Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and associated factors of medical adhesive-related skin injury in cardiac critical care units.

OBJECTIVE To identify and analyze the point prevalence of medical adhesive-related skin injury in patients hospitalized in cardiac Intensive Care Units and demographic and clinical factors associated to their occurrence. METHOD Cross-sectional study conducted in Intensive Care Units of two public hospitals, reference centers for cardiology, located in São Paulo city, with 123 patients. Demographic and clinical data from patients' medical records were collected and lesions were identified through skin inspection. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate analysis (Classification and Regression Tree). RESULTS Medical adhesive-related skin injury was presented by 28 patients, which amounts to a 22.7% prevalence. Its main causative agent was transparent polyurethane film (46.9%) and the cervical region was the most affected area (25.1%). From the multivariate analysis, the associated factors were found to be the presence of serum urea higher than or equal to 48.5 mg/dL and platelets lower than 193,500 mm3 or platelets higher than or equal to 193,500 mm3 and systolic blood pressure higher than or equal to 122 mmHg. CONCLUSION This study has contributed to knowledge related to the epidemiology of this type of injury, favoring preventive care planning.
Speciation rates are positively correlated with the rate of plumage color evolution in hummingbirds

A fascinating pattern in nature is the uneven distribution of biodiversity among clades, some with low species richness and phenotypic variation in contrast to others with remarkable species richness and phenotypic diversity. In animals, communication signals are crucial for intra‐ and interspecific interactions and are likely an important factor in speciation. However, evidence for the association between the evolution of such signals and speciation is mixed. In hummingbirds, plumage coloration is an important communication signal, particularly for mate selection. Here, using reflectance data for 237 hummingbird species (∼66% of total diversity), we demonstrate that color evolution rates are associated with speciation rates, and that differences among feather patches are consistent with an interplay between natural and sexual selection. We found that female color evolution rates of multiple plumage elements, including the gorget, were similar to those of males. Although male color evolution in this patch was associated with speciation, female gorget color evolution was not. In other patches, the relationship between speciation and color evolution rates was pervasive between sexes. We anticipate that future studies on animal communication will likely find that evolution of signaling traits of both sexes has played a vital role in generating signal and species diversity.
Delineating the Smith‐Kingsmore syndrome phenotype: Investigation of 16 patients with the MTOR c.5395G > A p.(Glu1799Lys) missense variant

Smith‐Kingsmore Syndrome (SKS) is a rare genetic syndrome associated with megalencephaly, a variable intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and MTOR gain of function variants. Only 30 patients with MTOR missense variants are published, including 14 (47%) with the MTOR c.5395G>A p.(Glu1799Lys) variant. Limited phenotypic data impacts the quality of information delivered to families and the robustness of interpretation of novel MTOR missense variation. This study aims to improve our understanding of the SKS phenotype through the investigation of 16 further patients with the MTOR c.5395G>A p.(Glu1799Lys) variant. Through the careful phenotypic evaluation of these 16 patients and integration with data from 14 previously reported patients, we have defined major (100% patients) and frequent (>15%) SKS clinical characteristics and, using these data, proposed guidance for evidence‐based management. In addition, in the absence of functional studies, we suggest that the combination of the SKS major clinical features of megalencephaly (where the head circumference is at least 3SD) and an intellectual disability with a de novo MTOR missense variant (absent from population databases) should be considered diagnostic for SKS.
General anesthesia in the parturient

Airway management in the pregnant woman presents unique challenges due to anatomic and physiological changes in pregnancy, situational factors including urgency of surgery and isolated location, and lack of training opportunities because of the reduced number of obstetric general anesthetics. In addition, the presence of the fetus means that severe hypoxia during difficult airway management can potentially compromise 2 lives and creates a potential conflict between the needs of the mother and the fetus. Rapid sequence induction (RSI) with cricoid force (CF) and tracheal intubation for obstetric general anesthesia (GA) is considered the gold standard. The recently published Obstetric Anaesthetists Association/Difficult Airway Society (OAA/DAS) difficult airway guidelines emphasize the need for good planning, preparation, and effective team communication before performing RSI to ensure a good outcome for the mother and the baby.
Determination of Ligustrazin and Ferulic Acid in Si-wu-tang and Its Related Preparations by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

A method based on capillary zone electrophoresis was developed for the determina tion of ligustrazin and ferulic acid in Si-wu-tang and its related preparation s. The two analytes were successfully separated within 24 min in a uncoated fuse d silica capillary with a 50 mmol/L borax-NaOH buffer solution (pH 900) u nder 20 kV. The effects of voltage, concentration and pH value of the running bu ffer on the separation of the analytes were also examined to acquire the optimu m conditions. The response was linear over working range with detection limits ( S/N=3) of 1675×10-4 g/L for ligustrazin (LIG) and 3279×10 -4 g/L for ferulic acid (FA). This proposed method demonstrated good rep roducibility with RSDs of less than 4% for both migration time and the relative peak area (n=6). It has been successfully applied to the actual samples, and satisfactory results were achieved.
Bandgap Engineering in the Configurational Space of Solid Solutions via Machine Learning: (Mg,Zn)O Case Study

Computer simulations of alloys’ properties often require calculations in a large space of configurations in a supercell of the crystal structure. A common approach is to map density functional theory results into a simplified interaction model using so-called cluster expansions, which are linear on the cluster correlation functions. Alternative descriptors have not been sufficiently explored so far. We show here that a simple descriptor based on the Coulomb matrix eigenspectrum clearly outperforms the cluster expansion for both total energy and bandgap energy predictions in the configurational space of a MgO–ZnO solid solution, a prototypical oxide alloy for bandgap engineering. Bandgap predictions can be further improved by introducing non-linearity via gradient-boosted decision trees or neural networks based on the Coulomb matrix descriptor.
Identifying Influential Nodes Using a Shell-Based Ranking and Filtering Method in Social Networks

The main goal in the influence maximization problem (IMP) is to find k minimum nodes with the highest influence spread on the social networks. Since IMP is NP-hard and is not possible to obtain the optimum results, it is considered by heuristic algorithms. Many strategies focus on the power of the influence spread of core nodes to find k influential nodes. Most of the core detection-based methods concentrate on nodes in the highest core and often give the same power for all nodes in the best core. However, some other nodes fairly have the potential to select as seed nodes in other less important cores, because these nodes can play an important role in the diffusion of information among the core nodes with other nodes. Given this fact, this article proposes a new shell-based ranking and filtering method, called shell-based ranking and filtering method (SRFM), for selecting influential seeds with the aim to maximize influence in the network. The proposed algorithm initially selects a set of nodes in different shells. Moreover, a set of the candidate nodes are created, and most of the periphery nodes are removed during a pruning approach to reduce the computational overhead. Therefore, the seed nodes are selected from the candidate nodes set using the role of the bridge nodes. Experimental results in both synthetic and real data sets showed that the proposed SRFM algorithm has more acceptable efficiency in the influence spread and runtime than other algorithms.
Sirtuins as pharmacological targets in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that regulate several processes, such as transcription, cell proliferation, differentiation and development. HDACs are classified as either Zn2+‐dependent or NAD+‐dependent enzymes. Over the years, experimental and clinical evidence has demonstrated that HDAC modulation is a critical process in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, most of the studies have focused on the role of Zn2+‐dependent HDACs in the development of these diseases, although there is growing evidence showing that the NAD+‐dependent HDACs, known as sirtuins, are also very promising targets. This possibility has been strengthened by reports of decreased levels of NAD+ in CNS disorders, which can lead to alterations in sirtuin activation and therefore result in increased pathology. In this review, we discuss the role of sirtuins in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders as well the possible rationale for them to be considered as pharmacological targets in future therapeutic interventions.
Prevalence of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis.

Importance Hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by occlusion of hair follicles as a primary pathogenic factor. There are scarce data regarding the prevalence of HS. Objective To estimate overall HS prevalence. Data Sources This review and meta-regression analysis was conducted using the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guideline. The academic search included PubMed, Cochrane registry, ClinicalTrials.gov, and evidence by NHS UK and Trip databases from inception through May 2020. To analyze HS prevalence, only cross-sectional studies or baseline assessments of longitudinal cohorts using census-based surveys or probabilistic and nonprobabilistic epidemiologic methods were considered. The search terms were (prevalence OR incidence OR epidemiology) AND (hidradenitis suppurativa OR acne inversa OR Verneuil's disease). No language restriction was applied. Study Selection Original investigations that reported HS prevalence were included. After exclusion criteria were applied, 17 studies qualified for qualitative analysis, but only 16 studies were quantitatively assessed. Data Extraction and Measures Two reviewers extracted data by age, diagnostic criteria, presence of any comorbidity, sample sizes, continent/location, sex, and other characteristics. Assessment of bias risk used the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data using random-effects models to synthesize available evidence. Main Outcomes and Measures Hidradenitis suppurativa prevalence (with 95% CI) among the overall population and among subgroups. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I2 statistic). Results In 16 quantitatively assessed studies included, prevalence estimates were reported only from Western European and Scandinavian countries, the US, and Australia. Meta-analysis with random effects, after adjusting for publication bias in the prevalence estimates, revealed a 0.40% prevalence (95% CI, 0.26%-0.63%) for HS. Studies based on clinical samples revealed a higher pooled prevalence of HS (1.7%) than population-based studies (0.3%). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this systematic review and meta-regression analysis may help facilitate policy formulation, channeling funding and guiding principles for better disease diagnosis using universal valid tools and management.
Efficacy of Distraction for Reducing Pain and Distress Associated With Venipuncture in the Pediatric Posttransplant Population

Objective Distraction can reduce pain and distress associated with painful procedures but has never been studied in children with solid organ transplants. We aimed to determine whether there is a difference in pain and distress associated with venipuncture in pediatric posttransplant patients who receive distraction compared with those who do not. Methods Randomized controlled trial of children aged 4 to 17 years with solid organ transplants undergoing venipuncture in the outpatient setting. Patients were randomized to receive distraction or no distraction. The primary outcome was the Faces Pain Scale–Revised. Secondary outcomes were the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress–Revised; Faces, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolability; and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale. Exploratory outcomes included the number of venipuncture attempts, time to successful venipuncture, and satisfaction of phlebotomists and parents. Results Median age of the 40 children enrolled was 11.5 years. Type of transplants included the heart (67.5%), kidney (22.5%), liver (7.5%), and more than 1 organ (2.5%). There was no difference between the Faces Pain Scale–Revised scores in distraction and no distraction groups (1.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.9–1.9; and 1.3, 95% confidence interval, 0.5–2.1, respectively). There was also no difference in the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress–Revised; Faces, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolability; and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale scores, number of venipuncture attempts, or time to successful venipuncture. Phlebotomists were more satisfied with the venipuncture when distraction was implemented. Conclusions In children with solid organ transplants, there was no difference in pain and distress associated with venipuncture between those who did and did not receive distraction. There was also no difference in other procedure-related outcomes except for greater phlebotomist satisfaction when distraction was implemented.
SAMM50 acts with p62 in piecemeal basal- and OXPHOS-induced mitophagy of SAM and MICOS components

Abudu et al. report that mitochondrial β-barrel biogenesis protein SAMM50 recruits ATG8 proteins through an LIR motif and interacts with p62/SQSTM1 to mediate basal piecemeal mitophagy of SAM and MICOS components. Upon metabolic switch to oxidative phosphorylation, SAMM50 and p62 cooperate to mediate efficient mitophagy.
Self-reported quality of life in people with dementia attending a day-care programme in Norway: A 24-month quasi-experimental study.

The objectives of the study were (a) to compare self-reported Quality of Life (QoL) in a 24-month follow-up of people with dementia attending day care designed for people with dementia (day-care group, DC) with people with dementia who did not attend day care (control group, CG) and (b) to explore factors associated with QoL. A quasi-experimental design with a 24-month follow-up period was used. The DC group included 181 participants recruited from 53 day-care services. The CG included 76 participants recruited from 19 municipalities with no available day care designed for people with dementia. The sample covered the four health regions of Norway and inclusion period lasted from December 2013 to July 2015. The Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QoL-AD) scale was used as the outcome measure. The differences in QoL between groups and the associations between participant characteristics and QoL, such as depressive symptoms and functional dependency, were examined using a linear mixed model. In the multiple model, the overall trend in QoL did not differ significantly between the DC and CG. However, the DC group exhibited significantly higher self-reported QoL than the CG at all time points (p < 0.001 at T0, p = 0.018 at T12, and p = 0.006 at T24). Participants with shallow or no awareness who attended day care had significantly higher scores on QoL-AD than persons with full awareness (p = 0.017). More depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) and higher functional dependency (p < 0.001) were associated with lower self-reported QoL. The study revealed higher scores of self-reported QoL among people attending day care compared with those who did not attend, showing that day care might have positive impact on the lives of people with dementia.
Depression, anxiety and stress among Swedish university students before and during six months of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cohort study

Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on societies and citizens worldwide, raising concerns about potential mental health impacts. We aimed to describe trajectories of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak compared to before the outbreak, and to determine if trajectories were modified by pre-pandemic loneliness, poor sleep quality and mental health problems. Methods: We conducted a cohort study with 1836 Swedish university students entering the study before 13 March 2020, the onset of the pandemic, with follow-ups within three (FU1) and six months (FU2) of the outbreak. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate mean differences in symptom levels over time-periods, and to estimate potential effect modifications. Results: We found small differences in mean levels of the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) over time. Compared to before the pandemic, depression increased by 0.25 points of 21 (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.45) at FU1 and decreased by 0.75/21 (95% CI:−0.97 to −0.53) at FU2. Anxiety decreased from baseline to FU1 by 0.09/21 (95% CI: −0.24 to 0.07) and by 0.77/21 (95% CI: −0.93 to −0.61) to FU2. Stress decreased from baseline to FU1 by 0.30/21 (95% CI: −0.52 to −0.09) and by 1.32/21 (95% CI: −1.55 to −1.09) to FU2. Students with pre-pandemic loneliness, poor sleep quality or pre-pandemic mental health problems did not have worse trajectories of mean mental health symptoms. Conclusions: Symptom levels were relatively stable during the first three months of the pandemic, while there was a slight decrease during the summer months, probably due to seasonality effects.
Physical Activity Participation After a 16-Week Supervised Workplace Exercise RCT With a 15-Month Follow-Up

Objective: To investigate the effects of exercise supervision on short- and longer-term moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) participation. Methods: Fifty-six Australian university employees completed a 16-week moderate-to-high intensity aerobic and resistance exercise intervention, and the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) 15 months later. Participants received either personal (SUP; n = 21) or non-personal (NPS; n = 19) exercise supervision at an onsite facility or exercised offsite with no supervision (CON; n = 16). Results: A linear mixed model identified a significant group × time interaction effect for MVPA, with increases at 15-month follow-up for CON only. Pooled data suggested more participants completed ≥500 MET-minutes of weekly MVPA at 16 weeks (66%) and 15-month follow-up (68%) compared to baseline (54%). Conclusions: A comprehensive health and fitness assessment and individually tailored exercise without personal supervision may promote ongoing MVPA.
How to face COVID-19: proposed treatments based on remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine in the presence of zinc sulfate. Docking/DFT/POM structural analysis

Abstract Remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine derivatives form two important classes of heterocyclic compounds. They are known for their anti-malarial biological activity. This research aims to analyze the physicochemical properties of remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine compounds by the computational approach. DFT, docking, and POM analyses also identify antiviral pharmacophore sites of both compounds. The antiviral activity of hydroxychloroquine compound's in the presence of zinc sulfate and azithromycin is evaluated through its capacity to coordinate transition metals (M = Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Ru, Pt). The obtained bioinformatic results showed the potent antiviral/antibacterial activity of the prepared mixture (Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin/Zinc sulfate) for all the opportunistic Gram-positive, Gram-negative in the presence of coronavirus compared with the complexes Polypyridine-Ruthenium-di-aquo. The postulated zinc(II) complex of hydroxychloroquine derivatives are indeed an effective antibacterial and antiviral agent against coronavirus and should be extended to other pathogens. The combination of a pharmacophore site with a redox [Metal(OH2)2] moiety is of crucial role to fight against viruses and bacteria strains. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Biofabrication of vasculature in microphysiological models of bone

Bone contains a dense network of blood vessels that are essential to its homoeostasis, endocrine function, mineral metabolism and regenerative functions. In addition, bone vasculature is implicated in a number of prominent skeletal diseases, and bone has high affinity for metastatic cancers. Despite vasculature being an integral part of bone physiology and pathophysiology, it is often ignored or oversimplified in in vitro bone models. However, 3D physiologically relevant vasculature can now be engineered in vitro, with microphysiological systems (MPS) increasingly being used as platforms for engineering this physiologically relevant vasculature. In recent years, vascularised models of bone in MPSs systems have been reported in the literature, representing the beginning of a possible technological step change in how bone is modelled in vitro. Vascularised bone MPSs is a subfield of bone research in its nascency, however given the impact of MPSs has had in in vitro organ modelling, and the crucial role of vasculature to bone physiology, these systems stand to have a substantial impact on bone research. However, engineering vasculature within the specific design restraints of the bone niche is significantly challenging given the different requirements for engineering bone and vasculature. With this in mind, this paper aims to serve as technical guidance for the biofabrication of vascularised bone tissue within MPS devices. We first discuss the key engineering and biological considerations for engineering more physiologically relevant vasculature in vitro within the specific design constraints of the bone niche. We next explore emerging applications of vascularised bone MPSs, and conclude with a discussion on the current status of vascularised bone MPS biofabrication and suggest directions for development of next generation vascularised bone MPSs.