Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Levels of substitution of corn by soybean hulls in high-concentrate diets for finishing beef heifers

We examined the production performance of Nellore heifers fed high-concentrate (90%) diets in which ground corn (GC) was substituted by ground soybean hulls (SH) at increasing levels (0, 33, 66, and 100%), in the concentrate portion. A total of 144 heifers (263.40 ± 13.90 kg average initial weight; 27 months old) received the test diets in a feedlot for 112 days. The experiment was set up as a completely randomised design with four treatments. Data were subjected to ANOVA and orthogonal contrasts, adopting ? = 5%. The sum of squares of treatments in the contrast analysis was decomposed into two orthogonal contrasts (L - linear and Q - quadratic effect) for the level of SH substituting GC. Dry matter intake was not changed by the GC substitution levels, averaging 2.51% of body weight. There was a linear increase in neutral detergent fibre intake (1.08, 2.03, 2.92, 3.78, 4.85 kg/day) and feed conversion (6.20, 7.08, 7.77, and 8.67 kg/kg); and a linear decrease in total digestible nutrient intake (5.78, 5.16, 5.03, 5.12, and 3.66 kg/day), average daily gain (1.24, 1.11, 1.02, and 0.89 kg/day), and slaughter weight (383.52, 374.71, 363.25, and 366.27 kg) as the substitution level was increased (0, 33, 66, and 100%, respectively). Subcutaneous fat thickness and loin-eye area were not influenced (P > 0.05), averaging 5.30 mm and 53.09 cm2, respectively. Substituting ground corn by ground soybean hulls in high-concentrate diets determined a reduction in production performance of feedlot-finished Nellore heifers.
Infaunal Community Responses to the Gradient of Heavy-metals in Langstone Harbour, UK

The complex nature of the marine environments including a broad array of factors seems inconvenient to have specific indicator organisms alerting the changes in ecological quality based on pollutant inputs to water bodies. Benthic infauna, however, may respond to the pollution-induced spatial quality changes in a tidal inlet as they are incapable to avoid from the pollution sources and hence, from low quality of sediment and water. This research suggested that the interaction of sediment metal stressors and the possible associated factors finer grain fractions, estuary position and depth is likely to encounter with a specific distributional pattern of infauna. The communities of macroinfauna in Langstone Harbour were studied spatially from 36 samples collected across four subtidal stations, two each to the upper northern and the southern of the platform. The distinct variations in communities between and within stations and the most contributed species to variations were determined using multivariate analysis techniques. The structured model showed that the measured environmental factors explained 29.4% of infaunal community structure in the harbour with the highest contribution of chromium (6.6%). Environmental patterns suggested the increasing metal deposition in the finergrained muddy sediments towards the innermost basin with stagnant and shallower waters.
Preparation of chitosan-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles and assessment of their effects on enzymatic antioxidant system as well as high-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein lipoproteins on wistar rat

Background: Recently, the nanoparticle (NP) application in many fields of medicine due to their specific physical and chemical properties has been developed. Therefore, especially in vivo evaluation of their toxicity is necessary. The aim of this study was to compare the toxicity of Fe3O4NPs coated with biocompatible compounds and uncoated NPs. Methods: Wetted chemical method (or wet chemical method) was used to synthesize Fe3O4NPs. The synthesized NPs were coated with chitosan and the coating interactions were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The magnetic and structural properties of Fe3O4and coated Fe3O4NPs were evaluated by transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The toxicity assessment of Fe3O4and coated Fe3O4NPs was studied in mice by intraperitoneal injections during the 1-month period. Antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde, and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein were measured 15 and 30 days after injection. Results: The synthesized NPs have a single phase and spinal structure and their size distribution in the net form is 5–10 nm. Some factors were changed due to the injection of both uncoated and coated NPs. The all-used concentration of chitosan-coated Fe3O4NPs could increase the GPX enzyme activity. The Fe3O4NPs can reduce the GPX enzyme activity in high concentration (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg). Conclusion: The results indicated that NPs based on their dosage and body condition can induce toxicity effects in the body. It should be mentioned that the chitosan-coated ones can decrease their effects.
Potential Distribution of Goldenrod (Solidago altissima L.) during Climate Change in South Korea

Predictions of suitable habitat areas within a specific region can provide important information to assist in the management of invasive plants. Here, we predict the current and future potential distribution of Solidago altissima (tall goldenrod) in South Korea using climatic and topographic variables and anthropogenic activities. We adopt four single models (the generalized linear model, generalized additive model, random forest, and an artificial neural network) and a weighted ensemble model for the projection based on 515 field survey points. The results showed that suitable areas for S. altissima were mainly concentrated in the southwest regions of South Korea, where temperatures are higher than in other regions, especially in the winter season. Solar radiation and Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) were also positively associated with the occurrence of S. altissima. Anthropogenic effects and distances from rivers were found to be relatively less important variables. Based on six selected explanatory variables, suitable habitat areas for S. altissima have expanded remarkably with climate changes. This range expansion is likely to be stronger northward in west coastal areas. For the SSP585 scenario, our model predicted that suitable habitat areas increased from 16,255 km2 (16.2% of South Korea) to 44,551 km2 (44.4%) approximately over the past thirty years. Our results show that S. altissima is highly likely to expand into non-forest areas such as roadsides, waterfront areas, and abandoned urban areas. We propose that, based on our projection maps, S. altissima should be removed from its current margin areas first rather than from old central population areas.
In Vivo, High-Throughput Selection of Thermostable Cyclohexanone Monooxygenase (CHMO)

Cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO) from Acinetobacter sp. NCIMB 9871 is characterized as having wide substrate versatility for the biooxidation of (cyclic) ketones into esters and lactones with high stereospecificity. Despite industrial potential, CHMO usage is restricted by poor thermostability. Limited high-throughput screening tools and challenges in rationally engineering thermostability have impeded CHMO engineering efforts. We demonstrate the application of an aerobic, high-throughput growth selection platform in Escherichia coli (strain MX203) for the discovery of thermostability enhancing mutations for CHMO. The selection employs growth for the easy readout of CHMO activity in vivo, by requiring nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-consuming enzymes to restore cellular redox balance. In the presence of the native substrate cyclohexanone, variant CHMO GV (A245G-A288V) was discovered from a random mutagenesis library screened at 42 °C. This variant retained native activity, exhibited ~4.4-fold improvement in residual activity after 30 °C incubation, and demonstrated ~5-fold higher cyclohexanone conversion at 37 °C compared to the wild type. Molecular modeling indicates that CHMO GV experiences more favorable residue packing and supports additional backbone hydrogen bonding. Further rational design resulted in CHMO A245G-A288V-T415C with improved thermostability at 45 °C. Our platform for oxygenase evolution enabled the rapid engineering of protein stability critical for industrial scalability.
Weber-Type Integral Transform Connected with Robin-Type Boundary Conditions

A new Weber-type integral transform and its inverse are defined for the representation of a function f(r,t), (r,t)∈[R,1]×[0,∞) that satisfies the Dirichlet and Robin-type boundary conditions f(R,t)=f1(t), f(1,t)−α∂f(r,t)∂r|r=1=f2(t), respectively. The orthogonality relations of the transform kernel are derived by using the properties of Bessel functions. The new Weber integral transform of some particular functions is determined. The integral transform defined in the present paper is a suitable tool for determining analytical solutions of transport problems with sliding phenomena that often occur in flows through micro channels, pipes or blood vessels. The heat conduction in an annular domain with Robin-type boundary conditions is studied. The subroutine “root(⋅)” of the Mathcad software is used to determine the positive roots of the transcendental equation involved in the definition of the new integral transform.
A STUDY ON BACTERIAL ISOLATES AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN IN PATIENTS WITH COMPOUND FRACTURE WOUNDS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Introduction Compound fractures (open fractures) are those exposed to the outside environment through a skin wound. In India, Road Traffic Accidents forms the single largest contributor of open fractures with approximately 85,000 people being killed every year and more than 1.2 million having serious limb injuries. Aim To detect the bacterial profile and evaluate their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in open fracture wound infections and determine their resistance pattern (Methicillin resistance and Extended spectrum beta lactamase ESBL resistance pattern). Materials and Methods This study was done in patients with open fracture wound infections. Pus samples were collected from open fracture wounds using sterile swab and processed by Gram staining and aerobic bacterial methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by disc diffusion method (Kirby Bauer method) on Mueller Hinton agar. Results Out of 200 samples, 161 samples were culture positive. 134 (67 percent) isolates were monomicrobial , 27 (13.5 percent) isolates were of polymicrobial growth and 39 (19.5 percent) isolates showed no growth. Totally, 188 isolates were obtained from 161 culture positive cases. Staphylococcus aureus (26.06 percent) was the predominant pathogen from open fracture wound infection followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (21.8 percent) and Proteus mirabilis (14.39 percent). Out of 49 S. aureus and 41 S.epidermidis isolates 22 (44.8 percent) and 19 (46.34 percent) were detected as Methicillin resistant respectively. Out of 98 GNB isolated, 62 (63.3percent) showed ESBL resistant pattern. The GPC isolated were 100 percent sensitive to Vancomycin and 83.05 percent sensitive to Amikacin. The GNB isolates were sensitive to Imipenem (100 percent), Cefoperazone-sulbactum (83.33percent ), Ciprofloxacin (77.33 percent) and Gentamicin (71 percent). Conclusion This study revealed Staphylococcus aureus as the predominant bacterial pathogen from open fracture wound
Youth Employment Programs in Ghana: Options for Effective Policy Making and Implementation

Unemployment and underemployment are global development challenges. The situation in Ghana is no different. In 2016, it was projected that, given the country’s growing youth population, 300,000 new jobs would need to be created each year to absorb the increasing numbers of unemployed young people. Yet the employment structure of the Ghanaian economy has not changed much from several decades ago. Most jobs are low skill, requiring limited cognitive or technology know-how, reflected in low earnings and work of lower quality. An additional challenge for Ghana is the need to create access to an adequate number of high-quality, productive jobs. This report seeks to increase knowledge about Ghana’s job landscape and youth employment programs to assist policy makers and key stakeholders in identifying ways to improve the effectiveness of these programs and strengthen coordination among major stakeholders. Focused, strategic, short- to medium-term and long-term responses are required to address current unemployment and underemployment challenges. Effective coordination and synergies among youth employment programs are needed to avoid duplication of effort while the country’s economic structure transforms. Effective private sector participation in skills development and employment programs is recommended. The report posits interventions in five priority areas that are not new but could potentially make an impact through scaling up: (1) agriculture and agribusiness, (2) apprenticeship (skills training), (3) entrepreneurship, (4) high-yielding areas (renewable energy–solar, construction, tourism, sports, and green jobs), and (5) preemployment support services. Finally, with the fast-changing nature of work due to technology and artificial intelligence, Ghana needs to develop an education and training system that is versatile and helps young people to adapt and thrive in the twenty-first century world of work.
Association analysis between genome-wide DNA methylation patterns and tobacco smoking

This work investigated the influence of tobacco smoking on DNA methylation by carrying out an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS). The results demonstrate wide-spread differences in the degree of methylation as a function of this environmental factor which may be involved in mediating the effects of smoking in development and progression of disease. They further indicate that quitting tobacco smoking presumably allows regaining the DNA methylation state of never smokers.
Single-cell RNA-seq data clustering: A survey with performance comparison study

Clustering analysis has been widely applied to single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data to discover cell types and cell states. Algorithms developed in recent years have greatly helped the understanding of cellular heterogeneity and the underlying mechanisms of biological processes. However, these algorithms often use different techniques, were evaluated on different datasets and compared with some of their counterparts usually using different performance metrics. Consequently, there lacks an accurate and complete picture of their merits and demerits, which makes it difficult for users to select proper algorithms for analyzing their data. To fill this gap, we first do a review on the major existing scRNA-seq data clustering methods, and then conduct a comprehensive performance comparison among them from multiple perspectives. We consider 13 state of the art scRNA-seq data clustering algorithms, and collect 12 publicly available real scRNA-seq datasets from the existing works to evaluate and compare these algorithms. Our comparative study shows that the existing methods are very diverse in performance. Even the top-performance algorithms do not perform well on all datasets, especially those with complex structures. This suggests that further research is required to explore more stable, accurate, and efficient clustering algorithms for scRNA-seq data.
Implications of density bonus tool for urban planning: relaxing floor area ratio (FAR) regulations in Tehran

ABSTRACT This article, by using empirical evidence from Tehran, looks beyond the West to explore the implications of the reliance of the entrepreneurial local government on private capital for the urban planning system. The main premise of this paper is that the financial dependence of Tehran Municipality on income generated from increasing construction density (density bonus tool) paid by developers has led to planning that is responsive to property market interests rather than the city’s strategic needs or the public interest. This paper makes a contribution to the literature of urban planning by providing a new case study of density bonus tool focused in Tehran; that allows a better understanding of the issue of how municipal financial tools (such as density bonus) could affect planning decisions.
A Descriptive Analysis of Location of Older Adult Falls That Resulted in Emergency Department Visits in the United States, 2015

Introduction. Falls among older adults (age ≥65) are a common and costly health issue. Knowing where falls occur and whether this location differs by sex and age can inform prevention strategies. Objective. To determine where injurious falls that result in emergency department (ED) visits commonly occur among older adults in the United States, and whether these locations differ by sex and age. Methods. Using 2015 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program data we reviewed narratives for ED patients aged ≥65 who had an unintentional fall as the primary cause of injury. Results. More fall-related ED visits (71.6%) resulted from falls that occurred indoors. A higher percentage of men’s falls occurred outside (38.3%) compared to women’s (28.4%). More fall-related ED visits were due to falls at home (79.2%) compared to falls not at home (20.8%). The most common locations for a fall at home were the bedroom, bathroom, and stairs. Conclusion. The majority of falls resulting in ED visits among older adults occurred indoors and varied by sex and age. Knowing common locations of injurious falls can help older adults and caregivers prioritize home modifications. Understanding sex and age differences related to fall location can be used to develop targeted prevention messages.
The Use of Range-based Volatility Estimators in Testing for Granger Causality in Risk on International Capital Markets

This study utilizes the extreme value theory (EVT) approach to compare the performance of a wide variety of range-based volatility estimators in the analysis of causality in risk between emerging and developed markets. The AR(1)-GARCH(1, 1) model with t -distribution is used as a benchmark. Regulator and firm loss functions are used to select the best volatility model. Two tests of causality in risk are used in our empirical study. The AR-GARCH model with EVT outperforms the other approaches in the case of huge risk. Among the most likely risk-taking markets are Standard &amp; Poor’s 500, CAC 40, Nikkei 225, Nasdaq and FTSE 100.
Multi-objective optimal energy management of microgrids including plug-in electric vehicles with the vehicle to grid capability for energy resources scheduling

As more battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are connected to the microgrid, plug-in electric vehicles have a major impact on the microgrid. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization energy management model including plug-in electric vehicles and other distributed generations. By analyzing the powertrain structure of different kinds of plug-in electric vehicles, the engine fuel consumption model, the charging model, the discharge model, and the battery state of charge model of plug-in electric vehicle in microgrids are given. The proposed model considers the plug-in electric vehicle battery state of charge constraints to prevent the battery from overcharging and over-discharging and gives the state of charge curve in microgrids. Simultaneously, an improved gray wolf algorithm, introducing optimization control factors and greedy strategies to better balance the mining and exploration capabilities of the gray wolf algorithm, is proposed to solve this multi-objective optimization energy management model. Compared with particle swarm optimization and traditional gray wolf algorithm, the improved algorithm further improves the accuracy and convergence speed. Besides, the improved algorithm is applied to three scheduling schemes, and the results show that plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have more advantages in energy economy in some special cases.
Brewer’s Spent Grains: Possibilities of Valorization, a Review

This review was based on updated research on how to use brewer’s spent grains (BSG). The use of BSG was considered both in food, as an ingredient or using value-added components derived from brewer’s spent grain, or in non-food products such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, construction, or food packaging. BSG is a valuable source of individual components due to its high nutritional value and low cost that is worth exploiting more to reduce food waste but also to improve human health and the environment. From the bioeconomy point of view, biological resources are transformed into bioenergetically viable and economically valuable products. The pretreatment stage of BSG biomass plays an important role in the efficiency of the extraction process and the yield obtained. The pretreatments presented in this review are both conventional and modern extraction methods, such as solvent extractions or microwave-assisted extractions, ultrasonic-assisted extractions, etc.
Citizen science records describe the distribution and migratory behaviour of a piscivorous predator, Pomatomus saltatrix

Understanding the processes driving species distributions is a key question in ecology, yet obtaining pertinent data for many species can be challenging. Tag-recapture data from voluntary recreational fisheries programmes is an undervalued citizen science data resource and can provide valuable observation records for data-poor species. Here, we highlight the utility of such data by compiling four tag-recapture datasets (n = 20 878 tags) to describe the movements and distribution of a piscivorous predator, tailor Pomatomus saltatrix, with respect to their environment. We compared species distribution models that explored a trade-off between temporal duration and spatial extent. Both models revealed sea surface temperature (SST) was an important factor in describing the distribution and density of tailor. However, the model with broader spatial extent indicated a non-linear response to SST, peaking at 21.5°C, while the model with temporal longevity showed a linear SST response. This disjunct showcases the importance of building models across an adequate geographic extent to ensure covariate responses are not truncated. This is the first study to comprehensively describe the distribution and migrations of adult tailor across their eastern Australian distribution. The results are discussed in light of ocean warming along eastern Australia, and the subsequent implications for using tag-recapture data in fisheries management.
Okuma Yazmayı Farklı Yazı Türleriyle Öğrenen Öğretmen Adaylarının Bitişik Eğik Yazıya İlişkin Görüşleri

Arastirmanin amaci ilk okuma yazmayi farkli yazi turleriyle ogrenen sinif ogretmeni adaylarinin bitisik egik yaziya yonelik goruslerini ve bu goruslerin cinsiyete ve ogrendikleri yazi turune gore anlamli bir farklilik gosterip gostermedigini ortaya cikarmaktir. Calismada nicel arastirma yontemlerinden betimsel tarama modeli kullanilmistir. Calismanin evrenini 2018-2019 ogretim yilinda Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Temel Egitim Bolumu Sinif Egitimi Anabilim Dali’nda 3. ve 4. sinifta ogrenimini surduren ogretmen adaylari olusturmustur. Bu evrenden amacli ornekleme yoluyla secilen 136 sinif ogretmeni adayi ile calisma gerceklestirilmistir. Veri toplama araci olarak Cakir (2012) tarafindan gelistirilen “Bitisik Egik Yaziya Iliskin Gorus Olcegi” kullanilmistir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 22 programi ile analiz edilmis, analiz sonuclari frekans ve yuzde olarak gosterilmistir. Demografik ozelliklerle ogretmen adaylarinin gorusleri arasindaki farklilasmaya bakmak adina bagimsiz gruplar icin t-Testi uygulanmistir. Olcek genelinde verilen yanitlar incelendiginde; katilimcilarin cogunun bitisik egik yaziya iliskin olumsuz gorus belirttikleri sonucuna varilmistir. Bitisik egik yaziya yonelik goruslerde cinsiyete gore anlamli bir farklilik gorulmezken; ogrenilen yazi turune gore bitisik egik yaziyla ogrenenler lehine anlamli bir farklilik oldugu gorulmustur.