Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Titration Curves and Titration Errors in Donor Acceptor Titrations of Displacement and Electronic Transference Reactions

An overview of the state of the art concerning with earlier approaches to titration in redox systems is given in this chapter, in which an overview on redox bibliography has also been undertaken. Titration error has been the subject of a variety of excellent papers, but the number of papers dealing with titration error in redox titrations is scarce. However, a single hyperbolic sine expression for the titration error in donor/acceptor titration of displacement and electronic transference reactions is derived in this chapter. The titration error expression is applicable to symmetrical redox reactions, that is to say, those in which no polynuclear species are involved in the equilibria. The donor versus acceptor particle notation is chosen to accentuate the analogy with that used in the description of acids and bases following the steps given by the French School and other recognized authors (Budevsky, Butler, Charlot, Gauguin, Inczedy, Monnier, Rosset). A diagram for the titration error in function of the difference between the end and equivalence point (pX) is drawn in order to facilitate the graphical calculation of titration error. A detailed error analysis concerning with the propagation of systematic and random error propagation in the titration error is given.
Impact of mountain pine beetle induced mortality on forest carbon and water fluxes

Quantifying impacts of ecological disturbance on ecosystem carbon and water fluxes will improve predictive understanding of biosphere—atmosphere feedbacks. Tree mortality caused by mountain pine bark beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae) is hypothesized to decrease photosynthesis and water flux to the atmosphere while increasing respiration at a rate proportional to mortality. This work uses data from an eddy-covariance flux tower in a bark beetle infested lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest to test ecosystem responses during the outbreak. Analyses were conducted on components of carbon (C) and water fluxes in response to disturbance and environmental factors (solar radiation, soil water content and vapor pressure deficit). Maximum CO2 uptake did not change as tree basal area mortality increased from 30 to 78% over three years of beetle disturbance. Growing season evapotranspiration varied among years while ecosystem water use efficiency (the ratio of net CO2 uptake to water vapor loss) did not change. Between 2009 and 2011, canopy water conductance increased from 98.6 to 151.7 mmol H2O m−2 s−1. Ecosystem light use efficiency of photosynthesis increased, with quantum yield increasing by 16% during the outbreak as light increased below the mature tree canopy and illuminated remaining vegetation more. Overall net ecosystem productivity was correlated with water flux and hence water availability. Average weekly ecosystem respiration, derived from light response curves and standard Ameriflux protocols for CO2 flux partitioning into respiration and gross ecosystem productivity, did not change as mortality increased. Separate effects of increased respiration and photosynthesis efficiency largely canceled one another out, presumably due to increased diffuse light in the canopy and soil organic matter decomposition resulting in no change in net CO2 exchange. These results agree with an emerging consensus in the literature demonstrating CO2 and H2O dynamics following large scale disturbance events are dependent not only on tree mortality but also on the remaining and new vegetation responses because mortality and recovery occur at the same time.
A Survey of Grammar Checkers for Natural Languages

Natural Language processing is an interdisciplinary branch of linguistic and computer science studied under the Artificial Intelligence (AI) that gave birth to an allied area called ‘Computational Linguistic’ which focuses on processing of natural languages on computational devices. A natural language consists of a large number of sentences which are linguistic units involving one or more words linked together in accordance with a set of predefined rules called grammar. Grammar checking is the task of validating sentences syntactically and is a prominent tool within language engineering. Our review draws on the recent development of various grammar checkers to look at past, present and the future in a new light. Our review covers grammar checkers of many languages with the aim of seeking their approaches, methodologies for developing new tool and system as a whole. The survey concludes with the discussion of various features included in existing grammar checkers of foreign languages as well as a few Indian Languages.
Developing educational program for Nurses' Related to Infection Control of Invasive Procedures in Neonatal Units at EL-Minia University and General Hospitals

All neonates at the neonatal units need invasive procedure where nearly, all of them are attached to various types of invasive procedure so infection control within a health care facility reduces the risk of nosocomial infectious thus decreases morbidity and mortality. It is associated, as well, with a decreased need to stay in the hospital for an extra-day to many weeks so the cost decreased. Aiming to develop and apply educational and training program for nurses' about infection control of invasive procedure in neonatal units. This study is a quasi- experimental study. It was conducted in the neonatal units at El-Minia University and General Hospitals. The study group was a convenient sample of 40 nurses, 22 nurses from El-Minia University and 18 nurses from El-Minia General Hospitals. Educational program for nurses' were done through using the following data collection tool: 1) Pre-designed questionnaire sheet, 2) Observation checklists sheet and 3) Educational and training program. Results of this study showed significant progress in nurses' knowledge and practices in post/test. Concluded that, by the implementation of the program there was remarkable improvement of nurses' knowledge and practices, it was clear in post-test results. Recommended a developed program should be applied and repeat again every 6 months in the same study setting and adopted in other similar settings with required modifications, provision of continuing education programs. (Nagat Farouk Abolwafa, Wafaa Elsayed Ouda, Fathia Zaky Mohammed and Eman Sayed Masoed. Developing educational program for Nurses' Related to Infection Control of Invasive Procedures in Neonatal Units at EL-Minia University and General Hospitals. J Am Sci 2013;9(10):286-293). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 37
Improving Animal-Human Cohabitation with Machine Learning in Fiber-Wireless Networks

In this paper, we investigate an animal-human cohabitation problem with the help of machine learning and fiber-wireless (FiWi) access networks integrating cloud and edge (fog) computing. We propose an early warning system which detects wild animals nearby road/rail with the help of wireless sensor networks and alerts passing vehicles of possible animal crossing. Additionally, we show that animals' detection at the earliest and the related processing, if possible, at sensors would reduce the energy consumption of edge devices and the end-to-end delay in notifying vehicles, as compared to the scenarios where raw sensed data needs to be transferred up the base stations or the cloud. At the same time, machine learning helps in classification of captured images at edge devices, and in predicting different time-varying traffic profiles-- distinguished by latency and bandwidth requirements-- at base stations, including animal appearance events at sensors, and allocating bandwidth in FiWi access networks accordingly. We compare three scenarios of processing data at sensor nodes, base stations and a hybrid case of processing sensed data at either sensors or at base stations, and showed that dynamic allocation of bandwidth in FiWi access networks and processing data at its origin leads to lowering the congestion of network traffic at base stations and reducing the average end-to-end delay.
ydrological and ecological responses of ecosystems to extreme recipitation regimes : A test of empirical-based hypotheses with an cosystem model

Many uncertainties exist in our quest to understand and predict how terrestrial ecosystems will respond to climate change. A particularly challenging issue is how increases in extreme precipitation regimes, which are characterized by larger but fewer individual precipitation events, will impact ecosystems. Based on a wide-ranging review of empirical studies of both hydrological and ecological processes, Knapp et al. (2008) generated a suite of hypotheses positing how these processes would respond to an increase in extreme precipitation regimes and, from this, concluded that mesic ecosystems would be more detrimentally impacted than xeric ones. In this study we present the first thorough test of these hypotheses by examining how forest, shrubland, grassland and desert ecosystems of the Tibetan Plateau, having very different vegetation and climate characteristics, respond to more extreme rainfall regimes. We accomplished this by using a simulation model (Biome-BGC) to examine the integrated behavior of these ecosystems based on the simultaneous responses and interactions of 10 hydrological and ecological processes: runoff, canopy evaporation, soil evaporation, soil water storage, transpiration, net primary productivity, soil respiration, net ecosystem exchange, nitrogen [N] mineralization, and N leaching. We ran forty-year simulations (1986–2008) where we manipulated mean growing season precipitation to create more extreme intra-annual precipitation regimes characterized by lower precipitation frequencies, longer dry periods, and larger individual (daily) precipitation events. When compared to ambient conditions, our simulations showed that increases in extreme rainfall regimes (1) impacted all hydrological processes in mesic ecosystems, resulting in a reduction of soil mineral N due to increased leaching; and (2) enhanced plant growth in xeric ecosystems, leading to larger and denser canopies and higher light interception. The responses of hydrological processes tended to follow Knapp et al.’s hypotheses more so than ecological responses. Overall, responses of mesic ecosystems closely followed the hypotheses but xeric ecosystems were highly variable and only weakly consistent with them. Our findings provide new insights as to how more extreme rainfall regimes may potentially affect the functioning of terrestrial
Education Can Compensate for Society – a Bit

ABSTRACT In this paper I reflect on the findings of a number of loosely related research projects undertaken with colleagues over the last ten years. Their common theme is equity, in formal education and beyond, in wider family and social settings, and with inequity expressed as the stratification of a variety of educational outcomes. The projects are based on a standard mixture of pre-existing records, official documents, large-scale surveys, observations, interviews and focus groups. The numeric data were largely used to create biographical models of educational experiences, and the in-depth data were used to try to explain individual decisions and disparities at each stage of the model. Data have been collected for England and Wales, in five other countries of the European Union and for Japan. A meta-view of these various findings suggests that national school intakes tend to be at least moderately segregated by prior attainment and socio-economic factors, and that learning outcomes as assessed by formal means, such as examinations, are heavily stratified by these same factors. There is no convincing evidence that compulsory schooling does very much to overcome the initial disparity in the resources and attainment of school intakes. On the other hand, there are indications that the nature of a national school system and the social experiences of young people in schools can begin to equalise educational outcomes as more widely envisaged, including learning to trust and willingness to help others, aspirations, and attitudes to continuing in education and training. The cost-free implications of the argument in this paper, if accepted, are that everything possible should be done to make school intakes comprehensive, and that explicit consideration, by teachers and leaders, of the applied principles of equity could reduce potentially harmful misunderstandings in educational contexts.
DYSFUNCTIONAL CD39 REGULATORY T CELLS AND ABERRANT CONTROL OF T HELPER TYPE 17 CELLS IN AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS Short title: CD39 REGULATORY T CELLS IN AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS

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Site-Specific Differentiation of Fibroblasts in Normal and Scleroderma Skin

Abstract : The central hypothesis of this research is that the site-specific differentiation of fibroblasts plays an important role in the anatomic specificity of systemic sclerosis (SSc). During the funding period, (i) we identified appropriate markers and technologies for systematic investigation of the positional identity of fibroblasts, both in normal and diseased tissues. (ii) We found that long noncoding RNAs are the predominant position specific output of the HOX loci, and their misexpression in systemic sclerosis suggests that altered fibroblast positional identity is involved. (iii) Ongoing studies suggest that some long noncoding RNAs are being mis-expressed in activated fibroblasts from SSc.
Symmetric Edit Lenses: A New Foundation for Bidirectional Languages

Lenses are bidirectional transformations between pairs of connected structures capable of translating an edit on one structure into an edit on the other. Most of the extensive existing work on lenses has focused on the special case of asymmetric lenses, where one structures is taken as primary and the other is thought of as a projection or view. Some symmetric variants exist, where each structure contains information not present in the other, but these all lack the basic operation of composition. Additionally, existing accounts do not represent edits carefully, making incremental operation difficult or producing unsatisfactory synchronization candidates. We present a new symmetric formulation which works with descriptions of changes to structures, rather than with the structures themselves. We construct a semantic space of edit lenses between “editable structures”—monoids of edits with a partial monoid action for applying edits—with natural laws governing their behavior. We present generalizations of a number of known constructions on asymmetric lenses and settle some longstanding questions about their properties—in particular, we prove the existence of (symmetric monoidal) tensor products and sums and the non-existence of full categorical products and sums in a category of lenses. Universal algebra shows how to build iterator lenses for structured data such as lists and trees, yielding lenses for operations like mapping, filtering, and concatenation from first principles. More generally, we provide mapping combinators based on the theory of containers. Finally, we present a prototype implementation of the core theory and take a first step in addressing the challenge of translating between user gestures and the internal representation of edits. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Computer and Information Science First Advisor Benjamin C. Pierce
FDTD Analysis of Millimeter Wave Binary Photon Sieve Fresnel Zone Plate

In the paper, we report about the possibilities to apply the photon sieve principle to binary diffractive lens in millimeter wave band. The FDTD simulation showing the idea of the photon sieve application to millimeter wave optics does not allow increasing the resolution power. The reason is the small number of holes in the FZP aperture. But such simulation results may be used as computational experiments of simple scale in millimeter wave allowing obtaining insight into physical systems which are characterized by nanometric objects, because the D/f and D/λ are almost the same.
Motion and morphometry in clinical populations

16 Introduction 17 The relationship between participant motion, demographic variables and MRI-derived 18 morphometric estimates was investigated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention 19 deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia. Participant motion was 20 estimated using resting state fMRI and used as a proxy measure for motion during T1w 21 MRI acquired in the same session. Analyses were carried out in scans qualitatively 22 assessed as free from motion-related artifact. 23 Methods 24 Whole brain T1-weighted MRI and resting state fMRI acquisitions from the ABIDE, 25 ADHD-200 and COBRE databases were included in our analyses. Motion was estimated 26 using coregistration of sequential resting state volumes. Morphometric estimates were 27 obtained using Freesurfer v5.3. We investigated if motion is related to diagnosis, age and 28 gender, and scanning site. We further determined if there is a relationship between 29 participant motion and cortical thickness, contrast, and volumetric estimates. 30 Results 31 2131 participants were included in our analyses. Participant motion was higher in all 32 clinical groups compared with healthy controls. Younger (age < 20 years) and older (age 33 > 40 years) people move more than individuals aged 20 – 40 years. Increased motion is 34 associated with reduced average cortical thickness (-0.02 mm thickness per mm motion, p 35 = 4.03×10) and cortical contrast (0.95% contrast reduction per mm motion, p = 5.25×10 36 ) in scans that have been qualitatively assessed as free from motion artifact. 37 Conclusions 38 PeerJ PrePrints | https://dx.doi. org/10.7287/peerj.preprints. 1363v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 12 Sep 2015, publ: 12 Sep 2015 P re P rin ts Participant motion is increased in clinical groups and is systematically associated with 39 morphometric estimates. These findings indicate that accounting for participant motion 40 may be important for improving the statistical validity of morphometric studies. 41 42 PeerJ PrePrints | https://dx.doi. org/10.7287/peerj.preprints. 1363v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 12 Sep 2015, publ: 12 Sep 2015 P re P rin ts 43
Nonvolatile MoS2 field effect transistors directly gated by single crystalline epitaxial ferroelectric

We demonstrate non-volatile, n-type, back-gated, MoS2 transistors, placed directly on an epitaxial grown, single crystalline, PbZr0.2Ti0. 8O3 (PZT) ferroelectric. The transistors show decent ON current (19 μA/μm), high on-off ratio (107), and a subthreshold swing of (SS ∼ 92 mV/dec) with a 100 nm thick PZT layer as the back gate oxide. Importantly, the ferroelectric polarization can directly control the channel charge, showing a clear anti-clockwise hysteresis. We have self-consistently confirmed the switching of the ferroelectric and corresponding change in channel current from a direct time-dependent measurement. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to obtain transistor operation directly on polar surfaces, and therefore, it should be possible to integrate 2D electronics with single crystalline functional oxides.
A picture is worth a thousand words: Using OpenClipArt library for enriching IndoWordNet

WordNet has proved to be immensely useful for Word Sense Disambiguation, and thence Machine translation, Information Retrieval and Question Answering. It can also be used as a dictionary for educational purposes. The semantic nature of concepts in a WordNet motivates one to try to express this meaning in a more visual way. In this paper, we describe our work of enriching IndoWordNet with image acquisitions from the OpenClipArt library. We describe an approach used to enrich WordNets for eighteen Indian languages. Our contribution is three fold: (1) We develop a system, which, given a synset in English, finds an appropriate image for the synset. The system uses the OpenclipArt library (OCAL) to retrieve images and ranks them. (2) After retrieving the images, we map the results along with the linkages between Princeton WordNet and Hindi WordNet, to link several synsets to corresponding images. We choose and sort top three images based on our ranking heuristic per synset. (3) We develop a tool that allows a lexicographer to manually evaluate these images. The top images are shown to a lexicographer by the evaluation tool for the task of choosing the best image representation. The lexicographer also selects the number of relevant images. Using our system, we obtain an Average Precision (P @ 3) score of 0.30.
Title DNA-based nano-sized systems for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications

DNA is one of the most important components for all living organisms and many species, including humans, use DNA to store and transmit genetic information to new generations. Recent advances in the handling of DNA have made it possible to use DNA as a building block of nano-sized materials with precisely designed architectures. Although various approaches have been proposed to obtain DNA assemblies with designed architecture in the nanoto micrometer range, there is little information about their interaction with biological components, including target molecules. Understanding the interaction between DNA assemblies and the body is highly important for successful pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Here, we first review the basic aspects of externally administered DNA molecules, including the stability, permeability and delivery issues. Then, we discuss the unique responses observed in the interaction of structured DNA assemblies and cells expressing Toll-like receptor-9, the receptor responsible for the recognition of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides that are abundant in the DNA of invading pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses.
Effects of ion bombardment on a two-dimensional target: Atomistic simulations of graphene irradiation

Using atomistic computer simulations based on analytical potential and density-functional theory models, we study effects of ion irradiation on graphene. We identify the types and concentrations of defects which appear in graphene under impacts of various ions with energies ranging from tens of electron volts to mega-electron volts. For two-dimensional targets, defects beyond single and double vacancies are formed via in-plane recoils. We demonstrate that the conventional approach based on binary-collision approximation and stochastic algorithms developed for bulk solids cannot be applied to graphene and other low-dimensional systems. Finally, taking into account the gas-holding capacity of graphene, we suggest the use of graphene as the ultimate membrane for ion-beam analysis of gases and other volatile systems which cannot be put in the high vacuum required for the operation of ion beams.