Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Whispers and Concerns About the Lawyers Taking Over”: How Student Affairs Professionals Think About the Growing Need for Legal Education

Decisions in student affairs often require the integration of multiple knowledge bases (O’Brien, 2018). Although learning and development have historically been core values of the profession (Evans & Reason, 2001), legal demands on student affairs professionals have grown with increasing responsibility for compliance in areas like Title IX and campus speech policies (Kaplin & Lee, 2014; Lake, 2011). While guidelines for relevant legal training exist (American College Personnel Association & National Association of Student Personnel Administrators [ACPA & NASPA], 2015), student affairs professionals come from a variety of educational and professional backgrounds (Wesaw & Sponsler, 2014). Using a focused reanalysis of data derived from a constructivist grounded theory study of legal reasoning in student affairs, we explored how practitioners think about their own training in the law as well as how they perceive colleagues with advanced legal training (e.g., law degrees, participation in continuing education).
Studies on instant raw tamarind chutney powder

Instant raw tamarind chutney powder was prepared by mixing the dry raw tamarind powder with a suitable combination of spice powders and salt. The proximate and mineral composition of the dry raw tamarind powder and instant raw tamarind chutney powder were determined. The acid content as tartaric acid was 12.6% and 5.8% in the dry raw tamarind powder and instant chutney powder respectively. Other components in the instant chutney powder and dry raw tamarind powder were: fibre content, 12.7% and 18.7%; protein content, 7.7% and 10.3%; calcium, 64 and 111 mg/100 g; and iron, 9.5 and 4.5 mg/100 g respectively. Storage studies were carried out by packing the powders in polyethylene pouches. The polyphenol content increased in both samples during the storage period. Sensory analyses showed that the instant raw tamarind chutney powder scored 7.2 (above good) even after the 6-month storage period.
On the Oxidation of Ammonia and Mutual Sensitization of the Oxidation of No and Ammonia: Experimental and Kinetic Modeling

ABSTRACT The selective non-catalytic reduction of NO by ammonia (SNCR) has been extensively studied but no activation of ammonia oxidation by nitric oxide had been reported. Experiments performed in a jet-stirred reactor (JSR) at atmospheric pressure for various equivalence ratios (0.1–2) and initial concentrations of NH3 (500 to 1000 ppm) and NO (0 to 1000 ppm) revealed kinetic interactions similar to the so-called mutual sensitization of the oxidation of hydrocarbons and NO. The experiments were performed at fixed residence times of 100 and 200 ms, and variable temperature ranging from 1100 to 1450 K. Kinetic reaction mechanisms were used to simulate these experiments and ammonia oxidation. The most reliable model from the literature was updated (NH2 + H → NH+H2, HNO+H → NO+H2) to better predict ammonia-air burning velocities. It showed the mutual sensitization of the oxidation of ammonia and nitric oxide proceeds through several reaction pathways leading to OH production which is mainly responsible for ammonia oxidation in the current conditions: NH2 + NO → NNH + OH, NNH → N2 + H, NNH + O2 → N2 + HO2, H + O2 → OH + O, H + O2 + M → HO2 + M, and NO + HO2 → NO2 + OH.
Carbon cryogel production from lignin, ionic liquid and liquefied oil palm frond as catalyst for esterification of levulinic acid

Carbon cryogel synthesized from lignin, ionic liquid (IL) and mixtures of liquefied oil palm frond-ionic liquid (LOPF-IL), was used as an acid catalyst for esterification of levulinic acid in ethanol. Commercial lignin was reacted with furfural via sol-gel poly-condensation reaction at 90 °C for 30 min and the gel was freeze-dried and finally carbonized or calcined to produce carbon cryogel. Parametric study for the gel preparation was conducted to evaluate the carbon cryogel surface area and acidity. Similar parametric study was also performed on gel synthesis from IL and furfural. The selected gel condition of IL and furfural was applied for gel preparation from LOPF-IL and furfural. Nitrogen physisorption and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia measurements revealed the selected carbon cryogels obtained a large total surface area (>200 m2/g) and high acidity (>10 mmol/g). The selected carbon cryogels from lignin-furfural (CCLF), IL-furfural (CCIL) and liquefied OPF-IL-furfural (CCOPF) were further characterized using thermogravimetric analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. The phase structure of the synthesized spherical carbon cryogel was amorphous, has micro structures (microspheres) and thermally stable. The synthesized CCLF, CCIL and CCOPF were tested as catalyst in the esterification of levulinic acid. Carbon cryogels showed high potential as an acid catalyst for levulinic acid esterification with above 70.0 mol. % yield of ethyl levulinate. The kinetic studies using CCLF and CCIL revealed the esterification of levulinic acid followed pseudo-first order kinetics and have low activation energy. Meanwhile, the thermodynamic parameters conferred the reaction was endergonic and more ordered.
The Effect of Mycobacteriumavium Complex Infections on Routine Mycobacteriumbovis Diagnostic Tests

1Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland 2Central Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 65, Edelhertweg 15, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands 3Department of Infectious Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark 4Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland
Identification of Small Molecules Blocking the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion System Protein PcrV

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that employs its type III secretion system (T3SS) during the acute phase of infection to translocate cytotoxins into the host cell cytoplasm to evade the immune system. The PcrV protein is located at the tip of the T3SS, facilitates the integration of pore-forming proteins into the eukaryotic cell membrane, and is required for translocation of cytotoxins into the host cell. In this study, we used surface plasmon resonance screening to identify small molecule binders of PcrV. A follow-up structure-activity relationship analysis resulted in PcrV binders that protect macrophages in a P. aeruginosa cell-based infection assay. Treatment of P. aeruginosa infections is challenging due to acquired, intrinsic, and adaptive resistance in addition to a broad arsenal of virulence systems such as the T3SS. Virulence blocking molecules targeting PcrV constitute valuable starting points for development of next generation antibacterials to treat infections caused by P. aeruginosa.
3D numerical investigation of a free-burning argon arc with metal electrodes using a novel sheath coupling procedure

A novel coupling procedure describing the complicated plasma-electrode interaction process has been developed and applied into the 3D finite volume simulation of a direct current tungsten inert gas welding system. This is achieved by making the space charge layer (sheath) incorporated into the computation domain and interact with both bulk plasma and cathode through the effective electrical conductivity. Both chemical and thermal nonequilibrium phenomena as well as the self-induced magnetic fields have been taken into consideration by the model to ensure a realistic numerical description of a non-thermal arc. The applicability of this coupling procedure is further improved by calculating the real electric potential, which is capable of accounting for the effects of the complicated drift and diffusion processes. Numerical results of both 100 and 200 A discharge currents are presented, field reversal is obtained at near-anode regions in both cases, which is followed by the negative anode sheath potential drop. The region of the strongest electron overpopulation appears at the intersection of plasma fringes and electrode surface. Numerical results of plasma temperature and voltage show good agreement with experimental measurements.
Antioxidant fortification of yogurt with red cactus pear peel and its mucilage

ABSTRACT The addition of red cactus pear peel and its mucilage on color, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity (AC) of yogurt was investigated. Peel and its mucilage were dried and used for the formulation of different yogurt blends following a constrained mixture design. Color, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total betalains and AC were evaluated in formulated yogurts. An optimization process was conducted thereafter, and the bioactive compounds and AC of this yogurt were evaluated before and after gastrointestinal simulation. Results indicated that cactus pear peel and its mucilage give a nice magenta color to the yogurts, and also increase the bioactive compounds and AC of them. Optimization procedure indicates that yogurt formulated with 5.5% of cactus pear peel and 7.5% of mucilage displays the highest bioactive compounds and AC; moreover, they were significantly increased (p < 0.05) by the simulated gastrointestinal process.
The role of mitochondria in human liver cell line differentiation for bioartificial livers

Bioartificial livers (BALs) have been developed to provide liver support to patients with end-stage liver failure and bridge them either to liver transplantation or native liver recovery. BALs are extracorporeal devices through which plasma is circulated over liver cells embedded in a bioreactor. Hepatic functions required for BAL-support include ammonia elimination, preferably through urea cycle activity, biotransformation, lactate elimination and blood protein synthesis. In this thesis, we analyzed the performance of human liver cell lines utilized as biocomponents of BALs and increased their applicability by optimizing culturing conditions and/or overexpressing critically low expressed genes. The functionality of human liver cell lines HepaRG and C3A was compared in conventional monolayer culture and in BAL-culture. The functionality of both cell lines was highly improved under BAL-culturing with HepaRG cells being most promising. The positive effects of BAL-culturing were highly associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis, which was stimulated by 3D-configuration, medium flow and high oxygenation. With this knowledge, we improved the monolayer culture procedures of both cell lines by culturing in 40%O2 (hyperoxia) instead of conventional normoxia (20%O2) or by shaking instead of static culturing. Both strategies stimulated hepatic functions and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Hypoxia (5%O2), on the other hand, increased the stability of the HepaRG cell line. By overexpressing the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a liver-enriched transcription factor, the biotransformation, stability, and mitochondrial energy metabolism were improved in the HepaRG cell line. In parallel, urea cycle activity was improved by shaking and overexpressing the critically low expressed Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase gene
State-of-the-art of tools and methods to assess vine water status

Rising global air temperatures will lead to an increased evapotranspiration and altered precipitation pattern. In many regions this may result in a negative water balance during the vegetative cycle, which can augment the risk of drought and will require mitigation strategies. These strategies, ultimately, will mean the installation of irrigation systems in some winegrowing regions where vines were cultivated historically under rain-fed conditions and growers do not have many years of experience with vine water management.This review aims to provide a state-of-the-art summary of the recent and most important literature on vine water assessment for monitoring and adapting vineyard management strategies to production goals in view of global warming. Plant, soil and atmospheric methods are reviewed, and their advantages and drawbacks are discussed. Recent advances in plant water status measurement reveal the limitation of traditional techniques such as water potential, particularly in the context of drought and high vapor pressure deficit and the discoveries regarding hydraulic and stomatal regulation. New technologies can integrate heterogeneous sources of information collected in the vineyard at different spatial and temporal resolutions. Such new approaches offer new synergies to overcome limitations inherent to plant water status measurement techniques obtained directly or indirectly from proxy measurements.
Facile synthesis of N’-(anthracen-9(10H)-ylidene)-4-(4-hydrophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetra hydropyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide and other derivatives

Pyrimidine as vital constituents of nucleic acid is recognized for its role in the chemotherapy of AIDS. Hydrazide-hydrazones are important moieties with notable biological diversity in drug design. Thus, the aim of this present study is to synthetically couple these two frameworks together in order to achieve small molecular targets for possible development of improved therapeutic candidates. This was achieved in a domino reaction starting with one-pot three-component reaction to afford ethyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate, 7 which upon treatment with hydrazine hydrate under acid-mediated condition gave 8, as an essential precursor and reactive intermediate. The expeditious condensation of intermediate 8 with various cyclic and straight chain ketones furnished N’-(anthracen-9(10H)-ylidene)-4-(4-hydrophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5 -carbohydrazide 9a and other 9b-i scaffolds as envisaged. The reaction progress was monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and upon reaction completion, the purification process was carried out with recrystallization and/or column chromatography. The authenticity of the prepared products 9a-i was confirmed by spectroscopic means including IR, UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and DEPT-135 as well as analytical data. These final products are good candidates for further study as regards anti-plasmodial activity which are been developed and examined.
Trinodal Self-Penetrating Nets from Reactions of 1,4-Bis(alkoxy)-2,5-bis(3,2’:6’,3’’-terpyridin-4’-yl)benzene Ligands with Cobalt(II) Thiocyanate

The tetratopic ligands 1,4-bis(2-ethylbutoxy)-2,5-bis(3,2’:6’,3’’-terpyridin-4’-yl)benzene (1) and 1,4-bis(3-methylbutoxy)-2,5-bis(3,2’:6’,3’’-terpyridin-4’-yl)benzene (2) have been prepared and characterized by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR, IR, and absorption spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. Reactions of 1 and 2 with cobalt(II) thiocyanate under conditions of crystal growth at room temperature result in the formation of [{Co(1)(NCS)2}·MeOH·3CHCl3]n and [{Co(2)(NCS)2}·0.8MeOH·1.8CHCl3]n. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that each crystal lattice consists of a trinodal self-penetrating (62.84)(64.82)(65.8)2 net. The nodes are defined by two independent cobalt centres and the centroids of two crystallographically independent ligands which are topologically equivalent.
Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Plants Grown at Low CO2 Conditions of the Past

For most of the recent evolutionary history of plants, atmospheric CO2 concentrations have been far below modern values. However, little is known about how plants grown in a low CO2 environment balance their carbon demand for growth while meeting their requirement for nitrogen acquisition, the establishment of mycorrhizal fungal associations, and the production of defense compounds. Here, I investigated how low CO2 affects Elymus canadensis and Picea mariana by comparing their growth at low and current CO2 concentrations. I found that reduced N availability exacerbated low CO2 effects on growth, and reduced stomatal index and N isotope composition, indicating that the use of these variables as paleo-indicators can be influenced by N availability. Mycorrhizal association was enhanced in low-CO2 plants, and increased root N but decreased root δN, which could skew the interpretation of δN when comparing nonand mycorrhizal ancient plant samples. Growth at low CO2 decreased the formation and size of resin ducts and terpene production, suggesting that plants growing at past CO2 conditions had reduced capacity to chemically defend against herbivory.
Physical activity and hip fracture: a population-based case-control study

women who reported no leisure activity, the odds ratios (OR) were 0.79 (95% CI : 0.62‐1.00), 0.67 (95% CI : 0.54‐0.84) and 0.48 (95% CI : 0.39‐0.60) for women who exercised ,1 h per week, 1‐2 h per week, and 3+ h per week, respectively. These decreased OR were more pronounced in women who had lost weight after 18 years of age than in those who had gained weight. Women with high physical activity at both 18‐30 years and during recent years did not have a stronger protection than those with isolated high activity late in life, after accounting for recent activity. Occupational physical activity was not associated with hip fracture risk in this study. Conclusions Recent physical activity is protective against hip fracture. The protective effect is most pronounced in women who had lost weight after age 18.
Crystal growth of hydroxyapatite microplates synthesised by Sol–Gel method

Hydroxyapatite microplates were synthesised by the Sol-Gel method using a mixture of calcium nitrate and potassium phosphate. The reaction took place at room temperature for 48 h, 300, 400, 500 and 600°C calcination temperatures were made in order to study the effect of this temperature on the growth and morphology of the nanostructures. Crystalline composition, functional groups and surface morphology were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Hydroxyapatite microplates with average dimensions of 40 μm × 13 μm was obtained, the morphology of the surface is well defined in the form of a plate composed of a large number of small nanofibers. According to the studies by XRD, preferential orientations in the directions (200) and (002) were observed which is attributed to the conditions of synthesis.
Analysis of Depletion and Inventory of the Fuel for the MNSR Research Reactor Using the Deterministic Code DRAGON5

Abstract The Syrian miniature neutron source reactor (MNSR), a 30-kW, 90.0% highly enriched uranium fueled (U-Al) MNSR-type reactor has gone critical. Under operating conditions of 2 h per day for 5 days a week at a peak thermal neutron flux of 1.0 × 1012 n/cm2·s, the estimated core life is 10 years. After the fuel is depleted, the full spent-fuel assembly will be replaced with new low-enriched uranium. This study presents the results of a multigroup fuel burnup and depletion analysis of the MNSR fuel lattice using the DRAGON5 transport lattice code. Furthermore, infinite multiplication factor k∞ and several two-group macroscopic parameters, including scattering cross section, fission cross section, total cross section, and diffusion coefficient, and the transport mean free path have been studied. In addition to this, fuel isotopic composition dependency on burnup was calculated as a part of this study. The results contained in this study can be used as a microscopic database for performing criticality safety analysis and shielding computations for the design of a spent-fuel storage cask for the MNSR reactor core.
Effects of sulfometuron-methyl as chemical ripener on growth and yield of three sweet sorghum cultivars.

The effect of sulfometuron-methyl as chemical ripener on growth and yield of three sweet sorghum cultivars was investigated. The results revealed that for three sweet sorghumcultivars, growth and yield of Ethanol 2 cultivar were largest and followed by KKU 40 and Cowley cultivars, respectively. Sulfometuron-methyl mainly affected on growth and yield of sweet sorghum. As different sulfometuron-methyl concentration levels, the increasing doses of sulfometuron-methyl concentration were decreased the growth and yield of sweet sorghum. Juice extract yield, brix degree and stem fresh weight yield of sweet sorghum were the largest at 1,000 mg lit -1 sulfometuron-methyl concentration when compared to the other concentration and control treatment. However, it was recommended that the most suitable application of sulfometuron-methyl was 1,000 mg lit -1 concentration with Ethanol 2 cultivar. In addition, all of the growth parameters, It was not found the interaction between sulfometuron-methyl concentrations and sweet sorghum cultivars.
Kinematical and neuromuscular assessment of the rowing exercise in the upright position with barbell to improve muscle strength and muscle endurance in group fitness classes

Fifteen male subjects (25.6 ± 3.8 years-old; 1.8 ± 0.1 [m] of body height; 75.7 ± 7.4 [kg] of body mass; 24,4 ± 2,0 [kg.m -2 ] of body mass index; 334.5 ± 119.3 [min.week -1 ] of physical activity) composed the sample group. All subjects were familiarized and/or participated on regular basis in strength group fitness classes. All procedures were in accordance to the Helsinki Declaration regarding experiments with Human subjects.
Progression of treatment strategies in type 2 diabetes

Worldwide, the number of people with diabetes is estimated to be 285 million and is projected to reach 438 million in 2030. Approximately 10% of the US adult population have diabetes. Type 2 diabetes results in considerable morbidity and mortality, primarily the result of the development of microvascular disease (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular disease (cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disease) complications. The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes is imposing a huge clinical and economic burden on medical institutions and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Most currently available guidelines for the treatment of hyperglycemia in people with type 2 diabetes suggest lifestyle changes followed by the use of metformin or a combination of both. Should this initial regimen fail, there is uncertainty and variation of opinion as to what are the most effective second-line treatment strategies. The introduction of newer pharmacological agents, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, has complicated the situation further. In addition, the lack of comparative and long-term studies of these agents in people with type 2 diabetes hinders clinicians’ ability to determine the most appropriate place for these new agents in management strategies.