Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on Supervised Classification Approach Using Support Vector Machines

Support Vector Machine (SVM) is the key for all the classification problems. It is a powerful tool that finds a classifier to separate two different classes that maximizes the margin between them. It was developed for binary classification and further it was used for solving multi-class problems. In this dissertation we have reviewed the study of support vector machines for binary and multi-class classification problem. This work is divided into the following four chapters: CHAPTER 1: This chapter consists of the introduction to Machine learning algorithm. We have also included the history, importance and some applications of machine learning. Some important definitions that are required throughout the dissertation and some models that were used earlier are also written in chapter 1. CHAPTER 2: The basics of Support Vector Machines (SVM) is introduced in this chapter. This involves some derivations for linear as well as non-linear classification. Further, algorithms for solving such problems are also presented in this chapter. CHAPTER 3: In this chapter we have reviewed the work of O.L. Mangasarian and David R. Musicant, Lagrangian Support Vector Machines (LSVM). Their work consists of iterative method for binary classification unlike Support Vector Machines (SVM) which uses quadratic programming for finding support vectors. Algorithms for both linear and non-linear classification is explained in this chapter. Further, comparison between SVM and LSVM on various data sets is also included. CHAPTER 4: This chapter explains Lagrangian Support Vector Machines for multi-class problems by J. P. Hwang, B. Choi, I. W. Hong, and E. Kim. Firstly, SVM for multi-class problems is described. Further, a method to solve multi-class problems (LSVMMPAC) considering all the classes at once is presented in this chapter. Later, LSVMMPAC for non-linear problems using kernel methods is explained in this chapter.
Information theoretic aspects of cryo-electron microscopy

In the problem of single particle reconstruction in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo EM), we want to recover the 3D electrostatic potential of a molecule from noisy 2D projections along unknown random viewing directions. A similar problem is multireference alignment (MRA), where we want to recover a signal from noisy circularly shifted copies, and the circular shifts are also unknown. This thesis focuses on the sample complexity of these problems, that is, the number of observations required for signal estimation, as a function of the noise level, in the regime of large number of observations and high level of noise; this is the prevalent regime in cryo EM. In this regime, the sample complexity is determined by the moments of the observations, thus we present various applications of the method of moments in MRA and cryo EM. Motivated by the tensor structure of higher order moments, we also develop a novel algorithm for symmetric even-order tensor decomposition.
Physical Activity Patterns and Perceptions among Type 2 Diabetic and Non-diabetic Portuguese

Background. The increasing prevalence and incidence of type 2 Diabetes has turned it into a worldwide epidemic. Although Physical Activity (PA) may play an essential role in the prevention and management of this disease, sedentary lifestyles continue to increase among diabetics. Besides, there is evidence to believe that diabetics and nondiabetics show different patterns of PA behavior, perceptions and information seeking. Objectives. This study aims to analyze diabetics and non-diabetics differences regarding (1) PA patterns (level, barriers, goals/expectations and preferred activities); (2) PA-related information sources and (3) evidenced perception on the need and importance of PA. Methods. Using data from 485 Portuguese subjects aged between 41 and 90 years old, differences between diabetics (n=85) and non-diabetics (n=400) were analyzed with Pearson’s chi-square and independent t-test. Results. The study concludes that 32% of diabetics that are physically inactive. Their attitude toward PA is not much different from non-diabetics. Nevertheless, the importance given to the time available and the schedules of activities as well as exercising with friends were more relevant for diabetics. Diabetics considered that the exercise is not safe for their health condition and present lower expectation towards exercise. Regarding information seeking behavior about PA, diabetics use as leading information source doctors and less online information. Conclusion. Diabetics and nondiabetics give different importance to PA. Results establish a foundation for the development of effective tailored communication strategies to promote PA among the diabetics.
The determinants of Islamic governance disclosure: the case of Indonesian Islamic banks

This paper aims to examine the determinants of Islamic Governance Disclosure (IGD) in Islamic banks in Indonesia. The research method used is a quantitative approach involving Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia, where their annual reports can be accessed during the 2011–2018 observation period. The data collection methods used are analysis of documentation and content analysis. Content analysis was used to calculate the IGD index. Path analysis with WarpPLS software was used to analyze data. The results show that the number of members of the Sharia supervisory board had a negative and significant effect on IGD, while leverage, size, and age can influence the IGD positively and significantly. In addition, institutional ownership has a negative and significant effect on IGD. Profitability and composition of the independent board of commissioners do not significantly affect the IGD.
THE INFLUENCE OF NUMBER AND SIZE OF SAMPLE PLOTS ON MODELLING GROWING STOCK VOLUME BASED ON AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING

Current forest growing stock inventory methods used in Poland are based on statistical methods using field measurements of trees on circular sample plots. Such measurements are carried out with traditional equipment, i.e. callipers and range finders. Nowadays, remote sensing based inventory techniques are becoming more popular and have already been applied in North America and some Scandinavian countries. Remote sensing based forest inventories require a certain amount of ground sample plots, which serve either as reference data used for model calibration and/or as a validation dataset for the assessment of the accuracy of modelled variables. Using a set of 900 ground sample plots and Airborne Laser Scanner (ALS) from the Milicz forest district, a statistical model for the estimation of plot growing stock volume was developed. Next, the developed model was once again fitted to different variants of sample plot size and number of sample plots. Each variant was selected from a full 900 sample plot set. The selection started from 800, 700, 600, . , down to 25 plots, respectively, and was carried out in proportion to the dominant tree age range. To account for the area effect, each plot number variant was similarly tested with various sample plot areas, i.e. 500, 400, . , 100 m2. Sampling in each variant was repeated in order to take into account the effect of a single selection. The results showed a strong relationship between obtained modelling errors and the size and number of used sample plots. It has been demonstrated that the number of sample plots has no influence on the accuracy of GSV estimation above about 300-400 sample plots (about 500 sample plots for bias), whereas sample plot size has a visible impact on estimation accuracy,
SOBRECARGA DO CUIDADOR INFORMAL DA PESSOA IDOSA FRÁGIL: uma revisão sistemática

O envelhecimento populacional e hoje um fenomeno observado em todo o mundo.O Brasil vivencia um envelhecimento rapido da sua populacao, observado pelareducao das taxas de fecundidade e de mortalidade e pela mudancaepidemiologica da superposicao das doencas infecto-contagiosas, causasmaternas e perinatais pelas doencas cronico-degenerativas e causas externas. Asdoencas cronico-degenerativas interferem diretamente na qualidade de vida dapopulacao idosa, tornando-as frageis e vulneraveis. Uma das fragilidades quemais comprometem a independencia e autonomia da pessoa idosa e aincapacidade cognitiva, ou seja, perda da cognicao, alteracoes comportamentais ecomprometimento das atividades da vida diaria basicas e instrumentais, que levama necessidade da existencia de um cuidador. Em decorrencia da carencia deprofissionais, ou seja, cuidadores formais e ainda pelas condicoessocioeconomicas da populacao, de modo geral os cuidados sao prestados por ummembro da familia - cuidador informal. Este assume um papel para o qual naoesta preparado, causando-lhe uma sobrecarga fisica e emocional. A necessidadede evidencias sobre esta sobrecarga levou ao desenvolvimento deste estudo como objetivo de comparar a sobrecarga fisica e emocional do cuidador informal dapessoa idosa fragil com sindrome demencial e sem sindrome demencial, por meiode uma revisao sistematica da literatura. Foram pesquisadas as bases de dados:LILACS, MEDLINE/BVS, PubMed, CINAHL, BDENF E IBECS usando descritorese termos. Foram identificados apenas dois artigos que comparavam atraves de umestudo descritivo as sobrecargas vivenciadas por cuidadores. Os artigos foramdesenvolvidos na Inglaterra, publicado em 2002, e nos EUA, publicado em 2008. Aconclusao dos dois artigos foi que a sobrecarga fisica e emocional do cuidadorinformal da pessoa idosa fragil com demencia e maior que a do cuidador dopaciente sem demencia. De acordo com a classificacao adotada o nivel deevidencia desta conclusao foi V. Diante desta constatacao torna-se urgente odesenvolvimento de pesquisas sobre o cuidador informal, procurando evidenciarsuas necessidades e formas de minimizar suas sobrecargas fisicas e emocionaisdecorrentes do cuidado da pessoa idosa fragil.
Advanced Propellants for Space Propulsion - A Task within the DLR Interdisciplinary Project "Future Fuels"

Within the sub-project "Advanced Rocket Propellants" (TP5) of the DLR interdisciplinary project "Future Fuels" three promising advanced green propellant systems are under investigation with regard to applicability and efficiency in rocket engines. The work aims at different mission scenarios and tasks, whereas performance, low costs, environmental friendliness, and safe handling characteristics are essential. The objective of this sub-project is to show and elaborate the potential of these propellant systems, to develop and to understand combustor processes with the task to advance the technology development in direction to commercial development and usage and to provide this technology to industry. This paper gives an overview of the planned work together with first obtained results.
The Impact of Conscious Discipline on Teacher Efficacy and Burn

This study examined the impact of Conscious Discipline® on Michigan elementary teachers’ perceptions of their self-efficacy and burnout levels. Teachers completed a survey of the Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) and Maslach’s Burnout Inventory (MBI) and were observed using a fidelity instrument (Rain, 2014) by the researcher five months after the adoption of Conscious Discipline® school-wide in the treatment group (n = 12). The control group (n = 15) was matched with similar student population demographics, and the same surveys and fidelity instrument (Rain, 2014) were used. Results from this study found no statistical significance in the TSES or MBI scores between those in treatment and control groups. Additionally, no statistical significance was found in the observed implementation level of Conscious Discipline® and efficacy or burnout scores.
Effect of Pectin Biodegradation with Aspergillus niger on Total Flavonoid Content of Citrus limon L.)

Lemon peel and leaf as well as lower grade of lemon contain a considerable amount of flavonoid which can be extracted to produce a valuable product. The presence of pectin in lemon hinders the extraction of flavonoid compound. This research was conducted to examine the effect of pectin biodegradation of lemon leaf, peel, and lower grade fruit using solid-state fermentation towards the yield of pectin, crude flavonoid, and total flavonoid content. Fermentation was carried out with the help of Aspergillus niger at 30℃ for 3, 5, 7, and 9 days of cultivation time. Pectin was extracted from the fermentation broth using citric acid. Crude flavonoid was extracted using maceration and stirred about 500 rpm at 50℃ for 40 minutes. Total flavonoid content was analyzed using a spectrophotometer. The optimum cultivation time of Aspergillus niger with leaf and peel was 9 days with a pectin yield from lemon leaf was 0.43% dry weight and the pectin yield from lemon peel was 0.04% dry weight. As for the lower grade fruit, a cultivation time for 7 days showed an optimal result with a pectin yield of 0.08% dry weight. The total flavonoid content in the leaf increased up to 94.3% (1.06 mg of the quercetin equivalents per g of substrate) whereas the total flavonoid content in the peel and lower grade fruit increased up to 42% (0.12 mg of the quercetin equivalents per g of substrate) and 48% (0.021 mg of the quercetin equivalents per g of substrate), respectively. These results highlight ed the potential valorization of Citrus limon L. as an alternative source for producing flavonoid in food and pharmaceutical industry.
Greedy Algorithm Applied Secrecy Rate Analysis in the Cooperative Communication

Cooperative communication is the future tendency because of low cost. Three fundamental schemes including Amplify-and-Forward (AF) mode, Decode-and-Forward (DF) mode and Compress and Forward (CF) mode could be employed. In the system, relays play the role to transmit the delivered signal to the destination. However, there might be the eavesdroppers pretend the relay to snip the message. Currently, privacy and security are highly requested in the communication. Hence, the secrecy protection becomes important. Traditionally, the complex encryption scheme would be applied but it is not practical to apply to the equipment with low computing resources. According to Shannon Theory, positive secrecy rate could support secure communications. Maximum secrecy rate is the initial step to analyze the possible secure communication in the cooperative system. The exhaustive method to find the extreme secrecy rate in the system could be realized. However, time efficiency is not considerable. In order to reduce the computational complexity, a greedy algorithm might provide an acceptable solution to approach the purpose of analysis. In this work, the DF mode cooperative mode is adopted for analysis with a greedy algorithm. The result shows the effects of eavesdropper are not significant if the destination station select the strong signal from legitimate stations.
Success dependency on decision-making logic and available information

One of the most cited emerging theories in entrepreneurship is effectuation (Sarasvathy, 2001; Fisher 2012). This research applies effectuation theory and contrasts it to the traditional approach to entrepreneurship – causation (Sarasvathy, 2001) in the context of social and health care SMEs in South Ostrobothnia, Finland. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether causation/effectuation decision-making logics affect the performance of social and health care SMEs and whether one is dominant. The paper seeks to clarify causation boundary conditions relative to experimentation (one dimension of effectuation’s construct), particularly the role of risk and uncertainty in relation to the utilization of information. The objectives of this study are follows: 1) to examine the effect of causation and effectuation (specifically experimentation dimension) decision-making logics on firm performance, 2) to examine the impact of performance measurement system (PMS) adoption on firm performance, and 3) to examine the effect of causation logic on performance measurement system adoption. Using empirical data collected by a survey from 46 Finnish social and health care SMEs we test a path model examining the hypothesized effects. Even though the data is small, it represents well social and health care SMEs in the area. The path model explains 53 percent of the variance in firm performance. Results show that both causation decision-making logic and performance measurement system adoption have positive and direct effect on firm performance. In addition, causation decision-making logic has a positive effect on performance measurement system adoption, and performance measurement system adoption partially mediates the effect of causation decision-making logic on firm performance. The path model explains 53 percent of the variance in firm performance. Social and health care industry is one of the growth industries in Finland and firms in the field do not experience uncertainty in their future business. In addition, many firms in the field consider public sector as their primary customer and rely on the public sector’s need to outsource tasks in the long term. Therefore, they experience no particular risk in their relative stable future business environment. The future is predictable by the information available and favors causation decision-making logic.
ePubWU Institutional Repository

The Kogut and Singh (J Int Bus Stud 19(3):411–432, 1988) index is the most widely used construct to measure cultural distance in international business and management research. We show that this index is incorrectly specified and captures the squared cultural distance. This inaccuracy is problematic because it means that the empirical findings on the effects of cultural distance presented in different strands of international business research are likely to be misleading. We specify the correct form of the distance measure based on the Euclidean distance formula and demonstrate the implications of using the incorrectly specified Kogut and Singh (1988) index.
Psychic Distance and the Challenges of Expatriation: Looking at Brazil

The aim of this paper is to explore the extent to which the psychic distance between countries poses challenges to the expatriation process of young multinational companies from emerging countries, such as Brazil. While the concept of psychic distance has been extensively explored in the literature for the analysis of the paths to internationalization of multinational companies, researchers have only recently begun to analyze its influence on expatriation processes. To this end, we review studies of psychic distance and of two fields of expatriation processes that are directly influenced by the challenge of expatriates’ cultural integration, namely selection and training. Based on a field study of 143 expatriates and seven managers of human resources (HR) from 12 Brazilian companies, we found out that those companies have selected markets that are psychically close to Brazil for their expatriations. Nevertheless, cultural integration is still a big challenge for those Brazilian expatriates. In addition, we concluded that there are some differences between the expatriates and the HR managers’ perceptions of the management of expatriation processes, especially the selection and training stages. This partially explains the high incidence of problems concerning cultural adaptation that Brazilian companies face as a result of the challenge posed by the psychic distance.
PPA_A_216196 2129..2135

Andrzej Knapik 1 Józefa Dąbek 2 Anna Brzęk 3 1Department of Adapted Physical Activity and Sport, Chair of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland; 2Department of Cardiology, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland; 3Department of Physiotherapy, Chair of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland Introduction: The most commonly occurring diseases among the elderly people are cardiovascular system ones and among them the coronary artery disease (CAD). It is considered that the age and insufficient level of physical activity (PA) are the crucial risk factors of CAD. The key barrier which prevents elderly people from undertaking physical activity may be the fear of activity, called kinesiophobia. Aim: The aim of this project was to examine the frequency of kinesiophobia among Polish elderly patients with CAD and its potential conditions: sex, age, CAD duration, other diseases and chosen socio-demographic variables. Reference and methods: There have been 135 people examined: 59 women and 76 men in the 65–88 age range (average =71.88 years, SD=4.82). They were people diagnosed with stable CAD. The questionnaire form which was used collected information concerning the socio-demographical and physical activity data. And for kinesiophobia, there was Tampa Scale used, which is dedicated to examine cardiac patients – TSK heart. Results: Over 76% of examined patients had a high level of kinesiophobia (TSK>37 pt). Sex, age, BMI, CAD duration and the number of other diseases did not have any connection with neither PA nor TSK. Education was the only one, among the sociodemographic variables, which differentiated the kinesiophobia. Better educated people had a lower level of it. Conclusion: Kinesiophobia is a common problem among the elderly people suffering from CAD. It is caused by a lack of physical activity which adversely predicts the progression of the disease. People with higher education are more rarely affected by kinesiophobia. CAD patients should be provided with knowledge and training concerning PA and there should be conditions created to enhance it.
Delayed and Sustained Remote Triggering of Small Earthquakes in the San Jacinto Fault Region by the 2014 Mw 7.2 Papanoa, Mexico Earthquake

We apply a move max matched‐filter method to detect heightened seismicity triggered in the San Jacinto fault (SJF) zone, by the 2014 Mw 7.2 Papanoa, Mexico earthquake. The move max matched filter detects 5.4 and 1.7 times the number of earthquakes in the Southern California Seismic Network catalog and those detected by the matched‐filter method, respectively. The seismicity rate increases significantly ~3.5 hr after the passage of the teleseismic waves and persists above the background level for about 1 week. This observation of delayed triggering may imply that dynamic stresses had initiated a time‐dependent advance to failure or a secondary process. A highly active triggered patch is located ~10 km west of the SJF near Anza, on a previously unmapped fault. Focal mechanisms and a best fit plane suggest a normal fault perpendicular to the SJF. The unmapped fault may indicate higher seismic hazard in the surrounding areas if a large earthquake nucleated around the Anza seismic gap.
A pr 2 01 3 Photon counting by inertial and accelerated detectors

Bases of exactly localized Minkowski and Rindler states on spacelike hypersurfaces are used to describe inertial and accelerated photon counting devices. It is found that the spacetime coordinates of photons absorbed by a pair of counteraccelerating detectors in causally disconnected Rindler wedges are correlated. If a photon is absorbed by a single accelerated detector the Minkowski vacuum collapses to a state containing at least one photon and that photon can be absorbed by an inertial detector.