Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Work Environment, Workplace Support and Individual-Related Factors on Burnout Experience of Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction: Nurses worldwide are facing hardships during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims: To examine the impact of work environment, workplace support and individual-related factors on burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in a hospital in Singapore that nursed confirmed and suspected COVID-19 patients between 12 March and 25 May 2020. An email invitation was sent to all nurses to participate in an online survey. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine associations between burnout and work environment, workplace support and individual-related factors. Results: 855 nurses responded to the survey. Compared to nurses working in low-risk areas, nurses in high-risk areas had 1.6 times higher risk of burnout (95% CI: 1.072 – 2.454; p=0.022). Perceiving lack of teamwork (OR = 1.630, 95% CI: 1.067– 2.492, p=0.024), not feeling appreciated (OR = 14.811, 95% CI: 3.520 – 62.328, p<.001) and poor self-rated health (OR=0.348, 95% CI: 0.264-0.460, p<.001) were associated with burnout. Discussion: Nurses working in high-risk areas, such as wards are designated for acute respiratory infections patients, are at higher risk of experiencing burnout. Implications for practice: Nurses in high-risk areas would benefit from interventions that build physical health and esprit de corps to prevent burnout.
Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Infrared Emitting PbS and PbSe Quantum Dots

The optical properties of small band gap, colloidal quantum dots are presented, with the special emphasis put on the measurements of their nonlinear optical properties in the infrared region of spectra. In particular, two types of colloidal quantum dots (PbS and PbSe), with the first exciton absorption band maxima in the near-infrared region of spectra, were investigated using a tunable femtosecond laser system and the Z-scan technique. The measurements of closed- and open-aperture Z-scan traces allowed for the calculation of real and imaginary parts of cubic nonlinearity, which were presented as appropriate cross sections used to characterize the nonlinear refractive and absorptive properties of the studied quantum dots. The maximum two-photon absorption cross section values taken for a single quantum dot were found to be ∼2400 GM (Goeppert-Mayer units) at 1300 nm and ∼15 500 GM at 1700 nm, for PbS and PbSe QDs, respectively. PbS quantum dots showed two-photon induced emission upon infrared excitation. T.
Up in the air: drone images reveal underestimation of entanglement rates in large rorqual whales

Entanglement in fishing gear is a significant threat to many cetaceans. For the 2 largest species, the blue whale Balaenoptera musculus and the fin whale B. physalus, reports of entangled individuals are rare, leading to the assumption that entanglements are not common. Studies of interaction with fisheries in other species often rely on the presence of scars from previous entanglements. Here, scar detection rates were first examined in humpback Megaptera novaeangliae, fin and blue whales using standard vessel-based photo-identification photographs collected between 2009 and 2016 in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. We then examined aerial images of fin whales collected with a drone in 2018 and 2019 and compared both methods. Entanglement rates were 6.5% for fin and 13.1% for blue whales using photo-identification images of individuals. Prominent scarring was observed around the tail and caudal peduncle, visible only when animals lifted those body sections above water when diving. For the small subset of pictures which captured the entire caudal peduncle, entanglement rates ranged between 60% for blue and 80% for fin whales. This result was similar to the 85% entanglement rate estimated in humpback whales. The assessment of aerial-based photography yielded an entanglement rate of 44.1 to 54.7% in fin whales. Scars were always around the peduncle, often the tail, rarely the dorsal fin and never around the pectoral fins, while the mouth cannot be examined from above. Thus, in species that do not regularly expose their tail or peduncle, aerial imagery is the preferred method to quantify entanglement rates by assessment of scars.
Preservice Science Teachers’ Opinions on E-Exams

With the developing information technologies in the new century, changes are experienced in every area of life and its reflections are seen in different areas. One of its reflections in the field of education is the E-exams, which have been used as an alternative to paper-pencil exams for years. Academic studies are needed for the integration of e-exams in the field of education and training. Thus, this new technology can be used efficiently in the field of education. Students' views, which are at the center of education and training, are of special importance for the proper use of the e-exam. In this study, how the student views on E-exam applications in science education is examined. The study was carried out with students studying science at higher education level. As a data collection tool, a prepared questionnaire form was used. As a result of the findings obtained, it was revealed that student views towards E-exam in science education were significantly positive and that E-exam instead of K-exam was positively welcomed by the student.
MicroRNA-221 promotes tumor progression by targeting HHIP in human glioblastoma

Background MicroRNAs are found to be aberrantly expressed in multiple cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM), and microRNA-221 (miR-221) has been verified as an oncogene in various human cancers. Nevertheless, the role of miR-221 in GBM is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the miR-221 expression level in GBM and to evaluate its function and underlying mechanisms. Methods Western blotting and qPCR were used to determine the expression of human hedgehog-interacting protein (HHIP) and miR-221 levels. MiR-221-inhibited cell models were constructed, and siRNA was used for HHIP silencing. Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT and colony formation assays and a subcutaneous xenograft model. Cell migration and invasion was analyzed by wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. A dual luciferase reporter assay system was used to clarify the relationship between miR-221 and HHIP. Results The results of this study revealed that miR-221 expression was upregulated in GBM tissues and A172, U251, as well as T98G cells, as detected by real-time PCR analysis. MTT, Transwell, and colony formation assays revealed that miR-221 knockdown could suppress GBM cells from proliferating, migrating, and invading in vitro. Moreover, animal experiments showed that tumor growth in vivo was inhibited when miR-221 expression decreased. Furthermore, HHIP was predicted and verified to be a target of miR-221 by bioinformatics analysis, and luciferase and western blot assays. In addition, HHIP silencing rescued the suppressive effect of a miR-221 inhibitor on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells. Conclusions Our results indicated that miR-221 is upregulated in GBM and enhances tumor progression by targeting HHIP, which suggests this may be a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
The Effect of Visionary leadership on Employee’s Innovation in King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan

The purpose of this study is to explore how visionary leadership effects employee’s innovation in King Abdullah University Hospital located in Irbid, Jordan. A survey was conducted on 92 managers in King Abdullah University Hospital. Hierarchical regression was used to model the effect of visionary leadership on employee’s innovation through its internal and external elements. The internal elements are knowledge and imagination, and the external elements are resources and culture. The results show that visionary leadership improved employee’s innovation in King Abdullah University Hospital. Moreover, the elements of employee’s innovation (knowledge, imagination, resources and culture) are improved also by visionary leadership. To the best of our knowledge, we are not aware of any study that has previously investigated effects of visionary leadership on employee’s innovation, where this type of leadership style is recommended to enhance employee’s innovation; in King Abdullah University Hospital, visionary leadership is positively related with employee’s innovation and its elements.
Effect of Nanochitozan and Nanopropolis on Microtensile Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive to Dentin

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of nanopropolis and nanochitozan on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of universal adhesive to dentin. Materials and methods: Fifteen extracted sound human permanent molars were selected. Occlusal one-third of the tooth crowns was removed to expose the mid-coronal dentin. The teeth were randomly divided into three equal groups according to the pretreatment before application of the adhesive i.e. Group A: 1% nanochitozan was applied, group B: 1% nanopropolis was applied and group C: received no treatment (control). Universal adhesive Prime & BondTM was applied in the self- etch mode according to manufacturer's instructions. Composite build-ups were done using a specially fabricated split Teflon mold. After being kept in an incubator at 37°C for 24 hours, Teeth were sectioned to obtain beams with cross-sectional areas of about 1 mm × 1 mm. μTBS test was done using universal testing machine. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test were used to compare between more than two groups in non-related samples. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between (Group B) and each of (Group A) and (Group C) where (p=0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between (Group A) and (Group C) where (p=0.115). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study it could be concluded that, nanopropolis (conc 1%) enhance the immediate μTBS of Prime & BondTM universal adhesive to dentin. Nanochitozan (conc 1%) did not improve the μTBS of Prime & Bond TM universal adhesive to dentin.
Light emitting silica nanostructures by surface functionalization of diatom algae shells with a triethoxysilane-functionalized π-conjugated fluorophore

The functionalization of biosilica shells (frustules) of diatoms microalgae with a tailored luminescent molecule is a convenient, scalable and biotechnological approach for obtaining new light emitting silica nanostructures with promising applications in photonics. In particular, here we report the synthesis of a red emitting organic fluorophore and its covalent linking to the surface of mesoporous biosilica extracted from Thalassiosira weissflogii diatoms cultured in our laboratories. The organic dye has a conjugated skeleton composed of thienyl, benzothiadiazolyl and phenyl units and a peripheral triethoxysilyl group which enables its stable binding onto the frustules surface. The protocol to extract the biosilica shells from living diatoms preserving their natural ornate nanostructured morphology is also discussed.
Semantically Enriching Content Using OpenCalais

 Abstract —One of the key challenges of the Semantic Web is how to go from today’s unstructured web to a web rich with semantic information. Following the bottom up approach, OpenCalais is an automated system intended to our annotate data and information, allowing us to gradually build semantically enabled systems. By semantically enriching the published content, we help users enjoy their on-line experiences and reduce the frustration of dealing with voluminous amounts of information that is incoherently organized and often irrelevant to a particular person’s need.
Microstructures and dielectric properties of Zn2SnO4 thin films by sputtering from a ZnO doped ceramic target

ABSTRACT The dielectric properties of Zn2SnO4 thin films with various degrees of ZnO dopant concentration were investigated. Zn2SnO4 thin films were prepared using the radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the 0 and 75 mole % ZnO doped Zn2SnO4 thin films revealed that Zn2SnO4 is the main crystalline phase, which is accompanied by a little SnO2 as the second phase. The second phase SnO2 in specimens vanished when the extent of ZnO additive was increased to 100 mole%. A dielectric constant of 15–40 and a loss factor of 0.10–0.14 of Zn2SnO4 thin films were measured at 1 MHz with ZnO dopant concentration in the range of 0–100 mole%.
Performance Estimation of Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System Based On Magnetic Coupling

In order to achieve an efficient wireless Electric Vehicle (EV) charging system in non-ideal practical scenarios, a proper design guideline has been delineated through the simulation, theoretical calculation as well as experimental investigation. It is examined that the wireless power transfer efficiency (WPTE) is invariably affected by the configuration of the charging coils (coil radius & number of turns), coupling to loss ratio, ohmic loss, radiation resistance, operating frequency, magnetic coupling as well as physical air gap between the coils. It is found that there is a certain operating regime at which maximum WPTE can be uphold. The acquired results provide a comprehensive strategic plan that can be used in EV charging system
Choosing the right tool for the job: A comprehensive assessment of serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 as surrogates for authentic virus neutralization

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2019 and has since caused a global pandemic resulting in millions of cases and deaths. Diagnostic tools and serological assays are critical for controlling the outbreak, especially assays designed to quantitate neutralizing antibody levels, considered the best correlate of protection. As vaccines become increasingly available, it is important to identify reliable methods for measuring neutralizing antibody responses that correlate with authentic virus neutralization but can be performed outside of biosafety level 3 (BSL3) laboratories. While many neutralizing assays using pseudotyped virus have been developed, there have been few studies comparing the different assays to each other as surrogates for authentic virus neutralization. Here we characterized three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and three pseudotyped VSV virus neutralization assays and assessed their concordance with authentic virus neutralization. The most accurate assays for predicting authentic virus neutralization were luciferase and secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) expressing pseudotyped virus neutralizations, followed by GFP expressing pseudotyped virus neutralization, and then the ELISAs.
A data-driven pipeline to extract potential side effects through co-prescription analysis: application to a cohort study of 2,010 patients taking hydroxychloroquine with an 11-year follow-up

Context: Real-life data consist of exhaustive and unbiased data to study drug-safety profiles but are underused because of their complex temporality (i.e., safety depends on the dose, timing, and duration of treatment) and the considerable number of potential side effects to study. We aimed to create a pipeline that manages the complex temporality of real-life data using a data-driven strategy (i.e., without any hypothesis on the potential side effects to search for) to highlight the safety profile of a given drug. We used hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and its co-prescription in a real-life database to illustrate this pipeline. Methods: We incorporated a weighted cumulative exposure statistical model into a data-driven strategy. This pipeline makes it possible to highlight both long-term and short-term side effects, while avoiding false positives due to the natural course of the underlying disease. We applied the proposed pipeline to a cohort of 2,010 patients with a prescription of HCQ and used their drug prescription as the source of data to highlight the HCQ safety profile. Results: The proposed pipeline introduces a bootstrap strategy into weighted cumulative-exposure statistics estimates to highlight significant drug signals. As applied to HCQ, the proposed pipeline showed nine drugs to be significantly associated with HCQ exposure. Of note, one of them has therapeutic indications for known HCQ side effects. Other associations could be explained by therapeutic indications linked to conditions associated with HCQ indications in France. Conclusion: We propose a data-driven pipeline that makes it possible to provide a broad picture of the side effects of a given drug. It would be informative to pursue the development of this pipeline using other sources of data.
A Retrospective Analysis of Feeding Practices and Complications in Patients with Critical Bronchiolitis on Non-Invasive Respiratory Support

Limited data exist regarding feeding pediatric patients managed on non-invasive respiratory support (NRS) modes that augment oxygentation and ventilation in the setting of respiratory failure. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to explore the safety of feeding patients managed on NRS with acute respiratory failure secondary to bronchiolitis. Children up to 2 years old with critical bronchiolitis managed on RAM, CPAP, or BiPAP were included. Of the 178 eligible patients, 64 were reportedly NPO while 114 were fed (EN). Overall equivalent in severity of illness, younger patients populated the EN group, while the NPO group experienced a higher incidence of intubation. Duration of PICU stay and NRS were shorter in the NPO group, though intubation eliminated the former difference. Within the EN group, ninety percent had feeds initiated within 48 hours and 94% reached full feeds within 7 days of NRS initiation, with an 8% complication and <1% aspiration rate. Reported complications did not result in escalation of respiratory support. Notably, a significant improvement in heart rate and respiratory rate was noted after feeds initiation. Taken together, our study supports the practice of early enteral nutrition in patients with critical bronchiolitis requiring non-invasive respiratory support.
The relationship between human mobility measures and SAR-Cov-2 transmission varies by epidemic phase and urbanicity: results from the United States

Global efforts to prevent the spread of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic in early 2020 focused on non-pharmaceutical interventions like social distancing; policies that aim to reduce transmission by changing mixing patterns between people. As countries have implemented these interventions, aggregated location data from mobile phones have become an important source of real-time information about human mobility and behavioral changes on a population level. Human activity measured using mobile phones reflects the aggregate behavior of a subset of people, and although metrics of mobility are related to contact patterns between people that spread the coronavirus, they do not provide a direct measure. In this study, we use results from a nowcasting approach from 1,396 counties across the US between January 22nd, 2020 and July 9th, 2020 to determine the effective reproductive number (R(t)) along an urban/rural gradient. For each county, we compare the time series of R(t) values with mobility proxies from mobile phone data from Camber Systems, an aggregator of mobility data from various providers in the United States. We show that the reproduction number is most strongly associated with mobility proxies for change in the travel into counties compared to baseline, but that the relationship weakens considerably after the initial 15 weeks of the epidemic, consistent with the emergence of a more complex ecosystem of local policies and behaviors including masking. Importantly, we highlight potential issues in the data generation process, representativeness and equity of access which must be addressed to allow for general use of these data in public health.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19.

Introduction: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) may detect the cardiopulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 and expediently predict patient outcomes. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study at four medical centers from 3/2020-1/2021 to evaluate POCUS findings and clinical outcomes with COVID-19. Our inclusion criteria included adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19 who received cardiac or lung POCUS with a 12-zone protocol. Images were interpreted by two reviewers blinded to clinical outcomes. Our primary outcome was ICU admission incidence. Secondary outcomes included intubation and supplemental oxygen usage. Results: N=160 patients (N=201 scans) were included. Scans were collected a median 23 hours (IQR:7-80) from emergency department triage. Triage POCUS findings associated with ICU admission included B-lines (OR 4.41 [95% CI:1.71-14.30]; p<0.01) or consolidation (OR 2.49 [95% CI:1.35-4.86]; p<0.01). B-lines were associated with intubation (OR 3.10 [95% CI:1.15-10.27]; p=0.02) and supplemental oxygen usage (OR 3.74 [95% CI:1.63-8.63; p<0.01). Consolidations present on triage were associated with the need for oxygen at discharge (OR 2.16 [95% CI: 1.01-4.70]; p=0.047). A normal lung triage scan was protective for ICU admission (OR 0.28 [95% CI:0.09-0.75; p<0.01) or need for supplemental oxygen during the hospitalization (OR 0.26 [95% CI:0.11-0.61]; p<0.01). Triage cardiac POCUS scans were not associated with any outcomes. Discussion: Lung POCUS findings detected early in the hospitalization may provide expedient risk stratification for important COVID-19 clinical outcomes, including ICU admission, intubation, or need for oxygen on discharge. A normal admission scan appears protective against adverse outcomes, which may aid in triage decisions of patients.
COVID-19 transmission in a theme-park

Abstract Background As COVID-19 vaccination coverage increases, public health and industries are contemplating re-opening measures of public spaces, including theme-parks. To re-open, theme-parks must provide public health mitigation plans. Questions on implementation of public health mitigation strategies such as park cleaning, COVID-19 testing, and enforcement of social distancing and the wearing of personal protective equipment (PPE) in the park remain. Methods We have developed a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission in a theme-park that considers direct human-human and indirect environment-human transmission of the virus. The model thus tracks the changing infection/disease landscape of all visitors, workers, and environmental reservoirs in a theme park setting. Findings Models results show that theme-park public health mitigation must include mechanisms that reduce virus contamination of the environment to ensure that workers and visitors are protected from COVID-19 transmission in the park. Thus, cleaning rates and mitigation of human-environment contact increases in importance. Conclusion Our findings have important practical implications in terms of public health as policy- and decision-makers are equipped with a mathematical tool that can guide theme-parks in developing public health mitigation strategies for a safe re-opening.