Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuronal RNA Oxidation in Alzheimer's Disease and Down's Syndrome

AKIHIKO NUNOMURA,a,b GEORGE PERRY,a,c KEISUKE HIRAI,a,d GJUMRAKCH ALIEV,a ATSUSHI TAKEDA,a SHIGERU CHIBA,b AND MARK A. SMITHa aInstitute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA bDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan dPharmaceutical Research Laboratories I, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd., Osaka 532-8686, Japan
Optimal Design of a RFID Tag Antenna Based on Plane-Wave Incidence

In order to increase the detection range and radar cross section (RCS), the patch shape of a UHF RFID tag antenna is optimized using continuum design sensitivity analysis. To maximize RCS and reflect the practical RFID tag operating condition, the design goal is set considering not only the matching characteristics of the antenna but also the induced voltage at the RFID chip terminal when the plane-wave is incident upon the antenna. The complex impedance of the RFID chip is taken into account by defining a lumped port at the chip location. The design results show that the induced voltage at the chip has increased more than 32% after the optimization.
Lifespan profiles of Alzheimer ' s disease – associated genes and their products in monkeys and mice

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by plaques of amyloid–beta (Aβ) peptide, cleaved from amyloid–β precursor protein (AβPP). Our hypothesis is that lifespan profiles of AD-associated mRNA and protein levels in monkeys would differ from mice, and that differential lifespan expression profiles would be useful to understand human AD pathogenesis. We compared profiles of AβPP mRNA, AβPP protein, and Aβ levels in rodents and primates. We also tracked a transcriptional regulator of the AβPP gene, specificity protein 1 (SP1), and the β amyloid precursor cleaving enzyme (BACE1). In mice, AβPP and Sp1 mRNA and their protein products were elevated late in life; Aβ levels declined in old age. In monkeys, Sp1, AβPP, and BACE1 mRNA declined in old age, while protein products and Aβ levels rose. Proteolytic processing in both species did not match production of Aβ. In primates, AβPP and Sp1 mRNA levels coordinate, but an inverse relationship exists with corresponding protein products, as well as Aβ levels. Comparison of human DNA and mRNA sequences to monkey and mouse counterparts revealed structural features that may explain differences in transcriptional and translational processing. These findings are important for selecting appropriate models for AD and other age–related diseases.
Design of Fast Pipelined Multiplier using Modified Redundant Adder

Carry free arithmetic using higher radix number system such as Redundant Binary Signed Digit can be used to meet the demand for computers operating at much higher speeds. The computation speed can also be increased by using the suitable design of adder and multiplier circuits. Fast RBSD adder cells suggested by Neelam Sharma in 2006 using universal logic are modified in the proposed design by reducing the number of gates. Due to reduction in gate count, number of gate levels and hence the circuit complexity is also reduced. As multiplication is repetitive addition, the implementation time of the multiplier circuit will also be reduced to a great extent by using modified design of adder cell to add the partial products. These partial products are added using pipelined units to reduce implementation time further. Thus with the use of proposed RBSD adder, other arithmetic operations such as subtraction, division, square root etc. can be performed much faster. It is concluded that efficiency of the proposed RBSD adder and multiplier is improved as compared to the techniques conventionally used in high speed machines. Thus the proposed modified RBSD adder cell using universal gates can be used to design fast ALU with many additional advantages.
Evaluation of lidocaine spinal anesthesia in the rhesus monkey.

The present study was undertaken to determine whether a nonhuman primate model could be developed that would allow reproducible spinal anesthesia with determination of onset and duration of both sensory and motor anesthesia, using techniques for evaluation common in clinical practice. Recently, Feldman and Covino (1) reported the development of a chronic dog model for evaluation of spinal anesthesia. However, their model was used for determination of onset and duration of motor anesthesia only. They were not able to measure either sensory or autonomic blockade. A review of the limited Iiterature relating to spinal anesthesia in primates reveals examination of narrow aspects of the technique. Some of those studies examined systemic and regional blood flow during spinal anesthesia, but there was no attempt to measure neural blockade (2). Another study was conducted using hyperbaric ketamine in the rhesus mon-
Normal sexual dimorphism in the human basal ganglia

Male and female brains differ in both structure and function. Investigating this sexual dimorphism in healthy subjects is an important first step to ultimately gain insight into sex‐specific differences in behavior and risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. The basal ganglia are among the main regions containing sex steroid receptors in the brain and play a central role in cognitive (dys)functioning. However, little is known about sexual dimorphism of different basal ganglia nuclei. The aim of the present study was to investigate sex‐specific differences in basal ganglia morphology using MRI. We applied automatic volumetry on anatomical MRI data of two large cohorts of healthy young adults (n = 463 and n = 541) and assessed the volume of four major nuclei of the basal ganglia: caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, and putamen, while controlling for total gray matter volume, total white matter volume, and age of the participant. No significant sex differences were found for caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens, but males showed significantly larger volumes for globus pallidus and putamen, as confirmed in both cohorts. These results show that sexual dimorphism is neither a general effect in the basal ganglia nor confined to just one specific nucleus, and will aid the interpretation of differences in basal ganglia (dys)function between males and females. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High Frequency of Mutations in the rpoB Gene in Rifampin-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Singapore

Rifampin (RIF) is a first-line antituberculosis drug. Resistance to RIF, in the majority of cases, has been associated with mutations within an 81-bp RIF resistance-determining region (RRDR) of the rpoB gene, which encodes the β subunit of the RNA polymerase ([8][1]). RIF acts by binding to the β
A 24-amino-acid polypeptide is essential for the biosynthesis of the coenzyme pyrrolo-quinoline-quinone

At least four genes are required for the biosynthesis of the coenzyme pyrrolo-quinoline-quinone (PQQ) in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The DNA region where one of these genes was mapped codes for a polypeptide of only 24 amino acids. Here we show that indeed this small peptide is essential for PQQ synthesis. Site-directed mutagenesis shows that at least one glutamate and one tyrosine residue of the polypeptide are essential for its function.
Preparation of TiO(2) layers on cp-Ti and Ti6Al4V by thermal and anodic oxidation and by sol-gel coating techniques and their characterization.

The excellent biocompatibility of titanium and its alloys used, for example, for medical devices, is associated with the properties of their surface oxide. For a better understanding of the tissue reaction in contact with the oxide layer, knowledge of the chemical and physical properties of this layer is of increasing interest. In this study, titania films were produced on cp-Ti and Ti6Al4V substrates by thermal oxidation, anodic oxidation, and by the sol-gel process. The thickness and structure of the films produced under different conditions were determined by ellipsometry, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction measurements. The corrosion properties of these layers were investigated by current density-potential curves under physiological conditions. The oxide layers produced on cp-Ti and Ti6Al4V by thermal oxidation consist of TiO(2) in the rutile structure. For the anodized samples the structure of TiO(2) is a mixture of amorphous phase and anatase. The structure of the coatings produced by the sol-gel process for a constant annealing time depends on the annealing temperature, and with increasing temperature successively amorphous, anatase, and rutile structure is observed. Compared to the uncoated, polished substrate with a natural oxide layer, the corrosion resistance of cp-Ti and Ti6Al4V is increased for the samples with an oxide layer thickness of about 100 nm, independent of the oxidation procedure.
Functional Rehabilitation of Mandibular Continuity Defects Using Autologous Bone and Dental Implants – Prognostic Value of Bone Origin, Radiation Therapy and Implant Dimensions

Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate prognostic parameters for the rehabilitation of mandibular continuity defects with free autologous bone and dental implants for patients after intraoral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Following potential prognostic factors for implant survival were analyzed: bony bed (local bone versus augmented iliac crest bone), radiation dose (no radiation, <50 Gy, ≥50 Gy) and implant dimensions. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates of the inserted implants were performed. Results: After 5 years, the cumulative survival rate of all investigated implants was 82.6%. Dental implantation into augmented bone resulted in a significantly lower survival rate (78.4%), compared to original local bone (92.8%). Modifications of implant dimensions as well as radiation therapy showed no significant impact on implant survival. Conclusion: For the investigated compromised collective, our results reveal a satisfactory long-term survival rate of dental implants even in augmented bone and underline the value of dental implantation for the functional rehabilitation of cancer patients.
Resistive Memory for Approximate Program Acceleration

The Internet of Things significantly increases the amount of data generated that strains the processing capability of current computing systems. Approximate computing can accelerate the computation and dramatically reduce the energy consumption with controllable accuracy loss. In this paper, we propose a Resistive Associative Unit, called RAU, which approximates computation alongside processing cores. RAU exploits the data locality with associative memory. It finds a row which has the closest distance to input patterns while considering the impact of each bit index on the computation accuracy. Our evaluation shows that RAU can accelerate the GPGPU computation by 1.15× and improve the energy efficiency by 36% at only 10% accuracy loss.
BISPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF SCALP ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAMS: QUADRATIC PHASECOUPLING PHENOMENON IN DETECTING BRAIN TUMOR

Since the power spectral analysis of a non-Gaussian process generated by a nonlinear mechanism e.g., E EG, does not provide much information on the underlying nonlinear dynamics due to the lack of phase information, the higher-order statistics such as th e bispectra are used to better understand the under lying nonlinear dynamics e.g., the quadratic phase coupli ng phenomena. The quadratic phase couplings have been observed in the EEG by the researchers over a decad e for many diagnostic applications such as epilepsy , sleep, mental states. This study discusses the use of bispectral analysis of the EEG recorded from the posterior region of the head of the brain tumor pat ient in quantifying the quadratic phase couplings t o indicate the presence of the tumor. The Bicoherence Index (BCI) or simply the Bicoherence (BIC) has be en used for the purpose. Self-couplings (around 27-52% ) in the [8-13] Hz (alpha) band and phase couplings (around 23-42%) in the [1-8] Hz (delta-theta) band have been observed for the normal subjects while on ly self-couplings (around 0.05) to the BIC in discriminating the brain tumor case from the nor mal one.
RAIDs Performance evaluation based on Queuing Theory and Fuzzy Queue Theory

In today's computer architectures, the con guration of the storage system as well as the distribution of blocks within them have a big impact on the system's performance. Different RAIDs levels can have a signi cant in uence on cost, reliability, scalability as well as performance. In this paper, we propose a basic fuzzy queueing model (M/M/1) to evaluate the fuzzy arrival rate as well as the fuzzy service rate of a disk under uncertainty conditions. Also, we propose a way to model some RAIDs levels. In particular, a RAID 0 array containing N disks is modeled as N distincts M/M/1 fuzzy queues, considering that requests are distributed properly across the N disks. Given its characteristics of RAID 1 array, a RAID 1 array is modeled as an M/M/2 fuzzy queue when a read-only workload take place whereas for a writeonly workload, it is modeled as an M/M/1 queue. With respect to a RAID 4 containing N disks, a read-only workload is modeled as N-1 distincts systems and a write-only workload is modeled as a M/M/1 fuzzy queue. With this particular approach it is possible also to determine such important performance parameters as the average time a job spends in the fuzzy queue, the average number of jobs in the fuzzy queue, the probability of having a given number of jobs in the fuzzy queue as well as the average response time. Index TermsQueue Theory,Fuzzy Queue Theory.
Steering whilst rowing: governing and managing health services from the centre.

PURPOSE The article seeks to explore the practical and theoretical implications of the ways in which senior figures in the National Health Service (NHS) interpret the role of the centre in relation to the delivery units of the health service. This is important in the light of recent plans for reorganisation of the NHS advanced by the new Conservative-Liberal coalition government. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The article is based on interviews with civil servants and NHS staff at senior levels in the centre and in the strategic health authorities (SHAs). FINDINGS It is found that, in practice, despite numerous attempts to separate out policy making from implementation/management, the two continue to be closely coupled and intertwined. Central staff and regional officials are found to be both steering and rowing. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS Only a small selection of senior officials at the centre and only a small proportion of SHA senior managers and directors were interviewed. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The implications are far-reaching. Unless special steps are taken, it seems likely that these senior officials, despite the creation of some new institutions and the curtailment of others, will continue to behave in broadly similar ways to those described here. ORIGINALITY/VALUE Empirical studies of the thinking, assumptions and behaviour of very senior officials in the health service are rare. The analysis in this paper explores the organisational conditions that shape the actions of these senior players.
Uma abordagem sistêmica para o desenvolvimento de projeto cartográfico com parte do processo de comunicação

Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem sistemica para o desenvolvimento de projetos cartograficos, na qual todas as etapas estao concretamente inseridas no processo de comunicacao cartografica. Esta abordagem se diferencia das proposicoes encontradas na literatura por iniciar o desenvolvimento do projeto pela construcao da sobreposicao de conhecimento entre o cartografo e o usuario dos mapas. O resultado esperado e a propria comunicacao cartografica, ao inves de mapas para os quais seus usos possam resultar numa comunicacao eficiente. Assim, a eficiencia da comunicacao cartografica nao e entendida como uma possibilidade, mas sim como uma condicionante das decisoes de projeto. Para que isto ocorra o projeto tem inicio com o estudo do desenvolvimento intelectual e da formacao profissional do usuario, e das tarefas que ele ou ela realizara para as quais necessita de mapas. O conhecimento adquirido nesta primeira etapa do projeto e utilizado para estabelecer os conteudos a serem mapeados, e, portanto os mapas a serem contruidos sao definidos durante o processo do projeto. Esta abordagem se diferencia das proposicoes encontradas na literatura especializada em Cartografia porque considera que o conhecimento sobre o usuario e de suas demandas ou necessidades e a primeira tarefa a ser realizada, e nao simplesmente uma condicionante do projeto.
A Study of the Effects of Intertextuality Awareness on Reading Literary Texts: The Case of Short Stories

Intertextuality can be generally defined as the influence and presence of previous texts in the construction of the present one; it shows the internal relations of a text with all other relating texts (Booker, 1996; Halliday, 2003). The consensus is that no text is a complete creation of its author; rather, it is constructed through the process of interconnections of textual elements of the relating texts and the author’s creativity. In literary texts, intertextuality plays crucial roles (Abrams, 1993: 185-6; Peck and Coyle, 2002: 143). The author, un/consciously appeals to intertextual elements, elaborates them in his artistic career and creativity to create the intended text—prose/poetry. Accordingly, in reading literature, being aware of intertextuality seems to be important in better understanding of the text. The present paper studies possible effects of intertextuality awareness on reading literary texts—short stories. To this end, a group of 25 homogeneous students of English literature at Arak University, Iran, were asked to take part in the study. Two short stories, as tasks of elicitation, were first given to them as pretest to read and answer the questions. Then, after 6 sessions of treatments relating to intertextuality, its features and examples, they were given the same stories, as posttest, to read and answer the questions. Their answers in both pre- and post tests were scored by two raters, and then compared. The results revealed strong effects of intertextuality awareness on reading the texts. Possible causes of the results along with the implications of the findings are discussed. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013. v3n2p155
Design and Simulation of HTS Coils With a New Structure for an Inductive Pulsed Power Generator

Inductive pulsed power supplies (PPS) attract attention from several research institutions and scholars since the energy density of inductors is approximately one order of magnitude higher than that of capacitors. To effectively improve the output current of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) PPS and lower requirements for the switch, research studies have been done on STRETCH meat grinder circuit with HTS coils as an inductive module of XRAM. This paper mainly discusses the possibility of HTS coils applying to the STRETCH meat grinder as one of the fundamental research for PPS. With the characteristics of strong mechanical properties, high Ic, and low loss, HTS wire has become sufficiently available to build prototypes and practical instruments. This paper proposes a new coil winding structure that makes HTS coils applicable to the STRETCH meat grinder. Simulation results show that the transposition method can obtain a relative even current distribution in HTS parallel coils. By using the HTS magnet in the STRETCH meat grinder, maximum pulse current amplitude of 625 A can be obtained with a current multiplication factor of 5.2. Compared with the simulation results, experiments will be taken in the near future to verify the feasibility of the proposed coil structure and will be described in detail in further research work.
Response: DNA Looping and Lac Repressor—CAP Interaction

1. M. Lewis et al., Science 271, 1247 (1996). 2. S. C. Schultz, G. C. Shields, T. A. Steitz, ibid. 253, 1001 (1991). 3. S. Oehler, M. Amouyal, P. Kolkhof, B. von WilckenBergmann, B. Muller-Hill, EMBO J. 13, 3348 (1994). 4. S. Zinkel and D. Crothers, Biopolymers 29, 29 (1 990). 5. J. M. Hudson and M. G. Fried, J. Mol. Biol. 214, 381 (1 990). 6. A. Schmitz, Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 277 (1981). 7. W. Gilbert, J. Majors, A. Maxam, in Dahlem Workshop on Organization and Expression of Chromosomes, V. Allfrey, E. Bautz, B. McCarthy, R. Schimke, A. Tissieres, Eds. (Abakon, Berlin, 1976), pp. 167-176. 8. M. Fried and D. Crothers, NucleicAcids Res. 9, 6505 (1981); J. Mol. Biol. 172, 241 (1984). 9. The sequence of the displacement site lacks obvious homology with known operators, and we have no evidence for its occupancy by repressor in the absence of CAP. 10. The downstream margin of DNase protection at site Cl and its characteristic hypersensitive sites were unchanged, suggesting that the CAP-DNA interaction is not perturbed by repressor binding at 03. In contrast, in the C2-O1 region, the CAP footprint was replaced by that of repressor and a diffuse region of protection appeared downstream of 01 A detailed analysis of these effects will be presented elsewhere. 11. A. Maxam and W. Gilbert, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 560 (1977).
The Learning of Linear and Nonlinear Functions in Younger and Older Adults

The performance of 192 adults in a functional learning task containing four types of cue-criterion relations—direct, inverse, U-shaped, and inverse-U-shaped—was compared. The ability of these adults at extrapolating learning to situations containing more extreme values than the ones in which it took place was also examined. Older participants (65–90-year-olds) were able to learn the nonlinear functions practically as well as younger participants (18–25- and 40–50-year-olds); they were also able to extrapolate well beyond the range of learned responses. When extrapolating, however, they frequently used a more limited range of responses than the younger participants.
All-Inkjet-Printed Organic Thin-Film Transistor Inverter on Flexible Plastic Substrate

We report an all-inkjet-printed inverter using two p-type organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) on a flexible plastic substrate. Metal-organic precursor-type silver ink, poly-4-vinylphenol solution, and 6,13-bis (triisopropylsilylethynyl)-pentacene solution were used to print gate and source/drain electrodes, gate-dielectric layer, and active semiconductor layer, respectively. By optimizing fabrication conditions, we obtained OTFTs with a mobility of 0.02 cm2/V·s, an on/off ratio of 104, and a threshold voltage of -1.2 V, and inverters with good switching performance showing a gain of 7.8 at a supply voltage of VDD = -40 V .
Audio Coding with Signal Adaptive Block based Filter Bank Switching

An improved efficiency perceptual audio codec is presented which analyzes each block of input signal and selects a suitable time/frequency mapping transform for it. The selection is based on statistics of the input signal vis-a-vis energy compaction and resolution power properties of the transforms employed which include the DFT (uniform subbands), DFT (critical subbands), DCT and CELP( for speech only blocks). The performance of the codec is compared with the widely famous MPEG-1 Layer-III algorithm. Efficiency enhancement is indicated by improved grades of subjective listening test for the proposed codec compared to those for MPEG-1 Layer-III at similar bit rates. The paper concludes with a discussion of future research implications of the work.
Impedance Control of a Redundant Parallel Manipulator

This paper presents the design of Impedance Control to a redundantly actuated Parallel Kinematic Manipulator. The proposed control is based on treating each limb as a single system and their connection through the internal interaction forces. The controller introduces a stiffness and damping matrices that decouples the dynamic behaviour of the robot. Control allocation of torques is applied through an optimization that promotes even distribution of torques over actuators. Simulations showed a good compliance behaviour in low frequencies.