Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stress analysis for fracturing potential of blind via in a build‐up substrate

Purpose – The submodeling technique is incorporated in a finite element analysis to investigate the stress state of blind vias of different structural configurations.Design/methodology/approach – The test vehicle is a multi‐chip module plastic ball grid array comprised of a four‐layer build‐up substrate. The calculated displacement field from the global model for the entire package is interpolated on the boundaries of the submodel, which involved the detailed structure of a blind via structure. Through the analysis, the potential of fracturing on the blind via is examined.Findings – From the analysis it was found that filled blind vias in general have a smaller potential for delamination compared to the unfilled ones. Moreover, symmetric blind via layouts with a blind via located at the center of the through hole appear to be the most appropriate design for this particular test vehicle.Originality/value – The value of the paper lies in its ability to provide insights into the prevention of fracturing of b.
The look ahead dispatching procedure

SUMMARY The look ahead dispatching procedure is an approximation method for solving the minimum makespan problem for job shops with routing flexibility. It is a dispatching procedure in the sense that each run of the procedure results in a specification of only one next operation for every machine in the system. The selection of these operations is based on a limited search in the space of possible states the system can reach within approximately twice the average cycle time. This search uses a newly developed representation of the state space, and a newly developed evaluation function. The results are considerably better than those obtained with ordinary priority dispatching rules. In the last section of the paper we discuss how this procedure can be used for the real time control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS).
Modelling and control of integrated PV-converter modules under partial shading conditions

It has been well-recognized that non-uniform solar irradiation of photovoltaic (PV) panels causes electrical mismatching of cells and may result in reduced output power and cell thermal breakdown. Bypass diodes are commonly used, but challenges exist into obtaining the maximum power point tracking in these partially shaded PV panels for each weather condition. This is due to that there are multiple peak power points present in their Power-Voltage characteristic curves which makes difficult to locate the global maximum power point. The work presented in this thesis studies in detail the converter topologies and control methods which can be used in the PV power generation systems to overcome effectively the shortcomings caused by partial shading. The proposed topology is an integrated bi-directional Cuk converter and PV-panel module. The particular example investigated includes two PV panels connected across two terminals of the Cuk converter. The features of this system in power harness are studied under partial shading conditions, its superior performance in power generation is demonstrated through simulation and practical tests. The generated power is 30% higher than that from a two PV panel system using only bypass diodes. To develop the control schemes for the above system a detailed study was performed leading to the derivation of the transfer function model describing the dynamic responses of voltages across the two PV panels corresponding to the variations of converter switch duty ratio. Experimental verification of this confirms that the model is sufficiently accurate for the application of controller design and tests. A novel maximum power point tracking scheme is developed. This consists of a switching selection scheme and a model based on an optimal control algorithm. The former determines which switch-diode pair in the bidirectional Cuk converter to be active according to measured light levels on each PV panel and the ability to predict the optimal voltage values across the individual PV panels under any practical irradiance and temperature levels. The performance of the controller is tested in simulation as well as in practice under various modes of partial shading, all giving desired results in achieving the maximum power generation. The final contribution lies in the design and construction of an experimental prototype consisting of an inner bidirectional Cuk converter across two PV panels and a terminal boost converter, controlled by DSP-based microcontroller. This setup enables further development and verification of the control schemes for this integrated converter and PV-panel system. Keywords: Photovoltaic Systems, Partial Shading, Cuk Converter, DC-DC Power Converters, Solar Power Generation, Maximum Power Point Tracking, Bypass Diode.
Diffractive optical elements: past, present, and future

Diffractive optical elements are rapidly finding their way into many practical optical systems, and this has given rise to a spurt of research and developmental activities in this area. IN this paper, the history of these elements is first traced to get a perspective on their current state-of-the- art. The important features of this rapidly advancing field are then identified so that one does not get lost and can easily stick to one's guns while browsing through the maze of publications. Finally a glimpse of the fascinating future trends is given to stimulate further interest in the area.
Comparison of Machine Learning Models and Framingham Risk Score for the prediction of the presence and severity of Coronary Artery Diseases by using Gensini Score

Background: The risk prediction model for cardiovascular conditions based on the routine information isn’t established. Machine Learning (ML) models offered opportunities to build a promising and accurate prediction system for the presence and severity of Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD). Methods: In order to compare the validation of ML models to Framingham Risk Score (FRS), a total of 2608 inpatients (1669 men, 939 women; mean age 63.16 ± 10.72 years) at our hospital from January 2015 to July 2017 were extracted from electronic medical system with 29 attributes. Four different ML algorithms (Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)) were acted to build models, based on eight core risk factors and all factors respectively. The Area Under Curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve was the significant value to show the prediction power for different models. Results: According to the AUC, all of ML algorithms had a better prediction validation than FRS for the presence of CAD, specifically, FRS<LR<RF<KNN<ANN (FRS variables) and FRS<LR=RF=KNN<ANN (all variables). Additionally, ANN could be the best model to predict the presence of CAD (AUC 0.82, Accuracy 0.74). For the severity, only ANN (AUC 0.70, Accuracy 0.65) in the ML models could have a better prediction than FRS (AUC 0.59, Accuracy 0.62). The other three models didn’t get a better AUC than FRS. Conclusions: Compared to an established FRS prediction algorithm, we found all the ML models had a better prediction validation than FRS for the presence of CAD, moreover, ANN had a better prediction than FRS for the severity of CAD.
Assessing the economic and environmental performance of municipal solid waste collection and sorting programmes

The objective of this paper is to assess the economic and envi ronmental performance of municipal multi-material waste collection and sorting programmes, and their contribution to sustainable development. These programmes collect and sort household waste in order to recover materials that are consid ered to be desirable "outputs" of the process. However, recov ery procedures also generate "undesirable outputs" such as pollution, noise and residues. To account for different aspects in a performance measure, the concept of "productive effi ciency" is used. The feasibility of a non-parametric approach to productive efficiency is illustrated and substantiated, including economic and environmental variables in assessing the performances of nine waste collection and sorting pro grammes from European municipalities.
Coupled microphone-accelerometer sensor pair for dynamic noise reduction in MMG signal recording

External noise sources such as movement artefact may interfere with mechanomyography (MMG) signal recording, compromising signal detection for electrically-powered prosthesis control. A novel coupled microphone-accelerometer sensor pair, intended to facilitate noise reduction, was designed and tested on a below-elbow amputee. Sample recordings demonstrate clear distinction between motion artefact and useful MMG signals.
Vision-based measurement of microassembly forces

This work describes a vision-based force sensing method for measuring microforces acting upon the jaws of passive, compliant microgrippers, used to construct 3D microstructures. The importance of jaw force measurement during microassembly is to confirm that the microgripper–micropart makes a successful grasp and to protect the microparts and microgripper from excessive forces which may lead to damage during the assembly process. Finite-element analysis of the microgripper is performed to determine the relation between the displacement and the resultant forces of its jaw. The resulting nearly linear force–displacement relationship is fitted to a first-degree equation. A mathematical model of the microgripper system validated this force–displacement relation. The proposed vision-based gripper force measurement techniques determine the deflections of the microgripper jaws during the microassembly process. The deflections in the gripper jaws are measured during the microassembly processes through computation of the relative displacements of the right and left microgripper jaws with respect to the microgripper base. Two approaches are proposed. The first approach uses pattern identification to measure these relative displacements. Two-dimensional pattern identification is performed using normalized cross-correlation to estimate the degree to which the image and pattern are correlated. The second approach uses object recognition and image processing methods, such as zero-crossing Laplacian of Gaussian edge detection and region filling. Experiments performed confirm the success of both approaches in measuring the microgripper jaw deflections and therefore the assembly forces.
Damage Mechanics Application on Destroyed Steel Bridge

In the present paper the way of determination of elastic parameters of the bodyweakened by elliptical voids is presented. Starting from arbitrary placed single elliptical void inplane sheet, decrease of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio is obtained. After that, usingstatistical distribution of voids, the decrease of overall elastic constants is found. In thisprocedure there are two ways, Taylor and Self-consistent model. In the first method interactionof defects is ignored, while in the second, so-called weak interaction is incorporated. Bothmethods are applied for small concentration of defects. In the paper it is shown that cracks andcircles are special cases of the model derived in this study. Such obtained model is applied fordetermination of stiffness of steel members of the truss of bridge destroyed during lust war byshrapnel of bombshells. Such calculated stiffness is input for static and dynamic analysis ofbridges using FEM. This approach is applied for analysis of The Pivnica Bridge, across TheIbar River, on the railway track Belgrade-Thessaloniki, destroyed during lust war. It is shownthat with increasing a damage of members of the bridge the time period of free vibrations isincreasing to, while natural frequency is decreasing.
Faculty perceptions about using a learning management system : a case study

Learning management systems (LMSs) are an important component of most universities. However, in some universities there are clusters of faculty who do not make use of LMSs. An LMS is a component of technology - a driver for enhanced learning and teaching. This study investigated the dominant faculty attitudes towards integration of an LMS into teaching and learning, since successful implementation of an LMS in an institution starts with instructors/lecturers embracing the system, which in turn initiates and promotes students' use of an LMS. Faculty perceptions of an LMS and factors or constructs that may influence their use or intention to use one were explored. An online survey questionnaire was sent to all faculty members within a faculty that services teacher education within the university. A quantitative approach was employed, using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. Descriptive and inferential statistics were determined and responses to the open-ended survey questions analysed. While, members of faculty were keen to adopt or tried to use the LMS, they had reservations about whether conditions existed to fully support its use in their teaching. The technology competence was perceived to be insufficient, which could be a contributor to the slow adoption of the LMS. Faculty managers must encourage and foster the use of LMSs by staff, this will have a positive ripple effect on student and mentor teachers and learners at large.
Estimating Costs for Treatment Plant Construction

Preliminary cost estimates can be used to compare the economics of various treatment processes or the costs of major project components. Such estimates do not, however, represent the actual construction and operation and maintenance costs of the project. Actual project costs are site-specfic, cannot be generalized, and must be developed for individual circumstances.
Force feedback teleoperation with physiological motion compensation

Abstract In medical and surgical robotized applications one of the most recurrent problems is the physiological motion of the patient. Specifically, respiratory motion can have a large amplitude and thus prevent accurate gestures. So, for a robot which interacts with a patient, it is obvious that being able to compensate physiological motion would be interesting. In this work, the hypothesis that motion is cyclic has been made. The task we deal with is the case in which the slave robot is in contact with the environment. In our team, a predictive controller which includes a repetitive model of the disturbance has already been used in the case of an a-priori known reference and without contact. The aim of this work is to study the efficiency of this controller in a teleoperation scheme with a cyclic environment and a contact task.
Development of IR-based short-range communication techniques for swarm robot applications

This paper proposes several designs for a reliable infra-red based communication techniques for swarm robotic applications. The communication system was deployed on an autonomous miniature mobile robot (AMiR), a swarm robotic platform developed earlier. In swarm applications, all participating robots must be able to communicate and share data. Hence a suitable communication medium and a reliable technique are required. This work uses infrared radiation for transmission of swarm robots messages. Infrared transmission methods such as amplitude and frequency modulations will be presented along with experimental results. Finally the effects of the modulation techniques and other parameters on collective behavior of swarm robots will be analyzed.
Influence of current frequency on the dynamic voltage/current characteristics of vacuum arcs

Measurements of arc voltage were carried out for sinusoidal current wave with frequency from 50 Hz to 6.0 kHz and peak currents up to 13 kA. The plain CuCr butt contacts at fixed gap lengths of 2 and 10 mm were used. The obtained characteristics enabled to state that: (a) the shape and value of the arc voltage during the half cycle sinusoidal current flow depend on the current amplitude and frequency as well as on electrode spacing; (b) the instantaneous current value of high-amplitude fluctuations (HAF) onset in arc voltage, increase with current amplitude and frequency increase; and (c) the arc voltage beyond the range of HAF occurrence is greater, at the same instantaneous value of the current, for higher current frequency; it is also greater during the current increase than its decrease. The qualitative correlations between the measured vacuum arc voltage and an expected discharge mode have been presented.
Application of CFD-Based Analysis Technique for Design and Optimization of Gas Turbine Combustors

The design and operational development of gas turbine combustors is a complex process, involving a great volume of design and experimental work. The application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods allows to lower the volume of experimental works on operational development of combustors and to make changes to the design of combustion chambers on early design stages. In this paper the application of commercial CFD package CFX-TASCflow for calculation of flow structure and analysis of nitric oxide formation process in the combustion chamber of the PS-90A gas turbine and its modifications is considered. The results of the analysis show, that the basic determinative criterion of a nitric oxide emission level is the residence time of a combustion products in high-temperature zones. With help of this criterion, an optimization of the PS-90A combustion chamber was performed. A design of an optimized combustion chamber allows to achieve a low level of nitric oxide emissions.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Hearing Instrument Technology for the Hearing Healthcare Professional

Hearing Instrument Technology for the Hearing Healthcare Professional, 2E brings together modern material for the highly specialized are of hearing instrument acousticians in hearing instrument technology. Beginning with an overview of hearing instrument technology from the beginning to the "digital" era, the text covers hearing instrument types and statistics on these instruments, hearing instrument measurements, transducers, acoustic modifications, hearing instrument functions, accessories, and troubleshooting, digital hearing instruments, and audiological background.
Lateral vibration analysis of continuous bridges utilizing equal displacement rule

The application of equal displacement rule simplifies the evaluation of lateral displacement demand forSDOF system. For complex multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structures such as continuous bridge systems, however, it requires more investigations. In this paper, a comprehensive parametric study of the ratio of maximum inelastic displacement to maximum elastic displacement for typical continuous bridges is performedto advance the application of equal displacement rule to MDOF systems. Particurlarly for the bridges with long periods, this adapted methodlogy is further simplified. It is concluded that equal displacement rule of MDOF is applicable to continuous bridges when the periods of the main modes are no less than the limiting period, which usually serves as an indication to the level of inelastic deformation for a bridge subjected to an earthquake.
Broadband and size‐reduced microstrip antenna with double T‐feed for UHF RFID tags

A novel radio frequency identification tag antenna at 915 MHz using a bent meandered strip, a U‐microstrip patch and an adjustable double T‐feed is proposed, which is suitable for attaching to dry objects with various content. The antenna's size is 21.2 × 63.0 mm2. The antenna achieves 400 MHz bandwidths, 1.60 dBi gains, and a good radiation pattern. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2697–2699, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26332
Study of the Relationship among Economic Growth, Export and Energy Consumption in China

This paper uses co-integration theories and Granger causality test method to analyze the inter-linkages among China's economic growth, export and energy consumption within a unified analytical framework. The results show that there exists a long-term equilibrium relationship between economic growth, exports and energy consumption, and economic growth and exports both promote energy consumption in the long term. Furthermore, there exist bi-directional Granger causality between economic growth and energy consumption, export and energy consumption respectively.
A Comparison of Computational Methods for Instantaneous Frequency and Group Delay of Discrete-Time Signals

A unified treatment of various computational methods for estimating the instantaneous frequency and the group delay of discrete-time signals is given. Direct, phase-based methods are compared with the newer moment methods. Instantaneous frequency and group delay are related to certain moments of the signal or its Fourier transform, and they also are first-order moments of the Wigner-Ville distribution of the signal. Because instantaneous frequency and group delay are mathematical duals of one another, an algorithm suitable for estimating one can be used, with a simple interchange of time and frequency variables, to estimate the other. The performance of these several different methods is assessed by applying them to a wide variety of representative test signals such as, for example, chirps, tone bursts, as well as more complicated signals, such as linear-phase bandpass, minimum-phase low-pass, and all-pass filter responses. In general the moment methods are superior to the phase-based methods because they avoid phase unwrapping errors and approximate digital differentiations. Instantaneous frequency and group delay time can be useful in identifying the moment-to-moment frequency content of an evolving signal and the arrival time of frequency components of the signal's spectrum, respectively.
One Method to Determine the Optimal Maintenance Time Based on Selective Attrition

In the process of equipment fault evolution, equipment's attrition probability is different, namely selective attrition may be produced. This paper describes one method based on selective attrition, which achieves the aim of forecasting its optimal maintenance time by analyzing and handling the data of monitoring equipment. There are mainly two steps: first, get each part’s probability value of selective attrition under the current condition in use of association rule algorithm, then take the obtained probability value as the input, and get the optimal maintenance time through neural networks modeling. This method employs the real-time and dynamic decision-making method and adjusts the optimal maintenance time in real time according to the information in the equipment’s operating process, making it more conform to the actual condition. The feasibility of this method is showed by a simulation example.
An acoustic automotive engine oil quality sensor

A prototype model of an on-board automotive engine oil quality sensor is presented. The sensor utilizes changes in oil viscosity as an indicator of the oil quality. The sensor is capable of differentiating between engine oils of different grades and monitoring the degradation processes of oils due to their use in automotive engines and due to artificial contamination by dilution with water, ethylene glycol, and gasoline.
Based on the CO2 Gas Shielded Welding Molten Pool Image Edge Detection Algorithm

This paper use the passive vision system through high-speed camera collects molten pool images; and then according to the frequency domain characteristics of the weld pool image Butterworth low-pass filter; gradient method for image enhancement obtained after pretreatment. Research Roberts, Sobel, Prewitt, Log, Zerocross, and Canny 6 both traditional differential operator edge detection processing results. Through comparison and analysis of choosing threshold for [0.1, 0. Canny operator can get the ideal molten pool edge character, for subsequent welding molten pool defect recognition provides favorable conditions.