Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving General Undergraduate Cyber Security Education: A Responsibility for All Universities?

Cyber has evolved in the Information Age to penetrate and threaten all aspects of society. Arguably, undergraduate education needs to prepare graduates for cyber security as it does in communication and logic. Yet, most universities are so far only including cyber security as a new discipline. One university in 2015 made cyber security a general education subject. This research reports that the university’s first major curricular and pedagogical re- form for the general cyber security subject to be more realisable and appreciated by students. It also exemplifies the importance of well-designed laboratories for student appreciation and understanding within this new field and thus within educational research.
Finite‐time adaptive neural dynamic surface control for non‐linear systems with unknown dead zone

This paper proposes a new adaptive neural network ﬁnite-time dynamic surface control scheme for inaccurate non-linear systems subjected to unknown dead zones. The ‘explosion of differentiation’ is eliminated by the ﬁrst-order ﬁlter in backstepping design. The parameter normalization scheme updates the coefﬁcients of activation functions in the radial basis function neural networks. The dead zone inverse method estimates the dead zone parameters. It is proved that the proposed controller achieves the faster tracking performance and the boundedness of all signals in ﬁnite time. The contribution of this paper is that the presented controller not only has the advantages of transient performance and program execution time in comparison with traditional backstepping methods, but also its computational cost is lower than command ﬁltered methods. Simulation experiment results are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
On the Current Saturation Observed in Electrochemical Polymer Transistors

Electrochemical transistors based on conjugated polymers are proposed as a path to printed electronics on paper. The electrochemical doping/dedoping of conjugated polymers clearly plays a role in the current vs potential (I-V) characteristics of these devices, however, the mechanism of current saturation (often referred to as pinch-off) is not clearly understood, and the relationship between electrochemical devices and field-effect transistors is unclear. This paper offers a semiempirical model of the steady-state behavior of electrochemical transistors and compares this model with experimental observations of potential and electrochromic measurements within a device to illustrate the science behind the functionality observed. ©2006 The Electrochemical Society
Laminar Flame Characteristics of Premixed Methanol–Water–Air Mixture

Methanol is hygroscopic in a gaseous state and is a promising alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. It is understood that adding water can improve the antiknock performance for spark ignition engines, but this will also affect the flame speed and stability. In this work, laminar flame characteristics of methanol/water/air mixtures were experimentally investigated at a temperature range of 380–450 K, a pressure range of 1–4 bar, and water fractions (vaporous water molar fraction in the water–methanol fuel gas) of 0–40%. The results show that laminar burning velocity increases with temperature but decreases with pressure. The burning velocity decreases linearly with water fraction at a stoichiometric ratio. For rich mixtures and high pressures, the laminar flames tend to be more sensitive to stretch and, thus, more prone to being unstable. Increasing the water fraction can slightly increase the Markstein length. Increasing the initial pressure enhances the general flame instability, while increasing the initial temperature suppresses the general flame instability. Increasing the water fraction can lead to a decreasing thermal expansion ratio and an elevated flame thickness, both of which can lead to a suppression of hydrodynamic instability. An increase in the water fraction decreases the Lewis number, resulting in preferential diffusion instability. There is no direct relationship between the onset of cellularity and general flame instability.
In situ formation of FePO4-II: a neutron diffraction study

ABSTRACT The structural transformation of FePO from the trigonal berlinite phase to the orthorhombic CrVO phase has been studied using neutron diffraction at high pressure and high-temperature. The berlinite structure was compressed to a pressure of 5.2(2) GPa and amorphisation observed. Upon annealing at temperatures above 798(28) K the high pressure FePO structure was observed to form. This lowers the formation temperature required to promote this phase over the amorphous phase by ∼100 K compared to previous reports. No other structured phases were observed during the formation process which implies that the CrVO structure is the most stable form at high pressures and is kinetically inhibited from forming at low temperatures.
Mechanism for Removal of Organic Sulfur from Guiding Subbituminous Coal by Electrolysis

Ash in Guiding subbituminous coal (GSBC) was removed by treatment with dilute acids. The treated GSBC (TGSBC) was extracted with isopropanol (IP) to afford IP-extractable fraction (IPEF). TGSBC was sequentially extracted with petroleum ether, carbon disulfide, acetone, and methanol. Octane-1-thiol and thiophene were selected as model compounds (MCs) for organic sulfurs in GSBC. MCs and extracted residue (ER) of TGSBC were electrolyzed in an aqueous NaCl solution. Reaction mixtures from the electrolysis of MCs were extracted with cyclohexane. The electrolyzed extracted residue (EER) was extracted with the same method as TGSBC. The extracts were analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). ER and EER were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. Three organic sulfurs were detected in IPEF from TGSBC with GC/MS. FTIR analysis shows that ER electrolysis increased oxygen-containing functional groups but decreased organic sulfurs. Disulfide, sulfoxide, sulfone, and sulfonic a.
A Subjectivist Approach to Team Entrepreneurship

Many scholars have pointed to Austrian subjectivism as an appropriate framework for understanding and studying entrepreneurship. Yet very few empirical studies in the field of entrepreneurship have applied a subjectivist lens. This research article responds to calls for more subjectivist entrepreneurship research by theoretically refining and empirically extending _the subjectivist approach to team entrepreneurship. _ The findings presented in this study, which are based on data from 124 high-tech start-ups founded in Norway, suggest that positive internal and external team dynamics contribute to team effectiveness, as measured by the lead entrepreneur’s subjective assessment of his or her team. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Evolution during primary HIV infection does not require adaptive immune selection

Significance HIV evolution within infected individuals creates large barriers to successful vaccination and therapy. Here, we used a model that matches viral loads and mutation rates to characterize the driving forces behind HIV evolution early during infection. Surprisingly, the best model of the data did not require explicit pressure from the host immune system. Instead, the model predicts most new viral variants are intrinsically worse at infecting new cells relative to their parents. Thus, most variants do not persist and only by occasional chance does a new fit variant come to dominate. These findings also highlight the tight connection between viral population dynamics and evolution, warranting more modeling to disentangle these processes in the future. Modern HIV research depends crucially on both viral sequencing and population measurements. To directly link mechanistic biological processes and evolutionary dynamics during HIV infection, we developed multiple within-host phylodynamic models of HIV primary infection for comparative validation against viral load and evolutionary dynamics data. The optimal model of primary infection required no positive selection, suggesting that the host adaptive immune system reduces viral load but surprisingly does not drive observed viral evolution. Rather, the fitness (infectivity) of mutant variants is drawn from an exponential distribution in which most variants are slightly less infectious than their parents (nearly neutral evolution). This distribution was not largely different from either in vivo fitness distributions recorded beyond primary infection or in vitro distributions that are observed without adaptive immunity, suggesting the intrinsic viral fitness distribution may drive evolution. Simulated phylogenetic trees also agree with independent data and illuminate how phylogenetic inference must consider viral and immune-cell population dynamics to gain accurate mechanistic insights.
Dairy manure incorporation stimulates rapid atrazine mineralization in an agricultural soil

The herbicide atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-tnazine) is widely used in the production of corn and several other crops. It is moderately mobile in soil and is frequently detected in surface water and groundwater. The objective of this study was to determine if incorporating manure into a soil cropped to corn influenced the rate or pathway of atrazine dissipation. Soil cores (0–60 cm) were taken from two field plots in continuous corn one unfertilized the other receiving an annual application of 100 t manure ha−1 for each of the last 4 yr. The cores were sectioned into 20-cm increments, and subsamples used to prepare soil slurries amended with 2.5 to 25 μg atrazine mL−1 slurry. These were incubated with shaking at room temperature for up to 2 mo. Chemical analysis of extractable atrazine revealed that the herbicide was completely and rapidly degraded after a variable lag period of as short as about 18 d. Samples from each of the three depths degraded atrazine. [U-Ring-14C]atrazine w.
Excitons in Photosynthetic Purple Bacteria: Wavelike Motion or Incoherent Hopping?

We have studied excitation energy transfer in the photosynthetic antenna systems LH1 and LH2 of purple bacteria. Femtosecond pump−probe experiments are combined with computer simulations using the recently established crystal structure of these systems to assess the nature of excitation motion. We have measured the transient absorption kinetics and spectra of the LH1 and LH2 complexes in the temperature range from 4.2 to 296 K with femtosecond time resolution. The calculations based on the Pauli master equation disagreed with experimentally measured population and anisotropy kinetics, suggesting that the simple model of excitation hopping between bacteriochlorophyll a molecules is not a proper description for energy transport in LH1 and LH2. As a next step we have used the exciton theory to reproduce the transient absorption spectra of LH2, and we found that the coherence length of the exciton in B850 of LH2 1.5 ps after excitation of B800 is 4 ± 1.
Evaluation-Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (Ev-VAIC) Model Expansion: The New Measurement Model for Intellectual Capital

This conceptual paper provides a theoretical discussion to design a new measurement model of intellectual capital by using the organization's Input and Output, which have been categorized into the organization value-added element to produce a more stringent and comprehensive intellectual capital component. This paper proposes a model with each domain have been defined as a set of indicators used for the next quantitative evaluation. This expansion of intellectual capital model enables organizations to pay more attention to the organization assets, which being as value-added category (capital employed and intellectual capital), that have not been well-connected in the literature previously. In addition, this paper attempt to understand the intellectual capital components and evaluate its developing tendency periodically in the future (the finance management field) as the long-term and sustainable competitive advantages.
Carbon isotope natural abundance (δ13C) in grapevine organs is modulated by both water and nitrogen supply

Our objective was to investigate the effect of water and nitrogen (N) availability on the carbon isotope composition of leaf blades, canes and ripe berry must (juice) in field grown grapevines.In two consecutive years, the combination of two irrigation treatments [Irrigation (I): 70 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and no irrigation (NI)] and three rates of ammonium nitrate [0 (N0), 60 (N60) and 120 (N120) kg/ha N] were applied to two separate vineyards planted with cv. Xinomavro and cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon respectively in a randomised complete block design. Carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of leaf blades, stem water potential (Ψs), and leaf gas exchange were measured at berry set, bunch closure, veraison and maturity during each growing season. δ13C of bulk berry must at maturity and of dormant canes was also measured.Leaf δ13C and cane δ13C decreased with water supply, but increased with N fertilisation. Must δ13C was lower in the irrigated N0 and N60 vines, whereas irrigation treatments did not differ under the N120 rate. The relative weight of irrigation and fertilisation effect on leaf δ13C varied across samplings: N application accounted for a higher proportion of leaf δ13C variance during the early stages of berry growth, whereas irrigation induced higher variance of leaf δ13C after veraison. The weight of the irrigation effect on cane δ13C was higher from that of fertilisation.Discrimination mechanisms against 13C in grapevine could be mediated by both N fertilisation and irrigation. The well-documented explanation of δ13C variation based on isotopic effects during CO2 diffusion through leaf stomata and carboxylation driven by water conditions may not apply to all cases, since additional discriminating processes against 13C associated with CO2 transfer from the intercellular spaces to the carboxylation sites may be affected by nitrogen supply.The study provides evidence for the first time that carbon isotope composition of leaf blades, canes and berry must is modulated by nitrogen supply. Interpretations of carbon isotope natural abundance in field grown grapevine tissues should therefore consider both water and nitrogen availability.
Modelling, Design and Validation of Spatially Resolved Reflectance Based Fiber Optic Probe for Epithelial Precancer Diagnostics

Fiber-optic probes are imperative for in-vivo diagnosis of cancer. Depending on the access to a diseased organ and the mutations one aims to sense, the probe designs vary. We carry out a detailed numerical study of the efficacy of the common probe geometries for epithelial cancer characterization based on spatially resolved reflectance data. As per the outcomes of this comparative study, a probe has been manufactured and using Monte Carlo look up table based inversion scheme, the absorption and scattering coefficients of the epithelium mimicking top layer have been recovered from noisy synthetic as well as experimental data.
Manipulation Task Planning with Constrained Kinematic Controller

This paper addresses the integration of task planning and motion control in robotic manipulation, where automatically generated feasible manipulation sequences are executed by a controller that explicitly accounts for the task geometric constraints. To cope with the high dimensionality of the manipulation problem and the complexity of specifying the tasks, we use a multi-layered framework for task and motion planning adapted from the literature. The adapted framework consists of a high-level planner, which generates task plans for linear temporal logic specifications, and a low-level motion controller, based on constrained optimization, that allows to define regions of interest instead of exact locations while being reactive to changes in the workspace. Thus, there is no low-level motion planning time added to the total planning time. Moreover, since there is no replanning phase due to motion planner failures, the robot actions are generated only once for each task because the search for a plan occurs on a static graph. We evaluated this approach with two pick-and-place tasks with similar complexity to the original framework and showed that the number of plan nodes generated is smaller than the one in the original framework, which implies less total planning time. Resumo: Este artigo trata da integração de planejamento de tarefas e controle de movimento em robótica de manipulação. O objetivo é gerar automaticamente sequências fact́ıveis de manipulação para serem executadas por um controlador que considera restrições geométricas impostas pela tarefa. Para lidar com a alta dimensionalidade do problema de manipulação e a complexidade de especificar tarefas, foi usado um arcabouço multicamadas para planejamento de tarefa e movimento adaptado da literatura. O arcabouço adaptado consiste em um planejador de alto ńıvel, que gera planos de tarefa para especificações em lógica temporal linear, e um controlador de movimento de baixo ńıvel baseado em otimização com restrições, que permite definir regiões de interesse ao invés de localidades exatas e é reativo a mudanças no espaço de trabalho. Logo, não há adição de tempo de planejamento de movimento ao tempo total de planejamento. Além disso, como não há fase de replanejamento devido a falhas em um planejador de movimento, as ações para o robô são geradas apenas uma vez para cada tarefa, portanto, a busca por plano de tarefas ocorre em um grafo estático. Essa abordagem foi testada com duas tarefas de pick-and-place com complexidade similar à das tarefas realizadas no arcabouço original. O número de nós de planejamento gerados foi reduzido, o que implica em menor tempo total de planejamento.
Quantifying individual differences in native and nonnative sentence processing

Abstract Research in sentence processing has increasingly examined the role of individual differences in language comprehension. In work on native and nonnative sentence processing, examining individual differences can contribute crucial insight into theoretical debates about the extent to which nativelike processing is possible in a nonnative language. Despite this increased interest in individual differences, whether commonly used psycholinguistic tasks can reliably measure individual differences between participants has not been systematically examined. As a preliminary examination of this issue in nonnative processing, we report a self-paced reading experiment on garden-path sentences in native and nonnative comprehension. At the group level we replicated previously observed findings in native and nonnative speakers. However, while we found that our self-paced reading experiment was a reliable way of assessing individual differences in overall reading speed and comprehension accuracy, it did not consistently measure individual differences in the size of garden-path effects in our sample (N = 64 native and 64 nonnative participants, and 24 experimental items). These results suggest that before individual differences in sentence processing can be meaningfully assessed, the question of whether commonly used tasks can consistently measure individual differences requires systematic examination.
Ground motion selection based on a multi‐intensity‐measure conditioning approach with emphasis on diverse earthquake contents

One of the main tasks in performance‐based seismic risk assessment and design of structures is the quantification of uncertainty due to earthquake ground motion (GM) records. Therefore, there is an optimal suite of GMs for each structure, selection of which can be an elusive task complicated by—among other things—the fact that structural behavior migrates into load‐path‐dependent inelastic regimes as damage begins to accumulate. To facilitate the selection of an optimal GM suite, the GM selection based on a generalized conditional single‐intensity‐measure approach will be enhanced herein to allow users to select GMs based on two and average of more‐than‐two conditioning intensity measures. To formulate this task, an intensity measure vector consisting of several intensity measures will be populated to represent earthquake's amplitude‐, duration‐based, and cumulative characteristics. The idea of two and average conditioning intensity measures will then be formulated by considering the correlation between the intensity measures in the vector with two and average of more‐than‐two intensity measures, simultaneously. The cross‐correlation between the intensity measures in the vector will also be considered to ultimately form a conditional multivariate distribution from which one could draw any number of realization samples to find matching earthquake records so that the hazard consistency concept can be fully enforced.
Ka-Band Diplexer for 5G mmWave Applications in Inverted Microstrip Gap Waveguide Technology

A new cost-efficient, low-loss Ka-band diplexer designed in inverted microstrip gap waveguide technology is presented in this paper. Gap waveguide allows to propagate quasi-TEM modes in the air between two metal plates without the need for contact between them by using periodic metasurfaces. The diplexer is realized by using a bed of nails as AMC (Artificial Magnetic Conductor), first modeled with a PMC (Perfect Magnetic Conductor) surface for design simplification, and two fifth order end-coupled passband filters (BPFs) along with a power divider. The experimental verification confirms that the two channels centered at 24 GHz and 28 GHz with 1 GHz of bandwidth show measured insertion losses of 1.5 dB and 2 dB and 60 dB of isolation between them. A slight shift in frequency is observed in the measurements that can be easily explained by the variation in the permittivity of the substrate.
Factors Affecting Sorption of Organic Compounds in Natural Sorbent/Water Systems and Sorption Coefficients for Selected Pollutants. A Review

Factors affecting sorption of organic pollutants by natural sorbents (soils, sediments, clays, humic materials, and dissolved organic matters) and sorption coefficients for selected pollutants are reviewed on the basis of the literature results and interpretations; with 681 references examined. The most significant aspects of the sorption process are discussed: sorption isotherms and sorption kinetics; effects of sorbent physico-chemical characteristics (pH, cation exchange capacity, ionic strength, surface area, etc.); effect of the temperature; sorption of volatile compounds; effect of the presence of a cosolvent; association with dissolved organic matter; effect of the sorbent concentration; “hysteresis” or nonsingularity in the sorption–desorption process, and its implications in the transport of these contaminants through soil columns. The experimental and prediction methods adopted for the determination and estimation of the sorption coefficients are also described. Literature sorption coefficients .