Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient healthcare logistics with a human touch

Despite the long experienced urgency of rapidly increasing healthcare expenditures, there is still a large potential to improve hospitals' logistical efficiency. Operations Research (OR) methodologies may support healthcare professionals in making better decisions concerning planning and capacity issues and improving efficiency in the delivery of healthcare, but appears to be lacking implementation in practice. This thesis displays OR research that focuses both on theoretical results and practical applications, aiming to improve efficiency while improving compliance with patients' and physicians' preferences. Logistical efficiency lacks a uniform definition, and depends on the performance measures and objectives for each logistical process. In this thesis we optimize logistical efficiency in three different ways: (1) we balance utilization, to prevent that patients at one inpatient ward have to be deferred; (2) we align or optimize resource schedules at several hospital departments, to minimize patients' waiting and access times; and (3) we optimize room assignments and working routines, to reduce patients' length of stay at the emergency department. Optimizing the efficiency of healthcare logistics often improves both patient-friendliness and quality of care through better accessibility and alignment of the appointments, and may provide the hospital with the possibility to treat more patients with the same capacity. Although from a mathematical viewpoint healthcare logistics are similar to logistics in production factories or service industries, a hospital is not a factory that produces products and physicians and nurses are not assembly robots; curing patients still requires much interaction between patients and practitioners. Therefore, practitioners who are structurally overloaded, or otherwise unhappy or unfocused in performing their jobs, may be a risk to the quality of care. To this end, besides patient-centered logistical efficiency, in this thesis we incorporate physician and nursing staff objectives and preferences into our optimization models. We take overtime into account, balance the workload, or maximize the compliance with physicians' preferences. Additionally, by organizing processes efficiently and/or computerizing scheduling tasks, physicians are alleviated from ancillary tasks so they can spend more time on actual patient care. Therefore, the logistical approaches presented in this thesis all have a human touch, and create both patient- and physician-centered solutions.
Combined Inversion of Land and Marine Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Submarine Groundwater Discharge and Saltwater Intrusion Characterization

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is particularly suited for the characterization of saltwater intrusion and submarine freshwater discharge, given its sensitivity to the electrical conductivity of pore water. A comprehensive survey might combine land ERT collected during low tide and marine ERT acquired with lower sensitivity due to the presence of a seawater layer, most often, inverted separately. In this contribution, we propose a new methodology to jointly invert land and marine ERT acquired along a same profile, bringing them to a common situation at high tide. We first estimate the electrical resistivity distribution under the land profile. Then, we compute a corrected data set for land ERT, simulating a data set collected with the same level of water as the marine ERT. Finally, both land and marine ERT data sets are inverted jointly. We show that the approach allows to better image the freshwater/saltwater distribution across the shoreline.
Atlas of the OMERACT Heel Enthesitis MRI Scoring System (HEMRIS)

Objective Assessment of enthesitis, a key feature in spondyloarthritis (SpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), using objective and sensitive methods is pivotal in clinical trials. MRI allows detection of both soft tissue and intra-osseous changes of enthesitis. This article presents an atlas for the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Heel Enthesitis Magnetic Resonance ImagingMRI Scoring System (HEMRIS). Methods Following a preliminary selection of potential examples of each grade, as per HEMRIS definitions, the images along with detailed definitions and reader rules were discussed at web-based, interactive meetings between the members of the OMERACT MRI in Arthritis Working Group. Results Reference images of each grade of the MRI features to be assessed using HEMRIS, along with reader rules and recommended MRI sequences are depicted. Conclusion The presented reference images can be used to guide scoring Achilles tendon and plantar fascia (plantar aponeurosis) enthesitis according to the OMERACT HEMRIS in clinical trials and cohorts in which MRI enthesitis is used as an outcome.
Indeks Ukuran Tubuh, Lingkar Skrotum dan Panjang Tanduk Kambing Boerka dengan Pakan Imbangan Energi- Protein Berbeda

Performans ternak tidak hanya dapat ditentukan dengan bobot badan tetapi juga dengan melihat ukuran-ukuran tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kisaran nilai Indeks Ukuran Tubuh (IUT), lingkar skrotum dan panjang tanduk kambing Boerka yang diberi pakan dengan imbangan energi protein berbeda. Ternak yang digunakan dalam dalam penelitian ini adalah kambing boerka jantan umur 5 bulan sebanyak 36 ekor. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan enam perlakuan pakan imbangan energi-protein berbeda yaitu: P1 (63,10% TDN; 13,00%PK), P2 (62,69% TDN; 15,00% PK), P3 (65,00%TDN; 13,00% PK), P4 (65,00% TDN; 15,00% PK), P5 (70,00% TDN; 13,00%PK) dan P6 (70,00%TDN; 15,00% PK). Data dianalisis dengan analysis of Variance (ANOVA) satu arah dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan jika terdapat perbedaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian pakan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P 0,05) terhadap lingkar dada, lingkar skrotum, panjang tanduk dan IUT. Ukuran nilai IUT terbaik diperoleh pada pemberian pakan dengan imbangan TDN 62,69% dan protein 15,00%. IUT berkorelasi dengan lingkar skrotum tetapi tidak mempunyai korelasi dengan panjang tanduk.
CFD investigation of pitch-type wave energy converter-rotor based on RANS simulations

ABSTRACT The hydrodynamic performance of wave energy converter (WEC)-rotors is studied with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations. A thorough sensitivity analysis, which affects the solution accuracy, is performed, and the pros and cons associated with the influential parameters are discussed. In addition, the CFD results are validated against experimental data. Initially, the effectiveness of wave generation and absorption is tested by conducting a long-term simulations, and the accuracy of the simulation is assessed by comparing the results with those obtained using the fifth-order Stokes wave theory. The numerically simulated pitch response of the WEC-rotor remains steady for several periods, and the predicted results agree well with the experimental data. Finally, the selected settings are applied to investigate the prototype WEC-rotor along with the three-dimensional linear potential flow theory in the cases without and with power take-off (PTO) damping moment.
Morphological diversity of lacrimal canaliculus observed by dynamic OCT with extrinsic contrast agent

In this study, a diversity of the human lacrimal canaliculus (LC) shape was shown using dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) method. D-OCT is a method of clear imaging of a fluid using a contrast agent. LC plays an important role in tear drainage system and it is expected to assess LC in detail without pain of subjects. Non-invasive and non-contact OCT imaging of LC of 6 eyes of 3 subjects was performed. The LC images were cut out by applying the D-OCT method and three-dimensionally reconstructed to evaluate the characteristics of LC. Although no significant difference was found between the left and right LCs of the same subject, it was shown that individual differences were remarkable.
Application of Grid Search Parameter Optimized Bayesian Logistic Regression Algorithm to Detect Cyberbullying in Turkish Microblog Data

Internet kullanicilari ve sosyal medya platformlari arasinda buyuk bir etkilesim vardir. Bu etkilesimin sonucu olarak ortaya cikan devasa boyutlardaki kullanici verileri bircok yonden incelenmeye degerdir. Kullanici verilerini baz alarak ortaya cikan arastirma alanlarindan birisi de onemli guvenlik problemlerinden biri olan siber zorbaliktir. Bu sorun, siber suclarin kaynagi olarak kabul edildiginden, mikro-blog metinleri uzerinden siber zorbalik saldirilarini/kaynaklarini tespit etmeyi hedefleyen bir sistemin tasarimi onemli bir konudur. Bu alandaki akademik calismalarin bircogu Ingilizce dilinde yazilmis metinleri ele almaktadir. Bu calismanin ozgunlugu Turkce metinlerde yer alan sanal zorbalik ogelerini en dogru sekilde tespit edebiliyor olmasidir. Bu amacla, Twitter’dan toplanan kullanici twitleri uzerinde parametreleri Grid Arama Algoritmasi ile belirlenen, Bayes Lojistik Regresyon denetimli ogrenme algoritmasi kullanilmistir. Metin verilerinin makine ogrenmesi algoritmalari icin yuksek boyutlu bir egitim alani olusturmasi sebebi ile Ki-Kare ozellik secim stratejisi kullanilarak en belirleyici ozelliklere karar verilmistir. Sonuc olarak, calismamiz ozellik sayisinin minimum hale getirilmis versiyonu ile, 0.925'lik bir F-olcum degeri uretmistir. Onerilen yontemimizin sonuclari literaturde sikca kullanilan makine ogrenme yontemleri ile karsilastirilmis ve ilgili bolumlerde sonuclari paylasilmistir.
Optimal Scheduling of EV Charging at a Solar Power-Based Charging Station

The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) has prodigious plausibility in reducing green house gas (GHG). But EVs acceptance is, however, hindered by several challenges; among them is their avidity for quicker charging at lower price. This article considers a photovoltaic (PV)-powered station equipped with an energy storage system (ESS), which is assumed to be capable of assigning variable charging rates to different EVs to fulfill their demands inside their declared deadlines at minimum price. To ensure fairness, a charging rate-dependent pricing mechanism is proposed to assure a higher price for enjoying a higher charging rate. The PV generation profile and future load request are forecasted at each time slot, to handle the respective uncertainty. An integer linear programming (ILP)-based centralized system is first proposed to minimize the charging price per EV. Due to the larger computational time, we subsequently present two game theoretic algorithms, i.e., game 1 and game 2. In game 1, players are oblivious of upcoming charging requests, whereas in game 2, players consider the future anticipated load to select their charging strategies. The games are shown to converge to a Nash equilibrium. The average unit price of game 2 is shown to be the same as the one of the optimal solution and takes considerably less computation time than the centralized method.
Local adaptation constrains drought tolerance in a tropical foundation tree

Plant species with broad climatic ranges might be more vulnerable to climate change than previously appreciated due to intraspecific variation in climatic stress tolerance. In tropical forests, drought is increasingly frequent and severe, causing widespread declines and altering community dynamics. Yet, little is known about whether foundation tropical trees vary in drought tolerance throughout their distributions, and how intraspecific variation in drought tolerance might contribute to their vulnerability to climate change. We tested for local adaptation in seedling emergence and establishment with a full‐factorial reciprocal transplant experiment including 27 populations and 109,350 seeds along a 3,500 mm precipitation gradient for a widespread tropical foundation tree, Metrosideros polymorpha, in Hawaii. To more precisely relate seedling performance to soil moisture, we conducted a complementary greenhouse experiment to test responses of the same focal populations to simulated drought. In the reciprocal transplant experiment, we observed significant variation among populations and sites in germination and seedling establishment rates. Overall, there was a significant link between historical rainfall of populations and their performance under current rainfall at the study sites consistent with local adaptation. In particular, populations from historically wet sites demonstrated lower germination rates in currently dry sites compared to wet field sites, while populations from historically dry sites germinated well across all sites, with particularly high germination in dry sites. In the greenhouse, seedlings from wet populations survived fewer days without water, and succumbed at wetter soil conditions than populations from historically dry sites, corroborating results from the field experiment. Synthesis. While climate change models project the greatest drying trends for historically dry areas in Hawaii, even moderate drying of wet sites could significantly reduce Metrosideros polymorpha recruitment given the sensitivity of seedlings to very slight changes in water regimes. Thus, although M. polymorpha demonstrates high seedling drought tolerance in some populations, providing evidence of resilience at the species‐scale, there are nonetheless vulnerable populations that will likely decline under climate change. Our approach demonstrates that even trees with high dispersal abilities can show significant clines in drought tolerance, and suggests that similar intraspecific variation might be an important consideration for other tropical foundational tree species.
Establishing Platoons of Bidirectional Cooperative Vehicles With Engine Limits and Uncertain Dynamics

In adaptive platooning strategies proposed in literature to handle uncertain and nonidentical uncertain vehicle dynamics (uncertain heterogeneous platoons) two aspects requiring proper design are neglected: bidirectional interaction among vehicles which might lead to loss of string stability, and engine saturation constraints which might lead to loss of cohesiveness. This work proposes a novel adaptive platooning strategy handling these two crucial aspects. Specifically, bidirectional interaction is handled by designing bidirectional reference dynamics with proven string stability properties, to which the uncertain heterogeneous platoon should homogenize; engine constraints are handled via a proposed a mechanism that makes such reference dynamics ‘not too demanding’, by properly saturating their action. The saturation action will allow all vehicles in the platoon to not hit their engine limits, preserving cohesiveness. Simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical analysis and show the effectiveness of the method in retaining cohesiveness of the platoon.
Predicting trajectories of symptom change during and following treatment in adolescents with Unipolar Major Depression

The IMPACT study was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme (project number 06/05/01). MR-IMPACT was funded by the Medical Research Council (grant: G0802226) and IMPACT-GH was funded by the Evelyn Trust. My doctoral studentship was awarded by the Neuroscience in Psychiatry (NSPN.Org) Consortium itself funded by a strategic award from the Wellcome Trust (095844/Z/11/Z) awarded to Professor Ian Goodyer and Professor Peter Fonagy.
Chinese FDI to Ukraine in the context of road and belt initiative

China is the leader of economic development among the countries of the Asian region and given its strong economic expansion it is the key economic center of the Asian and Eurasian mega-regions. The empirical study shows that Chinese investors receive additional incentives to invest in Ukraine if there is a prior positive investment experience, increasing market potential, and openness and economic freedom. As Ukraine is generally perceived as a path to European markets, the signing of the Association Agreement with the EU is a positive factor. However, the readiness of investors from China to support corruption schemes in the Ukrainian economy arouses concern. Therefore, in order to enhance and improve the structure of investment flows from China to Ukraine, it is necessary to take a number of measures to overcome corruption. One of the main priorities of modern Ukrainian foreign policy is joining Belt and Path Initiative.
RNase L amplifies Interferon signaling by inducing PKR-mediated antiviral stress granules

Virus infection leads to activation of the interferon-induced endoribonuclease, RNase L, which results in degradation of viral and cellular RNAs. Both cellular and viral RNA cleavage products of RNase L bind pattern recognition receptors (PRR) like Retinoic acid-inducible I (Rig-I) and or melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) to further amplify interferon (IFN) production and antiviral response. Although much is known about the mechanics of ligand binding and PRR activation, how the cells coordinate RNA sensing to signaling response and interferon production remains unclear. We show that RNA cleavage products of RNase L activity induce formation of antiviral stress granule (avSG) by regulating activation of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase R (PKR), and recruit antiviral proteins Rig-I, PKR, OAS and RNase L to avSG. Biochemical analysis of purified avSG showed interaction of key stress granule protein, G3BP1, with only PKR and Rig-I and not with OAS or RNase L. AvSG assembly during RNase L activation is required for IRF3-mediated IFN production and not IFN signaling or proinflammatory cytokine induction. Consequently, cells lacking avSG formation or RNase L signaling produced less IFN and showed higher susceptibility during Sendai virus infection demonstrating the importance of avSG in RNase L-mediated host defense. During viral infection, we propose a role for RNase L-cleaved RNAs in inducing avSG containing antiviral proteins to provide a platform for efficient interaction of RNA ligands with pattern recognition receptors to enhance IFN production to effectively mount antiviral response. IMPORTANCE Double-stranded RNAs produced during viral infections serve as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and bind pattern recognition receptors to stimulate IFN production. RNase L is an IFN-regulated endoribonuclease that is activated in virus-infected cells and cleaves single-stranded viral and cellular RNAs. The RNase L-cleaved dsRNAs signal to Rig-like helicases to amplify IFN production. This study identifies a novel role of antiviral stress granules induced by RNase L as an antiviral signaling hub to coordinate the RNA ligands with cognate receptors to mount effective host response during viral infections.
Searching for Supermassive Binary Black Holes and their Gravitational Waves

The recent discovery of gravitational waves (GWs) by the LIGO collaboration has opened a new observing window on the universe, but it is limited to the GWs in the frequency range of 10− 1000 Hz. The main motivation of this thesis is to consider the possibility of detecting low frequency (nHz) GWs. In the pursuit of these waves, we need to find their source of origin and build a detector with the required sensitivity. Low-frequency waves are expected as a result of coalescing binary supermassive black holes (SMBBHs). We hope to detect these waves in the near future using pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). Thus, this thesis can be divided into two parts: searching for SMBBHs and using pulsars for improving the sensitivity of PTAs. SMBBHs are expected to form as a result of galaxy mergers. However, despite numerous attempts, so far we have been able to find only a handful of these systems. This raises various questions about the merger rate, the timescale of a merging process, and the sensitivity and resolving power of the available instruments. 0402+379 is the most compact confirmed SMBBH, with two compact cores at a separation of 7.3 pc. viii We have studied this source at 5, 8, 15 and 22 GHz using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) over a timeline of 12 years. With some assumptions about the orbit, we measure the orbital period P ≈ 28000 years and SMBBH mass M ≈ 15× 10 M . A strong frequency-dependent core shift is evident, which we use to infer magnetic fields near the jet base. Subsequently, we search for more compact SMBBHs so that we can study their orbital motion within our lifetime. We select a sample of 18 sources from the VLBA imaging polarimetry survey based on their morphology and host galaxy properties. We also include NGC7674, which was recently claimed to be an SMBBH candidate. We observe these sources at multiple frequencies using the VLBA. PTAs consist of a large array of pulsars which are being used to detect the GWs. However, when the signal from a pulsar traverses the interstellar medium (ISM), its signal gets affected, contributing to PTA noise. In order to improve the sensitivity of PTAs, it is necessary to understand the properties of the ISM. The main effects of the ISM are dispersion, scattering, and scintillation. All these effects are strongly dependent on frequency such that they have a large impact at lower frequencies. Hence, in order to study these effects, we study a sample of eight pulsars at frequencies below 100 MHz using the Long Wavelength Array. This provides us with insights into the distribution of inhomogeneities in the ISM which we hope will help in improving the sensitivity of PTAs.
Assessing the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation: Improving stratigraphic correlation of the Upper Doushantuo Black Shales via mercury content

espanolLos enriquecimientos de mercurio en la unidad de esquisto negro de la Formacion ediacarica de Doushantuo son probablemente el resultado de la influencia volcanica o del deposito de mercurio mediante anoxia. Si los enriquecimientos de Hg son de origen volcanico, o se deben a una anoxia regional contemporanea, entonces los patrones de enriquecimiento de Hg son consistentes con la correlacion convencional de estas unidades, con las unidades tripartitas equivalentes a la pizarra negra del Miembro IV. Ademas, la comparacion de los datos redox de los intervalos de enriquecimiento en Hg podria indicar si los enriquecimientos se deben a cambios comparables en las condiciones redox, o a un aumento de la entrada de Hg bajo diferentes condiciones redox, consistente con la influencia volcanica. EnglishMercury enrichments in the black shale unit of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation are, likely the result of volcanic input or anoxia-driven mercury deposition. If the Hg enrichments are volcanic in origin, or are due to synchronous regional anoxia, then the patterns of Hg enrichment are consistent with the conventional correlation of these units, with the tripartite units equivalent to Member IV black shales. Additionally comparing redox proxy data from the intervals of Hg enrichment could indicate if the enrichments are due to comparable changes in redox conditions, or increased Hg input under differing redox conditions, consistent with volcanic input.