Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Characterization of Individual Components of the Allochromatium vinosum DsrMKJOP Transmembrane Complex Aids Understanding of Complex Function In Vivo

ABSTRACT The DsrMKJOP transmembrane complex has a most important function in dissimilatory sulfur metabolism and consists of cytoplasmic, periplasmic, and membrane integral proteins carrying FeS centers and b- and c-type cytochromes as cofactors. In this study, the complex was isolated from the purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum and individual components were characterized as recombinant proteins. The two integral membrane proteins DsrM and DsrP were successfully produced in Escherichia coli C43(DE3) and C41(DE3), respectively. DsrM was identified as a diheme cytochrome b, and the two hemes were found to be in low-spin state. Their midpoint redox potentials were determined to be +60 and +110 mV. Although no hemes were predicted for DsrP, it was also clearly identified as a b-type cytochrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that heme binding has been experimentally proven for a member of the NrfD protein family. Both cytochromes were partly reduced after addition of a menaquinol analogue, suggesting interaction with quinones in vivo. DsrO and DsrK were both experimentally proven to be FeS-containing proteins. In addition, DsrK was shown to be membrane associated, and we propose a monotopic membrane anchoring for this protein. Coelution assays provide support for the proposed interaction of DsrK with the soluble cytoplasmic protein DsrC, which might be its substrate. A model for the function of DsrMKJOP in the purple sulfur bacterium A. vinosum is presented.
A method of design Ka-band E-faced-folded compact waveguide magic-T junction

A method of design Ka-band E-faced-folded compact waveguide magic-T junction is presented. The design implements a stepped conducting cylinder to obtain the excellent performance. The results show that the return loss of the magic-T junction is less than -20 dB and the average insertion loss is more than -0.1dB in the 4GHz frequency bandwidth. The E-H and 1-2 port isolations are less than -25dB. In addition, the absolute value of the amplitude and the phase imbalance is less than 0.002dB and 0.1°.
Optimal Income Taxation with Unemployment and Wage Responses: A Sufficient Statistics Approach

We derive a sufficient statistics tax formula in a model that incorporates unemployment and endogenous wages to study the shape of the optimal income tax. Key sufficient statistics are the macro employment response to taxation, the micro and macro participation response to taxation, and the wage-moderating effect of tax progressivity. We empirically implement the tax formula by estimating the micro and macro elasticities using policy variation from the United States. Our results suggest that the optimal tax more closely resembles a negative income tax than an earned income tax credit relative to the case where unemployment and wage responses are ignored. (JEL E24, H21, H23, H24, H31, J22, J31)
Cardiovascular Complications of Eating Disorders

Eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia) are associated with the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder. Much of this mortality and morbidity stem from cardiovascular complications such as arrhythmia related to a prolonged QTc interval and/or electrolyte disorders, hypotension, and bradycardia. Structurally, the heart in patients with eating disorders is atrophic, which may relate to longstanding hypovolemia. These patients have low cardiac output and demonstrate increased peripheral vascular resistance despite the presence of hypotension. The treatment of eating disorders is incremental caloric feeding, which can have its own intrinsic cardiovascular risk (refeeding syndrome) manifested by arrhythmia, tachycardia, congestive heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. Patients will require close monitoring and slower refeedings to minimize the risk of these complications.
Application of Orem's theory of self-care: a case study.

This case study research was conducted while caring for a gerontological patient in the community nursing setting. The purpose was to identify facilitators and inhibitors to clinical application of Orem's theory of self-care. A facilitator was defined as a factor that aided theory use, an inhibitor one that deterred it. This article first describes the overview of Orem's theory. Then it presents data collection, a brief nursing history, and the implementation of Orem's theory. Facilitators and inhibitors to theory use are then identified. Finally, recommendations for further research are made. An overview of the theory follows.
GAPDOCK: A genetic algorithm approach to protein docking in CAPRI round 1

As part of the first Critical Assessment of PRotein Interactions, round 1, we predict the structure of two protein–protein complexes, by using a genetic algorithm, GAPDOCK, in combination with surface complementarity, buried surface area, biochemical information, and human intervention. Among the five models submitted for target 1, HPr phosphocarrier protein (B. subtilis) and the hexameric HPr kinase (L. lactis), the best correctly predicts 17 of 52 interprotein contacts, whereas for target 2, bovine rotavirus VP6 protein‐monoclonal antibody, the best model predicts 27 of 52 correct contacts. Given the difficult nature of the targets, these predictions are very encouraging and compare well with those obtained by other methods. Nevertheless, it is clear that there is a need for improved methods for distinguishing between “correct” and “plausible but incorrect” complexes. Proteins 2003;52:10–14. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Procrastinator: pacing mobile apps' usage of the network

Generations of computer programmers are taught to prefetch network objects in computer science classes. In practice, prefetching can be harmful to the user's wallet when she is on a limited or pay-per-byte cellular data plan. Many popular, professionally-written smartphone apps today prefetch large amounts of network data that the typical user may never use. We present Procrastinator, which automatically decides when to fetch each network object that an app requests. This decision is made based on whether the user is on Wi-Fi or cellular, how many bytes are remaining on the user's data plan, and whether the object is needed at the present time. Procrastinator does not require app developer effort, nor app source code, nor OS changes -- it modifies the app binary to trap specific system calls and inject custom code. Our system can achieve as little as no savings to 4X reduction in total bytes transferred by an app, depending on the user and the app. These savings for the data-poor user come with a 300ms median latency penalty on LTE.
Analysis of liquid steel flow in a multi-strand tundish using numerical methods

P. Warzecha, M. Warzecha: Department of Metals Extraction and Recirculation, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland T. Merder: Silesian University of Technology, Department of Metallurgy, Katowice, Poland The article presents the results of liquid steel flow and mixing in tundish when applying turbulence inhibitor to modernize the tundish working zone. The flow of six-strand continuous casting tundish of a trough-type was investigated with numerical modeling. For turbulence modeling, the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation and the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) methods have been used. Numerical simulations are carried out with the finitevolume commercial code AnsysFluent.
A Delta-Sigma ADC with Stochastic Quantization

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Concerning the possibilities of successional changes revealing in anthropogenically transformed ecosystems on the base of remote sensing and ground-based survey data integration

The districts of Samara region are characterized by specific combination of orographic structure, hydrological regimes, soil and vegetation cover features, combined with a high level of anthropogenic pressure. The revealing of negative changes associated with the anthropogenic exploitation regimes incliding salinization and waterlogging after irrigation, soil erosion, transformation of non-cultivated fields into deposits, overgrowing of old quarries etc. seems to be a difficult task when carrying out by ground-based studies related to a large-scale land resources of the region. The use of remote sensing data, resulted by a time series of images for the same territory, opens up wide opportunities, on condition that the regional ground-based standardization is carried out.
Potential Applications of Certain Nickel-Titanium (Nitinol) Alloys

The mechanical behavior ("shape memory") associated with martensitic solid-state transformation in nearly equiatomic Ni-Ti alloy (55-Nitinol) has been studied. Potential dental and medical applications for 55-Nitinol (~55% Ni, 1.5% Co, balance Ti, by weight) and for 60-Nitinol (~60% Ni, by weight) have been suggested.
The Impact of Personalized Prenotification on Response Rates to an Electronic Survey

The purpose of this post-hoc investigation was to determine the difference in response rates between respondents who received personalized prenotification prior to receiving an electronic survey and those who did not. An electronic survey was e-mailed to 236 program directors or other designated individuals from nurse practitioner (NP) programs around the United States. Seventy six percent of the NP program directors were personally contacted about the survey in advance, and 97.5% agreed to participate. The remaining 24% were sent e-mails with a link to the survey without prenotification. Response rates for those in the prenotification group who had agreed to participate versus those who did not receive prenotification were 49% and 45%, respectively. Personalized prenotification did not affect the electronic survey response rates. Electronic research methodology offers a unique opportunity to potentially survey an entire population (e.g., nursing faculty), thus further investigation regarding factors associated with electronic survey response rates and ways to improve these rates is warranted.
Quantification of arterial plaque and lumen density with MDCT.

PURPOSE This study aimed to derive a mathematical correction function in order to normalize the CT number measurements for small volume arterial plaque and small vessel mimicking objects, imaged with multidetector CT (MDCT). METHODS A commercially available calcium plaque phantom (QRM GmbH, Moehrendorf, Germany) and a custom built cardiovascular phantom were scanned with 320 and 64 MDCT scanners. The calcium hydroxyapatite plaque phantom contained objects 0.5-5.0 mm in diameter with known CT attenuation nominal values ranging 50-800 HU. The cardiovascular phantom contained vessel mimicking objects 1.0-5.0 mm in diameter with different contrast media. Both phantoms were scanned using clinical protocols for CT angiography and images were reconstructed with different filter kernels. The measured CT number (HU) and diameter of each object were analyzed on three clinical postprocessing workstations. From the resultant data, a mathematical formula was derived based on absorption function exp(--micro.-d) to demonstrate the relation between measured CT numbers and object diameters. RESULTS The percentage reduction in measured CT number (HU) for the group of selected filter kernels, apparent during CT angiography, is dependent only on the object size (plaque or vessel diameter). The derived formula of the form 1-c. -exp(-a.-d--b) showed reduction in CT number for objects between 0.5 and 5 mm in diameter, with asymptote reaching background noise for small objects with diameters nearing the CT in-plane resolution (0.35 mm). No reduction was observed for the objects with diameters equal or larger than 5 mm. CONCLUSIONS A clear mathematical relationship exists between object diameter and reduction in measured CT number in HU. This function is independent of exposure parameters and inherent attenuation properties of the objects studied. Future developments include the incorporation of this mathematical model function into quantification software in order to automatically generate a true assessment of measured CT number (HU) corresponding to plaque physical density rho (g/cm(3)). This is a significant development for the accurate, noninvasive classification of noncalcified arterial plaque.
Pharmacologic Wnt Inhibition Reduces Proliferation, Survival, and Clonogenicity of Glioblastoma Cells

Abstract Wingless (Wnt) signaling is an important pathway in gliomagenesis and in the growth of stem-like glioma cells. Using immunohistochemistry to assess the translocation of &bgr;-catenin protein, we identified intranuclear staining suggesting Wnt pathway activation in 8 of 43 surgical samples (19%) from adult patients with glioblastoma and in 9 of 30 surgical samples (30%) from pediatric patients with glioblastoma. Wnt activity, evidenced by nuclear &bgr;-catenin in our cohort and high expression of its target AXIN2 (axis inhibitor protein 2) in published glioma datasets, was associated with shorter patient survival, although this was not statistically significant. We determined the effects of the porcupine inhibitor LGK974 on 3 glioblastoma cell lines with elevated AXIN2 and found that it reduced Wnt pathway activity by 50% or more, as assessed by T-cell factor luciferase reporters. Wnt inhibition led to suppression of growth, proliferation in cultures, and modest induction of cell death. LGK974 reduced NANOG messenger RNA levels and the fraction of cells expressing the stem cell marker CD133 in neurosphere cultures, induced glial differentiation, and suppressed clonogenicity. These data indicate that LGK974 is a promising new agent that can inhibit the canonical Wnt pathway in vitro, slow tumor growth, and deplete stem-like clonogenic cells, thereby providing further support for targeting Wnt in patients with glioblastoma.
Reliability and sensitivity of jerk-cost measurement for evaluating irregularity of chewing jaw movements

Rate of change in movement acceleration (jerk) is a universally accepted quantity to evaluate irregularities of human limb and eye movements. This study was aimed to attest reliability of the jerk measurement of masticatory jaw movements and to identify its sensitivity to discriminate between movements performed with the presence of varied occlusal interference. Jaw movements during gum chewing were recorded with a 3D tracking device. Twelve adult subjects participated in the experiments. For five subjects, normalized jerk-costs (NJC) during jaw closing were compared between those measured on two separate occasions. For seven subjects, the NJCs during closing were compared with those measured with/without introduction of four different types of occlusal interference. The NJCs did not differ significantly between the two recording occasions. The interference at the canine tooth induced greater increase in the NJCs than that at the molar tooth. The comparison between repeated measures revealed reproducibility of the NJCs. In addition, the NJC was shown to be capable of discriminating between irregularities of the movements induced by occlusal interference at the canine and molar tooth sites. These findings suggest that the NJC is a valid indicator of masticatory jaw movement irregularity induced by disturbances of full intercuspation between upper and lower teeth.
Distribution of Amikacin in Serum, Muscle, and Fat in Children After a Single Intramuscular Injection

Amikacin concentrations in serum, muscle, and fat were determined in 41 children after intramuscular administration of 7.5 mg/kg of body weight. At 1.5 h amikacin reached peak concentrations in serum (mean value, 14.9 μg/ml) as well as in muscle (2.2 μg/g) and fat (1.89 μg/g) tissue; from then on all concentrations declined. Amikacin concentrations exceeded 1 μg/g in muscle for at least 3 h and in fat for at least 4 h.
Thermodynamic and cloud parameter retrieval using infrared spectral data

High‐resolution infrared radiance spectra obtained from near nadir observations provide atmospheric, surface, and cloud property information. A fast radiative transfer model, including cloud effects, is used for atmospheric profile and cloud parameter retrieval. The retrieval algorithm is presented along with its application to recent field experiment data from the NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed – Interferometer (NAST‐I). The retrieval accuracy dependence on cloud properties is discussed. It is shown that relatively accurate temperature and moisture retrievals can be achieved below optically thin clouds. For optically thick clouds, accurate temperature and moisture profiles down to cloud top level are obtained. For both optically thin and thick cloud situations, the cloud top height can be retrieved with an accuracy of approximately 1.0 km. Preliminary NAST‐I retrieval results from the recent Atlantic‐THORPEX Regional Campaign (ATReC) are presented and compared with coincident observations obtained from dropsondes and the nadir‐pointing Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL).
Identification and Estimation of Large Network Games with Private Link Information ( Preliminary and Incomplete )

We study the identification and estimation of large network games where each individual (node) holds private information about its links and payoffs. Extending the pioneering work in Galeotti, Goyal, Jackson, Vega-Redondo and Yariv (2010), we build a tractable empirical model of network games where the nodes are heterogenous with such private information, and characterize its unique, symmetric pure-strategy Bayesian Nash equilibrium. We then show that the parameters in individual payoffs are identified under “large market” asymptotics, whereby the number of individuals increases to infinity in a fixed and small number of networks. We also propose a two-step estimator for individual payoffs. Our method is distribution-free in that it does not require parametrization of the distribution of shocks in individual payoffs. Department of Economics, Rice University, Houston, Texas. Email: eraslan@rice.edu. Department of Economics, Rice University, Houston, Texas. Email: xun.tang@rice.edu
The influence of drill wear on cutting efficiency and heat production during osteotomy preparation for dental implants: a study of drill durability.

PURPOSE The authors evaluated, under conditions simulating implant placement, the cutting efficiency, durability, heat production, and wear of implant drills. MATERIALS AND METHODS Osteotomies were performed on bovine ribs using a surgical unit mounted in a testing apparatus. A software program controlled the apparatus and recorded temperatures, depths, and drilling times. Seven brands of drills were tested (Nobel Biocare, 3i/Implant Innovations, Steri-Oss, Paragon, Implamed, Lifecore, and ITI). Spade, twist, tri-flute, and TiN-coated drill designs were evaluated and compared during 100 successive osteotomies. Scanning electron microscopic and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopic examinations were performed, and hardness was measured. RESULTS Two 2-mm drills (Nobel Biocare and 3i/Implant Innovations) had mean removal rates significantly greater than the others (P < .05). The 2-mm twist drill design with a low hardness (Implamed) exhibited plastic deformation at the cutting edge, loss of cutting efficiency, and drill fracture. The TiN-coated drills (Steri-Oss and Paragon) showed greater wear and significantly lower removal rates (P < .05) than noncoated drills. Temperature increases with different drills were not significantly different at depths of 5 or 15 mm or between 2-mm or 3-mm drills. With 1 exception (the 2.3-mm Paragon drill at a depth of 15 mm), the temperatures generated by the different types of drills were not significantly different. Clinically harmful temperatures were detected only at a depth of 15 mm during 5 osteotomies and coincided with a marked decrease in the rate of drill advancement with a resulting continuous drilling action. DISCUSSION Temperatures generated at depths of 5 and 15 mm by the different drill types and diameters were not significantly different and, with only 5 exceptions, were clinically safe. Several differences between brands were noted in regard to cutting efficiency and durability, underscoring the importance of material selection and quality on drill performance. CONCLUSIONS Drill design, material, and mechanical properties significantly affect cutting efficiency and durability. Coolant availability and temperature were the predominant factors in determining bone temperatures. Implant drills can be used several times without resulting in bone temperatures that are potentially harmful. Continuous drilling in deep osteotomies can produce local temperatures that might be harmful to the bone.
Research on leakage detection and analysis of leakage point in the gas pipeline system

Recently, with large-scale use of natural gas and massive constructions of gas pipelines, more and more public concern is focused on pipeline leakage. The leakage caused by holes on gas pipelines generates economic losses to gas companies and causes risks to the environment and sometimes accidents. In order to detect and locate pipeline rupture immediately, the leakage detection method plays a key role in the overall integrity management in the pipeline system. One of the most important applications of transient simulation is dynamic leakage detection. A leakage detection model and the solution were proposed based on the three conservation laws in hydromechanics and the state equation, which includes transient simulation model and volume balance model. Dynamic parameters involved in the model such as pressure, flow and temperature can be acquired through SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system. By analyzing the factors influencing leakage position, we came to a conclusion that leakage and outlet pressure are more important parameters compared to the coefficient of frictional resistance and pipeline diameter. The more leakage increases, the closer leakage point approaches pipeline outlet. Leakage location is closer to outlet when pipeline outlet pressure becomes bigger. Experiments were also carried out according to leakage percentage.
NorM of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Is an Na+-Driven Multidrug Efflux Pump

ABSTRACT NorM of Vibrio parahaemolyticusapparently is a new type of multidrug efflux protein, with no significant sequence similarity to any known transport proteins. Based on the following experimental results, we conclude that NorM is an Na+-driven Na+/drug antiporter. (i) Energy-dependent ethidium efflux from cells possessing NorM was observed in the presence of Na+ but not of K+. (ii) An artificially imposed, inwardly directed Na+gradient elicited ethidium efflux from cells. (iii) The addition of ethidium to cells loaded with Na+ elicited Na+efflux. Thus, NorM is an Na+/drug antiporting multidrug efflux pump, the first to be found in the biological world. Judging from the similarity of the NorM sequence to those of putative proteins in sequence databases, it seems that Na+/drug antiporters are present not only in V. parahaemolyticus but also in a wide range of other organisms.