Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rotor losses in fault-tolerant permanent magnet synchronous machines

The necessary reliability of safety-critical aerospace drive systems is often partly achieved by using fault-tolerant (FT) electrical machines. There are numerous published literatures on the design of FT machines as well as on control algorithms used to maintain drive operation with an incurred fault. This study is set to look at the rotor losses in three- and five-phase surface mount permanent magnet machines when operating in faulty mode in order to highlight the influence of the post-fault control strategy and winding configuration. Although the work presented in this study is mainly focused on FT control methodologies targeted at mitigating phase open circuit faults, the implications of short-circuit faults is also considered and discussed.
IC 630: Piercing the Veil of the Nuclear Gas

IC 630 is a nearby early-type galaxy with a mass of M⊙ with an intense burst of recent (6 Myr) star formation (SF). It shows strong nebular emission lines, with radio and X-ray emission, which classifies it as an active galactic nucleus (AGN). With VLT-SINFONI and Gemini North-NIFS adaptive optics observations (plus supplementary ANU 2.3 m WiFeS optical IFU observations), the excitation diagnostics of the nebular emission species show no sign of standard AGN engine excitation; the stellar velocity dispersion also indicates that a supermassive black hole (if one is present) is small ( ). The luminosity at all wavelengths is consistent with SF at a rate of about 1–2 M⊙ yr−1. We measure gas outflows driven by SF at a rate of 0.18 M⊙ yr−1 in a face-on truncated cone geometry. We also observe a nuclear cluster or disk and other clusters. Photoionization from young, hot stars is the main excitation mechanism for [Fe ii] and hydrogen, whereas shocks are responsible for the H2 excitation. Our observations are broadly comparable with simulations where a Toomre-unstable, self-gravitating gas disk triggers a burst of SF, peaking after about 30 Myr and possibly cycling with a period of about 200 Myr.
Dynamic Wetting Behavior of Vibrated Droplets on a Micropillared Surface

The dynamical wetting behavior has been observed under vertical vibration of a water droplet placed on a micropillared surface. The wetting transition takes place under the different processes. In compression process, the droplet is transited from Cassie state to Wenzel state. The droplet undergoes a Wenzel-Cassie wetting transition in restoring process and the droplet bounces off from the surface in bouncing process. Meanwhile, the wetting and dewetting models during vibration are proposed. The wetting transition is confirmed by the model calculation. This study has potential to be used to control the wetting state.
Genetic studies revealed differences between European and North American populations of Calypogeia azurea

Abstract Calypogeia azurea, a widespread, subboreal-montane liverwort species, is one of a few representatives of the Calypogeia genus that are characterized by the occurrence of blue oil bodies. The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic variation and population structure of C. azurea originating from different parts of its distribution range (Europe and North America). Plants of C. azurea were compared with C. peruviana, another Calypogeia species with blue oil bodies. In general, 339 gametophytes from 15 populations of C. azurea were examined. Total gene diversity (HT) estimated on the basis of nine isozyme loci of C. azurea at the species level was 0.201. The mean Nei’s genetic distance between European populations was equal to 0.083, whereas the mean genetic distance between populations originating from Europe and North America was 0.413. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 69% of C. azurea genetic variation was distributed among regions (Europe and North America), 15% - among populations within regions, and 16% - within populations. Our study revealed that C. azurea showed genetic diversity within its geographic distribution. All examined samples classified as C. azurea differed in respect of isozyme patterns from C. peruviana.
Stakeholders Perception of Current Health Education Situation under Ghana's Health Service

Health Education is one of the critical eight essential pillars of the primary health care (PHC) adopted world-wide by WHO member countries in 1978. After over two decades of health education to support PHC implementation, the epidemiological profile of Ghana continues to be dominated by communicable diseases, and environmental sanitation is problematic in both urban and rural areas. Based on the health field concept, the behavioural and information diffusion theory, the paper provides a situational overview of health education in Ghana. Informants were health policy makers, managers, healthcare providers and the public, as they perceive health education delivery in healthcare institutions, schools, workplaces and communities. Quantitative and qualitative techniques including questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were employed to reach the target population. The paper concludes that despite its importance health education seemed to enjoy less support at policy, management, service providers and users of healthcare levels. However, it is a worthwhile and cost effective strategy that must be nurtured towards health promotion. West African Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 13 2008: pp. 83-95
'Do temperature-food interactions matter? Responses of production and its components in the model heterotrophic flagellate Oxyrrhis marina

The consequence of interactions between temperature and food concentration for pro- tistan population dynamics and estimates of aquatic productivity are relatively unknown, primarily because we lack adequate parameters for models. Here, using the heterotrophic flagellate Oxyrrhis marina Dujardin, we demonstrate the importance of considering temperature and food concentration in combination, to determine the responses of grazing rate, specific growth rate, cell volume, specific production and yield. Specific growth rate and cell volume responded in different ways to tempera- ture-food concentrations: prey concentration had greatest positive effects on specific growth rate with increasing temperature, and prey concentration had greatest positive effects on cell volume with decreasing temperature. The effect of these contrasting interactions on specific production (=specific growth rate × cell carbon) was a greater response to prey concentration at intermediate temperatures. We also observed that the threshold food concentration for growth increased with increasing temper- ature, but yield showed no clear thermal response. By applying iterative curve-fitting to data obtained from multiple temperature-food concentration combinations, we produced phenomenolog- ical models of grazing rate, specific growth rate, and cell volume. We then compared predictions from a simple predator-prey simulation model that applied either our derived equations or a single expo- nential (Q10) relationship to the specific growth and ingestion responses at 20°C. Considerable differ- ences in predator and prey abundance were obtained between the 2 models. Our results demonstrate the potentially complex effects of food and temperature in combination on production parameters, and we argue that these should be considered in aquatic ecosystem simulation models.
The case of transition economies: What institutions matter for growth?

There is a consensus among scholars that institutions (i.e. norms and regulations) are country specific. The article aims to contribute to the debate by examining what types of institutions have been most important for growth in transition countries. It employs a new set of institutional variables of the World Bank against the commonly used transition index of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. It appears that among the institutional variables government effectiveness has the most significant impact on growth in former planned economies. At the same time, classical growth factors seem to be more important for growth than institutions.
A quantum kinematics for asymptotically flat gravity

We construct a quantum kinematics for asymptotically flat gravity based on the Koslowski–Sahlmann (KS) representation. The KS representation is a generalization of the representation underlying loop quantum gravity (LQG) which supports, in addition to the usual LQG operators, the action of ‘background exponential operators’, which are connection dependent operators labelled by ‘background’ su(2) electric fields. KS states have, in addition to the LQG state label corresponding to one dimensional excitations of the triad, a label corresponding to a ‘background’ electric field that describes three dimensional excitations of the triad. Asymptotic behaviour in quantum theory is controlled through asymptotic conditions on the background electric fields that label the states and the background electric fields that label the operators. Asymptotic conditions on the triad are imposed as conditions on the background electric field state label while confining the LQG spin net graph labels to compact sets. We show that KS states can be realised as wave functions on a quantum configuration space of generalized connections and that the asymptotic behaviour of each such generalized connection is determined by that of the background electric fields which label the background exponential operators. Similar to the spatially compact case, the Gauss law and diffeomorphism constraints are then imposed through group averaging techniques to obtain a large sector of gauge invariant states. It is shown that this sector supports a unitary action of the group of asymptotic rotations and translations and that, as anticipated by Friedman and Sorkin, for appropriate spatial topology, this sector contains states that display fermionic behaviour under 2 &pgr; ? > rotations.
DO CONSUMERS' PERCEPTIONS OF PRICE FAIRNESS DIFFER ACCORDING TO TYPE OF FIRM OWNERSHIP?

We investigated Chinese consumers' perceptions of price fairness by introducing the type of firm ownership (state-owned monopoly, and non-state-owned corporation) as an independent variable, to investigate whether or not people's feelings of price fairness differ between state- and non-state-owned firms. Results showed that our participants tended to accept price rise because of cost increase, but not price rise because of an increase in demand. Participants also regarded as unfair the price remaining high when cost decreased. Auction in the situation of shortage of goods, was also regarded as unfair. State-owned monopolies raising their prices was viewed by participants as being more unfair than a price rise by a non-state-owned corporation.
ustropotamobius pallipes reduction vs . Procambarus clarkii spreading : anagement implications

One of the main threats to native European crayfish is the spread of alien crayfish species that are immune carriers of the detrimental crayfish plague Aphanomyces astaci. In this study we analyzed both at a regional and at a local scale factors determining native and alien crayfish distribution in an area where the species Procambarus clarkii is currently spreading. We aim to understand which management strategies could prevent the extinction of native populations. We sampled 81 waterbodies in Lombardy (NW Italy) to assess the Austropotamobius pallipes complex and alien crayfish occurrence; we also monitored the only first order stream in our study area that we found to be currently inhabited by A. pallipes upstream and by P. clarkii downstream. A. pallipes generally occurred in small brooks, near the spring, and was linked to low periphyton abundance, while P. clarkii occurred in sites at lower altitudes, far from the spring area, mainly in lentic waterbodies with large widths; this allochthonous species was positively related to periphyton abundance. Our monitoring showed that physical barriers such as dams may prevent P. clarkii dispersal upstream. Our results confirm that A. pallipes and P. clarkii have different ecological requirements and show that, at least during the first years of invasion, P. clarkii spreading involves lowland or downstream altered sites. We suggest the need for management strategies maximizing connectivity among native populations, to avoid isolation, and promoting the separation of native populations from those of P.
THE TRANSPORT OF NUCLEAR CONTAMINATION IN FRACTURED POROUS MEDIA

The objects of this paper are to formulate a model for the transport of a chain of radioactive waste products in a fractured porous medium, to devise an eective and ecient numerical method for approximating the solution of the model, and to demonstrate the convergence of the numerical method. The formulation begins from a model in an unfractured (single porosity) medium, passes through a double porosity model in a fractured medium, and ends with a modified single porosity model that takes the relevant time scales of the flow and the nuclear decay. numerical method for approximating the solution of the model, and demonstrate the convergence of the numerical method. The model is intended to be a reasonably accurate description of the transport and dispersion of nuclear contamination through a granitic medium having densely spaced fractures that are the result of shrinkage; geologic faults are not covered herein. Many nuclear waste facilities are expected to be located in such granitic media. We begin with a standard model for the transport and dispersion of a nuclear chain in an unfractured, single-porosity porous medium (23) and then introduce a dual porosity model derivable by homogenization. By considering the size of the matrix blocks and the time scale of the problem, we reduce the dual porosity model to a so-called "limit model",
Overview of the first HyMeX Special Observation Period over Italy: observations and model results

The Special Observation Period (SOP1), part of the HyMeX campaign (Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean Experiments, 5 September–6 November 2012), was dedicated to heavy precipitation events and flash floods in the western Mediterranean, and three Italian hydro-meteorological monitoring sites were identified: Liguria–Tuscany, northeastern Italy and central Italy. The extraordinary deployment of advanced instrumentation, including instrumented aircrafts, and the use of several different operational weather forecast models, including hydrological models and marine models, allowed an unprecedented monitoring and analysis of high-impact weather events around the Italian hydro-meteorological sites. This activity has seen strong collaboration between the Italian scientific and operational communities. In this paper an overview of the Italian organization during SOP1 is provided, and selected Intensive Observation Periods (IOPs) are described. A significant event for each Italian target area is chosen for this analysis: IOP2 (12–13 September 2012) in northeastern Italy, IOP13 (15–16 October 2012) in central Italy and IOP19 (3–5 November 2012) in Liguria and Tuscany. For each IOP the meteorological characteristics, together with special observations and weather forecasts, are analyzed with the aim of highlighting strengths and weaknesses of the forecast modeling systems, including the hydrological impacts. The usefulness of having different weather forecast operational chains characterized by different numerical weather prediction models and/or different model set up or initial conditions is finally shown for one of the events (IOP19).
Land-use effects on river habitat quality and sediment granulometry along a 4th-order tropical river

Land-use change is among the most important human impacts on habitat quality and species diversity. In this study, we investigated the effects of land use on river habitat quality and sediment granulometry in a larger tropical river, affected by urbanization and agricultural land use. We selected 15 representative sampling reaches in the Rio das Mortes basin, 12 of them along the main river from its headwater to its mouth, and 3 in major tributaries. A habitat survey was conducted in these reaches in the dry season 2010 and sediment samples were taken for granulometry analyses. Sub-basin land cover of reaches was dominated by natural vegetation (41.6 to 60.2% of total land cover), followed by agricultural land cover (38.4% to 56.9%) and urban land cover (1.4% to 5.6%). Sediments were dominated by poorly to moderately sorted silts to sands, little conducive to diverse biological communities. According to the river habitat survey, all investigated river reaches exhibited moderately to totally disturbed habitat integrity, due to diverse and often co-occurring human impacts, such as riparian deforestation, water abstraction, sand and gravel extraction, and margin erosion. Only one of the investigated sampling reaches exhibited the minimum riparian forest corridor width demanded by the Brazilian Forest Code. Our results indicated that river habitat and sediment quality mainly depended on conditions in the direct vicinity of river reaches. Accordingly, initial cost-effective restoration of aquatic habitats could be achieved by relatively simple channel restoration measures and the protection of the riparian corridor in the investigated tropical river.
Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and GGE-biplot analysis of genotype × environment interactions for grain yield in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The combine ANOVA analysis for grain yield of 10 wheat genotypes at 12 environments showed that bread wheat grain yields were significantly affected by E (environment), which explained 75.01% of the total treatment (G+E+GEI) variation, whereas the G (Genotype) and GEI were significant and accounted for 9.48 and 15.5% respectively. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis indicated that three principal components (PCAs) were significant (P < 0.01). PCA 1, PCA 2, and PCA 3 accounted for 65.49, 17.10 and 10.11% of the GE interaction, respectively. A GGE-biplot based on genotype-focused scaling was depicted in order to detect the locations of genotypes, whereas the wheat genotypes were divided into 4 groups based on their scores of PCA1 and PCA2. The first group included on 3 stable genotypes (G2, G10 and G6) that were highest yielding. As for Group 2 included 2 unstable genotypes (G4 and G1) that were higher yielding, while the Group 3 (G5, G7 and G8) were low yielding and stable genotypes, and Group 4 consist of 2 genotypes (G9 and G3) that were low yielding and genotypic instability. The correlation coefficients among the 12 test environments and the vector view of the GGE-biplot provide a succinct summary of the interrelationship between the environments. Among 67 correlation coefficients, 38 of which were significant. All environments were positively correlated except that environment E5 negatively correlated with E9, E12 and E10.
Data Rate Theorem perspectives on the contribution of extrinsic risk factors to cancer development

We explore environmentally-induced tumors in the context of the ongoing conict between long-evolved cancer control mechanisms and the central aw of multicellularity, using a number of convergent necessary conditions statistical models based on the Data Rate Theorem linking control and information theories. Multicellular cancer suppression is an inherently unstable dynamic process that can fail through sucient environmental insult, in particular for humans, involving the synergism of chemical exposures with the chronic inammation of ‘social’ exposures that may be seen as accelerated aging.
The sharp-interface limit of the Cahn-Hilliard system with elasticity

The aim of this work is to analyse the morphological changes in alloys with elastic misfit. The phase separation of a binary alloy takes place in three stages. t a first stage when a uniform mixture is brought into an unstable state many small nuclei of one component of the alloy are created, which grow in an intermediate state rapidly up to a certain order of size. The evolution on this short time scale is called spinodal decomposition. Now the two phases are separated but still form a finely mixed microstructure which gives rise to high interfacial energy. In the last stage of the phase separation, which takes place on a much slower time scale, atoms diffuse from smaller particles towards larger particles to decrease the surface area. Consequently, large particles grow and smaller ones shrink, a process which is known as Ostwald ripening or aging. In alloys with different kind of atoms the free energy which drives the process does not only depend on the surface area of the particles. If the difference in size of the atoms is not too large, they can fit on a common lattice but at the cost of a distortion of the lattice. The energy arising from this distortion is proportional to the volume of the particles and is thus unimportant for very small particles. As the coarsening process advances, the typical particle size becomes larger and the elastic energy becomes comparable to the surface energy. The effects of elastic misfit or inhomogeneous elastic properties can change the coarsening process drastically. The shape of the particles changes from spherical to cuboidal or plate shape, particles can align or even split, the coarsening process can slow down or might even stop. Since the elastic energy not necessarily favours large particles there is some hope that it is possible to use elastic effects to stabilise the coarsening process (inverse coarsening''). For the phenomenon of phase separation of binary alloys two models are widely accepted and used: a phase-field model (Cahn-Hilliard) and a sharp interface model (Mullins-Sekerka). We extend these models by elastic effects. Then, the two models are mathematically rigorously put into relation: we look at the asymptotic behaviour of solutions of the phase-field model. Here techniques from partial differential equations, functional analysis and geometric measure theory are applied. The mail result is that solutions of the phase-field model converge along a subsequence to a varifold-type solution of the sharp-interface model. The varifold notation enables us to generalise the notion of surface and its curvature in a way that the desired asymptotic limit. Furthermore, we have identified some situations where inverse coarsening'' is expected. In the non-elastic case the surface energy yields to the coarsening behaviour. So, in this sense the elastic effect surmounts the surface energy.