Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recovering network structure through Latent Space Models

The latent space model is based on the idea that actors exist in a social space. It ﬁts a model to a network by assigning the actors positions. This thesis evaluates how well the model is able to recover the positions of the underlying network. To achieve this, a simulation study is conducted. Networks with varying underlying distributions, numbers of nodes and dimensions in space are simulated. Latent space models with diﬀerent dimensions are ﬁtted to them. Next, the distances between actors estimated by the model are compared to the true distances. It can be seen that the type of distribution and the number of nodes barely have an eﬀect on how good the model recovers the network structure. What makes a diﬀerence is ﬁrstly the dimensions of the space the network was simulated in and secondly the diﬀerence between the true dimensions of the network and the ones used for the model. The model is able to best recover the network structure if the network and the model dimension are the same. It can also be observed that overﬁtting the model yields better results than underﬁtting.
Stable High‐Nitrogen Energetic Trinuclear Compounds based on 4‐Amino‐3, 5‐dimethyl‐1, 2, 4‐triazole: Synthesis, Structures, Thermal and Explosive Properties

Six multi-ligand coordination compounds of the general formula [M3(AMTz)4(N3)6] [M = Cu (1), Co (2), Ni (3), Zn (4), Mn (5), and Cd (6), AMTz = 4-amino-3, 5-dimethyl-1, 2, 4-triazole] were synthesized using 4-amino-3, 5-dimethyl-1, 2, 4-triazole (AMTz) and azido groups. Compounds 1–6 were characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, compound 4 was characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of 4 belongs to the monoclinic P21/c space group. Surprisingly, the Zn1 cations are five-coordinated with two AMTz molecules as the bidentate ligands through N1 and N5 atoms, two azido ligands with μ-1 coordination modes and one azido ligand with μ-1, 1 coordination mode. In addition, the Zn2 cation is six-coordinated with four AMTz molecules as the bidentate ligands through N2 and N6 atoms, and two azido ligands with μ-1, 1 coordination modes. Thermal decomposition mechanisms were determined based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and kinetic parameters of the first exothermic process were studied using Kissinger's and Ozawa's method, respectively. The critical temperatures of thermal explosion, entropies of activation (ΔS≠), enthalpies of activation (ΔH≠), and free energies of activation (ΔG≠) were calculated. In the end, the sensitivities properties were also determined with standard methods.
Silicon-on-insulator waveguide photodetector with self-ion-implantation-engineered-enhanced infrared response

We describe the fabrication and characterization of silicon-on-insulator, p+-i-n+ waveguide photodetectors with enhanced sensitivity to wavelengths around 1550nm. Increased sensitivity to sub-band-gap light results from the deliberate introduction of mid-band-gap defects via 1.5MeV silicon-ion implantation to a dose of 1×1012cm−2. For a waveguide of length of 6mm, an on-chip signal of 3.5dBm generates a photocurrent of 5μA while the defect-induced excess optical absorption is 8dB. Postimplantation annealing at a temperature of 300°C for 10min increases the photocurrent to 19μA, corresponding to a responsivity of 9mA∕W, while reducing the excess loss to 2dB. The devices described here are completely compatible with standard silicon processing and can be integrated easily with other photonic and electronic functionalities on the same silicon substrate.
Interactive comment on “Simulated Hydrologic Response to Projected Changes in Precipitation and Temperature in the Congo River Basin” by N. Aloysius and J. Saiers

3 Assessing the impacts of climate change on water resources of the Congo River Basin 4 (CRB) has attracted widespread attention. Of particular interest to water resource 5 planners and policy makers is the spatiotemporal variability of runoff due to the projected 6 changes in climate. Here, with the aid of a spatially explicit hydrological model forced 7 with precipitation and temperature projections from 25 global climate models (GCMs) 8 under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios, we elucidate the variability in runoff in the 9 near (2016-2035) and mid (2046-2065) 21st century compared to present. Over the 10 equatorial, northern and southwestern CRB, models project an overall increase in 11 precipitation and, subsequently runoff. A decrease in precipitation in the headwater 12 regions of southeastern Congo, leads to a decline in runoff. Climate model selection 13 plays an important role in precipitation projections, for both magnitude and direction of 14 change. Model cConsensus on the magnitude and the sign (increase or decrease) of 15 change is strong in the equatorial and northern parts of the basin, but weak in the 16 southern basin. The multi-model approach reveals that near-term projections are not 17 impacted by the emission scenarios. However, the mid-term projections depend on the 18 greenhouse gas emission scenario. The projected increase in accessible runoff (excluding 19 flood runoff) in most parts of CRB presents new opportunities for augmenting human 20 appropriation of water resources; at the same time, the increase in quick runoff poses new 21 challenges. In the southeast, with the projected decrease in accessible runoff, the 22
Plasma β-Amyloid in Mild Behavioural Impairment – Neuropsychiatric Symptoms on the Alzheimer’s Continuum

Introduction: Simple markers are required to recognize older adults at higher risk for neurodegenerative disease. Mild behavioural impairment (MBI) and plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) have been independently implicated in the development of incident cognitive decline and dementia. Here we studied the associations between MBI and plasma Aβ42/Aβ40. Methods: Participants with normal cognition (n = 86) or mild cognitive impairment (n = 53) were selected from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. MBI scores were derived from Neuropsychiatric Inventory items. Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios were assayed using mass spectrometry. Linear regressions were fitted to assess the association between MBI total score as well as MBI domain scores with plasma Aβ42/Aβ40. Results: Lower plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 was associated with higher MBI total score (p = 0.04) and greater affective dysregulation (p = 0.04), but not with impaired drive/motivation (p = 0.095) or impulse dyscontrol (p = 0.29) MBI domains. Conclusion: In persons with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment, MBI was associated with low plasma Aβ42/Aβ40. Incorporating MBI into case detection may help capture preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer’s disease.
A Betalain-rich Dietary Supplement, But Not PETN, Increases Vasodilation and Nitric Oxide: A Comparative, Single-dose, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Blinded, Crossover Pilot Study

Nutraceutical supplements have demonstrated promise as agents for improving athletic performance and for positively affecting cardiovascular health and vigor through modulation of endothelial function at the cellular level. High-nitrate products, such as red beet juices and powders, have been observed to improve athletic performance potentially through increased nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in the blood. Similarly, a patented low nitrate, low sugar betalain-rich supplement has also been reported to significantly improve athletic performance. To the best of our knowledge, no acute clinical studies have been conducted that have demonstrated the comparative efficacies of high-nitrate or betalain-rich, low nitrate materials on measures of endothelial function in real time. In this acute single-dose, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study, we examined the effects of the betalain-rich low nitrate dietary supplement, (BRS, 50mg), in comparison to pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN, 40mg), a pharmaceutical drug that is a potent source of organic nitrate, and a placebo, on various measures of endothelial function for up to 4-hours post-ingestion. More specifically, in order to gauge post-treatment changes in endothelial function we measured flow-mediated dilation (FMD), nitrite (NO2)/nitrate (NO3) content, circulating nitrosyl-hemoglobin (NOHb) concentration, and cellular metabolic activity (CMA) measured as generation of reactive oxygen species, a side reaction of oxidative-reductive cellular metabolism. Ten participants completed all arms of the study. Results suggest that within 2 hours, BRS, but not PETN or placebo, resulted in significantly elevated levels of NOHb (a measure of bioavailable NO●) (p = 0.017) and increased vasodilation as measured by FMD, (p = 0.025). As expected, due to its high nitrate content, NO2/NO3 levels were increased by PETN within 2-hours (p = 0.048), but not by BRS or placebo. Finally, under these experimental conditions, PETN and BRS produced no significant changes for mitochondrial, NADPH-oxidase dependent or cellular CMA. These data provide preliminary support for single-dose effectiveness of BRS, but not PETN, on levels of bioavailable NO● and FMD, both important measures of endothelial function. Additionally, these data suggest potentially different mechanisms of action related to low nitrate BRS and organic nitrate PETN.
A Predictive Model of Hydrogen Sorption for Metal―Organic Materials

Newly developed hydrogen and MOM (Metal−Organic Materials) potential energy functions for molecular simulation are presented. They are designed to be highly transferable while still describing sorbate−MOM interactions with predictive accuracy. Specifically, they are shown to quantitatively describe hydrogen sorption, including isosteric heats, in MOF-5 over the broad temperature and pressure ranges that have been examined experimentally. The approach that is adopted is general and demonstrates that highly accurate and predictive models of molecular interaction with MOMs are quite feasible. Molecular interactions giving rise to the isosteric heat have been characterized and validated against the experimentally relevant data. Finally, inspection of the isothermal compressibility of hydrogen in MOF-5 reveals that under saturating high-pressure conditions (even at temperatures well above the neat boiling point) the state of hydrogen is characteristic of a liquid, i.e., with a compressibility similar to that o.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity in β‐Ga2O3 Nanobelts

β-Ga2O3 nanobelts have been synthesized by a vapor transport process under different ambient oxygen. Their structural and optical properties were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence (PL), and absorbance measurements. Structural characterization revealed that the as-synthesized samples consist of monoclinic β-Ga2O3 nanobelts with comparable surface area. Samples prepared under high oxygen ambient possessed large numbers of gallium-associated defects confirmed by PL and absorbance measurements. The photocatalytic activity of β-Ga2O3 nanobelts was evaluated by the degradation of organic dyes (rhodamine B and methyl blue) under ultraviolet light illumination. The results demonstrated that β-Ga2O3 nanobelts exhibited superior photocatalytic activity and stability as compared with commercial β-Ga2O3 powder. The photocatalytic activity of β-Ga2O3 nanobelts was greatly enhanced and attributed to the large numbers of acceptor states associated with gallium defects. The origin of enhanced photocatalytic activity of β-Ga2O3 nanobelts was discussed.
Compartment size dependence of performance of polymerase chain reaction inside giant vesicles

The amplification of a 1229 bp template DNA that encoded the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was conducted in cell-sized giant vesicles (GVs, ϕ > 1 µm) using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The proportion of PCR-proceeded GV reached up to 16% of all GVs. The dependence of PCR on GV size was elucidated by flow cytometry analysis.
Estimation of genetic variability parameters in Punganur cattle by microsatellite markers

Assessment of genetic variability in Punganur breed of cattle in Andhra Pradesh was carried out using 20 microsatellite markers. The mean number of alleles was 7.9±0.475 with a range of five to fourteen and allele size varied from 79 to 309 bp. The allelic frequency of microsatellite alleles varied from 0.0037 to 0.3824. Allelic richness obtained within the breed had a mean value of 6.17053 ± 0.29669. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity values were 0.0202 ± 0.0079 and 0.8384 ± 0.1946, respectively. The mean of within population inbreeding and Shannon index values were 0.9756 ± 0.0094 and 1.89044, respectively. Higher PIC (0.8171) value indicated the scope for maintaining variation in population. The Punganur cattle population studied was found to be deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. High Inbreeding, shortfall of heterozygote’s and little genetic variation was noticed in Punganur population.
Computational Study of the Heat Transfer of the Buoyancy-Driven Rotating Cavity With Axial Throughflow of Cooling Air

Buoyancy driven flows that occur in the inter-disk space of an axial compressor spool play a major role in projecting gas turbine engine life and performance. The Rayleigh-Benard-like flow structure developed under the influence of centrifugal buoyancy creates sharp temperature gradients at the rotating walls of the compressor hardware. These sharp temperature gradients greatly influence the running stresses inside the machine and therefore affecting its life. The objective of this work is to generate a complete set of computationally-derived Nusselt number correlations that will be used in conducting the conjugate heat transfer analyses. The impact of engine power condition (Idle, Highpower, and Shutdown) on the heat transfer of these rotating cavities is studied under the wide range of operating conditions encountered by realistic turbomachines. A computational analysis is performed using commercially available computational tools for grid generation (ICEM-CFD) and turbulent-flow simulation (CFX). A total of fifty steady CFD cases for two different cavity configurations were analyzed. The CFD computed results of these cases were used to generate a complete set of Nusselt number correlations for different cavity geometry (gap ratios), flow regimes (forced and free convection dominated regimes), and operating conditions (Rossby Number Ro, Rotational Rayleigh Number RaΩ , and axial Reynolds Number Rez ). The CFD computed heat-transfer results revealed that, despite the complicated flow patterns inside these cavities, and despite the large variation in their geometry, the simple Nusselt number correlations for free convection from a vertical flat plate with constant temperature can be used to predict the global Nusselt number values for the buoyancy-dominated regime of all such cavities. Furthermore, the Nusselt number correlations for the laminar and turbulent forced convection over a flat plate can be used to predict the global Nusselt number values for the central-jet dominated regime.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Improving predictive performance on survival in dairy cattle using an ensemble learning approach

Cow survival is a complex trait that combines traits like milk production, fertility, health and environmental factors such as farm management. This complexity makes survival difficult to predict accurately. This is probably the reason why few studies attempted to address this problem and no studies are published that use ensemble methods for this purpose. We explored if we could improve prediction of cow survival to second lactation, when predicted at five different moments in a cow’s life, by combining the predictions of multiple (weak) methods in an ensemble method. We tested four ensemble methods: majority voting rule, multiple logistic regression, random forest and naive Bayes. Precision, recall, balanced accuracy, area under the curve (AUC) and gains in proportion of surviving cows in a scenario where the best 50% were selected were used to evaluate the ensemble model performance. We also calculated correlations between the ensemble models and obtained McNemar’s test statistics. We compared the performance of the ensemble methods against those of the individual methods. We also tested if there was a difference in performance metrics when continuous (from 0 to 1) and binary (0 or 1) prediction outcomes were used. In general, using continuous prediction output resulted in higher performance metrics than binary ones. AUCs for models ranged from 0.561 to 0.731, with generally increasing performance at moments later in life. Precision, AUC and balanced accuracy values improved significantly for the naive Bayes and multiple logistic regression ensembles in at least one data set, although performance metrics did remain low overall. The multiple logistic regression ensemble method resulted in equal or better precision, AUC, balanced accuracy and proportion of animals surviving on all datasets and was significantly different from the other ensembles in three out of five moments. The random forest ensemble method resulted in the least significant improvement over the individual methods.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN UPLC METHOD FOR THE RAPID SEPARATION OF POSITIONAL ISOMERS AND POTENTIAL IMPURITIES OF RIVASTIGMINE HYDROGEN TARTRATE IN DRUG SUBSTANCE AND DRUG PRODUCT

Although a number of methods are available for evaluating Rivastigmine hydrogen tartrate (RIV) and its possible impurities, a common method for separation if its potential impurities and positional isomers with good efficiency remains unavailable. With the objective of developing an advanced method for rapid separations with shorter runtimes, a simple, precise, accurate stability-indicating gradient reverse phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-UPLC) coupled with a photodiode array detector method was developed for the quantitative determination of RIV and its impurities in drug substance and drug product. The determination was done for an active pharmaceutical ingredient, its pharmaceutical dosage form in the presence of degradation products, and its process-related impurities. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Acquity UPLC BEH Phenyl (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) column with a mobile phase containing a gradient mixture of solvents A and B. The compounds eluted within a short runtime of 10 min and were monitored at 210 nm with the flow rate and the column oven temperature of 0.4 mL/min and 40°C, respectively. The resolution of RIV and its eleven impurities (positional and potential) was greater than 2.0 for all pairs of components. The newly developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, and robustness. Forced degradation studies were also performed to demonstrate the stability indicating power of the developed UPLC method.
Influence of Kinesio tape on lower limb muscular activity after knee joint rehabilitation program

This study aimed to identify the effect of using Kinesio tape on the neuromuscular activity of quadriceps muscle after the rehabilitation program of the knee joint. Ten players participated in present study (age: 26.20 ± 1.69 years; body mass: 77.10 ± 4.48 kg; height: 172.30 ± 5.46 cm). The EMG signals were stored at a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz and digitized using a 16-bit analogue to digital (A/D) converter. EMG data were processed using ProEMG software (Myon 320, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland). Raw EMG data was band-pass (20 Hz450 Hz) applying a Butterworth filter. The signals were preprocessed using full-wave rectified and a linear envelope obtained using the Root Mean Square (RMS) approach with a window size of 300 ms. Data was normalised to the peak muscle activity value over each attempt (%MAX). Descriptive statistics were reported as means and standard deviations (mean ± Std. Deviation). The normality of the data was analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Independent Ttest was used to detect significant differences and compare the mean of each variable between single-leg squat and balance tests. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software Statistics v21 SPSS Inc., USA) with significance level defined as p < 0.05 for each test. The results of the present study showed that applying KT around the knee joint after rehabilitation program does not promote immediate changes or effects on the lower limb muscle activities of (VL, RF, VM, BF, ST, L_GAST, and M_GAST.
The chemical potential of simple fluids in a common class of integral equation closures

An explicit formula for the chemical potential (μ) of simple fluids is derived for a whole class of integral equation theories, including the Percus–Yevick approximation and some other, more recently proposed closures. This formula only requires the pair correlation functions for one single state of the system, and applies to both homogeneous and inhomogeneous fluids. The coupling parameter integration method to calculate the chemical potential—where one particle is gradually coupled to the rest—is also investigated. It is shown that the μ value obtained in the approximate theories is not unique, but depends on the integration path. This behavior is due to inconsistencies of the approximation, which are discussed in some detail. For a certain choice of integration path the μ values obtained using the latter method agree with those from the explicit formula. Numerical results for the different closures are presented for a hard sphere fluid. The accuracy of μ depends strongly on the quality of the bridge function inside the hard core diameter.
Development of Tissue Adhesives Based on Amphiphilic Isocyanate-Terminated Trimethylene Carbonate Block Copolymers

In this study, novel 3-armed star-shaped isocyanate-terminated block copolymers based on trimethylolpropane ethoxylate (TMPE) and trimethylene carbonate (TMC) varying in composition were designed and synthesized. By reaction with water, networks were formed. The characteristics of these networks were compared with those prepared from analogous linear structures based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) and TMC. Tensile testing of the networks highlighted good mechanical properties. In lap shear adhesion tests to chamois leather, very good bonding strengths of up to 0.6 MPa were obtained. These values compare favorably with those of Dermabond®, which is currently one of the strongest clinically used tissue adhesives
Characterization of the spatial distributions of entrapped polymers following the surface engineering of poly(lactic acid)

In earlier studies we have demonstrated physical entrapment as a method of surface‐modifying poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by immobilizing poly(L‐lysine) (PLL) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) at the PLA surface. In this study, we have used a combination of time‐of‐flight (ToF) SIMS and XPS image analysis to determine the surface homogeneity of these systems. The ToF‐SIMS imaging was used to investigate the effect of various surface‐engineering conditions on the lateral distribution of PLL‐modified PLA. The PLA surface modification was revealed to produce micron‐scale PLL‐rich domains following prolonged exposure to the partial solvent system that is used during the entrapment process. As the static SIMS analysis of PEG/PLA surfaces did not produce distinguishing ions of a sufficient intensity between the two polymers, this technique could not generate lateral contrast, and imaging XPS was therefore employed to determine the surface distributions of these two species. Phase separation was again detected under extended surface engineering conditions. With both systems, optimization of the process conditions was shown to inhibit the creation of a heterogeneous surface. Surface segregation may result in suboptimal performance of the biomaterial and this study therefore highlights the importance of determining spatial organizations when modifying polymer interfaces. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.