Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronic Disease Prevention: Tobacco, Physical Activity, and Nutrition for a Healthy Start

William H. Dietz, The George Washington University; Ross C. Brownson, Washington University; Clifford E. Douglas, American Cancer Society; John J. Dreyzehner, Tennessee Department of Health; Ron Z. Goetzel, Truven Health Analytics; Steven L. Gortmaker, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; James S. Marks, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; Kathleen A. Merrigan, The George Washington University; Russell R. Pate, University of South Carolina; Lisa M. Powell, University of Illinois at Chicago; Mary Story, Duke University
Determination of solifenacin succinate in human plasma and pharmaceutical formulations using HPLC-UV

: An accurate, rapid and precise high performance liquid chromatographic coupled with ultraviolet detector method has been developed for the determination of solifenacin succinate in pharmaceutical formulation and human plasma. Quantitative analysis of solifenacin succinate was performed using a C18 column at wavelength at 210 nm. The mobile phase consisted of 10 mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 4.0), acetonitrile and methanol (52.5:32.5:12.5 v/v/v). The method showed linearity in the concentration range of 3-60 μg/mL and the correlation coefficient was 0.9998 and 0.9994 for the standard and human plasma solutions, respectively. The proposed method was within acceptable limits in terms of accuracy, precision, selectivity, linearity, sensitivity and recovery parameters. This method is readily applicable for the determination of solifenacin succinate in human plasma and pharmaceutical formulations.
A Social Network Perspective on the Success of Open Source Software: The Case of R Packages

In this paper, we seek to identify the factors that influence the impact of open source software (OSS) on users community through the analysis of the evolution of the OSS network. Based on longitudinal data collected from the comprehensive R archive network (CRAN), we empirically examine how the network of R packages evolves over time and exert its influence on the scientific community. We find that critical network features derived from CRAN, such as pagerank, closeness, and betweenness centralities, play a significant role in determining the impact of each package on the research and publication activities in the scientific community. Furthermore, the performance of R packages can be explained as a flow of information from the core to the periphery that exhibits strong spillover effects.
Topic Enhanced Sentiment Spreading Model in Social Networks Considering User Interest

Emotion is a complex emotional state, which can affect our physiology and psychology and lead to behavior changes. The spreading process of emotions in the text-based social networks is referred to as sentiment spreading. In this paper, we study an interesting problem of sentiment spreading in social networks. In particular, by employing a text-based social network (Twitter) , we try to unveil the correlation between users' sentimental statuses and topic distributions embedded in the tweets, then to automatically learn the influence strength between linked users. Furthermore, we introduce user interest to refine the influence strength. We develop a unified probabilistic framework to formalize the problem into a topic-enhanced sentiment spreading model. The model can predict users' sentimental statuses based on their historical emotional status, topic distributions in tweets and social structures. Experiments on the Twitter dataset show that the proposed model significantly outperforms several alternative methods in predicting users' sentimental status. We also discover an intriguing phenomenon that positive and negative sentiment is more relevant to user interest than neutral ones. Our method offers a new opportunity to understand the underlying mechanism of sentimental spreading in online social networks.
Characterizing Pharo Code: A Technical Report

Pharo (https://pharo.org/) is a modern dynamically-typed reflective pure object-oriented language. It is inspired from Smalltalk. Its unconventional syntax mimics natural language: arguments are not grouped around parentheses at the end but within the message, making expressions looks like sentences. In addition, all control flow operations are expressed as messages and the programmer can freely define new ones and as such define Domain Specific Languages for his task. In this technical report we discuss the statistical properties of source code that people write using Pharo programming language. We present the methodology and tooling for analysing source code selected from the projects of Pharo ecosystem. By analysing 50 projects, consisting of 824 packages, 13,935 classes, and 151,717 methods, we answer questions such as "what is a typical method length? " or "what percent of source code are literals? ".
FORMULATION EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF CHITOSAN COATED CEFTRIAXONE LOADED MICROPARTICLES

Ceftriaxone, a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic is an important antibiotic used in the treatment of invasive infections caused by the certain bacteria such as the penicillin-resistant microorganisms like Staphyloccocus aureus, strains of S. pneumonia, S. aureus and Enterobacteriaceae , particularly among E. coli. There is increasing antimicrobial resistance of Ceftriaxone in particular against these strains of bacteria. This study has been conducted to formulate, evaluate and optimize chitosan coated ceftriaxone loaded microparticles with better efficacy and also observes the MIC against strains of bacteria. Emulsion crosslinking method was used for the formulation of microparticles of ceftriaxone by using chitosan as a polymer and glutraldehyde as a cross linking agent which is optimized by using Box-Behnken Design. Three independent variables were taken; effect of drug and the polymer ratio, effect of the stirring speed and effect of crosslinking agent and dependent variables were microparticles entrapment efficiency and the In vitro drug release. Following optimization of the formulations, physical characterization as well as entrapment efficiency and ultimately in-vitro evaluation was performed. Physical characterization include optical microscopy, SEM and DLS to check there physical properties. The method used for the formulation of microparticle had the optimum entrapment efficiency of 61.7% which was increase with the increase in the addition of the more amount of chitosan and glutraldehyde and method also achieved the good in vitro release. MIC studies of microparticles were done against Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli and it was found that the formulations showed decrease in MIC.
‘Looping effects’ related to young people’s mental health: How young people transform the meaning of psychiatric concepts

Over the past decades, reports from official authorities and the media have suggested that there is a ‘crisis’ in young people’s mental health. However, there is considerable uncertainty regarding how to interpret the data referred to in these alarming reports. The present article draws on ‘the minority voices’ of young people and theories developed by Ian Hacking to undertake a critical analysis of the conceptualisation of young people’s mental health. According to Hacking, systems of classifications formulate general truths about people and frame the suffering of individuals in specific ways. Classification changes people. However, young people are social actors who interact with classifications of their mental health and by doing so they could cause classifications to be redrawn. Hacking refers to these feedback effects as ‘looping effects’. Based on 51 interviews with 15-year-olds, this article explores how young people interact with psychiatric labels associated with their wellbeing such as anxiety and depression. We demonstrate how the participants gave new meaning to these psychiatric labels, devalued and gave nuance to them, and by doing so transformed them into cultural categories rather than diagnostic categories. We discuss the potential looping effects related to young people’s mental health and how the present findings can inform policy practice.
Co-ethnic exploitation among Chinese within an ethnic economy

Based on the situation of Chinese migrants in Santiago, Chile, this article shows that labor relationships between Chinese employers and Chinese workers could be exploitative. Thus, we aim to discuss the conditions under which co-ethnic exploitation among Chinese takes place in Chile. In addition, we ask why Chinese workers allow themselves to be exploited by their Chinese employers, and how employers explain the exploitation. We argue that such exploitation starts from the migration route, through which both parties mutually agree to skirt local regulations. Chinese employers hire co-ethnic workers through the use of guanxi (personal connections), which generates the conditions that keep workers under employers’ control and restrict possibilities for change.
Space Time Coding Over a Multiple-Channel Free Space Optical Link

Free space optical (FSO) communications in the atmosphere are characterized by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and turbulent fading. We propose a combination of spatial and temporal forward error correction (FEC) coding to instantaneously correct for long-duration fades over a multiple channel link. We simulate this over a turbulent channel and identify the probability of outage of such a channel as the most signiﬁcant channel parameter.
Evaluation of an Educational Intervention on Knowledge and Awareness of Medication Safety in Older Adults with Low Health Literacy

ABSTRACT Background: Older adults with low health literacy are at increased risk of nonadherence, accidental drug exposure, and adverse events. Purpose: This study evaluated older adults’ knowledge and awareness of medication safety and poison prevention resources using an interactive educational game compared to a less intensive intervention involving individual review of brochures. Methods: Both groups were given pre- and postintervention surveys to assess change in knowledge. Participants were followed up at 30 days to assess knowledge retention and behavior changes. Results: A total of 101 older adults participated in the study. In the game group, the median improvement in the index score pre- and postintervention was 3, moving from 9 (interquartile range [IQR] 6, 9) to 11 (IQR 9, 12). The brochure group median improvement was 1, moving from 7.5 (IQR 6, 8) to 8 (IQR 5, 10). Comparing postintervention to 30-day follow-up, over 50% of respondents retained the correct responses. Discussion: The interactive game significantly improved knowledge regarding use of child-resistant cap, interpreting a drug facts label, medication list documentation, and who to call for advice. Translation to Health Education Practice: This educational intervention has potential to increase awareness of poison prevention resources and medication safety strategies in older adults with low health literacy.
The Perceived Influence of Social Media on High School Band Students’ Decision to Participate in a College Marching Band

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived influence of social media on high school band students’ future decision to participate in a college marching band. Participants (N = 158) were high school band students. Results indicated that social media could be influential in high school band students’ decision to participate in a college marching band, as high social media usage rates were reported. Results also indicated that personal communication, such as face-to-face conversations with family and friends and direct email contact from band directors, strongly influenced their decision to join a college marching band. These results suggest that recruitment strategies containing direct modes of communication resonate with prospective college students. Suggestions for future research are provided, as social media technology is quickly evolving and investigations are needed to guide and inform the recruitment practices of college marching band programs.
Detailed Structure of the Subducted Nazca Slab into the Lower Mantle Derived From Continent‐Scale Teleseismic P Wave Tomography

Nazca subduction beneath South America is one of our best modern examples of long‐lived ocean‐continent subduction on the planet, serving as a foundation for our understanding of subduction processes. Within that framework, persistent heterogeneities at a range of scales in both the South America and Nazca plates is difficult to reconcile without detailed knowledge of the subducted Nazca slab structure. Here we use teleseismic travel time residuals from >1,000 broadband and short‐period seismic stations across South America in a single tomographic inversion to produce the highest‐resolution contiguous P wave tomography model of the subducting slab and surrounding mantle beneath South America to date. Our model reveals a continuous trench‐parallel fast seismic velocity anomaly across the majority of South America that is consistent with the subducting Nazca slab. The imaged anomaly indicates a number of robust features of the subducted slab, including variable slab dip, extensive lower mantle penetration, slab stagnation in the lower mantle, and variable slab amplitude, that are incorporated into a new, comprehensive model of the geometry of the Nazca slab surface to ~1,100 km depth. Lower mantle slab penetration along the entire margin suggests that lower mantle slab anchoring is insufficient to explain along strike upper plate variability while slab stagnation in the lower mantle indicates that the 1,000 km discontinuity is dominant beneath South America.
Simple preparation of graphene quantum dots with controllable surface states from graphite

Graphite is economic and earth-abundant carbon precursor for preparing graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Here, we report a facile and green approach to produce GQDs from graphite flakes via a pulsed laser ablation (PLA) method assisted by high-power sonication. A homogeneous dispersion of graphite flakes, caused by high-power sonication during PLA, leads to the formation of GQDs following a laser fragmentation in liquid (LFL) rather than laser ablation in liquid (LAL) mechanism. The final product of GQDs exhibits the distinct structural, chemical, and optical properties of pristine graphene itself. However, graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) with abundant surface oxygen-rich functional groups are readily formed from graphite flakes when high-power sonication is not employed during the PLA process. GQDs and GOQDs show a significantly different luminescence nature. Hence, selective production of either functional GQDs or GOQDs can be achieved by simply turning the high-power sonication during the PLA process on and off. We believe that our modified PLA process proposed in this work will further open up facile and simple routes for designing functional carbon materials.
Hybridization and recurrent evolution of left–right reversal in the land snail genus Schileykula (Orculidae, Pulmonata)

Abstract The land snail genus Schileykula Gittenberger, 1983 is distributed in arid limestone areas from western Turkey to north‐western Iran. It comprises eight species, which display high variation in shell size and morphology. The cylindrical shells are 5–12 mm in height and the last shell whorls bear several inner lamellae and plicae. Two taxa differ in their chirality having sinistral shells, while all the others are dextrals such as the vast majority of orculids. The aim of this study was to establish a molecular genetic phylogeny of Schileykula and to test whether it conforms to the current morphology‐based classification. Furthermore, we were interested in the phylogenetic position of the two sinistral forms in order to assess whether one or two reversals happened in the evolution of the genus. Nine out of ten species, including all four subspecies of Schileykula trapezensis and three of six subspecies of Schileykula scyphus, were investigated. A section of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene was analyzed in 54 specimens of Schileykula and from a subsample, partial sequences of the mitochondrial genes for the 12S rRNA and the 16S rRNA, and a section of the nuclear H4/H3 histone gene cluster were obtained. The phylogenetic trees based on the mitochondrial sequences feature high support values for most nodes, and the species appear well differentiated from each other. The two chiral forms evolved independently and are not sister lineages. However, some groupings disagree with the present morphology‐based classification and taxonomical conclusions are drawn. Schileykula trapezensis is polyphyletic in the molecular genetic trees; therefore, three of its subspecies are elevated to species level: Schileykula acampsis Hausdorf, 1996 comb. nov., Schileykula neuberti Hausdorf, 1996 comb. nov., and Schileykula contraria Neubert, 1993 comb. nov. Furthermore, Schileykula sigma is grouped within S. scyphus in the mitochondrial and nuclear trees and consequently treated as a subspecies of the latter (Schileykula scyphus sigma Hausdorf, 1996 comb. nov.). Schileykula nordsiecki, whose shell morphology is indistinguishable from that of the neighboring Schileykula scyphus lycaonica, but who differs in its genital anatomy, was confirmed to represent a distinct lineage. The phylogenies produced by the mitochondrial and nuclear data sets are to some extent conflicting. The patterns differ concerning the grouping of some specimens, suggesting at least two independent hybridization events involving S. contraria, S. scyphus and S. trapezensis. The results exemplify the importance of integrating both mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data in order to complement morphology‐based taxonomy, and they provide further evidence for hybridization across distantly related lineages in land snails.
Exploration of moving transformation methods for boundary value ordinary differential equations and one-dimensional time-dependent partial differential equations

Rapid advances in computing power have given computational analysis and simulation a prominent role in modern scientific exploration. Differential equations are often used to model complex scientific phenomena. In practice, these equations can not be solved exactly and numerical approximations which accurately preserve the characteristics of the modelled phenomena must be employed. This has motivated the development of accurate and efficient numerical methods and software for these problems. This thesis explores a class of adaptive methods for accurately computing numerical solutions for two common classes of differential equations, boundary value ordinary differential equations and time-dependent partial differential equations in one spatial dimension. These adaptive methods, referred to as moving transformation (MT) methods, are used to improve the accuracy of standard numerical methods for these problem classes and can be extended to higher dimensions. MT methods improve the accuracy of these standard numerical algorithms by transforming the differential equation into a related differential equation on a computational domain where it is easier to solve. The solution to this transformed differential equation can then be transformed back to the original physical domain to obtain a solution to the original differential equation. Software implementing MT methods is developed and computational experiments performed to determine the effectiveness of these methods compared to traditional adaptation approaches. We also investigate the suitability of these methods for implementation in adaptive error control algorithms.
Relationship of Perception and Awareness towards Utilization of Government Business Support Services (GBSS) In Malaysian SMEs Perspective

This paper observed on the level of perception and awareness Malaysian SMEs in determining the utilization on Government Business Support Service (GBSS). A survey was conducted in West Malaysia in 3 months period with a response rate of 17.4%. About 139 of SME’s owner-managers has responded to the questionnaires. The findings reveal that perception and general awareness has a significant relationship toward utilization of GBSS. This paper proves the importance of GBSS in developing and assisting local SMEs, in particular, to position the companies in facing the competitive business environment, particularly with regard to enhancing the competitive strategies and policy formulation. Further, the results might help the SMEs in planning a proper plan for utilizing GBSS in order to support the company needs.
Estimation of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and urine analysis in patients with diabetes to assess the renal impairments

Introduction: Serum urea and creatinine are most widely accepted parameters to assess renal impairment (CKD) in diabetes. Aim: To assess e the serum Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and protein levels in diabetes mellitus subjects to identify the renal impairments. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 40 subjects involving 15 Type 1, 15 Type 2 diabetic and 10 healthy controls. After collection of blood samples, urea creatinine, blood sugar and proteins were analyzed by enzymatic and calorimetric method. Results: In the present study, a total of n=40 diabetic subjects were included, out of which n=20 were male and n=20 were female subjects. The male to female ratio was 1:1. The age of the subjects ranged from 35 55 years and the mean age was 50.92 years. The age of the healthy controls ranged from 45 – 52 years and the mean age was 47.72 years. Mean value of Blood glucose (FBS) levels in type 2 diabetes and type were found to be (145.13±10.84; 152.2±9.03) whereas in control group was observed to be 110±7.91). The mean (±SD) value of creatinine in type 2 diabetes group were found to be (2.53±10.84), whereas in type 1 diabetes group were found to be (2.99±0.67). The mean value of creatinine in control group was observed to be 0.80±0.08. Thus, the mean blood urea and serum creatinine levels were statistically significantly (p≤0.05). Blood urea nitrogen in both the diabetic patients compared to healthy controls. (In type 2, 49.66±6.91; Type 1, 48.66±6.73 and in healthy controls was observed to be 10.91±1.68). Urine pH also slightly high in diabetic patients compared to healthy controls. Mean value of proteins in type 1 diabetes found to be 143.13±21.53; whereas in type 2 142.53±28.80. In healthy control subjects mean protein value was observed to be 114.2±3.04. Conclusion: Strong relationship of blood urea and serum creatinine levels was found with blood sugar levels. Blood urea and serum creatinine levels along with blood glucose levels would be helpful to monitor the diabetes patients to assess renal function.
The suppression of lithium dendrites by a triazine-based porous organic polymer-laden PEO-based electrolyte and its application for all-solid-state lithium batteries

A triazene-p-phenylenediamine-based porous organic polymer (TP-POP) was successfully synthesized and incorporated as a filler in the PEO + LiTFSI matrix. The composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) membranes were characterized via SEM, DSC, TGA and tensile studies. Their electrochemical properties including ionic conductivity and compatibility and dendrite features were also investigated. The ionic conductivity increased by one order magnitude upon the addition of 2 wt% of TP-POP in the polymeric matrix, which was attributed to the formation of a transition Lewis acid–base-type of interaction for Li+-ion hopping. The CPE comprising PEO + LiTFSI + TP-POP exhibited not only higher thermal stability and better interfacial properties but also prevented dendrite growth even after 140 h. Finally, a 2032-type coin cell composed of LiFePO4/CPE/Li was assembled and its cycling performance was analysed for different C rates at 60 °C. Stable cycling was achieved even at the rate of 1C.