Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cellular Response of Metallic Materials and Microstructure Entropy Guided Understanding of Strength in Biomedical Austenitic Stainless Steels

Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo: CCM) alloys exhibit good mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. In recent years, from the perspective of osseointegration, they are considered to be lower in rank in comparison to the widely used titanium alloys. We elucidate here the significant and favorable modulation of cellular activity of Zr-modified Co-Cr-Mo alloys. The determining role of small addition of Zr to the Co-Cr-Mo alloys in favorable modulation of cellular activity was accomplished by combining cellular biology and materials science. Experiments on the influence of Zr addition to Co-Cr-Mo alloys clearly demonstrated that cell adhesion, spread and cell-substrate interactions were enhanced in the presence of Zr. Additionally, stronger vinculin focal adhesion contact and signals associated with actin stress fibers together with extracellular matrix protein, fibronectin, were noted. It is envisaged that the excellent strength and ductility of Co-Cr-Mo-Zr alloys combined with the observation of significantly enhanced cellular response will encourage usage of these alloys for biomedical applications in future. 3.1 Material characterization Ni-free Co-28Cr-6Mo (wt.%) alloys with Zr (CCM+0.04Zr) and without Zr were processed in an argon-containing environment utilizing using an induction furnace. The chemical compositions of the alloys are presented in Table 3.1. The processing parameters are described in detail elsewhere [34]. In brief, ingots (150 mm dia.) of the alloys were heat treated at 1473 K for 3 h and hot forged. The forged bars were hot swaged to produce the rods with approximately 13 mm in diameter, followed by annealing at 1423 K for 1 h and air cooling. Samples were cut from the rod specimens with diameters of ~13 mm after annealing. The structure of Co-Cr-Mo alloy
Lattice Selective Growth of Graphene on Sapphire Substrate

In this work, we report a systematic study of CVD synthesizing graphene on different crystal faces of sapphire (c-Plane, m-Plane, and r-Plane). Nickel films are deposited on sapphire substrates with c-Plane, m-Plane, and r-Plane to catalyzing the growth of graphene by CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method. It is only on c-Plane sapphire substrates that graphene can be found after growth and etching off nickel. In the case of m-Plane and r-Plane sapphire substrates, graphene forms only on the top surface of nickel films, but none at the interface between nickel and sapphire. Oxygen plasma treatment is introduced to certify that graphene on c-Plane sapphire does not originate from the top surface of nickel film. Selective formation of graphene is attributed to lattice structures of sapphire’s different faces. Moreover, influences of nickel’s thickness and growth time are studied by a series of control experiments.
Colon Targeting of 5-Fluorouracil Using Polyethylene Glycol Cross-linked Chitosan Microspheres Enteric Coated with Cellulose Acetate Phthalate

Polyethylene glycol cross-linked chitosan microspheres loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) have been prepared by emulsion cross-linking and enteric coated with cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) to facilitate direct targeting of 5-FU to the colon. Spherical microspheres with surface ridges to moderate smooth surfaces loaded with different concentrations (i.e., 10, 20, and 30% w/w) of 5-FU have been evaluated for encapsulation efficiency, swelling and in vitro release characteristics in simulated gastro intestinal tract (GIT) conditions for both enteric coated and uncoated microspheres. In acidic pH, 8 to 17%, but in alkaline pH, approximately 88 to 97% of 5-FU was released with CAP coated microspheres. In the case of uncoated microspheres, 46 to 77% release of 5-FU occurred in acidic pH, but 93 to 97% was released in alkaline pH. The study demonstrates that chitosan coating with CAP and cross-linking with PEG is necessary for targeted delivery of 5-FU to the colon. The coated microspheres are found to be mor.
Use of Supercritical CO2 and N2 as Dissolved Gases for the Atomization of Ethanol and Water

Supercritical dissolved gas atomization (SDGA) is an atomization process in which a gas at temperatures and pressures above the critical point is used as the atomizing medium. The concept of SDGA has been applied mainly using CO2 as atomizing gas in various processes developed for the production of fine particles of pharmaceuticals, polymers, and chemical products and for the atomization of fuels. In this work, SDGA, using ethanol and water as the liquids to be atomized, has been experimentally studied. The spray characteristics, in terms of droplet size and distribution, have been investigated using a laser diffraction analyzer. Ethanol has been chosen due to the large miscibility with CO2 and for its wide use as a solvent in particle formation processes. The use of N2 as an atomizing gas has been also studied. Very narrow droplet size distributions were produced down to 2.5 μm. The properties of the liquid to be atomized (water or ethanol) showed a negligible effect on droplet size. The main parameter t.
Challenges in Biohydrogen Technologies for Fuel Cell Application

In this new era, we faced several problems regarding global climate change that related with the CO2 emission that are harmful to living things and environment. Due to the concern of these global changes, fuel cell applications were knowledge by the industrial company to reduce the problem and being solutions for electrical power supply and transportations in the future. The fuel cell technology using hydrogen fuel specifically for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) to create a chemical reaction that was used as electrical power. Hydrogen can be produced from diverse domestic feedstock’s using a variety of process technologies including biological processes. However, several issues need to be considered for the application of PEMFC using biohydrogen technologies such as purification system and the effect of impurities in H2 fuel. In this paper, the overviews of several issues in biohydrogen technologies are highlighted for fuel cell application. The hydrogen production including from biological pathway, the effect of impurities and gas purification technologies will be discussed based on the requirement of PEMFC.
Synthesis and Anticorrosion for Carbon Steel Of 4-Amino-3,5 Bis (4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxy )-1,2,4-Triazole in Hydrochloric Acid Solution.

amino -3,5bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)-1,2,4-triazole (4-ABHMPT) was synthesized for the first time in the laboratory and his influence on the inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in 1N HCI was investigated by weight-loss and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The inhibition efficiency of this compound was found to vary with concentration and temperature . It is found that 4-ABHMPT is good inhibitor for corrosion of mild steel in 1N HCl. The maximum efficiency is about 98% for 4-ABHMPT at 300 mg.l −1 concentration. The adsorption of this compound on the steel surface for both acids was found to obey Lagmuir's adsorption isotherm. The values of activation energy and free energy of adsorption indicated chimisorption on mild steel surface. KEYWORD(S): triazole, mild Steel, Corrosion inhibitors, HCl
Plasma assisted deposition of Ti-Si-N and Ti-Si-N-O diffusion barrier films

In the sub-quarter-micron generation integrated circuits (ICs), Cu has completely replaced aluminum as the interconnect material due to its favorable electrical conductivity (1.67 uQ»cm) and resistance to electromigration. In order to prevent Cu contamination in the silicon device layer, diffusion barriers such as tantalum (Ta) and tantalum nitride (TaN) have to be used to fully contain the Cu interconnects. It is a challenging issue to develop a new generation of more effective diffusion barriers with further down-scaling of transistor dimensions. This work explores the processing and properties of Ti-Si-N and Ti-Si-N-0 material systems to be used as the new generation barrier materials. The novelty of this research work is the development of plasma assisted deposition processes for the growth of Ti-Si-N and Ti-Si-N-0 barrier films by low frequency, high density inductively coupled plasma (ICP) assisted nitrogen implantation into an existing titanium silicide substrate, and physical-chemical vapor deposition (P-CVD) employing silane/nitrogen gas and titanium sputtering target, respectively. Film properties were characterized by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), four-point resistivity probe, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In the work of ICP processed Ti-Si-N, 2 6 7 at% of nitrogen were successfully introduced into TixSiy structure. This proved the feasibility of ICP process for the formation of ternary barrier films. In addition, unfavorable columnar structure of TixSiy was damaged by ion bombardment and formed nanostructured TiN and SisN4 phases. Furthermore, the work finds that the external bias plays an important role in controlling the sheet resistance of Ti-Si-N films, but has less effect on the implantation depth of nitrogen. Increasing argon plasma activation time improves the penetration Plasma Assisted Deposition of Ti-Si-N and Ti-Si-N-0 Diffusion Barrier Films xx ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library
A review of the operating limits in slot die coating processes

Slot die coating is a pre-metered process commonly used for producing thin and uniform films. It is an important film fabrication method for applications where precise coating is required. A major concern in slot die coating processes is how to determine the operating limits to set the appropriate range of operating parameters, including coating speed, flow rate, vacuum pressure, coating gap, liquid viscosity and surface tension, etc. Operating limits directly determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the process. In this article, the current state of academic research on operating limits in slot die coating processes is reviewed. Specifically, the theories, mechanisms, and empirical conclusions related to the limits on vacuum pressure, the low-flow limit, the limit of wet thickness for zero-vacuum-pressure cases, the limit of dynamic wetting failure, and the limits of coating speed for a specific flow rate are reviewed. The article concludes with some recommendations for future work. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2508–2524, 2016
Capnography Monitoring Education for the Perianesthesia Nurse

Background: Respiratory compromise is one of the most common complications that occur in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and accounts for half of the closed claims involving death in the PACU. However, with appropriate monitoring like capnography, identification of respiratory depression or apnea can occur prior to the adverse respiratory events (ARE). Although capnography is not currently considered a standard monitor in the PACU, it retains many advantages when used in conjunction with pulse oximetry and other standard monitors. Current research supports its use, and many organizations have created position statements and clinical practice recommendations for the use of capnography when patients are given any pharmacotherapeutic that alters sensorium. A knowledge deficit regarding capnography has been found among the perianesthesia nurses of the Indiana University Health Arnett Hospital, and inservice training was deemed a necessity in improving the quality of care provided to the patients. Aim: This project aims to evaluate a knowledge deficit about the utilization and interpretation of capnography among the perianesthesia nurses and subsequently provide in-service training. Methods and Procedure: A repeated measures, pre/post-test design was utilized to evaluate perianesthesia nurses (n = 23). A dependent paired samples t-test was used to compare mean score differences between the pre-and post-test scores. A 15 minutes in-service session was provided in the PACU to a group of 2-5 perianesthesia nurses at the time for three days. Results: Post-test scores were significantly higher than the pre-test scores following the educational intervention (p < 0.001), based on a two-tailed Wilcoxon ranked test. Conclusion: Providing education on the use and interpretation of capnography resulted in better post-test scores indicating an increased acquisition of knowledge pertaining to capnography.
Studies on analgestic components of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae

OBJECTIVE To study the analgesic constituents in Angelica dahurica(Fisch. ex Hoffm.)Benth. et Hook. f. var. formosana (Boiss.) Shan et Yuan. METHODS The active compounds were isolated by chromatography and identified by IR, NMR and MS. RESULTS: 12 compounds were isolated from A. dahurica(Fisch. ex Hoffm. )Benth. et Hook. f. var. formosana( Boiss.) Shan et Yuan and identified as isoimperatorin(Ⅰ), imperatorin(Ⅱ) , scopoletin( Ⅲ), byakangelicin (Ⅳ), byakangelicol(Ⅴ), pimpinellin(Ⅵ), osthol(Ⅶ),8-methoxypsoralen (Ⅷ) , ethanethioamide (Ⅸ),β-sitosterol (Ⅹ) , oxypeucedanin hydrate (Ⅺ) and scopolin (Ⅻ ) . CONCLUSION Ethanethioamide was firstly isolated from Umbelifera plants. Pimpinellin was firstly found in the Angelica species. Scopolin, β-sitosterol and 8- methoxypsoralen were all isolated from A . dahurica( Fisch. ex Hoffm. )Benth. et Hook. f. var. formosana( Boiss. )Shan et Yuan for the first time.
Effects of Momordica balsamina methanolic extract on cardiovascular and haematological function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats : effects on selected markers.

xx Chapter 1: Literature review . 1 1. Background . 1 1.1 Effects of hyperglycaemia on cardiovascular function . 2 1.1.1 The role of the polyol pathway in cardiac dysfunction . 2 1.1.2 The role of the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway in cardiac dysfunction . 2 1.1.3 The role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in cardiac dysfunction . 3 1.2. Endothelial dysfunction. 3 1.3. Effects of hyperglycaemia on red blood cell function . 5 1.3. 1 Effects of hyperglycaemia-induced ROS on red blood cell function . 5 1.3. 2 Effects of lipid peroxidation on RBC function . 6 1.4 Effects of hyperglycaemia on erythropoietin secretion. 7 1.5. Management strategies . 7 1.5. 1 Metformin . 7
A Bayesian Spatio-Temporal framework to improveexposure measurements combining observed andnumerical model output

The high resolution Air Dispersion Modelling System (ADSM)-Urban represents an advanced model to simulate the local traffic and non traffic related contribution of PM10. The aim of our study is to provide a Bayesian framework to improve exposure estimates of PM10 combining observed data from monitoring sites with ADMS-Urban numerical model output. To illustrate our approach we use PM10 daily averaged values for 46 monitoring sites in London, over the period 2002-2003 and output from ADMS-Urban. Different spatio-temporal structures are investigated and compared in performance. We demonstrate that adding covariates on environmental characteristics of sites and meteorological changes over time improve the precision and accuracy of the concentration estimates.
Relationship between structural and optical properties of colloidal CdxZn1−xS quantum dots in gelatin

Abstract. Aqueous synthesis of mixed cadmium and zinc sulfides colloidal quantum dots (QDs) has been successfully realized. Colloidal CdxZn1−xS QDs are formed in a cubic crystal lattice with particle size of ∼2 nm. The blueshift of optical absorption spectra from 420 to 295 nm and recombination photoluminescence from 646 to 483 nm with increasing zinc content in QDs was observed. Optimum photoluminescence intensity occurs for QDs with Cd0.3Zn0.7S composition. With increasing zinc content up to Cd0.3Zn0.7S, luminescence intensity increases and decreases when zinc content is larger than 0.7. The increase in photoluminescence intensity is explained by the increase in the number of point defects, such as complexes of interstitial metal atoms–metal vacancies [Mei−VMe]. Such complexes occur due to displacement of the metal atom at the center of the elementary tetrahedron due to substitution of one of the four sulfur atoms by an impurity atom, such as an oxygen atom.
Preparation and Characterization of Thermoregulated Rigid Polyurethane Foams Containing Nanoencapsulated Phase Change Materials

Thermoregulated rigid polyurethane foams containing silica shelled nanoencapsulated phase change materials (NanoPCMs) were fabricated. Chemical composition and morphology of the composite foams were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Thermal properties of the composite foams were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) methods. The NanoPCMs are homogeneously dispersed in a polyurethane matrix. Higher NanoPCMs contents in the composite foams lead to slightly increased cell size, minor decrease of glass transition temperature (Tg), and higher phase change enthalpies. The composite foams exhibit good thermal reliability, reasonable thermoregulation property, and fairly high compressive properties. In addition, the compressive property-density relationship for the composite foams agrees well with the Gibson–Ashby’s power law.
Abiotic and biotic changes of sulphur, iron, and carbon speciation after aeration of wetland soils

For organic surface and mineral soil horizons of terrestrial and intertidal wetland soils from Germany and Thailand, the kinetics of speciation changes of sulphur, iron, and organic carbon (OC) after aeration was assessed by synchrotron-based K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), solid state 13 C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy, and wet chemical/GC analyses. The kinetics of speciation change was investigated in a laboratory incubation experiment, in which subsamples were held in contact with ambient air for different time periods, ranging from 1 minute to 21 days under controlled boundary conditions. In different experimental variants, abiotic changes were distinguished from biotic changes. The results show that oxygenation of wetland soils results in rapid oxidation of reduced inorganic sulphur and iron species (e.g. Fe(II) sulphide) to oxidized species (sulphate, Fe(III)oxides). Under anoxic conditions, labile OC species (O-alkyl-C, e.g. plant-derived sugars such as glucose, arabinose, and xylose) are prevented from microbial degradation. Aeration of these samples resulted in considerable OC losses, microbial degradation of glucose, arabinose, and xylose, and formation of microbial OC compounds (alkyl-C), including the sugars galactose and mannose. Our results suggest rapid, marked losses of labile OC species (terrestrial wetland soil only) and rapid oxidation of reduced S and Fe after aeration of wetland soils due to changes of their hydrological regime.
Analysis of the Variation of the Upper Discontinuity in Sedimentation Batch Test

ABSTRACT Variations of the supernatant-suspension discontinuity in batch sedimentation tests are examined using numerical simulation, considering the corresponding momentum laws for the noncompression zone and for the compression zone separately. A generalized treatment, considering some assumptions that are discussed, and introducing dimensionless variables is carried out. The paper analyses the variations of the derivative of the supernatant-suspension discontinuity height with respect to time versus the ratio of the supernatant-suspension discontinuity height to the initial supernatant-suspension discontinuity height. In cases where it is possible to estimate the location of the characteristic that rises from the bottom tangently to the sediment surface in a height-time diagram, the value of the critical solids concentration (boundary between hindered settling zone and compression zone) can be obtained. Another important contribution is the mathematical explanation of the exponential decrease of the se.
Strategic Design of Bioethanol Supply Chains Including Commodity Market Dynamics

The blending between biobased and conventional fuels is mandatory according to European directives. Bioethanol has had beneficial effects for energy security issues in some countries of the world (e.g., U.S., Brazil), but it is still not widespread in Italy. This paper analyzes the establishment of a corn-based bioethanol supply chain in northern Italy through a mixed-integer linear programming modeling framework, which allows its financial performance to be evaluated by optimizing the spatially explicit layout in terms of production technologies, biomass production sites, and the transport network. The paper relaxes the too stiff and limiting assumption of keeping constant, for long-term horizons, the price/cost of raw materials, products, and utilities. The economic assessment is based on the forecasted price dynamics of the commodities related to ethanol production. Specifically, three price-forecast models are introduced and tuned according to the Italian context. The robustness of the supply chain wi.
“But, He’s So Serious”: Framing of Masculinity Among Western Hemisphere Indigenous Peoples in Disney Animated Films

Few studies to date have examined Indigenous characters in children’s media. Stereotyping or omission of underrepresented groups contributes to symbolic annihilation of underrepresented groups, such as Indigenous persons. Through a qualitative textual design, the researcher explored how Western-Hemisphere Indigenous masculinity was framed in five Disney animated films. While Indigenous characters were positively portrayed, the researcher found displays of stereotypes, and an absence of character growth.
Zakat institutionnelle : synthèse des modèles de fonds zakat dans des pays majoritairement Musulmans

Islamic Finance has very often been associated to Islamic Banking, however; Islamic banking constitutes only a portion of the overall Islamic Economics. As a matter of fact, Islamic Social Finance, which encourages the use of Islamic Social Financing tools such as Zakat, Waqf and Qard Hassan, is a growing part of Islamic Economics whose impact is undeniable; yet not very much discussed. Zakat most specifically, can be leveraged for the greater purpose of Islamic Economics; benefiting individuals in need, alleviating poverty, and encouraging economic empowerment if well structured. Unfortunately, structured Zakat systems are not prevalent in all countries. The purpose of this article is to distinguish established zakat systems in majority Muslim countries; to provide a benchmark of countries and learn from experiences of the neighbors. In order to do that, the article provides an overview of contemporary zakat fund models in predominantly Muslim countries. The paper defines the notion of Zakat according to the Islamic sources and the historical overview of Zakat application experiences. Moreover, it defines the contemporary models of zakat collection, detailing the management organization and parties engaged in the collection process. The distinction between compulsory models of collection and voluntary collection models is also clearly detailed. Finally, a synthesis of the prevalent models of Zakat funds in majoritarian Muslim- majority countries is realized, and a discussion on the implications of this on the development of Islamic Finance in countries is also made. Résumé