of a set of algorithms by one research group, and (3) evaluation methods that feature ground truthing procedures as a major component.
Qualitative/Quantitative Synergies in a Random-Assignment Program Evaluation

This paper describes the productive synergy that resulted from a mixed qualitative/quantitative approach to evaluating program impacts of New Hope, an anti-poverty program developed and implemented in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the mid-1990s. An overarching conclusion is that the combination of the two methodologies can indeed enrich evaluation efforts. The assessment of New Hope was enhanced by decisions to randomly sample qualitative cases from the larger population of New Hope participants and to train graduate student research assistants to both conduct the qualitative interviews and analyze the quantitative data. The mixed method approach was helpful for understanding program impacts estimated in the quantitative data and for identifying subgroups for which program impacts were the strongest. The n=43 qualitative data were helpful for identifying some but not all kinds of experimental impacts. Case studies from the qualitative data provided important context for the evaluation report and were used to generate measures for a follow-up survey.
A Self-Organizing Database System - a Different Approach to Query Optimization

A Self-Organizing Database System (SODS) monitors queries asked, finds a good (or optimal) database structure for those queries, and suggests or does the reorganization. In this thesis we describe a prototype SODS for single-file relational queries and give an integrated analysis of its major design problems: (1) estimation of the number of records satisfying a condition (i.e., condition selectivity); (2) query optimization; (3) storing information about a set of queries; (4) optimal selection of secondary indices. We present new results for each of those problems. Some of this research was implemented in FASTSCAN, a commercial query system. We present a new method for accurate estimation of the number of records satisfying a condition field rel constant, where rel is one of "=", " ", "(LESSTHEQ)", "(GREATERTHEQ)". We also examine estimates for more complicated conditions. We present elementary operations (such as UNION, INTERSECT) on pointer and record streams. We show how to use the query parse tree to construct a query evaluation method (EM) from those operations. Then we give an algorithm for selecting the optimal EM, based on converting the query to conjunctive normal form. We examine ways to compress information about a set of queries by combining information for similar queries. We derive a compression scheme which allows a correct and fast computation of the cost of the average query under any index set. We combine all previous results in analyzing the NP-hard problem of optimal index selection. We present two algorithms for it. The first one always finds the optimal answer and runs fast on real-size problems despite its exponential worst-case complexity. The second one (a Greedy method) runs much faster, yet finds the optimal answer very frequently. We analyze the Maximum Cover problem (also NP-hard), a simplification of the optimal index selection. We prove that the Greedy method is an epsilon-approximate algorithm: its answer is always > 63% of the optimal answer.
FaTC2: An Object-Oriented Framework for Developing Fault-Tolerant Component-Based Systems

Component-based systems built out of reusable software components are being used in a wide range of applications that have high dependability requirements. In order to achieve the required levels of reliability and availability, it is necessary to incorporate into these complex systems means for coping with software faults. In this paper we present FaTC2, an object-oriented framework which facilitates the construction of fault-tolerant component-based systems by giving support to fault tolerance techniques. FaTC2 is an extension of C2.FW, an OO framework which provides an infrastructure for building applications using the C2 architectural style. More specifically, FaTC2 extends C2.FW in order to introduce a forward error recovery mechanism by means of an exception handling system. Our main contribution is to provide a framework which gives support to a software architectural level exception handling system. We also present a case study showing how our framework can be employed for building a fault-tolerant component-based application.
Empirical versus Formal Approaches to Agent-Based Systems

Synergies exist between empirical and formal approaches to agent-based systems. We discuss these approaches and posit that whether to follow an empirical or formal approach depends on the domain of interest and the properties of the results we seek. The focus in the empirical approach to agent-based systems is system-centric. In the empirical approach we remain grounded in objects and events of the real world. Uncertainties and other realities in the world that are difficult to formalize are best captured by empirical approaches. In domains in which observational data is available, such as biological systems, empirical approximations of real phenomena are useful. Systems of mobile robots as agents are all empirical systems and by observation we extrapolate principles, methodologies, and architectures. With the empirical approach we seek to measure, experiment, and gain access to metrics and benchmarks. The focus in the formal approach to agent-based systems is model-centric. Cognitive ingredients of complex mental states as well as precise models and requirements of critical systems are best captured by formal approaches. Models are often designed for