Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitigation of offshore wind power intermittency by interconnection of production sites

Abstract. This study uses a unique set of hourly wind speed data observed over a period of 16 years to quantify the potential of collective offshore wind power production. We address the well-known intermittency problem of wind power for five locations along the Norwegian continental shelf. Mitigation of wind power intermittency is investigated using a hypothetical electricity grid. The degree of mitigation is examined by connecting different configurations of the sites. Along with the wind power smoothing effect, we explore the risk probability of the occurrence and duration of wind power shutdown due to too low or high winds. Typical large-scale atmospheric situations resulting in long term shutdown periods are identified. We find that both the wind power variability and the risk of not producing any wind power decrease significantly with an increasing array of connected sites. The risk of no wind power production for a given hour is reduced from the interval 8.0 %–11.2 % for a single site to under 4 % for two sites. Increasing the array size further reduces the risk, but to a lesser extent. The average atmospheric weather pattern resulting in wind speed that is too low (too high) to produce wind power is associated with a high-pressure (low-pressure) system near the production sites.
Improving Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of Hot-Stamped 1500 MPa Steel Parts That Have Undergone a Q&P Treatment by the Design of Retained Austenite and Martensite Matrix

Hydrogen embrittlement is one of the largest obstacles against the commercialisation of ultra-high strength quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steels with ultimate tensile strength over 1500 MPa, including the hot stamped steel parts that have undergone a Q&P treatment. In this work, the influence of partitioning temperature on hydrogen embrittlement of ultra-high strength Q&P steels is studied by pre-charged tensile tests with both dog-bone and notched samples. It is found that hydrogen embrittlement resistance is enhanced by the higher partitioning temperature. Then, the hydrogen embrittlement mechanism is analysed in terms of hydrogen, retained austenite, and martensite matrix. Thermal desorption analysis (TDA) shows that the hydrogen trapping properties are similar in the Q&P steels, which cannot explain the enhancement of hydrogen embrittlement resistance. On the contrary, it is found that the relatively low retained austenite stability after the higher temperature partitioning ensures more sufficient TRIP effect before hydrogen-induced fracture. Additionally, dislocation recovery and solute carbon depletion at the higher partitioning temperature can reduce the flow stress of the martensite matrix, improving its intrinsic toughness and reducing its hydrogen sensitivity, both of which result in the higher hydrogen embrittlement resistance.
Negotiating social differences and power geometries among healthcare professionals in a Swiss hospital

Abstract In this article, we analyse two parallel processes taking place in the Swiss healthcare sector, namely differentiation and standardisation: On one hand, the health sector is increasingly characterised by differentiation that originates from the specialisation of training, the differentiation and academisation of nursing, the feminisation of medicine, the migration of healthcare personnel, and the entry of men into nursing professions. In addition, a new generation joining the health sector labour force is challenging taken-for-granted notions about health professions. On the other hand, healthcare organisations such as hospitals need to ensure they are functioning well by increasingly relying on standardisation processes such as checklists, standardised protocols, or ethical guidelines. For this paper, we have conducted an institutional ethnography of a Swiss acute hospital by employing an intersectional analysis. Based on interviews and shadowing, we argue that the social differences between and among nurses and physicians are constantly negotiated every day. We demonstrate that those differences lead to power imbalances along the intersectional axes of age, gender, place of education, and professional position. Our findings have implications for general debates in health-related fields; for management and organizational studies more in general; and in particular for feminist labour geographies, as they place debates on work-relations, power, hierarchy, and intersectional social differences into a specific organizational and spatial context.
Simulation of an Industrial Pyrolysis Gasoline Hydrogenation Unit

A model is developed based on a two-stage hydrogenation of pyrolysis gasoline to obtain a C6–C8 cut suitable for extraction of aromatics. In order to model the hydrogenation reactors, suitable hydrodynamic and reaction submodels should be solved simultaneously. The first stage hydrogenation takes place in a trickle bed reactor. The reaction rates of different di-olefines as well as hydrodynamic parameters of the trickle bed (i.e., catalyst wetting efficiency, pressure drop, mass transfer coefficient and liquid hold-up) have been combined to derive the equations to model this reactor. The second stage hydrogenation takes place in a two compartment fixed bed reactor. Hydrogenation of olefines takes place in the first compartment while sulfur is eliminated from the flow in the second compartment. These reactions occur at relatively higher temperature and pressure compared to the first stage. The key component in this stage is considered to be cyclohexene, of which the hydrogenation was found to be the most difficult of the olefines present in the feed. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic expression was adopted for the hydrogenation of cyclohexene and its kinetic parameters were determined experimentally in a micro-reactor in the presence of the industrial catalyst. The model was solved for the whole process of hydrogenation, including hydro-desulfurization. The predictions of the model were compared with actual plant data from an industrial scale pyrolysis gasoline hydrogenation unit and satisfactory agreement was found between the model and plant data.
Optimal investment strategy for a family with a random household expenditure under the CEV model

Abstract This paper considers an optimal investment strategy to maximize the expected constant absolute risk averse (CARA) utility of the terminal wealth for a family in the presence of stochastic household expenditure under the constant elasticity of variance (CEV) model. Since the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation is difficult to solve for the high dimensionality and nonlinearity, previous work only gives an approximate numerical solution for some special model parameters under the slow-fluctuating regime assumption. In this paper, by directly conjecturing the functional form of the value function, we transform the HJB equation into two one-dimensional parabolic partial differential equations (pdes) and further find their explicit solutions via the Feynman-Kac formula. We prove that the exact and explicit solution for the value function as well as the optimal investment strategy can be expressed as integral of confluent hyper-geometric function. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effects of parameters on the optimal strategies.
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and biological screening of binuclear transition metal complexes of bicompartmental Schiff bases containing indole and resorcinol moieties

A series of binucleating Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) complexes of bicompartmental ligands with ONO donors were prepared. The ligands were synthesized by the condensation of 5-substituted-3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carboxyhydrazides and 4,6-diacetylresorcinol. The newly synthesized ligands and their complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and various spectral studies like IR, 1H NMR, ESI-mass, UV-Vis, ESR, thermal studies, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance, and powder-XRD data. All the complexes were binuclear and monomeric in nature. Cu(II) complexes have octahedral geometry, whereas Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes have square planar and tetrahedral geometry, respectively. The redox property of the Cu(II) complex was investigated by electrochemical method using cyclic voltammetry. In order to evaluate the effect of metal ions upon chelation, both the ligands and their metal complexes were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The DNA cleaving capacity of all the complexes was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.
Variability of sub-micrometer particle number size distributions and concentrations in the Western Mediterranean regional background

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the daily and seasonal variability of particle number size distributions and concentrations, performed at the Montseny (MSY) regional background station in the western Mediterranean from October 2010 to June 2011. Particle number concentrations at MSY were shown to be within range of various other sites across Europe reported in literature, but the seasonality of the particle number size distributions revealed significant differences. The Aitken mode is the dominant particle mode at MSY, with arithmetic mean concentrations of 1698 cm3, followed by the accumulation mode (877 cm−3) and the nucleation mode (246 cm−3). Concentrations showed a strong seasonal variability with large increases in particle number concentrations observed from the colder to warmer months. The modality of median size distributions was typically bimodal, except under polluted conditions when the size distribution was unimodal. During the colder months, the daily variation of particle number size distributions are strongly influenced by a diurnal breeze system, whereby the Aitken and accumulation modes vary similarly to PM1 and BC mass concentrations, with nocturnal minima and sharp day-time increases owing to the development of a diurnal mountain breeze. Under clean air conditions, high levels of nucleation and lower Aitken mode concentrations were measured, highlighting the importance of new particle formation as a source of particles in the absence of a significant condensation sink. During the warmer months, nucleation mode concentrations were observed to be relatively elevated both under polluted and clean conditions due to increased photochemical reactions, with enhanced subsequent growth owing to elevated concentrations of condensable organic vapours produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds, indicating that nucleation at MSY does not exclusively occur under clean air conditions. Finally, mixing of air masses between polluted and non-polluted boundary layer air, and brief changes in the air mass being sampled gave rise to unusual particle number size distributions, with specific cases of such behaviour discussed at length.
The effect of the thermal plume generated by body heat dissipation on the containment of fume hood

The impact of human body heat dissipation on the containment of a fume hood was conducted via experiments and numerical model. The experiments evaluated hood face velocity and the temperature around the mannequin; the results validated the simulation. The numerical model was based on the governing equations of fluid flow via the finite volume method. The face velocities (0.3–0.9 m·s− 1 ) and temperature differences (11°C, 8°C and 5°C) between the surface of the mannequin and its surroundings were used as variables. The numerical results show that in addition to the blockage effect of the worker standing in front of the fume hood, there is a more important thermal effect on the containment of fume hood. The thermal plume carries pollutants leaking out of the hood face to the breathing zone. The face velocity and dimensionless value (Gr/Re 2 ) are recommended to be 0.4–0.6 m·s− 1 and 20–35 respectively, to reduce the influence of human thermal plume on the containment of fume hood and energy waste. The formula related to the rising distance of thermal plume, Grashof and Reynolds numbers (Gr/Re 2 ) was determined.
Does Phenytoin Have Neuroprotective Role and Affect Biocompatibility of Decellularized Sciatic Nerve Scaffold?

Background: Peripheral nervous system injuries are common and currently have no definitive treatment method. Phenytoin is one of the main antiepileptic drugs. Some studies have described a cerebroprotective effect of phenytoin in an established model of global cerebral ischemia. Objectives: In this study, the neuroprotective effects of phenytoin were evaluated on the cultivation and maintenance of Wharton’s jelly stem cells (WJSCs) on acellularized sciatic nerve scaffolds. Methods: In this study, acellular scaffolds from the rat sciatic nerve were prepared by the sondell method. After extraction of cells of MSCs, flow cytometry analysis was executed. Also, cell differentiation potential was evaluated by placement in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation media for 21 days. Biocompatibility of the scaffold and cell viability were investigated using the MTT assay. The morphological and cell adhesion characteristics of MSCs on acellular scaffolds were compared using SEM micrographs images. Data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test by SPSS (version 19.0) software. Results: The removal of cells from the scaffold was confirmed by stanning with hematoxylin-eosin, van Gieson's picro-fuchsin, and DAPI. With the aid of flow cytometry analysis and differentiation into bone and fat cells, it was confirmed that extracted cells were mesenchymal stem cells. The results of the MTT assay showed that phenytoin increased cell viability and retention on the scaffold. Conclusions: The study indicated that phenytoin improves the viability of cells and provided a good condition for the growth, survival, and attachment of cells to the scaffold when compared to the control group. These results suggest that phenytoin can be considered a new treatment for nerve regeneration and tissue engineering applications.
Sampling Issues in Assessing Particle Degradation in Pneumatic Conveying Systems

The evaluation or design of a granular material handling process requires reliable data if executive decisions are to be made. Material behavior in a given process is usually investigated by collecting and analyzing material samples from different locations within the system. However, sampling can be a significant source of errors, as a poor sampling method can lead to measurements not truly representative of the real process.
Post-harvest alterations in quality and health-related parameters of cherry tomatoes at different maturity stages following irradiation with red and blue LED lights

ABSTRACT Green-mature and turning cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) of a red (‘Cherry Little Wonder’) and a yellow (‘Goldilocks’) cultivar (cv) were illuminated, post-harvest, with either red (118 µmol m–2 s – 1 at 638 nm) or blue LED light (118 µmol m–2 s – 1 at 454 nm) for 48 h and subsequently stored for up to 21 days at room temperature. The effects of the treatments on colour, firmness, sugars and carotenoids were evaluated throughout storage. The light treatments did not have any effect on firmness and mass; however, light exposure, particularly red light, enhanced the a* colour component of the red cv significantly; similarly, colour coordinate b* of the yellow cv, treated at both stages of development, was significantly enhanced by both light treatments, resulting in visually redder and yellower tomatoes, respectively. These effects were more so observed on green-mature than on turning fruit. In addition, the treatments significantly increased lycopene concentrations in the red cv at both ripening stages, and β-carotene concentrations in both, the yellow and red cv treated at the green-mature stage. Total soluble solids (%TSS) also increased significantly following treatment. Findings reported suggest that illuminating tomato fruit with LED lights at the green-mature stage enhances colour development and the concentration of sugars, pigments and other health-related compounds without significantly affecting fruit mass and firmness.
Continuous dialysis of sulphuric acid in the presence of zinc sulphate

Transport of sulphuric acid in the presence of zinc sulphate through the anion-exchange membrane Neosepta-AFN (Astom Corporation, Japan) was studied in a two-compartment counter-current dialyzer with single passes at steady state. The following characteristics were used to characterize the dialysis process: recovery yield of acid, rejection coefficient of salt, and permeability coefficient of the membrane. In case of the H2SO4 + ZnSO4 mixture, permeability of the membrane was quantified by four phenomenological coefficients which are functions of acid and salt concentrations in the feed. They were determined by numerical integration of differential equations describing the concentration profiles of both components in both compartments, which was combined with an optimizing procedure.
Electrostatic or steric? – preparations and characterizations of well-dispersed systems containing rod-like nanowhiskers of crystalline polysaccharides

Nanowhiskers of crystalline polysaccharides, including cellulose and chitin, have recently been attracting much attention, especially as rigid filler components of novel nanocomposite materials. Good dispersion of these nanowhiskers in aqueous suspensions, which are usually prepared by appropriate acid hydrolysis of native polysaccharide raw materials, has been examined based on two types of stabilization mechanisms, i.e., electrostatic and steric repulsions between nanowhiskers. In this review, recent results on electrostatic and steric stabilizations of nanowhiskers are introduced, together with brief and basic descriptions of nanowhiskers and these stabilization mechanisms. Some of the remarkable characteristics of nanowhiskers, such as viscosity behaviors, liquid-crystal formation, and nanocomposite formation, which are related to useful applications of these stable nanowhiskers, are also summarized.
The Impact of Retention Systems on Judicial Behavior: a Synthetic Controls Analysis of State Supreme Courts

Abstract Judicial selection methods have been reformed in many states over the 20th century. I will show how changing electoral institutions have influenced judicial behavior. To do this, I employ an original dataset and a causal inference methodology to estimate the impact of reforming a state’s selection system from partisan to nonpartisan elections on opinion writing behavior. I predict that justices, initially elected through partisan elections, will write more dissenting opinions once they face nonpartisan retention elections. The results suggest that electoral reform leads to justices authoring more dissenting opinions than they otherwise would have. Most who favor electoral reform posit that the removal of partisan labels increases the legitimacy of state supreme courts. However, if the demise of consensual norms on courts threatens their legitimacy, then electoral reform appears to have a counter-intuitive outcome. This article contributes to our understanding of how elections impact judicial behavior.
Kinetic Study of Synthesizing 1-(3-Phenylpropyl)-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione under Solid−Liquid Phase-Transfer Catalysis

The synthesis of 1-(3-phenylpropyl)-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (SUC-R) was successfully carried out from the reaction of succinimide (SUC-H) with 1-bromo-3-phenylpropane (RBr) in a small amount of KOH and organic solvent solid–liquid phase medium under phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) almost water-free conditions. The main purpose of this work was to determine the reaction conditions by examining the kinetic behavior, reaction mechanism, activation energy, and the related parameters in the solid–liquid PTC reaction. A rational mechanism for the reaction is proposed according to the experimental evidence. The reaction follows a pseudo-first-order rate law. A rate expression was developed to describe the kinetic behaviors from which the apparent rate constant (kapp) of the organic-phase reaction was obtained via experimental data. Kinetics of the reaction, including the effects of agitation speed, amount of water, amount of potassium hydroxide, temperature, amount of tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB), volume of cy.
A versatile ambient pressure drying approach to synthesize silica-based composite aerogels

A versatile ambient pressure drying (APD) method for synthesizing silica aerogels, as well as silica-based composite aerogels with different colors or functions, has been developed in this work. The presented polyethoxydisiloxane (PEDS) was held under basic conditions in ethanol and alcogels were obtained, which was followed by hexane solvent-exchange and pore surface modification, and then the wet gels were dried under ambient pressure at temperatures ranging from 25 to 150 °C to produce silica aerogels with high BET surface areas and low thermal conductivities. Various guests were introduced, e.g., dyes, Fe3O4 nanoparticles and Ag nano-wires in the sol–gel process, and colored, magnetic or bio-functional silica aerogels were synthesized by the APD method. All the products were of high BET surface areas varying from 500 to 1000 m2 g−1 and of average pore sizes in the range of 8–20 nm, regardless of the drying temperature and the presence of dye molecules or embedded nano-particles. The tapping densities of the aerogels were in the range of 0.03 to 0.2 g cm−3, and the thermal conductivities were found varying from 0.022 to 0.040 W m−1 K−1. Moreover, the structures and morphologies of the aerogels were investigated by FTIR and SEM, respectively. The stability of the colored aerogels was studied by UV-vis spectrometry, and the results indicate that the dyes were embedded in the aerogels and may be gradually released. Furthermore, the capacity of the magnetic aerogels for wastewater treatment was investigated. In general, an APD method, involving a single hexane-exchange step, has been developed, and the preparation of various silica-based composite aerogels prepared by APD is achieved. This APD method shows a great potential to synthesize silica aerogels and its hybrid aerogels on an industrial scale.
Research of Roof Anchorage Rock Beam Bearing Structure Model of Extra-Large Width Open-Off Cut and Its Engineering Application in a Coal Mine, China

The stability of the extra-large width open-off cut of a longwall panel has been a major concern in underground solid backfill mining. In this study, a numerical model was built with FLAC3D for analyzing the characteristics of the effective prestressed field distribution in the extra-large width open-off cut roof in Xingdong coal mine, China. The numerical results obtained in this study demonstrate that an anchorage rock beam bearing structure (ARBBS) can be formed. Additionally, the ARBBS model was also constructed. The analytical expression of the maximum shear stress (MSS) in the model was obtained under the functions of composite influencing factors. Then, the MSS evolution laws in ARBBS with different thicknesses and spans were investigated using MATLAB software. The stress changes in ARBBS with a span of 15 m were compared and analyzed under the functions of single and composite influencing factors. The cooperative control principle of the roof ARBBS and two rib anchorage bearing structures was also clarified. Accordingly, a combined support scheme for an 11.5 m-wide open-off cut was proposed. The field applications demonstrated that the scheme successfully controlled the failure and deformation of the surrounding rock, thus contributing to the fast development of the open-off cut and the quick and timely installations of the backfill mining equipment. This validated the results of the ARBBS model. This study is expected to provide helpful references for other extra-large width open-off cut or roadway stability investigations and rock support design under similar engineering and geological conditions.