Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plenty is Plague: Fine-Grained Learning for Visual Question Answering

Visual Question Answering (VQA) has attracted extensive research focus recently. Along with the ever-increasing data scale and model complexity, the enormous training cost has become an emerging challenge for VQA. In this article, we show such a massive training cost is indeed plague. In contrast, a fine-grained design of the learning paradigm can be extremely beneficial in terms of both training efficiency and model accuracy. In particular, we argue that there exist two essential and unexplored issues in the existing VQA training paradigm that randomly samples data in each epoch, namely, the “difficulty diversity” and the “label redundancy”. Concretely, “difficulty diversity” refers to the varying difficulty levels of different question types, while “label redundancy” refers to the redundant and noisy labels contained in individual question type. To tackle these two issues, in this article we propose a fine-grained VQA learning paradigm with an actor-critic based learning agent, termed FG-A1C. Instead of using all training data from scratch, FG-A1C includes a learning agent that adaptively and intelligently schedules the most difficult question types in each training epoch. Subsequently, two curriculum learning based schemes are further designed to identify the most useful data to be learned within each inidividual question type. We conduct extensive experiments on the VQA2.0 and VQA-CP v2 datasets, which demonstrate the significant benefits of our approach. For instance, on VQA-CP v2, with less than 75 percent of the training data, our learning paradigms can help the model achieves better performance than using the whole dataset. Meanwhile, we also shows the effectivenesss of our method in guiding data labeling. Finally, the proposed paradigm can be seamlessly integrated with any cutting-edge VQA models, without modifying their structures.
Environmental Health Practice Challenges and Research Needs for U.S. Health Departments

Background: Environmental health (EH) professionals, one of the largest segments of the public health workforce, are responsible for delivery of essential environmental public health services. The challenges facing these professionals and research needs to improve EH practice are not fully understood, but 26% of EH professionals working in health departments of the United States plan to retire in 5 y, while only 6% of public health students are currently pursuing EH concentrations. Objectives: A groundbreaking initiative was recently launched to understand EH practice in health departments of the United States. This commentary article aims to identify priority EH practice challenges and related research needs for health departments. Methods: A horizon scanning approach was conducted in which challenges facing EH professionals were provided by 1,736 respondents working at health departments who responded to a web-based survey fielded in November 2017. Thematic analyses of the responses and determining the frequency at which respondents reported specific issues and opportunities identified primary EH topic areas. These topic areas and related issues informed focus group discussions at an in-person workshop held in Anaheim, California. The purpose of the in-person workshop was to engage each of the topic areas and issues, through facilitated focus groups, leading to the formation of four to five related problem statements for each EH topic. Discussion: EH professionals are strategically positioned to diagnose, intervene, and prevent public health threats. Focus group engagement resulted in 29 priority problem statements partitioned among 6 EH topic areas: a) drinking water quality, b) wastewater management, c) healthy homes, d) food safety, e) vectors and public health pests, and f) emerging issues. This commentary article identifies priority challenges and related research needs to catalyze effective delivery of essential environmental public health services for common EH program areas in health departments. An unprecedented initiative to revitalize EH practice with timely and strategic recommendations for student and professional training, nontraditional partnerships, and basic and translational research activities is recommended. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5161
The association between the initial lactate level and need for massive transfusion in severe trauma patients with and without traumatic brain injury

Background Exsanguination is a major cause of death in severe trauma patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prognostic impact of the initial lactate level for massive transfusion (MT) in severe trauma. We divided patients according to subgroups of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and non-TBI. Methods This single-institution retrospective study was conducted on patients who were admitted to hospital for severe trauma between January 2016 and December 2017. TBI was defined by a head Abbreviated Injury Scale ≥3. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to analyze the prognostic impact of the lactate level. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between the MT and lactate level. The primary outcome was MT. Results Of the 553 patients, MT was performed in 62 patients (11.2%). The area under the curve (AUC) for the lactate level for predicting MT was 0.779 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.742 to 0.813). The AUCs for lactate level in the TBI and non-TBI patients were 0.690 (95% CI, 0.627 to 0.747) and 0.842 (95% CI, 0.796 to 0.881), respectively. In multivariate analyses, the lactate level was independently associated with the MT (odds ratio [OR], 1.179; 95% CI, 1.070 to 1.299). The lactate level was independently associated with MT in non-TBI patients (OR, 1.469; 95% CI, 1.262 to 1.710), but not in TBI patients. Conclusions The initial lactate level may be a possible prognostic factor for MT in severe trauma. In TBI patients, however, the initial lactate level was not suitable for predicting MT.
Combinatorial genetic replenishments in myocardial and outflow tract tissues restore heart function in tnnt2 mutant zebrafish

ABSTRACT Cardiac muscle troponin T (Tnnt2) mediates muscle contraction in response to calcium ion dynamics, and Tnnt2 mutations are associated with multiple types of cardiomyopathy. Here, we employed a zebrafish model to investigate the genetic replenishment strategies of using conditional and inducible promoters to rescue the deficiencies in the heart. tnnt2a mutations were induced in zebrafish via the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, and the mutants displayed heart arrest and dilated cardiomyopathy-like phenotypes. We first utilized the classic myocardial promoter of the myl7 and TetOn inducible system to restore tnnt2a expression in myocardial tissue in tnnt2a mutant zebrafish. However, this attempt failed to recover normal heart function and circulation, although heart pumping was partially restored. Further analyses via both RNA-seq and immunofluorescence indicated that Tnnt2a, which was also expressed in a novel group of myl7-negative smooth muscle cells on the outflow tract (OFT), was indispensably responsible for the normal mechanical dynamics of OFT. Lastly, tnnt2 expression induced by OFT cells in addition to the myocardial cells successfully rescued heart function and circulation in tnnt2a mutant zebrafish. Together, our results reveal the significance of OFT expression of Tnnt2 for cardiac function and demonstrate zebrafish larva as a powerful and convenient in vivo platform for studying cardiomyopathy and the relevant therapeutic strategies. Summary: Tnnt2 expression in the outflow tract is essential for cardiac function, and zebrafish is a powerful in vivo model for investigating cardiomyopathy genetics.
Assessment of Imputation Methods for Missing Gene Expression Data in Meta-Analysis of DistinctCohorts of Tuberculosis Patients

The growth of publicly available repositories, such as the Gene Expression Omnibus, has allowed researchers to conduct meta-analysis of gene expression data across distinct cohorts. In this work, we assess eight imputation methods for their ability to impute gene expression data when values are missing across an entire cohort of Tuberculosis (TB) patients. We investigate how varying proportions of missing data (across 10%, 20%, and 30% of patient samples) influence the imputation results, and test for significantly differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways in patients with active TB. Our results indicate that truncating to common genes observed across cohorts, which is the current method used by researchers, results in the exclusion of important biology and suggest that LASSO and LLS imputation methodologies can reasonably impute genes across cohorts when total missingness rates are below 20%.
Cognitive Functioning in Young People with First Episode Psychosis: Relationship to Diagnosis and Clinical Characteristics

Objective: To examine the extent and nature of neuropsychological deficits in adolescents and young people with first episode psychosis (FEP), and to determine whether the pattern and extent of neuropsychological deficits varied according to diagnosis. Method: A total of 83 FEP subjects aged 13–25 years, and 31 healthy controls completed a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests, grouped into 10 cognitive domains. First episode psychosis subjects were stratified into three diagnostic groups (schizophrenia, affective disorders, substance-induced psychosis) and differences in cognitive profiles were examined. The contribution of demographic and clinical characteristics to cognitive performance was also explored. Results: The schizophrenia group demonstrated significantly worse performance on tasks of verbal learning and memory than the affective disorders group. Compared to healthy controls, the schizophrenia group also demonstrated global impairment across the majority of cognitive domains. The substance-induced group’s performance lay between that of the schizophrenia and affective disorders groups. Analyses of differential deficits revealed that verbal learning, verbal memory and current intellectual functioning were selectively impaired in the schizophrenia group, whereas the affective disorders group demonstrated a selective deficit in speeded processing. Premorbid intellectual functioning, negative symptomatology and medication levels were the strongest predictors of cognitive performance in FEP subjects. Conclusions: Verbal memory deficits differentiate individuals with schizophrenia from those with psychotic affective disorders. Although significant cognitive deficits are evident across all diagnostic FEP groups, individuals with schizophrenia appear to have more generalized impairment across a broad array of cognitive functions than other psychotic diagnoses. Lower premorbid intellectual functioning does not appear to contribute to greater cognitive deterioration following onset of psychosis, but severity of illness may be a more important factor than levels of mood disturbance.
Design Implications of Model-Generated Urban Data

The staggering complexity of urban environment and long timescales in the causal mechanisms prevent designers to fully understand the implications of their design interventions. In order to investigate these causal mechanisms and provide measurable trends, a model that partially replicates urban complexity has been developed. Using a cellular automata approach to model land use types and markets for products, services, labour and property, the model has enabled numerical experiments to be carried out. The results revealed causal mechanisms and performance metrics obtained in a much shorter timescale than the real-life processes, pointing to a number of design implications for urban environments.
BLEKINGE TEKNISKA HÖGSKOLA VT 2013 Sektionen för management

Adolescents dating violence has become an international public health problem. The majority of the adolescents in Europe and North America have experienced some sort of dating relationship and even if many of these relationships are healthy ones there is an increase of destructive and violent relationships. Previous research indicates varied as well as limited results from already existing prevention and intervention efforts addressing adolescent dating violence. Dating violence prevalence is increasing and effective prevention and intervention methods are needed in order to reduce and prevent its existence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a game-based intervention called ‘Green Acres High’, created by the CAVA-project group. Swedish adolescents that recently had played the game were interviewed with the means of focus groups in order to examine their subjective experience of this new type of intervention. Results indicate that the use of a game as an intervention method for this socially sensitive topic was perceived as positive by the adolescents, seeing it as a new, engaging and interesting method. The findings from the study indicate that dating violence is a topic in need of further discussion and that this game has potential to affect its players, both attitudinal and knowledge wise.
M2 Project: Investigation of emergent properties of visual perception using data-driven modelling and simulation

Receptive fields are used in neuroscience as a tool to understand how the spatio-temporal properties of the stimulus affects the neuronal response. Receptive fields in particular are used to classify cells in the visual cortex in simple or complex cells. There is, on the other hand, no consensus in the definition of the receptive field and some definitions depend on the particular type of stimulus used. In this work, we studied how the receptive fields of the neurons in the visual cortex depend on the stimulus used to estimate them. To do this, we built a model of the the visual cortex consistent with most of the biological facts found so far. We used the Volterra expansion to study how the linearities and the non-linearities of the receptive field varied with the statistics of the stimulus. We found systematic variation both at the level of the receptive field and in the response.
RF and ELF‐EMF: Gene‐Pathway‐Disease Analysis

Methods We obtained 5 studies for for ELF and LF EMF, for which we had all of the microarray data and 3 studies where the manuscript contained enough information to extract significantly altered genes (see Table 1). In addition, we obtained 13 full data sets and 5 literature datasets for RF EMF (see Table 1). Plausible links between exposure to ELF/LF and RF EMF, and human diseases were identified using a three‐ step process: a) linking genes associated with classes of human diseases to molecular pathways; b) linking pathways to ELF and RF EMF microarray data; and c) identifying associations between human disease and EMF exposures where the pathways are significantly similar.
Interpretability of Hungarian embedding spaces using a knowledge base

While word embeddings have proven to be highly useful in many NLP tasks, they are diﬃcult to interpret for humans. Sparse word embeddings are reminiscent of knowledge bases containing words that are already characterized in sparse forms. In our work, we investigate to what extent sparse word representations convey knowledge about the words in knowledge bases. We utilize Hungarian sparse word embeddings and ConceptNet, a knowledge base that supports Hungarian.
On Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Selective Laser Melted 316L

In this study, a laser additive manufacturing method, known as selective laser melting (SLM), was applied to produce cube blocks of 316L stainless steel. The microstructure and corrosion properties of the produced samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization testing, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results were also compared with the properties of a conventional wrought 316L stainless steel sample. The microstructural studies showed that the SLM-manufactured samples have a regular network of melt pools containing austenite grains along with elongated or equiaxed cellular sub-grains. The potentiodynamic polarization results depicted that the SLM fabricated samples had higher positive pitting potential and a wider passivation range than those of the wrought sample, corresponding to their better corrosion resistance. However, the SLM fabricated samples showed a weaker re-passivation property, which possibly is attributed to the presence of preexisting porosities in the structure of the SLM sample formed during the fabrication process. The EIS data also confirmed a larger capacitive arc for the SLM fabricated samples than its wrought counterpart, indicating a higher charge transfer impedance and a better corrosion resistance.
BV Solutions of the One-dimensional Perona-Malik Equation

We consider the one-dimensional Perona-Malik equation of nonlinear diffusion. The Perona-Malik equation was originally proposed in the two-space dimensional case for problems related to edge detection and image segmentation in computer vision. The one-dimensional form considered here is a relevant tool in the framework of nonlinear filtering of signals. In any case the PeronaMalik equation is a formally ill-posed parabolic equation for which, however, stable numerical schemes do exist. In order to explain this paradoxical situation Kichenassamy suggested [7] a suitable notion of generalized solutions. These are discontinuous functions, and have to be understood in the sense of measures. The definition suggested in [7] aims to overcome the consequent difficulties due to the non-linear character of the equation. The present paper gives a constructive proof of the existence of global generalized solutions of the Perona-Malik equation in the sense of [7]. They are functions of bounded variation and the constructive structure of the proof confirms the link between the definition of generalized solutions and the behaviour of the most common numerical schemes. AMS Subject Classification: 45L05, 68U10, 65M05, 65M10
Evaluation of dacarbazine cytological effects by using bee glue (propolis) in vitro to manifest the scientific miracles in the Quran

The aimed of the present study to assess the potential therapeutic effect of propolis treatment Which is a natural bee products and it has a healing properties compared to treatment with a dacarbazine(DTIC) as one of the drugs used in the treatment of many tumors cells in vitro . Breast cancer cell lines were used in vitro studies, they were divided into four main groups, control. Propolis treated group, that farther divided into three sub-groups and received propolis in a concentrations of 50μg/ml , 100μg/ml , 200μg/ml. Dacarbazine treated group, that divided into three subgroups and received dacarbazine in a concentrations of 50μg/ml , 100μg/ml , 200μg/ml. The 4 th group that received the dual treatment of dacarbazine and propolis in the same concentrations as the 2 nd and 3 rd groups. All groups were investigated after inculpation for 48 and 72 hours. It could be concluded the protective effects of propolis against the adverse effects of dacarbazine. It could be recommended to use the propolis as adjuvant with chemotherapeutic agents. [Lina Abdul-Fattah Kurdi, Fatimah Aliyan Aljeddani. Evaluation of dacarbazine cytological effects by using bee glue (propolis) in vitro to manifest the scientific miracles in the Quran. Life Sci J 2016;13(7):109-126]. ISSN: 1097-8135 (Print) / ISSN: 2372-613X (Online). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 14. doi:10.7537/marslsj130716.14.
SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ KNOWLEDGE OF THE STANDARD DEVIATION CONCEPT

In this research, we investigate teachers’ statistical knowledge in relation to one measure of statistical dispersion, standard deviation. Twelve Quebec secondary school mathematics teachers were invited to respond to scenarios describing students’ strategies, solutions and alternative conceptions when presented with a task based on this concept. The teachers’ responses primarily helped us analyze their comprehension and practices associated with the concept of standard deviation and gain insight into how to teach this concept. Secondly, in this study we found similarities between the teachers in our study’s conception of standard deviation and those commonly observed of students.
EVALUATION OF INFLUENCE ON LATERAL SPREADING DISPLACEMENT DEMAND FOR ADJACENT BRIDGES

Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading has been a major cause of damage to bridges and waterfront infrastructure in past earthquakes (Idriss and Boulanger 2008). The underlying mechanics of the lateral spreading phenomenon are difficult to fully capture during foundation design, owing to the complexity of the phenomenon itself and the challenges associated with specifying accurate constitutive model parameters and executing dynamic numerical analyses. Rather, foundation designers desire simple yet effective equivalentstatic analysis tools for addressing seismic issues such as lateral spreading on routine projects.
Synchronous Growth Releases in Peatland Pine Chronologies as an Indicator for Regional Climate Dynamics—A Multi-Site Study Including Estonia, Belarus and Sweden

Fourteen tree-ring chronologies developed from 788 peatland Scots pines sampled at sites in Estonia, Belarus and Sweden were compared for common growth trends and possible links to regional climate dynamics. Several synchronous growth release events were detected, especially during the 1910s, 1930s, and around 1970 and 1990, indicating that hydrological shifts and associated tree growth responses have been governed by similar forcing mechanisms, at least during the 20th century. In general, the best agreements were observed between the tree populations from Estonia and Belarus, but synchronous growth changes could also be detected between the Swedish and Estonian material. Trends detected in single tree-ring chronologies may be linked to local peatland management or land-use changes, whereas common variations detected at multiple sites are more likely linked to hydrological changes in the peatlands associated with regional climate dynamics. Understanding the links between climate and processes that involve peatland hydrology and vegetation responses is important since peatland ecosystems are key players in the global carbon cycle.
DOES HIGH FEES MATTER? EVIDENCE FROM THAI MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY

In this study, a universal question raised by mutual fund investors– “Does high fees matter? ”– is answered. Three evidence are documented. First, the superior mutual fund performances are not reflected in higher fees. Second, the association between mutual fund and commercial bank affects both performances and fee in that the different type of mutual funds –bankrelated and non-bank-related funds– charge different fees pertaining different performances. Last, the performances of higher fees charged funds –non-bank-related funds– are similar to those of bank-related fund consistent with the informational advantage hypothesis. Bankrelated fund has lower fees observed as lower expense ratio owed to cost benefit from economies of scale. This implies a higher fee paid to mutual funds does not guarantee a superior performance.
DETECTION OF DENGUE DISEASE BY USING MEMS BIOSENSOR

Micro-Electro-Mechanical (MEMS) is a fast technology that carried different ideas in the fields like biomedical. MEMS got many applications in biomedical. Dengue is a breakborne fever disease which is caused by dengue virus.This can be detected using MEMS bio-sensor. In this paper we use cantilever mechanism for the early stage detection of the disease. Here we use antibodies that are the bio-elements in the biosensor. The cantilever simulation result includes displacement and capacitance measurement which is the best method for dengue detection. Based on the amount of the displacement we can identify the severity of the disease.