Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Cheaters Sexual Hypocrites? Sexual Hypocrisy, the Self-Serving Bias, and Personality Style

This article examines moral hypocrisy and the self-serving bias (SSB) in the sexual infidelity context. We found evidence of self-serving attributions that occur between primary relationship partners following sexual betrayals. Specifically, we found that sexual infidelity perpetrators (a) blamed their primary dyadic partners (i.e., victims) for infidelities significantly more than those victims blamed themselves for such infidelities, (b) blamed the surrounding circumstances for infidelities significantly more than their victims did, and (c) rated the emotional impact of infidelities on their victims as significantly less than victims’ ratings of such impact. Moreover, we found that participants with prior experience as both sexual infidelity perpetrators and victims displayed “sexual hypocrisy” by judging others more harshly than themselves for sexually unfaithful behavior. Our findings demonstrate that personality variables associated with sexual infidelity (narcissism, sexual narcissism, avoidant attachment, and primary psychopathy) are also relevant to self-serving attributions in the sexual infidelity context.
Conservative Management of Gallstone Disease in the Elderly Population: Outcomes and Recurrence

Background & Aims: The prevalence of gallstone disease increases with age, being early cholecystectomy the most accepted treatment in the vast majority of patients in order to prevent complications and recurrence. The aim of this study is to determine the recurrence rate and its possible predictors after initial non-operative management. Materials and Methods: We reviewed a consecutive series of patients, older than 65 years, admitted for a gallstone-related disease and treated with a non-operative management between January 2010 and December 2013. We analyzed comorbidities, clinical data, diagnosis, management, recurrence, and its treatment. Median follow-up after the discharge was 2 years. Recurrence was analyzed by a Kaplan–Meier survival curve. Possible recurrence’s predictors were analyzed. Results: The study included 226 patients. Mean age was 80.4 ± 7.2 years, 127 (56%) were female. The main causes of index hospitalization were acute cholecystitis (58%) and biliary pancreatitis (18.1%). After 2 years of follow-up, the recurrence rate was 39.8%; mean time to recurrence was 255.2 ± 42.1 days, 81% of patients recurred within 1 year. Bile duct disease implied a higher recurrence rate than the gallbladder disease group (52% vs 33%, p < 0.001). Subjects with two or more diagnoses during index admission presented higher recurrence rate (32% vs 49%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: More than a third of elderly patients could present a recurrence within 2 years after initial non-operative management. Early cholecystectomy should be considered at index admission in order to prevent recurrence.
Association between extrauterine growth restriction and changes of intestinal flora in Chinese preterm infants

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate any association between extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) and intestinal flora of <30-week-old preterm infants. A total of 59 preterm infants were assigned to EUGR (n=23) and non-EUGR (n=36) groups. Intestinal bacteria were compared by using high-throughput sequencing of bacterial rRNA. The total abundance of bacteria in 344 genera (7568 v. 13,760; P<0.0001) and 456 species (10,032 v. 18,240; P<0.0001) was significantly decreased in the EUGR group compared with the non-EUGR group. After application of a multivariate logistic model and adjusting for potential confounding factors, as well as false-discovery rate corrections, we found four bacterial genera with higher and one bacterial genus with lower abundance in the EUGR group compared with the control group. In addition, the EUGR group showed significantly increased abundances of six species (Streptococcus parasanguinis, Bacterium RB5FF6, two Klebsiella species and Microbacterium), but decreased frequencies of three species (one Acinetobacter species, Endosymbiont_of_Sphenophorus_lev and one Enterobacter_species) compared with the non-EUGR group. Taken together, there were significant changes in the intestinal microflora of preterm infants with EUGR compared to preterm infants without EUGR.
Electron cryo-tomography of vestibular hair-cell stereocilia

High-resolution imaging of hair-cell stereocilia of the inner ear has contributed substantially to our understanding of auditory and vestibular function. To provide three-dimensional views of the structure of stereocilia cytoskeleton and membranes, we developed a method for rapidly freezing unfixed stereocilia on electron microscopy grids, which allowed subsequent 3D imaging by electron cryo-tomography. Structures of stereocilia tips, shafts, and tapers were revealed, demonstrating that the actin paracrystal was not perfectly ordered. This sample-preparation and imaging procedure will allow for examination of structural features of stereocilia in a near-native state.
Comparative risk of new-onset diabetes following commencement of antipsychotics in New Zealand: a population-based clustered multiple baseline time series design

Objective Newer antipsychotics are increasingly prescribed off-label for non-psychotic ailments both in primary and secondary care settings, despite the purported risk of weight gain and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aims to determine any relationship between the development of clinically significant new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus and novel antipsychotic use in New Zealand using hypnotic drugs as control. Design A population-based clustered multiple baseline time series design. Setting Routinely collected data from a complete national pharmaceutical database in New Zealand between 2005 and 2011. Participants Patients aged 40–60 years in the year 2006 who were ever dispensed antipsychotics (exposure groups—first-generation antipsychotics, second-generation antipsychotics and antipsychotics with low, medium and high risk for weight gain) or hypnotics (control group) between 2006 and 2011. Main outcome measure First ever metformin dispensed to patients in each study group between 2006 and 2011 as proxy for development of clinically significant type 2 diabetes mellitus, no longer amendable by lifestyle modifications. Results Patients dispensed a second-generation antipsychotic had 1.49 times increased risk (95% CI 1.10 to 2.03, p=0.011) of subsequently commencing metformin. Patients dispensed an antipsychotic with high risk of weight gain also had a 2.41 times increased risk of commencing on metformin (95% CI 1.42 to 4.09, p=0.001). Conclusions Patients dispensed a second-generation antipsychotic and antipsychotics with high risk of weight gain appear to be at increased risk of being secondarily dispensed metformin. Caution should be taken with novel antipsychotic use for patients with increased baseline risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Exploring beliefs and experiences underlying self-stigma among sex workers in Hanoi, Vietnam

Abstract Sex workers are among the most stigmatised people globally, with sex workers in Vietnam being no exception. Self-stigma affects sex workers adversely, harming psychological health and acting as a barrier to seeking health care. To inform programmes and interventions to improve well-being, identifying unhelpful or negative core beliefs may provide the basis from which individuals can be supported. With this in mind, this study aimed to gain the perspective of sex workers in Vietnam on the contexts of their working lives. Data were collected in Hanoi. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with Vietnamese sex workers over the age of 18 who were working or formerly worked in Vietnam. Data were analysed manually, informed by theoretical models of self-stigma using inductive thematic analysis. The analysis identified negative/unhelpful core beliefs (disclosure, self-stigma and shame, sexuality, sexual pleasure relationships, health care); contextual life circumstances (sex work, violence, traditional education); and coping mechanisms (problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping). Findings identify the importance of core beliefs in understanding self-stigma, paving the way for programmes and interventions to address self-stigma among sex workers.
RaTrace: simple and efficient abstractions for BVH ray traversal algorithms

In order to achieve the highest possible performance, the ray traversal and intersection routines at the core of every high-performance ray tracer are usually hand-coded, heavily optimized, and implemented separately for each hardware platform—even though they share most of their algorithmic core. The results are implementations that heavily mix algorithmic aspects with hardware and implementation details, making the code non-portable and difficult to change and maintain. In this paper, we present a new approach that offers the ability to define in a functional language a set of conceptual, high-level language abstractions that are optimized away by a special compiler in order to maximize performance. Using this abstraction mechanism we separate a generic ray traversal and intersection algorithm from its low-level aspects that are specific to the target hardware. We demonstrate that our code is not only significantly more flexible, simpler to write, and more concise but also that the compiled results perform as well as state-of-the-art implementations on any of the tested CPU and GPU platforms.
Association Between Pretreatment Dietary Preference and Weight Loss after Radiation Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study

Abstract Weight loss is common in cancer patients underwent radiation therapy. However, the impact of pretreatment behavior on postradiation nutritional status was unknown. This prospective observational study was conducted in 31 Thai head and neck cancer patients to investigate the association between pretreatment dietary preference and weight change after radiotherapy. Pretreatment preferences on sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami, spicy, and fatty food were evaluated using a validated questionnaire, TASTE26. Body weights were monitored at baseline, 1,000–2,000, 2,800–3,400, 4,000–4,400, and 5,000–7,000 cGy of radiations and 2 month-follow up after radiotherapy. The energy intakes were analyzed by using 3 day-dietary record and INMUCAL software. Spicy food preference was the only factor found positively correlated with weight loss after radiation (r = 0.64, P = 0.007). Consistently, strong spicy lovers had more pronounced reduction of energy intake and body weight, and higher needs of tube feeding than those of mild or moderate lovers (P < 0.05). This study suggested that stronger preference on spicy food may be associated with less energy intake and more severe weight loss after radiation therapy. A large-scale study is warranted to confirm such findings. Then, preradiation screening for spicy preference may be useful to predict weight loss during radiation therapy.
A Context Aware Cooperative Communication Method in Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks, the clustering methods proposed to improve the energy efficiency of a sensor network can lead to severe energy consumption by the cluster heads. Furthermore, in the case where an unbalanced cluster structure is generated, the overall lifetime of the sensor networks is significantly reduced. Moreover, existing cooperative communication methods, for example, CoopLEACH, waste energy because of the unilateral cooperative communication method, which does not consider the distance between the sink and cluster heads. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a novel method that transmits and collects data according to the density of the nodes and the distance between the sink and cluster heads. Through extensive performance studies, we observed that our method is 12% more energy-efficient than CoopLEACH.
Progesterone Receptor Expression in the Developing Mesocortical Dopamine Pathway: Importance for Complex Cognitive Behavior in Adulthood

Background: Numerous psychiatric and behavioral disorders such as autism, attention deficit disorder and schizophrenia may involve disruptions in the development of the mesocortical dopamine pathway, consisting of dopaminergic projections from the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Nuclear steroid hormone receptors are powerful transcription factors and can profoundly and permanently alter fundamental processes of neural development. Nuclear progesterone receptor (PR) is transiently expressed in both the VTA and the PFC of rodents during perinatal life, suggesting that PR may regulate the normal development of this important behavioral circuit. Methods and Results: Here, we demonstrate that virtually all PR-immunoreactive (PR-ir) cells in the VTA also express tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-ir). In addition, retrograde tract tracing reveals that many PR-ir cells in the VTA project to the mPFC. Administration of a PR antagonist to rats during the neonatal period decreased TH-ir fiber density in the prelimbic mPFC of juveniles (postnatal day 25) and decreased levels of TH-ir in the VTA of adults. Neonatal treatment with a PR antagonist impaired adult performance on a passive inhibitory avoidance task and an attentional set-shifting task, measures of behavioral inhibition/impulsivity and cognitive flexibility, respectively. TH-ir levels in the VTA were reduced and cognitive flexibility was impaired in PR knockout mice as well. Conclusions: These findings provide novel insights into a potential role for PR in the developmental etiology of behavioral disorders that involve impairments in complex cognitive behaviors and have implications for the use of synthetic progestins in humans during critical neurodevelopmental periods.
HCV transmission in high-risk communities in Bulgaria

Background The rate of HIV infection in Bulgaria is low. However, the rate of HCV-HIV-coinfection and HCV infection is high, especially among high-risk communities. The molecular epidemiology of those infections has not been studied before. Methods Consensus Sanger sequences of HVR1 and NS5B from 125 cases of HIV/HCV coinfections, collected during 2010–2014 in 15 different Bulgarian cities, were used for preliminary phylogenetic evaluation. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data of the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) analyzed via the Global Hepatitis Outbreak and Surveillance Technology (GHOST) were used to evaluate genetic heterogeneity and possible transmission linkages. Links between pairs that were below and above the established genetic distance threshold, indicative of transmission, were further examined by generating k-step networks. Results Preliminary genetic analyses showed predominance of HCV genotype 1a (54%), followed by 1b (20.8%), 2a (1.4%), 3a (22.3%) and 4a (1.4%), indicating ongoing transmission of many HCV strains of different genotypes. NGS of HVR1 from 72 cases showed significant genetic heterogeneity of intra-host HCV populations, with 5 cases being infected with 2 different genotypes or subtypes and 6 cases being infected with 2 strains of same subtype. GHOST revealed 8 transmission clusters involving 30 cases (41.7%), indicating a high rate of transmission. Four transmission clusters were found in Sofia, three in Plovdiv, and one in Peshtera. The main risk factor for the clusters was injection drug use. Close genetic proximity among HCV strains from the 3 Sofia clusters, and between HCV strains from Peshtera and one of the two Plovdiv clusters confirms a long and extensive transmission history of these strains in Bulgaria. Conclusions Identification of several HCV genotypes and many HCV strains suggests a frequent introduction of HCV to the studied high-risk communities. GHOST detected a broad transmission network, which sustains circulation of several HCV strains since their early introduction in the 3 cities. This is the first report on the molecular epidemiology of HIV/HCV coinfections in Bulgaria.
Social Media Influencer Marketing and Children’s Food Intake: A Randomized Trial

In this study, we examine the impact of influencer marketing of foods (healthy and unhealthy), via popular YouTube vloggers on social media, on children’s food intake. OBJECTIVES: To examine the impact of social media influencer marketing of foods (healthy and unhealthy) on children’s food intake. METHODS: In a between-subjects design, 176 children (9–11 years, mean 10.5 ± 0.7 years) were randomly assigned to view mock Instagram profiles of 2 popular YouTube video bloggers (influencers). Profiles featured images of the influencers with unhealthy snacks (participants: n = 58), healthy snacks (n = 59), or nonfood products (n = 59). Subsequently, participants’ ad libitum intake of unhealthy snacks, healthy snacks, and overall intake (combined intake of healthy and unhealthy snacks) were measured. RESULTS: Children who viewed influencers with unhealthy snacks had significantly increased overall intake (448.3 kilocalories [kcals]; P = .001), and significantly increased intake of unhealthy snacks specifically (388.8 kcals; P = .001), compared with children who viewed influencers with nonfood products (357.1 and 292.2 kcals, respectively). Viewing influencers with healthy snacks did not significantly affect intake. CONCLUSIONS: Popular social media influencer promotion of food affects children’s food intake. Influencer marketing of unhealthy foods increased children’s immediate food intake, whereas the equivalent marketing of healthy foods had no effect. Increasing the promotion of healthy foods on social media may not be an effective strategy to encourage healthy dietary behaviors in children. More research is needed to understand the impact of digital food marketing and inform appropriate policy action.
Using Linear Agarose Channels to Study Drosophila Larval Crawling Behavior.

Drosophila larval crawling is emerging as a powerful model to study neural control of sensorimotor behavior. However, larval crawling behavior on flat open surfaces is complex, including: pausing, turning, and meandering. This complexity in the repertoire of movement hinders detailed analysis of the events occurring during a single crawl stride cycle. To overcome this obstacle, linear agarose channels were made that constrain larval behavior to straight, sustained, rhythmic crawling. In principle, because agarose channels and the Drosophila larval body are both optically clear, the movement of larval structures labeled by genetically-encoded fluorescent probes can be monitored in intact, freely-moving larvae. In the past, larvae were placed in linear channels and crawling at the level of whole organism, segment, and muscle were analyzed1. In the future, larvae crawling in channels can be used for calcium imaging to monitor neuronal activity. Moreover, these methods can be used with larvae of any genotype and with any researcher-designed channel. Thus the protocol presented below is widely applicable for studies using the Drosophila larva as a model to understand motor control.
Genistein and Its Analogue Enhanced Tissue Plasminogen Activator Activity in HeLa S3

Soybean isoflavones of genistein and biochanin A, its analogue, promote the activity for generating tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) from human cervical cancer cells (HeLa S3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). At a concentration of 50 µM, each of 14 types of isoflavones were added to HeLa culture solution and incubated. After 24 h, the culture solution was replaced, and then incubated for another 24 h. When fibrinolytic activity was checked in the resulting culture solution using the fibrin plate method, substantial fibrinolytic activity was confirmed for two types of isoflavones. Genistein showed the highest level of fibrinolytic activity at 12.4 times the control, and for biochanin A, an analogue of genistein, the level was 3.5 times the control. Checking fibrinolytic activity and molecular weight of the protein bands separated by zymography, a rise in the protein band concentration in proportion to the concentration of the reagents added was confirmed for the protein band with activity in the same position as the standard reference tPA, which has a molecular weight of about 68 kDa. ELISA also demonstrated that the concentration of tPA in the culture solution was higher than that of plasminogen activator-1. Fibrinolytic activity of HUVEC incubated with 25 µM of biochanin A was much higher than that of the control, which suggests that these soybean isoflavones could have beneficial effects on blood circulation in vivo.
Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of High-Copy-Number LTR Retrotransposons in Asian Pears

A large proportion of the genome of ‘Suli’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) contains long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs), which suggests that LTR-RTs have played important roles in the evolution of Pyrus. Further analysis of retrotransposons, particularly of high-copy-number LTR-RTs in different species, will provide new insights into the evolutionary history of Pyrus. A total of 4912 putative LTR-RTs classified into 198 subfamilies were identified in the ‘Suli’ pear genome. Six Asian pear accessions, including cultivars and wild species, were resequenced. The comparison of copy number for each LTR-RT subfamily was evaluated in Pyrus accessions, and data showed up to four-fold differences for some subfamilies. This contrast suggests different fates for retrotransposon families in the evolution of Pyrus. Fourteen high-copy-number subfamilies were identified in Asian pears, and more than 50% of the LTR-RTs in the genomes of all Pyrus accessions were from these 14 identified LTR-RT subfamilies. Their average insertion time was 3.42 million years ago, which suggests that these subfamilies were recently inserted into the genome. Many homologous and specific retrotransposon insertion sites were identified in oriental and occidental pears, suggesting that the duplication of retrotransposons has occurred throughout almost the entire origin and evolution of Pyrus species. The LTR-RTs show high heterogeneity, and their copy numbers vary in different Pyrus species. Thus, our findings suggest that LTR-RTs are an important source of genetic variation among Pyrus species.
Practice of Epidemiology Estimating the Impact of Tuberculosis Case Detection in Constrained Health Systems: An Example of Case-Finding in South Africa

© TheAuthor(s) 2019. Published byOxfordUniversity Press onbehalf of the JohnsHopkinsBloombergSchool of Public Health. This is anOpenAccess article distributed under the termsof theCreativeCommonsAttribution License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in anymedium, provided the original work is properly cited. Vol. 188, No. 6 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz038 Advance Access publication: March 2, 2019