Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of diagenesis on carbon isotope values of fossil wood

The carbon isotope (δ13C) value of modern and fossil wood is widely used as a proxy for environmental and climatic change. Many researchers who study stable carbon isotopes in modern and recently deceased trees chemically extract cellulose (δ13Ccell) rather than analyzing whole wood (δ13Cwood) due to concerns that molecular variability across tree rings could influence δ13Cwood values, and that diagenesis may preferentially degrade cellulose over lignin. However, the majority of deep-time researchers analyze δ13Cwood without correcting for possible diagenetic effects due to cellulose loss. We measured δ13Ccell, δ13Cwood, and cellulose content of 38 wood fossils that span ∼50 m.y. in age from early Eocene to late Miocene, using variability across such a large range of geologic ages and settings as a natural laboratory in diagenesis. For comparison with our measurements, we produced a literature compilation of 1210 paired δ13Ccell and δ13Cwood values made on fossil and modern trees. We report that, on average, the apparent enrichment factor (ε) between δ13Ccell and δ13Cwood (ε = δ13Ccell – δ13Cwood) is 1.4‰ ± 0.4‰ larger in deep-time samples than Holocene wood, and this can be explained by loss of cellulose during degradation, independent of atmospheric chemistry or climate conditions during growth. A strong linear correlation exists between δ13Cwood and δ13Ccell in both deep-time (r2 = 0.92) and Holocene (r2 = 0.87) samples, suggesting that either substrate can provide a reliable record of environmental conditions during growth. However, diagenetic effects must be corrected if δ13Cwood values are compared to extant trees or across long time scales, where cellulose content may vary.
Human Development Based on Composite Indicator of Human Development Index

This research analyzed the influence of life expectancy, consumption per capita, average length of school and literacy rate on economic growth in South Sulawesi Province. This research is quantitative research. The research used secondary data in the form of the annual time-series data from 2008 to 2017 which are quantitative data. Data analysis using multiple linear regression statistical analysis. The findings show that life expectancy, consumption per capita, and literacy rate have a significant influence on economic growth in South Sulawesi Province.
Estimation ambiguities encountered when imaging through turbulence

There are many approaches to incoherent imaging through the atmosphere that involve joint estimation of multiple turbulence-induced wavefront-aberration realizations and an object that is common across realizations. These approaches, all of which use short-exposure or “speckle” data, include Multi-Frame Blind Deconvolution (MFBD), Phase-Diverse Speckle (PDS), and Wavelength-Diverse Speckle (WDS). We enumerate fundamental estimation ambiguities that arise within each of these modalities and identify strategies to eliminate some of the ambiguities.
Valuing Ecosystem Service Benefits from Green Pollution Control Infrastructure: Evidence from Riparian Shading Programs in the Tualatin Watershed, Oregon

Scientific research and policy initiatives on using green infrastructure for pollution control are expanding. Potential cost-savings are often a prime motivation. However, environmental co-benefits may also ensue from such approaches. State of the science valuation methods, such as choice experiment surveys, are necessary to capture the full range and values of such benefits. We present a case study of this for the case of installing riparian shade corridors to meet temperature standards in an urban-rural fringe Oregon watershed. We use a primary survey, administered to a sample of 800 waste water treatment utility customers in the Tualatin river basin. Our findings shed light on the public’s willingness to pay (WTP) for the additional ecosystem services generated by this green infrastructure approach. Our estimates show significant WTP for water quality, air quality and preservation of fish and wildlife highlighting that the public values the additional benefits. We also find that the WTP for these ecosystem services is influenced by perceived water quality conditions as well as the respondent’s environmental attitudes. The results show that this green infrastructure program has substantial value beyond thermal pollution control. Indeed, by extrapolating the benefits to entire customer base suggests an attractive social benefit-cost ratio. This case analysis of a progressive ecosystem services management approach illuminates salient positive impacts of green infrastructure approaches beyond pollution control.
Disease Track Record Analysis at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Using PrefixSpan Algorithm

Dr. Soetomo’s General Hospital has used computerized system to record their patient s diseases. With the large amount of data to be analyzed, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital needs to know the disease pattern to prevent and cure the disease. Based on the problem, the hospital needs to develop an application that generates sequences pattern of diseases so it could be used to predict sequence pattern of disease in later day. This application is built with PrefixSpan algorithm to generate disease pattern in a particular region on particular time according Dr. Soetomos General Hospital historical data. Output of this application is generates rules.
Determinants of manual control of water hyacinth expansion over the Lake Tana, Ethiopia

Water hyacinth is an exotic freshwater weed damaging wetland resources over the Lake Tana basin, Ethiopia. Different measures, including manual labour and harvesting machinery are in use to reduce its damage and expansion. Yet, the invasion of the weed appears expanding its scope across the wetlands of the Lake. This paper presented the study made to identify determinant factors affecting manual control of water hyacinth expansion over the Lake wetlands. It tried to analyse the expansion trend of the water hyacinth and community efforts to control its extension. Data were gathered from questionnaire surveys, group discussions, interviews and field observations. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. The study revealed that the water hyacinth cover in the Lake’s wetland increased from ≤10, 000 ha in 2011 to over 50, 000 ha in 2017. Wetland terrain, water depth, food availability, farming time, employment and government support were found significantly influencing the manual control practices of households. Hence, government support must increase to motivate people involvement in manual weed removal campaigns. Micro-relief maps and floating boats need be readily available to help participants easily identify risky terrains and expand the physical weed removal into the deeper waters.Key Words: Water hyacinth, Invasive weeds, Manual control, Wetlands, Lake Tana, Ethiopia
The Amsterdam Open MRI Collection (AOMIC): A Collection of Publicly Available Population Imaging Datasets.

We present the Amsterdam Open MRI Collection (AOMIC): three datasets with high-quality, multimodal (3T) MRI data including structural (T1-weighted), diffusion-weighted, resting-state, and task-based functional (BOLD) MRI scans, as well as detailed demographic and individual difference traits (including age, intelligence, and personality scores), from a large set of healthy participants (N = 933, N = 224, and N = 238. All data will be made freely available on the Openneuro data sharing platform. Raw data were anonymized and converted to a standardized format (BIDS) and underwent extensive (automated and manual) quality control. Additionally, the datasets include several derivatives, including quality control reports and metrics, preprocessed (anatomical and functional MRI) data, and preprocessed physiology data (cardiac and respiratory traces). Notably, task-based fMRI was collected during various robust paradigms (targeting cognitive conflict, emotion recognition, working memory, face perception, cognitive control, and response inhibition) for which extensively annotated event-files are available. In addition to the raw data, all code that was used to convert, transform, and (pre)process the data is available online.
Determination of design criteria to enhance nutrient removal by vertical flow-through wetlands

A laboratory-scale vertical flow constructed wetland system was designed and monitored to compare nitrogen removal rates and pathways from both saturated and unsaturated zones under a hydraulic loading rate and influent total nitrogen concentration of 1.5 m3/m2.d and 508 mg/L respectively. Weekly measurements of the concentrations of nitrogen compounds, chemical oxygen demand, temperature, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, and hydrogen ion concentration were taken throughout the study. At the end of the experiments, PCR analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to identify microbial communities in the unsaturated and saturated parts of the system. The nitrogen compounds were removed from the system after 182 days, with similar total nitrogen removal efficiencies (94% and 93%) for the unsaturated and saturated zones respectively. Heterotrophic nitrification/ aerobic denitrification was the major pathway responsible for the removal of nitrogen compounds. Adsorption into the gravel bed also contributed to ammonium removal. Proteobacteria were the dominant bacterial strains involved in nitrogen transformation and accounted for 80% of the total bacteria in the unsaturated zone and 60% in the saturated zone. With little difference in the concentration removal efficiencies of the unsaturated and saturated zones, a more effective design would be an entirely saturated wetland as the total mass removal of nitrogen depends on the water volume stored, which at full saturation in this design was seven times greater per unit wetland volume than the unsaturated zone.
U_Net & Residual Neural Networks for Seismic Fault Interpretation

Summary Deep learning has showed success in various industries for different processing tasks. However, it is still in the initial stage of the application of seismic exploration. In this paper, we propose to apply deep learning technology to detect seismic faults. The residual neural network (Resnet) is used to build the U-net model for seismic fault detection. And multi-scale and multi-level feature are extracted from seismic data. In the training stage, we use field dataset to train the U_net model. Finally, field data experiment demonstrates that our proposed U-net model is feasible for seismic fault detection. In the meantime, our research will help promote the intelligent development of seismic faults interpretation and provides a reference for further studies of seismic data processing and interpretation.
Characterization of habitat requirements of European fishing spiders

Wetlands are among the most threatened habitats in the world, and so are their species, which suffer habitat loss due to climate and land use changes. Freshwater species and arthropods receive little attention in research and conservation, and the goals to stop and reverse the destruction of wetlands published 25 years ago in a manifesto by the Union of Concerned Scientists have not been reached. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and habitat requirements at two spatial scales of two species of European fishing spiders Dolomedes, which rely heavily on declining wetland habitats in Sweden and southern Norway. We collected occurrence data for Dolomedes plantarius and Dolomedes fimbriatus, using a live-determination-method. We modelled the placement of nursery webs to describe fine scaled habitat requirements related to vegetation and microclimate. Using a machine learning approach, we described the habitat features for each species, and for co-occurrence sites, to provide insight into variables relevant for the detectability of Dolomedes. We found that habitat requirements were narrower for D. plantarius compared to D. fimbriatus; that the detection of nursery webs can be affected by weather conditions and that nursery placement is mostly dependent on the proximity to water, the presence of Carex sp. (Sedges) and of crossing vegetation structures, and on humidity. Furthermore, co-occurring sites were more similar to D. plantarius sites than to D. fimbriatus sites, whereby surrounding forest, water type and velocity, elevation and latitude were of importance for explaining which species of Dolomedes was present. We provide a detailed field protocol for Dolomedes studies, including a novel live-determination method, and recommendations for future field protocols.
Hotspot identification with portable low-cost particulate matter sensor

Air quality measurements were conducted at rural and urban environment with a low-cost particulate matter (PM) sensor and GPS receiver based portable device, which was developed to determine the atmospheric PM concentration and distribution. Using the PM sensors and GPS receiver data, hotspots can be identified, the air quality characteristics of crawled areas and routes can be determined. Suggestions was made to improve the accuracy of the measurement.
An Analysis of the Loss of Outpatient Laboratory Reports at the USAF Medical Center Wright-Patterson, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio.

Abstract : Air Force regulations define patient medical records as comprehensive and permanent histories. The objective of this research effort was to determine the extent of loss of laboratory reports and to recommend methods to reduce this loss. The authors concluded that 15.9 per cent of the laboratory reports generated for outpatients at the USAF Medical Center, Wright-Patterson AF Base, Ohio, were 'lost. ' That is, the reports were never filed in the patient's medical record. The authors further concluded that whenever a laboratory report was lost, the money spent to conduct the analysis was wasted. The authors made two recommendations. The first was that an embossed data plate be used to record correct patient identification data on all forms. The second recommendation was that increased managerial attention be given to the Outpatient Medical Records Section. (Modified author abstract)
Constraining Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds Over the Indian Subcontinent Using Space‐Based Formaldehyde Measurements

India is an air pollution mortality hot spot, but regional emissions are poorly understood. We present a high‐resolution nested chemical transport model (GEOS‐Chem) simulation for the Indian subcontinent and use it to interpret formaldehyde (HCHO) observations from two satellite sensors (OMI and GOME‐2A) in terms of constraints on regional volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. We find modeled biogenic VOC emissions to be overestimated by ~30–60% for most locations and seasons, and derive a best estimate biogenic flux of 16 Tg C/year subcontinent‐wide for year 2009. Terrestrial vegetation provides approximately half the total VOC flux in our base‐case inversions (full uncertainty range: 44–65%). This differs from prior understanding, in which biogenic emissions represent >70% of the total. Our derived anthropogenic VOC emissions increase slightly (13–16% in the base case, for a subcontinent total of 15 Tg C/year in 2009) over RETRO year 2000 values, with some larger regional discrepancies. The optimized anthropogenic emissions agree well with the more recent CEDS inventory, both subcontinent‐wide (within 2%) and regionally. An exception is the Indo‐Gangetic Plain, where we find an underestimate for both RETRO and CEDS. Anthropogenic emissions thus constitute 37–50% of the annual regional VOC source in our base‐case inversions and exceed biogenic emissions over the Indo‐Gangetic Plain, West India, and South India, and over the entire subcontinent during winter and post‐monsoon. Fires are a minor fraction (<7%) of the total regional VOC source in the prior and optimized model. However, evidence suggests that VOC emissions in the fire inventory used here (GFEDv4) are too low over the Indian subcontinent.
Convenience Analysis of Citizen Using Garden Green Space Basing on Road Network’s Accessibility

Green space accessibility can be used to measure the potential of green space to provide services to residents. Taking urban community as the basic unit, using GIS software and combining with the distribution of road network and population, convenience of every community to the nearest garden green space is analyzed with the aspect of time. Results show that 69% community can reach the nearest park green space within 5 minutes no matter which kind of transportation is used and the convenience of most communities are well. However, some community residents’ convenience of arriving at the nearest park green space is bad (more than 10 minutes). These communities of which population accounted for 3.6% are Jinxing Community and Lingzhi Community of Caiyuan Street Office and Yingchun Community and Nanhu Community of Daimiao Street Office.
Physical Modelling of the Wave Transmission over a Tetrapod Armored Artificial Reef

Shin, S. ; Bae, I. -R. , and Lee, J.-I. , 2019. Physical modelling of the wave transmission over a tetrapod armored artificial reef. In: Lee, J.L. ; Yoon, J.-S. ; Cho, W.C. ; Muin, M. , and Lee, J. (eds.), The 3rd International Water Safety Symposium. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 91, pp. 126-130. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Two-dimensional laboratory experiments were conducted in the wave flume to investigate the wave transmission phenomena over both impermeable and permeable artificial reef structures, which were armored with tetrapods. Different cases of the experimental conditions were included by changing permeability, relative crest height, relative crest width, wave steepness and so on. A modified empirical formula from the existing formula was proposed to predict the wave transmission coefficient over the various specifications and structural designs of the artificial reef. The proposed formula successfully predicted the wave transmission coefficients for permeable, partially permeable and impermeable structures. Therefore, in this study, the empirical formula of the wave transmission over the artificial reef was improved from the existing formula by including various permeable cases.
Emergence of Summertime Hypoxia and Concurrent Carbonate Mineral Suppression in the Central Bohai Sea, China

The Bohai Sea to the west of the North Yellow Sea in the Northwest Pacific is a semienclosed shallow‐water marginal sea on a critical path of eutrophication and environmental degradation. To better understand the Bohai Sea metabolism‐induced summertime dissolved oxygen (DO) decline and acidification, eight field surveys were conducted between August 2011 and September 2017, investigating seasonal and interannual variations in DO and carbonate system parameters in the central Bohai Sea. The historically lowest Bohai Sea DO was recorded at 66 μmol O2/kg in subsurface waters in early September 2015. By comparing our data set with literature data obtained in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, the emergence history of summertime hypoxia in this marginal sea was shown. Associated with the seasonal DO shortage, the metabolism‐enhanced CO2 accumulation in subsurface waters in summer resulted in critical aragonite saturation states of close to or even less than 1.5, threatening calcifiers with potentially severe consequences for valuable shellfish fisheries. Based on model results combining the aerobic respiration (as indicated by apparent oxygen utilization) and the given wintertime/springtime atmospheric CO2 level of the time, this study suggests that combined stresses of the seasonal DO shortage and CO2 acidification capable of threatening Bohai Sea ecosystems could develop within decades.
The Impacts of Emission Reduction Targets in Indonesia Electricity Systems

Climate change policy often contradicts the least-cost objective of electricity generation in developing countries. The objective of our study is to propose electricity generation mixes that can meet emission reduction targets in Indonesia. We estimate the optimal generation mix, costs, and emissions from three scenarios, namely existing power plant planning, and 11% and 14% emission reductions in Indonesia’s electricity sector. The estimations are based on linear programming, input-output analysis, and life-cycle analysis, integrated into an agent-based modeling (ABM) platform. The simulation results confirm the existing power plant planning, which is dominated by coal-based power plants, as the lowest-cost scenario in the short-term; however, this scenario also produces the highest emissions. Emission reduction scenarios have lower emissions due to a higher share of renewables and, therefore, the Indonesian electricity system is robust from fossil fuel price increases. In the long-term, costs incurred in the emission reduction scenarios will be lower than electricity generation costs under the existing power plant planning. Our findings should be a basis for re-evaluating energy policies, power plant planning, and the research agenda in Indonesia. Keyword: linear programming, agent-based modelling (ABM), input-output analysis, life-cycle analysis
The Environmental Impact Assessment of Furniture Production Process Using the Life Cycle Assessment

The aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental impact of the wood table production process using the Life Cycle Assessment. Case studies are carried out in a wood furniture SME in Indonesia. Each activity is modelled using primary data, related to the input and output of the process. The production process includes four phases: sawing process, construction process, assembly process, and finishing process. The system boundary includes all activities that occur within the woodworking plant including material and energy consumption, transportation, and additional products used. The study concluded that the most affected categories were climate change, human toxicity, and metal depletion. While the most contributing production processes are finishing.