Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): The galaxy stellar mass function to $z=0.1$ from the r-band selected equatorial regions

We derive the low redshift galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF), inclusive of dust corrections, for the equatorial Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) dataset covering 180 deg$^2$. We construct the mass function using a density-corrected maximum volume method, using masses corrected for the impact of optically thick and thin dust. We explore the galactic bivariate brightness plane ($M_\star-\mu$), demonstrating that surface brightness effects do not systematically bias our mass function measurement above 10$^{7.5}$ M$_{\odot}$. The galaxy distribution in the $M-\mu$-plane appears well bounded, indicating that no substantial population of massive but diffuse or highly compact galaxies are systematically missed due to the GAMA selection criteria. The GSMF is {fit with} a double Schechter function, with $\mathcal M^\star=10^{10.78\pm0.01\pm0.20}M_\odot$, $\phi^\star_1=(2.93\pm0.40)\times10^{-3}h_{70}^3$Mpc$^{-3}$, $\alpha_1=-0.62\pm0.03\pm0.15$, $\phi^\star_2=(0.63\pm0.10)\times10^{-3}h_{70}^3$Mpc$^{-3}$, and $\alpha_2=-1.50\pm0.01\pm0.15$. We find the equivalent faint end slope as previously estimated using the GAMA-I sample, although we find a higher value of $\mathcal M^\star$. Using the full GAMA-II sample, we are able to fit the mass function to masses as low as $10^{7.5}$ $M_\odot$, and assess limits to $10^{6.5}$ $M_\odot$. Combining GAMA-II with data from G10-COSMOS we are able to comment qualitatively on the shape of the GSMF down to masses as low as $10^{6}$ $M_\odot$. Beyond the well known upturn seen in the GSMF at $10^{9.5}$ the distribution appears to maintain a single power-law slope from $10^9$ to $10^{6.5}$. We calculate the stellar mass density parameter given our best-estimate GSMF, finding $\Omega_\star= 1.66^{+0.24}_{-0.23}\pm0.97 h^{-1}_{70} \times 10^{-3}$, inclusive of random and systematic uncertainties.
Photodissociation of state selected BrCl+ cations: branching ratios and angular anisotropies of the Br+ product forming channels

High resolution velocity map ion imaging methods have been used to explore the photofragmentation dynamics of state-selected BrCl+(X2ΠΩ, v=0) cations following excitation in the wavelength range 370–420 nm. The parent ions are formed by 2 + 1 resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) via the [2Π1/2]5sσ, v=0 Rydberg level. Experimental measurables include the wavelength dependent branching ratios and recoil anisotropies of the various Br+(3 P J ) + Cl(2 P J ) product channels. Ground state Br+(3 P 2) fragments dominate the fragment ion yield throughout the photolysis wavelength range investigated, with spin–orbit excited Cl(2 P 1/2) atoms the preferred co-fragment whenever energetically allowed. All fragmentation channels show a predominantly parallel recoil anisotropy, consistent with an initial A2Π ← X2Π (ΔΩ=0) excitation in the parent cation, but the best-fit description of the fragment angular distributions requires use of higher terms in the Legendre expansion than is traditionally the case for a one-photon dissociation process. The additional angular modulation is rationalised by recognizing that the REMPI preparation laser induces unwanted (but unavoidable) parent ion fragmentation, leaving a spatially aligned distribution of ions for the intended photolysis study. Interpretation of the measured product branching ratios and recoil anisotropies is guided by complementary ab initio calculations of spin–orbit free potential energy curves for many of the lower lying electronic states of BrCl+ and subsequent semi-empirical inclusion of spin–orbit effects. The adiabatic potentials so derived exhibit a plethora of avoided crossings. Preliminary wavepacket propagations following excitation to the A2Π state show rapid flux redistribution to adiabatic potentials that correlate with the lower dissociation asymptotes, but are unable to reproduce the details of the experimentally determined product branching ratios.
Coalescence overgrowth of GaN nanocolumns on sapphire with patterned metal organic vapor phase epitaxy

High-quality coalescence overgrowth of patterned-grown GaN nanocolumns on c-plane sapphire substrate with metal organic chemical vapor deposition is demonstrated. Although domain structures of a tens of micron scale in the overgrown layer can be identified with cathodoluminescence measurement, from atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement, the surface roughness of the overgrown layer in an area of 5×5 μm2 is as small as 0.411 nm, which is only one-half that of the high-quality GaN thin-film template directly grown on sapphire substrate (the control sample). Based on the AFM and depth-dependent x-ray diffraction measurements near the surface of the overgrown layer, the dislocation density is reduced to the order of 107 cm−2, which is one order of magnitude lower than that of the control sample and two to three orders of magnitude lower than those of ordinary GaN templates for fabricating light-emitting diodes. Also, the lateral domain size, reaching a level of ∼2.7 μm, becomes three times larger than the .
The first zoeal stage of Glyptograpsus impressus, with comments on the subfamilial arrangement of Grapsidae (Crustacea: Brachyura)

The first zoeal stage of the brackish-waier crab Glyptograpsus impressus is described and illustrated from laboratory hatched material. This is the first description of a larval stage from the Central American genus Glyptograpsus which is traditionally placed within the grapsid subfamily Varumnae. Comparison of zoeal setation patterns revealed common features with the Varuninae. while other features are more typical for the Grapsinae and Plagusiinae. Furthermore, zoeae of G. impressus are distinct in the setation of the maxillar endopod. which is unique within the Grapsidae and makes the inclusion of the genus Glyptograpsus within one of the presently recognized grapsid subfamilies questionable. Resume : Le premier stade zoo du crabe d'eau saumatre Glyptograpsus impressus est deerit et illustre a partir de materiel eclos en laboratoire. Ceci represenle la premiere description d'un stade larvaire d'un genre de I'Amerique cenlrale. Glyptograpsus, qui est traditionnellement place dans la sous-famille des Varuninae. Une comparaison des soies dcs zoes revele des structures communes avee les Varuninae. tandis que d'autres caraeteres sont plus tvpiques des Grapsinae et des Plagusiinae. De plus les zoes de G. impressus sont differentes par les soies de I'endopodite maxillaire, unique parmi les Graspidae, ce qui remel en question la place du genre Glyptograpsus dans Tune des sous families de Grapsidae.
Effect of surface oxidation on electron spin coherence of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds

Fluorescent nanodiamonds (NDs) are crystal-defect-based light-emitting nanoparticles that can be applied to quantum information science and quantum sensing. Of particular interest are nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers that allow optical access to their coherently controllable electron spin systems, leading to spin-photon quantum devices and nanoscale sensing of various physical parameters. However, the NV spin coherence time (T 2 ) in NDs has been limited to one or two orders of magnitude shorter than those in bulk diamonds owing to the complicated surface eﬀect that decoheres the NV spin systems. Here, we study the relation between the surface properties and T 2 of single NV centers in NDs by systematically analyzing the ef-fect of surface oxidation. We apply aerobic and acidic oxidation methods with various heating temperatures and processing times and ﬁnd that aerobic oxidation most eﬀectively oxidizes the surface and extends T 2 by a factor of 1.6 to the original NDs. The ND-size dependence of T 2 clearly shows that the surface oxidation removes a constant decoherence contribution irre-spective of the ND size and that a new surface-derived decoherence source emerges when the ND size reduces below 50 nm. The present results provide quantitative information on the decoherence sources of NV spin systems of NDs and will enable a strategic surface modiﬁcation for better spin manipulations of NV centers in the context of quantum information science and nanoscale quantum sensing.
Johann, Patricia and Simpson, Alex and Voigtlaender, Janis (2010) A generic operational metatheory for algebraic effects. In: Proceedings of 25th Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic

We provide a syntactic analysis of contextual preorder and equivalence for a polymorphic programming language with effects. Our approach applies uniformly across a range of algebraic effects, and incorporates, as instances: errors, input/output, global state, nondeterminism, probabilistic choice, and combinations thereof. Our approach is to extend Plotkin and Power’s structural operational semantics for algebraic effects (FoSSaCS 2001) with a primitive “basic preorder” on ground type computation trees. The basic preorder is used to derive notions of contextual preorder and equivalence on program terms. Under mild assumptions on this relation, we prove fundamental properties of contextual preorder (hence equivalence) including extensionality properties and a characterisation via applicative contexts, and we provide machinery for reasoning about polymorphism using relational parametricity.
Multi-task Stack Propagation for Neural Quality Estimation

Quality estimation is an important task in machine translation that has attracted increased interest in recent years. A key problem in translation-quality estimation is the lack of a sufficient amount of the quality annotated training data. To address this shortcoming, the Predictor-Estimator was proposed recently by introducing “word prediction” as an additional pre-subtask that predicts a current target word with consideration of surrounding source and target contexts, resulting in a two-stage neural model composed of a predictor and an estimator. However, the original Predictor-Estimator is not trained on a continuous stacking model but instead in a cascaded manner that separately trains the predictor from the estimator. In addition, the Predictor-Estimator is trained based on single-task learning only, which uses target-specific quality-estimation data without using other training data that are available from other-level quality-estimation tasks. In this article, we thus propose a multi-task stack propagation, which extensively applies stack propagation to fully train the Predictor-Estimator on a continuous stacking architecture and multi-task learning to enhance the training data from related other-level quality-estimation tasks. Experimental results on WMT17 quality-estimation datasets show that the Predictor-Estimator trained with multi-task stack propagation provides statistically significant improvements over the baseline models. In particular, under an ensemble setting, the proposed multi-task stack propagation leads to state-of-the-art performance at all the sentence/word/phrase levels for WMT17 quality estimation tasks.
Energy-aware semantic modeling in large scale infrastructures

Including the energy profile of the computing infrastructure in the decision process for scheduling computing tasks and allocating resources is essential to improve the system energy efficiency. However, the lack of an effective model of the infrastructure energy information makes it difficult for the resource managers to provide up-to-date energy metrics of underlying environment. We modeled the relationship between energy components and infrastructure components and defined energy description elements and energy metrics using semantic web technologies, and developed a description model called Energy Description Language (EDL). Based on the EDL, we prototyped an basic knowledge system called Energy Knowledge Base (EKB) that provides contextbased information retrieval support for applications, in order to make energy aware decisions on scheduling and resource allocation. We validated the logic and effectiveness of the energy ontology by testing the performance of the EKB.
Far-infrared photometry of OJ 287 with the Herschel Space Observatory

Context. The blazar OJ 287 has shown a ≈ 12 year quasi-periodicity over more than a century, in addition to the common properties of violent variability in all frequency ranges. It is the strongest known candidate to have a binary singularity in its central engine. Aims. We aim to better understand the different emission components by searching for correlated variability in the ﬂux over four decades of frequency measurements. Methods. We combined data at frequencies from the millimetric to the visible to characterise the multifrequency light curve in April and May 2010. This includes the only photometric observations of OJ 287 made with the Herschel Space Observatory: ﬁve epochs of data obtained over 33 days at 250, 350, and 500 µ m with Herschel -SPIRE. Results. Although we ﬁnd that the variability at 37GHz on timescales of a few weeks correlates with the visible to near-IR spectral energy distribution, there is a small degree of reddening in the continuum at lower ﬂux levels that is revealed by the decreasing rate of decline in the light curve at lower frequencies. However, we see no clear evidence that a rapid ﬂare detected in the light curve during our monitoring in the visible to near-IR light curve is seen either in the Herschel data or at 37GHz, suggesting a low-frequency cut-off in the spectrum of such ﬂares. Conclusions. We see only marginal evidence of variability in the observations with Herschel over a month, although this may be principally due to the poor sampling. The spectral energy distribution between 37GHz and the visible can be characterised by two components of approximately constant spectral index: a visible to far-IR component of spectral index α = − 0 . 95, and a far-IR to millimetric spectral index of α = − 0 . 43. There is no evidence of an excess of emission that would be consistent with the 60 µ m dust bump found in many active galactic nuclei. NAOC CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC, UKSA (UK); and NASA (USA). This paper has made use of HSpot & HIPE, which are joint developments by the Herschel Science Ground Seg-ment Consortium, consisting of ESA, the NASA Herschel Science Center, and the HIFI, PACS and SPIRE consortia. This paper has made use of up-to-date SMARTS optical/near-infrared light curves that are available at the url: www.astro. yale.edu/smarts/glast/home.php . This work was partly supported by the NCN grant No. 2013/09/B/ST9/00599.
Automatic Diacritics Restoration in Croatian Texts

The absence of diacritics in digitally encoded text is a common problem for languages whose writing systems are not covered by the standard ASCII character set. It is a deterioration of language in its own right, but also a serious impediment to automated text processing and information retrieval. Restoration of diacritics, if performed manually, is a tedious and time-consuming process. In this paper we describe a robust system for automatic diacritics restoration in Croatian texts. The system combines dictionary look-up and statistical language modelling. Diacritics restoration is evaluated on a corpus of newspaper articles and discussion forum posts. Our experiments show that high levels of accuracy can be achieved with fairly simple and computationally inexpensive methods.
Sulfur budget and global climate impact of the A.D. 1835 eruption of Cosigüina volcano, Nicaragua

Large explosive volcanic eruptions can inject massive amounts of sulfuric gases into the Earth's atmosphere and, in so doing, affect global climate. The January 1835 eruption of Cosigüina volcano, Nicaragua, ranks among the Americas' largest and most explosive historical eruptions, but whether it had effects on global climate remains ambiguous. New petrologic analyses of the Cosigüina deposits reveal that the eruption released enough sulfur to explain a prominent circa A.D. 1835 sulfate anomaly in ice cores from both the Arctic and Antarctic. A compilation of temperature‐sensitive tree ring chronologies indicates appreciable cooling of the Earth's surface in response to the eruption, consistent with instrumental temperature records. We conclude that this eruption represents one of the most important sulfur‐producing events of the last few centuries and had a sizable climate impact rivaling that of the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo.
DRAFT n-1 AAS 03-125 HISTORICAL REVIEW OF SPACECRAFT SIMULATORS

This paper provides an overview of air-bearing spacecraft simulators. Air bearings have been used for satellite attitude determination and control hardware verification and software development for nearly 45 years. Honeywell Space Systems and Virginia Tech are each developing unique new facilities. During their development, we have become interested in the history of this technology: how early systems were first devised, and what diverse capabilities current systems provide. We begin with a survey of planar systems, those that give a payload freedom to translate and spin. We then discuss several classes of rotational air bearings which simulate three-axis satellite attitude dynamics. We follow with a section on perhaps the most interesting facilities: those that provide both translational and three-parameter rotational freedom. We outline the diverse capabilities each style of air-bearing testbed provides, the many settings they can be found in, and ways to improve facility performance.
ECOLOGICAL BASES OF HORMONE-BEHAVIOR INTERACTIONS : THE EMERGENCY LIFE HISTORY STAGE

SYNOPSIS. Superimposed upon seasonal changes in morphology, physiology and behavior, are facultative responses to unpredictable events known as labile ( i.e. , short-lived) perturbation factors (LPFs). These responses include behavioral and physiological changes that enhance survival and collectively make up the “emergency” life history stage. There is considerable evidence that glucocorticosteroids, and other hormones in the hypothalamo—pituitary—adrenal (HPA) cascade, initiate and orchestrate the emergency life history stage within minutes to hours. This stage has a number of sub—stages that promote survival and avoid potential deleterious effects of stress that may result from chronically elevated levels of circulating glucocorticosteroids over days and weeks. These sub—stages may include: redirection of behavior from a normal life history stage to increased foraging, irruptivetype migration during the day, enhanced restfulness at night, and elevated gluconeogenesis. Once the perturbation passes, glucocorticosteroids may also promote recovery. Additional evidence from birds indicates that glucocorticosteroid responses to a standardized capture, handling and restraint protocol are modulated both on seasonal and individual levels. Field work reveals that these changes in responsiveness to LPFs have ecological bases, such as reproductive state, body condition etc., that in turn indicate different hormonal control mechanisms in the HPA cascade.
Amsterdam expeditions to the West Indian Islands (report 27). Calabozoidea, a new suborder of stygobiont Isopoda, discovered in Venezuela

A new type of stygobiont Isopoda has been collected from wells in the “llanos” of Venezuela, near Calabozo, and in the hyporheal of a river in the Aragua State. On account of its body segmentation, and structure of uropods and pleopods, it must be considered as representing a new suborder. A diagnosis of the new suborder, new family and new genus, and a description of the type-species, are provided. Finally, a morphologic comparison with some of the already known suborders is made.
The inverse life-history problem, size-dependent mortality and two extensions of results of Holt and Beverton

In 1958, Sidney Holt developed a model to determine the optimal mass at which to harvest a cohort of fish having von Bertalanffy growth and experiencing constant natural mortality. Holt and Ray Beverton then gave a life-history interpretation to the analysis, from which Beverton developed a theory of Growth, Maturity, and Longevity (GML) that allows one to predict quantities such as age at maturity or relative size at maturity using life-history parameters. I extend their results in two ways. First, keeping the original formulation, in which the rate of natural mortality is constant, I show how one can invert Beverton's result to determine the rate of natural mortality from life-history data. I illustrate this inverse method with data on three species of tuna and compare the estimates with those based on tagging. Second, I extend Beverton's GML theory to include size-dependent mortality. I explore previously published mortality models and introduce a new mortality function that has size-independent and size-dependent components. I show that the new size-dependent mortality function leads to the prediction that age at maturity depends upon asymptotic size (as well as the other life-history parameters), something that Beverton's original theory lacked. I illustrate this extension with a simple example, discuss directions for future work and conclude that nearly 60 years on these contributions of Holt and Beverton continue to lead us in new and exciting directions.
Heart Rate-Index Estimates Oxygen Uptake, Energy Expenditure and Aerobic Fitness in Rugby Players.

The purpose of the study was to verify the suitability of heart rate-index (HRindex) in predicting submaximal oxygen consumption (VO2), energy expenditure (EE) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) during treadmill running in rugby players. Fifteen professional rugby players (99.8 ± 12.7 kg, 1.85 ± 0.09 m) performed a running incremental test while VO2 (breath-by-breath) and heart rate (HR) were measured. HRindex was calculated (actual HR/resting HR) to predict submaximal and maximal VO2 ({[(HRindex x 6)-5.0] x (3.5 body weight)}) and EE. Measured and predicted VO2 and EE were compared by two-way RM-ANOVA (method, speed), correlation and Bland-Altman analysis. Measured and predicted VO2max were compared by paired t-test, correlation and Bland-Altman analysis. Submaximal VO2 and EE significantly increased (baseline VO2: 8.1 ± 1.6 ml·kg-1·min-1 VO2max: 46.8 ± 4.3 ml·kg-1·min-1, baseline EE: 0.03 ± 0.01 kcal·kg-1·min-1, peak EE: 0.23 ± 0.03 kcal·kg-1·min-1) as a function of speed (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 for VO2 and EE respectively) yet measured and predicted values at equal treadmill speeds were not significantly different (p = 0.17; p = 0.16) and highly correlated (r = 0.95; r = 0.94). The Bland-Altman analysis confirmed a non-significant bias between measured and estimated VO2 (measured: 40.3 ± 10.7, estimated: 40.7 ± 10.1 ml·kg-1·min-1, bias = 1.35 ml·kg-1·min-1, z = 1.12, precision = 3.39 ml·kg-1·min-1) and EE (measured: 20.0 ± 0.05 kcal·kg-1·min-1, estimated: 20.0 ± 0.05 kcal·kg-1·min-1, bias = 0.00 kcal·kg-1·min-1, z = 0.04, precision = 0.02 kcal·kg-1·min-1). Estimated and predicted VO2max were not statistically different (p = 0.91), highly correlated (r = 0.96), and showed a non-significant bias (bias = 0.17, z = 0.22, precision = 1.29 ml·kg-1·min-1). HRindex is a valid field method to track VO2, EE and VO2max during running in rugby players.