Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPORT EXERCISE CAPACITY OF SOCCER PLAYERS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PERFORMANCE

The aim of the study is to compare the level of exercise capacities to the loads occurring at the lactate threshold among soccer players representing different levels of sport mastery. The research included 51 soccer players representing different levels of sport mastery. The research was conducted at the beginning of the preparatory period for the spring season. A field exercise test of increasing intensity was performed to check the players’ exercise capacities on the soccer pitch. The test enabled us to determine the 4 millimolar lactate threshold (TLA 4 mmol · l-1) on the basis of lactate concentration in blood (LA), and to define the threshold running speed and the threshold heart rate (HR). The lactate level in blood was measured using a Lactate Scout photometer with the enzymeamperometric method from capillary blood for 20 seconds after each load. The threshold running speed at the level of the 4 millimolar lactate threshold was marked using the two-point form of the equation of a straight line. The conducted tests showed significant differentiation of the threshold running speed among individual teams. The soccer players of a leading first league club were expected to achieve the best result. The conducted tests did not confirm this assumption. Juniors reached the highest threshold running speed of 3.61 m · s-1. Lower values of the analysed indicator were acquired by players of the first league team (3.50 m · s-1) and the lowest by players of the second league team (3.28 m · s-1). Statistically significant differences were noted between the junior group and second league team (p≤ 0.01) and between the first and the second league soccer players (p<0.05).
Attempted construction of a soxR::PsoxS::lacZ recombinant pBR322 plasmid as a sensitive reporter of internal reactive oxygen species in Escherichia coli DH5α

This study attempted to engineer an internal reactive oxygen species probe using lacZ expression driven by the soxS promoter in response to intracellular superoxide presence being sensed by SoxR. Using polymerase chain reaction amplification, soxR fused to the promoter of soxS (PsoxS) and lacZ amplicons were obtained. Double restriction digests and sticky-end ligations were then performed in an attempt to clone soxR::PsoxS::lacZ into the pBR322 plasmid vector. Following ligation, transformation of competent Escherichia coli DH5α by calcium chloride-heatshock transformation was performed, and resulting transformants were screened for the soxR::PsoxS::lacZ::pBR322 construct. Even though the amplicons were made, a successful ligation was not achieved. The lack of success in obtaining the desired construct prevented further examination of the potential of the proposed reactive oxygen species probe.
Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Guidance for Management

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) brings a new dimension to a previously well-described and understood organism. Although the most common clinical presentation of this organism is skin and soft-tissue infection, CA-MRSA can also cause, among other uncommon infections, a serious necrotizing pneumonia. Despite presently occurring in only a small proportion of patients presenting with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the associated significant morbidity and mortality makes this an important diagnosis for both respiratory and infection specialists to consider. Because of relatively low incidence, current evidence tends to be based on case series and in vitro studies. This review describes the emerging epidemiological data, clinical presentation, and current strategies to investigate and manage this potentially fatal disease. We compare a number of recent international guidelines to aid the physician with the investigation and management of CA-MRSA, including respiratory infection. The burden of these infections is likely to increase particularly in light of the potential link to influenza.
Reduction, Projection, and Simplification of Metabolic Networks

Systems biology is an interdisciplinary field of research that combines mathematics, computer science, and engineering in order to analyse biological processes. It has become more and more important in the last two decades, in particular because of successful applications for human health and biotechnology. It aims at simulating biological systems as mathematical models to support timeand cost-intensive research in laboratories. To do so, researchers create formalisms, algorithms, and techniques which can be widely used. One technique to obtain data describing biological entities is genome sequencing. Using modern high-throughput sequencing, increasing knowledge is gained about genomes which can then be used in order to reconstruct metabolic processes and networks of the organisms. Success does not come for free and data gathered with modern techniques is often too large to be analysed by hand. Therefore, methods which extract relevant information from data are in great demand. In this thesis, we introduce different methods which reduce given data in metabolic networks in a meaningful way. We present a technique which computes minimal metabolic subnetworks which are still able to satisfy predefined functionalities. We also develop a method to compute minimum sets of elementary flux modes which compose the network, where the size is significantly reduced compared to the whole set of elementary flux modes. Furthermore, we provide procedures that reduce the number of variables in a given problem in order to accelerate (already existing) algorithms by using information given by the data. Moreover, we develop a novel procedure to compute minimal cut sets on a projected network. This enables us to compute minimal cut sets of larger cardinality than before and to analyse larger networks. This projection of metabolic networks also gives rise to other applications such as computing minimal metabolic behaviours. Even though we apply and suit our methods to real metabolic systems, this thesis is focused on the mathematical methods. In order to create and prove the new techniques we make use of (mixed integer) linear optimisation, polyhedral cones, linear algebra, and oriented matroids.
Application study of 640-slice computed tomography low dose coronary angiography

Objective: The aim was to explore image quality and radiation dose in patients with different heart rates in 640-slice volume computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography by using tube voltage of 100 kV. Materials and Methods: The 220 consecutive patients clinically suspected or confirmed of coronary artery disease were divided into three groups: 67 cases in 1 beat group (heart rate <65 bpm); 134 cases in 2 beats group (65 bpm ≤heart rate <80 bpm); 19 cases in 3 beats group (heart rate >80 bpm). When scanning was completed, the best phase for coronary arteries would be chosen. Various postprocessing reconstructions of coronary arteries and branches, such as volume reconstruction (VR), maximum density projection, multiplanar reconstruction, curved surface reconstruction, were used. We classified image quality and made statistical analysis according to 4-grades method. We also compared scalability of coronary arterial segments and radiation doses between the groups. Results: There were no significant differences in the scalability of coronary arterial segments between the groups. Effective radiation doses of the three groups were (2.5±0.8) mSv, (8.4±3.1) mSv and (11.2±3.8)mSv. The radiation doses between the groups showed statistical difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion: 640-slice volume CT can be adapted to changes during heart rate, and ensure the image quality under the condition of 100 kV, and radiation doses were significantly reduced in patients with heart rate <65 bpm.
2-(6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)acetonitrile

In the title compound, C10H7ClN2, the carbonitrile group is twisted away from the plane of the indole ring system [Ccy—Cme—Car—Car = −44.7 (8)°; cy = cyanide, me = methylene and ar = aromatic]. In the crystal, N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the molecules into C(7) chains propagating in [010]. Aromatic π–π stacking interactions [minimum centroid–centroid separation = 3.663 (3) Å] are also observed.
A Fast Reduced-Space Algorithmic Framework for Sparse Optimization

Optimization is a crucial scientific tool used throughout applied mathematics. In optimization one typically seeks the lowest value of a chosen objective function from among a set of allowable inputs to that function, i.e., to compute a minimizer. Once an optimization problem is formulated for a particular task, an algorithm for locating a minimizer is employed. For many applications, the optimization problem may possess one or more solutions, some of which may not be desirable from the perspective of the application. In such settings, a popular approach is to augment the objective function through the use of regularization, which should be carefully chosen to ensure that solutions of the regularized optimization problem are useful to the application of interest. Perhaps the most popular type of regularization is `1-regularization in the last two decades. Motivation for incorporating `1-regularization is its sparsityinducing and shrinkage properties, which have demonstrated its utility in improving the interpretation and accuracy of model estimation in both theoretical and practical aspects. Many methods have been proposed for solving `1regularization problems. Roughly, there are first-order methods, which have small computational iteration complexity but often are inefficient on realistic applications, and second-order methods, which have large computational iteration complexity but are robust and efficient in terms of the number of iterations typically required.
Clinically occult metastases in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Detection with sentinel lymph node biopsy and whole body positron emission tomography

Overall, the disease-specific survival rate was 84.4% at 5 years. Sex, Breslow thickness, age and nodal status were independent prognostic factors for survival. SLNB revealed occult nodal metastases in 17% of the patients. There was no significant difference in disease-specific overall survival between SLNB patients and controls, but the nodal disease-free time was significantly longer, suggesting better local control after SLNB and subsequent completion lymph node dissection. The followup time was different between the study cohorts, and initial surgery was performed during different time periods. SLNB detected micrometastases in 7 out of 155 patients (4.5%) with thin T1 primary melanoma and in 4 out of 25 patients (16%) with head and neck melanoma. In 6 out of 30 asymptomatic patients with high-risk melanoma (20%), whole body PET detected occult distant metastases.
Glucose metabolism abnormalities after renal transplantation: studies on epidemiology, mechanisms and outcomes

Abnormal glucose metabolism, including new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT), is a common complication following kidney transplantation. Better understanding of the causes, associations, prediction and outcomes of NODAT in the modern era of kidney transplantation is essential. Our central hypothesis was that early NODAT is distinct from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and is due to factors unique to the transplant setting, of which the predominant factor is the use of specific immunosuppressive agents (calcineurin inhibitors-CNIs), and that traditional risk factors for T2DM are the more significant factors late after transplantation. In a series of observational studies, we found that recipient age, body mass index and baseline plasma glucose levels were associated with the development of NODAT, both early and late after transplantation. Exposure to tacrolimus and being transplanted in an older era were associated with early NODAT development, but had no effect on late NODAT. There was increasing insulin resistance but no compensatory increase in insulin secretion in patients developing NODAT, suggesting an effect of CNIs. In an observational study using paired oral glucose tolerance tests, there was worsening of glucose tolerance late after transplantation. Metabolic syndrome was a risk factor for this deterioration. Finally, in an epidemiological study, we show that immunosuppression regimens in Cardiff have evolved, with the introduction of induction therapy and tacrolimus as the CNI of choice. Blood tacrolimus levels, corticosteroid exposure and acute rejection rates were lower in a recent era of transplantation, as was the incidence of NODAT. NODAT developing within the first year, higher systolic blood pressure and higher serum creatinine level were all associated with increased mortality. In conclusion, traditional T2DM risk factors are important in causing both early and late NODAT, with a strong influence from immunosuppressive agents early after transplantation. NODAT and other cardiovascular risk factors were associated with mortality. Therefore, less diabetogenic immunosuppressive regimes and interventions to reduce hyperglycaemia may not improve mortality unless other cardiovascular factors are also managed simultaneously.
Occupational exposure to organic dust increases lung cancer risk in the general population

Objectives Organic dust is a mixture of particulate matter from microbial, plant or animal origin. Increased lung cancer risks have been reported for occupations with exposure to animal products (eg, butchers), while exposure to microbial components (eg, endotoxin) has been associated with decreased lung cancer risks. To date there has not been a comprehensive evaluation of the possible association between organic dust exposure and its specific constituents and lung cancer risk in the general population. Methods The SYNERGY project pooled information on lifetime work histories and smoking from 13 300 lung cancer cases and 16 273 controls from 11 case-control studies conducted in Europe and Canada. A job exposure matrix for exposure to organic dust, endotoxin, and contact with animals or fresh animal products was applied to determine level of exposure. ORs for lung cancer were estimated by logistic regression, adjusted for age, gender, study, cigarette pack-years, time-since-quitting smoking, and ever employment in occupations with established lung cancer risk. Results Organic dust exposure was associated with increased lung cancer risk. The second to the fourth quartile of cumulative exposure showed significant risk estimates ranging from 1.12 to 1.24 in a dose-dependent manner (p-value <.0001). This association remained after restricting analyses to subjects without a history of COPD or asthma. No association was observed between lung cancer and exposure to endotoxin or contact with animals or animal products. Conclusions Occupational exposure to organic dust was associated with increased lung cancer risk in the general population.
Prevalence and Epidemiology of Onychomycosis

The prevalence of onychomycosis has been estimated at approximately 6.48% (95% confidence interval 6.09–6.88%) within the Canadian population. Dermatophytes are the most commonly cultured organisms, appearing in approximately 75 to 91% of nails with fungal involvement, with Trichophyton rubrum and Tricophyton mentagrophytes most commonly isolated. However, Candida spp and nondermatophyte molds are also sometimes cultured. The most common presentation is distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO), which can involve 75% of patients with pedal onychomycosis. The distribution of DLSO, superficial white onychomycosis, and proximal subungual onychomycosis (PSO) has been reported to be 360:59:1 in patients with mycologic confirmation of onychomycosis; however, some reported that the incidence of PSO is slightly higher in immunocompromised individuals. Age, gender, family history, and the presence of tinea pedis are all elements associated with a nail fungal infection. In addition, many conditions, including diabetes mellitus, immune disorders, and vascular disease, have been associated with the presence of onychomycosis. When choosing the best treatment regimen for individuals with onychomycosis, it is very important to consider all of the factors involved, including the infecting species, the presentation of the disease, the level of disease progression, and its predisposing factors.
A systematic review protocol on the use of online learning versus blended learning for teaching clinical skills to undergraduate health professional students

Abstract Aim: This paper is a review protocol that will be used to identify, critically appraise and synthesise the best current evidence relating to the use of online learning and blended learning approaches in teaching clinical skills in undergraduate health professionals. Background: Although previous systematic reviews on online learning vs. face to face learning have been undertaken a systematic review on the impact of online learning and blended learning for teaching clinical skills has yet to be considered in undergraduate health professionals. By reviewing the students’ online learning experiences, systems can potentially be designed to ensure all health professional students’ are supported appropriately to meet their learning needs. Methods/design: The key objectives of the review are to evaluate how online learning teaching strategies assist students learn; to evaluate the students’ satisfaction with this form of teaching; to explore the variety of online learning strategies used; to determine what online learning strategies are more effective and to determine if supplementary face to face instruction enhances learning. A search of the following databases will be made MEDLINE, CINAHL, BREI, ERIC and AUEI. This review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance for systematic reviews of quantitative and qualitative research. Conclusion: This systematic review protocol intends to support the undertaking of a systematic literature review which will report on a combination of student experience and learning outcomes therefore increasing its utility for educators and curriculum developers involved in health care education.
Calculi

in size from that of a barleycorn to a large pea. During the last twelve months no calculi have been discharged; at the same time the sufferings of the patient, from distinct symptoms of stone in the bladder, have become very severe. The only common symptom absent in this case is the abrupt stop to the stream of urine during its discharge. On sounding the patient soon after admission, Mr. Key ascertained that the symptoms depended on numerous calculi, rather small insize: he thought the bladder might contain twelve or fifteen of them, and that their size probably admitted of removal by the urethra, which was the more desirable as the patient's ill state of health entirely forbad the operation of lithotomy. His appearance was that of a previously hale man, now suffering severely from disease: his system was feverish and irritable from
2,4-Bis(4-bromophenyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one

The title compound, C20H19Br2NO, shows a chair–chair conformation for the azabicycle with an equatorial disposition of the 4-bromophenyl groups [dihedral angle between the aromatic rings = 16.48 (3)°]. In the crystal, a short Br⋯Br contact [3.520 (4) Å] occurs and the structure is further stabilized by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯O interactions.
How Healthy ARE Our Seniors? Baseline Results from the Medicare Health Outcomes Survey

The Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), the federal agency that administers Medicare and Medicaid, monitors the quality of care provided by the managed care plans with which it contracts. To better evaluate this care and to provide beneficiaries with plan-toplan comparisons, HCFA is now requiring that plans participate in the Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (HOS). Formerly the Health of Seniors survey, HOS is the first patient-based outcome measure to assess the quality of care provided to the Medicare population in managed care settings. It is administered by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) as part of the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS), a set of standardized performance measures used to assess and compare the performance of health plans. This article will discuss the survey methodology, intended uses of the data, and survey results to date. The HOS Survey
The Well-Being and Self-Regulation Capacity of Physicians

Physician well-being has become an important area of interest given that reduced well-being can have a negative effect on patient outcomes. However, research has predominantly focused on impairment thus studies addressing physicians' positive functioning are limited. The purpose of this two-phase, mixed methods study was to investigate the well-being and self-regulation capacity of physicians using a positive psychology lens. In Phase 1, 132 physicians (n = 40 physicians; n = 92 resident physicians) completed online questionnaires to assess their levels of psychological and affective well-being and self-regulation capacity. Selected based on Phase 1 data, 12 physicians then took part in an in-depth individual interview in Phase 2 to discuss their experiences of psychological well-being and self-regulation. Results of Phase 1 showed that physicians and resident physicians had moderate and high levels of self-regulation capacity, respectively. While both groups reported high levels of psychological well-being, they had average levels of positive and negative affect. MANOVAs confirmed the hypothesis that high self-regulating physicians and resident physicians would have higher levels of psychological well-being and positive affect compared to those with lower levels. However, those with higher self-regulation capacity did not have lower negative affect, nor did physicians have significantly higher levels of psychological and affective well-being than resident physicians. Regression analyses confirmed the hypothesis that a significant amount of variance in levels of psychological well-being would be explained by self-regulation capacity. There was a particularly strong relationship between self-regulation capacity and the dimensions of purpose in life and environmental mastery, which suggests that physicians who effectively self-manage may be better able to preserve a sense of purpose and an adequate work-life balance in their daily life. A qualitative content analysis of the Phase 2 qualitative data revealed that physicians had both high and low functioning experiences of psychological well-being across the dimensions of
(E)-5-Methoxy-2-(o-tolyliminomethyl)phenol

In the title compound, C15H15NO2, the phenol group make dihedral angles of 2.4 (2) and 24.1 (9)° with the imine linkage (–C=N–) and the phenyl group, respectively, and the molecule adopts the enol–imine tautomeric form, so the molecular structure is stabilized by a strong intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond. The crystal structure features a weak C—H⋯π interaction.