Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parallel Algorithms for Small Subgraph Counting

Subgraph counting is a fundamental problem in analyzing massive graphs, often studied in the context of social and complex networks. There is a rich literature on designing efficient, accurate, and scalable algorithms for this problem. In this work, we tackle this challenge and design several new algorithms for subgraph counting in the Massively Parallel Computation (MPC) model: Given a graph $G$ over $n$ vertices, $m$ edges and $T$ triangles, our first main result is an algorithm that, with high probability, outputs a $(1+\varepsilon)$-approximation to $T$, with optimal round and space complexity provided any $S \geq \max{(\sqrt m, n^2/m)}$ space per machine, assuming $T=\Omega(\sqrt{m/n})$. Our second main result is an $\tilde{O}_{\delta}(\log \log n)$-rounds algorithm for exactly counting the number of triangles, parametrized by the arboricity $\alpha$ of the input graph. The space per machine is $O(n^{\delta})$ for any constant $\delta$, and the total space is $O(m\alpha)$, which matches the time complexity of (combinatorial) triangle counting in the sequential model. We also prove that this result can be extended to exactly counting $k$-cliques for any constant $k$, with the same round complexity and total space $O(m\alpha^{k-2})$. Alternatively, allowing $O(\alpha^2)$ space per machine, the total space requirement reduces to $O(n\alpha^2)$. Finally, we prove that a recent result of Bera, Pashanasangi and Seshadhri (ITCS 2020) for exactly counting all subgraphs of size at most $5$, can be implemented in the MPC model in $\tilde{O}_{\delta}(\sqrt{\log n})$ rounds, $O(n^{\delta})$ space per machine and $O(m\alpha^3)$ total space. Therefore, this result also exhibits the phenomenon that a time bound in the sequential model translates to a space bound in the MPC model.
Gradient-Adjusted Neuron Activation Profiles for Comprehensive Introspection of Convolutional Speech Recognition Models

Deep Learning based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models are very successful, but hard to interpret. To gain better understanding of how Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) accomplish their tasks, introspection methods have been proposed. Adapting such techniques from computer vision to speech recognition is not straight-forward, because speech data is more complex and less interpretable than image data. In this work, we introduce Gradient-adjusted Neuron Activation Profiles (GradNAPs) as means to interpret features and representations in Deep Neural Networks. GradNAPs are characteristic responses of ANNs to particular groups of inputs, which incorporate the relevance of neurons for prediction. We show how to utilize GradNAPs to gain insight about how data is processed in ANNs. This includes different ways of visualizing features and clustering of GradNAPs to compare embeddings of different groups of inputs in any layer of a given network. We demonstrate our proposed techniques using a fully-convolutional ASR model.
Neural Architecture Search For Fault Diagnosis

Data-driven methods have made great progress in fault diagnosis, especially deep learning method. Deep learning is suitable for processing big data, and has a strong feature extraction ability to realize end-to-end fault diagnosis systems. However, designing neural network architecture requires rich professional knowledge and debugging experience, and a lot of experiments are needed to screen models and hyperparameters, increasing the difficulty of developing deep learning models. Frortunately, neural architecture search (NAS) is developing rapidly, and is becoming one of the next directions for deep learning. In this paper, we proposed a NAS method for fault diagnosis using reinforcement learning. A recurrent neural network is used as an agent to generate network architecture. The accuracy of the generated network on the validation dataset is fed back to the agent as a reward, and the parameters of the agent are updated through the strategy gradient algorithm. We use PHM 2009 Data Challenge gearbox dataset to prove the effectiveness of proposed method, and obtain state-of-the-art results compared with other artificial designed network structures. To author's best knowledge, it's the first time that NAS has been applied in fault diagnosis.
The Microsoft Toolkit of Multi-Task Deep Neural Networks for Natural Language Understanding

We present MT-DNN, an open-source natural language understanding (NLU) toolkit that makes it easy for researchers and developers to train customized deep learning models. Built upon PyTorch and Transformers, MT-DNN is designed to facilitate rapid customization for a broad spectrum of NLU tasks, using a variety of objectives (classification, regression, structured prediction) and text encoders (e.g., RNNs, BERT, RoBERTa, UniLM). A unique feature of MT-DNN is its built-in support for robust and transferable learning using the adversarial multi-task learning paradigm. To enable efficient production deployment, MT-DNN supports multi-task knowledge distillation, which can substantially compress a deep neural model without significant performance drop. We demonstrate the effectiveness of MT-DNN on a wide range of NLU applications across general and biomedical domains. The software and pre-trained models will be publicly available at https://github.com/namisan/mt-dnn.
A relative-error inertial-relaxed inexact projective splitting algorithm

For solving structured monotone inclusion problems involving the sum of finitely many maximal monotone operators, we propose and study a relative-error inertial-relaxed inexact projective splitting algorithm. The proposed algorithm benefits from a combination of inertial and relaxation effects, which are both controlled by parameters within a certain range. We propose sufficient conditions on these parameters and study the interplay between them in order to guarantee weak convergence of sequences generated by our algorithm. Additionally, the proposed algorithm also benefits from inexact subproblem solution within a relative-error criterion. Simple numerical experiments on LASSO problems indicate some improvement when compared with previous (noninertial and exact) versions of projective splitting.
The impact of government subsidies on the olive and vineyard sectors of Albanian agriculture

This study analyses the impact of government subsidy schemes on farm production capacity, technical effi ciency and use of idle production factors (land and labour) in the olive and vineyard sectors of Albanian agriculture. The paper uses a quasiexperimental design by applying a propensity score matching method based on a structured survey conducted in 2013. The results show that the government subsidy scheme had a net positive impact on areas planted with olives and grapevines, and on part-time on-farm employment. On the other hand, no signifi cant net impact was observed regarding farm size and crop yields. This is the fi rst time that such an in-depth impact assessment of government subsidies in the agriculture sector has been carried out in Albania, thus the results will be useful both for scientists and policy makers in agriculture and rural development.
Sanctuary in a residential treatment center: creating a therapeutic community of hope countering violence

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present insights into how and why the Sanctuary and SELF models are effective in decreasing trauma symptoms with a population of court-committed male adolescents in a residential treatment program. The Sanctuary model is a trauma-focussed, trauma-sensitive, organizational change model, and treatment protocol approach to working with clients who have experienced trauma, loss, and toxic stress to the degree that they interfere with social and personal functioning. The SELF model within Sanctuary is a treatment protocol that is an acronym for the organizing categories of safety, emotion management, loss, and the future. In essence, Sanctuary’s purpose is to create therapeutic community. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative research methods of observation of groups and meetings, content analysis of existing quantitative data and agency documents, focus groups with staff and residents, and individual interviews with staff were utilized. Findings – Data show that t.
Measuring Bureaucratic Representation and Integration

The concept of representative bureaucracy has now occupied an important place in the literature of public administration and political science for some three decades. It has been used as an explanatory tool in discussions concerning political and economic development and the historical and/or contemporary development of national civil services, including those of the United States (Van Riper, 1958), Great Britain (Kingsley, 1944), India (Subramaniam, 1967), the U.S.S.R. (Fainsod, 1963), and ancient China (Menzel, 1963). The concept has also occupied an important place in studies concerning civil rights and equal employment opportunity (Krislov, 1967). Moreover, in recent years the creation of a "representative bureaucracy" has become a major objective of federal personnel policy (Rosenbloom, 1970; 1973). Despite its widespread useor perhaps because of it-however, the concept of representative bureaucracy is unclear at several points. The purpose of this article is to overcome some of this ambiguity by suggesting a new way of measuring integration (in the sense of socially, ethnically, and/or racially mixed) in bureaucracies and other forms of organizations. This measure complements existing techniques used to assess bureaucratic representativeness and makes it possible to deal with facets of the concept that previously defied empirical research. Foremost among the limitations found in the use of the concept of representative bureaucracy has been a tendency to fail to specify the exact sense in which the term "representation" is being used. Indeed, it was not until Mosher (1968) addressed the concept that a clear distinction between passive (variously called sociological or reflective) representation and active representation w s introduced. The former, ". concerns the source of origin of individuals and the degree to which, collectively, they mirror the total society," whereas the latter refers to the situation in which ". an individual (or administrator) is expected to press for the interests and desires of those whom he is presumed to represent, whether they be the whole people or some segment of the people" (pp. 11-13). Most earlier discussions of representative bureaucracy not only had the defect of failing to make clear the sense in which bureaucracies were or were not representative, but also tended to assume that passive representation almost automatically and inevitably begets active representation. Such an assumption, however, as Mosher (1968) has pointed out, would seem to be highly unrealistic in the absence of empirical investigation. The link between passive and active representation, and a better understanding of what the latter entails, are, of course, crucial to expanding the utility of the concept of representative bureaucracy. Developing more sophisticated approaches concerning the more limited aspect of passive representation would nevertheless be useful at this
Delivering High-Quality Cancer Care: Charting a New Course for a System in Crisis

In the United States, approximately 14 million people have had cancer and more than 1.6 million new cases are diagnosed each year. However, more than a decade after the Institute of Medicine (IOM) first studied the quality of cancer care, the barriers to achieving excellent care for all cancer patients remain daunting. Therefore, in 2012, the IOM convened a committee of experts to examine the quality of cancer care in the United States and formulate recommendations for improvement. Delivering High-Quality Cancer Care: Charting a New Course for a System in Crisis presents the committee’s findings and recommendations.
Mortality of radiologists and pathologists in the Radiation Registry of Physicians.

The overall and cause-specific mortality experience of male radiologists and a comparable group of medical specialists, pathologists, who were included in the Radiation Registry of Physicians, is presented. The study population consists of an early-entry cohort of physicians who were members of either the American College of Radiology or the College of American Pathologists as of Jan. 1, 1962, and a late-entry cohort of similar members who joined these societies between January 1962, and June 1972. The purpose of the study was to determine if occupational exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation resulted in excess mortality from all causes and specific causes, or decreased survival patterns for radiologists compared with pathologists over the 16-year period, 1962 to 1977. The data revealed that radiologists and pathologists were comparable regarding overall mortality experience for all entrants, the early-entry cohort, and the late-entry cohort. Further analyses revealed a gradient in mortality between the two specialties, with the largest differences in the earliest birth subcohorts for all three groups, and a significant excess in mortality among radiologists in those subcohorts of the late-entry cohort born before 1920. Such a gradient may indicate an exposure effect associated with time of first exposure or duration of exposure, but not associated with time of entry into a professional society. Nevertheless, overall age-specific and age-adjusted mortality rates among radiologists and pathologists were lower in the late-entry cohort compared with the early-entry cohort, thus indicating some effect of time of entry within each specialty. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Does it take a village to raise a child?: The buffering effect of relationships with relatives for parental life satisfaction

Background: Strong relationships with relatives may alleviate the consequences of stressful experiences, but the evidence documenting such ‘buffering effect’ during parenthood is scarce. Objective: This paper investigated the buffering effect of relationships with relatives during parenthood in Switzerland. We tested whether relationships with relatives (network size, frequency of contact, and availability of practical and emotional support) were activated in response to parenthood, and if people who had stronger relationships with their relatives experienced more positive trajectories of life satisfaction during parenthood. Methods: We used Swiss Household Panel data for the years 2000–2011, and fixed effect regression models. Results: The birth of a first child was associated with an increase in mothers’ contact with nonresident relatives. Moreover, parents with at least two children who had better access to support from relatives experienced more increase and less decline in life satisfaction during parenthood than parents who had less access to relatives’ support. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the support of relatives is a resource for parents having two or more children and that it improves the experience of parenthood even in a relatively wealthy society. Contribution: This is the first paper which demonstrates that relationships with relatives are a source of heterogeneity of the effect of parenthood on life satisfaction. Moreover, it shows that weak relationships with relatives may lower life satisfaction of parents and limit fertility, especially at higher parities.
Building Capacity of the Public Health Education Workforce Through Partnerships: The Global Health Disparities CD-ROM Project

The Global Health Disparities CD-ROM Project reaffirmed the value of professional associations partnering with academic institutions to build capacity of the USA public health education workforce to meet the challenges of primary prevention services. The Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) partnered with the California State University, Chico to produce a CD-ROM that would advocate for global populations that are affected by health disparities while providing primary resources for public health educators to use in programming and professional development. The CD-ROM development process is discussed.
Plasma levels of vitamins A and E and the risk of acute myocardial infarct

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The incidence of myocardial infarction in Spain is low in spite of the high prevalence of smoking and hypertension. Natural antioxidants as vitamin E from a diet rich in fruit, oils and vegetables may protect against the development of this disease. In this study we have examine plasma levels of vitamin A and E as risk factors in the development of myocardial infarction. STUDY DESIGN: 62 cases were selected among patients 30-70 years old admitted to the hospital with a first episode of myocardial infarction, or diagnosed by arteriography of coronary heart disease. 62 controls were selected among patients with minor surgical conditions, and free of coronary heart disease according to the Rose questionnaire and ECG. LABORATORY ANALYSIS: Plasma samples for vitamin assays were taken in the first 24 hours after admission (62 cases) Plasma was separated by centrifugation and stored at -80 degrees C until plasma vitamins were determined by HPLC. RESULTS: Lipid adjusted blood levels of vitamin E were lower in cases, mean: 1092.0 +/- standard deviation 165.8 micrograms/dl (mean +/- SD) than in controls (1220.1 +/- 274.8 micrograms/dl p = 0.002). The multivariate adjusted odds ratio between extreme quintiles of blood vitamin E were 0.06 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.01-0.5; p for trend 0.0027. Adjusted blood levels of vitamins A were also lower in cases 44.0 +/- 15.1 micrograms/dl than in controls: (57.5 +/- 15.2 micrograms/dl; p < 0.001). Adjusted odds ratio between extreme quintiles of blood vitamin A adjusted for confounding factors were 0.06 (95% CI: 0.01-0.36; p for trend < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between acute of myocardial infarction and reduce blood levels of vitamin A and E, that is not explained by the decrement in blood lipids levels. Therefore low blood levels of fat soluble vitamins may be a risk factor for the development of this disease.
Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in solid neoplasms of pancreas

Objective To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in solid neoplasmas of pancreas.Methods Performance of 41 pancreatic neoplasms were compared on contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS),including 26 ductal adenocarcinomas,1 lymphoma,1 aggressive fibromatosis,3 solid-pseudopapillary tumor(SPT),8 neuroendocrine tumors and 2 autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP). Changes of contrast-enhanced ultrasoud intensity were compared with pancreas parenchyma between different pathological types of pancreas.Results Enhanced pattern had statistical significant difference in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas comparing with borderline tumor and AIP of pancreas.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 92.3%,80.0%,87.8%,88.9%,85.7%,if the enhanced patterns of iso-enhanced to hypo-enhanced or persistent hypo-enhanced compared with pancreas were regarded as evidence for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Conclusion It has important value for difference dignosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with contrastenhanced ultrasound.
Consistent consequences formalized

Model checking is the problem of determining if a system, represented by a model, satisfies a certain property. Parameterised Boolean equation systems, or PBES for short can (among others) be used to encode model checking problems. From the solution of a PBES the solution of the encoded model checking problem can be obtained. The solution of a PBES is an assignement of Boolean values to its variables. It is undecidable whether a variable has a specific value in the solution of a PBES. Therefore, syntactic transformation and abstraction techniques are often used to simplify PBES. Proving the soundness of such techniques is a laborious and difficult process. The notion of consistent consequence has been defined to simplify such soundness proofs. Consistent consequence relations relate the solution of a variable from one PBES, to the solution of a variable from another PBES. Showing that variables are related via a consistent consequence relation is difficult. This is because consistent consequence is a complicated notion based on semantics. To gain greater insight in the notion of consistent consequence, a proof system has been defined to derive a consistent consequence between variables. There was a small error in this proof system. In this master thesis, we have fixed this error, and formalized the theory in the proof assistant Coq to increase the confidence in the results. In this report we present the new proof system and the theory which has been formalized in Coq.
Targeting therapy of pigment epithelium derived factor mediated by ultrasound activated immunoliposome for choroidal neovascularization

Background Research demonstrated that pigment epithelium derived factor(PEDF) is critical in the inhibition of the treatment of neovascularization.It can selectively destruct the endothelial cells of new blood vessel but without impact to normal vessel.However,the route of administration of PEDF is a key issue in the clinical application of PEDF for treatment of choriodal neovascularization(CNV). Objective This study was to evaluate the targeting therapy of PEDF mediated by ultrasound activated immunoliposome for CNV.Methods Immunoliposome conjugate was made by conjugating nanoparticle to the poly(ethylene glycol) followed by linkage to the peptide ATWLPPR known to bind the receptor-2 for vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGFR-2),which is selectively expressed on retinal and choroidal neovascularization.PEDF was reversely loaded into immunoliposomes.Experimental CNV was induced by laser photocoagulation in the right eyes of 48 healthy male Brown Norway rats.PEDF,liposome encapsulating PEDF or immunoliposome encapsulating PEDF was administered via tail vein with ophthalmic ultrasound exposure on days 7.Three normal male Brown Norway rats were as normal control group.On the 14th day after photocoagulation,the rats were sacrificed and the eyes were enucleated and processed for snap-frozen examination.The area of CNV by high molecular weight FITC-dextran for high resolution angiography in choroid-sclera was analyzed by flat mounts.This experiment followed the Standard of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.Results The immunoliposomes could bind CNV peculiarly,and FITC-PEDF immunoliposome nanoparticles on CNV showed the green fluorescence,and no any fluorescence was seen in normal choroidal vessels.The CNV area was significantly decreased in PEDF intravitreal injection group,PEDF intravitreal injection group,liposome PEDF+ultrasound group and immunoliposome PEDF+ ultrasound group in comparison with control group(P0.05). Immunoliposome encapsulating PEDF+ultrasound group played the strongest action.And that of immunoliposome PEDF+ultrasound group was considerably declined in comparison with PEDF intravitreal injection group(P0.05). Conclusion The PEDF immnuoliposome could bind to CNV cells specially and effectively in vivo.Ultrasound could enhant the inhibitory effect of PEDF immnuoliposome on CNV.This method possibly represents a new treatment paradigm for patients with ocular neovascularization.
Computerized Decision Support Systems for Mechanical Ventilation in Children

Abstract Mechanical ventilation is an effective treatment in the ICU but can have significant adverse effects. Approaches from adult research have been adopted in pediatric critical care despite known differences in respiratory physiology and ICU processes. There continues to be considerable variation in how ventilators are managed. Computerized decision support systems implement explicit protocols, and are designed to make mechanical ventilation management safer, more consistent, and more lung protective. Variable results and low or unknown compliance with protocols and CDSS tools have been reported. To date, there has been limited research regarding CDSS for mechanical ventilation in children.