Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observation of secondary ice production in clouds at low temperatures

Abstract. Ice particles play an important role in precipitation formation and radiation balance. Therefore, an accurate description of ice initiation in the atmosphere is of great importance for weather prediction models and climate simulations. Despite the abundance of ice crystals in the atmosphere, the mechanisms for their formation remain not well understood. There are two major sets of mechanisms of ice initiation in the atmosphere: primary nucleation and secondary ice production. Secondary ice production occurs in the presence of preexisting ice, which results in an enhancement of the concentration of ice particles. Until recently, secondary ice production was mainly attributed to the rime-splintering mechanism, known as the Hallett–Mossop process, which is active in a relatively narrow temperature range from −3 to −8 ∘C. The existence of the Hallett–Mossop process was well supported by in situ observations. The present study provides an explicit in situ observation of secondary ice production at temperatures as low as −27 ∘C, which is well outside the range of the Hallett–Mossop process. This observation expands our knowledge of the temperature range of initiation of secondary ice in clouds. The obtained results are intended to stimulate laboratory and theoretical studies to develop physically based parameterizations for weather prediction and climate models.
The CRECIL Corpus: a New Dataset for Extraction of Relations between Characters in Chinese Multi-party Dialogues

We describe a new freely available Chinese multi-party dialogue dataset for automatic extraction of dialogue-based character relationships. The data has been extracted from the original TV scripts of a Chinese sitcom called “I Love My Home” with complex family-based human daily spoken conversations in Chinese. First, we introduced human annotation scheme for both global Character relationship map and character reference relationship. And then we generated the dialogue-based character relationship triples. The corpus annotates relationships between 140 entities in total. We also carried out a data exploration experiment by deploying a BERT-based model to extract character relationships on the CRECIL corpus and another existing relation extraction corpus (DialogRE (CITATION)). The results demonstrate that extracting character relationships is more challenging in CRECIL than in DialogRE.
Wind flow modeling in urban areas through experimental and numerical techniques

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Frequency-response-controlled multiple-resonator-based harmonic analysis

This Letter proposes a modified method for the dynamic harmonic analysis of signals with non-stationary harmonics, which is based on the previously proposed multiple-resonator observer structure. An optimisation technique is applied to reshape frequency responses of the basic transfer functions. This method, by using a parallel structure with common feedback, is very robust and, in addition, allows a reduction of the computational burden. The proposed method has been investigated for up to 64 harmonics, using LabView software package, under different conditions, and confirmed to be valuable and efficient tool for signal components estimation.
Cube&Conquer-inspired Malleable Distributed SAT Solving

In order to make resource-e cient use of high-performance computing environments in the context of propositional satis ability (SAT) solving, recent work suggested to resolve multiple formulae at once within a decentralized framework for job scheduling. In order to address the issue of highly variable processing times that are unknown in advance, malleable SAT solving methods have emerged. Malleability denotes the ability of a computational task to vary its number of processing resources during execution. In this work we extend the eld of malleable SAT solving by introducing two new methods that are inspired by Cube&Conquer. This paradigm is based on using special lookahead heuristics in order to partition a SAT instance into sub-problems that can be solved simultaneously. Our rst method uses malleability to resource-e ciently create a static workload which is afterwards balanced across a exible number of processing elements. The second method is built around continuous work generation coupled with work stealing in order to exploit a uctuating amount of resources. To enable collaborative SAT solving of a dynamic workload, we present a new decentralized approach based on exchanging failed assumptions. In the evaluation, we inspect parameters and show that both methods can outperform a state-of-the-art sequential SAT solver. We also compare them to an existing malleable solving engine based on portfolios. All work was implemented within the recently published Mallob framework that manages the scheduling and load balancing of a uctuating number of malleable tasks within a distributed computing environment.
Comparison of the Applicability of CAPM and Fama-French Model in Different Regions

Asset pricing has always been a popular topic in economic research. The research on the relationship between risk and the stock expected return has attracted much attention, and many theoretical models have experienced evolution and upgrading. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), as a single factor model, mainly studies the relationship between the expected return of assets and risky assets in the securities market and evaluates how the equilibrium price is formed. It considers that the main factor affecting the stock return is a non-systematic risk. Afterward, Fama and French proposed the three-factor model. It believed that the coefficient β could not fully explain the differences in the returns of different stocks, and then added the scale factor and book to market ratio factor to improve the explanatory performance of the model. Therefore, the excess returns can be regarded as compensation for the risk factors not reflected by β in CAPM. Based on the application in different countries and regions, this paper compares the two models.
A Comparative Study on Microbiological and Chemical Characteristics of Small Ruminant Carcasses from Abattoirs in Greece

Meat quality dictates consumer preferences with hygiene forming a key component, especially in meat types with declining popularity, such as sheep and goat meat. Aiming to increase the marketability of sheep and goat meat, we examined 370 sheep and goat carcasses from two abattoirs in Greece. Tests included enumeration of the total mesophilic viable count, total psychrophilic viable count and coliform count, and detection of Salmonella spp. , Listeria monocytogenes and presumptive ESBL Escherichia coli. Moreover, designated samples of meat were used to measure pH, moisture, total fat and protein content. Goat carcasses had significantly higher microbial counts compared to sheep carcasses. Lamb and kid carcasses had larger TMVC, TPVC and coliform counts compared to carcasses from adult animals. One strain of L. monocytogenes (0.8%), typed as serovar 1/2a (3a), was isolated from one adult sheep carcass. Twelve strains of ESBL Escherichia coli (25%) were isolated; there were not any strains of Salmonella spp. The average values of pH, moisture, total fat and total protein were 5.83%, 67.76%, 7.21% and 21.31%, respectively, for sheep carcasses and 5.70%, 68.2%, 5.69% and 24.10%, respectively, for goat carcasses. The results showed a small deviation in assessed parameters, implying the uniformity of the conditions concerning rearing and slaughtering.
Use of Riluzole for the Treatment of Hereditary Ataxias: A Systematic Review

Ataxia is a constellation of symptoms that involves a lack of coordination, imbalance, and difficulty walking. Hereditary ataxia occurs when a person is born with defective genes, and this degenerative disorder may progress for several years. There is no effective cure for ataxia, so we need to search for new treatments. Recently, interest in riluzole in the treatment of ataxia has emerged. We conducted this systematic review to analyze the safety and efficacy of riluzole for treating hereditary ataxia in recent clinical trials. We conducted a systematic review using PubMed and Google Scholar as databases in search of this relationship. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) protocols to conduct this study. For inclusion criteria, we included full-text clinical trials on humans written in English and found three clinical trials. We excluded case reports, literature reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses for this analysis. We aimed to evaluate the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) score, the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) score, and the safety of the medication. Two out of the three clinical trials showed statistically significant clinical improvement in the ICARS and SARA scores, while the other trial did not show improvement in the clinical or radiological outcomes. The drug was safe in all clinical trials. Overall, the results of this analysis of riluzole for the treatment of hereditary ataxia are encouraging. Further clinical trials are needed to investigate the efficacy of riluzole on hereditary ataxia.
Impedance Shaping Effects and Stability Assessment of Circulating Current Control Schemes in Modular Multilevel Converters

Control of circulating current can help modular multilevel converters (MMCs) improve the internal performance, but only the conventional circulating current suppression control has been considered in impedance models to investigate MMC-grid interactions. In this paper, the sequence impedance responses of circulating current injection methods based on instantaneous information are modeled for stability analysis. Compared with circulating current control schemes based on predefined references, the circulating current injection methods based on instantaneous information introduce couplings among circulating current, output current and capacitor voltage control loops, which influence the MMC impedance in the low frequency range. This paper reveals that injection of second harmonics in the circulating current reduces the capacitor voltage ripples, but the system stability is compromised due to the couplings. The MMC stability boundaries for different circulating current controllers are defined with the help of sequence impedance model and Bode-plot-based analysis. The impedance model and stability assessment are validated by frequency scan results and case studies.
Effect of zinc-hydroxo species on the growth of one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures

One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures were grown on ZnO seed layer by hydrothermal method using zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as precursors. The concentrations of NaOH and Zn(NO3)2 were varied from 40 mM to 680 mM and kept constant, respectively. Effects of increasing the hydroxide ions on the concentration of zinc-hydroxo species in the solution were studied using thermodynamic simulation software. The simulated results showed that Zn(OH)2 and Zn(OH)3- concentrations tended to decrease but Zn(OH)42- was non-linearly increased when the concentration of NaOH at room temperature was increased. After the growth of ZnO, the samples were characterized by FESEM and UV-vis to investigate the morphology and transmittance spectra, respectively. The results showed that the rod density of ZnO nanostructures was decreased due to lower concentrations of Zn(OH)2 and Zn(OH)3- species affecting ZnO nucleation mode. On the other hand, Zn(OH)42- was competitively higher and involved in growing 1-D ZnO nanostructures on the nucleation layer resulting in larger diameter and longer length of nanostructures. For the UV-vis results, the % transmittance spectra in visible region of grown ZnO nanostructures with NaOH concentrations from 40 to 360 mM were more than 70% but too low transmittance for 520 mM.
Contactless four-terminal MEMS variable capacitor for capacitive adiabatic logic

This paper reports the design, energy recovery and logical functionality modeling of four-terminal microelectromechanical (MEMS) comb-drive devices for capacitive adiabatic logic (CAL). The proposed electromechanical element consists of the moving mass with two insulated electrodes and two fixed electrodes. The two pairs of fixed and moving electrodes form an input and an output comb-drive capacitive transducer. The voltage across the input port allows us to control the capacitance of the output port. The developed contactless four-terminal design is simulated in Coventor MEMS+ ® software. In order to speed up transient simulation of numerous devices in an electronic Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) simulator, the obtained electrical and mechanical characteristics are used to fit our Verilog-A analytical compact model. SPICE simulation results demonstrate CAL logical functionalities using a cascadable power clock scheme, i.e. logic state differentiation and cascadability. We also show that MEMS-based calculation is energy efficient: for example, in a chain of four buffers, 99.1% of the energy transferred to the device is recovered for later use when devices operate at 25 Hz. The non-recoverable energy is mainly dissipated by mechanical damping during the logic state transition from high to low level and can be removed by using retractable power clocks. For this mm-scale device the energy dissipated per operation is of the order of 1 pJ. This is still far from the energy dissipated by a nm-scale field-effect transistor (FET), which is of the order of tens of attojoules. However, for the contactless design constant electric field scaling is possible and the energy dissipation decreases proportionally to the cube of the size. Finally, the limitations of irreversible MEMS-based CAL are discussed.
A Novel Three-Way Gysel Power Divider/Combiner on Plane Structure

A modified three-way in-phase equal Gysel power divider/combiner (PDC) and a method for implementing this novel three-way Gysel PDC on plane structure are proposed in this article. To obtain accurate values of the line impedance, the derivation of the exact equations is based on even-odd mode analysis. An experimental prototype is realized. The results show that this three-way Gysel PDC has good matching, isolation and magnitude-phase balances with high power handling capabilities.
SpikeBASE: Spiking Neural Learning Algorithm With Backward Adaptation of Synaptic Efflux

Brain-inspired Spiking Neural Network (SNN) is opening new possibilities towards human-level intelligence, by leveraging its nature of spatiotemporal information encoding and processing that bring both learning effectiveness and energy efficiency. Although substantial advances in SNN studies have been made, highly effective SNN learning algorithms are still urged, driven by the challenges of coordinating spiking spatiotemporal dynamics. We therefore propose a novel algorithm, SpikeBASE, denoting Spiking learning with Backward Adaption of Synaptic Efflux, to globally, supervisedly, and comprehensively coordinate the synaptic dynamics including both synaptic strength and responses. SpikeBASE can learn synaptic strength by backpropagating the error through the predefined synaptic responses. More importantly, SpikeBASE enables synaptic response adaptation through backpropagation, to mimic the complex dynamics of neural transmissions. Further, SpikeBASE enables multi-scale temporal memory formation by supporting multi-synaptic response adaptation. We have evaluated the algorithm on a challenging scarce data learning task and shown highly promising performance. The proposed SpikeBASE algorithm, through comprehensively coordinating the learning of synaptic strength, synaptic responses, and multi-scale temporal memory formation, has demonstrated its effectiveness on end-to-end SNN training. This study is expected to greatly advance the learning effectiveness of SNN and thus broadly benefit smart and efficient big data applications.
Rolling bearing fault diagnosis by Markov transition field and multi-dimension convolutional neural network

Safe and reliable operation of mechanical equipment depends on timely and accurate fault diagnosis. When the actual working conditions are complex and variable and the available sample data set is small, recognition accuracy of the rolling bearing fault diagnosis model is low. To solve this problem, a novel method based on Markov transition field (MTF) and multi-dimension convolutional neural network (MDCNN) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the original vibration signals are converted into two-dimensional images containing temporal correlation by MTF. Then, a neural network model is constructed by using multi-dimension attention and E-rectified linear units (E-Relu) activation function to fully extract fault feature information. Finally, the MTF images are input into the model and the data is normalized using the group normalization method. The MDCNN model is validated on two different data sets, and the results show that compared with other intelligent fault diagnosis methods, the MDCNN has higher fault diagnosis accuracy and stronger robustness under both variable working conditions and small sample data sets conditions.
Reconfigurable Design of mmWave Liquid-Crystal Frequency Selective Surface at Ka-Band

A reconfigurable design of frequency selective surface (FSS) using nematic liquid crystal (LC) materials is reported. The proposed LC-FSS resonates at Ka-band frequencies to provide a bandpass nature. The frequency selection was achieved by altering the dielectric anisotropy of LC materials. This study used a low-cost Merck-E7 LC material with dielectric tunability of nearly 0.45 to study the resonance characteristics. Full-wave simulations have achieved a frequency tunability range of 5.06%. An LC-FSS prototype of 7 cm × 7 cm in size was fabricated for experimental evaluation, consisting of 25 × 25 unit cells. The measurement results show that a maximum frequency tunability close to 4.8% has been achieved for a normally incident illumination of electromagnetic waves. Moreover, the maximum frequency deviations were only 4.73% and 4.94% with/without a bias voltage to shift the center frequency. These experimental results have precisely verified the numerical simulations despite the frequency deviations resulting from the fabrication tolerances.
Correlation between Ride Comfort Index and Sperling's Index for Evaluation Ride Comfort in Railway Vehicles

Ride comfort is a reference point in evaluating the dynamic performance in railway vehicles. There are more methods to assess the ride comfort, depending on the traffic details and the specific needs of a railway administration. This paper focuses on the comfort index methods, in accordance with UIC Leaflet 513 R and the standard of railway applications ENV 12299, and the ride Sperling’s method, formulated by Sperling. A correlation is drawn between the comfort indices corresponding to the two methods, based on the link between the comfort and the values of these indices. The comfort indices derived from the two methods by numerical simulations help with validating the fact that, in general, the velocity influences the vertical ride comfort, and, in particular, the position of the carbody critical points, from the perspective of the ride comfort.
Mechanisms of Systemic Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease, is characterized by the presence of symmetric polyarthritis predominantly of the small joints that leads to severe cartilage and bone destruction. Based on animal and human data, the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, a frequent comorbidity in conjunction with RA, was delineated. Autoimmune inflammatory processes, which lead to a systemic upregulation of inflammatory and osteoclastogenic cytokines, the production of autoantibodies, and Th cell senescence with a presumed disability to control the systemic immune system’s and osteoclastogenic status, may play important roles in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis in RA. Consequently, osteoclast activity increases, osteoblast function decreases and bone metabolic and mechanical properties deteriorate. Although a number of disease-modifying drugs to treat joint inflammation are available, data on the ability of these drugs to prevent fragility fractures are limited. Thus, specific treatment of osteoporosis should be considered in patients with RA and an associated increased risk of fragility fractures.
Long-Term Prognosis after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: The Impact of Arterial Stiffness and Multifocal Atherosclerosis

The aim of the study was to study the effect of arterial stiffness and multifocal atherosclerosis on the 10-year prognosis of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods. Patients with coronary artery disease (n = 274) who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), in whom cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was assessed using the VaSera VS-1000 device and the presence of peripheral atherosclerosis in Doppler ultrasound. Groups were distinguished with normal CAVI (<9.0, n = 163) and pathological CAVI (≥9.0, n = 111). To assess the prognosis, coronary and non-coronary death, myocardial infarction, acute cerebrovascular accident/transient ischemic attack, repeated CABG, percutaneous coronary intervention, carotid endarterectomy, peripheral arterial surgery, pacemaker implantation were analyzed. Results. During the observation period, mortality was 27.7%. A fatal outcome from all causes was in 37 (22.7%) patients in the group with normal CAVI and in 39 (35.14%) in the group with pathological CAVI (p = 0.023). Death from cardiac causes was more common in the group with CAVI ≥ 9.0—in 25 cases (22.52%) than in the group with CAVI < 9.0—in 19 (11.6%, p = 0.016). The combined endpoint in patients with pathological CAVI was detected in 66 (59.46%) cases, with normal CAVI values—in 76 (46.63%) cases (p = 0.03). The presence of diabetes mellitus, multifocal atherosclerosis (p = 0.004), pathological CAVI (p = 0.063), and male gender were independent predictors of death at 10-year follow-up after CABG. The presence of multifocal atherosclerosis and pathological CAVI during the preoperative examination of patients were independent predictors of the combined endpoint development. Findings. Patients with coronary artery disease with pathological CAVI before CABG were more likely to experience adverse events and death in the long-term follow-up than patients with normal CAVI. Further studies are needed to investigate the possibility of correcting pathological CAVI after CABG after secondary prevention and the possible impact of this correction on prognosis.