Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
D-Tagatose-Based Product Triggers Sweet Immunity and Resistance of Grapevine to Downy Mildew, but Not to Gray Mold Disease

The use of natural bio-based compounds becomes an eco-friendly strategy to control plant diseases. Rare sugars would be promising compounds as inducers of plant “sweet immunity”. The present study aimed to investigate the induced resistance of grapevine leaves against Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea by a rare sugar-based product (IFP48) and its active ingredient D-tagatose (TAG), in order to elucidate molecular mechanism involved in defense-related metabolic regulations before and after pathogen challenge. Data showed that spraying leaves with IFP48 and TAG lead to a significant reduction of downy mildew, but not of gray mold disease. The induced protection against P. viticola relies on IFP48’s and to a lesser extent TAG’s ability to potentiate the activation of salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid/ethylene-responsive genes and stilbene phytoalexin accumulation. Most of defense responses remained upregulated in IFP48-treated plants after infection with P. viticola, but inconsistent following challenge with B. cinerea. The beneficial effects of IFP48 were associated with an enhanced accumulation of tagatose inside leaf tissues compared to TAG treatment. Meanwhile, the amounts of sugars, glucose, fructose, maltose, galactose and trehalose remained unchanged or decreased in IFP48-treated leaves after P. viticola infection, although only a few genes involved in sugar transport and metabolism showed transcriptional regulation. This suggests a contribution of sugar homeostasis to the IFP48-induced sweet immune response and priming plants for enhanced resistance to P. viticola, but not to B. cinerea.
Implementation of Robots Integration in Scaled Laboratory Environment for Factory Automation

Robotic systems for research and development of factory automation are complex and unavailable for broad deployment in robotic laboratory settings. The usual robotic factory automation setup consists of series of sensors, robotic arms and mobile robots integrated and orchestrated by a central information system. Cloud-based integration has been gaining traction in recent years. In order to build such a system in a laboratory environment, there are several practical challenges that have to be resolved to come to a point when such a system can become operational. In this paper, we present the development of one such system composed of (i) a cloud-based system built on top of open platform for innovation in logistics, (ii) a prototyped mobile robot with a forklift to manipulate pallets in a “factory” floor, and (iii) industrial robot ABB IRB 140 with a customized gripper and various sensors. A mobile robot is designed as an autonomous four Mecanum wheels system with on-board LiDAR and RGB-D sensor for simultaneous localization and mapping. The paper shows a use case of the overall system and highlights the advantages of having a laboratory setting with real robots for the research of factory automation in a laboratory environment. Moreover, the proposed solution could be scaled and replicated in real factory automation applications.
A greedy average block Kaczmarz method for the large scaled consistent system of linear equations

This paper presents a greedy average block Kaczmarz (GABK) method to solve the large scaled consistent system of linear equations. The GABK method introduces the strategy of extrapolation process to improve the GBK algorithm and to avoid computing the Moore-Penrose inverse of a submatrix of the coefficient matrix determined by the block index set. The GABK method is proved to converge linearly to the least-norm solution of the consistent system of linear equations. Numerical examples show that the GABK method has the best efficiency and effectiveness among all methods compared.
Local Governance Network in Sustainable Development of Featured Commodities in Central Mamuju Regency

Governance network is a study that focuses on the interaction and coordination between actors in public governance. The development of sustainable regional featured commodities is an effort to improve the quality and quality of regional potential so that they can be widely utilized. The purpose of this research is to analyze and explain the application of local governance network dimensions in the development of regional featured commodities in central mamuju regency through components in the local governance network concept. The research method is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques, location observations, interviews, and documentation. The research location is the office of the agriculture service of central mamuju regency. The results of the study found that efforts to develop regional featured commodities in a sustainable manner were carried out through regional action plans. The application of the governance network concept in the sustainable development of regional featured commodities still needs to optimize the role of actors through strengthening capital, bonding models, policy instruments, administrative strategies, accountability structures, and performance management systems.
Metabolic Strategies Shared by Basement Residents of the Lost City Hydrothermal Field

The Lost City hydrothermal field is an iconic example of a microbial ecosystem fueled by energy and carbon from Earth’s mantle. Uplift of mantle rocks into the seafloor can trigger a process known as serpentinization that releases molecular hydrogen (H2) and creates unusual environmental conditions where simple organic carbon molecules are more stable than dissolved inorganic carbon. ABSTRACT Alkaline fluids venting from chimneys of the Lost City hydrothermal field flow from a potentially vast microbial habitat within the seafloor where energy and organic molecules are released by chemical reactions within rocks uplifted from Earth’s mantle. In this study, we investigated hydrothermal fluids venting from Lost City chimneys as windows into subseafloor environments where the products of geochemical reactions, such as molecular hydrogen (H2), formate, and methane, may be the only available sources of energy for biological activity. Our deep sequencing of metagenomes and metatranscriptomes from these hydrothermal fluids revealed a few key species of archaea and bacteria that are likely to play critical roles in the subseafloor microbial ecosystem. We identified a population of Thermodesulfovibrionales (belonging to phylum Nitrospirota) as a prevalent sulfate-reducing bacterium that may be responsible for much of the consumption of H2 and sulfate in Lost City fluids. Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) classified as Methanosarcinaceae and Candidatus Bipolaricaulota were also recovered from venting fluids and represent potential methanogenic and acetogenic members of the subseafloor ecosystem. These genomes share novel hydrogenases and formate dehydrogenase-like sequences that may be unique to hydrothermal environments where H2 and formate are much more abundant than carbon dioxide. The results of this study include multiple examples of metabolic strategies that appear to be advantageous in hydrothermal and subsurface alkaline environments where energy and carbon are provided by geochemical reactions. IMPORTANCE The Lost City hydrothermal field is an iconic example of a microbial ecosystem fueled by energy and carbon from Earth’s mantle. Uplift of mantle rocks into the seafloor can trigger a process known as serpentinization that releases molecular hydrogen (H2) and creates unusual environmental conditions where simple organic carbon molecules are more stable than dissolved inorganic carbon. This study provides an initial glimpse into the kinds of microbes that live deep within the seafloor where serpentinization takes place, by sampling hydrothermal fluids exiting from the Lost City chimneys. The metabolic strategies that these microbes appear to be using are also shared by microbes that inhabit other sites of serpentinization, including continental subsurface environments and natural springs. Therefore, the results of this study contribute to a broader, interdisciplinary effort to understand the general principles and mechanisms by which serpentinization-associated processes can support life on Earth and perhaps other worlds.
Legislating what matters: How policy designs shape two new immigrant destinations schools’ responses to immigrant students

This comparative case study examines the policies of two new immigrant destinations in the United States and Canada that in the past 20 years experienced a rapid influx of immigrants. Using an integrated framework of policy design theory and the context of reception, this paper analyzes the framing of immigrant students in the state, district, and school-level policies. Interviews with immigrant students in these communities show how these policies shaped their schooling experiences and communicated important messages to them about their role in their new communities, thus shaping their political identities. The findings highlight the important interplay of these different policymakers in shaping the contexts of receptions students encountered. The paper concludes by discussing educators’ role in working to craft more equitable policies.
Data-Driven Soft Sensing for Batch Processes Using Neural Network-Based Deep Quality-Relevant Representation Learning

Soft sensors provide a means to reliably estimate unmeasurable variables, thereby playing a prevalent role in formulating closed-loop control in batch processes. In soft sensor development, enhancing quality-relevant information and eliminating quality-irrelevant information are important. This study proposes a neural network-based deep quality-relevant representation learning approach to improve the soft sensing performance in dynamic batch processes. The structure of a deep neural network is optimized in a layer-by-layer manner. First, given the generally abundant predictor variables, the maximal relevance–minimal redundancy criterion is used to optimize the input layer, select the most beneficial variables, and eliminate modeling redundancy. Second, mutual information-based quality-relevant representation selection is performed in the middle layers to enhance the quality-relevant information and eliminate the influence of irrelevant representations. Third, deep quality-relevant representations are extracted, and a soft sensor model is developed. The proposed method is tested on a fed-batch penicillin fermentation process and an industrial injection molding process. Lastly, it shows that the proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches, thereby confirming its effectiveness.
Unconditional cash transfers and women’s labor supply in Pakistan

ABSTRACT This article uses propensity score matching techniques to estimate unconditional cash transfer effects on women’s labour outcomes in Pakistan. Using two rounds of nationally representative data, we find positive effects for women in recipient households . However, we observe a dip in overall women’s employment from the first to the second round. This is likely driven by a downturn in the agriculture sector’s performance. Moreover, women in beneficiary households are better able to recover suggesting higher resilience to macroeconomic shocks. Yet, not all our results are positive as women remain vulnerable in their lack of access to non-agriculture earned income.
Fomes (Polyporales, Basidiomycota): medicinal, economic and ecological importance

Fomes have attracted much attention because of their important ecological, economic and medical values. In forest ecosystems, Fomes play a core role in promoting the circulation of nutrients and the flow of energy. In the application of modern medicine and biotechnology, the effective substances extracted from Fomes also have a great economic value. The aims of this review are to (1) review the historical taxonomy of Fomes, (2) briefly describe important species of Fomes together with their distribution, and (3) discuss the economic value of Fomes.
Congenital and acquired disorders of secondary hemostasis

: Hemostasis depends on a large number of interdependent processes to prevent spontaneous bleeding and to stop hemorrhage when vascular injury occurs. Although it is commonly divided into primary and secondary for the purpose of simplification and patient evaluation, both processes occur almost simultaneously in vivo . The goal of secondary hemostasis is to produce a firm, cross-linked fibrin clot to stabilize the platelet plug. Fibrin is generated from a series of enzymatic reactions that comprise the coagulation cascade. In this review, we describe the background, physiology, diagnosis, and treatment of congenital and acquired coagulation factor deficiencies. For each condition, we discuss the appropriate laboratory assays as well as the most current treatment modalities. In addition, we describe in detail the oral and parenteral anticoagulants currently available in the United States, their mechanism of action, laboratory monitoring (if appropriate), and how to reverse their effect in case of hemorrhage or need for an emergent procedure. Finally, we review the effect of systemic conditions such as liver disease and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) on the coagulation cascade.
Coalescing Wind Turbine Wakes

A team of researchers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Statoil used large-eddy simulations to numerically investigate the merging wakes from upstream offshore wind turbines. Merging wakes are typical phenomena in wind farm flows in which neighboring turbine wakes consolidate to form complex flow patterns that are as yet not well understood. In the present study, three 6-MW turbines in a row were subjected to a neutrally stable atmospheric boundary layer flow. As a result, the wake from the farthest upstream turbine conjoined the downstream wake, which significantly altered the subsequent velocity deficit structures, turbulence intensity, and the global meandering behavior. The complexity increased even more when the combined wakes from the two upstream turbines mixed with the wake generated by the last turbine, thereby forming a “triplet” structure. Although the influence of the wake generated by the first turbine decayed with downstream distance, the mutated wakes from the second turbine continued to influence the downstream wake. Two mirror-image angles of wind directions that yielded partial wakes impinging on the downstream turbines yielded asymmetric wake profiles that could be attributed to the changing flow directions in the rotor plane induced by the Coriolis force. The turbine wakes persisted for extended distances in the present study, which is a result of low aerodynamic surface roughness typically found in offshore conditions.
Production of Lectins from Marine Algae: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities for Non-Destructive Extraction

Marine algae are an excellent source of novel lectins. The isolation of lectins from marine algae expands the diversity in structure and carbohydrate specificities of lectins isolated from other sources. Marine algal lectins have been reported to have antiviral, antitumor, and antibacterial activity. Lectins are typically isolated from marine algae by grinding the algal tissue with liquid nitrogen and extracting with buffer and alcohol. While this method produces higher yields, it may not be sustainable for large-scale production, because a large amount of biomass is required to produce a minute amount of compound, and a significant amount of waste is generated during the extraction process. Therefore, non-destructive extraction using algal culture water could be used to ensure a continuous supply of lectins without exclusively disrupting the marine algae. This review discusses the traditional and recent advancements in algal lectin extraction methods over the last decade, as well as the steps required for large-scale production. The challenges and prospects of various extraction methods (destructive and non-destructive) are also discussed.
Advanced Pellet-Cladding Interaction Modeling using the US DOE CASL Fuel Performance Code: Peregrine

The US DOE’s Consortium for Advanced Simulation of LWRs (CASL) program has undertaken an effort to enhance and develop modeling and simulation tools for a virtual reactor application, including high fidelity neutronics, fluid flow/thermal hydraulics, and fuel and material behavior. The fuel performance analysis efforts aim to provide 3-dimensional capabilities for single and multiple rods to assess safety margins and the impact of plant operation and fuel rod design on the fuel thermomechanical- chemical behavior, including Pellet-Cladding Interaction (PCI) failures and CRUD-Induced Localized Corrosion (CILC) failures in PWRs. [1-3] The CASL fuel performance code, Peregrine, is an engineering scale code that is built upon the MOOSE/ELK/FOX computational FEM framework, which is also common to the fuel modeling framework, BISON [4,5]. Peregrine uses both 2-D and 3-D geometric fuel rod representations and contains a materials properties and fuel behavior model library for the UO2 and Zircaloy system common to PWR fuel derived from both open literature sources and the FALCON code [6]. The primary purpose of Peregrine is to accurately calculate the thermal, mechanical, and chemical processes active throughout a single fuel rod during operation in a reactor, for both steady state and off-normal conditions.
Folate-Targeted Liposomal Formulations Improve Effects of Methotrexate in Murine Collagen-Induced Arthritis

Methotrexate (MTX) is first-line therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however, its use may be limited by side effects notably post-injection malaise. When patients are intolerant or become unresponsive, second-line or antibody therapy may be indicated. A folate-targeted liposomal formulation of MTX (FL-MTX) is tropic to arthritic paws and prevents the onset of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in the mouse. We optimized the drug-to-lipid molar ratio to 0.15 and demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of this form at 2 mg/kg MTX intraperitoneal (i.p.) twice a week. These improved liposomes were present in inflamed joints in proportion to the degree of swelling of the paw and bone remodeling activity. FL-MTX had lower hepatic and renal elimination of MTX than the free substance. FL-MTX provided equivalent results when given i.p. or subcutaneous (s.c.) and FL-MTX 2 mg/kg (drug/lipid 0.15), twice weekly, was similar to or more effective than 35 mg/kg MTX (same route and schedule) in reducing the incidence and swelling in the murine CIA model. These results suggest that FL-MTX is a more potent nanotherapeutic formulation than free MTX treatment. Its potential benefits for patients may include reduced frequency of treatment and lower overall doses for a given response.
Multistability Route in a PWL Multi-scroll System through Fractional-Order Derivatives

Recently, it was discovered that the use of fractional derivatives induces the occurrence of multistable states in PWL systems with multiple scrolls. In this paper, we show the path of the system from monostable to multistable behavior by reducing the integration order. Using bifurcation diagrams, which describe the evolution of the attractor under the modification of the bifurcation parameter, and basins of attraction, we show that the system has a path to multistability, revealing the mechanism for the emergence of the behavior. The resulting dynamics shows the coexistence of up to n + 2 attractors, where n is the number of scrolls generated by the integer-order system. Moreover, the existence and uniqueness of the dynamics is proved by Poincar´e sections showing that the behaviors exist and coexist and are not a section of the same solution.
Development of a gamified cognitive training app “Social Brain Train” to enhance adolescent mental health: a participatory design study protocol

Background: Adolescence is a sensitive period for the onset of mental health disorders. Effective, easy-to-disseminate, scalable prevention and early interventions are urgently needed. Affective control has been proposed as a potential target mechanism. Training affective control has been shown to reduce mental health symptoms and improve emotion regulation. However, uptake and adherence to such training by adolescents has been low. Thus, the current study aims to receive end user (i.e., adolescents) feedback on a prototype of a novel app-based gamified affective control training program, the Social Brain Train. Methods: The proposed study aims to recruit participants aged 13-16 years old (N = 20) to provide user feedback on the Social Brain Train app. The first group of participants (n = 5) will complete an online questionnaire assessing demographics, symptoms of depression and anxiety, social rejection sensitivity and attitudes toward the malleability of cognition and mental health. They will complete two tasks assessing cognitive capacity and interpretation bias. Participants will be then be invited to an online group workshop, where they will be introduced to the app. They will train on the app for three days, and following app usage, participants will complete the aforementioned measures again, as well as provide ratings on app content, and complete a semi-structured interview to obtain in-depth user feedback, which will be used to inform modifications to the app. Following these modifications, a second group of participants (n = 15) will follow the same procedure, except they will train on the app for 14 days. Feedback from both groups of participants will be used to inform the final design. Conclusions: By including young people in the design of the Social Brain Train app, the proposed study will help us to develop a novel mental health intervention that young people find engaging, acceptable, and easy-to-use
Novel Methanobacterium Strain Induces Severe Corrosion by Retrieving Electrons from Fe0 under a Freshwater Environment

Methanogens capable of accepting electrons from Fe0 cause severe corrosion in anoxic conditions. In previous studies, all iron-corrosive methanogenic isolates were obtained from marine environments. However, the presence of methanogens with corrosion ability using Fe0 as an electron donor and their contribution to corrosion in freshwater systems is unknown. Therefore, to understand the role of methanogens in corrosion under anoxic conditions in a freshwater environment, we investigated the corrosion activities of methanogens in samples collected from groundwater and rivers. We enriched microorganisms that can grow with CO2/NaHCO3 and Fe0 as the sole carbon source and electron donor, respectively, in ground freshwater. Methanobacterium sp. TO1, which induces iron corrosion, was isolated from freshwater. Electrochemical analysis revealed that strain TO1 can uptake electrons from the cathode at lower than −0.61 V vs SHE and has a redox-active component with electrochemical potential different from those of other previously reported methanogens with extracellular electron transfer ability. This study indicated the corrosion risk by methanogens capable of taking up electrons from Fe0 in anoxic freshwater environments and the necessity of understanding the corrosion mechanism to contribute to risk diagnosis.