Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zinc Translocation Causes Hypoglycemia-Induced Neuron Death

Hypoglycemia is a common but serious problem among type1 and type 2 diabetic patients receiving intensive treatment with glucose-lowering drugs such as insulin or sulfonylurea. Moderate hypoglycemia is occurring 0.1-0.3 episode/patient per day and is usually corrected by patients themselves or just ignored. However, severe hypoglycemia causes unconsciousness and it may lead to neuronal injury in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Hypoglycemic neuronal death is resulted from a cascade of several events after prolonged period of lack of glucose since brain exclusively use glucose (Auer et al., 1984a; Auer and Siesjo, 1993; Auer et al., 1984b). Sustained release of glutamate from presynaptic terminals into the extracellular space and activation of glutamate receptors has been suggested as a necessary upstream event in this neuron death cascade (Auer and Siesjo, 1993; Wieloch, 1985). Also mitochondrial membrane permeability (Friberg et al., 1998), calpain activation (Ferrand-Drake et al., 2003), PARP-1 activation (Suh et al., 2003) and NADPH oxidase activation-induced ROS production (Suh et al., 2007; Suh et al., 2008) have been shown to be possible downstream events. Our lab has undertaken studies to establish whether vesicular zinc release and subsequent zinc translocation into postsynaptic neurons is an important upstream step in this hypoglycemia-induced neuron death process. Using an animal model of insulin-induced hypoglycemia we have shown that: (I) vesicular zinc is released from hippocampal mossy fiber terminals; (II) intracellular zinc accumulation is induced in the hippocampal neurons; (III) neuronal death is reduced by zinc chelation or zinc transporter gene deletion; (IV) PARP-1 activation is reduced by zinc chelation; (V) ROS production is reduced by zinc chelation after hypoglycemia and glucose reperfusion (HG/GR); and (VI) hypothermia prevented hypoglycemia-induced zinc release and neuron death. Together, these results suggest that zinc translocation is an upstream step linking HG/GR to PARP-1 activation, to NADPH oxidase activation and neuronal death in brain regions containing high concentrations of vesicular zinc. Zinc translocation into postsynaptic neurons was also demonstrated in the hippocampal slice model with combined oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) where neuronal zinc accumulation into the hippocampal CA1 neurons is blocked by extracellular zinc chelator, CaEDTA (Yin et al., 2002). In addition, hippocampal slices prepared from zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3) knockout mouse, which have little or no vesicular zinc in neuronal terminals, showed no zinc accumulation in post-synaptic neurons following OGD and hypoglycemia (Suh et al., 2008). These hippocampal slice experiments
Meta-Scraping: Two Technological Approaches to Support Meta-analyses

Meta-analysis is a principled statistical approach for summarizing quantitative information reported across studies within a research domain of interest. Although the results of meta-analyses can be highly informative for taking a broad conceptual and empirical approach to an existing body of research literature, the process of collecting and coding the data for a meta-analysis is often a labor-intensive effort fraught with the potential for human error and idiosyncrasy, as researchers typically spend weeks poring over journal articles, technical reports, book chapters and other materials provided by researchers in order to retrieve key data elements that are then manually coded into some form of a spreadsheet for subsequent analyses (e.g., descriptive statistics, effect sizes, reliability estimates, demographics, study conditions). In this poster, we identify two technological solutions to support the process of collecting data for a meta-analysis.
An Effective Branch-and-cut algorithm in Order to Solve the Mixed Integer Bi-level Programming

In this paper, a new branch-and-cut algorithm for mixed integer bi-level programming is proposed. For achieving this purpose, a historical perspective of the development of enumeration methods in the field of bi-level linear programming is considered. Then, we present some obstacles for using branch and bound method based on them, and an algorithm is developed to solve for mixed integer bi-level problem. Finally, we use a preference function to determine the choice of branching and specialized cuts in a branch and cut tree. Computational results are reported and compared favorably to those of previous methods and then implications discussed. The results show that not only the proposed algorithm can find high quality solutions for solving a number of the problems, but also it is competitive with other famous published algorithms.
Matching Verbo-nominal Constructions in FrameNet with Lexical Functions in MTT

Matching verbo-nominal constructions in FrameNet with Lexical Functions in MTT Multiword expressions are described in the FrameNet project as complex lexical units linked as wholes to their semantic frames, or as instances of special grammatical constructions. Amongst multi-word expressions, we explore in this paper verbonominal constructions in Framenet and more specifically support verb expressions. This category, described in FrameNet litterature, has not yet received a systematic treatment in the project. We have looked at several problems regarding its actual classification and theoretical background. Instead of light verbs, or support verbs, we define the object of our study as Support Verb Constructions (SVC). We explore in this connection a well known model in lexicography, the Explanatory and Combinatorial Lexicology, part of the Meaning Text Theory to observe the feasibility of using Lexical Functions in FrameNet for the purpose of encoding SVC. The verbs have functions varying from that of light verbs, where they contribute only the ability to treat the noun.s frame as a verbal-e.g., tense-bearing, entity-through a variety of aspect, perspective, and register values. These structures are treated in various ways in FrameNet and in the Explanatory and Combinatorial component of the Meaning-Text-Theory. Our goal in the present research is to understand the nature of these differences, and to consider whether the results obtained in one of them can be aligned with or incorporated into the other. We approach the parameters of comparison of the two systems by means of three themes characterizing verbo-nominal expressions: - lexicalized collocations of the verb and the nominal head of its syntactic dependent, - the manner in which the kind of situation-the semantic frame-evoked by the noun is given verbal expression, - and the manner in which the syntactic arguments of the verb are interpreted as matching the semantic roles associated with the noun's frame.
The Consistency and Construct Validity of Wolf Motor Function Test With Functional Variables and SF-36 Questionnaire in Iranian Stroke Patients

Journal Homepage: http://cjns.gums. ac.ir Article info: Received: 28 Jun 2017 First Revision: 10 Jul 2017 Accepted: 05 Dec 2017 Published: 01 Apr 2018 Bullet Points: • WMFT has acceptable construct validity with functional variables. • WMFT has acceptable construct validity with overall score of the SF-36 questionnaire. Funding: See Page 62 Copyright: The Author(s)
A review of PCM technology for thermal energy storage in the built environment: Part I

Pressure to slash CO 2 emissions continues to mount with growing levels of legislation and incentives to preserve our environment. To meet these targets, considerable research into renewable energy sources and energy efficiency is underway. Thermal energy storage (TES) systems offer attractive properties, enabling economical energy utilization within the built environment. Phase change material (PCM) has become a forerunner in the TES field due to its high-energy storage densities (∼10 times that of concrete). An extensive review of PCM technology has been undertaken, with specific attention to TES applications within the built environment, assessing the capability of PCM. Copyright , Oxford University Press.
A review of the ecological affinities of marine organic microfossils from a Holocene record offshore of Adélie Land (East Antarctica)

Abstract. Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 318 recovered a ∼ 170 m long Holocene organic-rich sedimentary sequence at Site U1357. Located within the narrow but deep Adélie Basin close to the Antarctic margin, the site accumulated sediments at exceptionally high sedimentation rates, which resulted in extraordinary preservation of the organic sedimentary component. Here, we present an overview of 74 different mainly marine microfossil taxa and/or types found within the organic component of the sediment, which include the remains of unicellular and higher organisms from three eukaryotic kingdoms (Chromista, Plantae, and Animalia). These remains include phytoplanktonic (phototrophic dinoflagellates and prasinophytes) and very diverse zooplanktonic (heterotrophic dinoflagellates, tintinnids, copepods) organisms. We illustrate each marine microfossil taxon or type identified by providing morphological details and photographic images, which will help with their identification in future studies. We also review their ecological preferences to aid future (palaeo)ecological and (palaeo)environmental studies. The planktonic assemblage shows a high degree of endemism related to the strong influence of the sea-ice system over Site U1357. In addition, we found the remains of various species of detritus feeders and bottom-dwelling scavengers (benthic foraminifers and annelid worms) indicative of high export productivity at Site U1357. This study shows the potential of organic microfossil remains for reconstructing past environmental conditions, such as sea-ice cover and (export) productivity.
Effect of Sugarcane Bagasse and Supplemental Feed on Nutritional Value of The Catfish Heteropneustes Fossilis (Bloch)

The proximate composition (Moisture, Protein and Lipids) and amino acid profile of the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis was determined to understand the effect of sugarcane bagasse substrate and supplemental feed for a period of 358 days. Adult H. fossilis (av.wt. 200g) were reared at 20 tanks -1. No feed was provided to the fish in three of the substrates added tanks (T1), while a pelleted diet was fed to the fish in the remaining three substrates added tanks (T2) and the other three tanks without substrate (T3). Finding showed that the proximate composition as well as the amino acid profile was more in feed + sugarcane bagasse (T2) followed by supplemental feed alone group (T3) and sugarcane bagasse alone group (T1). In the present study the T1 group showed a positive relationship in all the nutritional values. Hence, sugarcane bagasse can effectively be used as a substrate for the culture of the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis.
New method for measurement of barchans parameters Case study: Lut desert, Iran

This research has attempted to measure the parameters of barchan dunes as one of the desert landforms. This has been conducted by a field survey using cartographic techniques. In the field, two barchan dunes have completely been surveyed by total station equipment. Using the sample points a novel method has been devised to measure the barchans parameters. The method is mainly based on geometric relations and Cartesian coordinate system. All the parameters of the dunes have been measured by both the common methods of previous studies and the new method of this study. By this research, some new parameters have also been added to the dune analysis studies. The method has proved to be more precise relative to the previous methods for measurements of barchans. These measurements make it possible to compare the dunes in different areas of the world and also for different periods of time. Many parameters of the dunes can also be examined more easily.
Partnership in Tourism Management Area Dampir Strait Raja Ampat

This study aims to identify and analyze the mechanisms, structures and incentives partnerships between government, private and public in the area of the strait Dampir district of Raja Ampat. This study used a qualitative approach with case study. This study used a technique of in-depth interviews, observation and documents , Data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, making conclusions and verification. These results indicate that the mechanism of the partnership, aktor-actors involved seeks synergy between its mission with common interests. Effectiveness partnerships undertaken continue to be pursued through coordination mechanisms between actors in the utilization of the wealth of Dampir Strait region. In partnership unification occurs, utilization, and the synergy of government resources, public and private sectors. The structure of partnerships in order to manage the tourist area of the Strait of Dampir in Raja Ampat is not integrated but fragmented parties working together to achieve the goal area together. Government own incentives minimal process management cooperation Dampir Strait. This is because people who have the resources directly by reference to customary rights.
The 2010–2015 megadrought in central Chile: impacts on regional hydroclimate and vegetation

Abstract. Since 2010 an uninterrupted sequence of dry years, with annual rainfall deficits ranging from 25 to 45 %, has prevailed in central Chile (western South America, 30–38° S). Although intense 1- or 2-year droughts are recurrent in this Mediterranean-like region, the ongoing event stands out because of its longevity and large extent. The extraordinary character of the so-called central Chile megadrought (MD) was established against century long historical records and a millennial tree-ring reconstruction of regional precipitation. The largest MD-averaged rainfall relative anomalies occurred in the northern, semi-arid sector of central Chile, but the event was unprecedented to the south of 35° S. ENSO-neutral conditions have prevailed since 2011 (except for the strong El Nino in 2015), contrasting with La Nina conditions that often accompanied past droughts. The precipitation deficit diminished the Andean snowpack and resulted in amplified declines (up to 90 %) of river flow, reservoir volumes and groundwater levels along central Chile and westernmost Argentina. In some semi-arid basins we found a decrease in the runoff-to-rainfall coefficient. A substantial decrease in vegetation productivity occurred in the shrubland-dominated, northern sector, but a mix of greening and browning patches occurred farther south, where irrigated croplands and exotic forest plantations dominate. The ongoing warming in central Chile, making the MD one of the warmest 6-year periods on record, may have also contributed to such complex vegetation changes by increasing potential evapotranspiration. We also report some of the measures taken by the central government to relieve the MD effects and the public perception of this event. The understanding of the nature and biophysical impacts of the MD helps as a foundation for preparedness efforts to confront a dry, warm future regional climate scenario.
Effect of the immersion in 1-MCP on the physicochemical and physiological properties of yellow pitahaya fruit ( Selenicereus megalanthus How ) with minimum processing

Yellow pitahaya (Selenicereus megalanthus How), is an exotic fruit with great commercial potential, it has been commercialized without using methods that add value and/or prolong its shelf-life. The effect the application of 200 mg/lt 1-MCP on the respiratory rate and quality properties of vacuum sealed minimally processed yellow pitahaya slices during shelf-life under refrigeration was evaluated. Soluble ! with and without skin. The application of 1-MCP before storage increased the respiratory rate and consequently increased soluble solids and total sugars, and did not show any detrimental on weight ! " ! #$% & loss of vitamin C in yellow pitahaya slices with and without skin during storage time.
Intergovernmental Grants and Local Public Expenditure: Spending Decisions and Information Spillover Effects

This empirical study takes advantage of a new intergovernmental grant in order to investigate the expenditure behavior of the municipalities in Sweden in two ways. First, the grant is used to study the effect on municipal spending related to the grant. Second, the grant is used to test a hypothesis of spatial interaction among municipalities due to mimicking behavior. The grant and expenditures studied here pertain to one specific service area of the Swedish municipalities; services to functionally impaired individuals. The grant was introduced in 2004. The data used pertains to the period before (2001-2003) and after (2004-2007) the introduction of the grant. A fixed-effects spatial lag model is used to study the (possible) spatial interactions among municipalities. Interestingly, the results show that during the first time period, the municipalities interact with their neighbors when setting the expenditure level, possibly due to mimicking. In the second time period, after the introduction of the grant, there is no evidence of interaction. This would support the hypothesis that the governmental grants provide information to the municipalities and the need for mimicking diminishes with the grant.
Developing New Classes of Thick-Origami-Based Mechanisms: Conceal-and-Reveal Motion and Folding Printed Circuit Boards

Developing New Classes of Thick-Origami-Based Mechanisms: Conceal-and-Reveal Motion and Folding Printed Circuit Boards Bryce Parker DeFigueiredo Department of Mechanical Engineering, BYU Master of Science Origami-adapted mechanisms form the basis of an increasing number of engineered systems. As most of these systems require the use of non-paper materials, various methods for accommodating thickness have been developed. These methods have opened new avenues for origamibased design. This work introduces approaches for the design of two new classes of thick-origami systems and demonstrates the approaches in hardware. One type of system, called “conceal-andreveal,” is introduced, and a method of designing these mechanisms is developed. Techniques are also developed for designing folding printed circuit boards which are fabricated from a single sheet of material. This enables areas of regional flexibility, leaving other areas stiff. This allows components to be attached to stiff regions and folding to occur at flexible regions. An optimization method is presented to design the geometry of surrogate hinges to aid in monolithic origami-based mechanisms such as flexible PCBs. Examples are shown which demonstrate each of these new techniques.
Historical population connectivity and fragmentation in a tropical freshwater fish with a disjunct distribution (pennyfish, Denariusa bandata)

Abstract Pennyfish, Denariusa bandata, are small freshwater fish widely distributed in northern Australia in 4 highly disjunct regions and in the Fly River and Bensbach River drainages in southern Papua New Guinea (PNG). Alternating phases of exposure of the Australia–New Guinea Continental Shelf (ANGCS) during stands of lowered sea levels during Pleistocene glacial phases created a land bridge and fresh/brackish water habitats that intermittently connected Australia and PNG. Some biogeographic theories and empirical evidence for several freshwater crustaceans suggest that wetlands on the exposed ANGCS during the last glacial maximum were an important conduit for dispersal and gene flow in freshwater species between Australia and PNG and across northern Australia and that connectivity was severed by the most recent sea level rise in the region (∼6–8 thousand years before present). We used mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) sequence data to test phylogeographic hypotheses concerning the origin of the disjunct distribution in D. bandata in relation to dispersal–vicariant processes and exposure of the ANGCS during Pleistocene sea level changes. Rather than a late Pleistocene origin associated with the last glacial maximum, the coalescence of the regional populations was in the early- to mid-Pleistocene, and the molecular data indicated that the eastern regional populations split before the northern populations split (i.e., sequential vicariance), whereas the northern populations split contemporaneously (i.e., simultaneous vicariance). The complex mtDNA genealogy for D. bandata also indicated a phylogeographic history in which ancestral lineages were retained in the northwestern part of its distribution, and ancestral haplotype diversity was retained in the Fly River (PNG) population because several divergent clusters of PNG haplotypes were more closely related to Australian haplotypes than to each other.
Semi-Static Hedging Strategies for Exotic Options

The aim of hedging is to replicate the payo of a non traded option. This allows to specify and to eliminate the inherent risk. When talking of hedging an exotic option mainly dynamic hedging strategies as the famous Black-Scholes delta-hedge are considered. However, recently static and semi-static hedging strategies became more popular, since they only involve a discrete number of trading times. Thus in the presence of transaction costs they might be superior to dynamic hedging. A short comparison of both approaches is drawn rst. Classic semi-static hedging strategies for so called barrier options are presented next. Among those are the Derman-Egener-Kani algorithm and a method developed by Carr et al. for particular market models. Finally path-independent options are regarded. They can be replicated arbitrarily well by a portfolio of standard European options. This can also be used to hedge discretely monitored options as for example an Asian option.
Insights Into the Biogeochemical Cycling of Iron, Nitrate, and Phosphate Across a 5,300 km South Pacific Zonal Section (153°E–150°W)

Iron, phosphate, and nitrate are essential nutrients for phytoplankton growth, and hence, their supply into the surface ocean controls oceanic primary production. Here we present a GEOTRACES zonal section (GP13; 30–33°S, 153°E–150°W) extending eastward from Australia to the oligotrophic South Pacific Ocean gyre outlining the concentrations of these key nutrients. Surface dissolved iron concentrations are elevated at >0.4 nmol L−1 near continental Australia (west of 165°E) and decreased eastward to ≤0.2 nmol L−1 (170°W–150°W). The supply of dissolved iron into the upper ocean (<100 m) from the atmosphere and vertical diffusivity averaged 11 ± 10 nmol m−2 d−1. In the remote South Pacific Ocean (170°W–150°W), atmospherically sourced iron is a significant contributor to the surface dissolved iron pool with average supply contribution of 23 ± 17% (range 3% to 55%). Surface water nitrate concentrations averaged 5 ± 4 nmol L−1 between 170°W and 150°W, while surface water phosphate concentrations averaged 58 ± 30 nmol L−1. The supply of nitrogen into the upper ocean is primarily from deeper waters (24–1647 μmol m−2 d−1) with atmospheric deposition and nitrogen fixation contributing <1% to the overall flux along the eastern part of the transect. The deep water N:P ratio averaged 14.5 ± 0.5 but declined to <1 above the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) indicating a high N:P assimilation ratio by phytoplankton leading to almost quantitative removal of nitrate. The supply stoichiometry for iron and nitrogen relative to phosphate at and above the DCM declines eastward leading to two biogeographical provinces: one with diazotroph production and the other without diazotroph production.