Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of near-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate approach for estimating silage fermentation quality from freshly harvested maize

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the most predictive traits of fresh maize and the most appropriate multivariate approach for estimating silage fermentation quality. The use of near infrared (NIRs) instruments allowed rapid, accurate and cheap analysis. Samples of fresh maize plant (n = 822) from hybrids (Class Cultivar) of early and late classes, were harvested at three maturity stages: early, medium and late, in three areas (level input field) of ‘low’, ‘medium’ and ‘high’ soil fertility, along three consecutive years. Several algorithms of feature selection, regression, classification and machine learning, were tested. Maize silage fermentative quality was summarised through a Fermentative Quality Index (FQI). We found the most predictive traits as dry matter (DM), starch, and acid detergent lignin (ADL), with negative coefficients, or water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) with a positive coefficient. FQI was significantly (p < 0.0001) affected by year (negatively for 2018), level input field (positively for high level) and maturity stage (negatively for the late harvest). The most satisfying results were attained using a stepwise regression algorithm (R 2 = 0.48), improved by the introduction of fixed effects (R 2 = 0.55) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), which was assessed through the Mattew Correlation Coefficient (MCC) in validation (MCC = 0.57). Concluding, among the tested approaches, the use of linear regression after stepwise algorithm or the use of PLS could be of practical help for the farmers to the effective management of the ensiling process of maize plants, even though environmental conditions should be considered to improve the predictions. HIGHLIGHTS The prediction of FQ at harvest would allow the farmer to tune up the ensiling process The prediction of FQ through the use of portable NIRs instruments was successful DM, starch and ADL were negatively related to FQ index
Accuracy of selected methods of measurement of tree heights

In this paper, the possibilities of using stereophotogrammetry methods for measurements using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for the conditions of a mature pine stand with uneven density are examined. Here, we carried out a comparison of measurements using altimeters and remote sensing data collected with a UAV optical camera. In particular, the height of growing trees was estimated by three different field-based devices and applying the three methods of data collection and processing with UAVs. Specifically, one method implied the direct measurements using on-board UAV equipment. The following two methods are based on the data provided by the stereophotogrammetrical approach, while the aerial images for that were collected using a UAV optical camera. In particular, there was a modeling of the points cloud from one-sided vertical shooting of sample trees and determination of height of trees from digital canopy height model (CHM) from data of aerial photography of horizontal spans over a stand. Our investigation confirmed the highest accuracy of laser measuring tools among the ground measuring devices used in research. Respective value of the average random measurement error was less than 3 % (0.88 m). Among the results obtained from the analysis of the original data collected by UAVs, the best method was to utilize the CHM, namely, the average random error was less than 2% (0.64 m). This exceeds the accuracy of laser altimeter measurements 33 %. Thus, this method of measuring height in pine stands meets the standards of accuracy in determining the height for production assessment, according to the “Inventory guidelines for the forest fund of Ukraine”, and can be used for survey, inventory, forest management and other works related to forestry and monitoring the changes in forest ecosystems.
Design and Optimization of Self Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing a New Anti-inflamatory Agent Pentagamavunon-0

Pentagamavunon-0 is a potent anti-inflammatory drug. The oral bioavailability of PGV-0 is very low due to its low solubility in water. The aim of this study is to design and optimize SNEDDS formulation to improve dissolution of PGV-0 by Simplex Lattice Design. The independent variables were the amounts of oleic acid (X 1 ), Tween 20 and labrasol (X 2 ), and PEG 400 (X 3 ). The dependent variables were droplet size (Y 1 ), the concentration of PGV-0 dissolved in the 45 th min (C 45 ) (Y 2 ) and solubility of PGV-0 (Y 3 ) fitted to a quadratic model. The equation, contour plots, and overlay plot were constructed to determine the optimum formulation and to understand the responses to various combinations of components. The optimum formulation of SNEDDS consists of 18.6% oleic acid, 51.4% Tween 20:labrasol 1:1 and 30% PEG 400. The C 45 of the optimum formulation is 82.20%, significantly higher than unmodified PGV-0. The droplet size is 75.45 nm and solubility of PGV-0 is 31.80 mg/mL. The predicted values are not significantly different with the experimental values. The amount of oleic acid is the most influential factor to increase droplet size and decrease the C 45 . The mostinfluential factor to increased C 45 is the amount of PEG 400.
SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) WATER REQUIREMENTS AND ITS CLIMATIC DRIVING FACTORS DURING A LONG-TERM PERIOD (1969-2019): A STUDY OF SHANDONG PROVINCE, CHINA

Understanding the change of water requirement (ET) for crop production under climate change can provide scientific support for the management of agricultural water resources. The objective behind this study was to analyze spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of ET, effective rainfall (Pe), irrigation requirement (IR) and aridity index (AI) of winter wheat, and evaluate the driving force of ET changes as a result of the variation of climatic factors. Daily meteorological data from 18 meteorological stations from 1969 to 2019 distributed throughout Shandong Province, China were collected. Five climatic variables including maximum daily temperature (Tmax), minimum daily temperature (Tmin), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), and sunlight hours (SH), were selected to identify their contribution to the variability of ET. Results indicated that (1) ET distribution differed significantly both in temporal and spatial scale on a general, and decreased -14.11-3.88 mm decade. (2) Tmax was the most influential climatic variable related to ET variability with sensitivity coefficient of 0.36, followed by RH (-0.34), SH (0.13), WS (0.11) and Tmin (-0.07). (3) Declines of WS and SD were indicated by the decrease of ET while the increase of Tmax and the decrease of RH contributed to enhancing ET.
PERFORMANCE OF REVERSE LOGISTICS IN ELECTRONIC COMMERCE: A CASE STUDY FROM LEBANON AND SYRIA

The technological advancements facilitated the progress of the Business-To-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce business tremendously. B2C e-commerce has several benefits such as saving costs by decreasing the use of resources, increasing profits, and competitive advantage, especially in the pandemic context. However, this opportunity comes with challenges, and one of such is related to a significant number of products that are returned to the vendor or manufacturer. These challenges in the Reverse Logistics’ (RL) in the context of e-commerce become a new phenomenon – Reverse E-Logistics’ (REL), because the product in the e-commerce is physical goods or electronic ones like videos, music, books, etc. This study focuses on identifying the most critical factors that impact REL performance and discusses how REL can affect its performance. The methodology used is mainly a literature review, synthesis, survey methods, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). This study is done in Lebanon and Syria with a sample of 412 companies that perform B2C e-commerce and are faced with REL’ . The results showed that out of the ten factors identified during the literature review, eight factors (management, employees, IT and technology, return policy and procedures/guarantee, infrastructure, organizational structure and culture, customer services/satisfaction, and quality management) have a positive correlation with REL performance. Moreover, improved REL performance results increase in companies’ performances. The business research model was created based on performed REL performance in Lebanon and Syria, and this gives new scientific insights and knowledge about REL specificity in developing countries.
Solvent Extraction of Cesium Using DtBuDB18C6 into Various Organic Solvents

High concentration of Cs is present in high-level radioactive waste. It is well-known that Cs is an alkali element and difficult to extract completely into an organic phase. Crown ether compounds are widely available for Cs extractants; DtBuDB18C6 (di-t-butyl-dibenzo-18crown6), was used in this study. Organic solvents used for the industrial applications, such as n-dodecane and 1-octanol, have low solubility concerning the compound; other solvents were employed and tested. In this study, ketone-, ether-, and estertype solvents showed high solubility for DtBuDB18C6 and DtBuDB18C6, when dissolved in ketones and alcohols, exhibited relatively high Cs distribution ratios (D(Cs)), closely to 10.
Modeling and Design of a Multiport Magnetic Bus-Based Novel Wind-Wave Hybrid Ocean Energy Technology

This article proposes a multiport magnetic bus (MMB)-based novel wind-wave hybrid ocean energy technology (HOET). The ocean waves are mixed frequency waves and generate unique frequency spectra. The wave energy converters (WECs) connected to the linear permanent magnet generators generate voltages with varying amplitudes and frequencies due to the variation of the wind speed and direction. The proposed MMB of the proposed compact wind-wave HOET can provide galvanic isolation and allow a high-frequency operation of the MMB. A decoupled voltage and current control architecture is proposed to regulate the voltage and current waveforms in the high-frequency inverter modules of the MMB that can integrate multiple WECs. An Archimedes wave swing-based conversion method is utilized for the modeling and the design of the proposed WEC. A damping controller is designed to extract the maximum power from the irregular waves. For the wind-energy generation system, a doubly fed induction generator-based technology is considered. The simulation and the laboratory-scale experimental results validate the potential and the applicability of the proposed wind-wave HOET as an effective means to harness ocean energy.
Segmentation and Classification of Stomach Abnormalities Using Deep Learning

: An automated system is proposed for the detection and classification of GI abnormalities. The proposed method operates under two pipeline procedures: (a) segmentation of the bleeding infection region and (b) classification of GI abnormalities by deep learning. The first bleeding region is segmented using a hybrid approach. The threshold is applied to each channel extracted from the original RGB image. Later, all channels are merged through mutual information and pixel-based techniques. As a result, the image is segmented. Texture and deep learning features are extracted in the proposed classification task. The transfer learning (TL) approach is used for the extraction of deep features. The Local Binary Pattern (LBP) method is used for texture features. Later, an entropy-based feature selection approach is implemented to select the best features of both deep learning and texture vectors. The selected optimal features are combined with a serial-based technique and the resulting vector is fed to the Ensemble Learning Classifier. The experimental process is evaluated on the basis of two datasets: Private and KVASIR. The accuracy achieved is 99.8 per cent for the private data set and 86.4 percent for the KVASIR data set. It can be confirmed that the proposed method is effective in detecting and classifying GI abnormalities and exceeds other methods of comparison.
The spatial distribution characteristics, influencing factors and development models of rural tourism in China

As an essential support for rural revitalization and global tourism strategies, rural tourism has a lot to do in the dual-cycle development pattern. Based on the first and second batch of crucial rural tourism villages in the country, the nearest neighbor index, geographic concentration index, Gini coefficient, standard deviation ellipse, nuclear density and other methods are used to analyze their spatial distribution types, spatial balance, spatial pattern and evolution. Then, the factors influencing the distribution differences are analyzed by using the tools of geographic connection rate and buffer zone. From a configuration perspective, QCA is used to explore the development model of crucial rural tourism villages. The results show that: ①China’s rural tourism crucial villages along the Hu Huanyong line show a condensed distribution characteristic of “sparsely located in the southeast and sparsely northwest”. The distribution within the provinces is weakly concentrated and the spatial imbalance is prominent. Morover, the spatial pattern is evident from the Northeast to the Southwest and shows the insense evolution trend. ②The crucial rural tourism villages are spatially formed with the dual-core radiation and multi-regional structural features centered on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and supplemented by several sub-high-density areas such as Guanzhong, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, and Pearl River Delta, and finally formed the radiation pattern of urban agglomerations-central cities-crucial rural tourism villages. ③Natural geography, source market, transportation environment, economic level, and endowment of tourism resources are important factors that affect the spatial distribution of crucial rural tourism villages. ④There are three main development models of crucial rural tourism villages in China: source market-driven, traffic-oriented and scenic-radiant.
Prospective Filipino Teachers' Disposition to Mathematics

Studying mathematics comprises acquiring a positive disposition toward mathematics and seeing mathematics as an effective way of looking at real-life situations. This study aimed to correlate the disposition to Mathematics of prospective Filipino teachers to some teacher-related variables. The participants were the prospective Filipino teachers at the University of Northern Philippines (UNP) and at the Divine Word College of Vigan (DWCV). Two sets of instruments were utilized in the study – the self-report questionnaire and the Mathematics Dispositional Functioning Inventory developed by Beyers [1]. Frequency and percentage, weighted mean, and chi-square were utilized for data analysis. Results show that the overall disposition to mathematics of the participants is “Positive”. The cognitive, affective, and conative aspects received a positive disposition. However, some items show an uncertain disposition to mathematics. The participants’ profile variables have no significant relationship with their cognitive and conative disposition to mathematics. A training plan was conceptualized to provide information on the results of the study, to enhance the awareness and understanding of dispositions, to equip appropriate methods in solving mathematical problems, and to provide enrichment activities that will foster a positive disposition to mathematics and consequently will improve prospective teachers’ and students’ performance. Teachers are influential to the development of the students of effective ways of learning, doing, and thinking about mathematics. Understanding how attitudes are learned to establish an association between the teacher’s disposition and students’ attitude and performance. Thus, fostering dispositions to mathematics through training improves prospective Filipino teachers’ and students’ performance.
EVALUATION OF LINEAR DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF BD IMPRESS AND NEXUS MEDODENT THERMOPLASTIC IMPRESSION MATERIALS – AN IN VITRO COMPARATIVE STUDY

Aim: To evaluate and compare the linear dimensional stability of two commercially available BD IMPRESS and NEXUS MEDODENT thermoplastic impression materials. A total of 90 samples in which 45 s Methodology: amples of BD Impress and Nexus medodent impession materials were used for evaluation of linear dimensional stability of these newly introduced thermoplastic impression materials. The samples were rst checked under toolmaker microscope for reproduction of three parallel lines x,y,z. The measurements were made on the samples at 0 (within 24 hours), 7th and 14th day respectively to assess the linear dimensional stability. According to the study conducted and results obtained, it Result: was concluded that NEXUS MEDODENT was superior in linear dimensional stability on comparison with BD IMPRESS impression material Conclusion: On comparison with BD impress, nexus medodent impression material was superior in terms of linear dimensional stability. There is a need for further studies to know about other properties of these thermoplastic impression materials to enhance knowledge and for clinical application as indicated by manufacturers.
Waste as a Resource: Form of Access and Conflict using Imported Waste in Sumengko Village, Gresik

The issue of important waste entering Indonesia is now busy being discussed, the problem that occurred in Sumengko Village, Gresik. This problem stems from the disposal of waste produced by Adiprima, which is a paper factory that imports waste as one of its production materials. However, it is the valuable value of imported waste that makes waste a resource for them. The profit from this imported waste business makes actors want to get access to garbage. This seizing access then causes conflict between the actors involved, which ends in garbage news from the village.
Exploiting the Potentials of HVAC Systems in Transactive Energy Markets

Transactive energy (TE) is a viable framework to tackle the load-generation mismatch in energy systems with high penetration of renewable energy resources (RERs). In this paper, we propose a TE framework for prosumers with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to address real-time power shortage in a residential microgrid. Our framework consists of two phases. First, to mitigate load-generation mismatch, we develop an online appliance scheduling method to determine the optimal operation schedule of each prosumer’s appliances. In particular, we apply receding horizon optimization (RHO) to tackle the load and renewable generation uncertainties and to better match the real-time power consumption of the appliances with the priorly-purchased power from the day-ahead market. Second, in case that there still exists power shortage at the microgrid level, a TE market based on pay-as-market clearing price (MCP) is proposed among prosumers to reduce the power consumption of their HVAC systems. We capture the competition among the participating prosumers as a non-cooperative game and develop an algorithm to achieve the Nash equilibrium, while considering prosumers’ willingness to participate in the TE market. Extensive simulations are performed to demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed TE framework.
Service Versus Protection: A Bayesian Learning Approach for Trust Provisioning in Edge of Things Environment

Edge of Things (EoT) technology enables end-users participation with smart sensors and mobile devices (such as smartphones and wearable devices) to the smart devices across the smart city. Trust management is the main challenge in EoT infrastructure to consider the trusted participants. The Quality of Service (QoS) is highly affected by malicious users with fake or altered data. In this article, a robust trust management (RTM) scheme is designed based on Bayesian learning and collaboration filtering. The proposed RTM model is regularly updated after a specific interval with the significant decay value to the current calculated scores to update the behavior changes quickly. The dynamic characteristics of edge nodes are analyzed with the new probability score mechanism from recent services’ behavior. The performance of the proposed trust management scheme is evaluated in a simulated environment. The percentage of collaboration devices is tuned as 10%, 50%, and 100%. The maximum accuracy of 99.8% is achieved from the proposed RTM scheme. The experimental results demonstrate that the RTM scheme shows better performance than the existing techniques in filtering malicious behavior and accuracy.
Effects of in vitro plant ages on the subsequent growth of Plumbago indica l. after ex vitro transplantation

The Indian leadwort (Plumbago indica L.) of the family Plumbaginaceae is a plant with high pharmaceutical value, as it contains plumbagin, a naphthoquinone with antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer properties. Among the propagation methods for the Indian leadwort, in vitro propagation is considered an effective method in producing disease-free transplants in a short period of time with high propagation rate. When plants grown in vitro are transferred to ex vitro condition, the environmental factors in the nursery house such as light, temperature, humidity and microorganism in the soil will affect their growth. Characteristics of transplants themselves is also critical for the subsequent growth. It is, thus, essential to establish the standards to evaluate and qualify in vitro plants for transplanting to ex vitro condition. Among these standards, the culture age of in vitro plants affects the maturations of their root, stem and leaves, which can in turn influence the acclimating ability and growth of in vitro plants after transplantation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the culture age of in vitro Indian leadwort plants on their performance during ex vitro stage. For this purpose, three different culture ages of uniform in vitro plants, 35, 42 and 49 day-old, were studied. After 28 days of cultivation in the nursery house under the light intensity of 70 ± 10 μmol m s, temperature of 35 ± 4 C and relative humidity (RH) of 60 ± 10 %, all three treatments achieved 100% survival rate. Increased fresh and dry weights and percentage of dry matter after cultivation in ex vitro condition were not statistically different between 42 day-old and 49 day-old in vitro plants, but were significantly different between these plants and 35 day-old in vitro plants. The development of shoot and root in ex vitro stage of 42 day-old and 49 day-old in vitro plants was more balanced, as shown by the higher ratio of shoot/root dry weight, than 35 day-old in vitro plants. The results of this study showed that for this Plumbago species, bigger in vitro plants led to better growth during ex vitro stage. These results also indicated that it was possible to transfer in vitro Plumbago plants to ex vitro condition after 5 weeks of in vitro culture stage.
Isolation and Characterization of Probiotics from Different Curd Samples

Probiotics are living micro-organisms which have a positive impact on the survival of their hosts. Curd's nutrient properties have long piqued the medical community's attention. Curd has been a popular milk based commodity in India since the dawn of time. Lactic acid bacteria were derived from different curd samples and their probiotic ability was studied in this research. On the basis of the catalase assay and gram staining, a total of 8 lactic acid bacteria were isolated. Many of the isolates tested positive for gram and negative for catalase. They all had a lot of probiotic promise. Both species were shown to be immune to low pH (pH 3) and concentrations of 0.3 percent bile salts. They were shown to have antibacterial action toward three laboratory species with high antibiotic tolerance.