Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beurteilung der räumlichen-dynamischen Stabilität während des linearen und nicht-linearen menschlichen Gangs

Warum sturzen wir beim Gehen? Dreidimensionale und komplexe Bewegungsablaufe des menschlichen Ganges exakt zu analysieren und somit offene Grundfragen der Kinesiologie zu beantworten ist Kern dieser Arbeit. Die Bewegungswissenschaft der Gerontologie beschrankt sich derzeit noch auf Modelle und Methoden mit einfachen und eindimensionalen Bewegungsanalysen. In einer umfangreichen Literaturrecherche wird der aktuelle Stand der Technik an Hand der drei gangigsten Methoden zur Bestimmung der Stabilitat beim Gehen erfasst und bewertet. Eine Bewertung der drei Methoden: Margin of Stability, Lokale Stabilitat und Orbitale Stabilitat, erfolgt durch die Ermittlung der Anwendbarkeit der einzelnen Methoden, um die Tendenz eines Probanden zu bestimmen, sich von kleinen (naturlichen oder kunstlichen) Storungen des Gangs zu erholen. Auf Grundlage dieser Bewertungen und das Abwagen der Vor - und Nachteile der einzelnen Methoden, wurde eine neue Methode zur Beurteilung der raumlichen-dynamischen Stabilitat entwickelt, die sich fur die Analyse des linearen und nicht-linearen menschlichen Gangs anwenden lasst. Als Methodische Grundlagen dienen ein Motion-Capture-System, zur Erfassung der kinematischen Bewegungen, und ein in der Gerontologie fest etablierte Mobilitatstest, der sogenannte Timed Up and Go Test, zur Beurteilung des Gleichgewichts und der Mobilitat. Zusatzlich wurde eine numerische Naherung der Marker-Anzahl des Motion-Capture- Systems durchgefuhrt. Dabei wurde die Anzahl der Marker auf ein Marker-Set minimiert, bei der die bestmogliche Korrelation der Ergebnisse zum Full-Body-Marker-Set erzielt wird. Dies dient zur Vereinfachung der Methode fur zukunftige Anwendungen bei klinischen oder wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen. Die neu entwickelte Methode bedarf einer Validierung, welche mit Hilfe einer Probandenstudie durchgefuhrt wurde. Die Ergebnisse der Probandenstudie werden prasentiert und Interpretationsmoglichkeiten werden aufgezeigt. Neue relevante Variablen und Momentbestimmungen besonderer Gangsituationen werden ausgewertet und bieten Raum fur neue Interpretationsansatze zur Beurteilung des menschlichen Gangs. Die neue Methode ist somit in der Lage die individuelle Entwicklungen des Bewegungsablaufes im Alter und die Vermeidung von Sturzen und einhergehenden Verletzungen aus einer erweiterten und neuen Perspektive zu beurteilen. Insbesondere konnen Richtungswechsel bei einem nicht-linearen Gang neu betrachtet und beurteilt werden.
Analysis of the Main Aspects of Testing the Opaque Version of CAPM

The opaque version of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is a little more complicated in terms of the restrictions it imposes on the data series. In this context there is a cross-equation constraint for the null hypothesis. As a rule, a resected model should be considered and estimated as nonlinear. The model implies the condition that the estimators obtained and the estimation are usually nonlinear. The estimation procedure is nonlinear, but to simplify it we resort to calculating the particular structures that are conditioned and are obtained from a linear regression. Simple linear regression in this case or multiple is the one that ensures obtaining parameters that are efficient in estimating the respective results. The authors were concerned with the analysis of the main aspects regarding the testing of the opaque version of the CAPM, considering that the cross-regression tests must be taken into account, considering in this regard the approach with two regression functions introduced by Fama and MacBeth (1973) and the case SharpeLintner.
Genetic evidence indicates ecological divergence rather than geographic barriers structure Florida fox squirrels

For polytypic mammal species, biogeographic barriers including rivers have often been used to delineate taxonomic units under the assumption that barriers have structured their distribution. We tested the importance of major riverine systems as biogeographic barriers in fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) across the state of Florida, where 4 currently recognized subspecies are delineated at major rivers. We also explored whether phylogeographic structure may be limited to ecologically divergent subspecies, specifically between S. n. avicennia and S. n. shermani. Using a multilocus approach to examine diversity, we found that restricted gene flow was only present between S. n. avicennia, located south of the Caloosahatchee River in south Florida, and the rest of S. niger, which is widespread across the state. Mitochondrial DNA revealed that 2 divergent groups of haplotypes are present and widespread across Florida, thus supporting the hypothesis that fox squirrels persisted in multiple refugia during the Pleistocene, and that S. n. avicennia diverged ecologically from other populations of fox squirrels relatively recently. This was supported by isolation with migration models that indicated matrilineal isolation since the onset of divergence between S. n. avicennia and S. n. shermani, which corresponds to the onset of ecological divergence in south Florida during the early Holocene. Isolation by distance at 8 microsatellite loci from the western panhandle to the southern end of the peninsula was significant only when S. n. avicennia was included; however, this was due to the hierarchical genetic patterns identified between S. n. avicennia and the other subspecies as determined by Bayesian clustering, and not due to spatially restricted dispersal. We postulate that the demographic isolation of S. n. avicennia is the result of adaptation to the unique ecological conditions of south Florida.
Speaker Verification System using Wavelet Transform and Neural Network for short utterances

In this paper, wavelet transform technique and neural network is used for development of Speaker Verification System for short utterances. The sampled data undergo 4-level decomposition in wavelet decomposition technique. DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) is performed on the dataset, to improve the features extraction process. This study includes Hilbert Transform, which shows the importance of magnitude and phase for speaker classification and their performance was shown. Hilbert Transform is explored, to analyze performance of phase for the data. The features are then, fed to feed-forward back propagation neural network for further classification. The proposed technique is evaluated on fixed phrase of the RedDots dataset and self-recorded numerical dataset. The proposed method performs effectively up to 95% recognition rate. Keywords— Speaker verification system, short utterances, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN), Hillbert Transform.
The High-Temperature Electrolysis Integrated Laboratory-Scale Experiment

Abstract The High-Temperature Electrolysis Integrated Laboratory-Scale experiment was designed at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and Ceramatec during 2006 and early 2007 and constructed in the spring and summer of 2007. A “half-module,” two stacks of 60 cells each, was tested at Ceramatec for 2040 h in June–September 2006 and a full module, four stacks of 60 cells each, was completed in March 2007. Initial shakedown testing of the INL Integrated Laboratory-Scale (ILS) experimental facility commenced on August 22, 2007. Heatup of the first ILS module started at 4:10 PM on September 24, 2007, and ran for 420 h. The test average H2 production rate was ~1.3 N.m3/h (Normal cubic meters per hour, where Normal conditions are 273 K and 1 atm) (0.116 kg H2/h), with a peak measured H2 production rate of over 2 N.m3/h (0.179 kg H2/h). Significant module performance degradation was observed over the first 250 h, after which no further degradation was noted for the remainder of the test. Once all test objectives had been successfully met, the test was terminated in a controlled fashion.
Developing jobsheet for basic programming based on performance assessment

This study aimed at producing job sheets for basic programming based on performance assessment. The development model used was the ADDIE model which consists of 5 stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The evaluation stage does not stand alone, in which at every stage in the ADDIE model, an evaluation process was conducted. The evaluation stage done here was only a formative evaluation, that is, related to the review process involving experts and a try-out in which the students’ responses to the job sheets were elicited to find out the effectiveness of the job sheets. The data were collected using questionnaire. The data collected were reduced and presented. Then the data were analyzed and a conclusion was drawn from the result of the analysis. The result of this study showed that the job sheet for basic programming based on performance assessment has been successfully developed and the attainment level of the job sheet was 80% (a good qualification). This means that it is feasible to be used effectively as media to support the teaching and learning process, especially in practicum activities in basic programming course. The students’ response related to the presence of the job sheets was also very good. They were very enthusiastic in following every instruction contained in the job sheets. In other words, there was no deviated reaction/ response at the time of the job sheets review process.
Density Based Traffic System via IR Sensor

This paper presents an inventive prototype design of a traffic light which is purposely used at junctioned road since traffic light is the best way to supervise and manage traffic at any busy junction or intersection. This project is designed to develop a density based traffic signal system where its signal timing changes automatically after sensing the traffic density at the intersection. Traffic density is define as the amount of vehicle congested at a certain place, in this case an intersection. The more vehicles available, the higher the traffic density is. This increasing number of vehicles on the road will produce many problems such as traffic jammed thus will also drive to road accidents. Conventional traffic light uses fixed time which cause difficulties in controlling the traffic itself. In order to resolve this problem, design of this traffic light will help to reduce traffic jammed at a particular location. This traffic light uses an Arduino UNO microcontroller to create an automation function together with an Infrared sensor (IR sensor) to detect the density of the traffic. Each vehicle is set to 3 seconds. All vehicles pass through the traffic light is measured and processed accordingly to delays. If there is no vehicle on the road for at least 1 second, then it will change to another traffic light. By using this, all vehicles will be counted and interacted with the system thus increase delay period for the green light at each traffic light which may have high density of traffic. Thus, it will reduce problems which might rooted from traffic congestion at the intersection.
Elevated Fat Intake Increases Body Weight and the Risk of Overweight and Obesity among Chinese Adults: 1991–2015 Trends

Studies on fat intake and obesity have been inconclusive. This study examined the associations between dietary fat intake and body weight and the risk of overweight and obesity in China. We used data from 23,859 adults aged 20–60 years who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey, an ongoing open-cohort study, from 1991 to 2015. We collected detailed dietary data by conducting three 24-h dietary recalls and weighing foods and condiments in household inventories. We examined the associations between fat intake and body weight, body mass index (BMI), and the risk of overweight and obesity with random-effects linear or logistic regression models for panel data. The Chinese population’s fat intake, percentage of energy intake from fat, and prevalence of high-fat diets (energy intake from fat > 30%) increased from 68.5 g per day (g/d), 23.1%, and 22.4%, respectively, in 1991 to 79.3 g/d, 35.6%, and 67.2%, respectively, in 2015. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 12.3% to 37.3% during the same period. Fat intake, percentage of energy intake from fat, and a high-fat diet were positively associated with body weight, BMI, and the risk of overweight and obesity in both sexes (p < 0.001) after adjustment for nonfat energy intake, physical activity, and socioeconomic status. Increased fat intake and high-fat diets were associated with increased body weight, BMI, and risk of overweight and obesity. These findings could have a significant impact on Chinese policies and interventions to control overweight and obesity.
Effect of insecticides on immature and mature stages of Encarsia citrina , an armoured scale parasitoid

Laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis, diazinon, diofenolan and lufenuron on preimaginal and/or adult stages of Encarsia citrina, a key parasitoid of the armoured scale insects infesting kiwifruit. Bioassays were conducted by dipping potatoes, which were infested with second instar greedy scale (Hemiberlesia rapax) parasitised by E. citrina, in insecticide solutions, or caging adult parasitoids in treated Petri dishes. Of the insecticides tested, diazinon had the highest level of toxicity to the adult parasitoids. The need to change to insecticides with low or nil toxicity to scale parasitoids for increased biological control in ‘Kiwigreen’ is discussed.
LPA/PKD-1 signaling promotes development of arteriolar niche that supports self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells and stemness

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are essential for cancer growth, metastasis and recurrence. However, the regulatory mechanisms of self-renewal and interactions with the vascular niche within tumor microenvironment are currently under investigation. Here, we demonstrate that BCSCs are enriched within arteriolar niche within the tumor microenvironment of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) BC and bi-directionally interact with arteriolar endothelial cells (ECs). Mechanistically, this interaction is driven by the LPA/PKD-1 signaling pathway, which promotes arteriolar differentiation and self-renewal. Furthermore, this pathway directly promotes stemness features. These findings suggest that targeting LPA/PKD-1 signaling may disrupt the arteriolar niche within the tumor microenvironment and concomitantly eradicate BCSCs, thereby attenuating BC progression.
Personalization of hybrid brain models from neuroimaging and electrophysiology data

Personalization is rapidly becoming standard practice in medical diagnosis and treatment. This study is part of an ambitious program towards computational personalization of neuromodulatory interventions in neuropsychiatry. We propose to model the individual human brain as a network of neural masses embedded in a realistic physical matrix capable of representing measurable electrical brain activity. We call this a hybrid brain model (HBM) to highlight that it encodes both biophysical and physiological characteristics of an individual brain. Although the framework is general, we provide here a pipeline for the integration of anatomical, structural and functional connectivity data obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffuse tensor imaging (DTI connectome) and electroencephalography (EEG). We personalize model parameters through a comparison of simulated cortical functional connectivity with functional connectivity profiles derived from cortically-mapped, subject-specific EEG. We show that individual information can be represented in model space through the proper adjustment of two parameters (global coupling strength and conduction velocity), and that the underlying structural information has a strong impact on the functional outcome of the model. These findings provide a proof of concept and open the door for further advances, including the model-driven design of non-invasive brain-stimulation protocols.
Maternal transmission of a paramutant phenotype requires intact DNMT2 functions in the male germline

The molecular mechanism underlying epigenetic inheritance remains largely unknown. Previous studies have shown that transmission of paternal acquired traits through the male germline (i.e., sperm) requires functional DNMT2 to maintain normal profiles of sperm-borne tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). Here we report that maternal transmission of a Kit paramutant phenotype (white tail tip) through the female germline (i.e., oocytes) also requires normal function of DNMT2 and normal profiles of DNMT2-dependent tsRNAs and other small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) in sperm. Specifically, ablation of DNMT2 leads to aberrant profiles of tsRNAs and other sncRNAs in sperm, which correlate with drastically dysregulated mRNA transcriptome in pronuclear zygotes derived from oocytes carrying the Kit paramutation and a complete blockage of transmission of the paramutant phenotype through the oocytes. Together with previous reports, the present study suggests that both paternal and maternal transmission of epigenetic phenotypes requires DNMT2-dependent tsRNAs in sperm.
Misannotated Multi-Nucleotide Variants in Public Cancer Genomics Datasets Lead to Inaccurate Mutation Calls with Significant Implications

Identification of incorrect mutation calls in TCGA, including clinically relevant BRAF V600 and KRAS G12, will influence research and potentially clinical decisions. Although next-generation sequencing is widely used in cancer to profile tumors and detect variants, most somatic variant callers used in these pipelines identify variants at the lowest possible granularity, single-nucleotide variants (SNV). As a result, multiple adjacent SNVs are called individually instead of as a multi-nucleotide variants (MNV). With this approach, the amino acid change from the individual SNV within a codon could be different from the amino acid change based on the MNV that results from combining SNV, leading to incorrect conclusions about the downstream effects of the variants. Here, we analyzed 10,383 variant call files (VCF) from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and found 12,141 incorrectly annotated MNVs. Analysis of seven commonly mutated genes from 178 studies in cBioPortal revealed that MNVs were consistently missed in 20 of these studies, whereas they were correctly annotated in 15 more recent studies. At the BRAF V600 locus, the most common example of MNV, several public datasets reported separate BRAF V600E and BRAF V600M variants instead of a single merged V600K variant. VCFs from the TCGA Mutect2 caller were used to develop a solution to merge SNV to MNV. Our custom script used the phasing information from the SNV VCF and determined whether SNVs were at the same codon and needed to be merged into MNV before variant annotation. This study shows that institutions performing NGS sequencing for cancer genomics should incorporate the step of merging MNV as a best practice in their pipelines. Significance: Identification of incorrect mutation calls in TCGA, including clinically relevant BRAF V600 and KRAS G12, will influence research and potentially clinical decisions.
External light dark cycle shapes gut microbiota through intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

Gut microbiota has been shown to involve in many physiological functions such as metabolism, brain development, and neuron degeneration disease. Intriguingly, many microbes in the digestive tract do not maintain a constant level of their relative abundance but show daily oscillations under normal conditions. Recent evidence indicates that chronic jetlag, constant darkness, or deletion of the circadian core gene can alter the composition of gut microbiota and dampen the daily oscillation of gut microbes. These studies suggest that the interaction between the host circadian clock and the light-dark cycle plays an important role in gut homeostasis and microbiota. However, how or whether environmental factors such as the light-dark cycle could modulate gut microbiota is still poorly understood. Using genetic mouse models and 16s rRNA metagenomic analysis, we found that light-dark cycle information transmitted by the ipRGC-sympathetic circuit was essential for daily oscillations of gut microbes under temporal restricted high fat diet condition. Furthermore, aberrant light exposure such as dim light at night (dLAN), acting through intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), could alter the composition, relative abundance, and daily oscillations of gut microbiota. Together, our results indicate that external stimulation, such as light-dark cycle information, through the sensory system can modulate gut microbiota in the direction from the brain to the gut.
CARBON NANOTUBES VIA METHANE DECOMPOSITION ON AN ALUMINA SUPPORTED COBALT AEROGEL CATALYST

An alumina-supported cobalt aerogel catalyst prepared from a sol-gel and a supercritical drying method was used in the catalytic decomposition of methane. The physical-chemical properties of the catalyst were characterized and its activity for methane decomposition was investigated. The effects of calcination and reaction temperatures on the activity of the catalyst and the morphology of the carbon nanotubes produced were discussed. A CoAl2O4 spinel structure formed in the calcined catalyst. The quantity of the nanotubes produced in the reaction increases with the amount of cobalt in the reduced catalyst. A higher reaction temperature leads to a higher reaction rate, though faster deactivation of the catalyst occurs with the change. The carbon nanotubes grown on the catalyst have smooth walls and uniform diameter distribution.