Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A nonlocal continuum model for biological aggregations

We construct a continuum model for biological aggregations in which individuals experience long-range social attraction and short-range dispersal. For the case of one spatial dimension, we study the steady states analytically and numerically. There exist strongly nonlinear states with compact support and steep edges that correspond to localized biological aggregations, or clumps. These steady-state clumps are reached through a dynamic coarsening process. In the limit of large population size, the clumps approach a constant density swarm with abrupt edges. We use energy arguments to understand the nonlinear selection of clump solutions, and to predict the internal density in the large population limit. The energy result holds in higher dimensions as well, and is demonstrated via numerical simulations in two dimensions.
U.S. Consumer Demand for Organic Fluid Milk by Fat Content

This study examined consumer demand for organic fluid milk in the current maturing organic market using a nationwide weekly retail scanner data set. An Almost Ideal Demand System in which both organic milk and conventional milk were further decomposed into products with different fat content was estimated. The demand for organic milk was shown to be price elastic. The results also revealed substitutions between organic milk and conventional milk products differing in fat content. The substitution pattern was asymmetric and there was greater movement toward organic milk than back toward conventional milk for the same relative change in price.
Obfuscated Malicious JavaScript Detection by Machine Learning

In recent years, malicious JavaScript code has become more and more pervasive and been used by attackers to perform their attacks on the Web. To evade the detection of defense measures, various kinds of obfuscation techniques have been applied by the malicious script, taking advantage of the dynamic nature of JavaScript language. In this paper, we propose a new machine-learning based detection approach aiming at defeating such evasion attempts. Dynamic execution traces are recorded to capture all behaviors performed by the malicious script, including the dynamic generated code. Semantic-based deobfuscation is used to simplify the traces to get more concise and more essential instructions. None-ordered and none-concessive trace patterns are extracted from the deobfuscated traces to represent the intrinsic features for malicious scripts. We evaluated our approach with a large number of dataset collected from the Internet. The empirical results demonstrate that our approach is able to detect obfuscated malicious JavaScript code both effectively and efficiently.
Plant regeneration from alginate-encapsulated shoot tips of Momordica dioica for short term storage and germplasm exchange and distribution.

An efficient protocol for regeneration of encapsulated shoot tip explants of spine gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb. ex. Willd) has been developed. Shoot tip explants excised from in vivo proliferated shoots were encapsulated in calcium alginate beads. A gelling matrix of 3% sodium alginate and CaCl 2 . 2H 2O was found most suitable for formation of ideal calcium alginate beads. Maximum response (100%) for conversion of encapsulated shoot tip explants into plantlets was obtained on 0.7% agar solidified full-strength MS medium containing 0.5 µM BAP. Encapsulated shoot tips could be stored at low temperature (4°C) up to 10 weeks with a survival frequency of 50%. Well developed regenerated plantlets were hardened, acclimatized and established in field with 90% survival frequency, where they grew well without any detectable variations. The present synthetic seed technology could be useful in large-scale propagation as well as short-term conservation, germplasm distribution and exchange of spine gourd.
Review of optimal design strategies for hybrid electric vehicles

In this last decade, the industry headed in multiple transportation sectors towards hybridization and electrification of powertrains. This trend can be particularly observed in the automotive industry (passenger vehicles, commercial and construction vehicles), as well as, in water and air transportation systems. This change was a clear result of multiple environmental or market driven objectives as high fuel economy, pollution or limited resources. The electrification of transportation has brought an increase in the design complexity of the powertrain; and, in the same time a challenge for the research institutes and original equipment manufactures (OEMs). Multiple hybrid electric architectures have been developed under a continuous struggle to find the best solution with respect to various objectives and constraints. To find the optimal design of, for example, a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), is a complex optimization problem that can be addressed through various methods. Prior to the choice of a suitable algorithm for the optimization of this design problem, there is a need of in-depth understanding of the current state of knowledge in architecture choices and optimization algorithms. This paper presents an overview of the existing approaches and algorithms used for optimal design of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). It also includes an introduction in various hybrid topologies and examples from different transportation sectors.
Do Informed Citizens Receive More…Or Pay More? The Impact of Radio on the Government Distribution of Public Health Benefits

The government provision of free or subsidized bed nets to combat malaria in Benin allows the identification of new channels through which mass media affect public policy outcomes. Prior research has concluded that governments provide greater private benefits to better-informed individuals. This paper shows, for the first time, that governments can also respond by exploiting informed individuals'greater willingness to pay for these benefits. Using a"natural experiment"in radio markets in northern Benin, the paper finds that media access increases the likelihood that households pay for the bed nets they receive from government, rather than getting them for free. Households more exposed to radio programming on the benefits of bed nets and the hazards of malaria place a higher value on bed nets. Local government officials exercise significant discretion over bed net pricing and respond to higher demand by selling bed nets that they could have distributed for free. Mass media appears to change the private behavior of citizens -- in this case, to invest more of their own resources on a public health good (bed nets) -- but not their ability to extract greater benefits from government.
Sequential Distribution Analysis of Metabolites in Blue Morning Glory (Ipomoea indica) Petals by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Blue morning glory (Ipomoea indica) has a color gradient on its petals that change during flowering. Although anthocyanins were thought to be responsible for the color variations among varieties, their distribution and metabolite changes in petals that might be affected by anthocyanins color during flowering were not clear. The petals were analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Metabolites extracted from sequential disc cut samples from petal tissue showed that the metabolites, including anthocyanins, were not uniformly distributed in petals and their distribution changed during flowering
Search Frictions and the Liquidity of Large Blocks of Shares

This paper investigates empirically the illiquidity of majority blocks of shares in the context of a search model of block trades. The search model incorporates two aspects of illiquidity, or search frictions. First, upon a liquidity shock, the incumbent blockholders may be forced to sell to a less efficient buyer. Second, a block liquidity sale may occur at a fire sale price. We conduct a structural estimation of the model using data on majority block trades in the U.S. The structural estimation is particularly useful in this exercise as it allows us to evaluate the counterfactual price that would result absent liquidity shocks. Our results help shed light into the size of the marketability discount, the control discount and an illiquidity-spillover discount we identify, and on the determinants of aggregate liquidity.
The Relevance of Accuracy for the Impact of Macroeconomic News on Volatility

We study whether the accuracy of news announcements matters for the impact of news on exchange rate volatility. We use high-frequency EUR/USD returns and releases of 20 US macroeconomic indicators, and measure the precision of news in three different ways. When the precision is defined by the size of the first revision of the previous month's figure, we find that precise news increases volatility significantly more than imprecise news. Also, news on indicators that are in general more precise increase volatility more than news on typically imprecise indicators. Finally, we use real time data to measure the 'true' precision of news and find that the size of the first revision of the previous month's figure is a reasonable signal of 'true' precision.
Elicitor Mixtures Significantly Increase Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Quality Parameters in Sweet Bell Pepper

Sweet bell peppers are greatly appreciated for their taste, color, pungency, and aroma. Additionally, they are good sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity, which can be improved by the use of elicitors. Elicitors act as metabolite-inducing factors (MIF) by mimic stress conditions. Since plants rarely experience a single stress condition one by one but are more likely to be exposed to simultaneous stresses, it is important to evaluate the effect of elicitors on plant secondary metabolism as mixtures. Jasmonic acid (JA), hydrogen peroxide (HP), and chitosan (CH) were applied to fruits and plants of bell pepper as mixtures. Bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and quality parameters were evaluated. The assessed elicitor cocktail leads to an increase in the variables evaluated (P ≤ 0.05) when applied to mature fruits after harvest, whereas the lowest values were observed in the treatment applied to immature fruits. Therefore, the application of the elicitor cocktail to harvested mature fruits is recommended in order to improve bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of sweet bell peppers.
Effect of Sources of Supplementary Protein on Intake, Digestion and Efficiency of Energy Utilization in Buffaloes Fed Wheat Straw Based Diets

Sixteen adult male buffaloes (average body weight 443±14 kg) were equally distributed into four groups in an experiment to study the effect of supplementary protein sources on energy utilization efficiency in buffaloes fed a wheat straw-based diet. The animals in the control group were offered a basal diet composed of 700 g deoiled ground nut cake and ad libitum wheat straw. Animals of other groups were offered 1.8 kg of soyabean meal (SBM), linseed meal (LSM) or mustard cake (MC) along with the basal diet. Protein supplementation increased the digestibility of DM (p<0.01), OM (p<0.01) CP (p<0.01) and CF (p<0.05). Maximum CP digestibility was observed on SBM, followed by LSM and MC when compared to the control. Total DMI and DOMI was significantly (p<0.01) higher in protein supplemented groups with no differences between treatment groups. Digestible crude protein (DCP) intake and N balance were significantly (p<0.01) different between the groups; maximum response was obtained with SBM supplementation, followed by LSM and MC. Faecal energy was significantly (p<0.01) lower in SBM and LSM groups in comparison to other groups. Methane production (% DEI) was significantly (p<0.05) lower on the SBM treatment. Metabolizable energy (ME) intake increased significantly due to protein supplementation. Metabolizable energy intake (MEI) of animals in the MC group was less than LSM and SBM. Energy balance was increased significantly (p<0.01) due to protein supplementation and within supplement variation was also significant with maximum balance in SBM followed by LSM and MC groups. Protein supplementation significantly (p<0.05) increased the digestibility and metabolizability of energy from whole ration. Metabolizable energy (ME) content (Mcal/kg DM) of SBM, LSM and MC was 4.49, 3.56 and 2.56, respectively. It was concluded that protein supplementation of wheat straw increased intake, digestibility and metabolizability of energy and maximum response could be obtained when soybean meal was used as a supplement. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2006. Vol 19, No. 5 : 638-644)
Help-giving and moral courage on the Internet

The study addressed individual differences on two types of prosocial behavior on the Internet: help-giving/sharing and moral courage. A questionnaire to measure these behaviors was developed. We investigated the effects of the Big Five personality traits, sadistic traits, and values on help-giving and moral courage. We found that the willingness to help on the Internet was promoted by open personality, and the relationship was partly moderated by high weekly use of social media. The willingness to act morally courageous was promoted by open personality, inclination toward sadism, and self-transcendence values. Surprisingly, the relationship between moral courage and sadistic traits was not moderated by the time spent online. Willingness to donate to a charity was fostered by benevolence and universalism values. Future studies will need to replicate the results with behavioral observations.
SELF-SIMILAR STRUCTURE OF A HOT MAGNETIZED FLOW WITH THERMAL CONDUCTION

We have explored the structure of a hot magnetized accretion flow with thermal conduction. The importance of thermal conduction in hot accretion flows has been confirmed by observations of the hot gas surrounding Sgr A* and a few other nearby galactic nuclei. For a steady state structure of such accretion flows, a set of self-similar solutions is presented. In this paper, we have actually tried to re-check the solution presented by Abbassi et al. using a physical constraint. In this study, we find that Equation (29) places a new constraint that limits answers presented by Abbassi et al. In that paper, the parameter space, which is established in the new constraint, was plotted. However, the new requirement makes up only a small parameter space with physically acceptable solutions. And now in this paper, we have followed the idea with more effort and tried to find out how thermal conduction influences the structure of the disks in a physical parameter space. We have found that the existence of thermal conduction will lead to the reduction of accretion and radial and azimuthal velocities as well as the vertical thickness of the disk, which is slightly reduced. Moreover, the surface density of the disk will increase when thermal conduction becomes important in hot magnetized flow.
An Investigation Of Productivity In Boilers Of Thermal Power Plants With Fuzzy Gain Scheduled PI Controller

Power plants need to be controled because of electricity generation cost and to be reduced corrosion of the equipmet used in them. For these reasons, special care has to be taken for their two outputs, settling time and overshoot, and their productivity. In this study, a fuzzy gain scheduled proportional-integral, FGPI, controller was designed to arrange the power and enthalpy outputs in two boilers with different productivity values of a 765 MW coal-fired thermal power plant. The simulation results show that the first boiler model (Model-1, M1) with 95% productivity has better preformance on the settling time of power and enthalpy outputs. As for the overshoots, the second boiler model (Model-2, M2) with 70% productivity has better performance for the two outputs.
Alkaline in situ transesterification of Chlorella vulgaris 1

© Elsevier Ltd. ‘[Authors retain] the right to post a revised personal version of the text of the final journal article (to reflect changes made in the peer review process) on your personal or institutional website or server for scholarly purposes, incorporating the complete citation and with a link to the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) of the article. ’ The definitive version of this article is available at: http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.fuel. 2011.11. 045 Always use the definitive version when citing.
Topology optimization of microbeams including layer deposition manufacturing constraints

1. Abstract As many manufacturing techniques, microfabrication methods possess limitations. Consequently, manufacturing constraints have to be considered during microsystems design process. Therefore, the direct use of automatic design tools like topology optimization is not possible. For instance, optimal topologies generally contain closed cavities that cannot be produced using the usual microfabrication techniques like layer deposition. The present paper intends to add a layer deposition constraint to the optimization problem using recent developments of CONLIN software. However, with this new optimization procedure we could observe that classical sensitivities filtering makes optimization problem rather unstable while filtering the density field itself keeps good convergence properties. 2.
Foldable Electrochromics Enabled by Nanopaper Transfer Method

An innovative nanopaper‐transfer method enabled by the high surface free energy of nanocellulose is reported. Utilizing this technique, Ag nanowire percolating network based transparent conductive electrodes with ultrahigh figure of merit are realized. With the exceptional surface properties of this novel nanopaper electrode, a foldable electrochromic nanopaper device with a stable performance is demonstrated for the first time. This nanopaper‐transfer technique holds great promise for the next generation deformable electronics.
Hepatoprotective activity of n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of Sida acuta on thioacetamide induced liver injury in rats

This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of n-hexane and ethylacetate fractions of Sida acuta against thioacetamide (TAA) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Thirty-five adult male albino wistar rats, grouped into seven groups (n=5 each) were used. Groups A-D served as the tests, while E-G served as control. The rats were fed as discussed in the methodology. Phyto-chemical analysis of Sida acuta was done using standard methods. Acute toxicity test revealed an oral LD50 of >3000 mg/kg. Test administration was oral for 7 days prior to TAA intoxication. On the 8 th day, after an 18-hour fast, TAA (200mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously to all the groups except group G (normal control). Blood samples were collected 24hrs after TAA administration to assess the liver function of the rats (ALT, AST, ALP and Albumin levels). Results revealed a significant increase in the serum levels of ALP, AST and ALT, as well as a significant decrease in the serum Albumin levels due to TAA induced liver damage. Pre-treatment with both n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of Sida acuta reduced the toxic effect of TAA as indicated by a decrease in the levels of previously elevated liver parameters and an increase in the level of Albumin. Keyswords: Hepatoprotective, n-Hexane, Ethyl acetate, Sida acuta, Thioacetamide, liver function
Towards a Competence Profile for Inter-Organizational Learning in Open Innovation Teams

While inter-organizational learning in open innovation teams has received much attention lately, research into its human dimension is lacking. This paper, therefore, explores the competencies professionals need for this process. Three studies were executed: a theoretical study, explorative interviews and focus groups. A competence profile was compiled from an analysis and synthesis of theoretical and empirical data. The paper concludes with a discussion on the robustness of the competence profile and its relevance for HRD.
Title Learning regularized , query-dependent bilinear similarities forlarge scale image retrieval

An effective way to improve the quality of image retrieval is by employing a query-dependent similarity measure. However, implementing this in a large scale system is non-trivial because we want neither hurting the efficiency nor relying on too many training samples. In this paper, we introduce a query-dependent bilinear similarity measure to address the first issue. Based on our bilinear similarity model, query adaptation can be achieved by simply applying any existing efficient indexing/retrieval method to a transformed version (surrogate) of a query. To address the issue of limited training samples, we further propose a novel angular regularization constraint for learning the similarity measure. The learning is formulated as a Quadratic Programming (QP) problem and can be solved efficiently by a SMO-type algorithm. Experiments on two public datasets and our 1-million web-image dataset validate that our proposed method can consistently bring improvements and the whole solution is practical in large scale applications.
Towards a model for inputs evaluation for workplace HIV/AIDS IEC programme based on process evaluation theoretical framework

The need for an appropriate evaluation model with respect to workplace HIV/AIDS information, education and communication (IEC) programme implementation necessitated this study. The study adopted the documentary research method. The documents review relied to a large extent on documents from the ILO, the Botswana governments’ National Strategic Framework on HIV/AIDS and the Botswana Revised National policy on HIV and AIDS. Besides, the study also consulted other empirical literatures from electronic databases. These covered books, academic journals, official publications, websites of government and international HIV and AIDS organisations. In all, a total of 47 documents were reviewed. The criteria for the selection of the documents were being focused on HIV/AIDS policies, workplace HIV/AIDS information, education and communication programmes as well as theoretical frameworks. The key components of the input evaluation model (HIVADIEF Model) are programme intervention, resources, institutional support mechanisms and target groups. Each component had its measuring attributes. The study recommended HIVADIEF input evaluation model for researchers in the field of workplace HIV/AIDS information, education and communication programme evaluation in Botswana and elsewhere with a view to further developing and improving the input evaluation model for hospitality facilities. Key words: Information, education and communication, workplace, theoretical framework, inputs evaluation, HIV/AIDS, Botswana.
Accurately Measuring Inspection Time with Computers

Accurately measuring inspection time (IT) with computers requires several considerations. They are: 1) Screen redraw period; 2) Synchronous and timely image presentation; 3) Stimulus duration timing; 4) Image scale invariance; 5) Stan dardized presentation format (of which image scale invariance is a part). The first consideration dictates a minimum duration available for measuring IT. The second and third are necessary for accurate stimulus duration. The fourth is necessary to provide scale invariant images, that is, images with the same visual angle at a given viewing distance on any computer. And the fifth ensures that participants everywhere respond to the same task. Our computer program em bodies these elements and we make it freely available to any interested party. Data to establish validity and reliability are presented, and normative data on 2518 participants aged 6 to 92 years are available.