Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A finite memory observer approach to the design of fault detection algorithms

Modelling uncertainty is inevitable for most systems. Residual robustness with respect to modelling uncertainty is one of the most important issues in any practical fault diagnosis scheme. A significant class of model-based fault detection and isolation structure uses observers to generate residuals. Infinite dynamic observer memory inflicts a phenomenon generally referred as divergence. To overcome this drawback, a structure which intrinsically has finite process memory is proposed. Observer residuals give a possibility to check up explicitly how the more recent measurements which are suspected to be provided by a faulty sensor fit the process history. This paper presents extensions and improvements on the finite memory observer. The main contribution is to incorporate the parity relation design and observer into a diagnosis scheme. The application of the finite memory observer to the sensor fault detection problem is illustrated by a numerical example.
Global-cell selection in a partitioning-based fitter for an application-specific EPLD device

This paper presents a vertex ordering heuristic which speeds up the search process in the partitioning based fitting algorithm. The fitting algorithm maps sequential circuit onto a special application EPLD device, the CY7C361 from Cypress Semiconductor. The same approach can also be used for other EPLD and FPGA architectures. The vertex ordering heuristic decreases the search time from hours to seconds for more complex designs. The quality of results is not effected as the algorithm remains exact.
Climatic conditions and human activities shape diploid–tetraploid coexistence at different spatial scales in the common weed Tripleurospermum inodorum (Asteraceae)

While environmental conditions are reported as important determinants of cytotype distribution patterns in some mixed‐ploidy plant species, in others they seem to play no role. One reason for such inconsistency might be how and at what spatial scale the ecology of different cytotypes is compared. To address this issue, we adopted several complementary approaches to assess ecological requirements of cytotypes in a single species across wide‐range of spatial scales.
Technology-Enabled Self-Monitoring of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease With or Without Asynchronous Remote Monitoring: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of mortality worldwide. Reducing the number of COPD exacerbations is an important patient outcome and a major cost-saving approach. Both technology-enabled self-monitoring (SM) and remote monitoring (RM) programs have the potential to reduce exacerbations, but they have not been directly compared with each other. As RM is a more resource-intensive strategy, it is important to understand whether it is more effective than SM. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of SM and RM on self-management behaviors, COPD disease knowledge, and respiratory status relative to standard care (SC). Methods This was a 3-arm open-label randomized controlled trial comparing SM, RM, and SC completed in an outpatient COPD clinic in a community hospital. Patients in the SM and RM groups recorded their vital signs (oxygen, blood pressure, temperature, and weight) and symptoms with the Cloud DX platform every day and were provided with a COPD action plan. Patients in the RM group also received access to a respiratory therapist (RT). The RT monitored their vital signs intermittently and contacted them when their vitals varied outside of predetermined thresholds. The RT also contacted patients once a week irrespective of their vital signs or symptoms. All patients were randomized to 1 of the 3 groups and assessed at baseline and 3 and 6 months after program initiation. The primary outcome was the Partners in Health scale, which measures self-management skills. Secondary outcomes included the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, Bristol COPD Knowledge Questionnaire, COPD Assessment Test, and modified-Medical Research Council Breathlessness Scale. Patients were also asked to self-report on health system usage. Results A total of 122 patients participated in the study, 40 in the SC, 41 in the SM, and 41 in the RM groups. Out of those patients, 7 in the SC, 5 in the SM, and 6 in the RM groups did not complete the study. There were no significant differences in the rates of study completion among the groups (P=.80). Conclusions Both SM and RM have shown promise in reducing acute care utilization and exacerbation frequencies. As far as we are aware, no studies to date have directly compared technology-enabled self-management with RM programs in COPD patients. We believe that this study will be an important contribution to the literature. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03741855; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03741855 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/13920
Factors related to computer use by teachers in classroom instruction

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the following factors predict computer use by teachers in classroom instruction: attitudes of teachers toward computers in the classroom, access by teachers and students to computers, training of teachers in computer use, support of teachers in their use of computers, age of the teacher, grade level in which the teacher teaches, curriculum area in which the teacher teaches, gender of the teacher, and number of years the teacher is from retirement. Computer use was measured in five ways: over-all computer use and use in drill and practice, whole class instruction, student-directed learning, and computer skills instruction. The design of the study was both quantitative and qualitative. The population of the study was the classroom teachers of Carroll County (Virginia) Public Schools. A survey instrument was designed to measure computer use and the factors related to use. The responses from the survey were analyzed with multiple regression techniques to determine which factors were predictors of computer use by teachers in classroom instruction. The qualitative portion of the study consisted of five focus groups (5-7 teachers from grades PreK-2, 3-5, 6-7, 8-9, 10-12). The nominal group technique was used to create a prioritized list of strategies to improve teacher use of computers by focusing on the factors determined to be predictors. Factors that predict computer use varied by grade level. Training was the most common predictor followed by attitude, support, access, and age of teacher. The prioritized lists of strategies from the focus groups included grade and curriculum specific computer training, technology "coaches" in every building, and computer labs in every building. A major implication of the study was that training must be specifically targeted to grade level and curriculum area to be effective.
Experiences in validating genomic evaluations

Several approaches were used to validate genomic evaluations for Holstein bulls in Canada. Four year old data was used to calculate estimated breeding values both with and without including genomic information and these breeding values were compared to current official domestic proofs. Results showed that using genomic information improved the accuracy of estimated breeding values for young bulls but these accuracies remain much lower than accuracies of progeny tested bulls.
Channel management in microcell/macrocell cellular radio systems

In this paper, we study spectrum management in a two-tier microcell/macrocell cellular system. Two issues are studied: micro-macro cell selection and frequency spectrum partitioning between microcells and macrocells. To keep the handoff rate in a two-tier cellular system at an acceptable level, low mobility users (with speed /spl upsi/ V/sub 0/) should undergo handoffs at macrocell boundaries. The mobile determines user mobility from microcell sojourn times and uses it for channel assignment at call origination and handoff. The probability of erroneous assignment of a mobile to a microcell or macrocell is shown to be significantly lower than previous approaches. We investigate the optimal velocity threshold, V/sub 0/, and propose that it may be dynamically adjusted according to traffic load. Finally, we propose a systematic way for finding an optimal partition of frequency spectrum between microcells and macrocells. This partitioning is based on the traffic load and velocity distribution of mobiles in the system.
Remote sensing of buried objects: an analysis using FD-TD simulation

A numerical modeling algorithm is developed and used to compute the scattering from objects buried under an irregular ground surface. The algorithm integrates object scattering with scattering from a rough surface above these objects. The algorithm will support two modes of operation: (a) return signal strength as a function of system, geometry, ground and object parameters and (b) angle and frequency diverse image as a function of system, geometry, ground and object parameters. The technique to be used for this effort will be a combination of the standard finite difference time domain (FD-TD) method, a randomly rough surface generation routine and an image generation routine developed at the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA). Such an algorithm should be useful for predicting the return signal as a function of the radar system parameters and the ground condition. It also offers the potential to find an optimum choice of system and geometric parameters for detecting buried objects under a given situation.
The murine transcriptome reveals global aging nodes with organ-specific phase and amplitude

Aging is the single greatest cause of disease and death worldwide, and so understanding the associated processes could vastly improve quality of life. While the field has identified major categories of aging damage such as altered intercellular communication, loss of proteostasis, and eroded mitochondrial function1, these deleterious processes interact with extraordinary complexity within and between organs. Yet, a comprehensive analysis of aging dynamics organism-wide is lacking. Here we performed RNA-sequencing of 17 organs and plasma proteomics at 10 ages across the mouse lifespan. We uncover previously unknown linear and non-linear expression shifts during aging, which cluster in strikingly consistent trajectory groups with coherent biological functions, including extracellular matrix regulation, unfolded protein binding, mitochondrial function, and inflammatory and immune response. Remarkably, these gene sets are expressed similarly across tissues, differing merely in age of onset and amplitude. Especially pronounced is widespread immune cell activation, detectable first in white adipose depots in middle age. Single-cell RNA-sequencing confirms the accumulation of adipose T and B cells, including immunoglobulin J-expressing plasma cells, which also accrue concurrently across diverse organs. Finally, we show how expression shifts in distinct tissues are highly correlated with corresponding protein levels in plasma, thus potentially contributing to aging of the systemic circulation. Together, these data demonstrate a similar yet asynchronous inter- and intra-organ progression of aging, thereby providing a foundation to track systemic sources of declining health at old age.
Neuroanatomy of neural networks of the vestibular system: vestibular maculas as prototypic neuronal networks

Vestibular maculas are discussed as prototypic neuronal networks that have many of the attributes of more advanced systems. Their basic organization is characterized by highly channeled and distributed modifying circuits that are integrated through feedforward-feedback loops. This architecture is studied by computer simulations that are based on morphological data obtained electron microscopically. Results clarify the function of the distributed modifying circuit in macular information processing. It is suggested that similar dual circuitry be implemented in artificial neural networks and computer design. <<ETX>>
A genetic algorithm approach for scheduling of resources in well-services companies

In this paper, two examples of resources scheduling in well-services companies are solved by means of genetic algorithms: resources for call solving, people scheduling. The results demonstrate that the genetic algorithm approach can provide acceptable solutions to this type of call solving for scheduling in well-services companies. The suggested approach could be easily extended to various resource scheduling areas: process scheduling, transportation scheduling.
Memory system reliability improvement through associative cache redundancy

A redundancy memory architecture that increases system memory reliability without incurring the memory access speed degradation or size impact that result from using error-correction coding or paper-swapping techniques have been developed. The architecture uses a small associative cache memory to provide redundant memory locations. Logic is provided to perform memory system testing and remapping of fault memory locations. A VLSI circuit has been developed that incorporates the features of the architecture as a proof-of-concept demonstration. This device has been designated the memory reliability enhancement peripheral (MREP). <<ETX>>
Applied & Computational Mathematics

The amount of DNA sequence data produced by several genomic projects had increased dramatically in recent years. One of the main goals of bioinformatics was to identify genes. A crucial part of the gene identification was to precisely detect the exon intron boundaries, i.e. the splice sites. This paper introduced a new type of artificial neural network (called NANN), which was designed specifically to solve the splice sites prediction problem. Moreover, the network connection weights of NANN were determined by an improved particle swarm optimization which was inspired by the wolves' activities circle. In addition, three types of encoding approaches were applied to generate the input for the NANN. Intensive experiments were presented in this paper, and the results showed that our algorithm was better than some current methods, that is, the NANN_IPSO was applicable to splice site prediction problem.
Evolutionary adaptive-critic methods for reinforcement learning

In this paper, a novel hybrid learning method is proposed for reinforcement learning problems with continuous state and action spaces. The reinforcement learning problems are modeled as Markov decision processes (MDPs) and the hybrid learning method combines evolutionary algorithms with gradient-based adaptive heuristic critic (AHC) algorithms to approximate the optimal policy of MDPs. The suggested method takes the advantages of evolutionary learning and gradient-based reinforcement learning to solve reinforcement learning problems. Simulation results on the learning control of an acrobot illustrate the efficiency of the presented method.
Optimal Results: What Libraries Need to Know About Google and Search Engine Optimization

Search engine optimization, or the practice of designing a web site so that it rises to the top of the results page when users search for particular keywords or phrases, has become so prevalent on the modern web that it has a significant influence on Google search results. This article examines the techniques used by search engine optimization practitioners, the difference between “white hat” and “black hat” optimization tactics, and why it is important for library staff to understand these techniques and their impact on search engine results pages. It also looks at ways that library staff can help their users develop awareness of the factors that influence search results and how to better assess the quality and relevance of results listings.
Performance of iterative successive detection algorithm with space-time transmission

The use of both time and space dimensions for transmission has attracted a lot of attention as a new technique that realizes high capacity and high quality communications over a wireless channel. This technique is named space-time transmission (STT). STT is performed by the use of multiple antennas at both the receiver and the transmitter sides. At the transmitter, multiple data streams are transmitted at the same time and on the same frequency. Each stream departs from one antenna to be received at all receive antennas superposed with the remaining streams. At the receiver, sophisticated signal processing is required to combat multipath, inter-streams interference and noise. Targeting STT systems with huge number of antennas, we focus on successive detection algorithms based receivers for their reasonable complexity. In order to improve the performance of such receivers with the zero forcing criterion, a new ordered iterative method is proposed. This new method reveals a higher receive diversity degree extraction than the conventional V-BLAST receiver or other iterative methods.
Spacecraft alignment estimation

A numerically well-behaved factorized methodology is developed for estimating spacecraft sensor alignments from prelaunch and inflight data without the need to compute the spacecraft attitude or angular velocity. Such a methodology permits the estimation of sensor alignments (or other biases) in a framework free of unknown dynamical variables. In actual mission implementation such an algorithm is usually better behaved than one that must compute sensor alignments simultaneously with the spacecraft attitude, for example by means of a Kalman filter. In particular, such a methodology is less sensitive to data dropouts of long duration, and the derived measurement used in the attitude-independent algorithm usually makes data checking and editing of outliers much simpler than would be the case in the filter. <<ETX>>
Design considerations on very high resolution sigma-delta modulators

This paper describes theoretical limits and practical considerations concerning the design of high resolution (SNR>100 dB) sigma-delta A/D converters. By looking at a series of constraints affecting the design of basic devices and building blocks, we discuss important aspects of the theory of high-order single-loop modulators and find limitations to the maximum signal-to-noise ratio as a function of the power consumption and the sampling frequency. Moreover, starting from the theoretical results, we show how to optimize the modulator performance with behavioral simulations.
Experiments of hands-free connected digit recognition using a microphone array

A scenario concerning hands-free connected digit recognition in a noisy office environment is investigated. An array of six omnidirectional microphones and a corresponding time delay compensation module are used to provide a beamformed signal as input to a hidden Markov model (HMM) based recognizer. Phone HMM adaptation is used to further reduce the mismatch between training and test conditions. Both real and simulated array signals, generated by means of the image method, were used to evaluate system performance. Real data were collected in a moderate noise environment with talkers at 1.5 m distance from the array. Results show that a digit accuracy over 95% can be achieved using the array and the HMM adaptation. This result has to be compared with 99.7% digit accuracy obtained by using a closetalk microphone instead of the array.
Synthesis of resource control nets using siphons

This paper addresses the synthesis of Petri nets for modelling manufacturing systems with shared resources. It takes a resource point of view and adopts a modular modelling approach. First the dynamic behaviour of each resource is modelled separately using resource control nets, strongly connected state machines with one place being marked initially. Interactions among the resources are then modelled through merging of common transitions and common transition subnets. This paper provides conditions, expressed in terms of siphons, under which reversibility and liveness of the integrated model are obtained. Relations between siphons, circular structure and circular-wait are formally established.
What Makes a Good Feature

Using a Bayesian framework, we place bounds on just what features are worth computing if inferences about the world properties are to be made from image data. Previously others have proposed that useful features reflect ``non-accidental'''' or ``suspicious'''' configurations (such as parallel or colinear lines). We make these notions more precise and show them to be context sensitive.
Design and Implementation of Location-Aware Smart Phone-based Theater Guide System

This research aims to develop practical location-based services that provide users with personalized theater guide services on smart phones. In this research, we have designed and implemented a smart theater guide system for Deahakro, Seoul based on smart phones incorporating GPS. This system first identifies the current position using GPS, and maps the current position onto the map. It is designed and implemented to provide users with personalized information service about the plays and the theaters nearby the current position. It is also optimized to be useful effectively by performing on-site experiments.
Locating user functionality in old code

It is pointed out that software maintainers often have to recover requirements traceability in old code. In other words, they need to determine in which parts of the program the functionality X is implemented. The authors propose a methodology for answering this question based on the use of carefully designed test cases as probes into the code. While the methodology is not applicable to all kinds of requirements and may not find all relevant code components, it should often provide a maintainer with good starting points for studying a large and poorly documented system. Two formulations of the methodology are suggested, and some encouraging experimental results are presented from a case study of a typical old program. <<ETX>>
A high-frequency high-Q CMOS active inductor with DC bias control

The design of a very simple CMOS high-Q active inductor suitable for applications at low supply voltage and high frequencies is discussed. The inductor value, L, and the quality factor, Q, are independently adjustable by two PMOS varactors (variable capacitors). Alternatively, L can be tuned via a bias current. The inductor's DC level is set by a bias voltage. The self-resonance frequency, f/sub r/, is larger than 1GHz and very high values of Q, up to Q=/spl infin/, can be obtained so that circuit can be used for constructing high-frequency oscillators. The performance of the electronic inductor is demonstrated by simulation.
Generalized fast convolution implementations of adaptive filters

The generalized frequency domain adaptive filtering (GFDAF) algorithms are efficient implementations of the block least mean square (LMS) algorithm when small block sizes, compared to the number of adaptive coefficients, are required. The behavior of these algorithms is investigated and an examination is made of the use of a self-orthogonalization procedure and of an unconstrained form of the algorithm. Computer simulations are presented verifying the behavior of these methods, and comparing their performance to that of the subband filtering method for the acoustic echo cancelling application. <<ETX>>