Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FIREFLY OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM EFFECT ON ADAPTIVE NEURO-FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEMS PREDICTION IMPROVEMENT OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN SEWER SYSTEMS

To optimize and economical designing of sewer systems, minimum flow velocity through sewer should be determined as the input sediment to the channel, is not deposited (limiting velocity at the limit of deposition). In this study, a new hybrid method based on a combination of Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Firefly Algorithm (FFA) was presented to predict limiting velocity at the limit of deposition in sewer systems. The effective parameters in limiting velocity prediction are surveyed, and the four dimensionless parameters namely as volumetric sediment concentration ( C V ), a relative of the median diameter of particle size to the hydraulic radius ( d/R ), dimensionless particle number ( D gr ) and flow resistance ( λ s ) was selected. Coefficient determination ( R 2 ), root relative square error ( RRSE ), mean absolute percentage error ( MAPE ), and BIAS are used for calculating the models’ performance. Three sets of experimental data which are presented in the literature are employed to evaluate the models. To examine all possible input combinations, 11 different models were introduced. The limiting velocity was presented by all input combination using ANFIS-FFA. The results indicated that the use of d/R and C V as input variables lead to most accurate predictions among all models ( R 2 =0.97; MAPE =5.78; RRSE =0.08; BIAS =0.11). The results of ANFIS-FFA was compared with ANFIS and regression-based equations.
Lack of Behavioral Effects of High-Peak-Power Microwave Pulses from an Axially Extracted Virtual Cathode Oscillator

Abstract : The development of high-power microwave (HPM) generators capable of producing extremely high-peak-power pulses for defense, commercial, and biomedical applications (1,2) has raised concern for the safety of the personnel operating such equipment. Occupational safety standards for radiofrequency exposure are based on the average-power density of irradiation and may lack applicability in situations where peak-power density is quite high while average-power density is relatively low. A battery of behavioral experiments was conducted to evaluate possible biological effects of high-power microwave (HPM) pulses generated by the Transformer Energized Megavolt Pulsed Output (TEMPO) microwave emitter, an axially extracted Virtual Cathode Oscillator (VIRCATOR). Free space electromagnetic energy in the frequency range 2.01 to 2.57 GHz (mean frequency = 2.11 + or - 0.09 SD) was radiated by conical horn in a TM01 mode. The overall pulse width was approximately 85 ns, with maximum power densities ranging as high as 24.11 kW/cm sq. per pulse (mean peak-power density = 10.79 KW/cm sq. + or - 0.35 SEM). The results suggest that peak power is not as important as average power in causing deleterious biological effects.
Review for "The investigation and provenance of glass vessel fragments attributed to the Tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35, Valley of the Kings"

Four polychrome glass fragments, excavated from tomb KV35 in the Valley of the Kings, attributed to Amenhotep II, were analysed to further investigate the composition and provenance of early Late Bronze Age (LBA) glasses. An additional fragment, EA64163, cited by the British Museum as being stylistically analogous to the fragments from KV35, although with a findspot simply recorded as ‘ Thebes ’ , was also analysed. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis was used to analyse multiple colours on the fragments to determine the major element composition, the colouring strategies and to establish provenance using trace element analysis. The resulting data obtained were compared with four polychrome fragments of standard LBA Egyptian composition, excavated from the palace of Amenhotep III at Malkata, previously analysed by scanning electron microscopy with wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-WDS). Analysis showed that the glasses excavated from KV35 are standard LBA glass of Egyptian composition and were most likely produced in Egypt during the 18th Dynasty. The fragment EA64163 is a low magnesia, low potash glass comparable with Iron Age composition and therefore should be reconsidered as a later glass. The analysis of glasses excavated from a reliable, early Egyptian context supports the proposi-tion that glass technology for multiple colours was established in Egypt at least as early as 1400 BCE . group for Egypt. The present paper provides additional analyses of early glass material on a range of colours from nine fragments attributed to tomb KV35 and the palace at Malkata (Newberry 1900, 1902; de Tytus, 1903). The Malkata material is of standard Egyptian LBA glass composition and was analysed as a control to observe whether a small offset from the Egyptian field was directly comparable or reflected slightly different analytical settings in two different LA-ICP-MS systems. By analysing the Malkata controls in the same machine and at the same time as the KV35 unknown, small differences in minor and trace elements, indicative of composition, can be observed and compared, as well as negating any potential detection drift.
Automated Development of Floating Offshore Structures in Deepwater with Verified Global Performances by Coupled Analysis

This paper presents efficient hull design of floating offshore structures developed by fully automated hull optimization procedure. Optimization algorithms vary selected form parameters of the hull shape and find an optimum of the objective function within the provided constraints ensuring the resulting design to be technically feasible. For the location of the Gulf of Mexico, a semi-submersible production platform is optimized with regard to downtime due to heave motion. The optimized offshore structure shows remarkably enhanced design quality with minimized wave loads and motions compared to the selected reference design. Furthermore global dynamic performance of the developed design is investigated as an integrated system by a fully coupled analysis including hull/mooring/riser for harsh environmental conditions in order to verify the feasibility of the total system.
Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery

no abstract required for this manuscript type. References: 20 maximum, including the article discussed. Figures/tables: 2 maximum. Description: Commentaries, upon Editor’s invitation, discuss a paper published in a specific issue and should set the problems addressed by the paper in the wider context of the field. Proposals for Commentaries may be submitted; however, in this case authors should only send an outline of the proposed paper for initial consideration
THE SIMULATION OF SHIP MOTIONS AND CAPSIZING IN SEVERE SEAS

A numerical model has been developed to determine the large amplitude motions of a steered vessel subjected to severe wave conditions, including those that may lead to capsizing. The aim was to numerically identify different modes of capsizing that had been observed experimentally, and to study the mechanisms and conditions that could lead to capsizing. The various force components that occur in the large amplitude equations of motion were examined, and an analysis was carried out to determine the sensitivity of the roll response to changes in those components. Particular attention is paid to the ship behavior and its simulation in irregular following and quartering seas
Seismic Deblending By Shot Repetition

Blended acquisition, or simultaneous source acquisition, is a relatively new seismic acquisition design that allows shot interference. Deblending is the procedure that separates the interfering shots as if they were acquired conventionally. This thesis reviews one of the more advanced deblending algorithms in great detail, and demonstrates that it does not perform well when the source sampling is sparse. This thesis proposes a new blended acquisition design, shot repetition, to overcome the restriction of dense source sampling by deblending solely in the common-shot domain. The theoretical fundamentals of shot repetition are derived. Based on that, three possible acquisition configurations are proposed, and the designed deblending algorithm is explained and discussed. This thesis also demonstrates that extreme noise, e.g. competitor’s interference and barnacle noise, can be removed by the same deblending algorithm. The results of implementing the deblending algorithm on synthetic data of three configurations show that all the interfering shots are near-perfect separated. The results do not indicate that one configuration is better than the others. The field data results, on both blended data and the data with barnacle noise, demonstrate that strong overlapping events and weak overlapping events can be separated quite well, while the separation of strong events overlapping weak events leads to signal leakage. The deblending performance is confirmed by a significant SNR improvement on the deblended synthetic data (around 22 dB), a fair SNR improvement (7 dB to 12 dB) on the deblended field data, and a fair SNR improvement (around 5 dB) on the removal of barnacle noise.
Food availability, temperature, and day length drive seasonal variations in the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs in the limestone forests of Southwest Guangxi, China

Abstract Information on positional behavior contributes to the understanding of the ecological adaptation mechanisms in animals. We collected data on the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) at the Guangxi Chongzuo White‐Headed Langur National Nature Reserve from September 2016 to August 2017 via instantaneous scan sampling method. This study aimed to examine the importance of positional behavior flexibility in limestone forests characterized by seasonal variations in climate and food resources. Our results indicated that langurs adopted leaping (47.92% ± 5.50%) and vertical climbing (40.13% ± 6.20%) as their predominant locomotor modes and sitting (83.08% ± 4.70%) as their predominant posture. Their positional behavior exhibited marked seasonal variations. More specifically, langurs used quadrupedal walking more frequently during the dry season than during the rainy months. In the stationary state, they sat more frequently during the dry season, whereas they laid and suspended more often during the rainy season. Their positional behavior was affected by fruit availability, day length, and temperature. Quadrupedal walking increased with the decrease in fruit availability, whereas leaping was positively correlated with fruit availability. Moreover, sitting was positively correlated with average temperature but negatively correlated with day length. Lying was also negatively correlated with temperature but positively correlated with day length. We conclude that white‐headed langurs adapt to limestone forests with positional behavior flexibility in response to seasonality. Our research provides evidence of the effects of food availability, ambient temperature, and day length on the positional behavior of white‐headed langurs, highlighting the need to understand their behavioral ecology and the influence of ecological factors on behavioral adaptation.
Effect of Minimum Wages on Inflation and Unemployment in East Java - Indonesia

Unemployment and inflation are two macroeconomic problems that have a trade-off, this means that the relationship between inflation and unemployment is negative and the relationship is also called the Phillips curve. The increase in the minimum wage is one of the causes of inflation and unemployment. This study aims to determine the relationship between minimum wage and inflation, the relationship between minimum wage and unemployment, the relationship between inflation and unemployment. This study uses panel data from 38 regions with the period 2010-2019 in East Java-Indonesia. Data is collected from the Central Bureau of Statistics of East Java. Data were analyzed with the Amos. The results showed that the real minimum wage had a negative and significant effect on inflation. Real minimum wages have a positive and significant effect on unemployment. Inflation has a positive and significant effect on unemployment. There is no trade-off between inflation and unemployment, this study does not support the Phillips curve. The real minimum wage has a direct negative effect on inflation, inflation has a positive effect on unemployment, thus causing the real minimum wage to have a negative effect indirectly on unemployment. The relationship between inflation and unemployment shows that higher inflation tends to lead to higher unemployment. The determination coefficient for inflation was 5.5 percent and the determination coefficient for unemployment was 2.3 percent.
Designing intelligent tutors that adapt to when students game the system

Students use intelligent tutors and other types of interactive learning environments in a considerable variety of ways. In this thesis, I detail my work to understand, automatically detect, and re-design an intelligent tutoring system to adapt to a behavior I term "gaming the system". Students who game the system attempt to succeed in the learning environment by exploiting properties of the system rather than by learning the material and trying to use that knowledge to answer correctly. Within this thesis, I present a set of studies aimed towards understanding what effects gaming has on learning, and why students game, using a combination of quantitative classroom observations and machine learning. In the course of these studies, I determine that gaming the system is replicably associated with low learning. I use data from these studies to develop a profile of students who game, showing that gaming students have a consistent pattern of negative affect towards many aspects of their classroom experience and studies. Another part of this thesis is the development and training of a detector that reliably detects gaming, in order to drive adaptive support. In this thesis, I validate that this detector transfers effectively between 4 different lessons within the middle school mathematics tutor curriculum without re-training. This detector uses Latent Response Models (Maris 1995), combining labeled and unlabeled data at different-grain sizes, in order to train a model to accurately indicate both which students were gaming, and when they were gaming, and uses Fast Correlation-Based Filtering (Yu and Liu 2003) to efficiently search the space of potential models. The final part of this thesis is the re-design of an existing intelligent tutoring lesson to respond to gaming. The re-designed lesson incorporates an animated agent ("Scooter the Tutor") who indicates to the student and their teacher whether the student has been gaming recently, and gives students supplemental exercises, in order to offer the student another chance to learn material he/she gamed through. Scooter reduced the frequency of gaming by over half, and Scooter's supplementary exercises were associated with substantially improved learning; Scooter appeared to have little effect on non-gaming students.
Vibration based structural model updating and damage identification of bridges

Effective structural model updating and damage identification methods are proposed by using incomplete measured modal data. The exact relationship between the perturbation of structural parameters and the modal properties of the tested dynamic structure is given on the base of dynamic perturbation method. Structural perturbation parameters are properly selected to represent the differences in structural parameters for structural model updating and damage identification at critical point level. Experimental studies for a laboratory tested steel structure model are undertaken to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model updating technique and to investigate the influence of structural damage on changes of modal parameters. Furthermore, a cable-stayed bridge is adopted for numerical investigations on inverse structural damage identification. The results from experimental studies and numerical investigations show the applicability of the proposed method to structural model updating and damage identification. © 2014 Taylor & Francis Group.
Extraction and Characterization of Alpha Amylase from Phaseolus Aconitifolius.

The Alpha amylase breaks down long chain carbohydrates and that’s why it is very useful in food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of the present work is to extract and characterize the Alpha amylase from germinated Mat beans, for optimum pH and temperature for activity and stability, effect of metal ions, optimum substrate concentration, Km and Vmax. Mat beans were germinated and then extracted with Acetate buffer (pH 5.0). The amylase assay was based on the reduction in blue color intensity resulting from enzyme hydrolysis of starch. For optimization of pH for stability, buffer solutions from pH range of 3.5 to 10.0 were prepared. For determination of optimum temperature, the range used was 35 o C to 65 o C. Substrate solutions in range of 0.1% to 4.0% were prepared for optimum substrate concentration. Mat beans germinated for 3 days show maximum enzymatic activity (65.79U/ml). 95% of the original activity was retained in the pH range 7.0 to 8.0. The maximum activity of an enzyme was found to be at 55 C. 10mM Ca 2+ stimulated the enzyme activity up to 123%. Optimum substrate concentration was found to be 1.5%. Km was found to be 2.0 mM, and Vmax 100.0 nm/min. Alpha amylase extracted from germinated Mat beans follows Michaelis-Menten equation. It can be concluded that Mat bean is a good source of Alpha amylase and this enzyme could find promising application of hydrolysis of starch.
An Outlook of Platform Theory Research in Business Studies

There is considerable diversity in the interpretation of the term “platform” and in the subjects being analyzed in platform theory research in the field of business studies. This paper classifies the genealogy of platform theory research into the following three streams with the aim of elucidating its genealogy and current situation: (1) platform technology theory/platform components theory (2) platform products theory: layer-type platform theory, (3) platform products theory: interaction-type platform theory. A review of the literature indicates that, in terms of the platform technology theory/platform components theory, the core stream of research is platform strategy in product development originating from automobile product development research. The core stream of research in the layer-type platform theory is platform leadership and ecosystems theory related to platform leadership. There are two broad streams of research in the interaction-type platform theory, that is, research focused on (1) platform businesses and (2) two-sided platform strategies. Additionally, this paper suggests the fusion of layer-type platform theory and interaction-type platform theory in platform products theory and development of social platform theory as two future directions for the development of platform theory.
Benefits of cylinder deactivation on a diesel engine and restrictions due to low boost

ABSTRACT The benefits and limitations of cylinder deactivation for light duty diesel engines have been investigated. Two of four cylinders were deactivated by switching to zero-lift cams for the intake and exhaust valves on a turbocharged, 4 cylinder common rail direct injection diesel engine. When running at light engine loads (2 bar BMEP, based on 4 cylinder operation), cylinder deactivation had no effect or improved BSFC at given engine-out NO x levels. Cylinder deactivation allowed higher fuel rail pressures to be used to reduce soot emissions whilst maintaining an advantage in lower HC and CO emissions. At engine loads up to 3 bar BMEP on 4 cylinders, cylinder deactivation lowered CO and HC emissions and raised exhaust gas temperature by around 120 °C. At higher loads, fuel economy deteriorated and soot and NO x emissions increased markedly. The reduction in engine charge flow rate resulting from deactivating two cylinders limited the boost available. The resulting lower AFR and restricted level of EGR available were the main reasons for the deterioration in emissions at higher load conditions. At similar indicated loads, higher boost values available when running on 4 cylinders produced lower soot and CO for a relatively small reduction in the benefit of higher exhaust gas temperature, indicating boost revisions would extend the useful range of cylinder deactivation.
Evaluation of Major Chemical Components in Beans of Some Selected International Cocoa Clones in Ghana

Cocoa bean is an important raw material for the chocolate, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The butter content and other chemical components such as polyphenols play essential role in the health benefits of consumers as well as flavor of chocolates produced. In this study cocoa beans from 15 international clones (genotypes) were fermented and dried for six and 14 days, respectively. Genotypic effect on the major chemical components of the beans that affect chocolate flavour and taste were assessed using various protocols in the laboratory. Concentrations and relationship existing among the chemical components tested during three- and two-year periods were determined. Genotypic differences were found to account for variation in the concentration of various components tested. Among the genotypes used Man 15-2 seems to be high in fat content whilst IMC 47 was low. In terms of O-dihydric phenol content ICS 1 recorded the highest whilst MO 20 recorded the least. A further test on polyphenols content showed high levels for Gu 255 whilst T 79/501 recorded the least. Significant positive correlation was also observed among the various chemical components tested. The findings of this work clearly confirmed the existence of significant correlations among the major chemical components in cocoa beans and the influence of genotype on the chemical component concentration. This information could be very useful in breeding and selection for a particular component since genotype plays a major role.
Biomass loss in village ecosystem due to human-wildlife interaction in Western Himalayan region, India

Conservation faces the challenge of reconciling human activities with the simultaneous presence of wildlife in cultivated landscapes. In attempt to estimate biomass and associated carbon loss due to the removal of agroforestry trees species the present study was carried out in two villages of Pauri Garhwal. The results revealed that due to human-animal interaction caused substantial biomass loss (7.365 and 2.453 t ha-1) and carbon loss (3.386 and 15.133 t ha-1) in the two studied villages Manjgaon and Mald Bada, respectively. The estimates of the present study demands protecting existing forests and planting trees through reforestation and afforestation as a measure to enhance carbon sequestration capacity. The success of these management practices will depend on the potential to minimise human-animal interactions especially in the fringes of the village community and agricultural landscapes.