Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Americans encounter guns: Mixed methods content analysis of YouTube and internet search data

Firearm-related injury and death is a serious public health issue in the U.S. As more Americans consume news and media online, there is growing interest in using these channels to prevent firearm-related harms. Understanding the firearm-related narratives to which consumers are exposed is foundational to this work. This research used the browsing behavior of a representative sample of American adults to identify seven naturally occurring firearm-related content ecosystems on YouTube, and the demographics and internet search patterns of users affiliated with each ecosystem. Over the 9-month study period, 72,205 panelists had 16,803,075 person-video encounters with 7,274,093 videos. Among these, 282,419 videos were related to firearms. Using fast greedy clustering, we partitioned users and channel interactions into seven distinct channel-based content ecosystems that reached more than 1/1000 YouTube users per day. These ecosystems were diverse in reach, users, and content (e.g., guns for self-protection vs. guns for fun). On average, 0.5% of panelists performed a firearm-related internet search on a given day. The vast majority of these searches were related to mass shootings or police-involved shootings (e.g., active shooter), and virtually none were about more common firearm harm such as suicide. Searches for firearm safety information were most common among panelists affiliated with the Hunting & Fishing and Guns & Gear ecosystems, which were watched primarily by older, white men. These findings identify an opportunity for analyzing firearm-related narratives and tailoring firearm safety messaging for users affiliated with specific online content ecosystems.
Relativistic high-order harmonic generation by a femto-second radially polarized laser pulse irradiating a ring plasma grating

A novel scheme for generating relativistic high-order harmonics by a relativistic radially polarized laser interacting with a plasma annular grating is proposed. The particle-in-cell results show that the radial laser field can drive the relativistic electron bunches to oscillate radially in all azimuth directions, resulting in the emission of strong harmonics. Firstly, the interference of the laser field on the plasma grating structure significantly enhances the radiated harmonics which match the phase conditions. Secondly, due to the common ring symmetry of the grating structure and laser polarization, the transverse distribution of harmonics presents a Bessel form, and there is a sharp bright spot in the center with relativistic intensity. Such high-intensity short-wave structured harmonics have broad applications in areas such as plasma diagnostics, high resolution imaging and detection.
The Static Frictional Behaviors of Rubber for Pipe-Laying Operation

Experimental research is carried out to reveal the static frictional behaviors of rubber pipe contact systems. This research is motivated by deep water pipe-laying operations where rubber blocks are used to clamp the pipe to supply sufficient static friction. Within this context, a friction testing instrument has been designed to mimic a situation of the beginning of the pipe-laying installation. Using this instrument, the maximum static friction forces (F) of a rubber pipe contact system are tested. The results show that the ultimate values of the static frictions fluctuate due to the increasing rate of the tangential load (FT). The evolution of contact between rubber and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) pipe is observed to identify the formation and propagation of the folds within the apparent contact area. In addition, it is confirmed that the evolution of contact is influenced by the folds and creep of the rubber surface. The creep deformation takes primary effect in accelerating the separation of the interfaces of contact during relative high normal loads (20, 30, 40 N) and low increasing rate of FT; whereas for all of the testing normal loads (10–40 N), the propagation of the folds release the energy which is stored in the interface of rubber when the increasing rate of FT is high. Therefore, the fluctuation of the maximum static friction of the contact system can be regarded as a consequence of interaction of the creep and folds. Furthermore, the instability of the coefficient of static friction in this test has been examined, and it indicated that the creep and folds could affect the static friction distinctly within a certain range of a normal load. This research is beneficial for arranging appropriate normal loads and laying speeds to avoid pipes slipping during a pipe-laying operation.
Strategies to improve poultry feed formulation for maximum performance and profitability

A comprehensive research project was carried out in an attempt to improve poultry feed formulation using different strategies. In study 1, a simulation analysis in Excel was conducted to evaluate the batch segregation as a means to reduce nutrient variability for linear and non-linear feed formulations. batch segregation reduced variability about 50% compared to the traditional method of no segregation. Non-linear formulation increased feed costs to guarantee the minimum specification of nutrients at any confidence level. Employing the batch segregation when using non-linear formulation resulted in reducing feed costs. In study 2, A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the optimal balance between dlys & true protein (TP) levels in broiler feeds to account for the needs of the NEAAs during formulation. The dlys requirements increased linearly as a function of TP. For maximum BWG, the dLys requirement was estimated to be 4.92% ± 0.51 of TP. In study 3, a 35-d broiler trial was conducted to test whether or not feeds formulated based on digestible AA values from chick or rooster assays could make differences in performance and profitability. Formulation based on chick assay resulted in improved FCR compared to rooster assay. Profitability varied depending on feed cost, chicken value and size. In study 4, a simulation analysis was conducted in Excel to test the effectiveness of brokenline linear (BLL) and broken-line quadratic (BLQ) models in estimating the maximum safe level (MSL) of feedstuffs in lieu of the traditional multiple range procedure. The broken-line methodology provided good estimates of the MSL (small SE and high R P Pvalues) and offered useful information for feeding trial planning. In study 5, 2 broiler trials were conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of pennycress meal (PM) as a protein source for broilers and to illustrate how the MSL can be different depending on the statistical analysis. The MSL was estimated in trial 1 to be 10% (orthogonal contrast), 9.12 ± 0.50 (BLL) and 7.0 ± 1.27 (BLQ). In trial 2, the estimated MSL was 12% (contrast and LSD), 15% (Scheffe's), 10.84 ± 0.57 (BLL) and 8.61 ± 1.29 by (BLQ). INDEX WORDS: Batch segregation, Simulation, Broiler, Feed formulation, True protein, Amino acid, Broken line, Safe level STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE POULTRY FEED FORMULATION FOR MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE AND PROFITABILITY
Servo-Elastic Dynamics of a Hydraulic Actuator Pitching a Blade with Large Deflections

This paper deals with the servo-elastic dynamics of a hydraulic pitch actuator acting on a largely bend wind turbine blade. The compressibility of the oil and flexibility of the hoses introduce a dynamic mode in the pitch bearing degree of freedom. This mode may obtain negative damping if the proportional gain on the actuator position error is defined too large relative to the viscous forces in the hydraulic system and the total rotational inertia of the pitch bearing degree of freedom. A simple expression for the stability limit of this proportional gain is derived for tuning the gain based on the Ziegler-Nichols method. Computed transfer functions from reference to actual pitch angles indicate that the actuator can be approximated as a low-pass filter with some appropriate limitations on pitching speed and acceleration. The structural blade model includes the geometrical coupling of edgewise bending and torsion for large flapwise deflections. This coupling is shown to introduce edgewise bending response for pitch reference oscillations around the natural frequency of the edgewise bending mode, in which frequency range the transfer function from reference to actual pitch angle cannot be modeled as a simple low-pass filter. The pitch bearing is assumed to be frictionless as a first approximation.
Computation of fast linear equations convergent iterations solutions on the Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel methods

This paper present Gauss-Seidel and Jacobi class repetition systems be situated, planned with answering an equations of AXB = C liner produced the cracked organizations of A then B. Conjunction plus computational amount with these iterative approaches stay deliberate. In addition, are current preliminaries methods for Gauss-Seidel and Jacobi iterations. Numerical samples are assumed to establish the effectiveness of these approaches and suggested in the example for each. using MATLAB, by explain the schedule. We also show that using iterations of the Jacobi blocks, we can expand the range of tasks for which this approach can be effective. For iterations of Jacobi blocks, it is important, that to knows kind the matrix structure for choosing the best method with accurate fast and short result.
Study of charge-sharing in MEDIPIX3 using a micro-focused synchrotron beam

X-ray photon-counting detectors consisting of a silicon pixel array sensor bump-bonded to a CMOS electronic readout chip offer several advantages over traditional X-ray detection technologies used for synchrotron applications. They offer high frame rate, dynamic range, count rate capability and signal-to-noise ratio. A survey of the requirements for future synchrotron detectors carried out at the Diamond Light Source synchrotron highlighted the needs for detectors with a pixel size of the order of 50μm. Reducing the pixel size leads to an increase of charge-sharing events between adjacent pixels and, therefore, to a degradation of the energy resolution and image quality of the detector. This effect was observed with MEDIPIX2, a photon-counting readout chip with a pixel size of 55μm. The lastest generation of the MEDIPIX family, MEDIPIX3, is designed to overcome this charge-sharing effect in an implemented readout operating mode referred to as Charge Summing Mode. MEDIPIX3 has the same pixel size as MEDIPIX2, but it is implemented in an 8-metal 0. 13μm CMOS technology which enables increased functionality per pixel. The present work focuses on the study of the charge-sharing effect when the MEDIPIX3 is operated in Charge Summing Mode compared to the conventional readout mode, referred to as Single Pixel Mode. Tests of a standard silicon photodiode array bump-bonded to MEDIPIX3 were performed in beamline B16 at the Diamond Light Source synchrotron. A monochromatic micro-focused beam of 2. 9μm x 2. 2μm size at 15keV was used to scan a cluster of nine pixels in order to study the charge collection and X-ray count allocation process for each readout mode, Single Pixel Mode and Charge Summing Mode. The study showed that charge-shared events were eliminated when Medipix3 was operated in Charge Summing Mode.
Comprehensive particle characterization during four nanotechnology processes

Production and handling of engineered nanomaterials is currently the subject of an increasingly large number of studies addressing workplace exposure; specifically, its quantification and mitigation. This intense focus is the result of an emerging appreciation of the toxicological characteristics of airborne nanoparticles (< 100 nm) following inhalation and their subsequent health effects (Maynard and Aitken, 2007). Efforts addressing this issue have been impeded somewhat by a lack of knowledge regarding the most appropriate instrumental means by which to quantify nanoparticle concentration and exposure (Methner et al., 2010). In order to contribute towards the filling of this knowledge gap, we deployed a comprehensive suite of particle instrumentation during four distinct nanoparticle-generating processes across three workplaces. The aim of this was to assess the relative importance of numerous measurement technologies in terms of quantifying worker exposure.
Time-resolved spectrometry for the characterization of a reference field for pulsed radiation

The investigation of the spectral change during a radiation pulse is of high interest. The aim of the work presented is to prove that the emitted X-ray spectrum of a novel X-ray tube [1], developed at PTB as a reference field for pulsed photon radiation, has no time dependency of the spectral distribution during the pulse. Nowadays X-ray tubes are pulsed by switching on and off the HV generator. Therefore, they have a rising edge of about 600 μs until the pre-set acceleration voltage (e.g. 60 kV) is reached. In contrast, the newly developed X-ray tube reduces the rise and fall time by up to a factor of 10 or 60, respectively. This was achieved by designing the X-ray tube as a triode. The X-ray emission of this tube can be switched on and off by switching only the quite low voltage of the additional grid while the high voltage remains constantly on. For the measurements we used a Timepix detector [2] operated in Time of Arrival (ToA) mode. Additionally, the adjustable analogue threshold was swept through. With such a measurement over multiple X-ray pulses we obtained information about the timing and the energy distribution of the emitted photons during the rise time of the HV generator. The real impinging spectrum was gained by the deconvolution of the time-resolved measured threshold scan. Such a deconvolution is necessary due to the blurring of the energy information in the pixelated sensor by effects like charge sharing or Compton scattering. For the deconvolution the Bayesian approach [3] was chosen as it turned out to be very stable even for low statistics in the measurements. For the novel X-ray tube it is now possible to confirm that the full acceleration voltage is reached quite instantaneously and therefore no spectral change can be observed.
EVALUATION OF POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR RAPID DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS

Summary : Background: Rapid and specific diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis is of utmost importance. Aim: To evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers directed against the 1S6110 gene of M tuberculosis in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Methods: PCR was performed on CSF samples from 34 patients suspected to have tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and 68 likely to be having meningitis due to other causes (controls). The first group was further divided into definite TBM and probable TBM using culture as the gold standard. Results : In 17 culture positive patients (definite TBM), PCR was positive in 13 while in 17 patients who were diagnosed clinically, PCR picked up 11 cases all of whom were culture negative. There were 2 PCR positives among the control group : one patient was HIV positive having cryptococca! meningitis, with disseminated tuberculosis in whom true positivity could not be ruled out. For final diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis, the overall sensitivity of microscopy, culture and PCR were 3%. 50%, and &71% and specificity 100%, 100% and 97% respectively. Conclusion : PCR is valuable in the rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.
Restoration of Dental Radiograms

In this paper, we propose an approach to restore the dental radiograms by reducing their noise and system blur, which is caused by radiographic imaging systems (X-Ray imaging systems). In proposed methodology by determination of the system effect of radiograms (i.e. the point spread function of system) a Wiener deconvolution filter has been constructed to remove the noise and system blur from the radiograms. The tests carried out on restoration of different dental radiograms demonstrate the high potentials of the proposed strategy.
KLauS – A charge readout and fast discrimination chip for silicon photomultipliers

KLauS is an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for the readout of silicon photomultipliers. The chip has been designed for the application in the analog hadronic calorimeter developed by the CALICE collaboration for the next linear collider experiment . To address the severe power constraints introduced by the highly granular design of the calorimeter, the chip has been designed for low power consumption while maintaining the high dynamic range and timing precision required by the experiment. In addition, a power gating scheme has been implemented to further decrease the average power consumption. For a duty cycle of 1 % a value of 25 μW per channel is achieved without affecting the readout capabilities of the chip. The chip has been designed in the 0.35 μm SiGe technology and provides a low power readout channel for SiPMs with low gain for the input stage of the existing readout chip SPIROC. The analog channel of KLauS will be implemented in a future version of the SPIROC chip.
Modeling technique for the efficient design of microwave bandpass filters

The design of microwave bandpass filter generally requires optimization or fine-tuning of the physical design parameters in order to meet the electrical specifications given by a frequency template. In this thesis we develop models to assist the designer in the time-efficient physical design of the distributed element microwave filters. The aim is to incorporate these models in different CAD methods. By a time-efficient design, we mean a design that requires a low number of EM simulations. The EM-simulations typically represent the most time-consuming step during the optimization process. We propose different modeling approaches for the frequency response behavior of the filter. The first approach models the coupling matrix as a function of the physical design parameters and the second approach models the scattering parameters, again as a function of the physical parameters. In the first part we focus on the extraction of the coupling matrix. We introduce a novel CAT technique based on an efficient estimation of the Jacobian of the function relating the design parameters to the coupling parameters. The estimation of the Jacobian uses adjoint sensitivity analysis, which drastically reduces the number of required EM-simulations. In the second part of the thesis we propose an alternative modeling approach which is based on the concept of a metamodel. The idea is that the metamodel is numerically much cheaper to evaluate than the original simulation model while keeping an acceptable accuracy. We apply these methods to several state of-the-art microstrip bandpass filters.
Large-scale fabrication of LP-CVD Si3N4 photonic crystal structures as freestanding reflectors with 1 mm aperture for Fabry-Pérot interferometers

Further developments of miniaturized spectrometry systems require tunable Fabry-Pérot-Interferometers (FPI). A main part of the FPI is the reflector, which is usually realized as a stack of alternating dielectric layers with high and low refractive index. To achieve high reflectivity adequate material property homogeneity for each layer is needed. For stacks with larger number of layers not only the integration with MEMS processes is challenging. Particularly stack structuring and the achievement of process compatibility to moveable MEMS structures are important. As an alternative to the alternating layer stack reflector, nanostructured photonic crystal (PhC) reflectors indicate equivalent performance by using only one layer leading to a minimized reflector complexity. This contribution presents a novel PhC reflector consisting of a 400 nm thin moveable nanostructured LP-CVD Si3N4 membrane realizing an aperture of 0.5 mm and 1 mm for reflectivity in the VIS range. Manufacturing of the reflectors is done on 6" wafers. The array of nanostructures is designed as 1 mm circular dies consisting of 436 nm wide holes with 545 nm pitch. The circular dies are arranged in an 8 x 8 matrix on the wafers with 7.5 mm pitch. Manufacturing and integration of the PhC reflectors into MEMS is realized by eBeam and nanoimprint lithography (NIL) nanostructure replication on 50 µm thin pre-etched Si membranes combined with further dry and wet etching processes. The fabricated PhC reflectors showed 424 nm wide holes and a pitch of 549 nm with a measured reflectivity above 90 % in the spectral range from 557 to 589 nm and a maximum reflectivity of 99 %.
A low power 12-bit 1 Msps successive approximation register ADC with an improved switching procedure

As a key building block of data acquisition systems, power dissipation of the successive approximation register (SAR) ADC determines the total power consumption of the system. In this paper, a low power 12-bit 1 Msps SAR ADC with an improved switching procedure is presented. Power consumption and area occupation could be significantly reduced by using the proposed switching procedure. Compared to converters that use the conventional switching procedure, the average switching energy could be reduced by about 80% and the total capacitance could be reduced by 50%. A simplified digital control logic is utilized to reduce power dissipation and area occupation of the digital control circuits. Simulation results show that the power dissipated by the proposed digital control circuits could be reduced by about 50% compared to the power dissipated by conventional control circuits. The chip has been processed in a standard 0.35 μm CMOS technology and has a core die area of 1.12 mm2. A signal-to-noise-and-distortion-ratio of 64.2 dB has been measured with a 100 kHz signal input under a wide range variation of temperature from −55 to 150 °C. The total power consumption of the prototype is only 0.72 mW with a 3.3 V supply voltage.
Tracking and Counting Motion for Monitoring Food Intake Based-On Depth Sensor and UDOO Board: A Comprehensive Review

Technology is all about helping people, which created a new opportunity to take serious action in managing their health care. Moreover, Obesity continues to be a serious public health concern in the Malaysia and continuing to rise. Obesity has been a serious health concern among people. Nearly half of Malaysian people overweight. Most of dietary approach is not tracking and detecting the right calorie intake for weight loss, but currently used tools such as food diaries require users to manually record and track the food calories, making them difficult for daily use. We will be developing a new tool that counts the food intake bite by monitoring hand gesture and face jaw motion movement of caloric intake. The Bite count method showed a good significant that can lead to a successful weight loss by simply monitoring the bite taken during eating. The device used was Kinect Xbox One which used a depth camera to detect the motion on person hand and face during food intake. Previous studies showed that most of the method used to count bite device is worn type. The recent trend is now going towards non-wearable devices due to the difficulty when wearing devices and it has high false alarm ratio. The proposed system gets data from the Kinect that will be monitoring the hand and face gesture of the user while eating. Then, the gesture of hand and face data is sent to the microcontroller board to recognize and start counting bite taken by the user. The system recognizes the patterns of bite taken from user by following the algorithm of basic eating type either using hand or chopstick. This system can help people who are trying to follow a proper way to reduce overweight or eating disorders by monitoring their meal intake and controlling eating rate.