Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A numerical study on the flow through a plane symmetric sudden expansion with a fence viewed as a diffuser

The numerical analysis and performance simulation of a sudden expansion with fence viewed as a diffuser are presented in this paper. SIMPLE algorithm is used to solve two-dimensional steady differential equations for conservation of mass and momentum. The Reynolds number is in the range of 20 to 100 and fence subtended angle (FSA) between 10° to 30°. The location of fence from throat varies from 0.2 to 2.6. An aspect ratio for all computations is taken to be 2. The effect of each variable on average static pressure, diffuser effectiveness, distance of maximum static pressure rise and average stagnation pressure have been studied in detail, and comparisons are made with respect to simple sudden expansion without fence. It is revealed from the computation for lower Reynolds number regime that the effectiveness with fence offers benefit depending on the positioning of the fence and fence subtended angle. Fence at any location always offers benefit at relatively higher Reynolds number at any value of fence subtended angle. Fence subtended angle and location of fence have no appreciable impact on distance of maximum static pressure rise from throat and average stagnation pressure drop at a particular value of Reynolds number.
Vaccination of mice with γ‐irradiated Schistosoma japonicum cercariae

γ‐irradiated cercarial vaccines induce high levels of protection in mice against Schistosoma mansoni infection, however, the same has not been well established for S. japonicum. Here we describe vaccination studies in mice with γ‐irradiated S. japonicum cercariae testing the effectiveness of different irradiation doses, number of vaccinations, and mouse strains. In CBA/Ca mice, a single percutaneous exposure to 500 S. japonicum cercariae previously attenuated by 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 krad γ‐irradiation induced significant, but comparable levels of protection (34–46%) against challenge infection. In a repeat experiment in C57Bl/6 mice, only groups vaccinated with 10 or 20 krad γ‐irradiated cercariae showed statistically significant, but lower levels of resistance (20–24%). Multiple vaccination of CBA/Ca mice with 500 20 krad γ‐irradiated cercariae did not improve the resistance level (40%). Analysis of IgG responses showed no clear correlation between antibody levels and levels of protection. Western blot analysis suggested that recognition of a 200‐kDa antigen might be correlated with protection, that antigens of 42 and 50 kDa may be involved in the protection induced by single vaccination, but that different antigens might be protective in single vs multiple vaccinations. Sera from mice vaccinated with γ‐irradiated cercariae recognized many fewer antigens than more protective sera from mice vaccinated with UV‐attenuated cercariae. These results suggest that the mouse may not be a suitable host for studies involving γ‐irradiated S. japonicum vaccines.
Minimising Impact of Wire Resistance in Low-Power Crossbar Array Write Scheme

This paper presents a circuit level analysis of write operation in memristor crossbar memory array with and without line resistance. Three write schemes: floating line, V/2 and V/3 are investigated. Analysis shows that floating line scheme could also be considered reliable in arrays with aspect ratio of 1:1 and negligible line resistance just like the latter two schemes. Further analysis also shows that high density crossbar structures cannot be designed using any of the three schemes with worst case line resistance and data distribution within the array. To solve this problem, we propose a voltage compensating technique for write voltage degradation caused by line resistance during write operation on crossbar array. This technique is able to enhance write voltage in the presence of worst case line resistance and thus enable the design of higher density and reliable crossbar array. Keywords– memristor, write operation, line resistance, crossbar array OPEN ACCESS: Readers can read, redistribute and reuse the articles for free, as long as they cite the publication details properly and do not use for any commercial purposes.
A Comparative study of various approaches used for the classification of Hyperspectral Satellite Imagery

Hyperspectral image classification plays a vital role in today’s era. Identifying the suitable classifier and dimensionality reduction method is a chronic task for the Hyperspectral Image Classification on par with high accuracy and reliability. Image classification using multiple classifier system has been said to be evolving method for improving the accuracy and the reliability. The problems that were faced for identifying the right classifiers and their impact on the computational time and accuracy were reviewed through several papers. Although the multiple classifier system outperforms the support vector machine in all aspects and also it has its own problem of choosing the exact classifier during classification. A Hybrid intelligent system based on the multiple classifier system has been proposed in order to solve the problems that persist in diversity of classifiers and also to determine the number of classifiers that can be used in, related to the image pixel in the classification of Hyperspectral Image.
Quantification of Alpha Rhythm Desynchronization Using the Acceleration Spectrum Entropy of the EEG

Desynchronization of the alpha rhythm is usually quantified as a loss of power in the alpha band. In this study we describe an alternative approach where desynchronization is characterized as an increase in the irregularity of the EEG signal. A new measure, the acceleration spectrum entropy (ASE), is used to quantify EEG irregularity. The ASE is the normalized information entropy of the amplitude spectrum of the second derivative of a time series. The ASE is a measure of the randomness or irregularity of a time series and ranges from 0 (straight line) to 100 (discrete random signal). The ASE was calculated for short EEG epochs under eyes closed and eyes open conditions in 15 subjects. There was a significant increase in ASE in the eyes open condition, reflecting an increase in EEG complexity. The ASE is a sensitive measure of EEG desynchronization.
Data Optimization Techniques using Bloom Filter in Big Data

to the advent of new technologies, devices, and communication means like social networking sites, the amount of data produced by mankind is growing rapidly every year. Traditional computing techniques are not enough to process that much large amount of data. Hadoop is a bunch of technology & have capacity to store large amount of data on Data nodes. Hadoop uses MapReduce algorithm to process and analyze large scale datasets over large clusters. MapReduce is essential for Big Data processing. This algorithm divides the task into small parts and assigns those parts to many computers connected over the network, and collects the results to form the final result dataset. Bloom filter technique is probabilistic data model which is used to make processing of data more efficient. Implementation of this filter with mapper can reduce the amount of data travel. In this paper we implemented Bloom filter in Hadoop architecture. This help to reduce network traffic over network which save bandwidth as well as data storage. KeywordsData, Hadoop, MapReduce, Bloom filter.
p53 expression and prognosis in gastric carcinoma

Abnormalities of the p53 gene have been identified in many malignancies, with reports of aberration in over half of colorectal, lung, breast and hepatocellular carcinoma cases. The normal gene acts as a recessive oncogene, while mutations change the apparent function to that of a dominant oncogene.
Changes in respiration in NREM sleep in hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Sleep hypoventilation is common in hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may contribute to daytime hypercapnia. The contributions of respiratory drive and respiratory mechanics to alterations in minute ventilation (V̇I) during sleep in this group have not been assessed. We assessed V̇I, breathing pattern, upper airway and total lung resistance (UAR, RL), intraoesohageal diaphragmatic EMG (EMGoes), intrinsic positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEPi), dynamic compliance (Cdyn), pressure–time product of oesophageal pressure (PTPoes), tension–time index of the diaphragm (TTIdi), end‐expiratory lung volume (EELV) and respiratory drive (assessed as the slope of Poesversus time in the isovolumetric interval before PEEPi is overcome). Measurements were made in wakefulness and non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, on 76%N2/24%O2 and on 76%He/24%O2 (heliox). Satisfactory data for analysis were obtained in 10 patients; five had measurements on heliox. V̇I fell from (mean (s.e.m.)) 8.84(0.46) to 6.64(0.91 l min−1, P= 0.011) between wakefulness and stage II sleep, due to a fall in tidal volume. No changes were seen in PEEPi, Cdyn, EELV, PTPoes, TTIdi, EMGoes or respiratory drive. UAR increased (3.11(0.8) to 10.24(2.96) cmH2O l−1 s (P= 0.013) but RL was unchanged. UAR was reduced on heliox (5.20(1.67) to 3.45(1.35) cmH2O l−1 s, P= 0.049) but V̇I during sleep did not increase. PTPoes (350.2(51.0) to 259.4(46.3) cmH2O s min−1, P= 0.016), TTIdi (0.13(0.02) to 0.10(0.02) P= 0.04), and respiratory drive (20.48(4.69) to 15.02(4.57) cmH2O s−1, P= 0.01) were all reduced. This suggests respiratory drive alters to maintain a preset V̇I in sleep, irrespective of load, at least while the fatigue threshold of respiratory muscles is not exceeded.
Multispectral palmprint recognition methodology based on multiscale representation

Abstract. The increasing demand to develop a palmprint biometric system with a low-error rate has prompted scientists to use multispectral imaging to overcome the limits of the techniques that act in visible light. In order to improve the accuracy of multispectral palmprint recognition, we explore two level fusions: pixel and the feature level fusion approaches. The former is based on a maximum selection rule, which combines discriminating information from different spectral bands of discrete wavelet transform of multispectral images. The latter operates the fusion of features extracted from subimages. We propose to use both approaches for statistical and energy distribution analysis of the finite ridgelet transform coefficients, for the sake of their simplicity and low-computational complexity. Once the feature vectors are obtained, we perform a robust classification to identify/verify individuals with both approaches. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is evaluated on several classifiers for binary and multiclass cases. The experimental results conducted on Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation and Hong Kong Polytechnic University databases show that the proposed approaches ensure, respectively, an accuracy rate of 100% and 99.79%. A comparative study has revealed that our approach outperforms or at least equals the performances of the state-of-the-art multispectral palmprint recognition methods.
The active audience, again: Player-centric game studies and the problem of binarism

This article intervenes in video game studies’ recent turn to (and enthusiasm for) player-centered approaches to understanding video games’ social, cultural, political, and economic implications. Such approaches repudiate ostensibly formalist or ‘structural’ game studies and insist that analyses of gaming situations emphasize ways in which gaming subjects’ playful acts of appropriation or subversion allow those subjects to resist complete determination by game-structures and act ultimately as arbiters of a video game’s meaning, utility, or effectivity. The author demonstrates how player-centered discourses in video game studies participate in a rich history of ‘active audience’ research in media and cultural studies. Arguing that research on player practices does not completely escape the forms of reductionism it sets out to avoid, the author offers additional conceptual tools for engaging the complexity of contemporary gaming situations. The article concludes with a discussion of ways in which one such situation − gold farming − might be examined as an assemblage through an approach that responds to this complexity and avoids a particularly constraining model of agency inherent in player-centric game studies.
Language roulette – the effect of random placement on refugees’ labour market integration

ABSTRACT Placement of refugees and subsequent labour market integration within a host country represents a key challenge for policymakers and has emerged as one of the most divisive topics in the public debate. Immigration policy in Switzerland adopts random placement of asylum seekers across its different language regions. Hence, this policy allows to estimate the causal effect of language skills on employment chances, as refugees are exogenously placed across regions where the spoken language could either match or deviate from individual language skills. The results of this ‘natural experiment’ indicate substantially higher probabilities of finding employment when asylum seekers are placed in regions with a lingua franca that matches their individual language skills. Additionally, the findings suggest that language course participation can offset the reduced likelihood of employment in cases of a language mismatch. While random placement of refugees may be desirable for political reasons, it is detrimental to the economic integration process. Thereby, the study draws relevant conclusions for a larger European immigration policy.
Estimation of tensors and tensor‐derived measures in diffusional kurtosis imaging

This article presents two related advancements to the diffusional kurtosis imaging estimation framework to increase its robustness to noise, motion, and imaging artifacts. The first advancement substantially improves the estimation of diffusion and kurtosis tensors parameterizing the diffusional kurtosis imaging model. Rather than utilizing conventional unconstrained least squares methods, the tensor estimation problem is formulated as linearly constrained linear least squares, where the constraints ensure physically and/or biologically plausible tensor estimates. The exact solution to the constrained problem is found via convex quadratic programming methods or, alternatively, an approximate solution is determined through a fast heuristic algorithm. The computationally more demanding quadratic programming‐based method is more flexible, allowing for an arbitrary number of diffusion weightings and different gradient sets for each diffusion weighting. The heuristic algorithm is suitable for real‐time settings such as on clinical scanners, where run time is crucial. The advantage offered by the proposed constrained algorithms is demonstrated using in vivo human brain images. The proposed constrained methods allow for shorter scan times and/or higher spatial resolution for a given fidelity of the diffusional kurtosis imaging parametric maps. The second advancement increases the efficiency and accuracy of the estimation of mean and radial kurtoses by applying exact closed‐form formulae. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does Whole-Body Hypothermia in Neonates with Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy Affect Surfactant Disaturated-Phosphatidylcholine Kinetics?

Background It is unknown whether Whole-Body Hypothermia (WBH) affects pulmonary function. In vitro studies, at relatively low temperatures, suggest that hypothermia may induce significant changes to the surfactant composition. The effect of WBH on surfactant kinetics in newborn infants is unknown. We studied in vivo kinetics of disaturated-phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) in asphyxiated newborns during WBH and in normothermic controls (NTC) with no or mild asphyxia. Both groups presented no clinically apparent lung disease. Methods Twenty-seven term or near term newborns requiring mechanical ventilation were studied (GA 38.6±2.2 wks). Fifteen during WBH and twelve NTC. All infants received an intra-tracheal dose of 13C labelled DSPC and tracheal aspirate were performed. DSPC amount, DSPC half-life (HL) and pool size (PS) were calculated. Results DSPC amount in tracheal aspirates was 0.42 [0.22–0.54] and 0.36 [0.10–0.58] mg/ml in WBH and NTC respectively (p = 0.578). DSPC HL was 24.9 [15.7–52.5] and 25.3 [15.8–59.3] h (p = 0.733) and DSPC PS was 53.2 [29.4–91.6] and 40.2 [29.8–64.6] mg/kg (p = 0.598) in WBH and NTC respectively. Conclusions WBH does not alter DSPC HL and PS in newborn infants with no clinical apparent lung disease.
E-business implementation and performance: analysis of mediating factors

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of e-business implementation (in terms of internal integration and external diffusion) on organizational performance through the mediating effects of differentiation, enterprise agility, customer relationship development and partner attraction. Design/methodology/approach – A survey of franchisors was conducted across the USA and Spain. Before running the model, the paper tests for measurement invariance across the two country samples. The paper uses structural equation modeling to test the conceptual model. Findings – The results of the measurement invariance suggest that all the constructs supported this characteristic, except for internal integration. External diffusion leads to differentiation, enterprise agility, relationship development and partner attraction for American and Spanish firms. However, internal integration has no impact on any outcome in the USA while, for Spanish firms, it has a positive and direct effect on economic perform.
Activation of transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1 and their relations with apoptosis associated-proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIM To study the distribution pattern of transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1 and their relations with the expression of apoptosis associated-proteins Fas/FasL and ICH-1L/S in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We performed in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques for NF-kappaB, AP-1, Fas/FasL and ICH-1 in 40 cases of human HCC along with corresponding nontumoral tissues and 7 cases of normal liver tissues. RESULTS Twenty-two (55%) and 25 (62.5%) of 40 cases for NF-kappaB and AP-1 were presented for nuclear or both nuclear and cytoplastic staining respectively, while less cases were presented for only cytoplastic staining for NF-kappaB (18%) and AP-1 (10%) in adjacent nontumoral tissues and negative staining in normal liver tissues. There was no statistically significant difference of NF-kappaB or AP-1 activation between well differentiated tumors and poorly differentiated tumors (P>0.05). NF-kappaB activity is positively corresponded to AP-1 activation. The expression of ICH-1L/S was associated with the activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 (P<0.05), but no significant relationship was found between Fas/FasL and NF-kappaB or AP-1(P>0.05). CONCLUSION Activation of both NF-kappaB and AP-1 may be required for ICH-1L/S-induced apoptosis in HCC, but not for Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis. NF-kappaB and AP-1 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of human HCC.
Blocking Complex Contagions Using Community Structure

Blocking the propagation of contagions in populations has many applications, such as stopping the dissemination of leaked information and impeding the spread of an ideology or opinion. Several methods exist for blocking contagions by removing key or critical nodes from a network representation of a population. Some methods, based on network topology alone, run very fast, but their performance can be inferior to slower-running blocking methods that also take into account contagion dynamics. Further, most works focus on simple contagions, where a node can contract a contagion from one neighbor. In contrast, complex contagions propagate via interactions with two or more neighbors possessing a contagion. Little work has been done on blocking complex contagions. We present an approach for selecting critical nodes for simple and complex contagions. In selecting critical nodes, our hybrid method uses topology-only information and thereafter couples those results with information about contagion dynamics. We evaluate our method using three different kinds of social networks from the literature.
Determinants of physician confidence in the primary care management of musculoskeletal disorders.

OBJECTIVE To examine the determinants of confidence in managing musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders among primary care physicians. METHOD A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to a stratified (by urban/rural location) random sample of 798 Ontario primary care physicians who were members of the College of Family Physicians of Canada. Two mailings and a reminder postcard were used to increase response. As the main outcome measure, confidence was measured on a 10 point Likert-type scale. RESULTS The overall response rate was 68.3%. Most respondents were practising in a full time group setting; their average age was 40.3 years. Respondents were significantly more confident in performing a comprehensive cardiovascular examination than a MSK examination. Highest levels of confidence were observed for using nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and managing common MSK disorders. Lower scores were reported for doing a joint injection/aspiration. Rural physicians were more confident than urban physicians in doing a joint injection/aspiration and monitoring patients who were taking disease modifying agents. Previous continuing medical education (CME) was significantly (p < 0.01) related to all confidence outcomes using multiple regression analysis. For many outcomes, men reported higher confidence scores than women after adjustment for various demographic characteristics. CONCLUSION CME may be the most important and modifiable variable to improve physician management of MSK disorders.
Structural test in a board self test environment

In this paper, a novel technique for the verification of board level connections on PCBs is presented. The time domain method is used to identify whether a pin connection is faulty or not. The test pulse and evaluation circuitry are part of the chip. Although the chip size increases slightly, the method is highly efficient. No ATE is necessary to carry out the test and since only the physical behaviour of the connection from the internal driver via pin to board is examined, no test vectors are needed. The test time and the test preparation time are lower compared with conventional test methods.
Site-dependent differences in response of the UV-2237 murine fibrosarcoma to systemic therapy with adriamycin.

Murine fibrosarcoma UV-2237MM cells were implanted into different organs of syngeneic C3H/HeN mice. The resultant tumors were treated by i.v. administration of Adriamycin (ADR). Despite the high sensitivity of the fibrosarcoma cells to ADR in vitro, the established tumors growing in vivo exhibited marked differences in their responses to ADR. Tumors growing in the subcutis and the spleen were ADR-sensitive, whereas lung metastases were not. The resistance of lung metastases to ADR was not due to selection of a drug-resistant population since tumor cells isolated from lung metastases were highly sensitive to ADR under in vitro conditions. The responsiveness of skin and spleen tumors to ADR was due neither to increased blood supply nor to preferential accumulation of ADR, since both parameters were higher in lung metastases. Protein kinase C activity levels correlated with ADR resistance in the closely related murine fibrosarcoma cell line UV-2237 and its ADR-selected multidrug-resistant variants. However, nearly identical levels of protein kinase C activity were found in UV-2237MM tumors growing in the lung, spleen, and subcutis, indicating that protein kinase C activity levels did not account for the different responses to ADR. The present studies suggest that the organ environment influences the response of UV-2237MM to ADR administered systemically. This finding may have implications for the design of animal models for therapy of disseminated cancer.