Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Achieving a desired training intensity through the prescription of external training load variables in youth sport: More pieces to the puzzle required

ABSTRACT Identifying the external training load variables which influence subjective internal response will help reduce the mismatch between coach-intended and athlete-perceived training intensity. Therefore, this study aimed to reduce external training load measures into distinct principal components (PCs), plot internal training response (quantified via session Rating of Perceived Exertion [sRPE]) against the identified PCs and investigate how the prescription of PCs influences subjective internal training response. Twenty-nine school to international level youth athletes wore microtechnology units for field-based training sessions. SRPE was collected post-session and assigned to the microtechnology unit data for the corresponding training session. 198 rugby union, 145 field hockey and 142 soccer observations were analysed. The external training variables were reduced to two PCs for each sport cumulatively explaining 91%, 96% and 91% of sRPE variance in rugby union, field hockey and soccer, respectively. However, when internal response was plotted against the PCs, the lack of separation between low-, moderate- and high-intensity training sessions precluded further analysis as the prescription of the PCs do not appear to distinguish subjective session intensity. A coach may therefore wish to consider the multitude of physiological, psychological and environmental factors which influence sRPE alongside external training load prescription.
Characteristics of Oklahoma Agritourism Facebook Posts

Agritourism is recreational travel for agricultural activities. While it provides many benefits, such as rural development and heritage preservation, many agritourism operators express challenges in marketing their operations. Social media is increasingly common in tourism marketing, but little research exists describing current marketing practices. Quantitative content analysis was used to describe 174 Oklahoma agritourism operations’ Facebook page activity in June 2018. Original posts created by the agritourism operations and community posts created by the general public had similar amounts of public interaction. Post interactions were not related to post length, and original post interactions were also not related to overall page likes. Live videos and traditional posts received the most interaction amongst types of original posts. Facebook event posts made by the agritourism operation received more public interaction than event posts made by the general public. Agritourism operators should focus on quality over quantity of information and be wary of creating posts in an “echo chamber” as only a small proportion of a large page following interact with posts. Marketing practitioners should avoid providing one-size-fits-all advice in Facebook marketing, as there was a large variety of Facebook activity observed. Future research should more specifically describe content of posts and consider perspectives of agritourism operators and visitors towards current Facebook marketing strategies.
Performance assessment of antenna array for an unmanned air vehicle

In this paper, the performance of Linear Antenna Array Element (LAAE) has been evaluated at the Base Station (BS) with a different number of elements for Unmanned Air Vehicle UAV application. The Switched Beam (SB) and Phase Array (PA) have been used as a steering beam mechanism. The beam steering tracker is based on the GPS points of the UAV and the BS. In addition, the Misalignment angle has been analyzed for SB and PA corresponding to the maximum speed of the UAV. The compression between SB and PA in term of Bit Error Rate (BER) vs. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and BER vs. Misalignment angle have been examined by using Matlab. The results show that the PA has better performance than SB in both terms under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel with an interference signal. When the number of the elements is eight provides longer distance than four by the factor (1.5 in SB case and 2 in PA case) and wider Misalignment angle range than twelve by factor (2 in SW case and 3 in PA case). Therefore, it is becoming a useful option for many applications.
An improved unsteady creep model based on the time dependent mechanical parameters

Abstract In order to study the obvious rheological properties of the surrounding rock during the mining process of Fuxin Hengda Coal Mine, the creep test under different confining pressures was carried out by using the MTS812.02 test machine. Considering the influence of time and stress on creep parameters and mechanical parameters, a damage model considering time-dependent and stress states was established by introducing the concept of over-stress difference and time product. Based on the Nishihara model, a new unsteady creep model was established. Combined with the experimental results of creep under different confining pressures of sandstone, the parameters in the model were inverted. The parameters obtained were substituted into the model for comparison with the test curve. The results showed that the fitted values from the model matched the creep test data very well. The model could overcome drawbacks in the traditional Nishihara model to describe the accelerated creep phase. This study also presented the deformation characteristics of all three stages of sandstone creep. The results proved that the unsteady nonlinear creep model is reasonable and correct.
RISK BASED STRATIFICATION OF HYPERTENSION IN TEACHERS OF UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR

Introduction: Among the many risk factors for hypertension in the general population, sedentary and stressful lifestyle is a major known risk factor. Based on previous studies, the teaching profession is known for maintaining sedentary and stressful lifestyles, thereby suffering from higher than expected prevalence of hypertension. The objective of this study was to find the known risk factors associated with hypertension in teachers of University of Peshawar. Materials & Methods: A Cross Sectional study was conducted from June 2010 to August 2010 in all colleges inside Peshawar University campus, which included Khyber Medical College, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar University (all departments), University of Engineering and Technology, Jinnah College, Institute of Management Studies, Islamia College University and Agriculture University. Five hundred teachers of University of Peshawar were selected through random sampling technique. A closed-ended questionnaire was employed for collection of data. The data were analyzed using the computer software SPSS version 17.0, then presented in tabulated and graphical forms. Results : Of the 500 teachers interviewed, 353 (70.6%) were male and 147 (29.4%) were female; 128(25.6%) teachers reported hypertension. Age above 40 years showed higher association with hypertension (110/128, 85.9%) as also a positive family history of hypertension (33%). Among overweight, 38.3% & among obese, 55.6% were found to be hypertensive; 29.3% of smokers were hypertensive as compared to 25.4% of non-smokers. All the hypertensive patients seemed to be stressed in one way or the other. Sedentary lifestyle also contributed towards development of hypertension as 39.5% of those living a sedentary lifestyle were hypertensive. Conclusion: Multiple modifiable risk factors contributed to the prevalence of hypertension in teachers of Peshawar University. Teachers would likely benefit from lifestyle modifying measures to reduce hypertension. Key Words : Hypertension; Life Style; Faculty; Sedentary Lifestyle; Smoking; Obesity.
Well-being among PhD candidates.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the pilot study was to demonstrate that PhD students declare lower psychological well-being, and more often complain about psychosomatic symptomsand illnesses compared to individuals who did not continue education after university. METHODS A total of 270 participants were involved in the study: 135 PhD students (mean age = 30.03 years) and 135 control individuals (mean age = 30.13 years) who did not continue education beyond their master's degree. The following methods were used: a sociodemographic survey taking into account a list of illnesses and psychosomatic symptoms, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the SPP-25. RESULTS The results were calculated using ANOVA. The results show a significantly higher severity of the following: somatic symptoms (F = 12.913; p < 0.001), anxiety and insomnia (F =19.769;p < 0.001), behavioral disorders (F =8.782;p = 0.003), symptoms of depression (F = 8.560; p = 0.004) among PhD students when compared with individuals who chose not to continue education. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that PhD students demonstrate a significantly lower level of general mental well-being, a higher level of behavioral disorders, somatic symptoms, anxiety and sleep problems, as well as depressive symptoms - compared to individuals who did not continue education after achieving a master's degree.
Development and Validation of the State Regulatory Focus Scale

ABSTRACT Promotion- and prevention-focused regulation influence a variety of workplace behaviors, including innovation and safety performance. Although regulatory foci are theorized to vary both between- and within-individuals, little within-person research has been conducted. One reason for this gap is the lack of a well-validated state regulatory focus scale. Thus, across four studies (total N = 1,300), we develop and validate the State Regulatory Focus Scale (SRFS). We find that the scale scores are reliable, exhibit measurement invariance, and demonstrate convergent, divergent, and predictive validity. In addition, the SRFS detects changes in state regulatory foci in response to a regulatory focus induction. Overall, within-person regulatory foci relationships matched meta-analytic estimates, although were weaker compared to the between-person level relationships. We conclude with recommendations for future research.
Comparison of Three Extraction Protocols for the Characterization of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) Leaf Extracts: Evaluation of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids by Liquid Chromatography – Electrospray Ionization – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS) and the Antioxidant Activity

Abstract Three extraction methods, involving maceration, reflux, and ultrasonic extractions, were used to evaluate the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts from Capparis spinosa L. collected from five localities in South Tunisia. The results showed that the maceration extract contained the highest content of phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds. The maceration extraction method exhibited the highest antioxidant activities using the reducing power assay, the azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+), and the 2,2-diphényl-1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH°) radical scavenging activity. The determination of the phytochemicals in the extracts was carried out using a quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source that was operated in the negative ionization mode (LC–ESI–MS). The results allowed the detection of seven phenolic acids in the maceration extract and ultrasonic assisted extraction, but only six phenolic acids in the reflux extract. The major identified phenolic acids were quinic acid, gallic acid, and protocatchuic acid. Ten flavonoids were detected, and their concentrations varied according to the extraction method. Catechin was the most abundant flavonoid in all of the extracts. This investigation provides additional support for the use of caper leaves in medicinal and food applications.
Visible light-mediated photocatalytic bromination of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines using CBr4 as bromine source

Abstract The photocatalytic bromination of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines is described in this paper. This reaction uses the readily accessible and shelf-stable CBr4 as a bromine source. This photocatalytic system is shown to serve as a convenient and practical synthetic protocol for the preparation of 2-aryl-3-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. Graphical Abstract
Learning for angling: an advanced learning capability for avoidance of angling gear in red sea bream juveniles

Angling has been the cause of mortality for fish since ancient. The avoidance learning for angling gear could be considered as a survival strategy against the mortality by angling. Whereas some studies indicated the possibility of avoidance learning for angling gear, most studies investigated the avoidance learning by using groups of fish, in which it is difficult to reveal the process and mechanisms of the learning. The present study elucidated the avoidance learning for angling gear by experiment of single fish in a tank using red sea bream Pagrus major juveniles. Individuals with only once or twice of experience for angling avoided angling gear while showing the feeding motivation for pellets, representing avoidance learning for the angling gear. Most of the experienced individuals avoided the krill attached with a fishing line, but not krill and pellets near the angling gear. Feeding rate for prey on a fishing line at two month after the angling trial demonstrated that approximately half of fish kept the memory for angling gear. A series of experiment for angling gear elucidated that red sea bream juveniles are equipped with considerable learning capability for angling gear, suggesting a cognitive evolution for angling.
Brazilian Perspectives: Society, Stratification and Income Distribution

This paper aims to present a general evaluation on the inequality, income distribution and social mobility in Brazil between 2002 and 2014, under the governments of the Workers' Party. In this way, from the methodological point view, it is based on both a review of the literature about that subject and an investigation of the primary sources of the Brazilian social policies. Among the results found out, it can be highlighting the following sample: 1) historically, Brazilian society has been marked by inequality in several ways, and this is probably a consequence of his colonial legacy; 2) In the period between 2002 and 2014, Brazilian social inequality declined; 3) the decline of inequality can be explained by income growth, higher schooling levels and labor formalization, but the targeted social program, Bolsa Familia, also contributed to income convergence; 4) Brazil slashed poverty from 25 percent of the population in 2004 to 8.5 percent in 2014, and extreme poverty declined from 12 to 4 percent over the same period. Conclusively, it’s affirmed, for example, that the reduction of inequality in Brazil was the result of firm political decisions, as well as of the quality in management and implementation of the public policies by the technical teams.
Preschool Obesity Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Childhood Fracture: A Longitudinal Cohort Study of 466,997 Children and Up to 11 Years of Follow‐up in Catalonia, Spain

This study aimed to determine if having an overweight or obese range body mass index (BMI) at time of beginning school is associated with increased fracture incidence in childhood. A dynamic cohort was created from children presenting for routine preschool primary care screening, collected in the Information System for Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP) platform in Catalonia, Spain. Data were collected from 296 primary care centers representing 74% of the regional pediatric population. A total of 466,997 children (48.6% female) with a validated weight and height measurement within routine health care screening at age 4 years (±6 months) between 2006 and 2013 were included, and followed up to the age of 15, migration out of region, death, or until December 31, 2016. BMI was calculated at age 4 years and classified using WHO growth tables, and fractures were identified using previously validated ICD10 codes in electronic primary care records, divided by anatomical location. Actuarial lifetables were used to calculate cumulative incidence. Cox regression was used to investigate the association of BMI category and fracture risk with adjustment for socioeconomic status, age, sex, and nationality. Median follow‐up was 4.90 years (interquartile range [IQR] 2.50 to 7.61). Cumulative incidence of any fracture during childhood was 9.20% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.79% to 14.61%) for underweight, 10.06% (9.82% to 10.29%) for normal weight, 11.28% (10.22% to 12.35%) for overweight children, and 13.05% (10.69% to 15.41%) for children with obesity. Compared with children of normal range weight, having an overweight and obese range BMI was associated with an excess risk of lower limb fracture (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.42 [1.26 to 1.59]; 1.74 [1.46 to 2.06], respectively) and upper limb fracture (adjusted HR = 1.10 [1.03 to 1.17]; 1.19 [1.07 to 1.31]). Overall, preschool children with an overweight or obese range BMI had increased incidence of upper and lower limb fractures in childhood compared with contemporaries of normal weight. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Recent progress in bismuth ferrite-based thin films as a promising photovoltaic material

Abstract Application of ferroelectric oxides in photovoltaic devices has been revived by the emergence of bismuth ferrite thin films, a lead-free perovskite with a narrow bandgap ( 2.7 eV) and high remnant polarization (up to 100 µC cm−2). Ferroelectrics are known to exhibit above-bandgap photovoltage and switchable photocurrent. They may also display new functionalities if coupled with ferroic orders. Over the past few years, the research in the field of ferroelectric photovoltaic, mainly BiFeO3, has been thriving toward enhanced photovoltaic performance. The power conversion efficiency of 8.1% has been already achieved and larger values were theoretically predicted. In this context, this article summarizes prominent theories associated with ferroelectric-photovoltaic mechanism and provides the most recent progress in BiFeO3-based thin film devices. Emphasis is placed on design principles toward tailoring the photovoltaic effect via interfacial effect of electrodes and oxygen vacancies, as well as bandgap engineering. Finally, critical survey is accompanied with future perspectives, including integration of BiFeO3-based perovskites to other solar absorbers for highly efficient photovoltaic devices.
Additional Evidence for Pupil Size as a Measure of Within-Task Learning

This study sought to improve and extend previously conducted research that demonstrated the ability to capture within-task learning by measuring changes in an individual’s peak pupil size across a task. That research had two limitations that needed to be addressed: the use of pixels (an unstandardized pupil size measurement unit) as the primary metric and the lack of inclusion of a pre-stimulus baseline period. Ninety-two Navy and Marine Corps student pilots performed a spatial orientation aptitude test while their pupillary data were recorded. Notably, a new technique was used to convert pupil data from pixels to millimeters and a pre-stimulus baseline period was added between trials to capture tonic activation. Results revealed that peak pupil sizes significantly reduced across trials (r = -.80). The relationship was still very strong after accounting for a reduction in pupillary tonic activation across trials (r = -.59). These findings provide strong support for prior research that showed that reductions in maximum pupil size can demonstrate learning across trials while completing a task. Importantly, this work improved and extended that research by confirming the results using millimeters, a standardized unit of pupil size, instead of pixels, and accounting for tonic activation.
Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Abortion and Fetal Growth

25 Interleukin (IL) 10 is a potent immune-regulating cytokine and inhibitor of inflammatory 26 cytokine synthesis. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory role of IL10 in pregnancy, the response 27 of genetically IL10 deficient mice to low dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced abortion was 28 examined. When IL10 null mutant C57Bl/6 (Il10) and control (Il10) mice were 29 administered low dose LPS on day 9.5 of gestation, IL10 deficiency predisposed to fetal loss 30 accompanied by growth restriction in remaining viable fetuses, with an approximately 10-fold 31 reduction in the threshold dose for 100% abortion. After LPS administration, inflammatory 32 cytokines TNFA and IL6 were markedly increased in serum, uterine and conceptus tissue in 33 Il10 mice compared with Il10 mice, with elevated local synthesis of Tnfa and Il6 mRNAs 34 in the gestational tissues. IL1A and IL12p40 were similarly elevated in serum and gestational 35 tissues, while IFNG and soluble TNFRII content were unchanged in the absence of IL10. 36 Recombinant IL10 rescued the increased susceptibility to LPS-induced fetal loss in Il10 37 mice, but did not improve outcomes in Il10 mice. IL10 genotype also influenced the 38 responsiveness of mice to a TNFA antagonist, etanercept. Fetal loss in Il10 mice was partly 39 alleviated by moderate or high doses of etanercept, while Il10 mice were refractory to high 40 dose etanercept, consistent with attenuation by IL10 status of TNFA bioavailability after 41 etanercept treatment. These data show that IL10 modulates resistance to inflammatory stimuli 42 by down-regulating expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFA, IL6, IL1A and IL12, 43 acting to protect against inflammation-induced pathology in the implantation site. 44 INTRODUCTION 45 The maternal immune response is a key determinant of the success or failure of pregnancy, 46 and disruption of the necessary adaptations to accommodate the conceptus is implicated in 47 unexplained recurrent miscarriage in women [1]. The maternal immune response is 48 principally regulated by an array of cytokines acting in complex networks to orchestrate the 49
Esmolol Administration for the Treatment of Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) after releasing an aortic cross clamp in patients undergoing open heart surgery procedures is not rare. Ischemia-reperfusion injury after release of the aortic clamp, increased adrenergic tone, and insufficient protection of the myocardium are the possible causes. Amiodarone, lidocaine, and beta blockers have been added to the cardioplegia solutions as a preventive measure for reperfusion VF. We report a case of life-threatening, shock-resistant VF during the weaning period of a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in a 61-year-old male who underwent a mitral valve repair surgery for mitral valve regurgitation. After several defibrillation attempts, refractory VF was turned to normal sinus rhythm shortly after ultra-short acting, beta blocking agent esmolol administration. CPB was terminated successfully following this. In conclusion, VF is still a major problem for clinicians and the treatment of refractory VF is not well defined. In contrast with the absence of the sufficient randomized controlled human studies, theoretically beta blockers could be a choice alternative for shock refractory VF.