Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Analytical Model to Estimate FinFET’s  $V_{T}$  Distribution Due to Fin-Edge Roughness

Line-edge roughness induced fin-edge roughness (FER) is the primary source of VT variation in FinFETs. Conventionally, stochastic simulations are performed to predict the device variability due to FER for a technology, which are computationally expensive. An analytical formulation to predict variability due to FER enables understanding of the effect of input parameters as well as provides quantitative results at fractional computational costs. In this paper, we develop and present an analytical model to estimate saturation VT(VT-sat) variability due to FER. The model is capable of capturing the VT variability dependence on device parameters (LG and Wfin) and variability parameters (correlation length Λ and standard deviation Δ) accurately. The entire VT-sat distribution obtained by the model is also presented and compared against the VT-sat distribution of stochastic simulations to show that the model captures the distribution effectively. We show that not only σ VT but even μVT is affected by variability parameters. Hence, such modeling is critical to defining nominal FinFET structure (LG and Wfin), which is affected by variability (Λ and Δ) especially for scaled FinFETs, where quantum-confinement effects are enhanced.
Impact of Biometric Attendance System on Secondary and Higher Secondary Educational Institutions Across J&K

Managing and monitoring attendance of employees is very important aspect for smooth functioning of any public or private organization. To obtain and maintain the attendance of employees in an organization has become a challenging aspect to deal with. In order to avoid human bias and direct human intervention different government institutions have implemented Biometric attendance system in educational institutions to record employee attendance on daily basis. This research work aims to study the impact of Biometric Attendance system(BAS) on educational system vis-a-vis punctuality of employees in an educational institute. The study indicates that biometric modalities are universally secure and accurate, but in practice the scenarios of attendance systems in Jammu & Kashmir has highlighted some loopholes which are existing at present in the Biometric attendance system.
The role of postoperative chemoradiation for oropharynx carcinoma: A critical appraisal of the published literature and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) describes the presence of extracapsular spread and/or positive margins in oropharynx cancer (OPC) as an indication for the addition of chemotherapy to postoperative radiation. The guideline's category 1 consensus is based on what they term high‐level evidence. For this study, the authors performed a critical appraisal of the research upon which the NCCN guideline is based and assessed its relevance in the era of human papillomavirus (HPV)/p16‐positive OPC. Multiple shortcomings were identified, including patient exclusion after randomization and the use of unplanned subgroup analyses without multivariate adjustment, which undermined internal validity. Indeterminate HPV/p16 status limited external validity. Given the unique biology of HPV/p16‐positive tumors and the problems of internal and external validity, the authors concluded that the literature upon which the recommendation for the addition of chemotherapy to adjuvant radiation was based does not generate high‐level evidence, and its relevance for the postoperative management of patients with HPV/p16‐positive OPC remains unknown. Cancer 2015;121:1747–1754. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Dynamic expression of Dab 2 in the mouse embryonic central nervous system

Background: Dab2, one of two mammalian orthologs of Drosophila Disabled, has been shown to be involved in cell positioning and formation of visceral endoderm during mouse embryogenesis, but its role in neuronal development is not yet fully understood. In this report, we have examined the localization of the Dab2 protein in the mouse embryonic central nervous system (CNS) at different developmental stages. Results: Dab2 protein was transiently expressed in rhombomeres 5 and 6 of the developing hindbrain between E8.5 and E11.5, and in the floor plate of the neural tube from E9.5 to E12.5, following which it was no longer detectable within these regions. Dab2 protein was also identified within circumventricular organs including the choroid plexus, subcommissural organ and pineal gland during their early development. While Dab2 was still strongly expressed in the adult choroid plexus, immunoreactivity within the subcommissural organ and pineal gland was lost after birth. In addition, Dab2 was transiently expressed within a subpopulation of Iba1-positive mononuclear phagocytes (including presumed microglial progenitors) within the neural tube from E10.0 and was lost by E14.5. Dab2 was separately localized to Iba1 positive cells from E9.5 and subsequently to F4/80 positive cells (mature macrophage/myeloid-derived dendritic cells) positioned outside the neural tube from E12.5 onwards, implicating Dab2 expression in early cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage. Dab2 did not co-localize with the pan-neuronal marker PGP9.5 at any developmental stage, suggesting that Dab2 positive cells in the developing CNS are unlikely to be differentiating neurons. Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate the dynamic spatiotemporal expression of Dab2 protein within the CNS during development. Published: 4 August 2008 BMC Developmental Biology 2008, 8:76 doi:10.1186/1471-213X-8-76 Received: 27 March 2008 Accepted: 4 August 2008 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-213X/8/76 © 2008 Cheung et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Bayesian gas source localization and exploration with a multi-robot system using partial differential equation based modeling

Model based approaches, such as those that use partial differential equations (PDE), lend themselves to gas distribution mapping and gas source localization. Moreover, they also permit constructing intelligent sampling strategies. However, a realistic mathematical model of gas dispersion is complex and computationally expensive to solve. This is especially the case for inverse problems, where sources are estimated based on concentration measurements. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic model based on a diffusion PDE to approximate the complex behavior of gas dispersion. This model is used (i) to identify the sources, using ideas from Sparse Bayesian Learning, and (ii) to guide a multi-agent robotic system to measurement locations, which assists the source localization. The potential of the approach is shown in experiments, where laminar gas plumes are simulated using an open-source CFD-based filament gas dispersion simulator. The exploration is carried out using multiple real robots implementing the proposed algorithm.
Rapid prototype and implementation of a high-throughput and flexible FFT ASIP based on LISA 2.0

This paper presents a highly efficient machine description language LISA for application specific instruction-set processor (ASIP) architecture exploration, software tools design, system verification and design implementation. The proposed design flow enables a rapid prototyping and evaluation of different architectures, reduces the design time and human effort with regard to traditional design methodologies. A case study for parallel FFT algorithm is demonstrated in this work. We proposed a scalable butterfly processing structure with fixed shuffling mode between stages. Besides, resource sharing and an efficient vector address generation mechanism are adopted to reduce the hardware complexity and power dissipation. Simulation and synthesis results show that our FFT-ASIP achieves a higher energy-efficiency and flexibility than other works, and the area cost is low.
COMPARISON BETWEEN GASTRIC SCINTIGRAPHY AND THE [13C]‐ACETATE BREATH TEST WITH WAGNER–NELSON ANALYSIS IN HUMANS

1 The [13C]‐acetate breath test (ABT) quantifies gastric emptying as the half [13CO2]‐excretion time (T1/2b), but T1/2b differs from the scintigraphic half‐emptying time (T1/2s). The aims of the present study were to accurately determine the half‐emptying time by ABT with Wagner–Nelson analysis (T1/2WN), to compare T1/2WN with T1/2s and to validate the Wagner–Nelson strategy in ABT. 2 For a comparative study, eight volunteers simultaneously underwent ABT and scintigraphy. Anterior images were acquired and breath samples were collected every 15 min for 4.0 h after ingestion of a 200 kcal liquid meal labelled with 37 MBq [99mTc]‐colloidal sulphur and 100 mg [13C]‐acetate. For the validation experiment, another six volunteers underwent ABT, on two randomized occasions, using the 200 kcal liquid meal with 100 mg [13C]‐acetate. On either of the two occasions, a gel‐forming agent was stirred into the meal to intentionally delay gastric emptying by increasing meal viscosity. Breath samples were collected at regular 15 min intervals for 4 h post ingestion. 3 The Wagner–Nelson equation for ABT is F(t) = (Abreath(t) + C(t)/0.65)/Abreath(∞), where F(t) is a fractional dose of the [13C] label emptied, C(t) is the [13CO2] excretion (% dose/h), Abreath(t) is the area under the C(t) curve (% dose) and Abreath(∞) is the ultimate [13CO2] recovery in breath (% dose). The percentage gastric retention was estimated as 100 × (1 − F(t)). The time plots of scintigraphic activity and 100 × (1 − F(t)) were fitted to y(t) = 100 × e−K×t, K values were estimated mathematically for each plot by regression analysis and T1/2s and T1/2WN were calculated as (ln2)/K. The time versus pulmonary [13CO2] excretion plots were fitted to z(t) = m × k × β × e−kt(1 − e−k×t)β−1, where m, k and β are constants; T1/2b was calculated as –(ln(1 − 2−1/β)]/k. 4 Values of T1/2WN were closer to T1/2s than T1/2b, although T1/2WN and T1/2b yielded significant under‐ and overestimation of T1/2s, respectively. The high viscosity meal significantly prolonged T1/2WN and T1/2b; T1/2WN could detect the delayed transit of the viscous meal more sensitively than T1/2b. 5 The Wagner–Nelson method improves the accuracy of the ABT.
Maternal levels of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with infant cord blood DNA methylation

ABSTRACT Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) pose a public health risk through disruption of normal biological processes. Identifying toxicoepigenetic mechanisms of developmental exposure-induced effects for EDCs, such as phthalates or bisphenol A (BPA), is essential. Here, we investigate whether maternal exposure to EDCs is predictive of infant DNA methylation at candidate gene regions. In the Michigan Mother-Infant Pairs (MMIP) cohort, DNA was extracted from cord blood leukocytes for methylation analysis by pyrosequencing (n = 116) and methylation changes related to first trimester levels of 9 phthalate metabolites and BPA. Growth and metabolism-related genes selected for methylation analysis included imprinted (IGF2, H19) and non-imprinted (PPARA, ESR1) genes along with LINE-1 repetitive elements. Findings revealed decreases in methylation of LINE-1, IGF2, and PPARA with increasing phthalate concentrations. For example, a log unit increase in ΣDEHP corresponded to a 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI): −1.83, −0.22] percentage point decrease in PPARA methylation. Changes in DNA methylation were also inversely correlated with PPARA gene expression determined by RT-qPCR (r = −0.34, P = 0.02), thereby providing evidence in support of functional relevance. A sex-stratified analysis of EDCs and DNA methylation showed that some relationships were female-specific. For example, urinary BPA exposure was associated with a 1.35 (95%CI: −2.69, −0.01) percentage point decrease in IGF2 methylation and a 1.22 (95%CI: −2.27, −0.16) percentage point decrease in PPARA methylation in females only. These findings add to a body of evidence suggesting epigenetically labile regions may provide a conduit linking early exposures with disease risk later in life and that toxicoepigenetic susceptibility may be sex specific.
Molecular phylogenetic analyses of albuminoids reveal the molecular evolution of allosteric properties

Serum albumin, α‐fetoprotein, afamin (also named α‐albumin and vitamin E binding protein), and vitamin D binding protein are members of the albuminoid superfamily. Albuminoids are plasma proteins characterized by a marked ability for ligand binding and transport. Here, a focused phylogenetic analysis of sequence evolution by maximum likelihood of fatty acid binding sites FA1–FA7 of mammalian albuminoids reveals that the FA1, FA2, and FA3+FA4 sites in serum albumins have evolved from the most recent common ancestor through an intermediate that has originated the α‐fetoprotein and afamin clades. The same topology has been observed for the whole protein sequences, for the sequences of all the fatty acid binding sites (FA1–FA7) taken together, and for the allosteric core corresponding to residues 1–303 of human serum albumin. The quantitative divergence analysis indicates that the ligand binding cleft corresponding to the FA2 site could be the main determinant of allosteric properties of serum albumins only. In fact, this binding cleft is structurally not effective in vitamin D binding proteins, whereas key residues that serve to allocate the allosteric effectors are not present in afamins and α‐fetoproteins. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(6):544–549, 2013
A Characteristic Difference among GroEL Homologs from Intracellular Symbionts of Closely-Interrelated Species of Aphid

Abstract Nucleotide sequences encoding GroEL homologs of intracellular symbionts in three closely interrelated aphids were compared with one another and that for GroEL. It was suggested that in these proteins a particular position is highly susceptible to amino acid substitution, through which the GroEL homologs of symbionts seemed to have acquired a unique function on top of the activity as molecular chaperone. This may represent a rare example of non-neutral evolution of molecule under the positive selection pressure.
Effects of carvedilol on oxygen uptake and heart rate kinetics in patients with chronic heart failure at simulated altitude

Background: The response to moderate exercise at altitude in heart failure (HF) is unknown. Methods and results: We evaluated 30 HF patients, (NYHA I-III, 25 M/5 F; 59 ± 10 years; LVEF = 39.6 ± 7.1%), in stable clinical conditions, treated with carvedilol at the maximal tolerated dose. We performed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) with ramp protocol at sea level to evaluate patients’ performance and two moderate intensity constant workload CPETs (50% of peak workload) at sea level (normoxia) and simulated altitude (hypoxia). Oxygen uptake ( V · O 2 ) and heart rate (HR) on-kinetics at constant workload were assessed calculating the time constant (τ) with a monoexponential equation. V · O 2 and HR were higher in hypoxia (0.944 ± 0.233 vs 1.031 ± 0.264 l/min; 100 ± 23 vs 108 ± 22 bpm; p < 0.001). On-kinetics showed a different behavior of τ being V · O 2 faster in hypoxia (67.1 ± 23.0 vs. 56.3 ± 19.7 s; p = 0.026) and HR faster in normoxia (49.3 ± 19.4 vs. 62.2 ± 22.5 s; p = 0.018). Ten patients, who lowered oxygen kinetics in hypoxia, had greater HR increase during maximal CPET suggesting lower functional betablockade. The higher τ of V · O 2 in hypoxia is likely to be due to a peripheral effect of carvedilol mediated either by β- or α-receptor. Conclusion: HF patients performing moderate exercise at 2000 m simulated altitude have 20% V · O 2 increase without trouble at the beginning of exercise when treated with carvedilol.
Application of intelligent water drops algorithm to workflow scheduling in cloud environment

Cloud Computing has evolved as the one of the most promising approach to execute large scale workflow applications. For successful implementation of any workflow application in cloud computing environment, one of the most significant tasks is to generate an efficient schedule before its execution. The main goal of workflow scheduling is to assign tasks to available resources in a finite time with the satisfaction of users' specified QoS constraints. As workflow scheduling is an NP complete problem, most of the previous work is based on metaheuristic techniques to achieve near optimal solutions within polynomial time. In this paper, we are presenting an application of Intelligent Water drops (IWD) algorithm, a novel metaheuristic technique, to solve workflow scheduling problem focusing on minimization of makespan. The probability function of IWD algorithm is modified to improve quality of solution and enhance convergence speed. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm achieves better results in comparison to other existing algorithms.
A 2-V 900-MHz monolithic CMOS dual-loop frequency synthesizer for GSM wireless receivers

A 900-MHz monolithic CMOS dual-loop frequency synthesizer suitable for GSM receivers is presented. Implemented in a 0.5-mm CMOS technology and at a 2-V supply voltage, the dual-loop frequency synthesizer occupies a chip area of 2.64 mm2and consumes a low power of 34 mW. The measured phase noise of the dual-loop synthesizer is -121.8 dBc/Hz at 600-kHz frequency offset. The measured spurious levels are -79.5 and -82 dBc at 1.6 MHz and 11.3MHz offset, respectively.
Physiotherapy for patients with Parkinson's Disease: a comparison of techniques.

BACKGROUND Despite optimal medical and surgical therapies for Parkinson's disease, patients develop progressive disability. The role of the physiotherapist is to maximise functional ability and minimise secondary complications through movement rehabilitation within a context of education and support for the whole person. OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and effectiveness of physiotherapy with placebo or no interventions in patients with Parkinson's disease. SEARCH STRATEGY Relevant trials were identified by electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ISI-SCI, AMED, MANTIS, REHABDATA, REHADAT, GEROLIT, Pascal, LILACS, MedCarib, JICST-EPlus, AIM, IMEMR, SIGLE, ISI-ISTP, DISSABS, Conference Papers Index, Aslib Index to Theses, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, the CentreWatch Clinical Trials listing service, the metaRegister of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, CRISP, PEDro, NIDRR and NRR; and examination of the reference lists of identified studies and other reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA Only randomised controlled trials (RCT) were included, however those trials that allowed quasi-random methods of allocation were allowed. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data was abstracted independently by KD and DJ and differences settled by discussion. MAIN RESULTS Eleven trials were identified with 280 patients. Eight trials did not have adequate placebo treatments, all used small numbers of patients and the method of randomisation and concealment of allocation was good in only four trials. These methodological problems could potentially lead to bias from a number of sources. Although ten of the trials claimed a positive effect from physiotherapy, few outcomes measured were statistically significant. Walking velocity was measured in four trials and increased significantly in two of them. Stride length was the only other outcome measured in more than one trial, it was significantly improved in two trials. Five other outcomes improved significantly in individual studies, but eight other outcomes did not improve significantly. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Considering the methodological flaws in many of the studies, the small number of patients examined, and the possibility of publication bias, there is insufficient evidence to support or refute the efficacy of physiotherapy in Parkinson's disease. The studies illustrate that a wide range of approaches are being employed by physiotherapists to treat Parkinson's disease. This was confirmed by the UK survey of physiotherapists. There is a need to develop a consensus as to 'best-practice'. Large well designed placebo-controlled RCTs are then needed to demonstrate the efficacy and effectiveness of 'best practice' physiotherapy in Parkinson's disease. The stage of the disease at which the physiotherapy is given should be specified at the outset. Outcome measures with particular relevance to patients, carers, physiotherapists and physicians should be chosen and the patients monitored for at least six months to determine the duration of any beneficial effects. The trials should be reported according to CONSORT guidelines.
Synthesis of HMDI-based segmented polyurethanes and their use in the manufacture of elastomeric composites for cardiovascular applications

For short-term cardiovascular application, segmented polyurethanes (SPUs) based on 4,4-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), polytetramethylenglycol (PTMG) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopy (FT-IR, 1H-NMR) and thermal (TGA, DMA, DSC) and mechanical techniques. The segmented nature of the SPUs was not easily established by spectroscopic means; however, TGA allowed the quantification of the rigid segments content by the significant mass loss between 348 and 356°C. The alpha transition was detected by DMA and related to the T g of the soft segments at –50°C, while DSC showed the presence of an endothermic transition above 80°C attributed to the melting of rigid segments. Two types of composites were prepared using the synthesized SPUs and Lycra® (either T162B or T162C). The first one consisted of a two layers casting laminated while the second one was a classic unidirectional fibre-reinforced material. Laminate composites prepared with SPU containing 23.9% and 33.9% of rigid segments and Lycra® T162C exhibited a higher tensile modulus but lower tensile strength than composites prepared with Tecoflex® SG-80A (39.7% of rigid segments). The energy of adhesion between layers on these composites ranged from 475 to 2150 J. Fibre-reinforced SPUs exhibited higher moduli than the two layer laminated composites with increasing amounts of rigid segments in the matrix and by increasing Lycra® T162C content (up to 10%). This behaviour was explained by SEM, which showed a good fibre-matrix bonding.
Does rehabilitation decrease shoulder muscle activity in fibromyalgia in work or housework tasks? An electromyographical study.

PURPOSE This study sought to investigate whether patients with fibromyalgia (FM) are able to perform a work task and home care tasks with less muscle activity, recorded as surface EMG, after a rehabilitation programme as compared to before rehabilitation. METHOD Muscle activity in shoulder and arm muscles was measured with surface EMG during a job task and three housework tasks before and after an individually adjusted rehabilitation programme for 16 female patients with FM. Ten healthy women were measured in the same way. Pain intensity and perception of exertion were assessed with Borg's CR100 scale after every activity. RESULTS The patients decreased their muscle activity more than the healthy subjects did in the trapezius pars descendens of the non-dominant side during computer typing and ironing. A decrease in pain intensity and perceived exertion after the computer typing and ironing coincided with the decreased muscle activity. CONCLUSION Patients with FM are able to learn to perform a work task and a home-care task with less muscle activity in trapezius pars descendens after a rehabilitation programme. Decreased pain intensity and perception of exertion may indicate that these two experiences accompany the decrease in muscle activity.