Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A rainfall prediction model using artificial neural network

The multilayered artificial neural network with learning by back-propagation algorithm configuration is the most common in use, due to of its ease in training. It is estimated that over 80% of all the neural network projects in development use back-propagation. In back-propagation algorithm, there are two phases in its learning cycle, one to propagate the input patterns through the network and other to adapt the output by changing the weights in the network. The back-propagation-feed forward neural network can be used in many applications such as character recognition, weather and financial prediction, face detection etc. The paper implements one of these applications by building training and testing data sets and finding the number of hidden neurons in these layers for the best performance. In the present research, possibility of predicting average rainfall over Udupi district of Karnataka has been analyzed through artificial neural network models. In formulating artificial neural network based predictive models three layered network has been constructed. The models under study are different in the number of hidden neurons.
Donepezil for dementia in Parkinson’s disease: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study

Objective: To study the safety and efficacy of a cholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil hydrochloride, for the treatment of dementia in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: This was a randomised double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study in 22 subjects with PD and dementia. Participants were randomised to receive either donepezil followed by identical placebo, or placebo followed by donepezil. Donepezil was administered at 5–10 mg/day. Treatment periods were 10 weeks with a washout period of 6 weeks between the two periods. The primary outcome measure was the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale (ADAScog). Results: Donepezil was well tolerated and most adverse events were mild. There was no worsening of PD symptoms as measured by the total or motor sections of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. There was a 1.9 point trend toward better scores on the ADAScog on treatment compared with placebo that was not statistically significant. The secondary cognitive measures showed a statistically significant 2 point benefit on the Mini Mental Status Examination and no change on the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS). The Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI) showed a significant 0.37 point improvement on donepezil. No improvement was observed on the MDRS or the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Carryover between treatment periods was observed but was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Donepezil was well tolerated and did not worsen PD. There may be a modest benefit on aspects of cognitive function. The possible clinical benefit measured by CGI was reflected in only one of the cognitive scales used in this study.
Object lifecycles: modeling the world in states

1. The World of Systems Analysis. 2. The Object-Oriented World. 3. A Review of Information Modeling. 4. Object Lifecycles. 5. Coordinated Lifecycles. 6. Object Processes. 7. Managing the Work. 8. External Specification. 9. Work Products of Object-Oriented Analysis. 10. Using Object-Oriented Analysis with 2167A.
Escherichia coli mutants with a temperature-sensitive alcohol dehydrogenase

Mutants of Escherichia coli resistant to allyl alcohol were selected. Such mutants were found to lack alcohol dehydrogenase. In addition, mutants with temperature-sensitive alcohol dehydrogenase activity were obtained. These mutations, designated adhE, are all located at the previously described adh regulatory locus. Most adhE mutants were also defective in acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity.
Equatorial Atlantic interannual variability: Role of heat content

[1] The dynamics of the equatorial Atlantic zonal mode are studied using observed sea surface height (SSH), sea surface temperature (SST), and heat flux and reanalysis wind stress and upper ocean temperature. Principal oscillation pattern (POP) analysis shows that the zonal mode is an oscillatory normal mode of the observed coupled system, obeying the delayed action/recharge oscillator paradigm for El Nino Southern Oscillation. Variations in equatorial averaged SSH, a proxy for upper ocean heat content, precede SST anomalies in the cold tongue by 4–5 months, about a quarter of the POP period. Positive subsurface temperature anomalies appear in the west, as a delayed response to the preceding cold event. These propagate eastward, where due to the shallow thermocline they can influence SST, leading to the next warm event. Although SST variations exhibit weak westward propagation during some zonal mode events, POP analysis indicates that to first order there is no zonal propagation in SST. Net surface heat flux anomalies generally act to damp SST anomalies. The zonal mode explains a large amount (70%) of SST variability in the east and a significant fraction (19%) of equatorial variability. Thus, the predictability potential in the equatorial Atlantic on seasonal time scales may be considerably higher than currently thought.
Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy for disabling pain due to severe primary knee osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) for disabling pain due to primary knee osteoarthritis. DESIGN Randomized, placebo-controlled trial (level of evidence, 1). SUBJECTS A total of 105 women with disabling pain due to primary knee osteoarthritis lasting for a mean of 103 months (range 3-480 months). METHODS Patients received either rESWT (3 sessions, each one week apart, 2,000 rESWT impulses per session, positive energy flux density 0.10-0.16 mJ/mm2) or placebo treatment. Primary outcome measure was pain on movement 3 months after the final treatment session. Secondary outcomes were pain, stiffness and limitations in physical function on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) Index and the level of tolerance to pressure over muscles, tendons, ligaments and skin at both the treated and the untreated side at 1 week and 3 months follow-up examinations. RESULTS Compared with placebo treatment, rESWT led to a statistically significant improvement only in mean WOMAC scores for pain and a few of the pressure measurements. CONCLUSION rESWT, as performed in the present study, is not efficient for treating patients with disabling pain due to primary knee osteoarthritis. Published data indicate that substantially higher energy flux densities are necessary for treatment success in this condition.
Autosomal dominant gigantiform cementoma associated with bone fractures

Here, we report a family with gigantiform cementomas, bone fractures, and autosomal dominant inheritance. Lesions are composed of benign, lobulated, calcified masses resembling cementum. Identification of a COL1A2 mutation in one patient was a polymorphism of no pathological significance. The subject of gigantiform cementomas and the associated bone disorder is both confusing and complex. Reported familial instances indicate genetic heterogeneity with (1) osteopenia and bone fractures, (2) one form of osteogenesis imperfecta, and (3) a polyostotic diaphyseal bone disorder. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brain (PET) Responses to Vaginal-Cervical Self-Stimulation in Women with Complete Spinal Cord Injury: Preliminary Findings

Our resent research provides evidence that women with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) at the midthoracic level show perceptual responses to vaginal and/or cervical self-stimulation (for example, pain suppression and sexual response, including orgasm). On the basis of studies in laboratory rats, we hypothesized that the vagus nerves provide a sensory pathway from the vagina, cervix, and uterus directly to the brain in women. To test this hypothesis, we performed a PET-MRI study on two women with complete SCI and 1 woman with no injuries. Whereas control foot stimulation of the women with SCI did not activate the somatosensory thalamus, cervical self-stimulation increased activity in the region of the nucleus of the solitary tract, which is the brainstem nucleus to which the vagus nerves project. These preliminary findings suggest that the vagus nerves can convey genital sensory input directly to the brain in women, completely bypassing SCI at any level.
Host-specific alterations in viral RNA accumulation and infection spread in a brome mosaic virus isolate with an expanded host range

To facilitate studies of virus-host interaction and the determinants of viral host range, we constructed full-length cDNA clones to all three genomic RNAs of an unusual brome mosaic virus (BMV) isolate with an expanded host range. While other BMV strains, including the previously cloned M1 strain, systemically infect barley and other grasses but not legumes, the expanded-host-range isolate and the set of transcripts from its cDNA clones, designated the M2 strain of BMV, systemically infect both barley and cowpea line TVu-612, a legume. All reassorted combinations of M1 and M2 genomic RNAs were equally competent for replication in barley protoplasts and systemic infection of barley plants but showed widely varying levels of viral RNA accumulation in cowpea protoplasts and systemic infection in TVu-612 cowpea plants. Systemic infection levels were influenced by all three genomic RNAs. M2 RNA2 and M2 RNA3 made independent and additive contributions to the frequency with which reassortants infected TVu-612 systemically. The greater individual effect segregated with M2 RNA3, which encodes functions required for infection spread (the 3a movement protein and coat protein). M2 RNA3 also directed accelerated expansion of BMV lesions in inoculated TVu-612 leaves. If the inoculum contained M2 RNA3, the frequency with which reassortants infected TVu-612 systemically could be further enhanced by the presence of M2 RNA1 rather than M1 RNA1. RNA1 encodes the 1a RNA replication protein, and despite similar accumulation in barley protoplasts, in cowpea protoplasts all reassortants bearing M2 RNA1 accumulated positive- and negative-strand RNAs to levels at least six- to eightfold higher than reassortants bearing M1 RNA1. Overall, the results indicate that changes in several distinct virus functions contribute to adapting BMV-M2 to systemically infect TVu-612 cowpea.
An Integrated Framework for Conducting and Assessing Interpretive Information Systems ( IS ) Research

Though the number of interpretive research in information systems (IS) has increased substantially in recent years, the development and proliferation of methodology guiding such research is relatively minimal. The IS research methodology in interpretive research is still not institutionalized. This lack of common standards poses problems both for IS researchers using the interpretive paradigm and readers of such research articles. Drawing from the two major methodological developments in the area: seven principles for conducting interpretive IS field studies (Klein and Myers, 1999) and the three criteria for assessing ethnographic research (Golden-Biddle and Locke, 1993), we examine the linkage between the two methodological lenses and propose an integrated framework for conducting and assessing interpretive IS research.
Polymorphic Higher-Order Programming in Prolog

Pure logic programming lacks some features known from other modern programming languages, e.g., type systems for detection of particular programming errors at compile time and higher-order facilities for treating programs as data objects and writing more compact programs. On the one hand there are several proposals for polymorphic type systems for logic programming, and on the other hand Warren [35] has shown that higher-order programming can be simulated in ﬁrst-order logic. But the integration of these proposals fails because Warren’s ﬁrst-order programs are ill-typed in the sense of the polymorphic type systems. This paper presents a polymorphic type system for logic programming which allows the application of higher-order programming techniques. For Prolog-like applications of higher-order programming techniques it is possible to compute optimizations by abstract interpretation so that the polymorphic logic programs have the same operational eﬃciency as untyped Prolog programs.
Traffic-Driven Implicit Buffer Management - Delay Differentiation without Traffic Contracts

Different network applications have different service preferences regarding packet delay and buffering. Delay management requires scheduling support at routers, which traditionally also requires some form of traffic specification and admission control. In contrast, this paper studies the problem of guaranteeing queueing delay bounds for multiple service classes without traffic contracts and without affecting the throughput rate for each class. A solution to this problem is given by decoupling throughput and delay management via traffic-driven implicit buffer management. Using this concept, the Delay Segment FIFO (DSF) packet scheduler guarantees differentiated delay targets in the presence of unregulated throughput rates. This decoupling represents a modular approach and DSF embodies a small and self-contained feature set. Furthermore, DSF's service model satisfies even a strict interpretation of network neutrality, while effectively guaranteeing delay targets for multiple service classes. DSF's design and service characteristics are analyzed mathematically and validated through simulations.
Health inequalities with the National Statistics-Socioeconomic classification: disease risk factors and health in the 1958 British birth cohort.

BACKGROUND Health inequalities using the new National Statistics socioeconomic classification (NS-SEC) have so far been assessed using only general measures of health, with little known about inequality for specific health outcomes. Preliminary analyses show that self-employed workers, distinguished for the first time by NS-SEC, show increased mortality risk in the last 5 years of working life. We examined health inequalities for multiple disease risk factors and health outcomes, with particular reference to cardiorespiratory risk in the self-employed. METHODS 8952 participants in the 1958 British birth cohort with information on adult occupation and disease risk factors at 45 years. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, glycosylated haemoglobin, total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), von Willebrand factor, total immunoglobulin E (IgE), one-second forced expiratory volume, 4 kHz hearing threshold, visual impairment, depressive symptoms, anxiety, chronic widespread pain and self-rated health were measured. RESULTS Routine workers had poorer health than professional workers for most outcomes examined, except HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, t-PA and IgE in men; total cholesterol and IgE in women. Patterns of inequality varied depending on the outcome but rarely showed linear trend across the classes. Relative to professionals, own account workers (self-employed) did not show consistently increased levels of cardiorespiratory risk markers. CONCLUSIONS Health inequalities are seen with NS-SEC across diverse outcomes for men and women. In mid-life, self-employed workers do not have an adverse cardiorespiratory risk profile.
Identification of the Precise Kairomone-sensitive Period and Histological Characterization of Necktooth Formation in Predator-induced Polyphenism in Daphnia pulex

Many organisms have the ability to alter their development in the presence of predators, leading to predator-induced defenses that reduce vulnerability to predation. In the water flea Daphnia pulex, small protuberances called ‘neckteeth’ form in the dorsal neck region in response to kairomone(s) released by predatory phantom midges (Chaoborus larvae). Although previous studies suggested that kairomone sensitivity begins when chemoreceptors begin to function during embryogenesis, the exact critical period was unknown to date. In this study, we investigated the period of kairomone sensitivity and the process of necktooth formation in D. pulex through extensive treatments with pulses of kairomone(s). First, we described the time course of embryogenesis, which we suggest should be used as the standard in future studies. We found the kairomone-sensitive period to be relatively short, extending from embryonic stage 4 to postembryonic first instar. We observed cell proliferation and changes in cell structure in response to the kairomone treatment, and propose a model for necktooth formation. Preliminary LiCl treatment suggests the Wnt signaling pathway involved in crest formation as a candidate for the molecular mechanism underlying this process. Our study provides basic insight toward understanding the mechanisms underlying adaptive polyphenism in D. pulex.
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Information Retrieval Systems

My primary research interest revolves around developing better information retrieval systems. I address this goal from three broad perspectives. First, I study techniques for enhancing the effectiveness of Information Retrieval (IR) systems leveraging machine learning algorithms. Second, I investigate methods for improving the efficacy of IR evaluation using statistical methods. Third, I make use of the abundant availability of “Big Data” to increase the range of information needs that can be addressed and to generate several types of useful insights. I find my passion in introducing new research problems. I then address these novel problems with classic solutions where possible, or I propose novel solutions (see Table 1).
Issues With the Diagnosis and Classification of Hyperglycemia in Early Pregnancy

In 2010, the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) panel published consensus-based recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy (1). Within that document, the recommendations regarding early pregnancy testing were designed to facilitate early detection and treatment of hyperglycemia (HbA1c ≥6.5% [48 mmol/mol], fasting venous plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L, random plasma glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L with confirmation) that, outside pregnancy, would be classified as diabetes. The term “overt diabetes” was suggested to describe these women. Subsequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted the IADPSG criteria with some modifications and promoted the use of the term “diabetes in pregnancy” (2) for this group. Cognizant that milder degrees of hyperglycemia would also be detected by early pregnancy testing, the IADPSG also recommended that fasting …
Screening for Traumatic Brain Injury in Troops Returning From Deployment in Afghanistan and Iraq: Initial Investigation of the Usefulness of a Short Screening Tool for Traumatic Brain Injury

ObjectivePreliminary assessment of a new instrument, the Brief Traumatic Brain Injury Screen (BTBIS). DesignCross-sectional study of 596 soldiers returning from Iraq and/or Afghanistan, comparing the consistency of their reports of traumatic brain injury (TBI) across instruments with similar TBI questions, and in a brief follow-up interview. SettingMilitary base. MeasuresSelf-reported probable TBI on the BTBIS and on 2 longer questionnaires, and a brief follow-up interview. ResultsSelf-reports of probable TBI were higher on the BTBIS, than on the longer instruments. Participants who screened positive on the BTBIS generally provided consistent information about probable TBI in the follow-up interview. ConclusionsIn this initial study, the BTBIS demonstrated promise as part of a triage process in mass casualty situations, permitting individuals with probable TBI to self-report injury and continued symptoms. Further study, including full validation and reliability assessment, is warranted and required before these screening tools can be fully evaluated.
The Arctic DP Research Project: Effective Stationkeeping in Ice

Stress on the environment from a potentially growing energy use is set to rise. Without doubt the energy resources in Arctic regions will be developed. An important goal will be to exploit the resources offered by for instance the Barents Sea as a new European energy province, and to do this in accordance with the principles of sustainable development that have successfully been used e.g. in the North Sea. The special edition of MIC on Arctic DP presents a set of articles that summarize to an extent the activities of the research project “Arctic DP: Safe and green dynamic positioning operations of offshore vessels in an Arctic environment”. This project was awarded in 2010 by the Research Council of Norway (RCN) as a competence-building project (KMB project) to NTNU and its partners Kongsberg Maritime, DNV GL, and Statoil. The objective was to target some of the challenges related to safe Arctic offshore operations by dynamic positioning. In this first article of the Arctic DP special edition we discuss the background for and establishment of the project, its planning and execution, and project closure. An overview is given for the scientific and engineering research performed in the project, with an account of what we have considered as Effective stationkeeping in ice by dynamic positioning. The corresponding research activities conducted under this main theme is summarized.
Design of a wideband circularly polarized 2 × 2 array with shorted annular patches at X-band on a CubeSat

The design of a single layer wideband circularly polarized 2 × 2 microstrip array at X-band frequencies is described. The antenna elements are shorted annular patches and the array is driven with a sequential-phase feeding network. The array is modelled on a 1U CubeSat. The performance of the array is compared to a single element microstrip antenna.
Semantic processing performance of Internet machine translation systems

The Internet has the potential to facilitate understanding across cultures and languages by removing the physical barriers to intercultural communication. One possible contributor to this development has been the recent release of freely‐available automated direct machine translation systems, such as AltaVista with SYSTRAN, which translates from English to five other European languages (French, German, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese), and vice versa. However, concerns have recently been raised over the performance of these systems, and the potential for confusion that can be created when the intended meaning of sentences is not correctly translated (i.e. semantic processing errors). In this paper, we use an iterative paradigm to examine errors associated with interlingual divergence in meaning arising from the automated machine translation of English proverbs. The need for the development of Web‐based translation systems, which have an explicit cross‐linguistic representation of meaning for successful intercultural communication, is discussed.
Organic reactions in aqueous media with a focus on carbon-carbon bond formations: a decade update.

4.2. 8. Reductive Coupling 3109 5. Reaction of Aromatic Compounds 3110 5.1. Electrophilic Substitutions 3110 5.2. Radical Substitution 3111 5.3. Oxidative Coupling 3111 5.4. Photochemical Reactions 3111 6. Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds 3111 6.1. Nucleophilic Additions 3111 6.1. 1. Allylation 3111 6.1. 2. Propargylation 3120 6.1. 3. Benzylation 3121 6.1. 4. Arylation/Vinylation 3121 6.1. 5. Alkynylation 3121 6.1. 6. Alkylation 3121 6.1. 7. Reformatsky-Type Reaction 3122 6.1. 8. Direct Aldol Reaction 3122 6.1. 9. Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction 3124 6.1. 10. Hydrogen Cyanide Addition 3125 6.2. Pinacol Coupling 3126 6.3. Wittig Reactions 3126 7. Reaction of R,â-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds 3127