Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Purification of fire-derived markers for μg scale isotope analysis (δC,

Black carbon (BC) is the residue of incomplete biomass combustion. It is ubiquitous in nature and, due to its relative persistence, is an important factor in Earth’s slow-cycling carbon pool. This resistant nature makes pure BC one of the most used materials for 1C dating to elucidate its formation date or residence time in the environment. However, most BC samples cannot be physically separated from their matrices, precluding accurate 1C values. Here we present a method for radiocarbon dating of the oxidation products of BC, benzene polycarboxylic acids, thereby circumventing interference from extraneous carbon. Individual compounds were isolated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and converted to CO via wet chemical oxidation for 13C and 1C isotope analysis. A detailed assessment was performed to identify and quantify sources of extraneous carbon contamination using two process standards with distinct isotopic signatures. The average blank was 1.6 ± 0.7 g C and had an average radiocarbon content of 0.90 ± 0.50 F1C. We successfully analyzed the 1C content of individual benzene polycarboxylic acids with a sample size as small as 20–30 g C after correcting for the presence of the average blank. The combination of 13C and F1C analysis helps interpret the results and enables monitoring of extraneous carbon contribution in a fast and cost efficient way. Such a molecular approach to radiocarbon dating of BC residues enables the expansion of isotopic BC studies to samples that have either been too small or strongly affected by non-fire derived carbon. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem. 2014.02. 008 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-100889 Accepted Version Originally published at: Gierga, Merle; Schneider, Maximilian P W; Wiedemeier, Daniel B; Lang, Susan Q; Smittenberg, Rienk H; Hajdas, Irka; Bernasconi, Stefano M; Schmidt, Michael W I (2014). Purification of fire derived markers for g scale isotope analysis (13C, Δ14C) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Organic Geochemistry, 70:1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem. 2014.02. 008 Purification of fire-derived markers for μg scale isotope analysis (δC, 1 ΔC) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 2 Merle Gierga, Maximilian P.W. Schneider, Daniel B. Wiedemeier, Susan Q. Lang, Rienk H. Smittenberg, 3 Irka Hajdas, Stefano M. Bernasconi, Michael W.I. Schmidt 4 a Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland 5 b Department of Geography, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland 6 c Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden 7 d Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland 8 * Corresponding author. E-mail address: merle.gierga@erdw.ethz. ch 9 1 Present address: Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, 10 USA 11
Polish Translation and Validation of the SARC-F Tool for the Assessment of Sarcopenia

Introduction: Completion of the SARC-F questionnaire constitutes the obligatory ﬁ rst step in the diagnostic process of sarcopenia, according to the revised European consensus on the de ﬁ nition and diagnosis of sarcopenia published by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People2 (EWGSOP2). SARC-F has been recognized as the most up-to-date and coherent screening tool for sarcopenia. The aim of the study was to translate and to validate the Polish version of the SARC-F questionnaire. Materials and Methods: The validation process was performed in two stages: 1) translation and intercultural adaptation and 2) clinical validation. The inclusion criteria were as follows: age ≥ 65 years, unimpaired mobility, and no cognitive impairment. The EWGSOP2 criteria were used to diagnose sarcopenia. Hand grip strength measurement, physical ﬁ tness test, and body weight composition analysis were conducted. Sensitivity, speci ﬁ city, accuracy-likelihood ratios, and SARC-F predictive values were calculated using the EWGSOP2 criteria. Results: Sixty-seven people participated in the study of whom 21% were diagnosed with sarcopenia (SARC-F score: ≥ 4). The reliability of the questionnaire based on the Cronbach ’ s alpha coef ﬁ cient was 0.784. Sensitivity, speci ﬁ city, and negative predictive values were 92.9%, 98.1%, and 98.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The process of validating the SARC-F questionnaire against Polish conditions demonstrated its applicability as a simple and reliable tool for diagnosing sarcopenia in daily clinical practice with older adults.
Characterization of Three GADs from Bacillus spp. for E cient γ-Aminobutyric Acid Production

Lei Sun Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Animal Science Yingguo Bai Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Animal Science Xiu Zhang North Minzu University Cheng Zhou North Minzu University Jie Zhang Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Animal Science Xiaoyun Su Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Animal Science Huiying Luo Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Animal Science Bin Yao Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Animal Science Yuan Wang Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Animal Science Tao Tu (  tutao@caas.cn ) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Feed Research Institute https://orcid.org/0000-0002-16610386
Resource Allocation for Dynamic TDD Systems

Mobile telecommunication system is in constant development, as the number of users and applications is steadily increasing. Fifth generation of mobile system (5G) is supposed to bring further improvements regarding data rates, reliability, energy e ciency and security. In this thesis we will focus on increasing data rate by applying time division duplex (TDD). In attempt to increase sum-rate, we propose a system where each cell is scheduled in downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) based on the tra c demand within the cell. The exibility of such a system requires deploying TDD instead of nowadays commonly used frequency division duplex (FFD), because it allows dynamical adaptation to asymmetric tra c requirements. Despite advantages of dynamic TDD, it introduces higher inter-channel interference due to the fact that neighboring base stations are allowed to transmit in opposite directions. Due to this, we propose a method to avoid interference and maximize sum-rate. Two questions have to be answered, how to nd scheduling and how to allocate transmit powers, which optimize a system in terms of maximal sum-rate. We will address these issues from the point of view where exists an central unit which oversees the whole system. Further, a decentralized method of optimization is proposed where scheduling and power allocation is done locally based just on limited communication with neighboring cells. Finally, we will do MATLAB simulation of all proposed algorithms and compare their results.
Identiﬁcation of a Reaction Intermediate and Mechanism of Action of Intermediary Enzymes in Plumbagin Biosynthetic Pathway Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation

: The biosynthesis of plumbagin is known to occur via the acetate polymalonate pathway; however there are several intermediary steps that remain unidentiﬁed that leads to its synthesis. The study identiﬁes enzyme naphthoate synthase to catalyze the cyclization of O-malonyl benzoyl CoA to form an intermediate that is acted upon by thioesterase before the reaction proceeds to form plumbagin. Two possible structures were predicted for this intermediate using quantum mechanics studies. A total of 60 ns molecular dynamics simulations revealed the most probable intermediate structure of the predicted two.
Exploring music similarity with AcousticBrainz

Music similarity is used in many applications ranging from music recommendations to media retrieval systems. Most of music similarity metrics are computed as distances between songs on a certain multidimensional feature space. This feature space typically consists of audio descriptors that are extracted from raw audio (rhythm, tonality, spectral features). By using similarity distances we can perform a query in database, and it will return number of tracks with shortest similarity distances, thus the most similar ones. Intrinsically similarity is a subjective concept, because diﬀerent listeners perceive diﬀerent things as similar. In the research of music similarity it had been deﬁned in diﬀerent ways and various similarity measures had been proposed. Evaluation of those metrics is a diﬃcult task, and is usually done via objective metrics because it requires less resources. Similarity can be measured either subjectively by using relative comparison by human subjects or objectively by using music metadata such as artist, album, genre and cultural context. Example of context usage is co-occurrence of the tracks on radio broadcasts or compilation CDs. However, subjective evaluation of most similarity metrics that are introduced in the research is usually performed with limited number of participants due to nature of experiments. In this thesis we address this problem and propose a system that can be used to perform subjective evaluation of diﬀerent similarity metrics at large scale.
A Multi-Agent System for Expertise Localization in Software Development

— In software industry, expertise is fundamental to the timely ending of projects, since tasks are solved in a more efficient manner. The expertise of an organization exists in people or artifacts and it is not easy to identify when required because this information does not reside in a repository to facilitate its management in terms of storage, consultation and distribution. This causes uncertainty among members of the organization to determine the appropriate expertise to solve a project activity. The aim of this paper is to present a multi-agent system that supports the expertise location in software development. Using a knowledge flow methodology the barriers that prevent the flow of knowledge and interaction in software development activities were identified and using this information the requirements were elicited. The architecture provides information concerning the location of the appropriate expertise to solve a problem posed by a user making use of the artifacts and experts available in the organization.
Factors Effecting Consumer Purchase Intention with the Mediating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Pakistan

: The basic purpose of this study is to determine the effect of social media, celebrity endorsement, brand loyalty, and brand image on consumer purchase intention with the mediating role of corporate social responsibility in the context of Pakistan. For the purpose of analysis data were collected from general public and most of the respondents are graduates. Data were collected by using simple random sampling technique from Islamabad, Lahore, and Gujranwala city. Three hundred twenty (320) questionnaires were distributed among general public. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques have been used for statistical analysis. Findings elucidated that corporate social responsibility, brand loyalty, and social media have positive and significant influence on consumer purchase intention. Meanwhile, brand image and celebrity endorsement have insignificant influence on consumer purchase intention. In addition, findings revealed that corporate social responsibility positively mediates the relationship between brand loyalty, social media, brand image, celebrity endorsement on consumer purchase intention. Less attention has been paid to explore corporate social responsibility as a mediating variable among brand loyalty, social media, brand image, celebrity endorsement, and consumer purchase intention.
FEAR OF CRIME AND VICTIMISATION: A multivariate multilevel analysis of competing measurements.

This study models simultaneously three commonly used indicators of fear feeling unsafe alone at home after dark, feeling unsafe walking alone after dark and worry about becoming victim of crime, over direct (being a victim) and indirect (knowing a victim) victimisation controlling for demographic and socio-economic characteristics of individuals via multivariate, i.e. multiple responses, multilevel analysis of data from Athens, Greece. The results show that: (a) the association of the three indicators weakens as key explanatory factors of fear of crime are accounted for, (b) crime experiences are related to feeling unsafe at home alone after dark only via its association with feeling unsafe walking alone after dark and worry about becoming victim of crime and (c) indirect and direct prior victimisation and crime exposure shapes predominately perceived future risk.
Dependency Parsing and Its Application using Hierarchical Structure in Japanese Language

—Conventional Japanese dependency parsing methods are primarily based on the bi-nominal model between phrases, which has a limitation related to the order of phrases. Accord-ingly, the length of a phrase, which depends on the language dependency, is limited. In this paper, we propose a novel dependency parsing method for Japanese based on an extended hierarchical language model simulated by the hierarchical Pitman-Yor process in order to overcome the abovementioned limitation. We also evaluate the accuracy of the proposed dependency parsing method as well as its practicality to detect the topics of each document. Experimental results show that the proposed method can parse dependencies in long, complex sentences and can allocate topics to each document relatively well compared with the conventional method. Consequently, it can be said that the proposed method is feasible in the research ﬁelds of both Japanese dependency parsing and topic modeling.
A Study on Collaboration Informatization Level of Supply Chain Process : Korean Automobile Industry Case

Many of manufacturing companies faced to globalization make an effort to obtain a competitiveness of speediness, flexibility, collaboration by using the informatization. It has been operated on enabler to drive creation of performance beyond just playing the role of office automation in the enterprise. According to this importance of informatization in enterprise, it also has been studied roundly to analyze its level. So, in this paper we suggest the conceptual methodology to analyze the level of collaboration informatization between manufacturing companies from the viewpoint of performance on the supply chain process. Also we applied it to automobile industry in order to set out the method. It will contribute to a new perspective analyzing the informatization status in the manufacturing industries.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES ON THE CRUDE EXTRACT OF RED ALGAE GRACILARIA EDULIS AGAINST CLINICAL ISOLATES

Phytochemicals are naturally present in the seaweeds and are biologically significant and plays an essential role in defending themselves against various pathogenic microbes by showing the antimicrobial activity by inhibition or killing mechanisms. In the present study revealed that the preliminary phytochemical, antibacterial and antifungal activities of crude extract of Gracilaria edulis were investigated. The methanol and aqueous extracts of Gracilaria edulis showed the presence of a number of metabolites such as alkaloids, saponin, phenols, terpenoids, proteins, flavonoids, glycosides, coumarins and tannins. G.edulis showed the significant antibacterial activity against in the clinical pathogens of Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonell typhi as well as the fungus Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus indicus and Candida albicans . The methanol extracts of G.edulis showed maximum activity of 18mm (100µg/ml) of inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus and followed by the methanolic extracts of P.aerogenosa (16mm) and aqueous extract of S.aureus (14mm) when it was compared to the positive control Gentamycin. The methanol extract showed the broader spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal activity when compared with aqueous extract.
iron of the Current.

Subsurface chlorophyll maximum layers (SCMLs) are nearly ubiq- uitous in stratiﬁed water columns and exist at horizontal scales ranging from the submesoscale to the extent of oligotrophic gyres. These layers of heightened chlorophyll and/or phytoplankton concentrations are generally thought to be a consequence of a balance between light energy from above and a limiting nutrient ﬂux from below, typically nitrate (NO 3 ). Here we present multiple lines of evidence demonstrating that iron (Fe) limits or with light colimits phytoplankton communities in SCMLs along a primary productivity gradient from coastal to oligotrophic offshore waters in the southern California Current ecosystem. SCML phytoplank- ton responded markedly to added Fe or Fe/light in experimental incubations and transcripts of diatom and picoeukaryote Fe stress genes were strikingly abundant in SCML metatranscriptomes. Using a biogeochemical proxy with data from a 40-y time series, we ﬁnd that diatoms growing in California Current SCMLs are persistently Fe deﬁcient during the spring and summer growing season. We also ﬁnd that the spatial extent of Fe deﬁciency within California Current SCMLs has signiﬁcantly increased over the last 25 y in line with a regional climate index. Finally, we show that diatom Fe deﬁciency may be common in the subsurface of major upwelling zones worldwide. Our results have important implications for our understanding of the biogeochemical consequences of marine SCML formation and maintenance. of the California Current and at the edge of the North Paciﬁc Subtropical Gyre using shipboard incubations, metatranscriptomics, and biogeochemical proxies. These results suggest that interactions and feedbacks between iron and light availability play an important and previously unrecognized role in controlling the productivity and biogeochemical dynamics of SCMLs.
IMPROVING THE SYSTEM OF INDICATORS OF EFFECTIVE FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION

INTRODUCTION The result of any activity is linked to its purpose, which is interpreted as a planned result, an ideal, conceivable prediction of the end of the activity. The result of social protection of the population in the form of the beneficial effect of labor is to meet the social needs of vulnerable sections of the population, as well as to improve their social well-being, to solve the difficult life situation with the least cost (material, financial, labor, time). Any result should be evaluated in terms of achieving the goals. In economic science, the efficiency indicator is calculated as the ratio of achieved results to the resources used. How effective an activity has sometimes been can be judged by the results themselves, comparing them by year with similar indicators of other periods or other countries. The specificity of the assessment of financial support for social protection of the population is that, in addition to quantitative characteristics, the result should have a social effect, that is, a significant useful value for the individual and society. The result of financial support for social protection should be to raise the standard of living not only of those persons or social groups to whom social protection is provided, but of the whole population. The effectiveness of financial provision for social protection is ultimately manifested itself as a long-lasting positive trend in the well-being of the population. Therefore, this effectiveness should be assessed by determining its economic and social component. The latter is linked to the concept of externalities (external effects), which have no monetary dimension, are not taken into account by the market, but “cause deviations of private marginal products and costs from social marginal products and costs, breaking equilibrium”. Arthur Pigou laid the basic understanding of the concept in 1920 in the book “The Economics of Welfare” 1 . The term “externalities” in
The Demographics of Social Media Users in the Russian-Language Internet

—Our study focuses on the demography of the largest European social network VK and the representativeness of VK population sample with respect to the real-world state demography. The relationships between the variables, such as region code, settlement type, age and gender are explored. A special-purpose tool has been developed for ethnic group labeling purposes, which performs the classification given the user forename, patronymic and/or surname and ensures 99.2% accuracy. The analysis of the considered variables is helpful in finding a solution to the cold start problem in recommender systems.
Predictive Analytics in Utility Vehicle Maintenance

—In public transportation, the motor pool often consists of various different vehicles bought over a duration of many years. Sometimes, they even differ within one batch bought at the same time. This poses a considerable challenge in the storage and allocation of spare parts, especially in the event of damage to a vehicle. Correctly assigning these parts before the vehicle reaches the workshop could significantly reduce both the downtime and, therefore, the actual costs for companies. In order to achieve this, the current software uses a simple probability calculation. To improve the performance, the data of specific companies was analysed, preprocessed and used with several modelling techniques to classify and, therefore, predict the spare parts to be used in the event of a faulty vehicle. We summarize our experience running through the steps of the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining and compare the performance to the previously used probability. Gradient Boosting Trees turned out to be the best modeling technique for this special case.
Investigating Child Mortality in Malawi Using Family and Community Random Effects

The Malawi Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 1992 collected the retrospective birth histories for a national sample of 4,878 women aged between 15 and 49 years. The sample was randomly selected by a two-stage sampling design. The data consist of biological, demographic, and social variables collected for each birth. This article models the infant and early childhood survival using family and community random effect multipliers on the fixed effect proportional hazards model, which allows the dependence between observations in the same family and community into the model. A Markov chain Monte Carlo sample from the posterior distribution of the parameters given the data is found. The standard errors of the fixed effect estimates are more correct than those found from the standard model, which are underestimated because of the ignored correlation structure.