Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of machine learning models for malware detection

Abstract With the increasing importance of the internet and computers in the modern world, the task of its maintenance and protection from the threats posed by malicious software has become incredibly important. Malwares interfere with the regular working operations of other files and are responsible for corruption and leakage of private data to the outside world. The overall purpose of this research was to handle this exponentially growing threat to information technology and find a robust machine learning model required for the correct detection of malware. A more efficient and real-time working model is required for detection. The aim of this paper is to provide a concise analysis of malware detection methods using machine learning (ML) models having high detection rates, that have been proposed for the past few years. As the result of our analysis we found that the detection techniques can be divided into three sections on the basis of analysis carried out for feature study viz. Static, Dynamic and Hybrid. Classification algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RF), Decision Trees (DT), Naïve Bayes (NB), Neural Networks (NN), and many others were used for classification purpose. Some of the ML models have also combined big data, data mining and deep learning algorithms to achieve high accuracy rates. We concluded that ML methods have proven to give better results than the old signature-based or heuristics-based detection techniques and have high possibilities of further development.
UWB Positioning System with the Support of MEMS Sensors for Indoor and Outdoor Environment

Positioning systems should depend on a number of sub-systems such as global positioning system (GPS), inertial navigation system (INS), lidar, radar, vision systems etc. due to the growing popularity of autonomous vehicles. High accuracy of positioning process must be included due to driving safety (of autonomous vehicles and drivers in vehicles with assistance systems). The paper investigates the movement of a radiocontrolled (RC) model. The article presents the process of fusion and filtration on data from ultra-wideband (UWB) and INS systems. It focuses on the error that occurs in the first phase of determining a position, namely when the distance between two nodes is calculated. This error affects further process of data – trilateration, which is the next step to determine the position of objects. A method of data correction based on system information obtained from static measurements is also presented. The tests were carried out both indoors and outdoors, which illustrates the variability of the problem depending on the environment. Reference data for dynamic tests were obtained from a single-stripe lidar.
A 2600-yr-long paleoseismic record for the Himalayan Main Frontal Thrust
(Western Bhutan)

Abstract. In spite of an increasing number of paleoseismic studies carried out over the last decade along the Himalayan arc, the chronology of historical and pre-historical earthquakes is still poorly constrained. In this paper, we present geomorphologic and paleoseismic studies conducted over a large river-cut exposure along the Main Fontal Thrust in southwestern Bhutan. The Piping site reveals a 30-m-high fault-propagation fold deforming late Holocene alluvial deposits. There, we carried out detailed paleoseismic investigations and built a chronological framework on the basis of 22 detrital charcoal samples submitted to radiocarbon dating. Our analysis reveals the occurrence of at least five large and great earthquakes between 485 ± 125 BC and AD 1714 with an average recurrence interval of 550 ± 211 yr. Co-seismic slip values for most events reach at least 13 m and suggest associated magnitudes are in the range of Mw 8.5–9. The cumulative deformation yields an average slip rate of 25.3 ± 4 mm/yr along the Main Frontal Thrust, over the last 2600 yr in agreement with geodetic and geomorphological results obtained nearby.
Statistical Analysis of Joule Heating and Thermosphere Response During Geomagnetic Storms of Different Magnitudes

During a geomagnetic storm, the energy deposition from magnetosphere to thermosphere through Joule heating leads to variations in the total mass density of thermosphere. In this study, measurements obtained from the Challenging Minisatellite Payload and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellites between 2002 and 2008 are used to study the response of thermospheric density during geomagnetic storms of different magnitudes inferred from the Dst index. Based on the height‐integrated Joule heating with data derived from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program spacecraft, we statistically analyze 265 geomagnetic storm cases to study the characteristics of Joule heating distribution and its influence on thermospheric density. The results show that between thermospheric density and Joule heating during weak and moderate geomagnetic storms, the time lag is only about 0–2 hr, while the same for intense storms is 3–5 hr. This indicates that the time lag is positively correlated with the intensity of geomagnetic storms. Besides, it is found that the peak duration of Joule heating increases for more intense geomagnetic storms.
Dynamique spatio-temporelle de l’occupation du sol dans le Moungo, Région du Littoral, Cameroun : influence sur l’expansion des systèmes agroforestiers à base de bananiers

La présente étude vise à caractériser, sur 32 ans entre 1986 et 2018, les mutations spatio-temporelles qu’a connu la zone du Moungo dans la Région du Littoral au Cameroun en raison de l’expansion des plantations bananières et des diverses pressions dans l’utilisation des ressources. Les images satellitaires Landsat de 1986, 2001 et 2018 ont été exploitées à l’aide de la télédétection et des SIG. La classification non supervisée a permis d’obtenir huit classes d’occupation du sol (forêt dense, forêt claire, plantation et champs de cultures, sols nus, zone habitée, savane herbeuse et surface d’eau). La tendance évolutive des formations végétales est essentiellement régressive pour les forêts dense et claire avec une diminution de 336 924,51 ha à 272 887,04 ha entre 1986 et 2018, soit un taux de régression de 16,54% de la superficie totale. Par contre, elle est progressive pour les plantations/champs de cultures, savanes herbeuses, et zones habitées dont les superficies sont passées de 50 231,24 ha en 1986 à 111 325,41 ha en 2018 soit un taux de progression de 15,77%. Les facteurs de cette dégradation sont principalement d’ordres humains (agriculture, surpâturage et démographie galopante) et se traduit par la fragmentation des formations végétales naturelles au profit des surfaces cultivées et des zones d’habitations. Mots clés : Classes d’occupation du sol, facteurs de dégradation, Systèmes d’Information Géographique, Moungo-Cameroun. English Title: Spatio-temporal dynamic of land use change in the Moungo division, Littoral Region, Cameroon : influence on the expansion of banana-based agroforestry systems This study aims to characterize, over a 32-year period between 1986 and 2018, the spatial and temporal changes that occurs in the Moungo division located in the Littoral Region of Cameroon has undergone due to expansion bananas plantation and various pressures in the natural resources use. Landsat satellite images from 1986, 2001 and 2018 were exploited using remote sensing and GIS. The unsupervised classification yielded eight land use classes (dense forest, open forest, plantation and croplands, bare soil, inhabited area, herbaceous savannah and water plans). The evolutionary trend of vegetation formations is essentially regressive for dense and open forest with a decrease from 336 924.51 ha to 272 887.04 ha between 1986 and 2018, indicating a regression rate of 16.54% of the total area. On the other hand, it is progressive for plantations/croplands, herbaceous savannas, and inhabited areas, whose areas increased from 50 231.24 ha in 1986 to 111 325.41 ha in 2018, thus an increment rate of 15.77%. The degradation factors are mainly anthropogenic and include agriculture, overgrazing and increasing human population. As a result, the natural vegetation is being fragmented and transformed into cultivated areas and human inhabitations.Keywords : Land use classes, degradation factors, Geographical Information Systems, Moungo-Cameroon.
Performance of Growing Goats Fed Urea Sprayed Maize Stover and Supplemented with Graded Levels of Tithonia Diversifolia

A study was carried out to examine the effect of supplementing urea-sprayed maize stover with incremental levels of Tithonia diversifolia (Tithonia) forage on dry matter (DM) intake, digestibility and live weight changes. Fifteen crossbred bucks were used in a completely randomised design for a duration of 7 weeks. The treatments comprised of a control: the basal diet (maize stover sprayed with 1% urea) plus 100 g maize germ offered alone or supplemented with: 10 (Tl), 20 (T2), 30 (T3) or 40% (T4) Tithonia on a dry matter basis. All animals were allowed ad libitum access to water and mineral lick. Supplementing maize stover with Tithonia resulted in increased total DM intake (p 0.05) influence the intake of stover. Diet DM digestibility increased with supplementation with T3 recording the highest value of 66.5% which was 10.6% higher than the control. Supplementation significantly increased daily weight gains (p<0.05). T4 had the highest ADG (43.7 g/day), even though there was no difference between T4 and T3 (35.7 g/day). In goats, Tithonia should be included up to 30% of ration on a DM basis for optimum production. The higher level of inclusion (40%) may be used for higher total output in terms of meat and milk but with few animals.
Psammamonas australis gen. et sp. nov. (Raphidophyceae), a new dimorphic, sand-dwelling alga

Grant B. , Waller R.F. , Clementson L.A. and Wetherbee R. 2013. Psammamonas australis gen. et sp. nov. (Raphidophyceae), a new dimorphic, sand-dwelling alga. Phycologia 52: 57–64. DOI: 10.2216/12-070.1 A marine raphidophyte Psammamonas australis gen. et sp. nov. was described. Clonal cultures were established from field samples collected during the summer of 2009 from Wild Dog Beach, Victoria, Australia. Cells of Psammamonas australis had two distinct morphologies, a motile swimming phase and an adhesive benthic phase. Motile cells were irregularly ellipsoid to fusiform and were 25–35 μm long and 10–15 μm wide. The cells possessed two heterokont flagella arising from a groove and five to six nonoverlapping plastids. Benthic cells were typically irregularly discoid and were strongly adhered to the substrate either as single cells or close-fitting rafts. P. australis employed amoeboid movement during both the formation and the release of the multicelled rafts. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nuclear-encoded SSU ribosomal DNA sequence as well as the morphological evidence indicated that P. australis represented a new genus.
Sensitivity and regression analysis of acoustic parameters for determining physical properties of frozen fine sand with ultrasonic test

Determining the development of artificial frozen walls by present methods is challenging where substantial seepage occurs because fixed monitoring points only indicate physical properties in small areas. Here we use ultrasonic acoustic methods to determine the physical properties between two freezing pipes during freezing. Sensitivity analysis indicates that wave velocity is sensitive to physical properties, and the sensitivity rank is water content > temperature > density. The attenuation coefficient has a low sensitivity to physical parameters, whereas dominant frequency is sensitive to temperature and water content but insensitive to density. Wave velocity increases with temperature and density in a quadratic relationship, and with water content in a linear relationship. Dominant frequency increases with temperature and water content in a quadratic relationship. A multiple regression model of wave velocity and dominant frequency established by stepwise regression can be used to predict the relationship between wave velocity and temperature of frozen fine sand in different areas where the soil properties are similar to those reported here. Wave velocity and dominant frequency measured in the laboratory can be used to predict the relationship between acoustic parameters and temperature in field conditions after curve move based on the first data point from field measurements. The procedure of curve moving involves calculating the difference in value of the first data point between laboratory and field measurements at the same temperature level, and then moving the predicted curve of the laboratory test upward or downward according to the difference. Supplementary material: Experimental datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. 12268970
Usage of MODIS NDVI to evaluate the effect of soil and water conservation measures on vegetation in Burkina Faso

The dramatic droughts in West Africa from the 1960s to the 1990s compelled Burkina Faso to implement soil and water conservation (SWC) measures in the late 1970s. The purpose was to combat land degradation (e.g., desertification) in areas that experienced a decrease in vegetation productivity. In this study, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) trends from 2002 to 2016 were analyzed using the Mann‐Kendall test to explore the spatio‐temporal variations of vegetation at SWC and non‐SWC sites in selected regions of Burkina Faso. On average, NDVI increased by 3.6% annually from 2002 to 2016. Approximately 81% of the SWC sites experienced increasing (greening) trends, whereas 78% of the non‐SWC sites showed negative (browning) trends. Typically, SWC measures in Burkina Faso, such as zai (traditional planting pits use to foster the retention of soil moisture and increase soil nutrients) and half‐moons, are considered to have significant impacts on vegetation changes as visible from the NDVI. The results demonstrate that the implementation of SWC measures distinctly influences the vegetation growth in Burkina Faso. Thus, these findings could support regional and local informed decision‐making in the context of sustainable land use planning and evaluation of ecosystem services.
MARVIN: Identifying Design Requirements for an AI powered Conversational User
 Interface for Extraterrestrial Space Habitats

In this workshop paper we report on our early work to design a conversational interface for astronaut scientists in an extraterrestrial habitat (e.g. a habitat on Moon or Mars). At the workshop we will report on our initial design and first evaluations of our conversational user interface called MARVIN. Our goal with MARVIN is to support scientists on their missions and during their daily (scientific) routines within and outside the habitat. We are installing our interface in MaMBA. The MaMBA project aims to build a first functional extraterrestrial habitat prototype.
Promotion and contribution of biota in low water exchange ponds farming blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris (Stimpson)

An experimental study was conducted during 20 weeks in Bahia Kino, Sonora, Mexico, in order to evaluate the feasibility of promoting biota in low-water exchange ponds farming blue shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris. The effect of that promotion on the production parameters of cultured shrimp as well as on the water quality parameters was evaluated. Treatments consisted of: (i) ponds fed formulated food (FF), and (ii) ponds fed formulated plus promoted natural food (NFF). Phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos were effectively promoted during some weeks of the culture period. Growth and feed conversion ratio (15.16 g and 1.79 respectively) were significantly better in treatment NFF than in treatment FF (13.89 g and 2.02 respectively). Differences in some of the water quality parameters were observed among treatments. Phosphates (0.15 mg/L versus 0.53 mg/L), and total ammonia-N (0.09 mg/L versus 0.12 mg/L) presented greater concentrations in treatment FF than in the NFF.
Evolutionary history of the Karoo bush rat, Myotomys unisulcatus (Rodentia: Muridae): disconcordance between morphology and genetics

Morphological characters have historically been used as the basis for mammalian taxonomic designations and, in a geographic context, subspecies descriptions. Geographic genetic structuring of a species, however, often reflects a contrasting classification for sampled populations. To investigate morphological and genetic congruence, geometric morphometrics and phylogeographic mitochondrial DNA sequence analyses of a South African plains-dwelling species, Myotomys unisulcatus, the Karoo bush rat, was performed across its range. A Bayesian population structure analysis identified two closely-related distinct genetic assemblages: the first contains populations from both the eastern, southern, and western parts of the species range (coastal lowland group), and the second comprises individuals from the Little Karoo (central interior group). Areas of sharp elevation (the Great Escarpment), coupled to vegetational differences, appeared to be the main factor limiting gene flow between these two groups. Geometric morphometric analyses on the ventral and dorsal views of the crania of M. unisulcatus failed to support the genetic groupings. Instead environmental factors in the respective biomes appeared to play a more important role in shaping the crania of both genders. The contrasting patterns obtained between morphology and genetics in M. unisulcatus is probably indicative of phenotypic plasticity throughout the range of the species, and it is hypothesized that regional environmental factors play a prominent role in explaining geographic morphological variation within the species. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 102, 510–526.
A Control Device to Monitor Domestic Violence using Speech Analysis

This paper demonstrates the implementation of MFCC and HMM modules in voice simulated areas for the prevention and monitoring of domestic violence in real-time. This is based on the system for automatic speech recognition using the hidden Markov model Toolkit (HTK) and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC). The paper also holds an account for improved sound recognition provision using google recognition. The expected billing amount is also presented in this paper, for an approximate view of the product pricings. The device is theorised to function in all environment scenarios. The report has been presented in a detailed manner with all underlying components. The device is purely based on user experience and considering real-life scenarios and test cases.
Reliable and Efficient Multimedia Service Optimization for Edge Computing-Based 5G Networks: Game Theoretic Approaches

The edge computing-based 5G networks have the advantages in efficiently offloading the large-scale Internet traffic, which is considered to be a promising architecture to alleviate the conflict between transmission performance and quality of experience (QoE). However, due to the unreliability of service providers and the mutual interference between wireless channels in 5G networks, it is still difficult for existing solutions to provide satisfactory multimedia services for mobile users. In response to these crucial challenges, this paper proposes a reliable and efficient multimedia service optimization framework named “REMSO” hereby, including a two-stage joint optimization procedure. Specifically, a reliable video service mechanism is first constructed to help the mobile users distinguish the credible and economic service BSs. Afterwards, an efficient wireless resource allocation strategy is established to achieve low latency and energy efficient video service optimization. In particular, the Stackelberg and potential game models are leveraged to achieve these optimization objectives. Finally, extensive simulations corroborate that our REMSO framework can deliver prominent performance advantages in terms of the reliability and efficiency when comparing with the state-of-the-art solutions.
Formation of Russian companies with competitive advantages on the basis of innovations

: The goal of the work was to reveal the impact of innovations, advanced manufacturing and digital technologies on the growth of industrial complex capacity, and determination of the main trends of its technological development and the formation of high-order competitive advantage. The article identifies the trends of the post-industrial methods of production and the most innovatively active companies in different sectors of the economy. A logical relationship between innovative opportunities, high-order competitive advantage, competitiveness and competitive strategies of companies is revealed
Austerity urbanism: connecting strategies and tactics for participatory placemaking

ABSTRACT Austerity has led to a growing interest in small-scale urban practices that engage community groups in participatory placemaking as an alternative to developing government or commercially funded parks and urban spaces. These approaches draw on bottom-up tactics to empower local community groups to take ownership of small communal spaces but are also often supported strategically by small financial grants provided by local and national governments. In this article, we draw on de Certeau’s theory of strategies and tactics to explore the relationship between top-down strategies and bottom-up tactics in urban placemaking in response to the politics of austerity. We explore this process through critical analysis of our own participatory action research project to engage in the ideation and implementation of a community-run ‘Pocket-Park’. We argue that the complex interplay between participatory bottom-up tactics and more formal top-down strategies provides an approach to placemaking that uniquely facilitates creative practice and allows for a resurgence in non-commercialised public placemaking. We identify a process of manoeuvres (or strategic tactics) between de Certeau’s two concepts in which key participants undertake a translational process, to unlock the resources needed to support tactical placemaking.
Oat and Oat-Vetch as Rainfed Fodder-Cover Crops in Semiarid Environments: Effects of Fertilization and Harvest Time on Forage Yield and Quality

We evaluate the forage yield and quality, species composition, and carrying capacity of oats and oat-vetch as fodder-cover crops, grown in almond orchards, under mineral or organic fertilizer and three harvesting regimes (“grazing,” “hay,” and “grain plus straw”). Also, we show preliminary results of almond yield. Differences in yield due to mineral and organic fertilization were only 9%. The carrying capacity was similar for all treatments. The almond yield was greater when the cover crop was removed early as “grazing. ” Therefore, oats and oat-vetch could be used as cover crops in almond orchards if removed early by livestock grazing.