Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trading off static power and dynamic performance in CMOS digital circuits: bulk versus double gate SOI MOSFETs

This paper investigates with a mixed device/circuit simulation methodology the effectiveness of DG SOI MOSFETs compared to conventional bulk MOSFETs for the implementation of low standby power circuit techniques. Our results indicate that DG MOSFETs offer significant advantages essentially because of the larger V T sensitivity to back-biasing.
Authorization and Mobility in Openflow-enabled Enterprise Wireless Networks

Large-scale 802.11 wireless networks may benefit from Openflow deployment on its Access Points and other forwarding devices combined with centralized management of data flows on an Openflow controller. The reason is that services such as authentication or routing can be provided in an easier way and more efficiently when operating on a full view of the network rather than dealing with distributed state on the individual devices. The interaction of Openflow with mechanisms in wireless networks such as authentication, authorization and mobility of clients may yield new possibilities such as enabling roaming between APs or networks, enhancing handover or providing alternate means of authentication. For instance, computing a set of neighboring APs that the client frequently roams to may enable faster handover due to preauthenticating the station with the neighbors before roaming. The present student project report aims to explore ways to incorporate Openflow into an enterprise wireless network. It presents three examples of an Openflow-enabled architecture in terms of authentication, authorization and mobility. Furthermore, it describes the deployment of a prototype of one of these architectures in the Berlin Open Wireless Lab (BOWL) testbed, substituting the Linux bridge with the implementation of an Openflow-enabled virtual switch. Correct behavior in terms of authentication, authorization and handover were validated and an unexpected issue of flooding 802.1x frames was observed and corrected. This work is a proof-of-concept of how Openflow can be deployed in an enterprise Wireless network and proposes alternative architectures that require more implementation work, but enable features such as authentication to an arbitrary server and load balancing.
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GCN5-mediated Transcriptional Control of the Metabolic Coactivator PGC-1β through Lysine Acetylation*

Changes in expression levels of genes encoding for proteins that control metabolic pathways are essential to maintain nutrient and energy homeostasis in individual cells as well as in or ga nisms. An important regulated step in this process is accomplished through covalent chemical modifications of proteins that form complexes with the chromatin of gene promoters. The peroxisome proliferators γ co-activator 1 (PGC-1) family of transcriptional co-activators comprises important components of a number of these complexes and participates in a large array of glucose and lipid metabolic adaptations. Here, we show that PGC-1β is acetylated on at least 10 lysine residues distributed along the length of the protein by the acetyl transferase general control of amino-acid synthesis (GCN5) and that this acetylation reaction is reversed by the deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). GCN5 strongly interacts with PGC-1β and represses its transcriptional activity associated with transcription factors such as ERRα, NRF-1, and HNF4α, however acetylation and transcriptional repression do not occur when a catalytically inactive GCN5 is co-expressed. Transcriptional repression coincides with PGC-1β redistribution to nuclear foci where it co-localizes with GCN5. Furthermore, knockdown of GCN5 ablates PGC-1β acetylation and increases transcriptional activity. In primary skeletal muscle cells, PGC-1β induction of endogenous target genes, including MCAD and GLUT4, is largely repressed by GCN5. Functionally, this translates to a blunted response to PGC-1β-induced insulin-mediated glucose transport. These results suggest that PGC-1β acetylation by GCN5 might be an important step in the control of glucose and lipid pathways and its dysregulation could contribute to metabolic diseases.
Analysis of POU 1 F 1 gene Dde I polymorphism in Chinese goats

As a member of the POU-domain family, the POU1F1 is a positive regulator for growth hormone, prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone b, by binding to target DNA promoters as a dimer in mammals. This study described the polymorphisms at the goat POU1F1-DdeI locus and analyzed the distribution of alleles in 15 indigenous Chinese goat breeds. The PCR-RFLP analysis showed a predominance of the D1D1 genotype and the D1 allele, with average frequencies of 0.550 and 0.790, respectively, irrespective of goat utility type. The D1D2 genotype was the second most frequent, with a mean frequency of 0.371. The distributions of genotypic and allelic frequencies at this locus were found to be significantly different among populations based on a Chi square test (P < 0.001), suggesting that the breed factor significantly affected the molecular genetic character of the POU1F1 gene. The genetic diversity analysis revealed that Chinese indigenous populations had a wide spectrum of genetic diversity at the goat POU1F1-DdeI locus. However, an ANOVA analysis revealed no
The Relationship Between Isometric Force-Time Curve Characteristics and Club Head Speed in Recreational Golfers

Abstract Leary, BK, Statler, J, Hopkins, B, Fitzwater, R, Kesling, T, Lyon, J, Phillips, B, Bryner, RW, Cormie, P, and Haff, GG. The relationship between isometric force-time curve characteristics and club head speed in recreational golfers. J Strength Cond Res 26(10): 2685–2697, 2012—The primary purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relationships between club head speed, isometric midthigh pull performance, and vertical jump performance in a cohort of recreational golfers. Twelve recreational golfers (age, 20.4 ± 1.0 years; weight, 77.0 ± 9.8 kg; height, 177.8 ± 6.3 cm; body fat, 17.1 ± 7.6%; handicap, 14.5 ± 7.3; experience, 8.9 ± 3.6 years) completed 3 testing sessions: (a) familiarization session and body composition measurements; (b) measurement of force-time curves in the isometric midthigh pull, countermovement, and static vertical jump (SJ); and (c) measurement of club head speed. During sessions 1 and 2, subjects performed 5 countermovement jumps, 5 SJ, and 2 isometric midthigh pulls. Isometric peak force was measured at 30, 50, 90, 100, 200, and 250 milliseconds. Rate of force development was measured among 0–30, 0–50, 0–90, 0–100, 0–200, and 0–250 milliseconds. Peak rate of force development was determined as the highest value in a 10-millisecond sampling windows. During session 3, subjects performed 10 maximal golf swings with a driver to measure club head speed; peak and average club head speed were analyzed across the 10 swings. Golf handicap was moderately correlated with average (r = −0.52, p = 0.04) and maximal club head speed (r = −0.45, p = 0.07). Force at 150 milliseconds during the isomeric midthigh pull test was moderately correlated with average (r = 0.46, p = 0.07) and maximal club head speed (r = 0.47, p = 0.06). Moderate correlations were also found between the rate of force development from 0 to 150 milliseconds and average (r = 0.38, p = 0.11) and maximal club head speed (r = 0.36, p = 0.12). The present findings suggest that the ability to exhibit high ground reaction forces in time frames <200 milliseconds are related to high club head speeds.
Relationship of resistance to oxygen free radicals to CuZn‐superoxide dismutase activity in transgenic, transfected, and trisomic cells

Although CuZn‐superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) has been shown to reduce oxidative damage in several systems, the quantitative relationship between the degree of protection and CuZnSOD activity has not been well investigated. Therefore, the ability of cells to tolerate superoxide toxicity was assessed as a function of endogenous CuZnSOD activity in several mouse and human cell lines with progressively higher levels of CuZnSOD activity. In five lines of fetal fibroblasts derived from SOD1‐transgenic mice, with CuZnSOD activities of 1.7‐ to 7.1‐fold the nontransgenic level and no changes in the cellular glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity, a direct relationship (r = 0.97) between the LD50 to paraquat and enzyme activity was observed, suggesting that CuZnSOD activity is the single most important factor in determining the paraquat LD50. Mouse trisomy 16 fetal fibroblasts and human trisomy 21 lung fibroblasts, both expressing a 1.5‐fold increase in CuZnSOD activity, were 1.5‐fold more tolerant to paraquat than were their diploid counterparts. Furthermore, the protective effect of CuZnSOD at the DNA level, as shown by reduced thymine glycol generation, was demonstrated in paraquat‐treated transgenic fibroblasts. A direct relationship (r = 0.78) of paraquat LD50 and CuZnSOD activity was also observed with a panel of six lines of SOD1‐ transfected HeLa cells with 1.6‐ to 7.3‐fold the basal CuZnSOD activity. Moreover, there was no correlation between resistance to paraquat toxicity and the cellular GSHPx and/or catalase activity. Taken together, these results demonstrate a consistently protective effect of endogenous CuZnSOD against superoxide toxicity in both primary and transformed cell lines. —Huang, T. ‐ T. ; Carlson, E. J.; Leadon, S. A. ; Epstein, C. J. Relationship of resistance to oxygen free radicals to CuZn‐superoxide dismutase activity in transgenic, transfected, and trisomie cells. FASEB J. 6: 903‐910; 1992.
Dissociation of renin and noradrenaline release in the renal circulation. Studies on patients with renal hypertension.

Plasma renin activity (PRA) and noradrenaline concentration (NA) were measured in the renal veins (V) and arterial blood (A) in 30 patients investigated for renin-mediated hypertension. Both PRA and NA concentrations in arterial blood were above our reference limits and they were positively correlated. In 18 of the patients renin secretion was unilateral from the diseased side. Their renal vein NA concentration was always higher on that side, compared to the contralateral one, but there were V-A gradients for NA on both sides in all but two cases. In 15 of the patients with such lateralisation of renin secretion the changes of PRA and NA V-A gradients were determined 30-60 min after an i.v. injection of dihydralazine. Both PRA and NA increased more markedly in the renal vein on the affected side where the estimated renal plasma flow was lower than on the contralateral side. The NA gradients increased less than the PRA gradients when changes on the renin secreting side were compared in patients with proven increase of renin secretion. We conclude that patients with renal hypertension have a high sympathetic nervous activity as evidenced by increased plasma NA concentrations and (V-A) gradients for NA on both sides. The release of NA into the renal circulation in renin mediated hypertension is thus not invariably accompanied by renin release. The higher renal vein NA concentration on the involved renin secreting side is explained by reduced RPF on this side.
Low Power and High Speed Switching of Ti-doped NiO ReRAM under the Unipolar Voltage Source of less than 3 V

This paper reports on low-power and high-speed resistive switching of a Ti-doped NiO memory, which is based on the switching mechanism of the redox reactions in a filamentary conductive path. A small reset current of less than 100 muA was achieved by controlling the gate voltage of a cell transistor, which acts as an excellent current limiter in the set operation. A fast reset time of less than 5 ns was achieved by doping the Ti into the NiO film. Ti is thought to be effective to not only stabilize the reset process by forming an oxygen reservoir, but also to suppress the abnormal set phenomenon during the reset operation due to the formation of strong Ti-O bonds. Moreover, stable pulse switching with a large resistance change ratio has been successfully demonstrated using a unipolar voltage source of less than 3 V.
Role of the Escherichia coli Tat pathway in outer membrane integrity

The Escherichia coli Tat system serves to export folded proteins harbouring an N‐terminal twin‐arginine signal peptide across the cytoplasmic membrane. Previous work has demonstrated that strains mutated in genes encoding essential Tat pathway components are highly defective in the integrity of their cell envelope. Here, we report the isolation, by transposon mutagenesis, of tat mutant strains that have their outer membrane integrity restored. This outer membrane repair of the tat mutant arises as a result of upregulation of the amiB gene, which encodes a cell wall amidase. Overexpression of the genes encoding the two additional amidases, amiA and amiC, does not compensate for the outer membrane defect of the tatC strain. Analysis of the amiA and amiC coding sequences indicates that the proteins may be synthesized with plausible twin‐arginine signal sequences, and we demonstrate that they are translocated to the periplasm by the Tat pathway. A Tat+ strain that has mislocalized AmiA and AmiC proteins because of deletion of their signal peptides displays an identical defective cell envelope phenotype. The presence of genes encoding amidases with twin‐arginine signal sequences in the genomes of other Gram‐negative bacteria suggests that a similar cell envelope defect may be a common feature of tat mutant strains.
Comparative proteomic analysis of peripheral blood eosinophils from healthy donors and atopic dermatitis patients with eosinophilia

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic disease that has recently shown a dramatic increase of incidence in developed countries. Eosinophilia, the accumulation of eosinophils, occurs in AD patients through an anti‐apoptotic mechanism. To understand the target proteins involved in the anti‐apoptotic signaling of eosinophilia, we used a proteomic approach to analyze eosinophil proteins from AD patients with eosinophilia and healthy donors. Protein spots in two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) gels were identified with peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) based on matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) and database searching. More spots were observed in the 2‐DE proteome map from AD patient samples (1310 ± 58 spots) than in those from healthy donors (1121 ± 40 spots). We identified 51 proteins affected by eosinophilia: 19 related to signaling, 8 involved in regulation of metabolism, 4 related to apoptosis, and 3 involved in inflammation. The other identified proteins were associated with transcription, RNA processing, translation, the cytoskeleton, and unknown functions. Among the identified proteins, we observed prominent increases in the expressions of cyclinA2, voltage‐dependent anion channel protein 2, and 38 kDa FK506 binding protein 8 in eosinophils from AD patients in comparison to healthy donors. PMF and immunoblotting of a single spot that was expressed in eosinophils from healthy individuals but not in AD patients identified the protein as phosphorylated growth receptor binding 7 (Grb7) adaptor protein. Increased phosphorylation of Grb7 and its upstream signaling protein, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), was detected in low viability eosinophils such as those from healthy donors or in cultured eosinophils (AML14.3D10 cells) treated with dexamethasone. These results suggest that phosphorylation of Grb7 and the expressions of cyclinA2, voltage‐dependent anion channel protein 2, and 38 kDa FK506 binding protein 8 may be related with the anti‐apoptosis mechanism of eosinophilia.
Fast Frequency Response From Offshore Multiterminal VSC–HVDC Schemes

This paper analyzes the frequency support characteristics of multiterminal voltage source converter HVdc (VSC–HVdc) (MTDC) schemes using the energy transferred from wind turbine rotating mass and other ac systems. An alternative coordinated control (ACC) scheme that gives priority to a frequency versus active power droop fitted to onshore VSCs is proposed to: transfer wind turbine recovery power to undisturbed ac grids, and allow correct control operation of MTDC systems during multiple power imbalances on different ac grids. The fast frequency response capability of MTDC systems equipped with the proposed ACC scheme is compared against a coordinated control scheme, which uses a frequency versus dc voltage droop. The frequency control schemes are demonstrated on an experimental test rig, which represents a three-terminal HVdc system. Also, the MTDC frequency support capability when wind farms do not provide extra power is tested using a four-terminal HVdc system.
Methamphetamine decreases calcium‐calmodulin dependent protein kinase II activity in discrete rat brain regions

A Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent signaling cascade has been implicated in the regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission after chronic administration of amphetamine and methamphetamine (METH). We found a decrease in Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaM‐kinase II) activity in five regions of the rat brain (parietal cortex; frontal cortex; hippocampus; striatum; and nucleus accumbens) after a single injection of METH. Pretreatment with the selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 prevented the acute METH‐induced decrease in CaM‐kinase II activity in the parietal cortex, striatum, nucleus accumbens, and substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA). Pretreatment with the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonist MK‐801 significantly restored the acute METH‐induced decrease in CaM‐kinase II activity in the parietal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and SN/VTA. Striatal CaM‐kinase II activity was still significantly lower than that of the chronic saline‐treated controls after a 1‐week, but not a 4‐week, abstinence from chronic administration of METH. A METH challenge after a 4‐week abstinence period induced a more pronounced decrease in CaM‐kinase II activity in rats chronically injected with METH than in rats chronically injected with saline. Western blot analysis revealed that the amount of CaM‐kinase II protein was not altered after a single METH injection or after chronic METH injections, compared with saline‐treated controls. However, amounts of phosphorylated (Thr286) CaM‐kinase II in the parietal cortex, striatum and SN/VTA were significantly decreased at 3 h after an acute METH injection compared with saline‐treated controls. These results suggest that dephosphorylation of CaM‐kinase II may contribute to the decreased enzyme activities induced by acute METH administration, and that chronic treatment with METH leads to an enhanced capacity of METH to decrease CaM‐kinase II activity after an extended withdrawal period. Synapse 36:155–166, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alternate and incidental diagnoses on noncontrast-enhanced spiral computed tomography for acute flank pain.

INTRODUCTION Our aim was to determine the incidence and spectrum of significant alternate or incidental diagnoses established or suggested on spiral computed tomography (CT) in a large series of patients with suspected renal colic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Records of all patients that had undergone spiral CT (5-mm to 7-mm slice thickness) for acute flank pain during a 5-year period were reviewed. The radiological diagnoses of urinary calculi and obstruction as well as clinical entities not suspected otherwise were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 4000 CTs had been performed in the evaluation of acute flank pain. Urinary calculi had been identified in 3120 patients (78.0%). There were 398 patients (9.9%) who had an alternate cause of flank pain or an incidentally detected condition on CT. Of these patients, 102 (25.6%) had more than one additional finding. A total of 153 clinical conditions had been identified mimicking flank pain secondary to calculus and obstruction. In 47 patients (1.2%), incidental solid masses had been detected. CONCLUSION Spiral CT is a valuable technique in the evaluation of acute flank pain with uncertain clinical diagnosis. A wide spectrum of alternate and additional diagnoses including abdominal solid organ tumors and other significant abdominal conditions such as pancreatitis can be established or suggested on spiral CT performed for suspected acute urinary colic.
Study of a Uniplanar Monopole Antenna for Passive Chipless UWB-RFID Localization System

The principle of a passive chipless ultrawideband-enabled radio-frequency identification (UWB-RFID) and localization system is firstly introduced. A uniplanar monopole antenna with a size of only 23 × 23 × 0.508 mm is then designed. Six passive chipless tags based on the antenna structure are subsequently developed for the system application. The backscattering characteristics of the tags are theoretically and experimentally studied in both the frequency and time domain. Following that, a simple receiver structure is proposed to simultaneously identify these tags and find their ranges. Results show that the proposed tags are excellent candidates for passive chipless UWB-RFID localization system applications.
Effect of dietary carbohydrates on bacterial cholyltaurine hydrolase in poultry intestinal homogenates

The bile salt hydrolase activity in intestinal homogenates reflects composite activities of the gastrointestinal microbial consortia. We have proposed that specific transformations of conjugated bile acids by the intestinal microflora result in the production of metabolites which depress the growth of poultry. The influence of dietary carbohydrates on the physical and kinetic properties of cholyltaurine hydrolase activity, one such bile acid-transforming enzyme in gastrointestinal homogenates of young chickens, was characterized by using a sensitive radiochemical assay. Cholyltaurine hydrolase activity in crude extracts of ileal homogenates was increased twofold by 0.25% Triton X-100 and a freeze-thaw cycle. The pH optimum for cholyltaurine hydrolase from ileal homogenates was very broad and reflected the pH range of poultry intestinal contents (i.e., 5.8 to 6.4). The carbohydrate component of the diet did not affect the apparent temperature optimum (41 degrees C) or stability profile, nor did it affect the apparent Km for taurocholic acid hydrolysis (approximately 0.43 mM). The enzymes in intestinal homogenates were active on all taurine-conjugated bile acids tested. The carbohydrate component of the diet did, however, affect the specific activity of cholyltaurine hydrolase in ileal homogenates from chickens. The levels of cholyltaurine hydrolase activity (rye greater than sucrose greater than corn) in homogenates from birds fed the different diets were directly related to the amount of growth depression (rye greater than sucrose greater than corn) associated with feeding these dietary carbohydrates. These data suggest that intestinal levels of cholyltaurine hydrolase are correlated with the amount of carbohydrate-induced growth depression in poultry.