Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The EDIBLES survey

Context. An unambiguous identification of the carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) would provide important clues to the life cycle of interstellar matter. The so-called C2-DIBs are a class of very weak bands that fall in the blue part of the optical spectrum and are associated with high column densities of the C2 molecule. DIB profile structures constrain potential molecular carriers, but their measurement requires high signal-to-noise, high-resolution spectra and the use of sightlines without Doppler splitting, as typical for a single-cloud situation. Aims. Spectra from the ESO Diffuse Interstellar Bands Large Exploration Survey (EDIBLES) conducted at the Very Large Telescope (ESO/Paranal) were explored to identify single-cloud and high C2 column sightlines, extract the corresponding C2-DIBs and study their strengths and profiles, and to investigate in detail any sub-structures. Methods. The target selection was made based on profile-fitting of the 3303 and 5895 Å Na I doublets and the detection of C2 lines. The C2 (2–0) (8750–8849 Å) Phillips system was fitted using a physical model of the host cloud. C2 column densities, temperatures as well as gas densities were derived for each sightline. Results. Eighteen known C2-DIBs and eight strong non-C2 DIBs were extracted towards eight targets, comprising seven single-cloud and one multi-cloud line-of-sights. Correlational studies revealed a tight association of the former group with the C2 columns, whereas the non-C2 DIBs are primarily correlated with reddening. We report three new weak diffuse band candidates at 4737.5, 5547.4, and 5769.8 Å. We show for the first time that at least 14 C2-DIBs exhibit spectral sub-structures which are consistent with unresolved rotational branches of molecular carriers. The variability of their peak separations among the bands for a given sightline implies that their carriers are different molecules with quite different sizes. We also illustrate how profiles of the same DIB vary among targets and as a function of physical parameters, and provide tables defining the sub-structures to be compared with future models and experimental results.
Agency, Potential and Contagion

Abstract We consider two fundamental forces that can drive the diffusion of an innovation on a network. The first of these forces is potential maximization, a method of aggregating payoff incentives of players under individual agency. Potential maximization is related to the graph theoretic property of close-knittedness ( Young, 2011 ). The second force is collective agency, under which sets of players decide together on whether to adjust their strategies. Collective agency is shown to be related to the graph theoretic property of cohesion ( Morris, 2000 ). We compare the relative strengths of these forces under (i) different payoff specifications in coordination games and (ii) different network structures.
Relationship of Positive and Negative Affect with Depression in Clinical and Normal Group

Depression is probably the most common psychological disorder and one that receive most attention. Depression is a form of what is known as mood or affective disorder because it is primarily concerned with change in mood. Some are of normal fluctuation and other meet the definition of clinical problem. Negative affectivity is a common component to depression and low positive affectivity is related to depression. They attribute negative outcomes to lasting i.e. internal causes such as their own traits or lack of ability, but attribute positive outcomes to temporary i.e. external causes such as good luck or special favors from others. As a result such persons perceive that they have little or no control over what happens to them. We often hear that someone whom we thought happy and well settled suddenly starts talking about ending his or her life. Such person exhibits a disturbance in mood. When we know that the talk of suicide was a result of failure in business deal the person would then be described as being emotionally disturbed.
Why housing gap; willingness or eligibility to mortgage financing by respondents in Uasin Gishu, Kenya

Mortgage financing plays a significant role in enabling people to be real estate property owners and/or homeowners. Despite its significance, past statistics indicated that very few people accessed mortgage finance in Kenya. Previous research indicated that at best only 3% of households in urban areas in Kenya were eligible for mortgage financing. The study sought to determine the role of demographic (gender and age) and socio-economic factors (income and education) willingness and eligibility to mortgage financing. The study adopted explanatory research design. Target population of 807,687 was obtained by visiting all the 16 financial institutions licensed by Central Bank of Kenya offering mortgages in Uasin Gishu County. Purposive sampling was used in picking the 16 Financial Institutions. Convenience sampling technique was employed in picking the 749 respondents. Structured questionnaires were used in data collection. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. Double Hurdle Model was employed using data collected on the assumption that willingness and eligibility to mortgage financing by respondents were independent decisions and influenced by the same decision factors. The results showed that age, education and income significantly influenced the willingness and eligibility to mortgage financing. Female respondents were more willing to participate in mortgage financing and more eligible to mortgage financing at all referenced points compared to male respondents. There is need for the financial institutions, ministry in charge of housing and other stakeholders to consider formulating appropriate policies, programs and products which can empower female to enable them qualify for mortgage financing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influence willingness to participate in mortgage financing and eligibility to mortgage financing in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The findings of this study are important to the Uasin Gishu Government, financial institutions and other stakeholders in informing appropriate policy geared towards improving mortgage financing of the respondents in Uasin Gishu, Kenya. This study will provide the larger community in the way out of alleviating the problem of squalor settlements in major towns in the county.
Credit risk measurement methodologies

The significant problems experienced by banks during the Global Financial Crisis have highlighted the critical importance of measuring and providing for credit risk. This paper will examine four popular methods used in the measurement of credit risk and provide an analysis of the relative shortcomings and advantages of each method. The study includes external ratings approaches, financial statement analysis models, the Merton / KMV structural model, and the transition based models of CreditMetrics and CreditPortfolioView. Each model assesses different criteria, and an understanding of the merits and disadvantages of the various models can assist banks and other credit modellers in choosing between the available credit modelling techniques.
Marginal Cost of Indirect Taxation in the presence of a Demerit Externality with an Application to Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Belgium

This paper aims to calculate marginal costs of funds (MCF) in the presence of an externality with demerit properties by using a utility scaling approach. It is an extension of a model put forward by Schroyen (2010). In the empirical section the MCF of indirect taxes in Belgium are calculated taking into account the existence of carbon dioxide emissions as demerit externality. The results reveal that scaling has a significant impact on switches in the ranking of the MCF.
A Recursive Approach to Space Resection Using Straight Lines

An approach using straight lines as features to solve the photogrammetric space resection problem is presented. An explicit mathematical model relating straight lines, in both object and image space, is used. Based on this model, Kalman Filtering is applied to solve the space resection problem. The recursive property of the filter is used in an iterative process which uses the sequentially estimated camera location parameters to feedback to the feature extraction process in the image. This feedback process leads fo o gradual reduction of the image space for feature searching, and consequently eliminates the bottleneck due to the high computational cost of the image segmentation phase. It also enables feature extraction and the determination of feature correspondence in image and object space in an automatic way, i.e., without operator intezference. Results obtained from simulated and real data show that highly accurate space resection parameters are obtained as well as a progressive processing time reduction. The obtained accuracy, the automatic correspondence process, and the short related processing time show that the proposed approach can be used in many real-time machine vision systems, making possible the implementation of applications not feasible until now.
Validation of the MERIS atmospheric correction over ocean using AERONET

The SO aerosol reflectances values are computed using as inputs the AERONET AOTs and aerosol phase functions at 440, 675 and 870 nm. We can directly compared them with the MERIS ones in B2, B7 and B13. Results displayed in Figure-2 stress that the MERIS aerosol reflectances in B13 can be retrieved but with a large dispersion associated with the natural large dispersion of the aerosol, as it was noticed in [1]. Obviosuly, the same dispersion also also appears in MERIS B2 but MERIS seems to overestimate the aerosol reflectance at TOA.
Electrochemical extraction of microalloy carbides in Nb-steel

An electrochemical extraction technique was evaluated as a characterization method of precipitates in microalloyed steels. To carry out this study, a fully precipitated Nb-modified SAE 8620, was used. The investigation was accomplished by varying the electrolyte composition and the filter pore sizes used to collect the particles. The quantification of Nb was performed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Microscopy examination was also performed on extraction replicas and on residues collected in the acetate filters. Additionally, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) on the collected residues containing the precipitates was accomplished. The results showed that the dissolution rate is faster in the electrolyte consisting of 10 vol% HCl in water. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis along with chemical analysis by ICP-AES, showed that (Nb,Ti)C particles were collected in acetate filters with a pore size much larger than the precipitate size.
PRELIMINARY SCREENING OF RHIZOBACTERIA CONTAINING ACC-DEAMINASE FOR PROMOTING GROWTH OF LENTIL SEEDLINGS UNDER AXENIC CONDITION

Nodulation and subsequent nitrogen fixation by lentil plants are inhibited by accelerated ethylene concentration in the root zone. Plant growth-promoting bacteria can help overcome these deleterious effects. Twenty seven isolates of rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase were isolated from the lentil rhizosphere by using dilution plate technique. A jar experiment was conducted under axenic condition for the screening of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase to promote growth of lentil seedlings. All the rhizobacterial isolates had the potential to modify the growth of lentil seedlings under axenic conditions. Results of jar study showed that inoculation with selected isolates increased the root length, shoot length, fresh root weight, fresh shoot weight, dry root weight and dry shoot weight of lentil seedlings up to 2.4, 2.3, 2.6, 2.7, 2.6 and 2.2 folds, respectively over uninoculated control. It is suggested that ACC- deaminase trait could be a useful approach for the screening of the effective PGPR to promote lentil growth under axenic conditions before testing their potential under natural conditions. The study also enabled us to select efficient PGPR isolates for co-inoculation with rhizobium to promote growth as well as nodulation in lentil grown in different regions of the country.
Exploring the Conditions for a Mortality Crisis: Bringing Context Back into the Debate

This study engages with the debate over the mortality crises in the former Soviet Union and Central and Eastern Europe by (i) considering at length and as complementary to each other the two most prominent explanations for the post-communist mortality crisis, stress and alcohol consumption and by (ii) emphasising the importance of context by exploiting systematic similarities and differences across the region. Differential mortality trajectories reveal three country groups that cluster both spatially and in terms of economic transition experiences. The first group includes countries in the farthest west in which mortality rates increased minimally after the transition began. The second group experienced a severe increase in mortality rates in the early 1990s but recovered previous levels within a few years. These countries are located peripherally to Russia and its nearest neighbours. The final group consists of countries that experienced two mortality increases or in which mortality levels had not recovered to pre-transition levels well into the 21st century. Cross-sectional time-series analyses of age-specific and cause-specific death rates for men and women reveal that the clustering of these countries and their mortality trajectories can be partially explained by the economic context, which is argued to be linked to stress and alcohol consumption. Above and beyond many basic differences in the country groups that are held constant – including geographically and historically shared cultural, lifestyle, and social characteristics – poor economic conditions account for a remarkably consistent share of excess age-specific and cause-specific deaths. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breeding of Non-Adults and Effects of Age on Productivity in the Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti

We studied annual and geographical variation in the proportion of breeding non-adult (<4.5 years old) Spanish Imperial Eagles Aquila adalberti in relation to the species' recent demographic recovery. The proportion of non-adult breeders in the populations studied increased significantly during 1983–2004 in parallel with the population increase. Non-adult pairs were more often associated with ‘young’ territories (occupied recently) than with territories that had already been occupied for longer time (mostly used by adult pairs). Adult pairs produced significantly more chicks than mixed adult— non-adult pairs, which in turn had a higher productivity than pairs in which both male and female were non-adult. Adult pairs attempted breeding more often than non-adult pairs, and clutch and brood size were larger. The poorest reproductive output was found in pairs with non-adult males. These differences were not associated with differences in fledging rates. Once the influence of territories was controlled for (comparing the productivity between adult pairs and non-adult pairs present in the same territory) the age effect on productivity was significant. Our results emphasise the important role which the recruitment of non-adult birds into the breeding population may have played in the recent population recovery of the Spanish Imperial Eagle.
Sectoral Differences in Determinants of Export Intensity

This study investigates firm characteristic determinants of export intensity in small firms. The originality of our approach is a comparative analysis of export intensity between firms in the computer software and manufacturing sectors, using a quasi-maximum likelihood estimation to test for the correct specification of the conditional mean model. Results indicate that larger, younger firms have greater export intensity in the computer software sector than in manufacturing. Research and development expenditure is equally important for export intensity in both sectors, but patent income is not significant. Sourcing managerial advice and expertise from the national development agency is important for firms in the manufacturing industry, but not for computer software firms. It is therefore important for export promotion organisations to publicise supports, as few small firms are aware of their availability. Our findings are especially valuable for policy makers concerned with low levels of export intensity among small firms.
Diversify More or Less? Household Resilience and Food Security in Rural Nigeria

We provide new findings of rural livelihood diversification in Nigeria, using panel data from the Living Standards Measurement Study - Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA). To a large extent, the patterns and the implications of livelihood diversification have been analysed using cross sectional data and a narrow definition of food security in previous studies. In some cases, analysis has been conducted in the absence of shock experiences. We find that some results about the determinants of income diversification in cross sectional analysis also hold true in the panel data setting, while others are only revealed due to the panel nature of the data set. We find that the relationship between wealth and income diversification in rural Nigeria is best categorized as upward sloping with diminishing marginal effect rather than a U shape or an inverted U shape as found in previous studies. We also find that income diversification favours food accessibility, food availability and food utilisation, and therefore resilience capacities overall. We do not find any evidence of income diversification in mitigating or aggravating the impact of shocks, as shock experiences appear to negatively affect food security in spite of income diversification.
BIO39) Application of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus vector as peptide presentation system

Introduction Recently plant viruses have been exploited as an alternative production method for pharmaceutically important peptides [1-9]. Antigenic peptides that were produced through this approach have been shown to be immunogenic. Thus, chimeric plant virus vector could be used as vaccine production system. Immunological studies also showed that chimeric virus based vaccine can be administered both orally and through subcutaneous route [10, 11]. This makes chimeric virus vector a new, safe, versatile and cost effective method for vaccine production. The “a” determinant of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is present in all serotypes of HBV; it has been used as the basis for almost all HBsAg diagnostic kit and vaccine development. The “a” determinant of HBsAg is a conformational epitope. Although the structure of HBsAg has yet to be determined, physical properties of HBsAg have been very well characterized. The epitope is heavily cross-linked through disulfide bridges [12], and glycosylated at several sites [12-15]. In vitro production of HBsAg will have to maintain the epitope in correct conformation and proper post-translational modification is necessary to maintain its antigenicity and antibody binding capabilities [11, 15-18]. That is why the HBsAg cannot be produced in prokaryotic system. Plant based production system has been developed [17]. The HBsAg produced from the system was shown to be antigenic, and binds to specific HBsAg monoclonal antibody. We have successfully constructed a novel Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus (CGMMV) vector, and base on this vector a chimeric CGMMV vector was built. Both constructs were used to produce infectious transcript that was later used to inoculate muskmelon plants. The coat protein of the chimeric virus vector produces chimeric CGMMV that randomly displayed HBsAg on the surface. It produces two types of coat proteins; the native coat protein and recombinant coat protein that have HBsAg “a” determinant fused to the C-terminal. The present of HBsAg on the virus particles was successfully detected using commercial HBsAg diagnostic kit.
Modelado espacial para peligro de incendios forestales con predicción diaria en la cuenca del río Balsas

La cuenca del rio Balsas es una zona con disponibilidad hidrica limitada, sin embargo exporta anualmente 490 hm3 de agua a la cuenca del Valle de Mexico por medio del sistema Cutzamala. Si los bosques de esta cuenca se deterioran, los recursos hidricos disminuiran y en consecuencia su volumen exportado tambien, por lo cual se debe identificar factores que favorecen la probabilidad de ocurrencia de incendios forestales en la cuenca. Asi, podra intervenirse de manera preventiva en el manejo de estos fenomenos para aminorar la vulnerabilidad y deterioro de los recursos en la region. De manera equilibrada, los incendios forestales son necesarios para el restablecimiento natural de los ecosistemas, pero su frecuencia ha aumentado por causas antropogenas y la dinamica climatica. El objetivo de este estudio fue construir un modelo de regresion logistica para la deteccion diaria de zonas con peligro de incendios forestales. Esta propuesta considero variables topograficas, meteorologicas y antropogenas para el periodo de 2006 a 2009. Los resultados proporcionaron una efectividad espacial y temporal mayor a 86 %. Una escala de peligro (bajo, moderado, alto y muy alto) fue propuesta de acuerdo con su probabilidad de ocurrencia. En el analisis, mas de 85 % de los incendios ocurridos diariamente tuvieron categoria de alto y muy alto peligro de ignicion. El mayor peligro se encontro en las cuencas de captacion de las presas Valle de Bravo, Colorines-Chilesdo e Ixtapan del Oro, del sistema Cutzamala. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la metodologia puede usarse para mejorar sistemas de alerta contra incendios y complementar el diseno de ubicacion estrategica de centros de mando, campamentos, torres-observatorio, y prioridades para equipamiento
An Denoising Method Based on Analysis K-SVD and Disagreement Segment and Its Application on EMI Signal

Sparse representation plays an important role in signal processing. Recently, the analysis sparse representation has been attracting more and more attention. In this paper, an improved analysis K-SVD denoising algorithm based on disagreement-segment is proposed. A signal is first divided into small redundant segments, and then the signal can be denoised by the analysis K-SVD algorithm. Considering the gap between the local processing and the global signal recovery, we define a disagreement-segment as the difference between the intermediate locally denoised segment and its corresponding part in the final denoised signal. By adding the disagreementsegment to the analysis K-SVD algorithm, the denoising effect of the analysis K-SVD algorithm has a significant improvement. In addition, the experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the analysis K-SVD algorithm and other advanced methods. Keywords-analysis K-SVD; EMI signal; disagreementsegment