Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Child-focused practice in social services for adults in Norway

Summary Children of social service users are at risk for developing mental health problems as well as social and behavioral problems. Social service counselors should therefore be aware of service users’ children and provide support for them. In fact, they are obligated by law to consider children's views and their best interests in cases affecting them. Despite this, little is known about social service counselors’ child focus in their practice. In this study, self-reported survey data from 93 counselors working for the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration (NAV) were analyzed to explore their child focus. Findings Findings suggest that a particular focus on children is no part of common practice among NAV counselors; nor is use or knowledge of The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Knowledge and use of the CRC may be a predictor of child-focused practice. The results showed a significant difference of medium effect size between NAV counselors who ask about children and NAV counselors who do not when it comes to knowledge and use of the CRC. Applications Policy makers and practitioners should utilize NAV's potential as a preventive arena. For NAV counselors to be aware of and support children of social service users they need a stronger focus on children and hence know and use the laws concerning children's rights. Incorporating children's rights into social workers’ education and internal training may strengthen the focus on children in NAV counselors’ practice.
The Legal Double Standard: Gender, Personality Information, and the Evaluation of Supreme Court Nominees

Abstract In the last several decades a wide literature has developed around gendered perceptions of political leaders. However, to date, the lion’s share of this literature has examined elected officials. Here we argue that a similar effect can be found in perceptions of judges and judging. Using two survey experiments, we argue that the core quality by which judges are evaluated, “judiciousness,” is gendered masculine. In essence, when individuals are asked to evaluate nominees, personality and character information is used differently depending on the gender of the nominee. In particular, female nominees face a double standard, failing to benefit equally from positive personality information while male nominees enjoy greater support. Thus, even if female nominees are successful in obtaining Senate confirmation, they face a steeper hill to climb with how people perceive their judiciousness than a similarly qualified male nominee would.
An exploration into Penultimate and Final Lengthening in Tswana (Southern Bantu)

This study investigates the segmental lengthening patterns resulting from prosodic boundaries in Tswana, a Southern Bantu language. The aim is to shed light on the interaction between Penultimate Lengthening and Final Lengthening, providing the first quantitative investigation of these phenomena in Tswana. We conducted a production experiment that applies a widely tested design to elicit production data of two different phrasal structures in coordinated noun phrases. The results suggest that Penultimate Lengthening and Final Lengthening constitute independent mechanisms, which both apply in Tswana. Penultimate Lengthening occurs before prosodic phrase boundaries as well as before word boundaries, yet at differing degrees. Before phrase boundaries, it involves a strong lengthening effect on the vowel of the penultimate syllable. Before word boundaries, the amount of lengthening is smaller. Final lengthening operates on the final syllable before a phrase boundary, involving a larger amount on the final vowel than on the preceding consonant. This pattern is in line with the pattern observed in other languages. The amount of lengthening on the final vowel is comparable to the amount on the penultimate vowel. Given that a large increase of lengthening on the penultimate syllable has not been observed in connection with Final Lengthening, we assume that Penultimate Lengthening constitutes a language-specific mechanism that applies independently. Final Lengthening, on the other hand, might be a universal phenomenon. The perceptual salience of Penultimate Lengthening, which has been widely reported in the literature for Bantu languages, might have to do with the dynamics within the lengthening domains, namely that the lengthening in penultimate position is abrupt and relatively stronger than in final position when compared to the preceding syllable.
Comparison of Intraoperative Infusion of Remifentanil Versus Fentanyl on Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery: A Double Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial

Background Remifentanil is an ultra-short-acting opioid which facilitates hemodynamic management. However, there are concerns about postoperative Remifentanil hyperalgesia because of its potent fast onset and offset. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine visual analog scale (VAS), postoperative pain, and morphine used in two groups after spine surgery. Methods In this randomized clinical trial study, 60 patients aged 18 - 60 years old, according to the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) I - II, who underwent spinal canal stenosis or scoliosis surgery, were divided into two groups. In the control group, patients received 0.07 - 0.1 µg/kg/h intraoperative Fentanyl infusion, and in the intervention group 0.1 - 0.2 µg/kg/min remifentanil was infused during the surgery. Both groups received 15 mg/kg intravenous Acetaminophen 20 minutes before the end of the surgery. Postoperative pain score and morphine consumption were measured 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Results During the first 12 hours, VAS and morphine consumption were significantly higher in remifentanil group (P < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups in morphine consumption 12 - 48 hours after surgery. Conclusions These findings suggest that Remifentanil infusion during surgery may increase postoperative pain. Also, VAS and morphine consumption were higher during the first 12 hours.
Response of Bacterial Communities to Rainwater Additions in the Oligotrophic SE Mediterranean Coast; Experimental and In‐Situ Observations

Wet deposition may serve as a source of external nutrients for phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in low nutrients low chlorophyll (LNLC) marine systems. Here, we examined the effects of rainwater deposition on phytoplankton and bacterial abundance and activity in the LNLC SE Mediterranean coast. In‐situ observations and experimentally controlled incubations show enhanced abundance and productivity of the bacterioplankton communities attributed to the addition of rainwater‐born nutrients. While rainwater relieved N limitation to phytoplankton resulting in enhanced abundance and primary production of autotrophic microbial communities (mostly pico‐eukaryotes), no single nutrient (N or P) could be identified as a sole limiting factor of the stimulated heterotrophic bacteria. In both the experimental and in‐situ observations, the changes in phytoplankton biomass following rainwater deposition/addition was observed only after 24–48 h. Contrary, an increase in primary and bacterial productions was visible within a few hours, suggesting high nutrients turnover rates by bacterioplankton communities following rain deposition. These results emphasize the importance of short‐term wet deposition events to new N production and phytoplankton temporal variability in the LNLC SE Mediterranean coast.
Banks in India: A Balancing Act Between Profitability, Regulation and NPA

Banks are facing varied issues worldwide. The existing set of performance measures of banks lack a cohesive and concerted approach for adequate fulfilment of the purpose. This study proposes a holistic view of the bank performance, which includes profitability, risk-taking (non-performing asset [NPA]), and regulation. It has been observed that Indian banks fare miserably in this litmus test of comprehensive performance measure. The meanest of the expectation that NPA should be affected by the regulatory mechanism is found surprisingly missing in the Indian banks. The existing literature has not taken a holistic view of bank performance, and therefore, the findings of this study provide enough impetus to all the stakeholders of the banks to respond. Policy makers and regulatory bodies can redirect both the banking governance and regulation so that the basic tenet of comprehensive bank performance expectations, as raised in this study, are met reasonably.
Carbon Cycling During Oceanic Anoxic Event 2: Compound‐Specific Carbon Isotope Evidence From the Western Interior Seaway

The Cenomanian‐Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2, ∼94 Ma) was a period of widespread ocean deoxygenation and marine organic carbon burial. Increased CO2 and nutrient flux before OAE2 are generally considered the main drivers of ocean anoxia and carbon burial, though some evidence has suggested multiple phases of CO2 input and burial throughout the event. To test hypotheses about the nature of carbon cycle perturbations before and during OAE2, we analyzed stable carbon isotopes in marine‐derived and terrestrial‐derived biomarkers from an expanded sedimentary record of OAE2 from the western margin of the Western Interior Seaway. Biomarker carbon isotope data were used to estimate the concentration and carbon isotopic composition of aqueous and atmospheric CO2, as well as changes in marine productivity, through OAE2. While complicated by biological and environmental uncertainties, our pCO2 reconstructions generally agree with estimates from other locations and proxies around the world. High‐resolution sampling revealed several short‐lived carbon cycle perturbations before and during OAE2 that may reflect fluctuations in the global carbon cycle, including several pulses of isotopically light carbon before OAE2, during the onset of OAE2, and during the Plenus event. This study provides new constraints on carbon cycle dynamics during OAE2 that highlight the complex nature of the event and its causes.
Exploring students’ visualisation competence with photomicrographs of villi

ABSTRACT Photomicrographs are representations of small-scale entities. It has been long argued that students can be weak in perceiving microscopic entities compared to macroscopic entities. However, only a small body of research has investigated how students utilise photomicrographs to make sense of biological phenomena. This study uses a theoretical construct, ‘visualisation competence’, to explore students’ skills and practices in utilising photomicrographs. Fifty UK students’ visualisation competence with photomicrographs of villi were measured by open-ended questionnaires. Content analysis showed a wide range of students’ performance in all components of visualisation competence with photomicrographs, namely constructing, interpreting, transforming and critiquing. Students’ performance on sub-components within each skill component of visualisation competence for the photomicrograph of villi were also analysed. The mean scores of constructing a biological diagram resembling the photomicrograph and critiquing whether a representation resembles the photomicrograph were higher than that of interpreting the photomicrograph. Transforming the longitudinal section of photomicrographs into the transverse section had the lowest score among all four skill components. Moreover, the sub-components which rely heavily on textual processing were found to be significantly correlated with each other. Implications for teaching and learning of photomicrographs were discussed.
Prioritizing hotel lobby design factors: perspectives of hotel operators in China

ABSTRACT The hotel lobby is where a guest forms his or her first impression of a hotel’s brand image and quality; hence, integrating appropriate design criteria into hotel lobby design is a value creation act. The novelty and aim of this study is to identified and categorized 15 hotel lobby design factors and ranked their importance and satisfaction levels from hotel operators’ perspective to achieve value innovation and sustainable operations management. For this purpose, it systematically developed a questionnaire based on the Kano method and conducted a questionnaire survey on 30 hotel operators in China. Yang’s importance-satisfaction model was applied in data analysis. The study found that economic advantage and value creation are must-be and one-dimensional aspects, and considerations such as modular design, appropriate construction management and cost control, ease of maintenance and repair, and atmospheric design methods are important economic advantage criteria. Strategies involving these considerations facilitate value innovation and sustainable operations and guarantee a comfortable and environmentally friendly stay to hotel guests. The findings not only clarify hotel operators’ insights regarding the use of attractive factors in hotel lobby design but also serve as a reference for international hotel operators to develop possible business models with lobby design strategies.
Participative and Practical Goal-setting in Enterprise Systems Learning

ABSTRACT This research examines how dynamic course goal-setting can affect students’ enterprise systems learning and career choice, through a university alliance program. It also explores the learners’ cognitive and affective responses in this industry-academia collaboration. Applying the grounded theory method, we interpret the action-interaction among instructors, learners, and the enterprise software vendor while proposing a model of participative and practical goal-setting. Lastly, we discuss contributions to goal-setting theory and enterprise systems education and practical implications for similar course design and development.
COVID-19 Impacts on the Sustainable Development in Latin America: An Investigation on the Environmental Law and Policy

The economic and social effects that the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated measures to ad-dress it are having in Latin America may lead to serious long-term consequences that would affect the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. In this article, the collaboration of envi-ronmental economists from eight countries in the region discusses the possible effects of the pan-demic on air pollution, deforestation, and other relevant environmental aspects related to the SDGs. In addition to presenting an account of some of the initial effects of the health crisis on the environment, the paper discusses potential effects in terms of environmental regulations and public policy interventions. Finally, the paper presents an agenda on new research topics that arise due to the pandemic or have gained greater importance due to it, including the impacts on the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. Briefly, this paper is a novel view of the sustainable development in Latin America and the Covid-19 impacts on this process.
A consistent energy integral model for a film over a substrate featuring topographies

A depth‐averaged model, based on energy integral method (EIM) has been employed to capture the steady‐state free surface profiles in a gravity‐driven thin film flow of a viscous, incompressible fluid over inclined substrates with topographical features. The model incorporates inertial effects, energy balance and is consistent up to O(ε) , where ε≪1 , is the film thickness parameter. The governing equations are solved using a meshless numerical scheme based on radial basis functions. The predictions of the effects of inertia, inclination of the substrate, and aspect ratio of the topographical features are compared with the available finite‐element solutions and experimental observations. The steady‐state profiles generated using the EIM equations are in close agreement with the experimental observations. Being a consistent model, EIM model predictions are expected to be more reliable and accurate than the results based on the depth averaged form of the momentum equations, which are known to be not consistent. This feature is the motivating factor for the present work which is also a first attempt in implementing the meshless numerical scheme to free surface problems. The analysis paves a way for similar investigations on three‐dimensional flows related to film flow over chemically patterned substrates.
Genome‐wide analysis reveals demographic and life‐history patterns associated with habitat modification in landlocked, deep‐spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

Abstract Human‐mediated habitat fragmentation in freshwater ecosystems can negatively impact genetic diversity, demography, and life history of native biota, while disrupting the behavior of species that are dependent on spatial connectivity to complete their life cycles. In the Alouette River system (British Columbia, Canada), dam construction in 1928 impacted passage of anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), with the last records of migrants occurring in the 1930s. Since that time, O. nerka persisted as a resident population in Alouette Reservoir until experimental water releases beginning in 2005 created conditions for migration; two years later, returning migrants were observed for the first time in ~70 years, raising important basic and applied questions regarding life‐history variation and population structure in this system. Here, we investigated the genetic distinctiveness and population history of Alouette Reservoir O. nerka using genome‐wide SNP data (n = 7,709 loci) collected for resident and migrant individuals, as well as for neighboring anadromous sockeye salmon and resident kokanee populations within the Fraser River drainage (n = 312 individuals). Bayesian clustering and principal components analyses based on neutral loci revealed five distinct clusters, largely associated with geography, and clearly demonstrated that Alouette Reservoir resident and migrant individuals are genetically distinct from other O. nerka populations in the Fraser River drainage. At a finer level, there was no clear evidence for differentiation between Alouette Reservoir residents and migrants; although we detected eight high‐confidence outlier loci, they all mapped to sex chromosomes suggesting that differences were likely due to uneven sex ratios rather than life history. Taken together, these data suggest that contemporary Alouette Reservoir O. nerka represents a landlocked sockeye salmon population, constituting the first reported instance of deep‐water spawning behavior associated with this life‐history form. This finding punctuates the need for reassessment of conservation status and supports ongoing fisheries management activities in Alouette Reservoir.
Assessing the Cooling Effect of Four Urban Parks of Different Sizes in a Temperate Continental Climate Zone: Wroclaw (Poland)

Urban parks have been known to form park cooling islands (PCI), which can effectively alleviate the effect of urban heat islands (UHI) in cities. This paper presents results obtained for four different size parks in the city of Wroclaw, which is located in a temperate continental climate. The number of publications for urban areas located in this type of climate and cities is low compared to sites in hot and humid areas. Land surface temperature (LST) maps were developed from Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) data acquired during three hottest weather periods between 2017 and 2019. Metrics and spatial statistics characterising the four parks selected for the analysis based on their size were calculated. These included: perimeter, area, landscape shape index (LSI) and PLC (forest area) park metrics, and Park Cooling Area (PCA), Park Cooling Efficiency (PCE), Park Cooling Gradient (PCG), Park Cooling Island (PCI) and Extended Park Cooling Island (PCIe) spatial indexes. The averaged PCIe values ranged from 2.0 to 3.6 °C, PCI from 1.9 to 3.6 °C, PCG from 0.7 to 2.2 °C, PCE from 5.3 to 11.5, and PCA from 78.8 to 691.8 ha depending on the park. The cooling distance varied from 110 m to 925 m depending on park size, forest area and land use type in the park’s vicinity. The study provides new insight into urban park cooling effects in a medium sized city located in a temperate continental climate, and the role of parks in regulation of urban temperature to mitigate the UHI effect.
Effects of Variable Weather Conditions on Baled Proportion of Varied Amounts of Harvestable Cereal Straw, Based on Simulations

All harvestable cereal straw cannot be collected every year in regions where wet periods are probable during the baling season, so some Swedish studies have used ’recovery coefficients’ to estimate potential harvestable amounts. Current Swedish recovery coefficients were first formulated by researchers in the early 1990s, after discussions with crop advisors, but there are no recent Swedish publications on available baling times and recovery proportions. Therefore, this study evaluated baling operations over a series of years for representative virtual farms and machine systems in four Swedish regions, to determine the available time for baling, baled straw ratio and annual variation in both. The hourly grain moisture content of pre-harvested cereals and swathed straw was estimated using moisture models and real weather data for 22/23 years, and the results were used as input to a model for simulating harvesting and baling operations. Expected available baling time during August and September was estimated to be 39–49%, depending on region, with large annual variation (standard deviation 22%). The average baling coefficient was estimated to be 80–86%, with 1400 t·year−1 harvestable straw and 15 t·h−1 baling capacity, and the annual variation was also considerable (s.d. 20%).
Green Energy—Green for Whom? A Case Study of the Kabinakagami River Waterpower Project in Northern Canada

Green energy has become a term that heralds efforts of environmental conservation and protection worldwide; however, much of it is marred with questions of what it means to be green. More precisely, it has become a question of Green for whom? While many of the impacts of supposed green energy projects are local in their reach, some may be more regional in their scope, such as hydroelectric power. Hydroelectric power generation negatively impacts the environment and people who rely on the environment for sustenance, such as, Indigenous peoples of northern Canada. Taking into account their position with respect to the areas impacted by these green projects, many Indigenous peoples have voiced their concerns and doubts concerning green energy, which is purported to be a mode of energy production that champions the environment. The Kabinakagami River Waterpower Project serves as a case study for both the potential effects of the project and the different views associated with these endeavors. If nothing else, the accounts and testimonies found within shall stand as a testament to the hubris of calling an energy project green without properly assessing and considering the impacts. While these statements relate to the case presented, they also carry significance in the wider world due to the numerous Indigenous communities around the world that are having their spaces slowly being encroached upon in the name of sustainable growth, or green energy. This will especially be true in the post-COVID-19 period where green energy and a green economy are being touted as a way towards state and worldwide recovery.