Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon transport by the Lena River from its headwaters to the Arctic Ocean, with emphasis on fluvial input of terrestrial particulate organic carbon vs. carbon transport by coastal erosion

Abstract. The Lena River integrates biogeochemical signals from its vast drainage basin, and the integrated signal reaches far out over the Arctic Ocean. Transformation of riverine organic carbon (OC) into mineral carbon, and mineral carbon into the organic form in the Lena River watershed, can be considered to be quasi-steady-state processes. An increase in Lena discharge exerts opposite effects on total organic (TOC) and total inorganic (TCO2) carbon: TOC concentration increases, while TCO2 concentration decreases. Significant inter-annual variability in mean values of TCO2, TOC, and their sum (total carbon, TC) has been found. This variability is determined by changes in land hydrology which cause differences in the Lena River discharge. There is a negative correlation in the Lena River between TC in September and its mean discharge in August; a time shift of about one month is required for water to travel from Yakutsk to the Laptev Sea. Total carbon entering the sea with the Lena discharge is estimated to be almost 10 Tg C yr−1. The annual Lena River discharge of particulate organic carbon (POC) can be as high as 0.38 Tg (moderate to high estimate). If we instead accept Lisytsin's (1994) statement that 85–95 % of total particulate matter (PM) (and POC) precipitates on the marginal "filter", then only about 0.03–0.04 Tg of Lena River POC reaches the Laptev Sea. The Lena's POC export would then be two orders of magnitude less than the annual input of eroded terrestrial carbon onto the shelf of the Laptev and East Siberian seas, which is estimated to be about 4 Tg. Observations support the hypothesis of a dominant role for coastal erosion (Semiletov, 1999a, b) in East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) sedimentation and the dynamics of the carbon/carbonate system. The Lena River is characterized by relatively high concentrations of the primary greenhouse gases, dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). During all seasons the river is supersaturated in CO2 compared to the atmosphere, by up to 1.5–2 fold in summer, and 4–5 fold in winter. This results in a significant CO2 supersaturation in the adjacent coastal sea. Localized areas of dissolved CH4 along the Lena River and in the Lena delta channels may reach 100 nM, but the CH4 concentration decreases to 5–20 nM towards the sea, which suggests that riverborne export of CH4 plays but a minor role in determining the ESAS CH4 budget in coastal waters. Instead, the seabed appears to be the source that provides most of the CH4 to the Arctic Ocean.
THEORETICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE UTILIZATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITES

In the past 10 years, the internet has been transformed, along with the emergence of interaction and communication technologies. Indeed, there has been an emerging movement in the interaction and communication technologies. More specifically, the growth of Web 2.0 technologies has acted as a catalyst for change in the disciplines of education. The social networking websites have gained popularity in recent years; therefore, many research studies have been conducted to explain how the use of social networking websites for instructional purposes. For the best practices, it is essential to understand theories associated with social networking studies because related theories for any subject may provide insights and guideline for professionals and researchers. This theoretical paper was designed to offer a road map through the literature in relation to the utilization of social networking websites by presenting main understandings of theories associated with social networking. The Uses and Gratification Theory, social network theory, connectives, and constructivism were selected to serve as a basis for designing social networking studies regarding instructional purposes. Moreover, common attributes of the theories and specific application areas were also discussed. This paper contributes to this emerging movement by explaining the role of these theories for researchers and practitioners to find ways to beneficially integrate them into their future research endeavors.
MASCULINISM IN NOVEL FIFTY SHADES OF GREY: A CULTURAL STUDY

In the modern age, there are many media to serve entertainment. One of the media is novel. Novel is the object material for this research study. This research analyzes about masculinism in Novel Fifty Shades of Grey . It analyzes focus in masculinism that happen in American Culture related Novel Fifty Shades of Grey . The aim of this research is to analyze the existence of masculinism in American Culture. A Cultural Study is chosen by the researcher in order to analyze the research problems. The research method applied is descriptive qualitative research and popular literature theory. The source of the data are taken from Novel Fifty Shades of Grey , books, articles, webs, and journals that related with the analysis of the masculinism in American Culture as study of culture. The technique of collecting data is by using document technique. The techniques of analyzing data are content or document analysis. Fifty Shades of Grey is a romance novel that contains complicated relationship between main characters. The plot of masculinism novel always makes a man has more power toward woman. The popularity of masculinism novel is influenced by masculinism practice in the Culture. Masculinism in modern age still exists in society in difference ways that masculinism is exist in American Culture by the peoples think, make and do. The purposes of the masculinism practices are not only to show care, interest and loves but alsoforce man’s desire and isolate their woman from public. This research uses theory of masculinism which masculinism is a system of interrelated social structures which allow men to exploit women. The result of the research is masculinism still exist in American Culture.
Design in a changing , connected world 1

1 The paper was originally presented at the 11th P&D Design, organized by the Graduate Programs of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Uniritter and Unisinos University, and held at Gramado (RS, Brazil), September 29 – October 2, 2014. The paper largely refers to the book Design when everybody designs. An introduction to design for social innovation (Manzini, 2015). One of the most obvious things people can do today is talk about change. Although it is an overused expression, we cannot escape from it. The change I am talking about here is driven by two main forces: the spread of higher levels of connectivity and the growing evidence of the limits of the Planet. Both these drivers of change impact on every aspect of our societies, from the way we produce, to the one we live our everyday life, to the one the same societies are managed. In this dynamic environment design is obviously changing too. When, several years ago, I started to deal with design, there was only a small group of people talking about it and its role in conceiving and developing industrial products. Now, many people discuss design and most frequently adopt a design approach in facing very diverse problems in equally diverse fields. At the same time, as it always happens when a word is successful, the discussion about it presents several ambiguities and misunderstandings. Considering that, with this presentation I intend to propose some reflections on contemporary design: what it is and what its theory and the practice is becoming.
Increasing Breeding without Breeding (BwB) Efficiency: Full- vs. Partial-Pedigree Reconstruction in Lodgepole Pine

Forest tree breeding is a long-term endeavor often adopting the recurrent selection scheme [1] where hundreds of parents are rigorously tested through the performance of several thousands of their offspring planted over vast geographic territories known as breeding zones [2]. Parental ranking, for forward selection, is often based on offspring’s performance which is followed by the selection of elite genotypes for either new rounds of breeding (matings, testing, and selection) or the establishment of production populations (a.k.a., seed orchards) [3]. Breeding and testing are the most costly and time consuming aspects of tree breeding. Breeding is done following one of the established mating designs to generated “structured” pedigree (halfand full-sib families) needed for genetic parameters (e.g., traits’ heritabilities and correlations, and parents and offspring’s breeding values) estimation [4]. The creation of structured pedigree is meticulous work requiring great care and often takes multiple years to complete owing to the large number of parents and the required numerous crosses. Completion of the breeding phase is often delayed by fertility and phenological differences among the breeding parents [5]. The authenticity of the resulting offspring affects the accuracy of the generated genetic parameters and ultimately the attained genetic gain; unfortunately, this process is never error-free [6,7].
The Impact of National Context Effects on HRM Practices in Russian Subsidiaries of Western MNCs

ABSTRACT This article contributes to the research on comparative human resource management by providing a model of the Russian business system and its effect on human resource management practices at Russian subsidiaries of Western multinational companies. Whitley’s approach was adopted to illustrate the links between institutional arenas, business systems, and human resource management practices. The empirical part is based on interviews with senior human resources managers of Western multinational companies operating in Russia. The findings provide insight into the interaction between the national business system and human resource management practices in Russia.
Generation Of Knowledge Into Conception Of Cultural Pragmatizm And Its Influence On International Business

To study the phenomenon of cultural difference and diversity and to establish its influence on efficiency of the international business is the most important problem. The present problem occupies a wide space in the theory and practice of management of the international companies. Within last periods many scientific studies were dedicated to research of the present problem. Despite this, the theories existing in this sphere, as a rule, are limited with specifying the influence of cultural determinants on the international business. Along with this, the present problem has many aspects and to understand how the managers turn the process of transformation of the knowledge on culture into a competitive advantage of a company, it is necessary to establish new approaches in the existing theory of management. The present article, based on the analysis and generalization of the theoretical approaches existing in the field of influence of the cultural relations on the international business, substantiates the need for passing from the statistical measurement of culture to dynamic construction – “perception prism” of the reality, which is used by its carrier to form the fundamentals of unified codification of knowledge. The paper presents a new conceptual model, gives possibility to assess theoretical relevance and practical application of the suggested approaches.
Post-fire resprouting strategies of woody vegetation in the Brazilian savanna

Post-fi re response by vegetation may refl ect the severity of the damage suff ered, but we still know little about the species-specifi c nature of responses to fi re or their predictors. Here, we evaluated 26 woody species before and after a fi re event in an Cerrado sensu stricto area (typical Brazilian savanna-type) in order to evaluate mortality rates and the type of resprouting (epigeal, hypogeal or epigeal + hypogeal). We evaluated the relative importance of stem diameter, height, and bark thickness as predictors of the type of post-fi re resprouting, using a sequential logistic regression model (SLRM). Mortality was 4 %, while epigeal resprouting was recorded in 57 % of the individuals, hypogeal resprouting was recorded in 24 %, and epigeal + hypogeal resprouting in 15 %. Our SLRM analysis indicated that bark thickness, followed by stem diameter, were the best predictors of the type of resprouting. Th ere was a greater than 60 % probability that individuals with bark thicker than 1.6 cm resprouted only epigeally. Our results confi rm the resistance (low mortality) and resilience (high resprouting capacity) of the woody vegetation of the Cerrado sensu stricto to fi re, and that thick bark is an eff ective protection against fi re damage.
Managing the moderation of school-based assessment at Grade 12 level in Gauteng

In 2000, the National Minister of Education mandated the inclusion of school-based assessment (SBA) as a component of the Senior Certificate (Grade 12) assessment. This study examines how managing the moderation of SBA could improve the quality of assessment at Grade 12 level. The literature study elucidates the underlying dimensions of managing SBA and the quantitative study investigates the perceptions of educators regarding these dimensions. The findings are consolidated into an enhanced model that calls for continuous moderation of assessment tasks at school level, based on the principles of systems theory. Die bestuur van moderering van skoolgebaseerde assessering op Graad 12-vlak in Gauteng Die Minister van Onderwys het in 2000 die insluiting van skoolgebaseerde assessering (SGA) as integrale komponent van die Nasionale Senior Sertifikaat op Graad 12-vlak deur wetgewing verpligtend gemaak. Hierdie navorsingsprojek poog om aan te toon hoe die bestuur van moderering die kwaliteit van assessering op Graad 12-vlak kan verbeter. Die literatuurstudie het die onderliggende dimensies van SGA uitgeklaar en ondersoek deur van 'n kwantitatiewe navorsingsontwerp gebruik te maak ten einde onderwysers se persepsies aangaande die onderhawige assesseringsdimensies te bepaal. Die bevindinge is vervat in die ontwerp van 'n unieke assesseringsmodel, gebaseer op die fundamentele kenmerke van stelselteorie, wat die effektiwiteit van kwaliteitsversekering en moderering van kontinue-assesseringstake sal bevorder.
Automatic Retinal Vessel Segmentation via Deeply Supervised and Smoothly Regularized Network

In recent years, retinal vessel segmentation technology has become an important component for disease screening and diagnosing in clinical medicine. However, retinal vessel segmentation is a challenging task due to complex distribution of blood vessels, relatively low contrast between target and background, and potential presence of illumination and pathologies. In this paper, we propose an automatic retinal vessel segmentation network using deep supervision and smoothness regularization, which integrates holistically-nested edge detector (HED) and global smoothness regularization from conditional random fields. It is an end-to-end and pixel-to-pixel deep convolutional network, can perform better results than HED-based methods and the methods where CRF inference is applied as a post-processing method. With co-constraints between pixels, the proposed DSSRN obtains better results. Finally, we show that our proposed method obtains the state-of-the-art vessel segmentation performance on all three benchmarks, DRIVE, STARE, and CHASE_DB1.
Matching Markets with N-Dimensional Preferences

Abstract. This paper analyzes matching markets where agent types are n-vectors of characteristics--i.e. points in R^n --and agents prefer matches that are closer to them according to a distance metric on this set (horizontal preferences). First, given a few assumptions, I show that in the Gale-Shapley stable matching in this environment, agents match to a linear function of their own type. I show that restrictions on preferences are not as onerous as they may seem, as a rich variety of preference structures can be mapped into the horizontal framework. With these results in hand, I develop a highly stylized model of an online dating platform that helps consumers find and contact potential matches, where consumers have preferences over many characteristics (e.g. height, income, age, etc.) and have the option to pay to join the platform or look for a match off the platform. I characterize the firm's optimal pricing strategy and the concomitant market outcomes for consumers. Finally, I address an unanswered question in the matching literature--can multidimensional preferences be aggregated (e.g. into a univariate measure of quality) without changing the salient features of the model? I find that, in the dating platform model I introduced, consumer preferences can be aggregated without any change to firm strategy or market outcomes, providing some justification for the univariate-type matching models prevalent in the theoretical matching literature.
ULTRA WIDE BAND RCS OPTIMIZATION OF MULTILAYERD CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES FOR ARBITRARILY POLARIZED INCIDENT PLANE WAVES

The addition theorems are applied to analyze the normal incidence of plane waves onto infinitely long conducting or dielectric circular cylinders with multilayer coatings made of common and uncommon materials (er ,µ r ,σ ) with the objective of minimization and maximization of radar cross-section (RCS). TE, TM and circular polarizations of the incident wave are considered. Optimization of RCS by the method of least squares leads to the determination of layer thicknesses and the material complex permittivities and permeabilities. A sensitivity analysis of RCS with respect to the geometrical and material parameters of the multilayer coated conducting cylinder is also performed. It is observed that broadband reduction of RCS is mostly achievable by a combination of conventional materials (er ,µ r > 1), and unconventional materials (0 0). It is seen that RCS reduction is due to the diversion and dissipation of radar signals. The results agree very well with the experimental and theoretical data available in the literature.
Kinematical data on early-type galaxies. VI

We present the result of spectroscopic observations of a sample of 73 galaxies, completing the database published in this series of articles. The sample contains mostly low-luminosity early-type objects, including four dwarfs of the Local Group (in particular, deep spectra of NGC 205), 15 dEs or dS0s in the Virgo cluster, and UGC 05442, a spheroidal dwarf of the M 81 group. We have measured the central velocity dispersion for all but one object, and determined the major-axis rotation and velocity-dispersion profiles for 59 objects. For the current sample of diffuse (or dwarf) elliptical galaxies, we have compared stellar rotation to velocity dispersion; the analysis suggests that these objects may be nearly rotationally flattened, and therefore that anisotropy may be less important than previously thought.
Determinacy of Interest Rate Rules with Bond Transaction Services in a Cashless Economy

Canzoneri and Diba (2004) show that the Taylor principle is not a panacea for equilibrium determinacy in a model where bonds and money provide liquidity services to households. We consider a cashless New Keynesian model with two types of government bonds. One bond provides transaction services, whereas the other is used only as a store of value. We show that the Taylor principle is still sacrosanct, and that the results of Leeper (1991) are confirmed.
High-Speed PM Generator for Optimized Sizing Based on Particle Swarm for Smart Grids

High-Speed, Permanent-Magnet (HSPM) types of micro genearators play an important role in power generation involving Smart Grids Applications. This paper illustrates the benefits of HSPM generators compared to the traditional Permanent Magnet (PM) synchronous machines which offer significant reduction in both weight and volume. An optimized analytical design is proposed and compared with the original machine design of a typical 500 kW output power at tip speed of 250 m/s. These two designs take into consideration multiple factors including classical sizing and problem formulation for optimizing efficiency with bounded constraints. A Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was formulated to optimize efficiency as an objective or fitness function and to minimize machine size as a nonlinear function with bounded parameter constraints. Particle swarm algorithms use population based on flocks of birds or insects swarming. The parameter variables used for this type of optimaztion consist of rotor length to diameter ratio, rotor radius, and stack length. It was determined that using the PSO algorithm in HSPMSG sizing is able solve constrained and unconstrained optimization problems. Test results including simulations using PSO Tool in Matlab showed significant improvement in machine design and performance. Furthermore, it was observed that the proposed technique has the advantage of limiting losses at higher frequencies with low weight/volume applications thus improving overall efficiency. Other system parameters such as power factor were also shown to improve as well. Finally, several analytical design problems with waveform variations, harmonics distortion, rotor losses, and effects of poles changing were provided to show the merit of the proposed optimization technique.
OPTIMIZATION OF NICKEL (II) AND CHROMIUM (III) REMOVAL FROM CONTAMINATED WATER USING SORGHUM BICOLOR

A central composite design (CCD) under the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effect of three adsorption variables (pH, initial concentration, and adsorbent dosage) in order to determine the optimum process conditions for the adsorptions of Ni (II) and Cr (III) onto sulphuric acid modified sorghum bicolor activated carbon (SBAC). This study yielded removal efficiency of 98.89 % for Ni (II) and 94.27 % for Cr (III) ion under optimal conditions of pH (8), initial metal ion concentration (25 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (10 mg) and pH (7), initial metal ion concentration (5 mg/L), dosage (15 mg);respectively. Statistical analysis of variance results showed a good correlation existed between the experimental and predicted data with R 2 values of 0.99 for Ni and 0.98 for Cr. The equilibrium data for Ni (II) adsorption was best described using Freundlich model while Langmuir model best fit Cr (III) adsorption. The mechanism of adsorption for both Ni and Cr adsorptions on SBAC followed Pseudo second order kinetic model. Â Â http://dx.doi. org/10.4314/njt.v36i3. 41
Identifying Decisive Features for Distinctive Analysis of Writings in Malayalam

This paper presents a writer identification scheme for Malayalam documents. As the accomplishment rate of a scheme is highly dependent on the features extracted from the documents, the process of feature selection and extraction is highly relevant. The paper describes a set of novel features exclusively for Malayalam language. The features were studied in detail which resulted in a comparative study of all the features. The features are fused to form the feature vector or knowledge vector. This knowledge vector is then used in all the phases of the writer identification scheme. The scheme has been tested on a test bed of 280 writers of which 50 writers having only one page, 215 writers with at least 2 pages and 15 writers with at least 4 pages. To perform a comparative evaluation of the scheme the test is conducted using WD-LBP method also. A recognition rate of around 95% was obtained for the proposed approach.