Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A computational analysis of the aerodynamic and aeromechanical behavior of the purdue multistage compressor

Monk, David James Winchester, M.S.M.E. , Purdue University, December 2014. A Computational Analysis of the Aerodynamic and Aeromechanical Behavior of the Purdue Multistage Compressor. Major Professor: Nicole L. Key, School of Mechanical Engineering Compressor design programs are becoming more reliant on computational tools to predict and optimize aerodynamic and aeromechanical behavior within a compressor. Recent trends in compressor development continue to push for more efficient, lighter weight, and higher performance machines. To meet these demands, designers must better understand the complex nature of the inherently unsteady flow physics inside of a compressor. As physical testing can be costly and time prohibitive, CFD and other computational tools have become the workhorse during design programs. The objectives of this research were to investigate the aerodynamic and aeromechanical behavior of the Purdue multistage compressor, as well as analyze novel concepts for reducing rotor resonant responses in compressors. Advanced computational tools were utilized to allow an in-depth analysis of the flow physics and structural characteristics of the Purdue compressor, and complement to existing experimental datasets. To analyze the aerodynamic behavior of the compressor a Rolls-Royce CFD code, developed specifically for multistage turbomachinery flows, was utilized. Steady-state computations were performed using the RANS solver on a single-passage mesh. Facility specific boundary conditions were applied to the model, increasing the model fidelity and overall accuracy of the predictions. Detailed investigations into the overall compressor performance, stage performance, and individual blade row performance were completed. Additionally,
Improving the Magnitude Responses of Digital Filters for Loudspeaker Equalization

Digital filters used in the equalization of loudspeakers try in some applications to achieve a digital approximation of analog filters. The bilinear z transform (BZT) and the matched pole― zero transform (MPZT or MZT) are often used with less than satisfactory results. Recently a new MZT transform, called MZTi, was introduced, which yields filters with magnitude and phase responses that match their analog target filters better. A novel s-to-z transform that yields often closer approximations to the analog target filters than the MTZi method is described.
Comparative investigations on cutting of various plant materials in the cutter with flywheel chopping unit

Comparative investigations on cutting of various plant materials in the cutter with flywheel chopping unit. Investigations were carried out on cutting of green forage harvested from the swath in the shooting and coming-into-ear phases, straw and standing maize with the use of forage harvester with flywheel chopping unit. It was found that a real chaff length and the coefficient of its unevenness depend on the species and condition of the plant being harvested. During harvesting of succulent plants and application of 10 knives (lt = 8.8 mm) one can obtain at least 80% of chaff within the class of length 0 – 30 mm.
Muscle activity in bilateral and unilateralbody weight squat : An electromyographic study

Hegnelius, M. - Background. It would be beneficial to the society to bring more awareness about the health benefits that comes with physical activity. Resistance training is a form of physical activity that has positive health benefits for athletes as well as for the average person. Squat is a resistance training exercise that can be performed on one (unilateral) or two (bilateral) legs. Both bilateral and unilateral squat are exercises that are similar to a wide range of different athletic as well as everyday movements. Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is a difference in muscle activity, with electromyography (EMG), in gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, rectus femoris and biceps femoris between bilateral and unilateral body weight squat. Method. Fifteen healthy students (8 women and 7 men) volunteered to participate in the study. EMG signals were collected using surface electrodes with a collection frequency of 1000Hz. EMG data was processed through average root mean square. The values were normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and expressed as percent (% MVIC). Result. The result of the present study showed that there was statistically significantly higher muscle activity in unilateral compared to the bilateral body weight squat in gluteus medius and rectus femoris (p<0.05), together with a trend for higher muscle activity in unilateral body weight squat in gluteus maximus and biceps femoris (p=0.07). The present study also showed that the highest muscle activity during a bilateral squat was found in rectus femoris which had significantly higher muscle activation compared to the other three muscles. Furthermore, for the unilateral squat, rectus femoris and gluteus medius had the highest muscle activity and had significantly higher muscle activity compared to gluteus maximus and biceps femoris. Conclusion. Practical implications from this study was that more muscle activity was required when performing unilateral body weight squat although the bilateral body weight squat is a more stable exercise. Further practical implication is that gluteus medius works significantly higher in unilateral compared to bilateral body weight squat which strengthen GM and by this develops a more stable lower body.
Electrokinetic trapping of biomolecules : novel nanofluidic devices for proteomic applications

Sample preparation has long been the most important and costly process in bioanalyses. Conventional identification methods involve multiple purification steps combined with mass spectrometry or immunosensing. While well-developed and widely utilized, these methods require extensive human labor and exhibit limited resolving power for low abundance analytes. Due to the shear complexity and abundance variation of biosamples, rapid and ultra-sensitive diagnostic measurements of disease markers are still out of reach. To address this issue, we developed a novel nanofluidic concentrator, utilizing the unique concentration polarization effect of sub 50 nm nanofluidic filters. With the distinct ionic and molecular interaction at the nanoscale, nanofluidic systems can potentially outperform current sample preparation and molecular detection techniques. Aiming to investigate and expand the applications of these techniques, this thesis work involves the design and development of a highly efficient nanofluidic preconcentrator, which can achieve a million fold detectability enhancements without complex buffer arrangements. This thesis also includes an integrated preconcentrationimmunosensing device. By manipulating analyte concentrations, this integrated device not only increases the detection sensitivity, but also expands the dynamic range of given antibody-antigen couples. In addition, we also investigated the ion transfer at the micro/nano-fluidic interface. Depending on the strength of the applied electric field across the nanochannel array, various phenomena such as concentration polarization, charge depletion, and nonlinear electrokinetic flows in the adjacent microfluidic channel can be
Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Three-Axis Vibration Sensor

This paper proposed a fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based three-axis vibration sensor by using only five sensing elements. A composite structure of the cross-beam-type elastomer with multiplexed FBGs has been designed for three-axis vibration sensing. Because of the mechanical decoupling function of the structure and the reasonable arrangement of FBG sensing elements, the designed sensor possesses great advantages of low cross coupling and self temperature compensation capability. Theoretical model of the composite structure has been established, strain distribution and dynamic characteristics of the composite structure have been studied by the finite element analysis method. Amplitude-frequency test result shows that resonant frequencies of the sensor in X, Y, and Z directions were 980Hz, 960Hz, and 640Hz, respectively. Vibration sensitivities in X, Y, and Z directions were 9.7pm/g, 10.13pm/g, and 7.45pm/g, respectively. Vibration calibration test have validated that the designed sensor possess the capability to measure three-axis vibration.
THE INNOVATIVE FINANCIAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT WITH ITS FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE

Creating new financial product and its development phases contain on the problematic but a witty process. This research article's Objective is to check out the development of novel product and also checking its impacts on the organization's performance. It has a budding pouring element on the performance of any organization, when it developed. Methodology: Primary and secondary both data, along with t-test applied in this research article. Sample: 250 regular clients of the commercial banks. Research journals, bank's prospects reports were very helping as secondary data in this regard. Partial least squares (PLS) also applied for hypothesis testimonial. Values of the Cronbach's coefficient alpha more than 0.70. New innovation product development, Relational Performance, Customer's Satisfaction uses as (DV) collectively, and 1-firm image, on second brand strength, on third market sensing capability, on fourth product innovativeness, on fifth new product quality used as (IVs). Results: shows that with the development of 'new innovative products' firm also accelerates its business volume. Firms get the new clients and improve existing relationship. Brand of firm got the new identity and even reach to unknown persons. Market share level upsurge. Innovativeness of product creates flourishing image and market share. Findings: of this research article was the multiple four factors: Brand strength, new product quality firm image, Product innovativeness. In findings 'r' (correlation) and 'r 2 ' (regression) shows the strong and positive relationship flanked-by DVs and IVs. There were some restrictions in this research article that will be resolved voguish the impending research & exploration direction.
Span load distribution for tapered wings with partial-span flaps

Tables are given for determining the load distribution of tapered wings with partial-span flaps placed either at the center or at the wing tips. Seventy-two wing-flap combinations, including two aspect ratios, four taper ratios, and nine flap lengths, are included. The distributions for the flapped wing are divided into two parts, one a zero lift distribution due primarily to the flaps and the other an additional lift distribution due to an angle of attack of the wing as a whole. Comparison between theoretical and experimental results for wings indicate that the theory may be used to predict the load distribution with sufficient accuracy for structural purposes.
High-Power DC-DC Converter Technologies for Smart Grid and Traction Applications

Electric transformers, either utilized in electric power systems or within a power electronics-based converter, are fundamental components of modern highly-efficient energy supply chains, as they provide the voltage adaptation between networks with different voltage levels. In traction applications for example, the power for the drive system is provided through a single-phase Medium Voltage (MV) catenary line, whereas the traction machine is fed by a Low Voltage (LV) three-phase inverter. It is therefore necessary to step this MV down to the required LV level through a Low Frequency (LF) transformer which needs to be carried by the driving locomotive. Since the performance of these traction solutions is tightly linked to the weight of the energy supply system, which is to a large extent determined by the step-down and isolation transformer, lower weight energy supply concepts for modern traction solutions are highly desirable and cannot be fulfilled by classical concepts. In electric power systems, transformers also perform the fundamental task of adapting the voltage between the generation, transmission and distribution levels. In modern electric power systems, high flexibility in power delivery is becoming mandatory, as new types of sources, e.g. renewable energy generators, and dynamic loads are integrated into the power grid. Given the dynamic behavior of these sources/loads, a smart energy routing concept, i.e. a Smart Grid, which ensures a stable and reliable operation of the network is required. This task of fast and active response to variations in the grid conditions cannot be met by standard LF transformers, as they are intrinsically passive components. These limiting factors for future traction solutions and Smart Grid implementation can be overcome by integrating more controllable components within these supply chains. In the case of traction applications, this would mean the integration of the isolation stage within the converter system in order to enable the operation of this component at higher frequencies, and therefore a reduction in its weight. Considering Smart Grids energy routing solutions, the main requirement is the flexibility in power delivery, which results in the partial or total processing
SAT-Attack Resistant Hardware Obfuscation using Camouflaged Two-Dimensional Heterostructure Devices

Reverse engineering (RE) is one of the major security threats to the semiconductor industry due to the involvement of untrustworthy parties in an increasingly globalized chip manufacturing supply chain [1-5]. RE efforts have already been successful in extracting device level functionalities from an integrated circuit (IC) with very limited resources [6]. Camouflaging is an obfuscation method that can thwart such RE [7-9]. Existing work on IC camouflaging primarily uses fabrication techniques such as doping and dummy contacts to hide the circuit structure or build cells that look alike but have different functionalities. While promising these Si complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based obfuscation techniques adds significant area overhead and are successfully decamouflaged by the Satisfiability solver (SAT)-based reverse engineering techniques [9-13]. Emerging solutions, such as polymorphic gates based on giant spin Hall effect (GSHE) are promising but adds delay overhead in hybrid CMOS-GSHE designs restricting the camouflaging to a maximum of 15% of all the gates in the circuit. Here, we harness the unique properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) including MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WS2, and WSe2 and their optically transparent transition metal oxides (TMOs) to demonstrate novel area efficient camouflaging solutions that are resilient to SAT-attack and automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) attacks. We show that resistors with resistance values differing by 8 orders of magnitude, diodes with variable turn-on voltages and reverse saturation currents, and field effect transistors (FETs) with adjustable conduction type, threshold voltages and switching characteristics can be optically camouflaged to look exactly similar by engineering TMO/TMD heterostructures allowing hardware obfuscation of both digital and analog circuits. Since this 2D heterostructure devices family is intrinsically camouflaged, NAND/NOR/AND/OR gates in the circuit can be obfuscated with significantly less area overhead allowing 100% logic obfuscation compared to only 5% for CMOS-based camouflaging. Finally, we demonstrate that the largest benchmarking circuit from ISCAS’85, comprised of more than 4000 logic gates when obfuscated with the CMOS-based technique are successfully decamouflaged by SAT-attack in less than 40 minutes; whereas, it renders to be invulnerable even in more than 10 hours, when camouflaged with 2D heterostructure devices thereby corroborating our hypothesis of high resilience against RE. Our approach of connecting unique material properties to innovative devices to secure circuits can be considered as one of its kind demonstrations, highlighting the benefits of cross-layer optimization.
Effects Of 1/F Baseband Noise And Its Suppression Using Kalman Filter In OFDM System

The additive 1/f noise is a system noise generated due to miniaturization of hardware and affects the lower frequencies. Though 1/f noise does not show much effect in wide band channels because of its nature in case of lower frequencies.1/f noise becomes prominent in OFDM communication systems where narrow band channels are used. In this paper, we study the effects of 1/f noise on the OFDM systems and implement the algorithms for estimation and suppression of the noise using Kalman filter. Suppression of the noise is achieved by subtracting the estimated noise from the received noise.
Seven-month wintertime supplementation of 1200 IU vitamin D has no effect on hand grip strength in young, physically active males: A randomized, controlled study

ABSTRACT Background There has been a growing interest in the role of vitamin D for the well-being and physical performance of humans under heavy training such as conscripts in military service; however, there is a lack of long-term supplementation studies performed on members of this type of young, physically active, male population. The hypothesis of the study was that vitamin D supplementation during wintertime will decrease the prevalence of critically low vitamin D blood serum levels and increase hand grip strength during the winter season among young male conscripts. Study Design Longitudinal, triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Methods Fifty-three male conscripts from the Estonian Army were randomized into two groups: 27 to an intervention group and 26 to a placebo group. The groups were comparable in terms of their demographics. The intervention group received 1200 IU (30 µg) capsules of vitamin D3, and the control group received placebo oil capsules once per day. The length of the follow-up was 7 months, from October 2016 until April 2017. Blood serum vitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium (Ca), ionized calcium (Ca-i), testosterone and cortisol values, and hand grip strength were measured four times during the study period. Results The mean 25(OH)D level decreased significantly in the control group to a critically low level during the study, with the lowest mean value of 22 nmol/l found in March 2017. At that time point, 65% in the control group vs 15% in the intervention group had 25(OH)D values of less than 25 nmol/l (p < 0.001). In the intervention group, the levels of 25(OH)D did not change significantly during the study period. All other blood tests revealed no significant differences at any time point. The corresponding result was found for hand grip strength at all time points. Conclusion Long-term vitamin D supplementation during wintertime results in fewer conscripts in the Estonian Army with critically low serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels during the winter season. However, this did not influence their physical performance in the form of the hand grip strength test.
Prioritization of risk factors of gingival hyperplasia during orthodontic treatment: the role of biofilm.

Background The mechanism of gingival growth that may occur during fixed orthodontic treatment is not yet fully understood and the amount of dental plaque is often incriminated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of gingival growth during multi-attachment orthodontic treatment and to prioritize its associated factors. Methods: This comprehensive cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on orthodontic patients aged 9 to 30 years, in good general health, treated by a fixed appliance. Periodontal clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, periodontal phenotype and gingival enhancement index were recorded. Likewise, the brushing habits and the date of the last scaling were noted. The orthodontic parameters studied were the duration of the treatment, the type of attachment, the alloys used for the arches and the type of ligatures. Descriptive statistics were carried out, and variables presenting p value < 0.05 were included in a multivariate analysis to calculate the Odds Ratio (OR) of gingival enlargement". Results: A total of 193 patients were included (16.38 ± 4.89 years). Gingival growth occurred for 49.7% of patients included. The associated factors for this pathology during fixed orthodontic treatment were conventional metal brackets (OR = 3.5), mouth breathing (OR = 3), male gender (OR = 2.2), thick periodontal phenotype (OR = 2) and elastomeric ligations (OR = 2). After achievement of the logistic regression, the amount of plaque would not be directly related to the development of this gingival increase. Conclusions Among the associated factors that underlie gingival growth during multi-attachment therapy, the amount of plaque is not found. The qualitative assessment of the plaque and its evolution during treatment could clarify the role of the biofilm in the occurrence of gingival overgrowth.
Human and Computer Control of Undersea Teleoperators

Abstract : This is a review of factors pertaining to man-machine interaction in remote control of undersea vehicles, especially their manipulators and sensors. Emphasis is placed on human operator control of such teleoperator systems as a function of degree of automation, sensor-control integration and task demands for underwater search, object recovery and manipulation. Models of operator- computer performance are considered, particularly with respect to human supervisory control of semiautonomous systems. Sections of the report discuss: teleoperated submersible vehicles or work platforms; undersea tasks and how they can be analyzed; relative roles of human and computer or other control elements; control hardware (sensors, communication, propulsion, manipulation, control station) and how it affects the human controller; control software for computer- aided manipulation, including a review of various languages and algorithms presently available; human operator performance in manipulator control (a review of what we now know); present and prospective theoretical models of supervisory control; and finally, the needs for research in this area.
The Accelerator Test Facility at Brookhaven: Main capabilities

Brookhaven National Laboratory’s (BNL’s) Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) is a user facility for accelerator‐ and beam‐ physics. Researchers from national and foreign universities, the DOE’s national laboratories, and small businesses can carry out their experiments here, thereby relieving their institutions and companies from the large investment in accelerators, lasers, control and diagnostic equipment, and trained accelerator operators, all of which BNL’s ATF offers. The main emphasis of this paper is on the capabilities of the ATF that I illustrate by discussing a few experiments. More detailed information can be obtained from the ATF web site: http://www.bnl. gov/atf.