Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of exogenously supplied potassium and sodium salts on the abscisic acid‐induced proline accumulation in barley leaf segments

A stimulation of the abscisic acid (ABA)-induced increase in proline was observed in leaf segments of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Georgie) if K+ or Na+ were supplied in the external medium as salts of monovalent anions such as NO3, Br, Cr and I, but not when sulphate or phosphate were used. To a lesser extent, the effect was evident also with RbCl, but it did not occur when chlorides of Li+. Cs+, NH4+, Mg:+ and Ca2+ were used. Both KC1 and NaCl in the concentration range 2–100 mM influence the ABA-dependent proline accumulation to the same extent; the increase induced was about 100% at 10 mM, and reached a maximum between 60 and 100 mM. The effect is not due to the osmotic activity of the salts and does not seem to depend on changes in K+ and Na+ levels within the leaf tissue, but it is somehow linked to their external concentration. The existence of a specific interaction between ABA and K+ or Na+, possibly at the cell membrane level, is proposed.
Parameter Estimation of Drag Coefficient and Rolling Resistance of Vehicles Based on GPS Speed Data

In this paper, a parameter estimation method of the model-based design approach is applied to estimate the drag coefficient and the rolling resistance coefficient of a vehicle. In fact, a constant-force parameter (c_const) and a velocity-square-force parameter (c_square) are in the vehicle model, and these result in the sum force applied along the translational DOF that models the vehicle. It is only an assumption that the constant force is the rolling resistance and the force proportional to the square of the velocity is the drag force of the air. Only GPS speed data is used for the estimation process. The conclusion is that parameter estimation is a good alternative when expensive measurement devices are not available to measure the force losses separately and directly.
Expression and Function of the Eph Receptor Family in Leukemia and Hematopoietic Malignancies: Prospects for Targeted Therapies

There has been considerable interest in recent years in the development of therapies, which target Eph receptors or their ephrin ligands. The Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their membrane bound ephrin ligands are cell surface molecules involved in many biological functions and cell behaviors during embryogenesis and in adult life. However, they are also expressed in an aberrant fashion on many tumors and are re-expressed on normal cells in nonmalignant pathological states. Some of the eph/ephrins including EphA7 and EphA1 protein are thought to function as tumor suppressors in particular cancers. In tumors where Eph/ephrin proteins are expressed at high levels, being expressed on the cell surface these proteins are readily accessible to antibody-mediated therapies several of which are in advanced pre-clinical or early clinical evaluation, including antibodies specific for EphA2, EphA3, and EphB4 which are expressed on many different tumors. We will review the general features of the Eph/ephrin system and discuss the role of this system in normal hematopoiesis before focusing on the role of Eph proteins in leukemia and other hematological malignancies and possible avenues for therapy.
Infauna fromZostera marina L. meadows in Norway. Differences in vegetated and unvegetated areas

Abstract To investigate the importance of benthic vegetation for shallow infaunal assemblages, macroinvertebrates were sampled inZostera marina meadows and in adjacent bare sand at three sites in the Skagerrak region and one in the Western part of Norway. A total of 3777 individuals were encountered, representing mainly the faunal groups Annelida, Nemertea, Echinodermata, Crustacea and Mollusca. Twice as many individuals were found in theZ. marina meadows compared to the bare sand. Oligochaetes were the most abundant group (29% of total number of individuals), followed by crustaceans (24%), polychaetes (18.5%) and molluscs (16%). Polychaetes showed the highest species number (42), followed by molluscs (30) and crustaceans (26). Multivariate cluster technique showed the highest similarities within sites and thereafter grouping according to the two different habitats;Zostera and sand. No regional differences were evident between the Skagerrak sites and the site in Western Norway, as the site from Western Norway grouped together with one of the Skagerrak sites. The high biodiversity inZostera marina beds should have implications for the management of such areas.
PRESCOTTIELLA, A NEW GENUS OF ASYMMETRICAL DESMIDS (CHLOROPHYCEAE) 1

Bipolar asymmetry has been considered a morphological characteristic sufficient for differentiation of genera among the Desmidiaceae. Therefore, Micrasterias sudanensis Grönbl. , Prowse & Scott, the only species of Micrasterias showing such asymmetry, is made the type of a new genus, Prescottiella, gen. nov.
Correlations of Condition, Testosterone, and Age with Multiple Ornaments in Male House Sparrows: Patterns and Implications

Abstract. Why many animals display several different kinds of ornaments has been of recent interest in animal-communication research. Three key hypotheses have been suggested: multiple ornaments can function as (1) multiple messages (each ornament provides different information), (2) redundant messages or back-up signals (all ornaments provide the same information), and (3) unreliable signals (no information). Here we tested the signal properties of ornamental traits of male House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) to better resolve the potential information different ornaments reveal. We repeatedly measured badge size, wingbar area and color, bill color, and leg color in 170 captive males over 3 years. We found that (1) badge size and wingbar area were related to condition (to mass, tarsus length, and the interaction of both), (2) badge size, wingbar area, and bill color were related to testosterone levels, (3) all ornaments except bill color were related to age, and (4) origin had only minor effects. We conclude that badge size, wingbar area, and bill color may function as multiple messages of different testosterone-related behaviors and that badge size, wingbar area, and leg color have the potential to function as back-up signals of age. However, the empirical categorization of ornaments as either multiple messages or back-up signals is not clear, and we suggest instead it is more informative to view multiple ornaments as providers of varying degrees of overlapping types of information.
Evidence of High Gene Flow Between Samples of Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) and Hairy Fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) as Revealed by Isozyme Polymorphisms

Abstract Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to identify polymorphisms in &agr;- and &bgr;-esterases loci and electrophoresis in starch gel to identify polymorphism in malate dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 1.1.1.37) and acid phosphatase (ACP; EC 3.1.3.2) isozymes loci in leaf tissues from samples of horseweed and hairy fleabane populations to determine genetic diversity and population structure. Similar or differential genetic divergence between the two species may guide specific use of herbicides. For samples of plants with high genetic similarity it is possible to adopt similar mechanisms and processes for their control. The proportion of polymorphic loci was 57.14, 50.0, and 53.6%, in samples of horseweed and hairy fleabane, for EST, MDH, and ACP isozymes, respectively. A comparison of the diversity parameters in the two species showed that the number of alleles is similar in the horseweed and hairy fleabane plants. The estimated heterozygosity in horseweed and hairy fleabane was also very close. A relatively low level of population differentiation was detected between horseweed and hairy fleabane (Fst = 0.0199), which suggests a substantial genetic exchange among the two species. Accordingly, estimate of gene flow was high (Nm = 12.3172) for the alleles of the loci Est, Mdh, and Acp. The Nei’s identity (I) values also was high (I = 0.9561) indicating very high similarity between the two Conyza species. AMOVA showed higher genetic variation within (95%) than among (5%) the two samples. The low genetic structure and high value of genetic identity was an important indication that alleles are exchanged between horseweed and hairy fleabane populations, and provides additional evidence of occurrence of outcrossing between populations or dispersion of samples of one for other site. Nomenclature: Hairy fleabane, Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. ; horseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.
A REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL SEPARATION, CONCENTRATION AND SEGREGATION TECHNIQUES IN MICROBIOLOGY

There are several major factors responsible for accentuating the need for real-time detection techniques for foodborne pathogens. These include: (1) the general upward trends in the reported statistics of food-poisoning worldwide and emergence of foodborne diseases (e.g. Salmonella enteritidis, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica); (2) the strict national and international food safety and hygiene regulations, including the US Pathogen reduction Act (e.g. setting zero tolerance classification by the USDA FSIS of E. coli O157:H7) and implementation of mandatory standards for microorganisms in the recent EEC directives for shell-fish, dairy products and eggs; (3) and the progressive introduction of a range of quality assurance and quality management programs (such as BS 5750, ISO 9000 and TQM) to enhance the efficiency and streamline modern food production and distribution systems. Increasing adoption of the HACCP approach to food production together with the recent information derived from a range of mathematical models for prediction of growth and survival of food-poisoning microorganisms can effectively reduce the potential risks by microbial contamination. Microbiological testing should be considered in the context of properly evaluated and implemented safety assurance systems. The role of microbiological testing in relation to HACCP has been discussed and considered in detail elsewhere (Hall 1994). Over the past ten years, a plethora of new methods for the microbiological examination of food has become available. The performance of these methods, outside of the originating laboratory, has to be effective and reliable, and this can only be assessed by proper validation of the methods. Validated methods are used by food control laboratories to analyze commodities to verify regulatory compliance. There are several international schemes available for validation of modem microbiological methodr, including AOAC International. IDF procedures, EMMAS and Microval (Anon. 1996). In order to produce consistently reliable data, a laboratory must ensure appropriate quality assurance measures are in place. These include filly documented methodr, proper trained laboratory staff and participation in a proficiency testing scheme, many of which are currently available.
Ginger, pepper and curry leaf powder as feed additives in broiler diet.

Two hundred and ten commercial, straight run day-old Vencobb broiler chicks belonging to single hatch were purchased from local hatchery, wing banded, weighed and randomly allotted into seven treatment groups with three replicates of ten chicks each. The chicks were reared in broiler cages in a gable roofed, open sided house. All the chicks were provided with uniform floor, feeder and waterer space and were reared under standard management conditions throughout the experimental period of six weeks. The treatments were T -Control; T -0.2% Ginger powder; T -0.2% Pepper powder; T -0.2% Curry leaf powder; T -0.2% Ginger 1 2 3 4 5 + 0.2% pepper; T -0.2% Ginger + 0.2% Curry leaf powder and T -0.2% Pepper + 0.2% Curry leaf powder. The 6 7 mean body weight (g/bird) of broilers at 6 weeks of age fed with different inclusion levels of dried ginger, pepper and curry leaf powder differ significantly (p<0.05) among treatment groups at six weeks of age. The feed conversion ratio was significantly (p<0.01) superior in ginger-curry leaf (T ) and pepper-curry leaf powder 6 (T ) fed groups compared to control. But the feed consumption did not differ significantly among treatment 7 groups because of isocaloric and isonitrogenous diet. The mean return over feed cost of T and T was 2 5 significantly (p<0.01) higher when compared to other treatment groups at sixth week of age. The carcass characteristics viz. pre-slaughter, New York dressed, eviscerated weights, ready-to-cook percentage, abdominal fat percentage and giblets weight did not differ significantly between the treatment groups fed different levels of dried ginger, pepper and curry leaf powder from 1-6 weeks of age.
Anadromous alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) contribute marine-derived nutrients to coastal stream food webs

Diadromous fish are an important link between marine and freshwater food webs. Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) strongly impact nutrient dynamics in inland waters and anadromous alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) may play a similar ecological role along the Atlantic coast. The annual spawning migration of anadromous alewife contributes, on average, 1050 g of nitrogen and 120 g of phosphorus to Bride Brook, Connecticut, USA, through excretion and mortality each year. Natural abundance stable isotope analyses indicate that this influx of marine-derived nitrogen is rapidly incorporated into the stream food web. An enriched δ15N signal, indicative of a marine origin, is present at all stream trophic levels with the greatest level of enrichment coincident with the timing of the anadromous alewife spawning migration. There was no significant effect of this nutrient influx on water chemistry, leaf decomposition, or periphyton accrual. Dam removal and fish ladder construction will allow anadromous alewife to regain.
Bacterial abundance and diversity in the Barbados Trench determined by phospholipid analysis

The Barbados trench is characterized by large fields of volcanoes and mounds located over a distance of 30 km above the northern slope of a basement ridge corresponding to an inactive transform fault. Sediments from various locations were collected and analyzed for their lipid contents. Bacterial input to the overall biomass was estimated through the analysis of phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and glycerol ether lipids. Results indicated a eubacterial biomass estimated to be 109cells (g dry wt)−1. Individual fatty acid profiles revealed the presence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria common to many deep-sea sites but also a large contribution of type I and type II methanotrophs to the eubacterial biomass. The presence of methanotrophs was further supported by the analysis of specific biomarkers of these microorganisms as well as some unusual trans fatty acid isomers. Anaerobic bacteria and presumbly sulfate reducing bacteria were also present, as well as archaebacteria and primarily methanogens, as indicated by glycerol ether lipid analysis.
Design, synthesis, molecular docking and anticonvulsant evaluation of 6-methyl-2-arylaminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one

Мета. Синтез 2-аміноарильних похідних 6-метил-піримідин-4(3H)-ону, віртуальний мішеньорієнтований скринінг з наступним вивченням протисудомної активності та встановлення закономірностей «структура-активність». Матеріали та методи. У роботі використовували стандартні методи органічного синтезу, будову синтезованих сполук доведено елементним аналізом, H ЯМР-спектроскопію, хромато-масспектрометрію. Молекулярний докінг проведено за допомогою AutoDockTools-1.5. 6 та AutoDock Vina. Протисудомну активність вивчено на пентилентетразоловій моделі судом у щурів. Результати. Mетилюванням 6-метил-піримідин-4(3H)-ону диметилсульфатом або метилйодидом одержано 2-тіометильне похідне. Нагріванням останнього з ароматичними амінами при 140 oC одержані цільові 2-аміноарильних 6-метил-піримідин-4(3H)-они. Перспективність скринінгу синтезованих сполук на пентилентетразоловій моделі судом та вибір об’єктів здійснено за результатами енергії зв’язування та оцінки конформації в активних сайтах ГАМКА рецептору та ГАМК-АТ. Досліджувані речовини не продемонстрували протисудомної активності: лише 2 сполуки виявили тенденція до прояву активності за критерієм інтегрального захисного показника – зменшення летальності порівняно з контролем, попереджуючи летальність у 100 та 80 % тварин, відповідно. Співставлення з попередніми результатами активності 2-тіоацетанілідних похідних дозволило довести позитивну роль тіоацетатамідного та фенільного фрагментів, а також 4-Br, 4-MeO радикалів в прояві протисудомної активності та збільшення летальності при наявності атомів Сl. Висновки. Здійснено синтез та доведено будову 2-аміноарильних похідних 6-метил-піримідин-4(3H)-он. На пентилентетразоловій моделі судом у щурів досліджувані сполуки не продемонстрували протисудомої активності. Однак одержані результати дозволили встановити ряд структурних фрагментів, що впливають на протисудомну активність. Визначено позитивну кореляцію між результатами in vivo досліджень на моделі пентилентетразолових судом та результатами докінгу в активні сайти ГАМКА та ензиму ГАМКАТ Ключові слова: ситнтез, піримідин, ацетаміди, докінг, ГАМК, протисудомна активність
Resprouting as a life history strategy in woody plant communities

Resprouting is an efficient means by which woody plants regain biomass lost during disturbance, but there is a life history trade-off that occurs in all disturbance regimes between investment in the current generation through resprouting vs investment in future generations at the same or more distant sites. The relative allocation to resprouting vs seeding in woody plant communities is dictated by the nature of disturbance regimes. Resprouting is the predominant response to the least severe disturbance regimes, but is also a common response in disturbance regimes of high severity, those that destroy most or all above-ground biomass, and which occur at medium to high frequency. The response to disturbance either by resprouting or seeding is dictated by the site's productivity. We present a comprehensive model for relative allocation to resprouting vs seeding across a range of disturbance regimes. Competition between plants that mostly seed vs those that mostly resprout should accentuate differences in allocation along a gradient of disturbance frequency. However the patchy nature of disturbance in time and space, coupled with gene flow among populations undergoing different disturbance regimes, ensures that it is unlikely that either resprouting or seeding will be the sole response in most plant communities at most disturbance frequencies. Additional influences on resprouting in woody plant communities include changes in allocation during the lifespan of individual plants and phylogenetic constraints that are expressed as biogeographic patterns.
TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI PADA PROSES KELAHIRAN DENGAN TEKNIK HIPNOSIS (HYPNOBIRTHING)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis tindak tutur ilokusi serta mengetahui penanda tindak tutur ilokusi yang terjadi pada tuturan bidan kepada pasiennya dalam proses kelahiran dengan teknik hipnosis (hypnobirthing). Pada penelitian kali ini penulis akan menganalisis jenis dan penanda tindak tutur ilokusinya. Dalam menganalisis data, penulis menggunakan teori yang dikembangkan oleh Jhon R. Searle. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif, dengan prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif dan menggunakan teknik simak catat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 32 data yang dianalisis, terdapat 3 jenis tindak tutur ilokusi, yaitu asertif, direktif, dan ekspresif. Di samping itu, ditemukan penanda dalam jenis tindak tutur ilokusi dengan jumlah 45 penanda yang terdiri dari adjektiva, adverbia, frasa adjektival, frasa nominal, frasa preposisional, frasa verbal, kategori fatis, nomina, pronomina, verba, dan verba kopula. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam proses kelahiran dengan teknik hipnosis (hypnobirthing), seorang bidan memanfaatkan tindak tutur ilokusi dalam strategi tuturannya. Dalam hal tersebut seorang bidan dominan menggunakan tindak tutur asertif dan direktif serta penanda tindak tutur ilokusi yang dominan merupakan verba.
Two new species of Hypogymnia (NYL.)NYL

This paper describes two new species of the genus Hypogymnia (Nyl.) Nyl. Material of the first species treated, H. laminisorediata D. Hawksw. & Poelt, was discovered independently by Professor J. Poelt and myself among collections from Greece and Morocco, respectively, whilst the second, H. tavaresii D. Hawksw. & P. James, was collected in the Canary Islands by Mr C. L. Champion and Mr P. W. James in January 1972.
Does the North Atlantic current affect spatial distribution of whiting? Testing environmental hypotheses using statistical and GIS techniques

This paper describes spatial relationships between whiting, Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758), abundance in the northern North Sea and contemporaneous measures of environmental conditions: sea surface temperature (SST), sea bottom temperature (SBT), and depth, with particular reference to the processes underlying patterns in SST. Generalised additive models (GAMs) were used to provide quantitative descriptions of the relationships between local abundance and environmental conditions. GIS (geographic information system) techniques were used to provide qualitative description of spatial patterns and to confirm the results revealed from GAMs. GAMs fitted to both long-term averaged and individual years’ data revealed marked seasonal changes in the spatial relationships between whiting abundance and environmental variables. The GAM results were supported by GIS analysis. In winter and spring (December–April) in the northern North Sea, the spatial pattern of SST apparently has an important influence on the spatial distribution of whiting at the same time. Where the water is relatively warm whiting abundance is relatively high, probably reflecting the indirect influence of North Atlantic waters entering the northern North Sea. However, there are no consistent optimum SST bands for whiting. These positive relationships between abundance and SST disappear in summer.
Rapid and reversible modifications of extension capacity of cell walls in elongating maize leaf tissues responding to root addition and removal of NaCl

A creep extensiometer technique was used to provide direct evidence that short (20 min) and long-term (3d) exposures of roots to growth inhibitory levels of salinity (100mol m-3 NaCl) induce reductions in the irreversible extension capacity of cell walls in the leaf elongation zone of intact maize seedlings (Zea mays L.). The long-term inhibition of cell wall extension capacity was reversed within 20 min of salt withdrawal from the root medium. Inhibited elongation of leaf epidermal tissues was also reversed after salt removal. The salt-induced changes in wall extension capacity were detected using in vivo and in vitro assays (shortly after localized freeze/thaw treatment of the basal elongation zone). The rapid reversal of the inhibition of wall extensibility and leaf growth after salt removal from root medium of long-term salinized plants, suggested that neither deficiencies in growth essential mineral nutrients nor toxic effects of NaCl on plasmamembrane viability were directly involved in the inhibition of leaf growth. There was consistent agreement between the scale, direction and timing of salinity-induced changes in leaf elongation growth and wall extension capacity. Rapid metabolically regulated changes in the physical properties of growing cell walls, caused by osmotic (or other) effects, appear to be a factor regulating maize leaf growth responses to root salinization.