Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fumigant toxicity of monoterpenoid compounds against the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

This study was carried out to determine the fumigant toxicity of the monoterpenoid compounds; α-pinene, pcymene, eugenol, cuminaldehyde, linalyl acetate, linalool, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, limonene, β-pinene, allyl isothiocyanate and diallyl disulphide against all life stages of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. at 25°C and 65% RH. Preliminary biological tests were performed to test the fumigant activity of monoterpenoid compounds against all life stages of T. confusum exposed to a dose of 100 µLL−1 for 24-h. Preliminary biological tests indicated that allyl isothiocyanate and diallyl disulphide had high fumigant activity on all life stages of the test insect with mortality rates ranging from 92 to 100%, while cuminaldehyde was highly toxic to only its egg stage. Other monoterpenoid compounds, apart from cuminaldehyde, allyl isothiocyanate and diallyl disulphide, showed low fumigant toxicity to all life stages of the test insect with mortality rates ranging from 0 to 27.3%. Allyl isothiocyanate and diallyl disulfide were the only compounds to kill all life stages of T. confusum. Lethal concentration tests showed that allyl isothiocyanate was more toxic to T. confusum larvae, pupa and adults with 5.99, 2.69 and 3.50 µLL−1 LC90 values, respectively, than diallyl disulphide by 98.06, 42.26 and 47.57 µLL−1 LC90 values, respectively. The complete mortality of all life stages of T. confusum was achieved at a Ct product (Concentration x time) of 254 mg h L-1 of allyl isothiocyanate. Based on the toxicity data, allyl isothiocyanate has potential as a fumigant for controlling stored-grain insects
Reputation systems for human-computer environments

Understanding the principles of consensus in communities and finding ways to find solutions to the optimal community as a whole becomes crucial as the speeds and scales of interaction in modern distributed systems increase. Such systems can be both socially-information computer networks that unite the masses of people, and multi-agent computing platforms, including peer-to-peer systems such as blockchains, operating on the basis of distributed ledger. Finally, it is now becoming possible for hybrid ecosystems to emerge, which include both humans and computer systems using artificial intelligence. We propose a new form of consensus for such systems, based on the reputation of the participants, calculated according to the principle of "fluid democracy". We expect that such a system will be more resistant to social engineering and reputation manipulation than the existing systems. In this article, we discuss the basic principles and options for implementing such a system, and also present preliminary practical results.
Genetic variability analysis for selection of high yielding and superior Anthuriumandreanum Linden hybrids

Anthuriumandreanum Linden, is one of the most commercially cultivated anthurium species belonging to the family Araceae. They are widely accepted as ornamental for their showy and colorful spadix. Fifteen Anthuriumandreanum Linden hybrids maintained at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani were utilized for the study. The hybrids were evaluated for commercially important characters and the genetic parameters contributing to these characters were analyzed. Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV), Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV), heritability and genetic advance of seventeen characters were studied to identify the yield contributing characters and their gene action. PCV was found higher in magnitude than GCV for all the observed characters. The highest GCV and PCV were observed for the character number of suckers per plant. The characters such as internode length and duration of male and female phases were found to be influenced by environmental factors as they indicate high PCV and low GCV. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed in almost all characters except internode length, days from emergence to maturity of leaves, number of suckers per plant, days from emergence to maturity of inflorescence and duration of female and male phases. These traits are controlled byadditive gene action and are less influenced by the environment. Thus, these characters can be used for reliable phenotypic selection of high yielding and superior anthurium hybrids.
Coordination polymerization of lactides, 4. The role of transesterification in the copolymerization of L,L‐lactide and ε‐caprolactone

Two modes of transesterification in copolymerization of L,L-lactide with e-caprolactone in the presence of initiators containing Al and Zn were found. The quantitative analysis of the contributions of both types of transesterification reactions is revealed. The transesterification ability of initiators containing zinc is greater than that of initiators containing aluminium. Decrease of the reaction temperature tends to reduce both the first and the second mode of transesterification, leading to an elongation of blocks in the copolymer chains.
Kinetics and mechanism of the nucleophilic cleavage of disulfide bond in 2,2'-dithio-diimidazoles with hydroxide ions

Kinetics of the cleavage of disulfide bond of dithiobisdisulfides of diimidazoles to their parent imidazoles by hydroxide ion have been investigated spectrophotometrically. Rate equation and other observations suggest that the nucleophilic attack of hydroxide ion on one of the sulfur atoms of disulfide bond is a rate limiting step. This process is accompanied by much slower, parallel reaction with water as a nucleophile. Hence the full kinetic equation for nucleophilic cleavage of 2,2'-dithio-diimidazoles in aqueous alkaline solutions is a two-term equation: -(d[RSSR]/dt) = k 1 [RSSR][OH - ] + k 2 [RSSR][H 2 O], where k 1 > k 2 . The mechanism of the reaction is proposed.
Shear work, viscous dissipation and axial conduction effects on microchannel heat transfer with a constant wall temperature

Convective heat transfer in a microchannel rarefied gas flow with a constant wall temperature boundary condition is investigated numerically. The boundary shear work, viscous dissipation and axial conduction are all included in the study. An analytical solution is also derived for the fully developed flow condition including the boundary shear work. The proper thermal boundary condition considering the sliding friction at the wall is implemented. A comparative study is performed to quantify the effect of the shear work on heat transfer in the entrance – and the fully developed – regions of the microchannel for both gas cooling and heating. The results demonstrate that the effect of shear work on heat transfer is significant and it increases with increasing both the Knudsen number and Brinkman number. Neglecting the shear work in a microchannel slip flow leads to over- or under estimation of the Nusselt number considerably. For a fully developed flow in a microchannel with constant wall temperature boundary condition, the contribution of the shear work to heat transfer can be around 55% in the vicinity of the upper limit of the slip flow regime, regardless of how small the non-zero Brinkman number can be. Including the shear work is therefore crucial in the analysis of microchannel heat transfer and should not be neglected.
Summary of the Models and Methods for the FEHM Application-A Finite-Element Heat- and Mass-Transfer Code

The mathematical models and numerical methods employed by the FEHM application, a finite-element heat- and mass-transfer computer code that can simulate nonisothermal multiphase multi-component flow in porous media, are described. The use of this code is applicable to natural-state studies of geothermal systems and groundwater flow. A primary use of the FEHM application will be to assist in the understanding of flow fields and mass transport in the saturated and unsaturated zones below the proposed Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository in Nevada. The component models of FEHM are discussed. The first major component, Flow- and Energy-Transport Equations, deals with heat conduction; heat and mass transfer with pressure- and temperature-dependent properties, relative permeabilities and capillary pressures; isothermal air-water transport; and heat and mass transfer with noncondensible gas. The second component, Dual-Porosity and Double-Porosity/Double-Permeability Formulation, is designed for problems dominated by fracture flow. Another component, The Solute-Transport Models, includes both a reactive-transport model that simulates transport of multiple solutes with chemical reaction and a particle-tracking model. Finally, the component, Constitutive Relationships, deals with pressure- and temperature-dependent fluid/air/gas properties, relative permeabilities and capillary pressures, stress dependencies, and reactive and sorbing solutes. Each of these components is discussed in detail, including purpose, assumptions andmore » limitations, derivation, applications, numerical method type, derivation of numerical model, location in the FEHM code flow, numerical stability and accuracy, and alternative approaches to modeling the component. « less
Thermochemical data of pure substances

Part 1 Basic principles: thermodynamic functions and relations - the basic concepts, the first law of thermodynamics, Joule-Thomson effect, the second law of thermodynamics, the third law of thermodynamics (Nernst heat theorem), fundamental relations of thermodynamics, closed system with reactions, chemical potential, chemical equilibrium, mixtures, Gibbs phase rule, electrochemical reactions calculations of thermochemical functions - units and conventions, calculations of the thermochemical functions of pure substances, equilibrium calculations, exergy and entropy balances. Part 2 Compilation and presentation of thermochemical data: compilation of thermochemical data - basic thermochemical data, existing compilations, thermochemical tables. Part 3 Tables in the present work: preparation of the tables - general remarks, data sources, accuracy, units, standard states, reference phase for the elements at 298.15K and 1 bar construction of the tables - arrangement of substances, order of the phases in the tables contents and structure of the tables - formula, name and relative molar mass, tabulated functions, sequence of temperatures, phase transitions, the final temperature in the tables, references for the sources of data, abbreviations and symbols. Part 4 Examples of the use of the tables: examples of thermodynamic calculations - enthalpy changes, exergy and entropy balance calculations, equilibrium calculations, equilibrium in simplified systems with several phases and components, electrochemical energy conversion, high temperature fuel cell, the calculation of equilibria in multi-phases, multicomponent systems. Part 5 Information on the tables: fundamental constants and conversion factors - fundamental constants, conversion factors for energy units, conversions for entropies of gases, relative atomic masses of the elements based on A. =12 for 12C. Part 6 Symbols, abbreviations and references: symbols and abbreviations used in the tables reference phases of elements at 1 bar references for the data in the tables. Part 7 The tables: tables of thermochemical data of pure substances.
Assessment of a Public Health Promotion and Education Module at the Graduate Level: A Basis for Revision of Learning Resource Material for Teaching and Training Health Promotion and Education

Corresponding author: Jonathan P. Guevarra, RN, RM, MAN Department of Health Promotion and Education College of Public Health University of the Philippines Manila 625 Pedro Gil St., Ermita, Manila 1000 Philippines Telephone: +632 5260811 Email: jpguevarra2@up.edu. ph Assessment of a Public Health Promotion and Education Module at the Graduate Level: A Basis for Revision of Learning Resource Material for Teaching and Training Health Promotion and Education
Thermodynamic and kinetic study on interfacial reaction and diamond graphitization of Cu Fe-based diamond composite

Cu—Fe based diamond composites used for saw-blade segments are directly fabricated by vacuum and pressure-assisted sintering. The carbide forming elements Cr and Ti are added to improve interfacial bonding between diamond and the Cu—Fe matrix. The interfacial reactions between diamond/graphite and Cr or Ti, and diamond graphitization are investigated by thermodynamics/kinetics analyses and experimental methods. The results show that interfacial reactions and graphitization of diamond can automatically proceed thermodynamically. The Cr3C2, Cr7C3, Cr23C6, and TiC are formed at the interfaces of composites by reactions between diamond and Cr or Ti; diamond graphitization does not occur because of the kinetic difficulty at 1093 K under the pressure of 13 MPa.
Effect of orifice size and bond number on bubble formation characteristics: A CFD study

The volume of fluid with the continuum surface force (VOF-CSF) model has been used in the present numerical study to investigate bubble formation and shapes in a bubble column. The effects of orifice sizes ranging from 0.5-1.5mm on the bubble formation stages (i.e., expansion, elongation, and pinch-off), bubble contact angle, departure diameter, time, and shape of bubble are investigated under a constant inlet velocity (0.2m/s) boundary condition (BC). It is found that the initial formation of a bubble is dependent on the orifice diameter. Consequently, the formation of the bubble's hemispherical shape at the orifice is faster for a smaller orifice diameter than for a larger orifice diameter which forms a bigger bubble. A leading bubble requires a longer time to detach itself from an orifice in comparison to the next bubble (the second bubble), but interestingly the third bubble detaches much faster than the second. This model was also used to investigate the effect of the Bond number (Bos). An increase of the Bond number (Bos) from 0.047 to 0.16 speeds up the bubble pinch-off, but a further increase in the Bos (e.g. 0.17-0.47) slows it down. Based on the simulated cases used in this study, the findings demonstrate the capacity and accuracy of the CFD method in predicting bubble formation characteristics. The findings may be useful in the design of spargers for bubble column reactors.
Biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from aquaculture farm soil and its optimisation

In the present study, aquaculture farm soil was screened for the biosurfactant producing bacteria. Total of 43 distinct morphological colonies were isolated from the farm soil and their biosurfactant production was evaluated by employing different screening methods. Fourteen biosurfactant producing bacterial isolates were selected based on the formation of dark blue halos on CTAB agar, emulsification index, oil spreading assay and BATH assay. Based on the results, bacterial isolate (BHA 9) showed highest production of biosurfactant and selected for further studies. Biochemical characterisation revealed that the bacterial isolate responsible for biosurfactant production is Gram negative, slender long rod shape bacteria and oxidase and catalase positive. Molecular characterisation of 16S r-DNArevealed that it belongs to Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Optimization studies were carried out at different temperatures (25, 30, 35 and 40 o C) using four different carbon sources (1%) i.e . , glucose, sucrose, maltose and starch and four nitrogen sources (1%) viz . , peptone, ammonium nitrate, beef extract and yeast extract at different pH (6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) and NaCl levels (0.50, 1, 1.50 and 2%). Emulsification index and the bacterial biomass (OD 600 ) were recorded at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h intervals. Optimum condition for biosurfactant production by this bacterium was achieved when glucose and yeast extract was used as carbón and nitrogen sources, respectively maintaining a temperature of 35 o C, pH 8 and NaCl 1.5% measured in terms of emulsification index and bacterial biomass. This is the first reported study for the biosurfactant producing bacteria from aquaculture farm soil which may find its application in various fields.
Synergistic Effect of Graphene and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on a Glassy Carbon Electrode for Simultaneous Determination of Uric Acid and Dopamine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid

A poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-graphene-multiwalled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode was fabricated and evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The modified electrode offered high sensitivity, selectivity, excellent long-term stability, and electrocatalytic activity for uric acid and dopamine. This sensor showed wide linear dynamic ranges of 5.0 to 350.0 µmol L−1 for uric acid and 10.0 to 400.0 µmol L−1 for dopamine in the presence of 500 µmol L−1 ascorbic acid. The limits of detection were 0.13 for uric acid and 0.55 µmol L−1 for dopamine. This functionalized electrode has potential application in bioanalysis and biomedicine.
The Purchasing Chessboard: 64 Methods to Reduce Costs and Increase Value with Suppliers

A CEO who thinks like a CPO who thinks like a CEO -- From four basic strategies to 64 methods -- Using the Purchasing Chessboard -- The Purchasing Chessboard -- The way forward -- How to build a winning Purchasing Chessboard® team -- Epilogue: Reflections on Sales and Marketing.
Kinetics of the hydrolysis of isatin in water and water + co-solvent

Hydrolysis of isatin by sodium hydroxide was followed spectrophotometrically in a wide range of water-n-propanol, and water-iso-propanol proportions at different temperatures (30-45 °C). A non-linear relation was observedfor the plot of log k versus the reciprocal of the dielectric constant for the solvent used which suggested that there is a selective solvation by higher polar solvent, i.e. by water molecules. The activation thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed in terms of solvation effects. The determined isokinetic temperatures, in both systems, revealed the existence of compensation effect arising from strong solute-solvent interactions.
Kinetics of the Oxygen—Tungsten Reaction at High Temperatures

The rate of reaction of molecular oxygen with tungsten was measured from 2000° to 3300°K at pressures from 0.11 to 11.5 torr. High gas‐phase mass transfer coefficients were obtained by impinging a high‐velocity gas jet on the sample. A maximum reaction rate was observed at each O2 pressure, the temperature of maximum rate increasing with pressure. Below the temperatures of the maxima, an apparent activation energy near 23 kcal mole−1 was observed. These results are well described by the empirical equations of Perkins, Price, and Crooks, except that no transition to a regime of higher activation energy at lower temperatures was observed here and the maxima were found at slightly higher rates and temperatures than previously reported. Appreciable diffusion effects were found only near the observed maxima. These data and the 10−4 torr data of Schissel and Trulson were correlated in terms of the two‐layer oxygen‐atom adsorption model for tungsten oxidation kinetics proposed by the latter authors. Kinetic cons.
Estimating quantities of water‐soluble nutrients in soils using a specific 1:2 by volume extract

Abstract For many years, a specific 1:2 by volume extract has been used for routine testing of greenhouse soils. The fact that nutrient and salt contents of this extract show close relationships with those of the soil solution makes the extraction method usable for that purpose. Further studies indicated that the 1:2 by volume extract also presents good possibilities for estimating quantities of water‐soluble nutrients in soil volumes under field conditions. Quantities of nutrients in solution in the upper 0.25‐m layer of greenhouse soils were calculated from nutrient contents of 1:2 by volume extract, the water:soil ratios of the 1:2 suspensions, and the bulk densities of undisturbed core samples. The quantities obtained in such a way were closely correlated with the nutrient contents of the extracts. The correlation coefficients calculated for linear regression varied between 0.972 and 0.991 for the various ionic species. Adjustment of the nutrient contents of the extracts to soil type characteristics i.
Controlled ice nucleation in microsized water droplet

Controlled ice nucleation in a microsized water droplet was examined using a microdroplet suspension method. This method allows us to minimize the effect of the container wall and foreign particles. The influence of the water droplet volume on microdrop nucleation is examined quantitatively. It is found that at the microscale, the volume effect exerts a large influence on nucleation kinetics. This technique enabled us to quantify the effect of lysozyme on ice nucleation kinetics. It turns out that lysozyme promotes ice nucleation at relatively high supercoolings by decreasing the interfacial free energy between the nucleating phase and foreign particles. This quantitative measurement of the interfacial effect of additives (impurities) on ice nucleation kinetics will exert a significant impact on the research on the mechanism of antifreeze and nucleation promotion.
Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy for photovoltaic silicon wafer analysis

The principal subject matter of this work is the application of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy for the multi‐elemental analytical characterization of different qualities of solid silicon. The physical process upon which the technique is based is the temporally resolved observation of emission spectra emitted by a micro‐plasma generated by a laser focused on the surface of a given sample. The optimal environmental parameters such as the composition of the buffering gas for the identification and measurement of several metallic, non‐metallic, and dopant impurities were determined. Particular attention was given to boron. A detection limit of 2.10−4 mg/g of boron was found using a calibration curve, which was made in the range of 1 to 100 ppmw. Silicon samples from different production techniques (4C and directional solidification), which permit the segregation of different impurities along the length of the silicon ingot were analyzed using laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heat treatment and anaerobic digestion of refuse

Alkaline heat treatment was evaluated as a pretreatment process for increasing the anaerobic digestibility of municipal refuse. The goal was an increased methane yield from refuse lignocellulose. Batch digestibility assays were employed to ascertain the separate effects of solids concentration (0.79 - 10.0 percent), sodium hydroxide concentration (75 - 300 meq/l), and temperature (25 - 250°C) on the methane yield from refuse. Consumption of added alkali was observed and found to be relatively constant per unit mass of refuse solids. Various semi-continuous reactor configurations were evaluated. These studies resulted in investigation of a two-stage digestion system, with the second digester fed alkaline-heat-treated (180 meq/l NaOH, 200°C, 2.1 percent solids, 1 hour) effluent from the first. Such a system operated on newsprint was capable of increasing the methane yield by 80 percent, compared with the yield from a single-stage digester fed raw newsprint. A major limitation appears to be digester inhibition noticeable whenever the concentration of heat-treated lignin products exceeds 1 g/l.