Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aerosol source apportionment from 1-year measurements at the CESAR tower in Cabauw, the Netherlands

Abstract. Intensive measurements of submicron aerosol particles and their chemical composition were performed with an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) at the Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research (CESAR) in Cabauw, the Netherlands, sampling at 5 m height above ground. The campaign lasted nearly 1 year from July 2012 to June 2013 as part of the EU-FP7-ACTRIS project (Q-ACSM Network). Including equivalent black carbon an average particulate mass concentration of 9.50 µg m−3 was obtained during the whole campaign with dominant contributions from ammonium nitrate (45 %), organic aerosol (OA, 29 %), and ammonium sulfate (19 %). There were 12 exceedances of the World Health Organization (WHO) PM2.5 daily mean limit (25 µg m−3) observed at this rural site using PM1 instrumentation only. Ammonium nitrate and OA represented the largest contributors to total particulate matter during periods of exceedance. Source apportionment of OA was performed season-wise by positive matrix factorization (PMF) using the multilinear engine 2 (ME-2) controlled via the source finder (SoFi). Primary organic aerosols were attributed mainly to traffic (8–16 % contribution to total OA, averaged season-wise) and biomass burning (0–23 %). Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs, 61–84 %) dominated the organic fraction during the whole campaign, particularly on days with high mass loadings. A SOA factor which is attributed to humic-like substances (HULIS) was identified as a highly oxidized background aerosol in Cabauw. This shows the importance of atmospheric aging processes for aerosol concentration at this rural site. Due to the large secondary fraction, the reduction of particulate mass at this rural site is challenging on a local scale.
A Theory of Debt Market Illiquidity and Leverage Cyclicality

We analyze determinants of secondary debt market liquidity, identifying conditions under which a large investor can profitably buy stakes from small bondholders and offer unilateral debt relief to a distressed firm. We show that endogenous trading by small bondholders may result in multiple equilibria. Some equilibria entail vanishing liquidity and sharp increases in yields absent changing fundamentals. In turn, anticipation of illiquid equilibria induces firms to eschew public debt financing, since such equilibria create higher bankruptcy costs and debt illiquidity discounts. The model thus offers a rational micro-foundation for stylized facts commonly attributed to investor sentiment and CFO market timing. Finally, we show that the vulnerability of debt markets to multiple equilibria is highest during downturns, when small bondholders face severe adverse selection. The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. , Oxford University Press.
Evidence of Convergence to a Signaling Equilibrium for California Wine 2001-2005

Much research has examined Akerlof’s ＂lemons＂ problem, however, very little has addressed convergence to a Spence signaling equilibrium. We examine this convergence issue by testing whether the explained variance in wine prices for California Cabernet Sauvignon improves as the same set of wines progress through subsets of consecutive years. The data are from Wine Spectator and organized in subsets of common wines for 2004 to 2005, 2003 to 2005, 2002 to 2005, and 2001 to 2005. We perform regressions of wine price on quality attributes for each year in each data subset. Using the R-square and mean square error from these regressions, we then perform a trend analysis to examine the factors influencing the improvement of the Rsquare through each year and each wine subset. We find that position or year in the wine subset is a significant determinant of goodness of fit after accounting for year and sample affects. This result, while not conclusive, may suggest some degree of wine price convergence within these subsets of wines.
A Value Platform Analysis Perspective on Customer Access Information Technology

Customer access information technologies (CAITs) provide a link between afirm and its customers. Firms invest in CAITs to reduce costs, increase revenuesand market share, lock in existing customers and capture new ones. These benefits,however, are notoriously difficult to measure. This paper proposes an evaluativemethod for CAlT deployment called value platform analysis, that is based on aconceptual model drawn from the theory of retail outlet deployment in marketingscience. The model focuses on the impact of CAIT features and environmentalfeatures on transactions generated by the CAIT. Specific econometric models aredeveloped for deployment. Hypotheses regarding the likely impact of automatedteller machine (ATM) location design choices and environmental features on ATMtransactions are evaluated. The results indicate that there are a number of keyfeatures influencing ATM performance. Two distinct ATM deployment scenariosemerge: one for servicing a bank's own customers, and another for providingtransaction services for customers for a fee.
Acousto-optical nanoscopy of buried photonic nanostructures

We develop a nanoscopy method with in-depth resolution for layered photonic devices. Photonics often requires tailored light field distributions for the optical modes used, and an exact knowledge of the geometry of a device is crucial to assess its performance. The presented acousto-optical nanoscopy method is based on the uniqueness of the light field distributions in photonic devices: for a given wavelength, we record the reflectivity modulation during the transit of a picosecond acoustic pulse. The temporal profile obtained can be linked to the internal light field distribution. From this information, a reverse-engineering procedure allows us to reconstruct the light field and the underlying photonic structure very precisely. We apply this method to the slow light mode of an AlAs/GaAs micropillar resonator and show its validity for the tailored experimental conditions.
A socio-ecological model of agency: The role of psycho-social and socioeconomic resources in shaping education and employment transitions in England

This study examines the role of structural and agentic resources in shaping school-to-work transitions in England. We ask to what extent are young people able to steer the course of their lives despite the constraining forces of social structure, and how satisfied are they with their lives following the completion of compulsory schooling. Drawing on data from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England we use sequence analysis of monthly activity data to identify differences in the timing and sequencing of education and employment transitions. We identified six distinct pathways, differentiating between an academic track, three pathways involving further education and training, as well as a work-focused transition and a group of young people who were over a long period not in education or training (NEET). The findings suggest that not all young people are inclined to follow an academic track and instead select into pathways involving vocational training or further education, enabling them to experience competence and life satisfaction. For others, however, the lack of socioeconomic and psycho-social resources is too overwhelming and they encounter long-term experience of NEET or are not able to transform their educational credentials into employment opportunities. The findings highlight that in addition to considering structural constraints it is important to conceptualise the role of the agent for a better understanding of variations in youth transitions
Modeling Patient Flows: A Temporal Logic Approach

Constructing a consistent process model can be instrumental in streamlining healthcare issues. Current process modeling techniques used in healthcare, such as flowcharts, unified modeling language activity diagram (UML AD), and business process modeling notation (BPMN) are intuitive and imprecise. These techniques are vague in process description and cannot fully capture the complexities of the types of activities and full extent of temporal constraints between them. Additionally, to schedule patient flows, current modeling techniques do not offer any mechanism, so healthcare relies on critical path method (CPM) and program evaluation review technique (PERT), that also have limitations i.e. finish-start barrier. It is imperative that temporal constraints between the start and/or end of a process needs to be speciﬁed, e.g., the start of A precedes the start (or end) of B, etc., however, these approaches failed to provide us with a mechanism for handling these temporal situations. This paper proposes a framework that provides enumeration of core terms/concepts to describe a general knowledge basis for Business and Healthcare domains. Definitions are provided to present the semantics of concepts i.e. based on their ontology. Furthermore, this logical basis is supported by Point graph (PG) notation; a graphical tool, which has a formal translation to a point interval temporal logic (PITL), and is used to model Patient flows suitable for enhanced reasoning and correct representation. We will evaluate an illustrative discharge patient flow example initially modeled using Unified Modeling Language Activity Diagram (UML AD) with the intention to compare with the technique presented here for its potential use to model patient flows.
Is a ‘quiet eye’ all it takes to be successful? Comment on Vickers

1 Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 2 The Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel 3 Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom * KU Leuven, Department of Kinesiology, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Tervuursevest 101, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium, Tel: +32 1632 9068, Fax: +32 1632 9197, Email: werner.helsen@faber.kuleuven. be
RPIM and RPIM-MLS based MDLSM method for the solution of elasticity problems

One of the main difficulties in the development of meshless methods using the Moving Least Squares approximation, such as Mixed Discrete Least SquaresMeshless (MDLSM) method, is the imposition of the essential boundary conditions. In this paper the RPIM shape function, which satisfies the properties of the Kronecker delta condition, is employed in the Mixed Discrete Least SquaresMeshless (MDLSM)method for solving the elasticity problems. Accordingly, two new MDLSM formulation is proposed in this article namely RPIM-based MDLSM and coupled MLS-RPIM MDLSM formulation. The essential boundary conditions can be imposed directly in both presented methods.The proposed methods are used for the solution of three benchmark elasticity problems and the results are presented and compared with the available analytical solutions and those of MLS-based MDLSM formulation. In addition, in each example different types of nodal distributions, regular and irregular configurations, are considered to test the performance of the presented methods. The numerical tests indicates higher accuracy of the suggested approaches in comparison with the MLS-based MDLSM method.
Effects of Multiplications on Additions in Children

Simple multiplications have been shown to interfere with the realization of simple additions in adults. There is also some evidence suggesting that children’s performance in simple additions decreases when they are learning multiplications. This study aimed at directly examining multiplication-related interference in children who are learning to multiply. Thirty-eight fourth-graders had to solve additions presented alone (control condition) or immediately after a short multiplication task (interference condition). It appeared that, in the interference condition, children were slower and used direct memory retrieval less often to solve additions than in the control one, indicating that multiplication-related interference occurs even in a developing arithmetic facts network. Then, we examined two variables that could modulate these multiplication-related interference effects: Inhibition and multiplications skills. We found that multiplication-related interference did not vary as a function of inhibition capacities. On the contrary, when analysing children’s performance in addition as a function of their abilities to solve the counterpart multiplications, we found that children with poorer performances showed greater interference effect. These findings are discussed in the light of current models of arithmetic facts.
First-grade gardeners more likely to taste vegetables

To encourage first-graders to increase their consumption of fruits and vegetables, a garden-enhanced nutrition education program was developed and taught to them. The study was a pilot to assess the feasibility of garden-based education programs for elementary-school students. The first-grade children learned about nutrition in the classroom while growing vegetables outdoors in their own gardens. This experience resulted in the children's increased willingness to taste those vegetables grown in the gardens. Improving children's desire to taste vegetables is thought to be the first step in developing healthier consumption patterns.
Viability of Self-Employment

Abstract Empirical studies on self-employment uniformly cite the high mortality rate in both developed and developing countries. Several studies on the entry into self-employment incorporate a savings constraint. Policy makers and international aid agencies have responded by providing credit to would-be entrepreneurs yet the mortality rate persists. We formulate a model of the viability of self-employment that incorporates the impact of cost perceptions at the time of entry. We use the ability to meet monthly loan repayment ratios as a measure of viability since loans are usually the largest explicit cost. Our results have important policy implications on the desirability of interest rate subsidies, the size of initial capital relative to market size and criteria for granting additional credit to existing enterprises.
Relationship between coaching climates and student-athletes’ symptoms of burnout in school and sports.

Coaches are important socializing agents for youth athletes (Horn, 2008) and coach-created motivational climates have been found to be associated with athletes’ welland ill-being (Bartholomew, Ntoumanis, & Thogersen-Ntoumani, 2010; Kipp & Weiss, 2013). The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) what kind of coaching climates can be found in sport high schools in Finland; and (2) how these coaching climates are related to student-athletes’ burnout in school and in sports. Moreover, interaction effects between the coaching climates and background variables in burnout were investigated. A total of 414 student-athletes, aged 1718, from seven sport high schools participated in this study. In addition to background information, the participants filled in Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire—Coach (EDMCQ-C; Appleton, Ntoumanis, Quested, Viladrich, & Duda, 2016) to measure their perceived coaching climate; and School Burnout Inventory (SBI, Salmela-Aro & Näätänen, 2005) and Sport Burnout Inventory-Dual Career Form (Sorkkila, Ryba, Aunola, Selänne, & Salmela-Aro, 2017b) to assess athletes’ burnout symptoms (inadequacy, cynicism and exhaustion) in school and sport, respectively. K-means cluster analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to analyze the data. Three coaching climates were identified: disempowering, empowering and intermediate. Student-athletes in disempowering coaching climate experienced higher levels of school and sport burnout than student-athletes in other two coaching climates’ groups, whereas participants in empowering coaching climate had lower levels of school and sport burnout. Student-athletes in intermediate group experienced lower levels of school and sport burnout compared to student-athletes in disempowering group, but higher levels than student-athletes in empowering group. Finally, grade point average (GPA) was found to interact with the coaching climates in school burnout. The study findings support previous research on associations between coaching climates and athletes’ well-being. In addition, it offers timely insights into the ways high school coaches may play a role in student-athletes’ burnout not only within but also across domains of sport and school.
Analytical Chemistry: An Indian Journal

Introduction Enzalutamide is chemically, 4-{3-[4-cyano-3-(trifluromethyl) phenyl]-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl}-2fluoro-N-methylbenzamide (FIG. 1) [1]. The therapeutic indication of EZA is treatment of adult men for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer, who have received docetaxel therapy [2]. The malignant transformation of prostate epithelial tissue is due to altered pattern of gene expression by androgen receptor (AR) [3]. EZA is non-steroidal androgen inhibitor, acts by binding to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of AR and diminished nuclear translocation, DNA binding and recruitment of AR co-activators also, suppress prostate cancer cell growth by activating the TGF-β pathway [4,5]. Abstract Two simple, rapid, precise and novel spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of Enzalutamide (EZA) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage form. A novel, non-steroidal antiandrogen agent EZA used in the treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. No single UV spectrophotometric method is reported for estimation of EZA. Present study focused on the development of simple spectrophotometric method (Method I) based on the determination of EZA at 236 nm and area under curve (AUC) spectrophotometric method (Method II) involved determination of AUC in between 220.0 nm to 255.0 nm. The drug follows Beer-Lambert’s law in concentration range of 3 μg/mL to 15 μg/mL in solvent methanol (r=0.999). The methods were validated according to ICH guidelines for accuracy, precision, sensitivity and ruggedness. There was no significant difference between performance of the proposed methods regarding mean values and standard deviation. The percent relative standard deviation was not more than 2%. The proposed method is suitable for routine quality control.
Ferti-irrigational impact of distillery effluent and Di-ammonium phosphate on the soil and growth characteristics of Egg plant (Solanum melongena L.)

A comparative study was conducted to assess the ferti-irrigational effect of Distillery effluent (DE) concentrations such as 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% along with control (Bore well water-BWW) and Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) separately for the pot culture cultivation of Solanum melongena. The results revealed that DE concentrations had significant (P 0.05) effects were observed for water holding capacity(WHC) and bulk density (BD) of the soil. Irrigation with 100% concentration of DE, increased EC (+63.46%), ClÂ¯ (+292.37%), Mg2+ (+1162.72%), OC (+3763.63%), exchangeable Na+(+264.29%), available K+ (+48.39%), Ca2+ (+815.74%), TKN (+1449.18%), available P (+338.83%), SO42- (+80.07%), while decreased pH (-17.85%) total bacteria (-47.02 %), fungi (-52.17%) and actinomycetes (-82.89 %) in effluent irrigated soil. Application of diluted doses of DE significantly increased plant height, root length, chlorophyll content, leaf area, number of leaves, number of branches, number of flowers, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, number of fruit and crop yield of S. melongena, with the better results being obtained at a dilution of 50% of DE concentration in comparison to DAP and BWW.
Retrieval-induced forgetting of emotional traits and its effect on implicit attitudes

Memory is fundamental for multitudinous cognitive functions. The function of current interest is retrieval and the effect it has on the accessibility of stored information. Besides facilitating recall of previously retrieved items, retrieval may also inhibit information that is associated to the same cue as the retrieved items. This study examines the effect of retrieval practice on person memory for neutral and emotional traits. The study also investigates if forgetting a person's traits changes the implicit attitude towards that person. The results showed retrieval-induced forgetting for negative traits but not for neutral and positive traits. When the recall performance was assessed with focus on emotional accuracy rather than on the recall of specific words, the forgetting effect for negative traits diminished, suggesting that the general concepts of good and bad were not as susceptible to retrieval inhibition as the specific traits. Further, retrieval-induced forgetting of negative traits did not lead to changes in implicit attitudes, thus, suggesting that implicit attitudes are not dependent of the explicit accessibility of information that they were originally based on.
Time variation of the fine structure constant and of the Higgs vacuum expectation value on cosmological time scales

Aims. We study the time variation of both the fine structure constant, α, and the Higgs vacuum expectation value, v, during Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). Methods. We calculate the primordial abundances of D, 4 He, and 7 Li by modifying Kawano’s code, and by using observational data we set constraints on the joint variation of α and v. To perform the calculations we considered the dependence of the deuteriumbinding energy, � D, upon v, obtained from the treatment of different proton-neutron interactions. Results. Results are consistent with variation on v (even at the level of 6σ) and null variation of α (within 2σ )i f the 7 Li data are used in the analysis. However, if data on these nuclei are not considered in the statistical analysis, we found null variation on both fundamental constants within 2σ. Conclusions. We found that the best-fit values of the variation of v and α are sensible to the dependence of the deuterium binding energy upon the Higgs vacuum expectation value. We found non-null variation of v within 6σ if all the observational data are used in the analysis. If data on the primordial abundance of 7 Li are taken at face value, the discrepancy between BBN and WMAP estimates may be explained by allowing variations of v.
Properties of GaP(001) surfaces chemically treated in NH4OH solution

Chemically cleaned GaP(001) surfaces in 25% NH4OH solution have been studied using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and wettability measurement techniques. The SE data clearly indicate that the solution causes removal of the native oxide film immediately upon immersing the sample. The SE data also indicate that when the native oxide film is completely etch removed, the resulting surface is still roughened. The estimated roughness thickness is ∼1.2nm, in excellent agreement with the AFM rms value (∼1.2nm). The XPS spectra confirm the removal of the native oxide from the GaP surface. The XPS data also suggest a thin oxide overlayer, ∼0.3nm thick, on the etch-cleaned GaP surface. The wettability measurements indicate that the as-degreased surface is hydrophobic, while the NH4OH-cleaned surface is hydrophilic. This result is in direct contrast to those obtained from acid cleaned surfaces, which are usually hydrophobic. The origin o.
HAAR Cascade Based Dynamic Traffic Scheduling System

: Object Detection has become an important feature in field of Computer Science. Benefits of object detection are varied and are not restricted to any specific area. Instead, object detection technique is growing rapidly and used widely in Information Industry. This paper intends to address one such possibility with the help of Haar-cascade classifier. The focus of the paper will be on the case study to develop a Smart and Dynamic Traffic Management System which is based on vehicle detection mechanism