Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observation of a Floquet symmetry-protected topological phase with superconducting qubits

Quantum many-body systems away from equilibrium host a rich variety of exotic phenomena that are forbidden by equilibrium thermodynamics. A prominent example is that of discrete time crystals [1-8], where time translational symmetry is spontaneously broken in periodically driven systems. Pioneering experiments have observed signatures of time crystalline phases with trapped ions [9,10], spins in nitrogen-vacancy centers [11-13], ultracold atoms [14,15], solid spin ensembles [16,17], and superconducting qubits [18-20]. Here, we report the observation of a distinct type of intrinsically non-equilibrium state of matter, a Floquet symmetry-protected topological phase, which is implemented through digital quantum simulation with an array of programmable superconducting qubits. Unlike the discrete time crystals reported in previous experiments, where spontaneous breaking of the discrete time translational symmetry occurs for local observables throughout the whole system, the Floquet symmetry-protected topological phase observed in our experiment breaks the time translational symmetry only at the boundaries and has trivial dynamics in the bulk. More concretely, we observe robust long-lived temporal correlations and sub-harmonic temporal response for the edge spins over up to 40 driving cycles using a circuit whose depth exceeds 240. We demonstrate that the sub-harmonic response is independent of whether the initial states are random product states or symmetry-protected topological states, and experimentally map out the phase boundary between the time crystalline and thermal phases. Our work paves the way to exploring novel non-equilibrium phases of matter emerging from the interplay between topology and localization as well as periodic driving, with current noisy intermediate-scale quantum processors [21].
Temporal Distribution of Finfish and Shellfish in Payra River: Relationship with Climatological Changes, Ecological Pollution, and Threat Assessment

The Payra River is one of the large coastal rivers in Bangladesh which supports incredible fish species and has been affected by extensive human disturbance due to huge fishing pressure. The present study provides information about the temporal diversity of finfish and shellfish concerning climatological variables and ecological pollution along with threat assessment in the Payra River, Patuakhali. During the entire study, a total of 61 fish species including 56 finfish and 5 shellfish species were recorded under 22 families belonging to 11 orders. The order-wise fish species availability showed that the Perciformes (29.49%) was the dominant order based on species richness. Among them, 4 endangered, 6 vulnerable, 4 near threatened, 42 least concern, and 5 data deficient species were found. During the study period, the average Shannon-Weaver diversity index value was (3.33±0.12) indicates a good spread of fish population in the Payra river. Average Margalef richness index value was found (7.60±0.32), Pielou's evenness index (0.48±0.05), and Simpson dominance index (0.93±0.02) in Payra river. Dominance and Richness index value indicates clear water environment to slight pollution in the Payra river. Ten different kinds of fishing gears were identified under 3 major groups including 5 nets, 3 hooks and lines, and 2 traps. The phytoplanktonic genus and species revealed moderate pollution. Canonical correspondence analysis ordination plot showed that rainfall was the most influencing driving force among the meteorological parameters. The cluster analysis based on the Bray-Curtis similarity matrix showed that the winter season formed a separate cluster. In the recapitulation, the Payra River is a highly productive system that provides a favorable environment for a large variety of finfish and shellfish species assemblages. Findings of the conducted study are expected to be helpful for the respective researchers, policymakers, managers, and conservationists for the sustainable management of this water body and the interconnected surrounding neighboring countries.
Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle and Cancer Cell Proliferation by New VEGFR Inhibitors and Their Immunomodulator Effect: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation

Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation has an important role in the pathogenesis of both atherosclerosis restenosis and hypertension. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to stimulate VSMC proliferation. In addition, angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancerous growth. VEGF is the key modulator for the initial stages of angiogenesis that acts through the endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFRs). VEGFR-2 blockage is a good approach for suppression of angiogenesis. In order to discover novel VEGFR-2 TK inhibitors, we have designed and synthesized three new series of pyridine-containing compounds. The new compounds were all screened against a panel of three cell lines (HepG-2, HCT-116, and MCF-7). Promising results encouraged us to additionally evaluate the most active members for their in vitro VEGFR-2 inhibitory effect. Compound 7a, which is the most potent candidate, revealed a significant increase in caspase-3 level by 7.80-fold when compared to the control. In addition, Bax and Bcl-2 concentration levels showed an increase in the proapoptotic protein Bax (261.4 Pg/ml) and a decrease of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 (1.25 Pg/ml) compared to the untreated cells. Furthermore, compound 7a arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase with induction of apoptosis. The immunomodulatory effect of compound 7a, the most active member, showed a reduction in TNF-α by 87%. Also, compound 7a caused a potent inhibitory effect on smooth muscle proliferation. Docking studies were also performed to get better insights into the possible binding mode of the target compounds with VEGFR-2 active sites.
Diversity of Mix Microalgae in Fish Tanks under Different Weather Conditions

One of the biggest problems facing the world today is global warming. Many scientists believe that our production of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases contributed to the warming of the atmosphere and this effecting most living organisms on earth including microalgae. Therefore, this study aims to observe the changes in the diversity of mixed microalgae communities in different stocking densities of fish under different weather conditions within effects of environmental parameters on microalgae. Phytoplankton samples were +collected from five tanks, one tank is a control tank without fish and four tanks with different densities of fish (10, 20, 40, and 80 fishes) respectively under different weather conditions for microalgal diversity study. Weather conditions and rainfall were recorded daily. Microalgae samples were collected from fish were identified, enumerated and the diversity index determined based on Shannon, Richness, Evenness, and Simpson. There are 56 microalgal taxa found in the outdoor fish tanks belonging to 6 divisions represented by Chlorophyta (38) followed by Bacillariophyta (6), Cyanophyta (6), Dinophyta (3), Euglenophyta (2), and Crysophyta (1) in three weather conditions. The highest number of taxa recorded was 41 in tank 2 (20 fish), 39 taxa were observed in tank 3 (40 fish) followed by 34 taxa in tank 4 (80 fish), 33 taxa in tank 1 (10 fish), and 13 taxa in control tank without fish. In wet weather, the number of taxa was 25 followed by mixed weather 24 and dry weather with 22 taxa. Favorable water quality during wet weather is probably led to the highest species occurrence. Control tank without fish has 13 species represented by four microalgal divisions. Chlorophyta was the most common division in all tanks with 33 taxa in tank 1 (10 fishes), 41 taxa in tank 2 (20 fish), 39 taxa in tank 3 (40 fish), and 33 taxa in tank 4 (80 fish) in three weather conditions. The highest number of species occurred in wet weather and the lowest species occurrence in dry weather conditions. The most common and dominant species was Pandorina morum found in all tanks in different weather conditions. This study concluded that the fish stocking density and weather conditions influenced microalgal species composition and diversity.
Spacetime duality between localization transitions and measurement-induced transitions

Time evolution of quantum many-body systems typically leads to a state with maximal entanglement allowed by symmetries. Two distinct routes to impede entanglement growth are inducing localization via spatial disorder, or subjecting the system to non-unitary evolution, e.g., via projective measurements. Here we employ the idea of space-time rotation of a circuit to explore the relation between systems that fall into these two classes. In particular, by space-time rotating unitary Floquet circuits that display a localization transition, we construct non-unitary circuits that display a rich variety of entanglement scaling and phase transitions. One outcome of our approach is a non-unitary circuit for free fermions in 1d that exhibits an entanglement transition from logarithmic scaling to volume-law scaling. This transition is accompanied by a 'purification transition' analogous to that seen in hybrid projective-unitary circuits. We follow a similar strategy to construct a non-unitary 2d Clifford circuit that shows a transition from area to volume-law entanglement scaling. Similarly, we space-time rotate a 1d spin chain that hosts many-body localization to obtain a non-unitary circuit that exhibits an entanglement transition. Finally, we introduce an unconventional correlator and argue that if a unitary circuit hosts a many-body localization transition, then the correlator is expected to be singular in its non-unitary counterpart as well.
Ultracompact Fiber-to-Chip Metamaterial Edge Coupler

Compact fiber-to-chip light coupling with low loss and large bandwidth, SMF-to-chip edge coupler in particular, is extensively demanded in integrated photonics. The inescapable challenge of edge coupler is the difficulty and complexity in fabrication and packaging. During the past decades, metamaterials have manifested marvelous talent in integrated photonics. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an ultracompact edge coupler via metamaterial for SMF with a mode field diameter of 10 μm, which is fully based on silicon-on-insulator material and a CMOS compatible fabrication process. In this work, we theoretically analyze the coupling performance and the fabrication difficulty. The experimental results show that this metamaterial-based coupler possesses low coupling loss and broad bandwidth simultaneously with the coupling length of only 90 μm. At 1550 nm, the coupling losses are 2.22/2.53 dB/facet for the fundamental TE/TM mode, while the minimum average loss could reach 1.81 dB/facet. The measured bandwidth with a loss below 3 dB is as broad as 120 nm, covering the entire C/L band. Moreover, this prominently eased fabrication process potentially exhibits significant superiority in both research and industrial applications.
Science self-efficacy in the relationship between gender & science identity

ABSTRACT Historically women have been underrepresented in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). Some scholars have suggested that science self-concept perceptions have contributed to this gender gap. We propose and empirically examine a model of the relationships between gender, sexual orientation, science self-efficacy, and science identity. Specifically, we hypothesise that a key explanation for why gender differences in science identity exist may be that science self-efficacy is intervening in the relationship between gender and science identity. Surveys were administered to 964 first-year university students in the U.S. Science self-efficacy mediated the relationship between gender and science identity for heterosexual students, but not for non-heterosexual students. Whereas external factors that may affect gender differences in science self-concept perceptions should be considered, such as boosting females’ participation in science courses, the internal self-concept perceptions that individuals use to make decisions about STEM are of particular importance. Our results help to provide a better understanding of the roles that gender and sexual orientation play in science self-efficacy and science identity, and we hope that a better grasp of these relationships offers a step toward addressing the projected shortage of STEM workers.
Methods and Products for the Conservation of Vandalized Urban Art Murals

The possibility of contemporary mural paintings to be “tagged” by vandals, with spray and/or markers, represents a serious problem for the conservation of urban art. The present study aims to define the applicability of a protective coating on murals’ surface to preserve them against vandalism. The research has been focused on anti-graffiti products currently used in the field of cultural heritage conservation. These products represent an optimum start point to preserve mural artwork from vandal actions. The commercially available anti-graffiti products have been compared with an innovative product, PRO-ART, specifically formulated by YOCOCU in collaboration with Pelicoat, for the conservation of murals. At the same time, it has tested the cleaning of contemporary murals by using different mixtures of solvents and surfactants. The experimentations have been carried out on external walls, followed by the conducting of in situ tests (application tests, empirical evaluations and colorimetric analysis), as well as laboratory investigations (contact angle and optical/electronic microscopy).
Saliva fatigue biomarker index as a marker for severe myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome in a community based sample

ABSTRACT Objective The prevalence of pediatric Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) has been estimated from an ethnically and sociodemographically diverse community-based random sample of 10,119 youth aged 5–17. We assessed whether a salivary biomarker of fatigue could identify youth with ME/CFS. Study design We examined the ratio of the concentrations of 2 peptide fragments in saliva, referred to as the Fatigue Biomarker Index (FBI), in participants from our study diagnosed with ME/CFS (n = 59) and matched controls (n = 39). Results Significant overall differences were found in the FBI between those participants with severe ME/CFS and those with ME/CFS and the controls. Conclusions If confirmed in other populations, the FBI could serve as an objective test to aid in the diagnosis of severe ME/CFS. Abbreviations: ANOVA: analysis of variance; BSA: bovine serum albumin; FBI: fatigue biomarker index; IM: infectious mononucleosis; ME/CFS: myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome; OF: oral fluid; S-ME/CFS: severe myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Astragalin Protects against Spinal Cord Ischemia Reperfusion Injury through Attenuating Oxidative Stress-Induced Necroptosis

Spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (SCI/R) injury is a devastating complication usually occurring after thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. However, it remains unsatisfactory for its intervention by using pharmacological strategies. Oxidative stress is a main pharmacological process involved in SCI/R, which will elicit downstream programmed cell death such as the novel defined necroptosis. Astragalin is a bioactive natural flavonoid with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. Herein, we firstly evaluated the effect of astragalin to oxidative stress as well as the possible downstream necroptosis after SCI/R in mice. Our results demonstrated that astragalin improves the ethological score and histopathological deterioration of SCI/R mice. Astragalin mitigates oxidative stress and ameliorates inflammation after SCI/R. Astragalin blocks necroptosis induced by SCI/R. That is, the amelioration of astragalin to the motoneuron injury and histopathological changes. Indicators of oxidative stress, inflammation, and necroptosis after SCI/R were significantly blocked. Summarily, we firstly illustrated the protection of astragalin against SCI/R through its blockage to the necroptosis at downstream of oxidative stress.
Structural mechanisms for gating and ion selectivity of the human polyamine transporter ATP13A2

Mutations in ATP13A2, also known as PARK9, cause a rare monogenic form of juvenile onset Parkinson’s disease named Kufor-Rakeb syndrome and other neurodegenerative diseases. ATP13A2 encodes a neuroprotective P5B P-type ATPase highly enriched in the brain that mediates selective import of spermine ions from lysosomes into the cytosol via an unknown mechanism. Here we present three structures of human ATP13A2 bound to an ATP analogue or to spermine in the presence of phosphomimetics determined by electron cryo-microscopy. ATP13A2 autophosphorylation opens a lysosome luminal gate to reveal a narrow lumen access channel that holds a spermine ion in its entrance. ATP13A2’s architecture establishes physical principles underlying selective polyamine transport and anticipates a “pump-channel” intermediate that could function as a counter-cation conduit to facilitate lysosome acidification. Our findings establish a firm foundation to understand ATP13A2 mutations associated with disease and bring us closer to realizing ATP13A2’s potential in neuroprotective therapy. Highlights Structures of the Parkinson’s disease-associated polyamine transporter ATP13A2 Structures of three transport cycle intermediates reveal the gating mechanism Architecture of the polyamine binding site reveals mechanisms for ion selectivity The polyamine binding site’s location anticipates an ion channel-like mechanism
Lyophyllin, a Mushroom Protein from the Peptidase M35 Superfamily Is an RNA N-Glycosidase

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) hydrolyze the N-glycosidic bond and depurinate a specific adenine residue (A-4324 in rat 28S ribosomal RNA, rRNA) in the conserved α-sarcin/ricin loop (α-SRL) of rRNA. In this study, we have purified and characterized lyophyllin, an unconventional RIP from Lyophyllum shimeji, an edible mushroom. The protein resembles peptidase M35 domain of peptidyl-Lys metalloendopeptidases. Nevertheless, protein either from the mushroom or in recombinant form possessed N-glycosidase and protein synthesis inhibitory activities. A homology model of lyophyllin was constructed. It was found that the zinc binding pocket of this protein resembles the catalytic cleft of a classical RIP, with key amino acids that interact with the adenine substrate in the appropriate positions. Mutational studies showed that E122 may play a role in stabilizing the positively charged oxocarbenium ion and H121 for protonating N-3 of adenine. The tyrosine residues Y137 and Y104 may be used for stacking the target adenine ring. This work first shows a protein in the peptidase M35 superfamily based on conserved domain search possessing N-glycosidase activity.
A Delphi Consensus Study to Identify Anatomy Component of the Urogenital System for Teaching Medical Students

Background: Anatomy is an important basic science in medical education. Changes to the modern medical curriculum have an effect on reducing anatomy learning time which is not balanced with the number of anatomical materials that medical students must learn. In addition, there is a need for anatomical materials focused on the most relevant topics in clinical practice. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the core anatomical materials of the urogenital system for medical students as part of the development of medical curriculum in Indonesia. Summary of work: This qualitative study ued the two-round Delphi method. The subjects were general practitioners in Indonesia who were selected by purposive sampling according to the inclusion criteria that had been established. The first-round questionnaire was filled by giving important or not important value to the existing anatomical materials. The panel could add new materials in the first-round. The results of the first-round questionnaire were processed into the second-round, that then were rated with a range of 1-4 according to the importance level by the panel. The consensus
A Semi-Auto Text Mining Approach for Literature Review: An Example From IT for Entrepreneurship

The emergence of powerful information technologies (IT) has changed innovation and entrepreneurship in significant ways. Research in IT for entrepreneurship is relatively new and there is a growing interest from academics for further studies on investigating this area of research. This study reviews research carried out in the domain of IT for entrepreneurship. A total of 1005 papers, published between 1980 and 2021 were used to uncover the latent topics addressed in this domain. A topic modeling (LDA) algorithm was used to automate the process of extracting the initial research topics from the data. The results show that IT for entrepreneurship studies are classified into six aspects of research: entrepreneurship initiative and innovation, strategy, business process management and operation management, entrepreneurship education, industry analysis, and business model. The results raise awareness of IT-associated entrepreneurship areas of research, provide useful insights for future research, and informs practice in this domain of study.
Identification of Impurities and Improved the Synthesis of Lacosamide

The three step process used in the synthesis of Lacosamide (1) was studied and optimized leading to a more robust process. The key process improvements identified and included implementation of telescopic process improvements identified and incuded extraction and solvent exchange and significant optimization of final reaction including the beneficial effect of using aqueous ammonia resulting zero ppm level of residual reagent of dimethyl sulfate.
Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential oil from Leonurus pseudomacranthus Kitag

This study investigated the chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Leonurus pseudomacranthus Kitag for the first time. The chemical composition was studied by GC-FID and GC-MS. Forty-nine compounds accounting for 91.1% of the essential oil were identified. The major components were sclareol (34.8%), β-caryophyllene (7.1%), precocene (I) (6.3%) and α-muurolene (5.3%). The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was assessed by the disc diffusion and microdilution methods. The essential oil showed excellent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 0.039 mg/mL and 0.156 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant potential was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. The essential oil gave IC50 values of 1.513 mg/mL, 0.152 mg/mL in DPPH and ABTS methods, and a Trolox equivalent concentration of 33.63 μmol Trolox × g-1 in FRAP method. The results indicated that the essential oil could be regarded as a promising product for pharmaceutical and food industry after more detailed study.