Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphometric and Histomorphometric Evaluations of High-Purity Macro/Microporous β-TCP in Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation

Background: The present study examined the effectiveness of high-purity macro/microporous beta-tricalcium phosphate (HPMM β-TCP) as a bone grafting material for maxillary sinus floor elevation by morphometric and histopathological, histomorphometric evaluations.Methods: Ten maxillary sinus ﬂoor elevation procedures using 100% HPMM β-TCP were performed on 10 patients. Morphometric evaluation was carried out by CT imaging immediately after augmentation and prior to dental implant placement after 7 months.Histopathological and histomorphometric evaluation were carried out by bone biopsy retrieval at the time of dental implant placement 7 months after sinus floor elevation. Results: All 10 sinus floor elevations were successful. Morphometric evaluation by CT images showed that the vertical height and the volume gained by sinus floor elevation decreased 7 months after surgery. Histopathological evaluation by bone biopsy retrieval specimens showed no signs of inﬂammation at the newly formed bone area and the native alveolar bone area. New bone formation was observed at the cranial side from the native alveolar bone. The newly formed bone had a trabecular structure and was in intimate contact with the HPMM β-TCP material. Histomorphometric evaluation by bone biopsy retrieval specimens revealed an average new bone volume of 33.97%±2.79% and an average residual HPMM β-TCP volume of 15.81%±4.52%. Conclusions: In this study, HPMM β-TCP showed the osteoconductive properties for vertical augmentation of the atrophied maxilla by means of a maxillary sinus ﬂoor elevation procedure allowing subsequent dental implant placement after a 7-month healing period.
Evaluation of portable XRF instrumentation for assessing potential environmental exposure to toxic elements

ABSTRACT Portable instruments based on X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) have the potential to assist in field-based studies, provided that the data produced are reliable. In this study, we evaluate the performance of two different types of XRF instrument (XOS prototype and Thermo Niton XL3t). These two XRF analysers were evaluated in a laboratory setting, and data were reported for 17 elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn). Samples analysed (n = 38) included ethnic herbal medicine products (HMPs), ethnic spices (ES), and cosmetic products (CPs). Comparison analyses were carried out using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). In general, results reported for Cd, Cu, and Pb by the XOS prototype analyser, using the non-metal mode, were negatively biased (5–95%) as compared to ICP-OES. In contrast, results reported for Pb, As, Cd, Cu and Zn by the Niton, using the soil mode, were positively biased, in some instances (Cd) by up to four orders of magnitude. While the sensitivity of both instruments was insufficient for reliably ‘quantifying’ toxic elements below 15 mg/kg, XRF was still capable of positively ‘detecting’ many elements at the low single-digit mg/kg levels. For semi-quantification estimates of contaminants at higher levels, and with limited sample preparation, both XRF instruments were deemed fit for the purpose. This study demonstrates that modern XRF instrumentation is valuable for characterising the elemental content of food, cosmetic, and medicinal products. The technology is particularly useful for rapidly screening large numbers of products (100’s per day) in the field, and quickly identifying those that may contain potentially hazardous levels of toxic elements. Toxic elements can be confirmed by examining the raw spectrum, and the limitations of factory-based calibration are generally manageable for field-based studies.
Hydraulic- and Microprocessor-Controlled Ankle-Foot Prostheses for Limited Community Ambulators with Unilateral Transtibial Amputation: Pilot Study

ABSTRACT Introduction In the United States, access to microprocessor-controlled prosthetic ankles is limited to patients with lower-limb loss classified as unlimited community ambulators or greater. However, the potential benefits of these devices have not been evaluated among patients classified as household or limited community ambulators. This study examined the benefit of hydraulic- and microprocessor-controlled prosthetic ankles for patients classified as limited community ambulators. Materials and Methods Four different treatment configurations were evaluated using a randomized crossover study design. These four configurations included the participant's current flexible keel (FK) prosthetic foot, an energy-storage-and-return foot (ESAR), a hydraulic ankle (HA), and a microprocessor ankle (MPA). After a 2-week accommodation period, both patient-reported and performance-based outcome measures were recorded for each ankle foot system. A StepWatch activity monitor and two-dimensional video motion analysis were also used to evaluate each system. Results A single participant meeting the inclusion criteria was recruited. The patient-reported mobility and socket fit instruments were greatest with the HA system. When assessed on slopes and stairs, the MPA demonstrated benefits on hill ascent and stair descent. In considering the walking speed and perceived exertion jointly, the HA system allowed similar walking speed but lower exertion compared with fixed-ankle systems. The patient-reported low back pain and balance confidence instruments did not provide useful data for interpretation. Two-dimensional video motion analysis showed that the HA and MPA contributed to improved ankle and knee postures when ascending and descending a slope. The step activity data showed the greatest activity with the HA. Discussion The results from the outcome measures showed a varying level of benefit across all four of the treatment configurations. Both the HA and MPA had favorable scores in varying performance-based outcome measures, but the HA scored the most favorable in a majority of the patient-reported outcome measures. Conclusion The results show varying benefits of the microprocessor- and hydraulic-controlled prosthetic components over fixed-ankle ESAR and FK feet, based on both performance-based and patient-reported outcome measures. Further studies are needed to fully evaluate these benefits in larger sample sizes.
The Impact of Rural-Urban Economic Disparities on Terrorist Organizations’ Survival and Attacks

ABSTRACT This study investigates the influence of rural-urban economic disparities on the survival and tactical choices of resident terrorist groups. These disparities inflame social and ethnic group grievances and erode the state’s capacity to police its rural hinterlands, thereby motivating support for terrorists and providing resident terrorist groups with the ability to attack with impunity. Based on the Extended Data on Terrorist Groups (EDTG), survival analysis shows that rural-urban disparities foster terrorist group survival. Other empirical methods – negative binomial regressions and competing risk analysis – indicate how rural-urban disparities and other controls affect resident terrorist groups’ campaigns and prospects. With mediation tests, rural-urban inequalities are shown to benefit terrorist groups by increasing social group grievances and by limiting host state’s control over territory.
Design and control of a cable-driven rehabilitation robot for upper and lower limbs

Abstract The design and control of a cable-driven rehabilitation robot, which can be configured easily for exercising different articulations such as elbows, shoulders, hips, knees and ankles without requiring any orthosis, are introduced. The passive, active-assisted and active-resisted exercises were designed and implemented using impedance control. The controller could switch between exercises according to the force feedback. The effectiveness of the proposed controller was demonstrated by experimental studies. The robot was tested first with a dummy extremity and then with a healthy subject mimicking various types of patients during the tests. Experimental results showed that satisfactory closed-loop performances were achieved.
Research on Prediction of Movable Fluid Percentage in Unconventional Reservoir Based on Deep Learning

In order to improve the measurement speed and prediction accuracy of unconventional reservoir parameters, the deep neural network (DNN) is used to predict movable fluid percentage of unconventional reservoirs. The Adam optimizer is used in the DNN model to ensure the stability and accuracy of the model in the gradient descent process, and the prediction effect is compared with the back propagation neural network (BPNN), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and support vector regression model (SVR). During network training, L2 regularization is used to avoid over-fitting and improve the generalization ability of the model. Taking nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T2 spectrum data of laboratory unconventional core as input features, the influence of model hyperparameters on the prediction accuracy of reservoir movable fluids is also experimentally analyzed. Experimental results show that, compared with BPNN, KNN, and SVR, the deep neural network model has a better prediction effect on movable fluid percentage of unconventional reservoirs; when the model depth is five layers, the prediction accuracy of movable fluid percentage reaches the highest value, the predicted value of the DNN model is in high agreement with the laboratory measured value. Therefore, the movable fluid percentage prediction model of unconventional oil reservoirs based on the deep neural network model can provide certain guidance for the intelligent development of the laboratory’s reservoir parameter measurement.
Measuring risk spillover effects on dry bulk shipping market: a value-at-risk approach

ABSTRACT This paper adopts a simple but valid value-at-risk (VaR) approach to measuring the risk in the dry bulk shipping market by means of Baltic Dry Index (BDI). To have a better understanding of the risk in the dry bulk shipping market, this paper uses the stock market and the crude oil market as two reference markets. Available rich datasets enable a non-parametric historical simulation experiment on the risk in the dry bulk shipping market. The bellwether phenomenon in the dry bulk shipping market is explored both qualitatively and quantitatively. The experiment indicates that the dry bulk shipping market becomes the riskiest one among the aforementioned markets after the Subprime Mortgage Crisis that started in the USA in the early 2008. Furthermore, this paper identifies the information transmission mechanisms between the dry bulk shipping market and the reference markets by employing a multivariate quantile model and an impulse-response method, and explores and compares risk spillover effects of the global stock market and the crude oil market on the dry bulk shipping market before and after the financial crisis. Results reveal that spillover effects between the referred markets change after the Subprime Mortgage Crisis in terms of intensity.
Evaluating the Effect of Amine-geldanamycin Hybrids on Antiviral Activity against Influenza Virus

Aims: The purpose of this study was to synthesis novel amine-geldanamycin hybrids (AGH) and evaluate their biological properties. Study Design: Experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Microbiology and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, from December 2019 November 2020. Methodology: Three new amine-geldanamycin hybrids (AGH); compounds 2 to 4 were synthesised by nucleophilic substitution of geldanamycin (1). The solubility, cytotoxicity, antiviral activity and molecular docking analyses were carried out. Results: The solubility of AGH in water was 1.918-5.571 mM, higher than that of compound 1. Compound 2 exhibited weak cytotoxicity activity against Vero and LLC-MK2 cells, with IC50 values Original Research Article Taechowisan et al.; JPRI, 33(22B): 71-82, 2021; Article no.JPRI. 66964 72 of 229.19 and 330.58 μg/ml, respectively. All compounds inhibited influenza virus propagation in embryonated chicken eggs at the lowest amount of 1.25 μg per egg. They interacted positively with Hsp90, showing a binding free energy (G) of -112.00 to -116.34 kcal/mol, which indicated lower Hsp90 affinity compared with that of geldanamycin (-133.06 kcal/mol) and 17-dimethylamino ethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (-136.55 kcal/mol), despite being bound in the similar active site. For the viral absorption, only AGH inhibited hemagglutination at a concentration of 25 μg/ml. Conclusion: The study findings revealed, through molecular docking analysis, that the development of AGH improved the antiviral activity. The AGH inhibited not only influenza virus propagation, but also viral absorption. Therefore, AGH could be considered a new choice for antiviral agents.
Analysing the Effect of Financial Risk Perception, Risk Tolerance on Investment Behaviour: An Empirical Analysis

Investment decision making is a complex process that depends on several factors that vary from one individual to another. Regardless of the type of decision that is made in life, people behave differently. To distinguish between risk tolerance and risk perception, we must first define risk. Risk is, of course, uncertainty about the result. Any decision that casts doubt on at least one of the possible outcomes is risky. Perception is the assessment of a level of risk which usually involves an understanding of the situation, that is, there is an explanation for objective reality. Risk tolerance is the level at which an individual is willing to accept the risks associated with investments. This paper determines the relation between risk perception, risk tolerance and investment behaviour using inferential statistical analysis and draws the conclusions from the obtained results.
Design of a 24×24 SPAD imager for multi-photon coincidence-detection in super resolution microscopy

Microscopy resolution below the diffraction limit can be achieved by exploiting quantum light properties. NitrogenVacancy (NV) color centers in diamond, dye molecules and quantum dots are examples of single-photon emitters, whose antibunching property allows super-resolution imaging through the measurement of high-order autocorrelation functions. In this work, we present a novel Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) array architecture optimized for n-fold photon coincidence counting, in each point across the whole sensitive area. It is implemented in a 160 nm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) technology, and it includes 24 × 24 SPAD pixels with 50-μm pixel pitch and 10-μm SPAD diameter. Multi-photon coincidences (within time windows ranging from 2 ns to 500 ns) are identified by post-processing of the in-pixel timing data. Given the expected low photon rate on the detector in quantum imaging applications, on-chip logic discards unwanted information to limit readout throughput and data storage. In fact, reading the whole array would take 3 µs, while skipping rows detecting no photon reduces the readout time to 240 ns in case of no photon detected over the entire array. Moreover, we implemented a multi-gate approach, which avoids halting the array during readout, thus enabling multiple data acquisitions. Thanks to these power-saving expedients and efficient readout, the architecture is scalable towards multiple modules, such as 48 × 48 or 96 × 96-pixel arrays. Finally, it features the possibility of being coupled with a micro-lens array to reach a 78% equivalent fill-factor.
The effect of dry demineralized whey (DDW) and coconut oil on the rheological characteristics of the legume butter

This article reveals the possibility of using legume butter to obtain a new combined product of increased quality. The technology of model compositions of finishing semi-finished products, in particular, confectionery legume butter with DDW, has been developed. The results of a study on optimizing the recipe composition of finishing semi-finished products made it possible to develop this technology of multifunctional confectionery butter with the desired (specified) organoleptic and structural and mechanical properties. The analysis of the formation of the structure of legume butter of oppositely directed processes in the enzymatic destruction of the residual cellular structure and spontaneous aggregation of protein particles into the spatial structure due to gradual dehydration of the system was carried out. It is noted that sugar plays the role of a plasticizer, reducing the rate of gelatinization of starch while reducing the viscosity peak. The use of dry demineralized whey (DDW) in legume butter technologies contributes to the formation of a stronger structure of the protein component and the development of a spatial structure, which gives it certain structural and mechanical properties. Three main directions of technological use of confectionery butter were established, which are based on structural characteristics of consistency: 1 – confectionery butter used to cover confectionery products and as a layer for them (CP – Confectionery Products), where the main indicator of consistency is extensibility; 2 – confectionery butter used for making flowers, as a decorative element for flour confectionery (SC – Sugar Confectionery)), where the main indicator of consistency is an equivalent ratio of extensibility and forming ability; 3 – confectionery butter used for modeling shaped products, as a decorative element for flour confectionery products, where the main indicator of consistency is the forming ability. The results of studies of the rheological characteristics of legume butter with dry demineralized whey (DDW) and coconut oil are presented. It was ascertained that DDW and coconut oil lead to changes in the state of legume butter, changing the values of rheological characteristics. The rational content of DDW and coconut oil in the composition of legume butter while ensuring high functional and technological properties was proved. The optimal ratios of components of the developed legume butter were mathematically grounded.
Quantification of Ionospheric Perturbations From Lightning Using Overlapping Paths of VLF Signal Propagation

Lightning induced perturbations of the lower ionosphere are investigated with very low frequency (VLF) remote sensing on a unique overlapping propagation path geometry. The signals from two VLF transmitters (at different frequencies) are observed at a single receiver after propagation through a common channel in the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide. This measurement diversity allows for greater certainty in quantification of perturbations to the ionospheric D region. Changes in amplitude and phase are modeled with the Long Wave Propagation Capability (LWPC) software package to quantify changes in reference height and steepness of the two parameter D region electron density model. Since the nighttime D region profile prior to the perturbation is found to strongly affect the resulting quantification, and is highly variable and generally unknown at nighttime, an error minimization method for identifying the most likely ionospheric disturbance independent of the ambient profile is used. Analysis of 12 large lightning perturbations resulting from discharges with peak currents greater than 160 kA shows that the ionospheric reference height can change by 2–8 km. We investigate both early/fast events (direct ionization and heating from lightning) and lightning‐induced electron precipitation (LEP) events, induced by lightning hundreds of kilometer away. LEP events increase D region electron density while early/fast events can lead to a increase or decrease in electron density. Multi‐point observations along a VLF propagation path are needed to further improve ionospheric perturbation quantification with VLF remote sensing.
On Their Own? The Work-Related Social Interactions and Turnover of New Teachers

Work-related social interactions are key to the effectiveness and retention of new teachers, yet little research has examined changes in these networks over time. Using longitudinal social network data from 14 elementary schools, this study explores new teachers’ instructional advice interactions with their colleagues. Results suggest that new teachers are relatively peripheral to their schools’ networks, maintain similar advice-seeking patterns as their early careers progress, and that new teachers’ advice-seeking predicts leaving their schools or teaching the following year. These findings have implications for efforts to support new teachers’ collegial interactions and retention.
Using guided notes to support learning in first-year calculus

This research explores the use of guided notes in a post-secondary calculus course and the extent to which use enhanced students’ success in a first year calculus course. Guided notes have been previously shown to be perceived as helpful to learning by students, and one study showed that the use of guided notes improved pass rates in a first year college algebra course. Using an experimental design, our results show that guided notes improved outcomes for students when compared to a control group that did not use guided notes–logistic regression modelling found evidence that guided notes, mathematical aptitude and gender (male) were associated with a higher probability of a student successfully completing the course. No significant interactions between guided notes and gender was observed. Implications for further research and practitioners are included.
Reconsideration of multi-stage deep network for human pose estimation

ABSTRACT Estimating human pose is a difficult task due to the high flexibility of joints and possible occlusion. In this paper, the proposed architecture efficiently predicts human pose and solves the preceding problem. The proposed framework has three main consecutive parts: (1) Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) based feature extraction, (2) feature refinement, and (3) the fusion of detection and context information. During the feature extraction phase, we have proposed a fusion of two DCNN modules, which have been inspired by VGG-19 and Inception-v4 deep learning architectures. In the feature refinement, a cascaded feature integration technique has been proposed over the stacked hourglass, to make the system efficiently locate the challenging joints. At last, a fusion of context information with the detected prediction is performed, which makes the system accurate towards occlusion. In this way, poses with difficult joint coordinates can be reliably estimated even in the presence of occlusion or severe distracting factors. The successful testing of the proposed method has been done on popular MPII and LSP datasets. Based on the experimental results and the analysis of the selected datasets, it is found that the proposed framework is more accurate compared to other state-of-the-art methods in terms of the PCK metric.
EmoDescriptor: A hybrid feature for emotional classification in dance movements

Similar to language and music, dance performances provide an effective way to express human emotions. With the abundance of the motion capture data, content‐based motion retrieval and classification have been fiercely investigated. Although researchers attempt to interpret body language in terms of human emotions, the progress is limited by the scarce 3D motion database annotated with emotion labels. This article proposes a hybrid feature for emotional classification in dance performances. The hybrid feature is composed of an explicit feature and a deep feature. The explicit feature is calculated based on the Laban movement analysis, which considers the body, effort, shape, and space properties. The deep feature is obtained from latent representation through a 1D convolutional autoencoder. Eventually, we present an elaborate feature fusion network to attain the hybrid feature that is almost linearly separable. The abundant experiments demonstrate that our hybrid feature is superior to the separate features for the emotional classification in dance performances.