Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Trait Loci and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

al., 2002). The frequency of deleterious genes for skeletal traits such as those for tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) have also increased in broiler populations and specific selection pressure to reduce their prevalence has been required (Nicholson, 1998). Pattison (1993) reported that selection against TD, valgus-varus deformity, twisted leg and spondylolisthesis in broilers has successfully reduced the incidence of these diseases. Selection against these conditions is largely based on subjective assessment and skeletal weakness and disease persist in commercial broiler flocks. Indirect selection for genes that act favourably to improve skeletal traits via Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) would make the goal of eliminating skeletal disease achievable. An F 2 cross between two divergent lines creates a population that maximises the opportunity of obtaining markertrait associations and dramatic morphological differences between broiler and layer lines should maximise the number of segregating alleles of large effect in the F 2 population. Using statistical techniques and genetic markers of known Abstract. An F 2 broiler–layer cross was phenotyped for 18 skeletal traits at 6, 7 and 9 weeks of age and genotyped with 120 microsatellite markers. Interval mapping identified 61 suggestive and significant QTL on 16 of the 25 linkage groups for 16 traits. Thirty-six additional QTL were identified when the assumption that QTL were fixed in the grandparent lines was relaxed. QTL with large effects on the lengths of the tarsometatarsus, tibia and femur, and the weights of the tibia and femur were identified on GGA4 between 217 and 249 cM. Six QTL for skeletal traits were identified that did not co-locate with genome wide significant
Part I. Immunopathology

A central aspect of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pathogenesis is the interaction of the virus with different antigen-presenting cell (APC) types of the host. In principle, a number of various cell types have the potential of antigen presentation when MHC II expression is induced by appropriate stimuli. The most potent antigen presenters are monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), therefore called professional APCs. Interestingly, these cells seem to be targets of productive HCMV infection. The susceptibility of the monocyte/macrophage system has been analyzed intensively during the past decade. Investigation of the role of DCs during HCMV infection, however, has begun only recently. Copyright © 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel Introduction Macrophages in organ tissue are terminally differentiated immune effector cells derived from monocyte precursors in the peripheral blood. While these precursor monocytes do not support the complete replication cycle of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), the process of differentiation into macrophages during transmigration from the blood stream into tissues obviously induces a state of cellular permissiveness for productive HCMV infection in vitro [Fish et al., 1996; Söderberg-Nauclèr et al., 1998]. Thus, in vivo infection has previously been demonstrated in tissues [Sinzger et al., 1996]. The first publication about skin dendritic cells (DCs) appeared in 1868 and was entitled: ‘Über die Nerven der menschlichen Haut’ [Langerhans, 1868]. The interpretation of DCs as ‘skin nerve cells’ was followed by long-term speculation on their biological function. 106 years later, Steinman and Cohn discovered the lymphoid DCs in the mouse and pioneered the area of tissue-derived DCs as potent stimulators of immune responses [Steinman et al., 1974; Inaba et al., 1984]. Later on, a number of publications stated that DCs were also found in nonlymphoid tissues of rodents and humans [Hart and Fabre, 1981; Daar et al., 1983]. The DCs were also considered to play a major role in transplantation medicine [McKenzie et al.,
Particle Wall Loss Rates in Vessels

Aerosol particle wall loss rates were determined experimentally in a spherical continuous stirred tank reactor. Tbe particle size and mixing rate dependences are shown to agree with β=12k_eD/Rπvʃ^nv/2√k_2D_0 te^t/e^t-1dt+v/4R3 the theoretical result of Crump and Seinfeld, in which the particle loss coefficient β is related to particle diffusivity D, particle settling velocity r, the coefficient of the eddy diffusivity k_e, and vessel radius R. For the vessel used in these experiments, k_e was found to be proportional to the 3/2 power of the volumetric now rate, in accordance with theoretical expectations. Results of a similar nature may be expected to hold in vessels of arbitrary shape.
Hyper-parallel tempering Monte Carlo: Application to the Lennard-Jones fluid and the restricted primitive model

A new generalized hyper-parallel tempering Monte Carlo simulation method is presented. The method is particularly useful for simulation of many-molecule complex systems, where rough energy landscapes and inherently long characteristic relaxation times can pose formidable obstacles to effective sampling of relevant regions of configuration space. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method by implementing it in a grand canonical ensemble for the Lennard-Jones fluid and the restricted primitive model. Coexistence curves and critical behavior have been explored by the new method. Our numerical results indicate that the new algorithm can be orders of magnitude more efficient than previously available techniques.
Long Term Pilot Plant Experience on Aromatics Extraction with Ionic Liquids

Since 2004, we have been conducting pilot plant trials with various contactors and different ionic liquids for petrochemical model feeds as well as real refinery feeds. Our pilot plant contains a Rotating Disc Contactor with a height of 6 m and a diameter of 60 mm. Up to 100 kg of ionic liquid and 200 L of feed are applied in experiments. In this paper, the hydrodynamic and mass transfer performance of a rotating disc contactor has been characterized for toluene/n-heptane, a model FCC feed and a real LCCS refinery feed using 3-methyl-N-butyl-pyridinum dicyanamide ([3-mebupy]N(CN)2) as the ionic liquid. Experiments with the real LCCS feed demonstrated comparable extraction performance to the model FCC feed. Over the past 5 years, the same batches of the ionic liquid have been repeatedly regenerated by evaporation and reused. Our studies revealed that, although coloration occurs, the extraction performance of the ionic liquids has not changed even after several years of usage. After the real LCCS refinery feed experiments, validation with the toluene/n-heptane model feed confirmed unchanged extraction performance. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Separation Science and Technology to view the free supplemental file.
Financial Incentives and Healthcare Provision: Evidence from an Experimental Aedes aegypti Control Programme in Brazil

Background. Mosquito control is the most effective means of reducing A. aegypti infections worldwide. In many developing countries, however, vector management programmes fail to reach their goals due to low worker productivity. Research suggests that financial incentives may increase the productivity of health personnel, yet there is little evidence about the impact of monetary rewards on A. aegypti-reduction strategies. We evaluated whether individual and collective financial incentives improve the performance of healthcare workers fighting A. aegypti, as well as their effect on city-level numbers of dengue hospitalisations. Methodology/Principal findings. We hired and trained subjects to visit households, find A. aegypti breeding sites, and eliminate mosquito larvae in the city of Rio Verde, Brazil. We randomly assigned workers into three groups. The control group received a flat compensation for their tasks, while workers in the two treatment groups received individual and collective monetary bonuses, respectively. Financial rewards increased the number of cleaned breeding sites in both treatment groups (individual and team bonuses) and the collective treatment also improved larvae extermination. The intervention lowered dengue hospitalisations in 10.3%, but the result was not consistent across all model specifications. Conclusions/Significance. A. aegypti control programmes may benefit from alternative compensation schemes, specially when provided to teams. For this strategy to succeed, financial incentives have to be distributed widely as their aggregate effect is limited. More research is needed to assess whether higher worker productivity decreases dengue hospitalisations. Keywords: Aedes aegypti, dengue, financial incentives, mosquito control, preventive healthcare, randomised field experiment, worker productivity
Effects of compost on the chemical composition of SOM in density and aggregate fractions from rice–wheat cropping systems as shown by solid‐state 13C‐NMR spectroscopy

The 4-year application of pig-manure compost (PMC) to crop fields in Jiangsu significantly increased organic-C and total N concentrations compared to chemical fertilization and control treatment. To identify the soil processes that led to these changes, 13C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear-magnetic resonance (13C CPMAS NMR) and dipolar-dephasing nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy (DD NMR) were conducted on soil organic matter (SOM) fractions separated by wet-sieving and density fractionation procedures. This allowed characterization of the SOM quality under three contrasting fertilizer regimes. The results indicate that PMC application can alter the distribution of functional groups and improve alkyl C-to-O-alkyl C ratios compared to chemical-fertilizer treatment (CF). Alkyl C contents were increased from macroaggregate fractions (> 2 mm) to microaggregate fractions (0.05–0.25 mm) for all treatments, suggesting that recalcitrant material accumulates in the microaggregate fractions. The O-alkyl C contents were decreased from macroaggregate fractions (> 2 mm) to microaggregate fractions (0.05–0.25 mm) under CF and PMC treatments, while no consistent trend was found for the control (NF) treatment. The alkyl C-to-O-alkyl C ratios in macroaggregates were lower than those in microaggregates, indicating that the degrees of SOM decomposition were lower in macroaggregates compared to microaggregates. In all aggregate-size classes, the amount of organic matter appeared to depend on the fertilization regime. This study provides useful information regarding the buildup of organic material in soil from long-term manure-compost enrichment.
Synthesis and Survey Magnetic Properties of Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Coated With Different Surfactant

Fe2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized using a modified coprecipitation technique. For the optimal results, Ferric chloride was added to different surfactant with different ratio of metal ions/surfactant. Surfactants were employed with various charge such as anionic cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), cationic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and neutral TritonX-100. The size and crystalline structure of these nanoparticles were controlled by changing the surfactant and ratio of metal ions/surfactant. Anionic stabilizer leads to smallest size and narrowest size distribution and the most crystalline. The samples were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer.
The microbiological quality of street foods in Jakarta as compared to home-prepared foods and foods from tourist hotels

Street foods are ready-to-eat foods which are important for the diet of especially poor people in developing countries. However, street foods are often suspected of being contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. The quality of street foods was compared with similar home-prepared foods and foods obtained from tourist hotels. Samples of three types of Indonesian dishes were analyzed for indicator organisms using dry hydratable film. Additional western meals were also obtained from the hotels. Background information was obtained from the food preparers by using a questionnaire. The microbial quality of nasi goreng (fried rice) and sate ayam (grilled chicken with peanut sauce) was usually acceptable: numbers of total coliform were low and often no Escherichia coli was found. Gado gado (a dish mainly consisting of vegetables, peanut sauce and bean curd) had higher contamination levels. The gado gado obtained from street food vendors had especially high counts of total coliform and Escherichia coli with median co.
ExPheWas: a browser for gene-based pheWAS associations

Motivation The relationship between protein coding genes and phenotypes has the potential to inform on the underlying molecular function in disease etiology. We conducted a phenome-wide association study (pheWAS) of protein coding genes using a principal components analysis-based approach in the UK Biobank. Results We tested the association between 19,114 protein coding gene regions and 1,210 phenotypes including anthropometric measurements, laboratory biomarkers, cancer registry data, hospitalization and death record codes and algorithmically-defined cardiovascular outcomes. We report the pheWAS results in a user-friendly web-browser. Taking atrial fibrillation, a common cardiac arrhythmia, as an example, ExPheWas identified genes that are known drug targets for the treatment of arrhythmias and genes involved in biological processes implicated in cardiac muscle function. We identified MYOT as a possible atrial fibrillation gene. Availability and implementation The ExPheWas web-browser and API are available at http://exphewas.statgen. org/ Contact Marie-Pierre.Dube@mhi-rc.org
Updated occurrence data and species distribution modeling of the invasive amphipod Apocorophium lacustre in North America

Freshwater ecosystems in North America have been greatly affected by invasive species, including invasive amphipods, which has motivated the development of predictive models to inform where invaders are likely to establish. Here, we provide the first predictive model using freshwater-specific habitat layers for the non-native amphipod Apocorophium lacustre (Vanhoffen, 1911) in the Mississippi, Laurentian Great Lakes, and Upper Saint Lawrence river basins, USA, and evaluate its current distribution in the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS), Illinois, USA. In the summers of 2017, 2018, and 2019, we sampled for A. lacustre at 45 sites in the CAWS. Next, we used boosted regression trees to develop an ensembled species distribution model combining A. lacustre occurrence data with the EarthEnv GIS layers to model habitats suitable for this species. We did not find A. lacustre at any of our sampling sites in the CAWS in 2017 nor 2018, but we did find the species at 7 sites in 2019. Our ensemble species distribution model evaluated habitat associations and predicted the potential distribution of A. lacustre with an average area-under-the-curve value of 0.996 and an average true skills statistic of 0.956. The model predicts that A. lacustre could establish throughout much of the Mississsippi River basin and in the Upper Saint Lawrence River basin. These predictions of habitat suitability for A. lacustre can guide management efforts by facilitating monitoring and early detection to prevent further spread and establishment of this species.
Taxon-specific photosynthetic responses of attached algal assemblages to experimental translocation between river habitats

Attached algal and cyanobacterial taxa differ in their ability to exploit and tolerate the diversity of flow, irradiance, and temperature regimes typical of a heterogeneous riverscape. Understanding the drivers of the small-scale variation in algal taxonomic composition helps us predict the riverscape-scale effects of altered flow regimes, but microhabitat-scale variation in algal taxonomy complicates the interpretation of ecosystem-scale estimates of biomass or primary production. Using pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry, we performed 2 manipulative field experiments (in 2014 and 2015) to measure photosynthetic responses of algae and cyanobacteria to depth, temperature, and flow modifications. In 2014, we exposed 6 attached algal assemblages common to the South Fork Eel River (California, USA) to a 24-h incubation on either the river bottom (20 cm deep) or floating at the water surface. In 2015, we incubated 3 algal assemblages for 1 wk in either the thalweg or at the river’s edge. For PAM measurements, we developed a novel method (Photosynthesis–Irradiance Periphyton Experimental System [PIPES]) for manipulating attached filamentous algae, a morphology common in aquatic habitats but underrepresented in photosynthesis experiments. To make the PIPES, we sandwiched thin (<1 mm) layers of filamentous attached algae between 2 layers of mesh so that the algae could be isolated and manipulated for repeated PAM measurements. In the 2014 experiment, incubating Cladophora, Rivularia, Microcoleus, and Anabaena at the water surface tended to decrease photosynthetic rates relative to submerged controls, whereas for Nostoc, the photosynthetic rates were higher in floating treatments. In the 2015 experiment, Cladophora and Oedogonium incubated in the warmer, low-flow river margin had persistently lower photosynthesis rates than their counterparts incubated in the thalweg. The PIPES method improves our ability to make PAM measurements on attached algae. PIPES can be used in conjunction with other methods to evaluate taxon-specific responses to environmental conditions and to help us predict how algal assemblages will shift in dominance under different river management regimes.
Static Electroplating of Iron Triad on Fastener Washers

Fasteners are commonly used in construction industry for parts joining purpose. There are many types of construction fasteners such as stud, bolt, anchor, nut, screw, and washer. The major problem of the fastener made by carbon steel is the poor resistance to corrosion. Electroplating is a simple yet low-cost tool to give a strong corrosion protection coating layer on the carbon steel. This study was performed to investigate the effect of current and deposition time on the iron triad (cobalt-nickel-iron) electroplating on the fastener washer. The experiment was conducted at 50 °C, pH 1-3 and at different electroplating time (30 minutes to 90 minutes) and current (0.2 A to 0.5 A). Burnt-out surface coating was observed on the fastener washer when the current was more than 0.4 A. A field test was carried out for 60 days to observe the corrosion behavior and performance of the products. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that a thin protection layer with 5.64 µm was formed at 60 minutes of electroplating time and 0.4 A of current. The surface roughness of the fastener washer was increased by increasing the electroplating time and current. The hardness was also improved with higher current and electroplating time if compared to the original fastener washer. The result of this study confirmed that a strong adhesive corrosion resistant layer to the fastener washer was using the current of 0.4 A (77 mA/cm2) and the electroplating time of 60 minutes.
A Reusable Characterization of the Memory System Behavior of SPEC2017 and SPEC2006

The SPEC CPU Benchmarks are used extensively for evaluating and comparing improvements to computer systems. This ubiquity makes characterization critical for researchers to understand the bottlenecks the benchmarks do and do not expose and where new designs should and should not be expected to show impact. However, in characterization there is a tradeoff between accuracy and reusability: The more precisely we characterize a benchmark’s performance on a given system, the less usable it is across different micro-architectures and varying memory configurations. For SPEC, most existing characterizations include system-specific effects (e.g., via performance counters) and/or only look at aggregate behavior (e.g., averages over the full application execution). While such approaches simplify characterization, they make it difficult to separate the applications’ intrinsic behavior from the system-specific effects and/or lose the diverse phase-based behaviors. In this work we focus on characterizing the applications’ intrinsic memory behaviour by isolating them from micro-architectural configuration specifics. We do this by providing a simplified generic system model that evaluates the applications’ memory behavior across multiple cache sizes, with and without prefetching, and over time. The resulting characterization can be reused across a range of systems to understand application behavior and allow us to see how frequently different behaviors occur. We use this approach to compare the SPEC 2006 and 2017 suites, providing insight into their memory system behaviour beyond previous system-specific and/or aggregate results. We demonstrate the ability to use this characterization in different contexts by showing a portion of the SPEC 2017 benchmark suite that could benefit from giga-scale caches, despite aggregate results indicating otherwise.
How Information Technology Intervene Competence and Effort to Auditor Performance

The rapid and dynamic development of technology requires auditor to keep up to date with the latest technological developments. The purpose of this research is to analyze how information technology intervene competence and effort to auditor performance. This research uses quantitative research methods. Sources of data are obtained from primary data and secondary data. The primary data is obtaining from questionnaire. The secondary data is obtaining from previous studies and become the reference in making this research. The results indicate that there is no positive significant of auditor competence on auditor performance, no positive significant of auditor effort on auditor performance, no positive significant of auditor effort on auditor use of CAATs. While, there is positive significant of auditor competence on auditor use of CAATs and positive significant of auditor use of CAATs on auditor performance.
Optimization of Signal Processing Applications Using Parameterized Error Models for Approximate Adders

Approximate circuit design has gained significance in recent years targeting error-tolerant applications. In the literature, there have been several attempts at optimizing the number of approximate bits of each approximate adder in a system for a given accuracy constraint. For computational efficiency, the error models used in these routines are simple expressions obtained using regression or by assuming inputs or the error is uniformly distributed. In this article, we first demonstrate that for many approximate adders, these assumptions lead to an inaccurate prediction of error statistics for multi-level circuits. We show that mean error and mean square error can be computed accurately if static probabilities of adders at all stages are taken into account. Therefore, in a system with a certain type of approximate adder, any optimization framework needs to take into account not just the functionality of the adder but also its position in the circuit, functionality of its parents, and the number of approximate bits in the parent blocks. We propose a method to derive parameterized error models for various types of approximate adders. We incorporate these models within an optimization framework and demonstrate that the noise power is computed accurately.