Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of air – sea CO 2 fluxes in the northwestern European shelf 5373 Figure 1 Ireland France United Kingdom Plymouth Roscoff

From January 2011 to December 2013, we constructed a comprehensive pCO2 data set based on voluntary observing ship (VOS) measurements in the western English Channel (WEC). We subsequently estimated surface pCO2 and air–sea CO2 fluxes in northwestern European continental shelf waters using multiple linear regressions (MLRs) from remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a), wind speed (WND), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and modeled mixed layer depth (MLD). We developed specific MLRs for the seasonally stratified northern WEC (nWEC) and the permanently well-mixed southern WEC (sWEC) and calculated surface pCO2 with uncertainties of 17 and 16 μatm, respectively. We extrapolated the relationships obtained for the WEC based on the 2011–2013 data set (1) temporally over a decade and (2) spatially in the adjacent Celtic and Irish seas (CS and IS), two regions which exhibit hydrographical and biogeochemical characteristics similar to those of WEC waters. We validated these extrapolations with pCO2 data from the SOCAT and LDEO databases and obtained good agreement between modeled and observed data. On an annual scale, seasonally stratified systems acted as a sink of CO2 from the atmosphere of −0.6± 0.3, −0.9± 0.3 and −0.5± 0.3 mol C m yr in the northern Celtic Sea, southern Celtic sea and nWEC, respectively, whereas permanently well-mixed systems acted as source of CO2 to the atmosphere of 0.2± 0.2 and 0.3± 0.2 mol C m yr in the sWEC and IS, respectively. Air–sea CO2 fluxes showed important inter-annual variability resulting in significant differences in the intensity and/or direction of annual fluxes. We scaled the mean annual fluxes over these provinces for the last decade and obtained the first annual average uptake of −1.11± 0.32 Tg C yr for this part of the northwestern European continental shelf. Our study showed that combining VOS data with satellite observations can be a powerful tool to estimate and extrapolate air–sea CO2 fluxes in sparsely sampled area.
Exigências de lisina digestível e de energia metabolizável para codornas de corte em crescimento

The objective of this experiment was to estimate the digestible lysine and metabolizable energy (ME) requirements for growing meat quails (Coturnix coturnix sp). A total of 1,680 quails from 4 to 35 days of age of both sexes were used in a complete random experimental design in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme (DL = 0.92; 1.12; 1.32 and 1.52% × ME = 2,800; 2,900; 3,000 and 3,100 kcal/kg of the ration) totaling 16 diets evaluated with 3 replications of 35 quails per experimental diet. Increase of the levels of digestible lysine in the diet linearly increased body weight, weight gain, lysine intake and breast yield and reduced water content in the cuts. When levels of metabolizable energy were increased in the diet, it was observed a linear reduction on consumption of lysine and an increase of body weight and abdominal fat yield. However, The simultaneous increase of levels of lysine and metabolizable energy in the diet linearly reduced feed intake and linearly improved feed conversion in the 4-35 day period, but it increased fat content in the cuts. The nutritional requirement of digestible lysine for maximum growth of meat quails is greater than or equal to 1.52%. The level of 2,800 kcal/kg ME in ration is sufficient to allow a good performance of the birds, however, for a better feed conversion, greater levels are needed.
The White Majorcan Ovine Breed is not a Typical Mediterranean Carpet Wool Breed

To-date, no complete ethnological study of the White Majorcan ovine breed, a local indigenous breed restricted to the Balearic Islands, has been published. In order to contribute to the knowledge of this breed, in particular of its wool, fleece samples from 20 different adult animals were studied. Each sample was analyzed for wool yield, fibre diameter (fineness), fibre curvature, medullation (%), kemp (%), F30 (percentage of fibres with a diameter < 30 µ), length and proportion of short and long fibres, and crimp. For the wool yield, enlarged samples of 69 adult animals were studied (average 42.2±8.6 kg). The mean fibre diameter was 32.1 μm, with the values ranging from 4 to 149, presenting a clear skewed-to-coarse distribution. Mean curvature was 57.6. Percentages of medullation were very low (4.1%), as were those of kemp (0.008%). F30 showed a value of 52.6%. Short fibres were more abundant than long ones (1:1.3). The total wool weight ranged from one to two kg (4.4% of the body weight). All these fleece and wool characteristics of White Majorcan, that can be classified as a “medium-wool breed”, would indicate that this breed can be clearly differentiated from the rest of the Mediterranean group, which presents a coarse, mixed-wool fleece with a long, straight outer coat and short undercoat.
Loose Leaf Lettuce Quality Grown in Two Production Systems

Horticultural crops have a strong impact on human nutrition. Lettuce is the most important leafy vegetable in Argentina and it is cultivated mainly in green belts, in greenhouses or open field. The aim of this study was to evaluate growth and phytonutrients concentration of leaf lettuce under greenhouse and field production. Crop establishment was made from seedlings produced in a commercial greenhouse. Loose lettuce cv. Brisa was used for field and greenhouse growth. Experimental design with complete random block with 4 replicates per treatment was used. Fresh and dry weights of shoot, number of leaves, color, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll content were measured. Absolute and relative growth rate and commercial yield were calculated. Lettuce grown under greenhouse system showed, as expected, a higher value of fresh and dry weight, number of leaves, leaf area, yield and absolute and relative growth rate. Ascorbic acid value of the leaves decreased during lettuce growth in both production systems. Chlorophyll content was higher in the greenhouse cultivation but the antioxidant capacity was lower in lettuce leaves from greenhouse than the leaves grown on open field.
Iranian Tourism Demand for Malaysia: A Bound Test Approach

This paper investigate Iranian tourism demand to Malaysia using the recently developed autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) ‘Bound test’ approach to cointegration for 2000:Q1 to 2013:Q4. The demand for tourism has been explained by macroeconomic variables, including income in Iran, tourism prices in Malaysia, tourism price substitute, travel cost and trade value between Iran and Malaysia. In addition, three dummy variables, namely September 11 terrorist attack in 2001, the outbreak of SARS in 2003 and increase exchange rate in 2011 are also included. The results show that a long-run relationship exists between variables. Iranian tourist arrivals to Malaysia are positively influenced by Lag dependent variable (word of mouth), tourism price adjusted by exchange rate, tourism price substitute and trade value. Iranian tourists seem to be highly sensitive to the price variable. Also, ever since the September 11 attack, Malaysia has become an oasis for tourists from the Middle East (Iran) as it is able to provide a safe haven for Muslim tourists as an alternative destination.
A face with a cue: exploring the inevitability of person categorization

Recent research has explored the dynamics of categorical thinking, with debate centering on the putative automaticity of this process. In a further investigation of this topic, the current inquiry assessed the influence of critical category-cueing facial features on overt (i.e., category identification) and covert (i.e., category priming) measures of sex categorization. The results revealed that when a critical sex-specifying facial cue (i.e., hairstyle) was present, priming effects emerged even under suboptimal processing conditions (i.e., facial blurring). When this cue was absent, however, priming no longer occurred. Interestingly, category identification was largely unimpeded by feature removal or facial blurring. Taken together, these results underscore the efficiency of categorical thinking and the importance of task objectives and feature-based processing in person perception. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shalish and the Role of Brac's Federation: Improving the Poor's Access to Justice

System of informal justice is a reality in all countries of the world - especially in developing countries. In Bangladesh as there is no formal administrative justice system at the village level, shalsih (informal justice system) plays vital role in providing justice to the people - especially to the poor. Village elite is treated as the judge or justice provider to the people. The main problem is that they over exercise and misuse their power to do this. Almost in all cases they provide biased justice. Therefore, BRAC as a National NGO strives to motivate poor to organize themselves through forming Federation to protest in one sense and make sure the equal justice to all the villagers in other sense. The findings show that Federation is getting lot of successes towards achieving their goal although they face lot of challenges in their way now and then and in future as well.
Berkeley Supernova Ia Program – I. Observations, data reduction and spectroscopic sample of 582 low-redshift Type Ia supernovae

In this first paper in a series, we present 1298 low-redshift (z ≲ 0.2) optical spectra of 582 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed from 1989 to 2008 as part of the Berkeley Supernova Ia Program (BSNIP). 584 spectra of 199 SNe Ia have well-calibrated light curves with measured distance moduli, and many of the spectra have been corrected for host-galaxy contamination. Most of the data were obtained using the Kast double spectrograph mounted on the Shane 3 m telescope at Lick Observatory and have a typical wavelength range of 3300–10 400 A, roughly twice as wide as spectra from most previously published data sets. We present our observing and reduction procedures, and we describe the resulting SN Database, which will be an online, public, searchable data base containing all of our fully reduced spectra and companion photometry. In addition, we discuss our spectral classification scheme (using the SuperNova IDentification code, snid; Blondin & Tonry), utilizing our newly constructed set of snid spectral templates. These templates allow us to accurately classify our entire data set, and by doing so we are able to reclassify a handful of objects as bona fide SNe Ia and a few other objects as members of some of the peculiar SN Ia subtypes. In fact, our data set includes spectra of nearly 90 spectroscopically peculiar SNe Ia. We also present spectroscopic host-galaxy redshifts of some SNe Ia where these values were previously unknown. The sheer size of the BSNIP data set and the consistency of our observation and reduction methods make this sample unique among all other published SN Ia data sets and complementary in many ways to the large, low-redshift SN Ia spectra presented by Matheson et al. and Blondin et al. In other BSNIP papers in this series, we use these data to examine the relationships between spectroscopic characteristics and various observables such as photometric and host-galaxy properties.
Minimizing operating costs by specifying trucks based on operational statistics

In the process of specifying a heavy truck optimized for its transportation task, several choices, balancing between performance and economy, are required. This paper presents and compares different approaches on specifying heavy trucks. The actual performance and operating economy is compared for vehicles specified using three different methods. The first vehicle is based on market standards, the second is optimized based on operational factors given by the customer while the third is optimized using detailed operational statistics read out from vehicles in the customer's actual operation. Results indicate that a large amount of fuel, money and CO2 can be saved by optimizing truck specifications using operational statistics. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E219320.
FLUCTUATION IN PENSION FUND ASSETS PRIVATELY MANAGED UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF CERTAIN FACTORS. STATISTICAL STUDY IN ROMANIA

On international level, the economic and financial crisis has determined a diminution of the asset value of compulsory pension funds, reflecting a reallocation of funds towards alternative or low-risk investments. The present paper indicates how the net asset value of privately managed pension funds in Romania may be affected or not by certain influence factors in direct correlation with different asset allocation strategies of pension funds. In this way, on literature review there are many studies which have analyzed the fluctuation of pension funds assets and a better reallocation of their investment in order to improve their efficiency. The experience of the value fluctuation of privately administered pension fund net assets is highly important, firstly beacause of its effects on the increase and the decrease of invested values for the insured personsâ€(tm) accounts, under the circumstances of constantly maintaining their contributions and, implicitly, the results achieved through these investments. The research methodology consists in testing of five variables: currency exchange rate, credit interest rate, bank deposit interest rate, reference interest rate and value of the stock exchange market index (BET-C index), by means of the multiple linear regression method. The conclusion is that only two of these factors, namely, the currency exchange rate and the reference interest rate, influence net asset value of privately managed pension funds, the second pillar, one in direct and the other in indirect correlation. In order to neutralize the effects generated by the diminution of the net asset value of privately managed pension funds, considering a short time horizon, we shall elaborate a dynamic mix of their investments able to adapt to the fluctuations of the influence factors. Thus, new opportunities will be generated in order to achieve the efficiency of pension funds and to prevent the diminution of the value of insured individualsâ€(tm) contributions to these pension funds.
Employee Shareholding and the Opportunity Cost of Lending Funds: An Empirical Study in the Context of French Companies in the SBF 250

Considering trust as a universal mechanism of governance inherent in any cooperation. Our study proposes to invest a new facet of employee ownership. Indeed, the participation of employees in the capital of their businesses, by trust it induces, is likely to limit the uncertainty and distrust of resource providers. To test this relationship, we conducted two empirical studies. The first is to study the structure ratios and liquidity of companies in the SBF 250, in a longitudinal sample of 2001 to 2009. The second study provides a comparison of a matched cross sectional sample, on the score of Altman 19 pairs businesses.
A Theoretical Study of Structural, Electronic and Elastic Properties of the Antiperovskite SnNCa3

The structural, mechanical, electronic and phonon properties of antiperovskite SnNCa 3 compound in the cubic phase were systematically investigated by means of the density functional theory. The computed lattice constants and bulk modulus are well in accordance with the literature. The mechanical stability of the compound was examined via obtained elastic constants. The results indicated that SnNCa 3 antiperovskite compound is mechanically stable and brittle based on the Pugh`s criteria. The electronic band structure of the compound suggest that the material is metallic; the largest contribution to the conductivity are due to electrons of Sn-5p, N-2p and Ca-3d orbitals. In addition, phonon distribution curves and their corresponding density of states were obtained for the first time using the linear response approach by means of the density functional perturbation theory. The phonon properties investigation exhibited that SnNCa 3 antiperovskite compound is dynamically stable.
The influence of iron and light on net community production in the Subantarctic and Polar Frontal Zones

Abstract. The roles of iron and light in controlling biomass and primary productivity are clearly established in the Southern Ocean. However, their influence on net community production (NCP) and carbon export remains to be quantified. To improve our understanding of NCP and carbon export production in the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ) and the northern reaches of the Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ), we conducted continuous onboard determinations of NCP as part of the Sub-Antarctic Sensitivity to Environmental Change (SAZ-Sense) study, which occurred in January–February 2007. Biological O2 supersaturation was derived from measuring O2/Ar ratios by equilibrator inlet mass spectrometry. Based on these continuous measurements, NCP during the austral summer 2007 in the Australian SAZ was approximately 43 mmol O2 m−2 d−1. NCP showed significant spatial variability, with larger values near the Subtropical front, and a general southward decrease. For shallower mixed layers (
Constant force linear permanent magnet actuators

In applications, such as vibration isolation, gravity compensation, pick-and-place machines, etc., there is a need for (long-stroke) passive constant force actuators combined with tubular permanent magnet actuators to minimize the power consumption, hence, passively counteract the gravitational forces. For example, in pick-and-place machines, the passive devices allow the powerless counteraction of nozzles or tooling bits. In these applications, an increasing demand is arising for high-speed actuation with high precision and high bandwidth capability mainly due to the placement head being at the foundation of the motion chain, hence, a large mass of this device will result in high force/power requirements for the driving mechanism (i.e. an Hbridge three linear permanent magnet motors placed in an H-configuration. This paper investigates the combined constant-force with tubular actuator topology, where the two actuator topologies are separately introduced and the combination is verified using comprehensive three dimensional (3D) finite element analyses.
Reading the Classroom : A Two-Act ― Play ‖ on the Conflicting Roles in Student Teaching

This case study examined concentric and reciprocal notions of reading—that of high school students, a pre-service teacher, and a teacher educator. An intern charged with teaching students to read, interact with, and compose texts in an English/language arts classroom constructed her role in the classroom based on her reading the ―text‖ of her internship experiences, relationships, and responsibilities. Using interviews and observations, a teacher educator read and interpreted the classroom ―text‖ the pre-service teacher ―composed‖ during her internship and then constructed a two-act ―play‖ which details the conflict in the intern‘s enacting the dual role of student-teacher and her subsequent reading of the classroom ―text‖ from her stance as studentteacher. Concepts of classroom literacy for teachers and teacher educators are considered.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTS OF FU ORIONIS OBJECTS WITH HERSCHEL

We present Herschel-HIFI, SPIRE, and PACS 50–670 μm imaging and spectroscopy of six FU Orionis-type objects and candidates (FU Orionis, V1735 Cyg, V1515 Cyg, V1057 Cyg, V1331 Cyg, and HBC 722), ranging in outburst date from 1936 to 2010, from the “FOOSH” (FU Orionis Objects Surveyed with Herschel) program, as well as ancillary results from Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph and the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. In their system properties (Lbol, Tbol, and line emission), we find that FUors are in a variety of evolutionary states. Additionally, some FUors have features of both Class I and II sources: warm continuum consistent with Class II sources, but rotational line emission typical of Class I, far higher than Class II sources of similar mass/luminosity. Combining several classification techniques, we find an evolutionary sequence consistent with previous mid-IR indicators. We detect [O i] in every source at luminosities consistent with Class 0/I protostars, much greater than in Class II disks. We detect transitions of 13CO (Jup of 5–8) around two sources (V1735 Cyg and HBC 722) but attribute them to nearby protostars. Of the remaining sources, three (FU Ori, V1515 Cyg, and V1331 Cyg) exhibit only low-lying CO, but one (V1057 Cyg) shows CO up to J = 23 → 22 and evidence for H2O and OH emission, at strengths typical of protostars rather than T Tauri stars. Rotational temperatures for “cool” CO components range from 20 to 81 K, for ∼ 1050 total CO molecules. We detect [C i] and [N ii] primarily as diffuse emission.
What Drives Business Cycles in a Small Open Economy with a Fixed Exchange Rate

We decompose the Danish business cycle into ten structural shocks using an open-economy DSGE model with infrequent determination of prices and wages which we estimate with Bayesian techniques. Consistent with the Danish monetary policy regime, we formulate an imperfect peg on the foreign exchange rate and analyse the resulting monetary transmission mechanism. We find that the Danish business cycle is dominated by stochastic movements in the labour supply in the long term, while demand shocks play a major role in the short term. Remarkably, the role of technology is negligible, and foreign factors only contribute little to the Danish business cycle, especially in the long term. With respect to the estimation, we generally find believable estimates although the degree of price stickiness is remarkably high.
A Preference-Based Supervising of Virtual Machines in Cloud Environment

Cloud Computing is a well-known technology in today’s world. A large number of users are benefited from the cloud services. The cloud computing must provide efficient service on time for customer satisfaction. So, prominent resource monitoring and scheduling techniques are needed. To achieve the customer satisfaction and to reduce the communication overhead, a method called Resource Supervisor (RS) is proposed. The proposed algorithm assigns the preference for the tasks having highest length, monitor the status of the resource and schedule the tasks to various resources quickly. The proposed method is implemented using Cloud Simulator, and experimental results are validated by comparing RS method with existing algorithms, which provides better outcomes and reduces the communication overhead.
IMPROVING INFERENCES IN POPULATION STUDIES OF RARE SPECIES THAT ARE DETECTED IMPERFECTLY

For the vast majority of cases, it is highly unlikely that all the individuals of a population will be encountered during a study. Furthermore, it is unlikely that a constant fraction of the population is encountered over times, locations, or species to be compared. Hence, simple counts usually will not be good indices of population size. We recommend that detection probabilities (the probability of including an individual in a count) be estimated and incorporated into inference procedures. However, most techniques for estimating detection probability require moderate sample sizes, which may not be achievable when studying rare species. In order to improve the reliability of inferences from studies of rare species, we suggest two general approaches that researchers may wish to consider that incorporate the concept of imperfect detectability: (1) borrowing information about detectability or the other quantities of interest from other times, places, or species; and (2) using state variables other than abundance (e.g., species richness and occupancy). We illustrate these suggestions with examples and discuss the relative benefits and drawbacks of each approach.