Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Residential Water Demand in Hawassa, Ethiopia

This empirical study is aimed to analyze the determinants of residential water demand and performed water use practice at household level in Hawassa. This study will fill the research gap and information on factors affecting household water demand in regions being water scarce and will provide useful information for policy-makers and water utility planners in order to use scarce drinking water resource more efficiently. In this study the proposed potential factors determine household water demand in Hawassa were; Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, the average monthly household expenditure, use of water appliances and household water use patterns for various purposes, and household awareness towards water source conservation. The cross sectional survey was done in 169 rondomly selected households. The collected Data was analyzed using multiple regression models with different functional forms (linear, semi-log) and heteroskedaticity corrected model was also used in each of functional forms to examine the structural relationship between the quantity of water demand and explanatory variables. The gretl statisitcal software package was used. The descriptive statistics analysis was also followed to present results in tables, charts and graphs (mean, median, minimum, maximum, frequency distributions). The analayzed result indicates, socioeconomic and demographic variables (age of the respondents, household size, education, occupation or income sources from private business) were found to have statistically significant predictors with the expected signs, while hh education level with unexpected sign. The other variables; household head type, gender, and housing were not statistically significant in predicting household water demand in Hawassa. Monthly expenditure (the proxy to income & welfare), use of normal appliances (flush toilet, flow tap, shower and dishwasher), and garden were found to have significant predictors of household water demand. The sign for the variable water appliances is not as expected. Household awareness towards water source conservation was found to have statistically significant predictor of water consumption with the negative sign as expected.
Diverse Paths of Upgrading in High-Tech Manufacturing: Costa Rica in the Electronics and Medical Devices Global Value Chains

Costa Rica has sought to improve its position in the global economy by prioritizing export growth in two high-tech manufacturing industries led by foreign direct investment (FDI): electronics and medical devices. We use a global value chain (GVC) perspective to identify key commonalities and contrasts in Costa Rica’s performance in upgrading these two sectors. Because the electronics and medical devices GVCs have very different structures in Costa Rica (electronics is dominated by a single large firm, Intel, whereas medical devices has a highly diversified set of foreign manufacturers), multiple forms of upgrading, downgrading and knowledge spillovers are possible. Although the experience of these two industries illustrates different paths to upgrading, developing backward linkages in Costa Rica was not the preferred nor the only way of moving up the value chain. The medical devices sector exhibited more traditional knowledge spillovers and labor market features of local industrial agglomerations, whereas the electronics sector demonstrated significant wage and skill-level gains because of the incorporation of high-value service activities due to the evolving global strategy of its GVC lead firm, Intel. By combining a GVC perspective with a focus on knowledge flows and value creation at the local level, we seek to promote more explicit integration of international business and economic geography concepts and methods.
The technical and economical aspects of marine engine selection

Title of Dissertation: The Technical and Economical Aspects of Marine Engine Selection Degree: MSc This study is based on a description regarding the development of the marine diesel engine; machinery design principles, technical and economical comparisons and finally the selection procedure taking into consideration operational behaviour and environmental aspects. The project can give guidance to shipowners/shipyards for the proper selection of a marine diesel engine and it can also serve as a guide for marine engineers and technicians on board ship. The dissertation is a study of the selection procedure of marine diesel engine, which is both economically competitive and technically appropriate in terms of reliability, simplicity, durability and environmental aspects. A brief look is taken at the history of the marine diesel engine and achievements due to the development of marine propulsion plants in the recent years. The thermal efficiency of marine diesel engines has increased to well over 50%, as have reliability and durability been improved. Effort has been made for all the possibilities of utilising the waste heat from the marine diesel engines. The operational behaviour i.e. the vibration & noise effects and environmental aspects have also been enhanced. Hence, the marine engine selection programme is a comprehensive and complicated task. The economical comparison among the four alternatives in Chapter 4 shows that, the MAN B&W SS60MC two stroke slow speed engine, choosing the power take­ off (PTO) with turbo-compound system (TCS) is the best choice for the selected Bulk Carrier, because of a high degree of reliability, low capital and maintenance costs, short pay back period and considerable amount of the net present value (NPV).
Sampling a hidden population: noninstitutionalized drug users.

: As the spread of AIDS continues, there is an urgent need to understand patterns of drug use among drug users. While it is recognized that probability samples are scientifically preferable, there is a need to balance the realities of field research targeting an elusive population with the need for a sound sampling plan. A purposive or targeted sampling plan can increase the possibility of obtaining a representative sample of drug users. Targeted sampling involves using several sampling methods. First, neighborhoods with high concentrations of drug users are identified within the community in order to identify clusters of individuals in the target population. Once the geographic areas from which to sample have been identified, stratification can be used as an effective way to get a representative sample from neighborhoods with differing drug use patterns. The sampling plan can be further strengthened by the use of quota sampling to ensure that subgroups of drug users are adequately represented in the sample.
An investigation into the residential electricity demand, device use and activity patterns of older people in Reading, UK

The UK residential sector accounts for about one-third of overall electricity demand. The proportion and rhythm of this demand are projected to change largely due to projected changes in household characteristics such as demographic structure, energy-relevant practices and the changes in the ordering and structure of each day during the week. The UK population is ageing and future levels of electricity demand will depend not only on energy-efficiency gains, changes in the work-life length and structure, but also more on the activities of older consumers. The relationships between device use and activity patterns can shed light on the timing of residential electricity demand. This study analysed the timing of some energy-relevant practices enacted by over 65 year-olds in Reading, UK. The aim of this study is to investigate the pattern of the energy-relevant practices by older people. This study was carried out between November 2015 and February 2017 using meter readings and appliance-use diaries. These provided a snapshot of the timing of selected device (shared) use, the pattern of kWh demand and the frequency of use for other devices for seven consecutive days. From these, I developed energy intensity indexes and time slots to enable comparison of the most significant kWh readings within and across days. The frequencies of households using the selected devices were used to indicate the synchronicity (coming together) of device use. Meters were installed in participating households for a week during which the occupant(s) filled-in time use diaries for selected devices in a mostly 4-hour time ii slot and indicated the frequency of use for other appliances. The meter readings were recorded every 60 seconds and aggregated in alignment with the diary time slots. This enabled the determination of the variation and rhythm of electricity demand and electricity demand intensity. Frequencies were employed to describe the pattern of use of the selected devices. The findings from this study suggest that the single and two-person older households differ significantly in their pattern, intensity of electricity demand and device use. For instance, two-person households seem to have higher levels of routine and internal synchronisation than single households.
Dark Web Threat Intelligence and Market Analysis

 It is described that the dark network is usually the dark side of the World Wide Web. At the same time, there are many threatening crime information in the dark network. It is a hidden part of the Internet and has gradually become a place for illegal activities, including the drug market, child pornography, gun sales, Financial fraud, assassination of employment, etc. Most criminals use specialized tools to access dark networks, such as TOR, which enable them to access networks anonymously. As a result, it has brought serious difficulties to research and law enforcement personnel. To achieve active cyber threat intelligence in cybersecurity research, this paper proposes a hidden network threat intelligence analysis framework, which is primarily used to identify the sellers of the dark network market and identify the sellers who have the greatest impact on these markets.
Promoting upskilling: How a situational growth mindset increases consumers’ adoption of really new products

Despite their evident capacity for improving people’s lives, 40 to 90 percent of innovations fail. A significant amount of research suggests that one important reason for failure is consumers’ lack of understanding of the benefits that a new product can offer. This dissertation seeks to enhance our understanding of how firms can help consumers to learn about and understand the benefits a new product can offer them. The general emphasis in the extant literature is on consumer declarative learning, which is mainly focused on the benefits of new products related to functional features. The underlying assumption regarding declarative learning about a product is that people already know how to use the new product—that is, they have procedural knowledge in the form of user skills. However, a literature review suggests that people do not have procedural knowledge when the product is really new. In this dissertation, I propose that lack of procedural knowledge inhibits declarative learning, and that procedural learning is needed in order to create an understanding of and an interest in a new product. Accordingly, I introduce the concept of “upskilling communication” to refer to messages related to learning how skills can be improved with the new product. Such learning of new skills is referred to as procedural knowledge. Not all people at all times will react to upskilling communication with the same desire to learn new skills. In order to learn, people need to be open for change and learning. Therefore, I propose that when consumers are in a state of growth mindset, their openness to change and learning should enable them to appreciate the benefits presented in upskilling communication. Specifically, this dissertation has examined two research questions: (1) will upskilling communication increase consumers’ adoption of really new products? And (2) will consumers’ situational growth mindset enhance the effect of upskilling communication on adoption of really new products? Across six studies and a meta-analysis, using four different ways to operationalize upskilling communication and across four different new products, the findings converge. The results from empirical investigation confirmed that upskilling communication leads to higher consumer adoption of really new products. More importantly, I demonstrated that upskilling communication works better for consumers with a situational growth mindset. However, If marketers are unable to identify consumers’ situational growth mindset, then signaling communication is more effective. The underlying mechanism of these effects was cognitive effort in learning about a new product and perceived relative advantage of the new product. The results presented herein are important for both consumer researchers and marketing practitioners.
The ACT Raising Safe Kids Program.

WHO SHOULD ATTEND The ACT-NE Regional Training Center trains and certifies professionals who work with families of young children, many of whom come from backgrounds in early education, psychology, domestic violence counseling, social work, healthcare and community economic opportunity agencies. These trained professionals return to their organizations, and lead the parent education program in their own community with the support and technical assistance of the ACT Northeast Office.
VASOMOTOR RESPONSES OF CIGARETTE SMOKERS TO STIMULI USED IN SEVERAL VASCULAR RESPONSE TESTINGS

This study was aimed to determine the chronic effects of smoking on vasomotor responses in healthy male volunteers with 20 – 45 years of age and working at the Police General Hospital. The volunteers were divided without randomization into 2 groups of 10 smokers and 10 nonsmokers. Then, the left arm and left leg of both groups were stimulated by hot water (42 0 C) , cold water (12 0 C), aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise to legs. Vasomotor responses, physical performance, and Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) changes before and after some of the above stimulations were calculated. The results were that vasomotor responses of blood vessels of the upper and lower extremities in nonsmokers was significantly greater than in smokers after stimulation by hot water, cold water and aerobic exercise; and a significant reduction of ‘ Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)’ in nonsmokers after both exercises was found, which was similar to vasomotor response found by volumeter. In conclusion, smoking is associated with reduction in many physical performances, psycho-neurological performances and vasomeotor responses. This may explain how smoking may relate to atherosclerotic changes of blood vessels and the severity may depend on duration and the amount of smoking. (Journal of Sports Science and Technology 2012;12 (2):87 - 106)
Selling Your Soul on the Information Superhighway: Consenting to Services in Direct-to-Consumer Tele-Mental Health

Direct-to-consumer tele-mental health services—therapy delivered by video conference, email, and text message—is a burgeoning model of service delivery. The practice of on-demand digital psychotherapy presents ethical questions, as new economic models, service delivery systems, and therapeutic models are introduced. Virtual therapy, now offered on a subscription basis by third-party providers, requires users to accept Terms of Service (ToS) agreements to access services. This article describes the results of a survey in which participants (n = 579) were asked to compare the values of the Human Rights Framework with the language of one tele-mental health platform’s ToS user agreement. Findings suggest that those clients with prior experience with a mental health professional will find the ToS agreements to be the most ethically compromised. Similarly, employed and better educated individuals also found the ToS to be ethically suspect. The most vulnerable of the groups we surveyed, individuals who hold less education and those who are unemployed, may be at most risk for signing consent to a system they do not understand. The study provides one example of the ethical questions that emerge from the introduction of a new model of for-profit service provision in mental health. Recommendations for consumers and practitioners are suggested.
Instruments of Debtstruction: A New Database of Interwar Debt

We construct a new, comprehensive instrument-level database of sovereign debt for 18 advanced and emerging countries over the period 1913–46. The database contains data on amounts outstanding for some 3,800 individual debt instruments as well as associated qualitative information, including instrument type, coupon rate, maturity, and currency of issue. This information can provide unique insights into various policies implemented in the interwar period, which was characterized by notoriously high debt levels. We document how interwar governments rolled over debts that were largely unsustainable and how the external public debt network contributed to the collapse of the international financial system in the early 1930s.
Developing sustainable green ship recycling facilities in Indonesia: Investigation of current situation

When ships reached the end of their operational life, they are required to be dismantled in a safe and environmentally friendly manner. However, current ship recycling process in Indonesia is not compliant with the standard of existing rules and is not environmentally friendly and dangerous to the safety of the workers. In this paper, a comprehensive gap analysis was conducted through the comparison of the current process with the standard of international regulations from health and safety perspective. The analysis is based on the expert judgement technique that combined the field observation and questionnaire to assess the current process as well as to identify the process related gaps compared to the current regulations. This has been achieved through these major steps: (1) Identification of ship recycling process, (2) Established an expert team, (3) Development of ideal process (4) Field observation (5) Development of observed process flow (6) Identify the gap.
Hashtags as a way to expedite the zakat supply chain

Article history: Received June 7, 2019 Received in revised format June 25, 2019 Accepted July 12 2019 Available online July 14 2019 Zakat is the most powerful Islamic instrument to support impoverished people around the world. Zakat helps to reduce poverty by increasing the empowerment level of mustahiq economics. However, ways in which the Zakat supply chain can be promoted need to be investigated. The objective of this study, the first of its kind, is to examine the role of Zakat hashtags in promoting the Zakat supply chain and mustahiq economics. Additionally, this study examines the role of Zakat awareness and marketing politics. To achieve the objective of this study, primary data were collected from various employees of Zakat collection institutions in Indonesia. The data were analysed using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The study found that Zakat hashtags play a major role in increasing Zakat awareness. It also plays an important role in increasing marketing politics. Zakat awareness and marketing politics increase the Zakat supply chain, a mechanism that ultimately increases the empowerment level of mustahiq economics. , Canada by the authors; licensee Growing Science 20 20 ©
LANGUAGE WORK AT A SWEDISH MULTINATIONAL Employees’ Perceptions of Language Management and Policy

Title: Language Work at a Swedish Multinational. Employees’ Perceptions of Language Management and Policy Author: Katarina Honkanen Supervisor: Joe Trotta Abstract: This study investigates language workers’ perceptions of the implementation and possible outcomes of new guidelines aimed to increase consistency in communication. A needs analysis establishes both present and target levels of consistency in the company’s written communication. Means to close the gap between the present and the target situations are investigated. The study makes use of qualitative textual analysis, questionnaires and interviews. The present situation analysis reveals that there is substantial variation in the company’s written communication, but that the new guidelines are perceived as an important step towards the target situation. However, the results also show that employees believe that policy alone will not be enough to reach the target situation, but that additional language management measures need to be taken. This study investigates language workers’ perceptions of the implementation and possible outcomes of new guidelines aimed to increase consistency in communication. A needs analysis establishes both present and target levels of consistency in the company’s written communication. Means to close the gap between the present and the target situations are investigated. The study makes use of qualitative textual analysis, questionnaires and interviews. The present situation analysis reveals that there is substantial variation in the company’s written communication, but that the new guidelines are perceived as an important step towards the target situation. However, the results also show that employees believe that policy alone will not be enough to reach the target situation, but that additional language management measures need to be taken.
Research Determinants of nurses' intentions to Note leave their profession

There has been considerable research concerned with providing an understanding of the complex problem of nurse turnover (e.g. Werbel, 1985). Most of this body of research has attempted to determine what causes nurses to leave their jobs. Recently there have been several successful attempts to understand this process (e.g. Prestholdt, Lane and Mathews, 1987; Price and Mueller, 1981). There is another facet of the nurse turnover problem that has received comparatively little attention. That is, why do nurses leave the profession of nursing? The lack of attention to this problem is somewhat surprising since over one-third of nurses leave their profession at some time in their career and these nurses spend on the average seven years away from their jobs (Gulack, 1983). The studies that have been concerned with nurse turnover from the profession have generally been descriptive, post hoc, and atheoretical (e.g. Wandelt, Pierce and Widdowson, 1981). This research has not produced the same degree of understanding as has the research on nurse turnover from their job. Therefore, the purpose of the present research was to attempt to fill this gap by identifying the immediate determinants of a nurse's intention to leave her profession. The theoretical framework chosen for this research is the theory of reasoned action (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980; Fishbein, 1980). This theory assumes that people use available information in a rational way to arrive at a behavioural decision such as leaving a profession. Specifically, the process is viewed as a hierarchical sequence leading from beliefs, through attitudes and social norms, to intention, and finally to behaviour. According to the theory, a person's behavioural intention (BI) to perform (or not perform) a specific behaviour is the immediate determinant of the behaviour (B). A recent meta-analysis has indicated the validity of this position for employee turnover (Steel and Ovalle, 1984). Intention, in turn, is determined by two constructs, the individual's personal affect or attitude toward performing (or not performing) the behaviour (Aact), and the perception of the social influence or normative pressure to perform (or not perform) the behaviour, referred to as subjective norm (SN). The theory can be expressed as a regression equation, B BI = w, Aact + W2 SN, where w, and W2 are the relative weights estimated by standardized regression coefficients. Both the affective and normative components of a decision are based on sets of specific beliefs held by the