Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical Program Power Characterization for Battery Depletion-time Estimation

Appropriate battery selection is a major design decision regarding the fast growth of battery-operated devices like space rovers, wireless sensor network nodes, rescue robots, and so on. Many such systems are mission critical, where estimation of the battery depletion time has an important role in the design efficiency with regard to the mission time. Accurate characterization of the system power usage pattern is essential for such an estimation. The following complexities exist: (1) The system behavior changes during interaction with the physical world, (2) the power consumption varies as the runtime progresses, (3) the total delivered battery charge has non-linear dependency on the power variability, and (4) design-time exhaustive study about runtime execution paths is almost impossible. This article presents an analytical method to first characterize the power variability of a given embedded program modeled by a directed acyclic graph, concerning the first and the second complexities. To include the third complexity, however, the concept of Worst-case Power Consumption Trace (WPCT) is proposed toward the worst-case scenario in terms of charge depletion for a given battery. A polynomial algorithm is also presented to construct WPCT and use it to estimate a tight lower bound for the system energy depletion time, i.e., its failure time, avoiding an exhaustive study. Comparisons between the analytical and simulation results reveal less than 3.4% of error in the bound estimations for the considered setups.
All-optical reversible single-photon isolation at room temperature

Magnetic-free optical nonreciprocity has been experimentally demonstrated for a genuine single photon at room temperature. Nonreciprocal devices operating at the single-photon level are fundamental elements for quantum technologies. Because magneto-optical nonreciprocal devices are incompatible for magnetic-sensitive or on-chip quantum information processing, all-optical nonreciprocal isolation is highly desired, but its realization at the quantum level is yet to be accomplished at room temperature. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate two regimes, using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) or a Raman transition, for all-optical isolation with warm atoms. We achieve an isolation of 22.52 ± 0.10 dB and an insertion loss of about 1.95 dB for a genuine single photon, with bandwidth up to hundreds of megahertz. The Raman regime realized in the same experimental setup enables us to achieve high isolation and low insertion loss for coherent optical fields with reversed isolation direction. These realizations of single-photon isolation and coherent light isolation at room temperature are promising for simpler reconfiguration of high-speed classical and quantum information processing.
Temporal mechanisms of myogenic specification in human induced pluripotent stem cells

Mechanisms of myogenic commitment are deciphered through omics analysis of hiPSC-specific lineage specification measurements. Understanding the mechanisms of myogenesis in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a prerequisite to achieving patient-specific therapy for diseases of skeletal muscle. hiPSCs of different origin show distinctive kinetics and ability to differentiate into myocytes. To address the unique cellular and temporal context of hiPSC differentiation, we perform a longitudinal comparison of the transcriptomic profiles of three hiPSC lines that display differential myogenic specification, one robust and two blunted. We detail temporal differences in mechanisms that lead to robust myogenic specification. We show gene expression signatures of putative cell subpopulations and extracellular matrix components that may support myogenesis. Furthermore, we show that targeted knockdown of ZIC3 at the outset of differentiation leads to improved myogenic specification in blunted hiPSC lines. Our study suggests that β-catenin transcriptional cofactors mediate cross-talk between multiple cellular processes and exogenous cues to facilitate specification of hiPSCs to mesoderm lineage, leading to robust myogenesis.
An Improved Turn‐On Aptasensor for Thrombin Detection Using Split Aptamer Fragments and Graphene Oxide

An improved turn-on aptasensor for thrombin detection using split aptamer fragments and graphene oxide (GO) was reported. The thrombin-binding aptamer (Apt15) was split into two parts for target recognition, an 8-base sequence labeled with fluorescein (FAM-Apt-A) and a 7-base oligonucleotide sequence (Apt-B). In the absence of target protein, the fluorescence of FAM-Apt-A/Apt-B was quenched by GO through Π-Π stacking between GO and single-stranded DNA. However, when thrombin was introduced into the system, a target-induced G-quadruplex forms with two split aptamer fragments and thrombin. The fluorescence recovered due to weak interaction between G-quadruplex and GO. Compared to the strategy using intact aptamer, probe concentration was lowered, and an improved sensitivity was obtained. Moreover, heating process to avoid unfavorable secondary structure was avoided due to the use of shorter split aptamer fragments.
The Intersection of Problems, Policy, and Politics: The Adoption of an HPV Vaccine School-Entry Requirement in Puerto Rico

Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections can cause cancer (e.g., cervical/vaginal/penile/anal/oropharyngeal). The HPV vaccine prevents cancer, yet U.S. vaccination rates remain low. We explored sociopolitical factors in the adoption of Puerto Rico’s HPV vaccine school-entry requirement. Multiple streams framework explains how the intersection of problems, policy, and politics streams influence policy adoption. Policy entrepreneurs work on joining these streams. Interviews (n = 20) were conducted with stakeholders (e.g., physicians/researchers/nonprofit organizations’ leaders). Data were analyzed using applied thematic analysis. High incidence of HPV and HPV-related cancers in Puerto Rico were indicators of problems. Focusing events included Rhaiza’s case and the HPV-Advisory Panel Report. During summer 2017, a policy window opened; the Department of Health (DOH) adopted the requirement in summer 2018. Stakeholders discussed policy initiatives. Political turnover positively influenced the process. Policy entrepreneurs created an extended period of intersection resulting in the adoption of the requirement. Findings can inform policy initiatives to improve HPV vaccination rates and reduce HPV-related cancers.
Large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations of martensitic nucleation and shape-memory effects in transition metal alloys

Abstract We discuss results of ab initio and molecular-dynamics simulations of structural phase transformations in magnetic transition metal alloys. In the simulations we make use of the embedded-atom method which allows to take into account the elastic behavior as well as phonon frequencies and vacancy-formation energy of the alloy under consideration. Also this method allows to simulate a large number of atoms required for the simulation of non-equilibrium phase transformations. Structural transformations are possible to simulate either by using the Parrinello scheme for a fluctuating volume box containing the atoms, or by using open boundary conditions. It is shown that structural transformations in the magnetic systems are different from corresponding transitions in the non-magnetic alloys. The simulations describe the large supercooling and superheating effect associated with the structural transformation as a function of the temperature and concentration as well as its dependence on lattice defects.
Clot organization on histology is associated with radiomics features that predict treatment outcomes from mechanical thrombectomy

Radiomics is an emerging computer vision technique that extracts high level textural information from medical images. Several studies have reported associations between radiomics features(RFs) and first pass effect(FPE) after mechanical thrombectomy(MT) treatment of acute ischemic stroke(AIS). However, the pathobiology behind the manifestation of such RFs remains unknown. To that end, we collected 15 clots samples retrieved from AIS patients (FPE: 5/15) treated with MT therapy along with their pre-treatment CT imaging (non-contrast CT–NCCT, and CT Angiography–CTA). We then segmented the clot regions on co-registered CT images and extracted 293 RFs, including. 1). shape-size metrics, 2). first-order statistics, and 3). higher order texture features. Univariate analysis was performed to test for significant differences in these RFs between FPE and non-FPE cases. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained clot sections from these cases were analyzed by Orbit Image Analysis software to determine if clot composition (i.e. % red blood cell-RBC, white blood cell-WBC, fibrin/platelets-FP) and structure (i.e. heterogeneity, organization) was significantly related to these RFs. Our results indicated that 5RFs, all from higher-order textural feature analysis, were significantly associated with FPE. These RFs were also associated with patient outcomes (delta NIHSS), albiet less significantly. There was no difference in RFs among clots of different composition (i.e. low vs high RBC clots), however, there were significant associations between the 5 RFs and clot organization parameters indicating that clots with ordered structures were easier to remove. These results need to be validated in larger datasets to establish the ability of RFs to predict FPE.
Experimental study on single photon heterodyne detection performance

By constructing an experimental system, the heterodyne detection of the photon counting system is realized. The effects of photon counting rate, sampling rate, background light noise and beam mismatching angle on the single-photon heterodyne detection performance based on power spectrum averaging are studied experimentally. The results show that the power spectrum average results have a saturated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a certain count rate, and the saturation SNR increases with the increase of the count rate. As the sampling rate increases, a higher saturation SNR can be obtained. The local oscillator and signal light mismatch angles have the same effect on single photon heterodyne detection compared to linear detection. The research results in this paper have a promoting significance for the practical application of single-photon heterodyne detection technology.
Effect of π-conjugated bridges of TPD-based medium bandgap conjugated copolymers for efficient tandem organic photovoltaic cells

Conjugated donor (D)–π–acceptor (A) copolymers, PBDT–TPD, PBDT–ttTPD, PBDTT–TPD, and PBDTT–ttTPD, based on a benzodithiophene (BDT) donor unit and thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione (TPD) acceptor unit were designed and synthesized with different π bridges via Pd-catalyzed Stille-coupling. The π bridges between BDT and TPD were thiophene in PBDT–TPD and PBDTT–TPD, and 6-alkylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene in PBDT–ttTPD and PBDTT–ttTPD. The effects of the π bridges on the optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of the polymers were investigated, in addition to the film crystallinities and carrier mobilities. Copolymers with the 6-alkylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene π-bridge exhibited high crystallinity and hole mobility. Improved Jsc and FF were obtained to increase the overall power conversion efficiencies (PCE) in inverted single organic photovoltaic cells. A PCE of 6.81% was achieved from the inverted single device fabricated using the PBDTT–ttTPD:PC71BM blend film with 3 vol% 1,8-diiodooctane. A tandem photovoltaic device comprising the inverted PBDTT–ttTPD cell and a PTB7-based cell as the bottom and top cell components, respectively, showed a maximum PCE of 9.35% with a Voc of 1.58 V, a Jsc of 8.00 mA cm−2, and a FF of 74% under AM 1.5 G illumination at 100 mW cm−2. The obtained PCE of the bottom cell and FF of the tandem cell are, to the best of our knowledge, the highest reported to date for a tandem OPV device. This work demonstrates that PBDTT–ttTPD may be very promising for applications in tandem solar cells. Furthermore, 6-alkylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene π-bridge systems in medium bandgap polymers can improve the performance of tandem organic photovoltaic cells.
Variable step length method for optical adjustment in space-borne lidar

The spatial parallelism of the receiving and launching optical axis of the atmospheric detection lidar system directly affects the validity of the detection data. The high-precision optical path automatic adjustment system is one of the guarantee conditions for the reliable detection of the space-borne lidar. Common optical path automatic adjustment methods can be divided into echo signal intensity method and spot adjustment method. Based on the Space-borne lidar echo signal intensity adjustment method, fuzzy control is introduced, the tracking error and tracking error change rate is selected as the input of the fuzzy controller, and the output is the system adjustment step size. A variable step size segmentation adjustment algorithm is proposed, and the Turtle library in Python is used for adjustment route tracking simulation. The simulation results show that the stability of the fuzzy control system is higher than that of the traditional method. And randomly selected 1000 sample points, and selected the optimal path adjustment step length in the extremely small range to be 5μrad and 1μrad respectively for comparative analysis. It is found that the minimum range adjustment step size will also affect the stability of the system, and the step size is 5μrad adjustment effect is better.
An approach with CNN to unsafe manhole classification for visually impaired people

In this paper, manhole detection problem in pedestrian path from an image for visually impaired people or blind people is discussed. In many developing countries, it occurs many times in sidewalks that the manhole exists on the tactile paving surface and sometimes it is under construction or its cover keeps open. It means something unsafe for visually impaired or blind people or kids that they may fell in such manholes. So in this work, all manholes are divided into two types, which is respectively labeled as “normal” and “unsafe”, and we propose a method for both detection and classification with convolutional neural network (CNN). Some experiments with actually existing manhole images in Mongolia showed that our method classifies two types of manhole effectively.
Sound field visualization for primary reflection using equivalent sources and image source methods

The visualization of the sound field which is an invisible-physical phenomena is useful for detection of noise sources, understanding the sound propagation, and architectural acoustics. Room Impulse Response (RIR) is widely used in various acoustic applications because RIR characterizes the sound propagation between a source and a measurement point in a room. Thus, measuring the RIRs at multiple points allows us to visualize the sound field in more detail. For example, we can observe the animation of sound wave fronts by using the RIRs at multiple points. However, many microphones and repetitive measurements are required to measure the RIRs with high resolution. In this paper, we propose a method for visualization of the sound field with high spatial resolution based on the estimation of the RIRs around the microphone using a small number of microphones. The RIRs are modeled using sparse equivalent sources and the image source methods. We conducted the evaluation experiment in an anechoic chamber. By animating the RIRs estimated by three microphones, the sound wave fronts including direct sound and primary-reflection can be clearly observed.
Research on angular vibration measurement system based on heterodyne interference

In order to accurately evaluate the dynamic performance of inertial devices, this paper proposed an angular vibration test system and method for inertial devices based on heterodyne interference technology. This system is mainly composed of the angular vibration excitation device and the angular vibration measurement device. By installing an angular reflector on the swing table, the dual-frequency laser interferometer (DFLI) can measure the real-time angle value of the swing table, then obtain its amplitude-frequency characteristics with the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm . The experimental results show that the test system can measure angular vibrations exceeding 1000 Hz. Furthermore, the frequency bandwidth of an interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG) fabricated in our laboratory is evaluated by the angular vibration test system aforementioned, and its cut-off frequency is measured as 375 Hz. Finally, a comprehensive theoretical analysis has been implemented to investigate the uncertainty factors in the DFLI of this system.
Impact of Acacia auriculiformis on the chemical fertility of sandy soils on the Batéké plateau, D.R. Congo

A 17‐year chronosequence of Acacia auriculiformis fallows on Arenosols of the Batéké Plateau (D.R. Congo) was surveyed and compared with virgin savannah soils to assess chemical soil fertility changes induced by these N‐fixing trees. Significant increases in organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, cation exchange capacity and sum of base cations were found after relatively short fallow periods of only 4 years and did not only affect the forest floor, but extended to at least 50 cm depth. The Acacia act as a major source of organic matter (OM), hence increasing organic carbon and nitrogen content and decreasing the C/N ratio. The increased OM content suggests that humification processes are the main cause of the significant decrease in pH. Total exchangeable cations initially increased slowly but doubled (topsoil 0–25 cm) and tripled (subsoil 25–50 cm) after 10 years. The point of zero net proton charge was systematically lower than soil pH and decreased with increasing OM content, thereby increasing the cation exchange capacity, although concurrent acidification retarded a significant beneficial impact at field pH on Acacia fallows of 10 years and older. Although the chemical soil fertility improves steadily with time, after 8 years of Acacia fallow the absolute amounts of available nutrients are still small and slash and burn practices are required to liberate the nutrients stored in the remaining biomass and litter before each new cropping period.
Research on improving reconstruction quality from holograms of marine algae in digital holographic microscopy

In this paper, we improve reconstruction quality from in-line holograms of marine algae by two phase-retrieval-based reconstruction methods. Digital holographic microscopy, with its high-resolution and volume recording capability, has been applied in the area of monitoring marine algae. We designed a digital in-line holographic microscopy laboratory system to observe and analyze marine algae. Due to the “twin-image” problem caused by the loss of phase information in hologram recording, the reconstructed quality from holograms of marine algae reduced significantly. To enhance reconstruction quality, the alternating projections methods and inverse methods are introduced and implemented on the marine algae holograms. Compared with the traditional backpropagation method, both of the above methods have good performance in improving reconstruction quality from in-line marine algae holograms.
Application of RGB-CCM and GLCM texture analysis to predict chlorophyll content in Vernonia amygdalina

Vernona amygdalina has been scientifically proven to have activity against various diseases i.e. anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-allergic. Detection of chlorophyll content in the leaves by non-invasive sensing is very important to estimate the antioxidant content. The purpose of this study was to predict the chlorophyll content of Vernona amygdalina leaves using computer vision as non-invasive sensing method. Artificial neural network (ANN) was used to model RGB colour co-occurrence matrix (CCM) and grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) textural features as input and leaf chlorophyll content as output. Performance comparisons in each ANN model were carried out to find the best model in predicting leaf chlorophyll content, indicated by the smallest prediction error value. The results showed that ANN can describe the relationship between textural features and leaf chlorophyll content. Red CCM textural features-subset showed the best results when compared to Green CCM, Blue CCM, and GLCM. The learning process in the training set data showed the MSE value of 0.0099, while the MSE value of the validation set data was 0.0472. The ANN model structure that can be used to predict chlorophyll content in Vernona amygdalina leaves consisted of 3 layers with 30 hidden nodes.
Research on traverse extraction algorithm based on point cloud distribution characteristics of overhead transmission lines

Airborne laser technology is widely used in transmission line operation and maintenance line construction acceptance and tree barrier analysis, and transmission line point cloud extraction is the basic work of these applications. A wire point cloud extraction algorithm is proposed in this paper. The first step is to segment the original point cloud data of a sortie by file; the second step is to roughly classify the single point cloud data; the third step is to refine the wire point cloud to obtain the target wire point cloud. Experiments verify that the accuracy of the algorithm is 90.2%, which verifies the accuracy and applicability of this algorithm.