Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of approaches for change impact analysis and facilitating finding reviewers in testing frameworks

As software becomes larger and more complex and time between deliveries decreases the more maintenance becomes an issue. An established way to facilitate some maintenance efforts is to use automated testing frameworks to reduce the time needed for testing, freeing up both computational and human resources for other tasks. However, as the number of testers using such a framework increase so does the maintenance efforts on the framework itself and there seems to be a gap in research regarding processes for improving maintainability in testing frameworks. This study aims to provide means of improving maintainability of testing frameworks by first investigating issues that hinder maintenance efforts in a real testing framework and search in literature for possible solutions that can be applied to address the issues. We implement a tool for change impact analysis to assist maintainers in making informed decisions during maintenance and we create guidelines for what to consider when selecting tools for automatic reviewer recommendation. We evaluate the tool and guidelines by interviewing experienced practitioners and the results show that maintainability of a testing framework can be improved by using tools for CIA and the guidelines provide a good starting point for practitioners wishing to learn about reviewer recommendation tools. Specifically, we found that by using our tool maintainers can more easily identify the impact of their modifications and understand the related components of the framework, allowing them to mitigate the risk of introducing faults by taking corrective actions. The interviewees pointed out that there are limitations of the tool in the current context, most importantly that a specific type of important files are not covered and that the impact set may sometimes be too large. These are limitations that should be addressed in future research as all interviewees agreed that if they could be addressed, the tool would be very valuable. Ultimately, our contributions to research are i) fostering transfer of research in CIA to industry and assessing its effect, ii) identifying challenges in implementing tools for CIA in practise and iii) providing means of understanding tools for reviewer recommendation. Thus, the end goal of the thesis goes beyond the deliverables we produce, additionally, we aim to generalize the results of the thesis such that they can be applied in other contexts where organizations using testing frameworks face similar problems. In the long term, our research lays the foundation for continuing transferring research to industry and helping researchers identify where their efforts are most needed in the industry.
Use of Molecular Markers to Improve the Agro-Industrial Productivity inthe North West of Argentina

Genetic improvement of crop plants through conventional breeding has been the cornerstone to improve global agricultural production. Nowadays, different molecular biology techniques have become available to supplement and assist conventional breeding, among them the utilization of molecular markers. The generation of molecular, or DNA, markers are based on two basic molecular biology methods in order to be able to detect polymorphism: Southern blotting, a nucleic acid hybridization technique, and the amplification in vitro of specific DNA segments by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique . By using these two methods and several variations of the basic technologies, many different kind of molecular markers have been developed during the last decades. It is important to note that for a molecular marker to be efficient in crop breeding it should meet most of the following criteria [: high level of polymorphism; even distribution across the whole genome (not clustered in certain regions); co-dominance (or capacity to identify at heterozygous); clear distinct allelic features; single copy; low cost to use (or cost-efficient marker development and genotyping); easy assay/detection and automation; high availability (un-restricted use) and suitability to be duplicated/multiplexed (so that the data can be accumulated and shared between laboratories); genome-specific in nature (especially with polyploids) and have no detrimental effect on phenotype. However, the choice of the best marker system depends on many other factors as well including crop genetics and available resources (time, reagents, equipments, etc).
Medium‐range multimodel ensemble combination and calibration

As part of its contribution to The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX), the Met Office has developed a global, 15 day multimodel ensemble. The multimodel ensemble combines ensembles from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Met Office and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and is calibrated to give further improvements. The ensemble post‐processing includes bias correction, model‐dependent weights and variance adjustment, all of which are based on linear‐filter estimates using past forecast‐verification pairs, calculated separately for each grid point and forecast lead time.
THE CHARACTERIZATION OF GUT MICROFLORA AND GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMATOLOGY IN CHILDREN AGES 3-9 YEARS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS

OBJECTIVE: To quantify and compare beneficial (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacilli) and pathogenic (Clostridium clusters I, XIV, and boltae) intestinal microflora of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with that of age and gender-matched controls. Also, another objective was to identify any associations between relative abundance (RA) of either beneficial or pathogenic bacteria and parent-reported gastrointestinal symptoms. METHODS: Participants were selected based on the strict eligibility criteria prohibiting prior use of antibiotics or probiotics. Molecular characterization of the stool samples included Real-Time PCR assays for total Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium(C.clusters I, XIV, and C.bolteae). RESULTS: Unpaired t-tests of the molecular characterization of ASD stool samples revealed significantly lower amounts of Lactobacilli (p = 0.0059) and higher amounts of C.bolteae (p = 0.0079) than that of their age and gender-matched peers. No significant differences were found in the levels of Bifidobacterium (p=0.2066), C.cluster I (p = 0.9391), and C.cluster XIV (p = 0.187) between the two groups. Pearson correlation
Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil selecting a solid catalyst derived from activated coconut coir

In the quest for cost-effective production of biodiesel, selection of cheap feedstocks and catalysts play the significant role. Waste cooking oil is abundantly available from all types of restaurants throughout the world. Catalyst selected for this feedstock should be heterogeneous. Coconut coir, which is biomass and source of carbon, was selected for its study as a catalyst for biodiesel production. This paper is based on a comparison of a solid catalyst by two processes: (i) sulphonation of coconut coir char (pyrolysed at 500°C for 3 hours) and (ii) digestion of pyrolysed coconut coir with 10% NaOH at 70°C for 4 hours followed by sulphonation. Comparison of both the solid catalysts thus prepared was done based on their physical properties, total acid density, SEM and FT-IR analysis. The higher percentage of fixed carbon content, higher acid density and BET surface area, better morphological surface and pronounced presence of sulphonic (-SO3H), carboxylic (-COOH) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups favours the selection of catalyst prepared by the second method for further study for biodiesel formation using waste cooking oil as the feedstock. Effects of various parameters on biodiesel production: alcohol to oil ratio (A:O), time of reaction, reaction temperature and catalyst loading were studied. At the optimised conditions, the biodiesel conversion was 90.12%. Biodiesel produced by the method was characterised regarding fuel properties and were found close with the standard values.
Reflection Decomposition in Single Images Using an Optimum Thresholding-based Method

Traditional methods of separating reflection components have been developed based on multiple images. There are only few methods which are able to use a single image. However, their applicability is limited due to offline setting of its arbitrary parameter. In this study, we propose an effective method to separate specular components using a single image which based on an optimum thresholding-based technique. This method employs modified specular-free image and selects an optimum value for the offset parameter. In contrast to prior method, the proposed method processes all the steps automatically and produces better performance. Experimental results for inhomogeneous objects demonstrate the promising applicability for real-time implementation. However, this method is unsuitable for objects with strong specular reflection. An extension is suggested to include the specular lobe reflectance into Shafer dichromatic model.
A Simple Conditional Approach for Generating Spatial Correlated Binary Data

Generating a spatial random field in which the observations are binary random variables with a particular covariance function may be impossible, because there are restrictions on the parameters of Bernoulli variables. This paper develops a conditional method based from spatial GLMM for generating spatial correlated binary data, which can generate spatial correlated binary data, with the variograms of the simulated data are similar to the variograms of the corresponding latent Gaussian random field. However, the closed form for their spatial correlation is not available specifically.
Comparative assessment of processes for the transportation of thermal energy over long distances

This papers deals with the transportation of thermal energy over long distances that could allow the recovery of waste heat from industrial sites. Processes involving thermochemical transformations can be relevant for such purpose as they involve the transportation of a reactive fluid at ambient temperature, and thus allow large distances between source and users. This paper aims to evaluate the performances of all the systems devoted to the transportation of energy, including classical processes (involving electricity, coolant, slurry). A general method has been developed to assess the performances of all the paths of energy transportation. The aim is to analyze the relevance of each process on the same basis. The exergy destruction in each part of these systems is analyzed and the exergy yields are compared
Mating competition and parentage assessment in Ptomascopus morio (Coleoptera: Silphidae): A case for resource defense polygyny

Ptomascopus morio of both sexes are attracted to vertebrate carcasses, a necessary resource for reproduction. The stage during reproduction that resource defense was most intense and the hypothesis that large beetles were better competitors and sired a larger share of the offspring were supported and tested. Male-male aggression (pushing, biting and mounting) was commonly observed before and during oviposition, but rarely after the larvae hatched. Few female-female aggressive interactions were observed at any time. Parentage analysis of the offspring of six groups of two males and two females each reproducing on a separate carcass revealed that the large males sired more of the offspring than small males. Paternity analysis, using AFLP markers, revealed that larger males had higher paternity than smaller males, but the number of eggs produced by each female did not differ between large and small females. This suggests that competition among males is intense until the end of oviposition and that resident (large) males can acquire more mates and sire more offspring than smaller males; competition among females was not evident at any time.
Organizational Change: Importance of Leadership Style and Training

In parallel with the rapid transformation of the world, there emerged some changes in both the approaches to leadershipand the information obtained. When the approaches to leadership are viewed, it is seen that previously it had beenmostly addressed along with power, competence and it had been ascribed to the rulers of a country. The modernapproaches to leadership today are represented by some attributes of the leaders such as having charisma, being able tocreate organizational change, performing change, creativity in their own fields, and being successful in an environmentof uncertainty. Furthermore, it is a crucial point that the human resources are required to be used more effectively andefficiently in order to keep up with the developments, transformations experienced and to have competitive power.Therefore, in order to improve the performance of human resources, to increase the level of knowledge and skill and toadapt to organizational change, due attention should be given to training facilities and measures to increase the efficacyof the training should be introduced. This study deals with the concepts of organizational change, leadership, training,the importance of training and leadership during the course of organizational change, and their possible effects.
Determinants of the extent of voluntary disclosure in the annual reports of the Moroccan banks

Many studies have been conducted on the voluntary disclosure practices. Researchers still continue to come up with various conclusions with regard to the determinants of voluntary disclosure. The main objective of this study is to investigate the determinants of the level of voluntary disclosure of banking companies listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange. In particular, we examine associations between the internal and external mechanisms of governance and the extent of voluntary disclosure. Analysis of annual reports of the Moroccan listed banks during the period 2005-2015, shows that the foreign ownership has the most significant positive impact on the extent of voluntary disclosure. The results also show that larger banks provide greater level of voluntary disclosure. However, contrary to Agency theory predictions, the CEO duality has a significant positive impact on the extent of voluntary disclosure of Moroccan listed banks. Other mechanisms of governance like board size, board independence, block ownership and government ownership are not significantly associated with voluntary disclosure. Keywords: Voluntary disclosure, banking companies, internal and external mechanisms of governance, annual reports, Agency theory predictions.
A constructional approach to lexicalization processes in the history of English: Evidence from possessive constructions

This article is concerned with aspects of lexicalization in the history of English from the perspective of Construction Grammar (CxnG). I show how constructional approaches can account for both grammaticalization and lexicalization within a unified framework, basing my argument around the two kinds of input to lexicalization which Brinton & Traugott (2005: 96) identify: syntactic constructions and word formation patterns. In lexicalization, linguistic forms that initially participate in an abstract schematic macro- or meso-construction, become idiosyncratic micro-constructions, whereas in grammaticalization an idiosyncratic micro-construction comes to participate in a more schematic meso- or macro-level construction. The main part of the paper is devoted to a discussion of the evolution of what Taylor (1996) has described as possessive compounds, such as driver's license, in the history of English. I specifically consider how the CxnG framework can explain the development of form-meaning mismatches, conve.
Title The effects of rumination and depressive symptoms on the prediction of negative attributional style among college students

Research on cognitive vulnerability to depression has identified negative cognitive style and rumination as distinct risk factors for depression but how rumination would influence negative cognitive style remains unclear. The present study investigated the relationship between rumination and negative attributional style and specifically tested the potential moderating effect of depressive symptoms and processing mode during rumination on activating negative attributional style. After completing the baseline measures of depressive symptoms, dysphoric affect, and negative attributional style, participants were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: analytical selffocus, experiential self-focus, and distraction, in which the degree of self-focus and mode of processing were manipulated. A second set of mood and cognitive measures was administered afterwards. Results showed that a stronger positive relationship between negative attributional style and level of depressive symptoms was found in the analytical self-focus condition, relative to the experiential and distraction conditions. This finding suggested that processing mode in rumination interacted with depressive symptoms to predict negative attributional style.
The effectiveness of feature selection method in solar power prediction

This paper empirically shows that the effect of applying selected feature subsets on machine learning techniques significantly improves the accuracy for solar power prediction. Experiments are performed using five well-known wrapper feature selection methods to obtain the solar power prediction accuracy of machine learning techniques with selected feature subsets. For all the experiments, the machine learning techniques, namely, least median square (LMS), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and support vector machine (SVM), are used. Afterwards, these results are compared with the solar power prediction accuracy of those same machine leaning techniques (i.e., LMS, MLP, and SVM) but without applying feature selection methods (WAFS). Experiments are carried out using reliable and real life historical meteorological data. The comparison between the results clearly shows that LMS, MLP, and SVM provide better prediction accuracy (i.e., reduced MAE and MASE) with selected feature subsets than without selected feature subsets. Experimental results of this paper facilitate to make a concrete verdict that providing more attention and effort towards the feature subset selection aspect (e.g., selected feature subsets on prediction accuracy which is investigated in this paper) can significantly contribute to improve the accuracy of solar power prediction.
The Contrast Model of Similarity and Comparative Advertising

Two studies are reported which examine the existence of attribute redundancy as well as consumers' ability to perceive attribute redundancy in consumer information environments. The results of the first study suggest that attribute redundancy varies widely from product category to product category. The results of the second study suggest that consumers' ability to perceive attribute relationships improves with product knowledge. Unexpected was an observed U-shaped relationship between consumers' perceptions of attribute redundancy and attribute knowledge. Together the results suggest a number of policy implications regarding the value of consumer information programs.
Molluscicidal Activity of the Essential Oils of Cymbopogon nervatus Leaves and Boswellia papyrifera Resins

The main objectives of this research is to evaluate the molluscicidal activity of the volatile oils of Cymbopogon nervatus and Boswellia papyrifera against the snails Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus truncatus under laboratory conditions. It is evident from the present results that C. nervatus (LD 50 against B. pfeifferi = 213.099 ppm; LD 50 against B. truncatus = 237.33 ppm) and B. papyrifera (LD 50 against B. pfeifferi = 213.31 ppm; LD 50 against B. truncatus = 311.05 ppm) essential oils are potential molluscicidal agents. Their toxicity exhibited a dose dependent pattern. The demonstrated bioactivity may be attributed to terpenoid compounds present in these oils. The present study can be considered as the first attempt to evaluate these plants against hosts of Bilharzia. These oils may offer an alternative tool for the control of schistosomiasis in Sudan.
Intrapopulation variation in endurance of Galápagos lava lizards (Microlophus albemarlensis): evidence for an interaction between natural and sexual selection

Variation in the risk of predation may profoundly affect the evolution of anti-predator behaviours. Theory predicts that selection would favour enhanced locomotor capacity in highrisk environments, such as open habitats. An earlier study demonstrated significant intrapopulation and intersexual variation in wariness and sprint speed among the lava lizards (Microlophus albemarlensis) that was concordant with presumed risk of predation on Isla Plaza Sur in the Galápagos Archipelago. In particular, males and females from sparsely vegetated areas had greater approach and flight distances than those of more highly vegetated areas; males were also faster than females. We now compare endurance capacities of males and females from the same population on Isla Plaza Sur. We predicted the higher presumed risk of predation in the sparsely vegetated region would favour enhanced performance capacities. In addition, we predicted that sexual selection for territory defence would favour males that had the ability to flee long distances. Lizards from the sparsely vegetated area did have higher endurance than those from the vegetated area. Males had higher endurance times than females, but this difference was an outcome of body size, which was inconsistent with the sexual selection hypothesis. The significant differences in endurance between locations combined with the absence of dimorphism in performance suggest that the intrapopulation differences are an outcome of natural selection for predator escape.
Functional linear models to test for differences in prairie wetland hydraulic gradients

Functional data analysis provides a framework for analyzing multiple time series measured frequently in time, treating each series as a continuous function of time. Functional linear models are used to test for effects on hydraulic gradient functional responses collected from three types of land use in Northeastern Montana at fourteen locations. Penalized regression-splines are used to estimate the underlying continuous functions based on the discretely recorded (over time) gradient measurements. Permutation methods are used to assess the statistical significance of effects. A method for accommodating missing observations in each time series is described. Hydraulic gradients may be an initial and fundamental ecosystem process that responds to climate change. We suggest other potential uses of these methods for detecting evidence of climate change.
A metric Suite for Systematic Quality Assessment of Linked Open Data

The vision of the Linked Open Data (LOD) initiative is to provide a distributed model for publishing and meaningfully interlinking open data. The realization of this goal depends strongly on the quality of the data that is published as a part of the LOD. This paper focuses on the systematic quality assessment of datasets prior to publication on the LOD cloud. To this end, we identify important quality deficiencies that need to be avoided and/or resolved prior to the publication of a dataset. We then propose a set of metrics to measure these quality deficiencies in a dataset. This way, we enable the assessment and identification of undesirable quality characteristics of a dataset through our proposed metrics. This will help publishers to filter out low-quality data based on the quality assessment results, which in turn enables data consumers to make better and more informed decisions when using the open datasets.