Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hiding data in images by optimal moderately-significant-bit replacement

A data hiding technique for the storage and transmission of important data is proposed. It embeds the important data in the moderately-significant-bit of an image, and applies a global substitution step and a local pixel adjustment process to reduce any image degradation. Experimental results show that the visual quality of the resulting image is acceptable.
Design and implementation of database replication protocols in the madis architecture

El objetivo de esta Tesis ha sido el diseno y la implementacion de los protocolos de replicacion basados en O2PL para una nueva arquitectura middleware de replicacion de bases de datos denominada MADIS, Esta arquitectura se caracteriza por ofrecer una interfaz JDBC a las aplicaciones de usuario y dar soporte, mediante la modificacion del esquema de la base de datos, a un amplio rango de protocolos de replicacion. Esto ultimo permite aislar el control de concurrencia (gestionado por el, sistema gestor de bases de datos) del control de replicacion (gestionado por el protocolo de replicacion utilizado en MADIS). Los dos protocolos desarrollados, BRP y ERP, se formalizan empleando un sistema de transicion de estados que facilita la comprobacion de su correccion (1-copy-Serizlizable). Adicionalmente, se formalizan un nuevo protocolo para MADIS, TORPE, basado en la entrega en orden total de las difusiones por parte de los sistemas de comunicacion a grupo, con el objeto de comparar el comportamiento de este tipo de protocolos, ampliamente empleados en la literatura actual, con los dos protocolos anteriores. La implementacion de estos tres protocolos en MADIS verifica los supuestos teoricos planteados para el BRP y el ERP en sus pruebas de correccion y muestra que los proceloso de orden total son, en general, la mejor opcion para la replicacion de bases de datos. No obstante, se observa que el protocolo ERP es la mejor alternativa para entornos con cargas bajas dentro de nuestro entorno de pruebas. Finalmente, se propone un protocolo de recuperacion, disenado tambien como un sistema de transicion de estados, que es valido tanto para el BRP como el ERP. Este protocolo emplea la sincronia de vistas para gestionar la recuperacion de nodos fallidos estableciendo las particiones de recuperacion que se crean en el nodo recuperador y a recuperar, de manera que este ultimo pueda comenzar a atender transacciones de usuario aunque no ha
CORRELATION LENGTH AS ESTIMATE OF THE DOMAIN OF INFLUENCE OF CRYSTAL GRAIN

As a rule the continuum mechanics assumes homogeneity and isotropicity of the involved material. These assumptions are satisfactory for engineering load capability analysis and the engineering lifetime analysis of the parts that are significantly larger than the order of the material inhomogeneities and are only moderately deformed. However, the inhomogeneity of the material becomes more and more important when analyzing the initiation and propagation of cracks or load capability of the material in the vicinity of the limit strength. The inhomogeneity and anisotropicity of the material can be modeled by dividing the continuum into limited number of randomly shaped grains with variable material properties. However, this procedure is numerically quite demanding. The solution to this problem is envisioned by the development of methods that transfer the significant data on the inhomogeneity into the classical macroscopic models. The interesting method is the usage of the correlation length. The correlation length can be used to estimate the domain of influence of the individual inhomogeneities in the simulated aggregate of randomly oriented and shaped crystal grains. This article deals with several issues related to the calculation of correlation length from a 2D stress field.
Beyond perturbation 2: asymptotics and Beilinson-Drinfeld Grassmannians in differential geometry

We prove that for any k greater or equal to 2, given a smooth compact k-dimensional manifold and a multiplicative k-1-gerbe on a Lie group, together with an integrable connection, there is a line bundle on the corresponding Beilinson-Drinfeld Grassmannian having the factorization property.
Language use in English academic writing by a tertiary overseas student

This study attempts to explore language resources in English academic writing. For students, espe- cially those who are non-native speakers of English, it is di‹cult to express theirndings and/or opinions in an academic essay while following an appropriate style. However, students are required to write several academic essays for assessment in order to complete degrees. The aim of this study is to examine linguistic resources, especially lexico-grammatical resources, in a high score text which was written by an overseas student. Appraisal theory within Systemic Func- tional Linguistics is a framework to accommodateanalyses of stance as positioning in relation to values and voices in a text' (Hood, 2004 p. 13). The result shows that lexico-grammatical resources in the high-score text have similar features to those in published articles and high-score writing in IELTS. To be recognized as appropriate English academic writing and to demonstrate a clear under- standing of English academic writing, it is necessary to show logic and objective opinions rather than emotions or personal opinions. This suggests that it would be helpful for novice writers to know ap- propriate lexico-grammatical resources to improve their writing.
Corporate Social Responsibility: A Process Model of Sensemaking

In contrast to content-based models of corporate social responsibility (CSR), we propose a process model of organizational sensemaking explaining how managers think, discuss, and act with respect to their key stakeholders and the world at large. We also propose a set of cognitive, linguistic, and conative dimensions to identify such an intrinsic orientation that guides CSR-related activities. Recognizing patterns of interrelationships among these dimensions might lead to a better understanding of a firm's CSR impact and generate a rich research agenda that links key organizational features to CSR character.
Unionization, International Integration, and Selection (Syndicalisation, Intégration Internationale, Et Sélection) 

We study how unionization affects competitive selection between heterogeneous firms when wage negotiations can occur at the firm or at the profit‐centre level. With productivity specific wages, an increase in union power has: (i) a selection‐softening; (ii) a counter‐competitive; (iii) a wage‐inequality; and (iv) a variety effect. In a two‐country asymmetric setting, stronger unions soften competition for domestic firms and toughen it for exporters. With profit‐centre bargaining, we show how trade liberalization can affect wage inequality among identical workers both across firms (via its effects on competitive selection) and within firms (via wage discrimination across destination markets). On etudie comment la syndicalisation affecte la selection concurrentielle entre les firmes heterogenes quand la negociation salariale peut se faire soit au niveau de la firme ou du centre de profit. Avec des salaires lies a la productivite specifique, un accroissement dans le pouvoir du syndicat a pour effet (1) d’adoucir le processus de selection, (2) d’avoir un effet anticoncurrentiel, (3) de provoquer des inegalites de salaires, et (4) d’avoir un effet de variete. Dans un monde asymetrique a deux pays, des syndicats plus forts adoucissent la concurrence pour les firmes domestiques et la rendent plus dure pour les exportateurs. Avec une negociation au niveau du centre de profits, on montre que la liberalisation du commerce peut affecter l’inegalite des salaires de travailleurs identiques a la fois entre firmes (via les effets sur la selection concurrentielle) et intra‐firmes (via la discrimination salariale entre marches de differentes destinations).
PARTY AND REVOLUTION: A Global Game Approach

This paper attempts to bridge the gap between revolution studies and democracy studies, and investigates the roles of party politics in individual revolutionary decision. In this study, the revolution to democracy is formulated as an asymmetric global game, and the coordination problem between a single democratic organization (party) and a continuum of ordinary citizens (masses) under incomplete information concerning the strength of autocracy is highlighted. Within appropriate fundamental parameters regarding the relative magnitude of revolutionary cost/return, as well as the size of this organization, the threshold strategies tuple consist the unique rationalizable equilibrium. The existence of a democratic organization, regardless of its action, is shown to increase the incentives for some citizens to join � I would like to thank Antoni Calvo-Armengol for his inspiring suggestions and his patient and thoughtful discussion with me. The valuable comments from Miguell Ballester, Jordi Brandts, Juan Carlos Cornesa, Jinbo Li, Liguo Lin, Joel Sobel, and Lan Yao, the generous provision of computation codes from Amil Dasgupta, and the attendance of the Conference on Economic Development, 2007, CCER, Peking University, are especially appreciated. The …nancial support from Generalitat Catalunya is gratefully acknowledged. y Address: UAB, Department of Economics, Edi…ci B, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona),
THREE-DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATIONS IN NON-UNIFORMLY HEATED FALLING LIQUID FILM AT SMALL AND MODERATE REYNOLDS NUMBERS

• (3) Euro Heat Pipes S.A. , Rue de l'Industrie 24, 1400 - Nivelles, Belgium Abstract. Experimental investigations of hydrodynamics and heat transfer in a liquid film flowing along an vertical substrate with a local heater under the action of gravity are performed. The onset of rivulet-like structure in a wavy film motion (Re numbers from 1 to 66) at a condition on the wall TW =const has been studied. The dependence of the wavelength on heat flux and Re number has been measured. The average heat transfer coefficient in the rivulet flow has been measured. The effect of rivulet-like structure on heat transfer enhancement is verified.
Synthesis, In Silico and In Vitro anticancer screening of some novel nitrogen bridged imidazopyrimidines

Novel derivatives of Imidazo[1,2-a] pyrimidines(3a-3n) were synthesized by the ring opening of 4-Arylidine-2- Phenyl-Oxazole-5-Ones with 2-Amino Pyrimidines. The compounds obtained were identified and characterized by their physical, spectral and elemental analysis data. In vitro anti-proliferative activity of some of the synthesized compounds was carried out on A549 (Lung cancer) cell lines by employing MTT assay. In silico screening of these derivatives was carried out by molecular docking techniques using Schrodinger(Glide) and Auto dock softwares to find potent B-Raf Kinase inhibitors among the synthesized compounds. It was observed that compounds 3d and 3h with IC 50 values < 10 μM demonstrated good anti-proliferative activity on cell lines and are comparable with the respective docking G-Scores and mmGBSA values.
Application of Data Envelopment Analysis in the Relative Measure of Social Capital

In the last decade, social capital has been changed to one of the fundamental subjects, which is considerable in the world’s academic and investigative coteries. Social capital is the collection of norms, informal values, common laws and moral commitments, that the reciprocal behaviors of people take place in their framework and cause that people’s social relationship will facilitate. And also it will cause to increase the social cooperation and participation. It also helps that the human capital and economical and financial capital can reach to a dynamic growth in the transaction of each other. The social capital has been propounded in different levels. These levels have been expanded from individual level to ultra-national (international) level. On the other hand, the recognition of criteria and indicators, which formed social capital, has a fundamental role in the recognition and measurement of the above said concept. With the application of Data Envelopment Analysis in this essay, in which, organization is performing just like a social capital production system; the organization’s relative efficiency will be measured. And also with the use of input and output productions (or the important indicators in measuring of current social capital’s amount in the organization) it will be measured too.With the application of suitable model, we can understand that which one of the under consideration organizations had had the relative efficiency in production of social capital and also what is the cause of organization’s success’s lack which does not have the suitable efficiency in social capital production.
Performance evaluation of adaptive bit interleaved coded modulation in OFDM with various fading channels

2 Abstract: Bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) is a flexible modulation/coding scheme which allows the designer to choose a modulation constellation independently of the coding rate. This is because the output of the channel encoder and the input to the modulator are separated by a bit-level interleaver. In order to increase spectral efficiency, BICM can be combined with high-order modulation schemes such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) or phase shift keying techniques. BICM is particularly well suited for fading channels, and it only introduces a small penalty in terms of channel capacity when compared to the coded modulation capacity for both additive white Gaussian noise and fading channels. In this paper an adaptive BICM technique is proposed and modelled with one of the modulation schemes in OFDM and verified with various channel models. The results pertaining to these studies are mentioned. It is evident that the proposed ABICM is validated for the channel models.
Interactive comment on “ Iron budgets for three distinct biogeochemical sites around the Kerguelen archipelago ( Southern Ocean ) during the natural fertilisation experiment KEOPS-2 ” by A

line 7: introduce the term new here, so that it is clear below which supplies are considered new, and which are not. We have changed the sentence to: “Iron supply from ‘new’ sources (diffusion, upwelling, entrainment, lateral advection, atmospheric dust) to surface waters of the plume was double that above the plateau and 20 times greater than at the reference site, whilst iron demand (measured by cellular uptake) in the plume was similar to the plateau but 40 times greater than the reference. ”
REGIONAL PER CAPITA INCOME INEQUALITY REDUCTION IN BRAZIL FROM 1995 TO 2005 : LABOR PRODUCTIVITY CONVERGENCE OR PUBLIC INCOME TRANSFERENCES ?

The work uses both macro and micro data to analyze the forces explaining Brazilian regional per capita income inequality reduction from 1995 to 2005. The results point out that both labor productivity convergence (neoclassical argument) and public federal nonspatial policies, mainly minimum-salary growth and income transference programs, do have a role in explaining regional inequality reduction during the period. More specifically, it is shown that income transference and the minimum-salary growth explain, respectively, 17.4% and 21% of Brazilian regional per capita income inequality reduction from 1995 to 2005. The general conclusion, thus, it that both public federal non-spatial public policies and, mainly, labor productivity convergence explain Brazilian regional per capita inequality reduction from 1995 to 2005. Key-words: convergence, labor productivity, income transference. Código JEL: R11, R12. Área 9 – Economia Regional e Urbana Regional per capita Income Inequality Reduction in Brazil from 1995 to 2005: Labor Productivity Convergence or Public Income Transferences?
Design and implementation of a cognitive radio based emergency sensor network in disaster area (ソフトウェア無線)

Emergency communication systems are set to perform efficient rescue operations after disasters. Wire- less communications is the only choice for these networks. After a natural disaster like earthquake in a metropolitan area, rescue operations must be quick and collaborative. Rescue teams setup their own emergency networks ur- gently. Checking the availability of the wireless channels in the disaster area is a time consuming and inconvenient solution. A spectrum sensing network that can detect the location and frequency of active emergency radio emitters in the disaster area can be helpful to avoid the interference among the rescue teams. This study discusses about
Efficiency Enhancement of Si Solar Cells by Using Nanostructured Single and Double Layer Anti-Reflective Coatings

The effect of single and double-layer anti-reflective coatings on efficiency enhancement of silicon solar cells was investigated. The reflectance of different anti-reflection structures were calculated using the transfer matrix method and then to predict the performance of solar cells coated by these structures, the weighted average reflectance curves were used as an input of a PC1D simulation. In contrast to the single-layer anti-reflection coating that has not significant contribution to efficiency enhancement, the double-layer was obtained to be practical to improve the efficiency of Si solar cells. Considerable enhancement in the conversion efficiency (Eff) and short-circuit current density (Jsc) were obtained for TiO2/ SiO2 doublelayer anti-reflective coating.
Self-anisotropizing inflationary universe in Horndeski theory and beyond

As opposed to Wald's cosmic no-hair theorem in general relativity, it is shown that the Horndeski theory (and its generalization) admits anisotropic inflationary attractors if the Lagrangian depends cubically on the second derivatives of the scalar field. We dub such a solution as a self-anisotropizing inflationary universe because anisotropic inflation can occur without introducing any anisotropic matter fields such as a vector field. As a concrete example of self-anisotropization we present the dynamics of a Bianchi type-I universe in the Horndeski theory.
Comparison of manual and automated methods for identifying target sounds in audio recordings of Pileated, Pale-billed, and putative Ivory-billed woodpeckers

Although offering many benefits over manual recording and survey techniques for avian field studies, automated sound recording systems produce large datasets that must be carefully examined to locate sounds of interest. We compared two methods for locating target sounds in continuous sound recordings: (1) a manual method using computer software to provide a visual representation of the recording as a sound spectrogram and (2) an automated method using sound analysis software preprogrammed to identify specific target sounds. For both methods, we examined the time required to process a 24-h recording, scanning accuracy, and scanning comprehensiveness using four different target sounds of Pileated Woodpeckers {Dryocopus pileatus), Pale billed Woodpeckers {Campephilus guatemalensis), and putative Ivory-billed Woodpeckers {Campehilusprincipalis). We collected recordings from the bottomland forests of Florida and the Neotropical dry forests of Costa Rica, and compared manual versus automated cross-correlation scanning techniques. The automated scanning method required less time to process sound recordings, but made more false positive identifications and was less comprehensive than the manual method, identifying significantly fewer target sounds. Although the automated scanning method offers a fast and economic alternative to traditional manual efforts, our results indicate that manual scanning is best for studies requiring an accurate account of temporal patterns in call frequency and for those involving birds with low vocalization rates.
Improving Classification by Feature Discretization and Optimization for fNIRS-based BCI

In this paper, we present a signal discretization and feature selection method to improve classification accuracy for fNIRS based brain computer interface (BCI) system, which can classifiy right hand clench force motor imagery and clench speed motor imagery at an accuracy of 69%-81% through 5 fold cross validation in 6 subjects. Difference between oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin (we abbreviate this difference as HbD) is proposed as a new feature type and shows outstanding performance in some subjects. Linear kernal support vector machine (SVM) classification between clench force motor imagery and clench speed motor imagery using four concentration feature types (oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, totalhemoglobin, and HbD) is implemented. Our results demonstrate that feature discretization using Chi2 algorighm and feature optimization using ‘MIFS’ (Mutual Information Feature Selection) criterion can improve the classification accuracy by more than 35%. Except total hemoglobin, all the other three feature types can be used as the optimum feature for different subjects. The results of this paper can also be used in online BCI applications.
Financial interaction analysis using best-fitted probability distribution

This paper explores the statistical method to best-fit probability distributions onto data of variables and subsequently performs analysis using the derived distributions. These distributions would represent the characteristics of the variable data. By employing Monte Carlo simulation on the derived distributions to generate values and imputing them into a model or formula that defines the interaction between the variables, we obtain the outcome of their interactions. An example of performing such an analysis onto the US treasury, and subsequently a hypothetical portfolio is included.
Molecular characterization of parental lines of post-rainy sorghum using simple sequence repeat markers

Heterosis is related to genetic diversity among the parental lines, which is considered to be important for the development of superior hybrids. The objective of this study was to characterize 145 genotypes of post-rainy sorghum comprising of 40 maintainer and 105 restorer lines using 46 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and assess the extent of genetic diversity among them. Among the 244 polymorphic alleles, 164 (67.21%) were common to both maintainer and restorer lines while 24 (9.84%) and 56 (22.95%) were unique to maintainer and restorer lines, respectively. Average relative gene diversity was 0.35 within maintainer lines, 0.32 within restorer lines, and 0.33 between these two groups. The cluster analysis following the UPGMA algorithm grouped the genotypes into four major clusters with an average similarity of 53%. Intermingling of maintainer and restorer groups was observed and more than 50% of the maintainer lines were grouped closer to restorer lines. The lines AKRB302, AKRB306, AKRB307, AKRB311, AKRB318, AKRB324, AKRB354, AKRB388, AKRB413 and SLR43 were distinct among the restorers with minimum similarity. These restorer lines along with the set of male sterile lines corresponding to the maintainer lines identified in this study could be employed in hybrid development. Even though diverse restorers were identified for exploitation in hybrid development, the study clearly exposes the narrow genetic base of the parental lines of post-rainy sorghum, underlining the need to use parental lines from a broader gene pool for the development of heterotic hybrids suited for the post - rainy situation.