Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A theory-guided deep learning formulation of seismic waveform inversion

SUMMARY Deep learning techniques appear to be poised to play very important roles in our processing ﬂows for inversion and interpretation of seismic data. The most successful seismic applications of these complex pattern-identifying networks will, presumably, be those that also leverage the deterministic physical models on which we normally base our seismic methods. Motivated by the advantages of recurrent neural networks (RNN) for modelling dynamic processes, a theory-guided RNN is set up to address the forward and inverse problems. Starting from the mathematical form of the RNN, we deduce that, under certain assumptions, the RNN training process can be equivalent at leading order to gradient-based seismic full waveform inversion (FWI). Our numerical analysis shows the Adaptive Moment (or Adam) optimization with learning rate set to match the magnitudes of standard FWI updates appears to produce the most stable and well-behaved waveform inversion results, which is re-conﬁrmed by a multidimensional 2D Marmousi experiment.
Holocene palaeoenvironmental reconstruction based on fossil beetle faunas from the Southern Altai region, north‐west China

We present here the results of the first‐ever Quaternary entomological research in China. The Halashazi Wetland, located in the southern Altai Mountain region in the northernmost part of Xinjiang Province, yielded Holocene insect fossils (mostly beetles) from two peat profiles. In total, 55 Coleoptera taxa were found, including 37 identified species. A new species, Helophorus sinoglacialis, was identified. The fauna is strongly northern Holarctic in character. The interval from 10 424 to 9705 cal a BP was probably a cold and wet period, and the study site was above the treeline. From 9665 to 9500 cal a BP it was probably warmer and drier, and treeline moved to higher elevations. Following a depositional hiatus, mid‐Holocene (5400–4400 cal a BP) insect assemblages represent cold conditions with the site above the treeline. The exception was a brief warming around 5450 cal a BP, when bark beetle evidence suggests that the treeline moved to a higher elevation. Of the 37 identified beetle species from the Halashazi site, 34 (92%) have modern records in Siberia. The Altai Mountains probably served as a dispersal corridor between the Siberian arctic and alpine regions of northern China. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SARCOSPORIDIOSIS AS A NEGLECTED DISEASE BETWEEN CARCASSES AND SLAUGHTER HOUSE WORKERS

This studied the medical complains in group of slaughter house workers in daily contact to slaughtered buffaloes. Carcasses of 400 slaughtered buffaloes were examined for Sarcocystis muscle cyst infection. Bradyzoites extracted from the diagnosed Sarcocystis muscle cyst (SMC) were used for production of Sarcocystis bradyzoites antigens (SBAg). The antigen was fractionated. Eluted concentrated specific fractions of 35-63 Kda molecular weight (MW) after EITB were used for infection sero-diagnosis of slaughtered buffaloes and Slaughter house workers using Dot ELISA. Data revealed that infection in slaughtered buffaloes was 36.57% by macro and microscopic investigation. Anti-Sarcocystis anti-bodies (ASAb) by dot ELISA were 52.5% among buffaloes. Sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 86.66% with 93.33% validity.Using the previous technique in examination of group of slaughter house workers revealed high association between presence of ASAb in sera of patients complained from Myositis and arthritis (66.0%) followed by those complained by Myositis (50%) only, while it was 44.0% in workers complained by arthritis only. No ASAb was recorded in 4th group complained by digestive disturbances only as well as in control healthy individuals.
Potential shifts in zooplankton community structure in response to changing ice regimes and hydrologic connectivity

ABSTRACT Changing Arctic climate may alter freshwater ecosystems as a result of warmer surface waters, longer open-water periods, reduced wintertime lake ice growth, and altered hydrologic connectivity. This study aims to characterize zooplankton community composition and size structure in the context of hydrologic connectivity and ice regimes in Arctic lakes. Between 2011 and 2016, we sampled the phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish communities from a set of representative lakes on the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of northern Alaska to determine potential food web responses to changing Arctic ecosystems. Multivariate analyses showed that time from ice-out had a strong influence on zooplankton community structure and that seasonal succession of zooplankton differed between lakes with varying hydrologic connectivity. Trends were observed suggesting that large-bodied zooplankton (Daphnia, calanoid copepods) may be more prevalent in poorly connected lakes with low fish diversity. Large-bodied zooplankton displayed higher biomass in lakes with high occurrences of bedfast ice, while small-bodied zooplankton (Bosmina, rotifers) displayed highest biomass in deeper lakes with low occurrences of bedfast ice. Our results contribute to limited knowledge of zooplankton in remote lakes of the ACP and suggest that the anticipated changes to aquatic ecosystems in the Arctic may include energetically less efficient plankton food webs.
Atmospheric Instability Dominates the Long‐Term Variation of Cloud Vertical Overlap Over the Southern Great Plains Site

Accurate representation of cloud vertical overlap in climate models is particularly significant for predicting the total cloud fraction (TCF) and calculating radiative budget. It refers to the parameterization of overlap parameter—decorrelation length scale L—but the potential of dynamical factors in developing parameterization of L has still received far less attention. Using ground‐based radar observation over Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site, here long‐term seasonal‐averaged L is retrieved and shows a very high anticorrelation with TCF from different data sets, indicating that TCF is sensitive to the way of cloud overlap. Therefore, combined with meteorological reanalysis data set, a robust multiple regression model between L and dynamical factors is built and exhibits smaller TCF bias compared with previous parameterization of L. Contribution calculation further verifies that atmospheric instability contributes 70% of L variation, indicating that it dominates the long‐term variation of L over Southern Great Plains site. This finding implies that dynamical factors should be taken into account in the parameterization of L.
Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis by the PHLPP1 Phosphatase

OF DISSERTATION REGULATION OF GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS BY THE PHLPP1 PHOSPHATASE Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease that affects one in ten people in the United States. It is caused by a combination of genetics and lifestyle factors. Disease progression begins with insulin resistance in peripheral tissues followed by pancreatic beta-cell failure. The mechanisms behind disease progression are not completely understood. PH domain leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1) is a known regulator of Akt and other members of the AGC kinase family. Akt has been established to play a role in numerous metabolic signaling pathways, including insulin action. It is hypothesized that as a regulator of Akt, PHLPP1 would have an important function in glucose homeostasis. Glucose tolerance tests performed on 8-week old Phlpp1 mice revealed no significant difference in glucose tolerance compared to wild type, however these mice did exhibit increased fasting blood glucose levels. Glucose tolerance tests were repeated at 20 weeks on the same mice and, interestingly, they displayed impaired glucose tolerance compared to wild type. Insulin tolerance tests showed that 8-week old mice have increased insulin sensitivity, however, the 20-week old mice were insulin-resistant compared to control animals. The 20-week old knockout mice also had significantly higher fasting blood glucose levels compared to 8-week old mice. To determine if the increased fasting blood glucose levels are due to increased hepatic glucose output, pyruvate tolerance tests were performed on both the 8 & 20 week old mice. Old mice displayed significantly increased hepatic glucose production compared to wild type. Echo-MRI done on 24-week old mice showed significantly increased fat mass and decreased lean mass in the Phlpp1 mice compared to wild type littermates. Western blot analysis of liver samples from 32-week old Phlpp1 mice indicates loss of Akt signaling accompanied by a decrease in IRS2 protein levels, a common indicator of insulin resistance. These data suggest that Phlpp1 mice mimic the development of type 2 diabetes in humans, and provide a unique animal model to study the progression of type 2 diabetes and diabetes-associated complications.
Singular Spectral Analysis of the aa and Dst Geomagnetic Indices

We apply singular spectrum analysis in order to identify trends and quasi‐periodic oscillations in the aa and Dst series of geomagnetic activity. We also analyze the sunspot number International SunSpot Number (ISSN) and the number of polar faculae Polar Faculae (PF). Singular spectrum analysis provides the eigenvalues and therefore trends and oscillatory components of the four series. ISSN is dominated by a trend (the Gleissberg cycle), followed by 10.6, 35.5 years, two ~8‐year components, 21.4 and 5.3 year. aa shows the same trend, a ~47‐year component, then 10.8, 32.3, 21.8, and a series of three close components at 10.6, 12.2, and 9.2 years, followed by a 6 month seasonal component. PF is dominated by the 20.7‐year period, followed by 10.2, 8.3, 41, and 31 years, then a 5.2 year component. Dst is dominated by a trend, then a strong 6‐month component; next are found a 47‐year component, the 10.6 years and a second seasonal line at 1 year. The ~22‐, ~11‐, and ~5.5‐year components are common to the four indices. These “pseudo harmonic” components are evidence of solar activity. Singular spectrum analysis identifies components that vary in frequency and amplitude. The phase relationships of any two components over time can be studied in detail. An illustration is given by the remarkable phase coherency of the 5.3‐year component. But the components are neither truly periodical nor exact multiples of each other. These differences reflect the complex mechanisms that govern solar‐terrestrial relationships.
Translation of novel imaging techniques into clinical use for patients with epilepsy

Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common focal epilepsy. Up to 40% of patients are refractory to medication. Anterior temporal lobe resection (ATLR) is an effective treatment but damage to the optic radiation can result in a visual field deficit (VFD) that precludes driving, a key goal of surgery. Diffusion tensor imaging tractography allows the in vivo delineation of white matter tracts such as the optic radiation. This thesis addresses the role of optic radiation tractography in planning and subsequently improving the safety of epilepsy surgery. I show how tractography assists risk stratification and surgical planning in patients with lesions near the optic radiation and assess the utility of different tractography methods for surgical planning. To derive the greatest benefit, tractography information should be available during surgery which requires correction for intraoperative brain shift and other sources of image distortion. I apply software developed at UCL in a clinical population underlying ATLR to show that postoperative imaging can predict the VFD and then use this software in real time during surgery in an intraoperative MRI suite. Updated anatomical scans can be acquired during surgery and tractography data accurately mapped on to these and displayed on the operating microscope display. I demonstrate that this image guidance allows the neurosurgeon to avoid significant VFD without affecting the seizure outcome. Diffusion imaging can also probe tissue microstructure. I explore how structural changes within the frontoparietal working memory network and temporal lobes are related to working memory impairment in TLE. I describe the structural changes that occur following ATLR showing both Wallerian degeneration and structural plasticity. Finally, I show how a novel diffusion model (NODDI) could aid the clinical assessment of patients with focal cortical dysplasia. The emphasis throughout this thesis is how diffusion imaging can be clinically useful and address clinically relevant outcomes.
Probability analysis of water quality by turbidity

The distribution of turbidity values in given sample is analyzed. The results demonstrated that the nature of the distribution of turbidity values during the year largely depends on the seasonal factor, hence the analysis of the distribution of turbidity is performed separately for each month. Order statistic (variation series) is computed and an empirical distribution function of turbidity values is derived. It is concluded, that the distribution of turbidity in given water sample differs from normal, log-normal and gamma distributions. However, it can be described with sufficient accuracy by a cubic polynomial function. The turbidity distribution hypothesis is tested by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The water turbidity distribution function predicts the probability of exceeding the specified values of turbidity and enables numerical assessment of its likelihood.
Alternative workflow for three-dimensional basin modeling in areas of structural complexity: Case study from the Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia

Basin modeling in structurally complex areas involves several difficulties associated with its geometric and thermal history approaches. There have been multiple developments concerning the structural geometry in doing three-dimensional (3-D) basin modeling in these settings. However, their applicability is limited because most of these improvements require 3-D structural restorations, which is an input that is not always available at basin scale. Although a traditional basin model using backstripping could give a faster overview of the petroleum system elements, it is an alternative method that may distort the structural evolution and, consequently, the petroleum potential evaluation. Equally important are the thermal history uncertainties in these environments, where several factors disturb the thermal regime. Despite these difficulties, traditional 3-D basin modeling could be a reliable tool when we are able to understand the geometric and thermal histories and implement the proper adjustments. We propose alternative methods to tackle common problems when building 3-D basin models, and we demonstrate their validity with an example in the Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia. This hydrocarbon province located in the northern Andes corresponds to an intermountain basin that has undergone a complex evolution. Its structural configuration represents a modeling challenge by means of the backstripping method. Additionally, a high variability exists in the present-day basal heat flow related to its structural evolution. The result of our model not only fits the calibration data, but also reflects the geological processes better. The proposed methodology intends to aid basin modelers in providing additional options when modeling in structurally deformed basins.
Multimodal magnetic resonance investigation of childhood metabolic neurodegenerative disease

Background: The central nervous system is frequently affected in children with inherited metabolic disorders (IMD). The causes of the brain insult are incompletely understood, and novel methods are required for disease diagnosis and monitoring response to novel therapies. Aims & Methods: The study aimed to improve understanding of the pathogenesis of IMD-related neurodegeneration, and to identify potential disease biomarkers in specific IMD, by directly investigating alterations in brain tissue metabolite profiles using non-invasive in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in conjunction with conventional MRI brain scans. Results: MRI/MRS studies were performed on over 300 children. Normal brain metabolite profiles were established from a standard comparator cohort. A detailed quality analysis enabled combination of data from different scanner systems. Non-standard brain metabolites were detected in 2.3% of children. Metabolite-based methods of disease progression monitoring were evaluated in Hunter Syndrome. Mechanisms leading to strokes in patients with propionic acidaemia and to learning difficulties and epilepsy in argininosuccinic aciduria were explored using brain tissue metabolite profiling. Conclusions: Non-invasive in vivo brain tissue metabolite profiling is achievable using quantitative magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the routine clinical paediatric setting, and has utility in disease diagnostics, in monitoring disease progression and in investigating disease pathogenesis.
USING AIR QUALITY MODELLING AND EMISSION PROJECTIONS AS A SUPPORT TO THE FIRST AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM UNDER NEC DIRECTIVE TARGETS FOR 2030

The new National Emission Ceilings (NEC) Directive was transposed into Portuguese law in 2018 creating the obligation to comply with the established NEC for Portugal and to develop a National Air Pollution Control Programme (NAPCP). An analysis of emission trends and projections, and potential air quality and environmental impacts, was performed as a support to the NAPCP. Notwithstanding the emissions reduction trend, NEC noncompliance cases are still foreseen for SOx, NMVOC and PM2.5 under a 2030 current level legislation scenario. In terms of air quality impacts, a likely compliance with air quality objectives for health protection is expected for NO2 and PM2.5, with an increase of O3 levels. Based on the obtained results, it is possible to identify the need for further emission reduction measures and for the air quality simulation of other scenarios.
Simulation of the rising of gas bubbles in a pilot-scale external loop airlift photobioreactor

Air-lift reactors offer an interesting option as a microalgae cultivation system, especially for biorefineries. To optimize this application, a precise description of the moving interfaces formed by the liquid and gas phase is critical. In this paper, a coupled Level Set Method (LSM) and finite difference method is used to simulate gas bubbles dynamics in a pilot-scale external loop air-lift photobioreactor in which microalgae are used to capture CO2 from flue gas and to treat wastewater. Numerical simulations are carried out on a rectangular domain representing the section on the vertical axis of the riser. The data employed were either acquired from previous experimental campaigns carried out in the ALR or found in the literature. The rise, shape dynamics and coalescence process of the bubbles of flue gas are studied. The issue of volume loss characteristic of standard LSM is dealt with the conservative level set method. Computation results show good correspondence with the experimental ones.
Precision Calibration System for Partial Discharge Calibrators

Partial discharge calibrators need to be periodically calibrated traceable to national standards. VTT MIKES, the National Metrology Institute (NMI) of Finland, has official expertise to calibrate the apparent charge of PD calibrators from 1 pC to 100 nC according to IEC 60270. Recently, VTT MIKES has developed techniques to measure charges as low as 0.01 pC with 3 % uncertainty (k = 2). VTT MIKES has participated to an intercomparison of four NMI’s in 2018 and the results indicate that VTT MIKES can both expand their official measurement capabilities and lower their uncertainties. This paper presents VTT MIKES’s precision calibration system for PD calibrators. Additionally, an overview of commercial PD calibrators’ performance is provided and compared to the requirements of IEC 60270. Data is based on the calibrations performed during the last 10 years.
CREATING WALLONIA'S NEW VERY HIGH RESOLUTION LAND COVER MAPS: COMBINING GRASS GIS OBIA AND OTB PIXEL-BASED RESULTS

Abstract. The Walloon region of Belgium has launched a research project that aims at elaborating a methodology for automated, high-quality land cover mapping, based primarily on its yearly 0.25m orthophoto coverage. Whereas in urban areas an object-based (OBIA) approach has been the privileged path in the last years as it allows taking into account shape information relevant for the characterization of man-made constructions, such an approach has its limits in the rural and more natural areas due to increased difficulties for segmentation and less sharp boundaries, thus calling for a pixel-based approach. The project thus consists in developing a combination of methods, and to integrate their results through an ensemble fusion approach. As many of the more natural land cover classes have temporal profiles which cannot be detected in a one-date orthoimage, Sentinel 1 and 2 data are also included in order to take advantage of their higher spectral and temporal resolution. All methods are trained using existing regional databases. In a second step, we combine the different LC classification results by fusioning them into one high-accuracy (over 90% OA) product, using a series of different approaches ranging from rule-based to machine learning to the Dempster-Shafer method. The entire toolchain is based on free and open source software, mainly GRASS GIS and Orfeo ToolBox. Results indicate the importance of the quality of the individual classifications for the fusion results and justify the choice of combining OBIA and pixel-based approaches in order to avoid the pitfalls of each.
Contributing to health reform : urban Aboriginal women speak out

In this thesis, the researcher shares their own personal journey as an Aboriginal researcher walking the borderlands between academic and Indigenous worldviews. Indigenous Methodologies and Talking Circles provided a culturally safe environment for urban Aboriginal women to collectively develop and share their strategies to enable health care providers, educators, and policy makers to provide respectful non-racist, non-disciminatory health care.
Kitchen oil recycling networks used in São Paulo macro-Metropolis

Objetivo: analisar se a disposição espacial e o relacionamento entre as empresas coletoras e beneficiadoras de óleo de cozinha usado na Macrometrópole de São Paulo (MSP) permite caracterizá-las como clusters ou arranjos produtivos locais (APLs). Metodologia: a pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa com abordagem exploratória baseada em estudo de casos múltiplos envolvendo três empresas de um universo atual de quinze associadas à Associação Brasileira para Sensibilização, Coleta e Reciclagem de Óleo Comestível (ECÓLEO), que congrega as mais importantes empresas atuantes nesse segmento na MSP. Baseou-se em pesquisa bibliográfica, levantamento documental e entrevistas seguidas de triangulação das informações. Originalidade/Relevância: a análise das empresas sob a ótica de cluster ou arranjo produtivo, permitiu verificar como elas estão organizadas espacialmente na MSP, bem como o relacionamento entre elas, visando sugerir apoio governamental para a otimização de suas atividades e a ampliação da geração de renda.Resultados: a pesquisa mostrou que os elementos de economia de aglomeração identificados não se revelaram suficientes para dizer que o segmento se apresenta como cluster ou arranjo produtivo local. As empresas estudadas têm poucas interações entre elas formando redes isoladas de cooperação, compostas por pequenos fornecedores de óleo usado que gravitam em seus redores. Contribuições Teóricas: como contribuições do estudo destaca-se a identificação das redes de cooperação existentes no segmento de reciclagem de óleo de cozinha usado e de como os seus atores se organizam e atuam na MSP. Destaca-se também a ampliação da literatura nacional sobre essa temática que é emergente em nível mundial.Palavras-chave: Resíduo de óleo de cozinha. Clusters. Aglomerações. Arranjos produtivos locais – APLs. Redes de cooperação