Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the derived fuel rod formation from auto shredder residue using an extrusion apparatus

The objective of this study was to form auto shredder residue–derived fuel (ASRDF) by using an extrusion apparatus, to solve the disposal problems of auto shredder residue (ASR) and to recover the heat value in its combustible content. ASR is the waste material produced by shredding vehicles. In general, these materials contain 20–30% of each vehicle by weight. ASR should be preprocessed into extruded rods before being used for fuel to remove about 20–30% inorganic, incombustible materials and to accommodate easy transportation and storage. The analytical results of ASR indicated the moisture content to be <2%, ash was <20%, and combustibles were nearly 80% by weight. Concentrations of N and S in the ASR were very low, although the chlorine content of ASR was in the range of 1.32–2.79%, which is the main burden of the ASR utilization. The heat content of ASR was about 5000–6000 kcal kg−1 (9000–10,800 BTU lb−1). Particle size had no significant effect on the analytical chemical composition. All the data indicated that ASR had a significant potential use as RDF. Through observations of the appearance and density of the ASRDF rod, we found that better appearance and higher densities could be achieved at higher extrusion temperature and pressure. The heat content of ASRDF was much lower than that of ASR, and it decreased with increasing extrusion temperature and pressure. The reasons for the better appearance, higher densities, and heat loss on the conditions of higher extrusion temperature and pressure may be explained by the proposed die swell ratio and skin–core effect. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2006
Vapor‐Based Multicomponent Coatings for Antifouling and Biofunctional Synergic Modifications

A general concept is introduced featuring an ideal multifunctional surface that can avoid fouling problems while allowing the installed groups to perform with the high efficacy and accuracy necessary for delivering cascading and spontaneous biological activities. The idea is realized by using a direct synthesis of a multicomponent coating containing the two functionalities of 4‐methyl‐propiolate and 4‐N‐maleimidomethyl that is achieved via chemical vapor deposition copolymerization on various substrates. The novel coating can simultaneously perform specific bio‐orthogonal reactions, including the azide‐alkyne click reaction and a thiol‐maleimide coupling reaction. In the study, azide‐terminated polyethylene glycols are first immobilized on the methyl propiolate groups to impart an antifouling property, while bioactivity is enabled by tethering biotinylated thiols or Cys‐Arg‐Glu‐Asp‐Val (CREDV) peptides on the maleimide groups. The induced antifouling properties and bioactivities are confirmed by quartz crystal microbalance and cell culture studies. Finally, precisely manipulated endothelial cells, namely, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and bovine arterial endothelial cells, are observed on a complex stent substrate and on confined areas of the poly(methyl methacrylate) substrates.
Metallindikatoren II. Beziehungen zwischen Struktur und Komplexbildungsvermögen bei Verwandten des Murexids

1. Methin-bis-barbitursaure (Ia), Methin-bis-(1,3-dimethyl-barbitursaure) (IIa) und Barbituryl-azin-(4-methyl-uracil) (VIII) wurden in reinem Zustande erhalten und charakterisiert. In Losung konnte der sehr unbestandige Farbstoff: Azin-bis-dimedon (III) erhalten und untersucht werden. Weiter wurden das Reduktionsprodukt von Ia, die Methylen-bis-barbitursaure, sowie die athylen-bis-barbitursaure erstmals dargestellt und charakterisiert.
Electrochemical synthesis of flower shaped morphology MOFs in an ionic liquid system and their electrocatalytic application to the hydrogen evolution reaction

An important functional material, MOF-5, with unique flower shaped morphology, which is usually synthesized through hydrothermal or solvothermal methods at high temperature and pressure with high energy consumption, was successfully prepared by a mild in situ electrochemical synthesis method in a tunable ionic liquid (IL) system. In the reaction, H2BDC (BDC = 1,4-benzene-dicarboxylate) was chosen as the organic ligand, and the ionic liquid was Bmim (Bmim = 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole) bromine which functioned as a templating agent. The π–π stacking interaction between the imidazole groups, and the ionic band between the Zn2+ and Cl−, cause the directional arrangement of the MOF-5 crystal. Results show that the reaction results in a more perfect MOF-5 crystalline phase in comparison to other methods. The product, MOF-5(IL), presents a distinctive flower shaped morphology with a diameter of about 10 microns, and possesses a homogeneous morphology, stable structure and high thermal stability (up to 380 °C in N2 atmosphere). The electrochemical reaction in the ionic liquid Bmim bromine is a quasi-reversible redox reaction. The cyclic voltammetric curve of the MOF-5(IL) modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) illustrates that the flower shaped MOF-5(IL) has a better ability to catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction than cubic MOF-5 prepared by other methods. The electrochemical method in the ionic liquid system can also be used to synthesize other MOF materials and nanomaterials by changing the metal ions, ligands and ionic liquid types.
A solid state artificial muscle based on polypyrrole and a solid polymeric electrolyte working in air

A solid state artificial muscle based on polypyrrole(PPy) and poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) [P(ECH-co-EO)]/ LiClO4 (solid polymeric electrolyte) is developed; an angular movement in air with rate, direction and electrical control similar to those obtained in a liquid electrolyte (aqueous solution of LiClO4) is registered when an electrical current was applied.
Automatic Identification of Spike and Waves in the EEG of Epileptic Patients

Reading an EEG by neurologists, to diagnose epilepsy or to evaluate pathological events that contribute to the diagnosis, is very time consuming. A pathological event of the EEG that is indicative of epilepsy is the spike and wave. The objective of the study is the creation of an epileptic spike and waves detector based on a set of matched filters to support the diagnosis of epilepsy through a tool capable of detecting spike and waves in the EEG signal. The first chapter provides anatomical, biological and physiological information necessary to understand the problem. A brief description of epilepsy and its classifications is also described, with the related pathological waveforms that can be found in the EEG. The second chapter illustrates some mathematical concepts useful for better understanding the work. The third chapter describes the dataset used consisting of 10 EEG signals and the method for identifying the spike and waves from the signals. The results achieved are described in chapter four. In particular, the average true positive rate (TPR) obtained considering all patients is 85%, with an average precision (PPV) of 67%. Then the algorithm was tested to a dataset of healthy patients to understand if it was able to distinguish between healthy and sick patients. It has also been noted that even in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) there is the presence of spike and waves. It has been observed also that the number and frequency of spikes change according to the period considered, showing an increase in the pre-ictal period compared to the inter-ictal period, with a considerable increase during the seizure. Finally, the last chapter describes some improvements that could be made and future research that could be carried out.
Electroless nanowelding of silver nanowires at room temperature

Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) surfactants were coated on either polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or glass substrates. The resistance of the Ag NW film was very high due to the PVP molecules wrapping around the Ag NWs and preventing good electrical contacts between them. We performed an Ag electroless deposition (ELD) on the Ag NW film at room temperature and achieved the welding of Ag NWs by enhancing the deposition of Ag right at the junctions of the two crossing wires. The welding of Ag NWs drastically reduced the sheet resistance (Rsh) of the film from 17000 to 20 ohm sq−1 for only a 2 min treatment. By conducting the Ag ELD on the PVP-removed Ag NW film annealed at 200 °C, we showed that the PVP molecules concentrated at the junctions were responsible for the nanowelding behavior. In addition, both ethylenediamine (EDA) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) could mildly etch the Ag NWs to remove PVP from the wires at room temperature, improving the contacts between Ag NWs and thus reducing the Rsh of the Ag NW film. An organic light emitting diode with ELD-treated Ag NW film was prepared to demonstrate the applicability of the nanowelding technique for conductivity enhancement. The better performance of the device based on ELD-treated Ag NW film compared with that on Ag thin film was due to the higher degree of light transmittance and work function of the Ag NWs.
Stochastic heat equation with general rough noise

We study the well-posedness of a nonlinear one dimensional stochastic heat equation driven by Gaussian noise: ∂u ∂t = ∂ u ∂x2 + σ(u)Ẇ , where Ẇ is white in time and fractional in space with Hurst parameter H ∈ ( 1 4 , 1 2 ). In a recent paper [12] by Hu, Huang, Lê, Nualart and Tindel a technical and unusual condition of σ(0) = 0 was assumed which is critical in their approach. The main effort of this paper is to remove this condition. The idea is to work on a weighted space Z λ,T for some power decay weight λ(x) = cH(1 + |x| 2)H−1. In addition, when σ(u) = 1 we obtain the exact asympotics of the solution uadd(t, x) as t and x go to infinity. In particular, we find the exact growth of sup|x|≤L |uadd(t, x)| and the sharp growth rate for the Hölder coefficients, namely, sup|x|≤L |uadd(t,x+h)−uadd(t,x)| |h|β and sup|x|≤L |uadd(t+τ,x)−uadd(t,x)| τα . Abstract. Nous étudions une équation de chaleur stochastique á une dimension spatiale non linéaire entrânée par le bruit gaussien: ∂u ∂t = ∂ u ∂x2 + σ(u)Ẇ , où Ẇ est blanc dans le temps et fractionnaire dans le espace avec le paramètre Hurst H ∈ ( 1 4 , 1 2 ). Dans un article récent [12] par Hu, Huang, Lê, Nualart et Tindel une condition technique et inhabituelle de σ(0) = 0 a été supposé, ce qui est critique dans leur approche. Le principal effort de ce document est de supprimer cette condition. L’idée est de travailler sur un espace pondéré Z λ,T pour un certain poids de décroissance de puissance λ(x) = cH(1+|x|). Lorsque σ(u) = 1 nous obtenons les asympotiques exacts de la solution uadd(t, x) as t et x vont l’infini. En particulier, nous trouvons la croissance exacte de sup|x|≤L |uadd(t, x)| et la croissance exacte des coefficients de Hölder, c’est-àdire, sup|x|≤L |uadd(t,x+h)−uadd(t,x)| |h|β et sup|x|≤L |uadd(t+τ,x)−uadd(t,x)| τα . Nous étudions une équation de chaleur stochastique á une dimension spatiale non linéaire entrânée par le bruit gaussien: ∂u ∂t = ∂ u ∂x2 + σ(u)Ẇ , où Ẇ est blanc dans le temps et fractionnaire dans le espace avec le paramètre Hurst H ∈ ( 1 4 , 1 2 ). Dans un article récent [12] par Hu, Huang, Lê, Nualart et Tindel une condition technique et inhabituelle de σ(0) = 0 a été supposé, ce qui est critique dans leur approche. Le principal effort de ce document est de supprimer cette condition. L’idée est de travailler sur un espace pondéré Z λ,T pour un certain poids de décroissance de puissance λ(x) = cH(1+|x|). Lorsque σ(u) = 1 nous obtenons les asympotiques exacts de la solution uadd(t, x) as t et x vont l’infini. En particulier, nous trouvons la croissance exacte de sup|x|≤L |uadd(t, x)| et la croissance exacte des coefficients de Hölder, c’est-àdire, sup|x|≤L |uadd(t,x+h)−uadd(t,x)| |h|β et sup|x|≤L |uadd(t+τ,x)−uadd(t,x)| τα .
Prevalence of Childhood Obesity among School Children of Dehradun city, Uttarakhand

Childhood obesity is predictive of adult obesity and is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. Worldwide, the prevalence of combined overweight and obesity rose by 27.5% for adults and 47.1% for children between 1980 and 2013. Once considered a high-income country problem, overweight and obesity are now on the rise in lowand middle-income countries, particularly in urban settings. In developing countries with emerging economies (classified by the World Bank as lowerand middle-income countries) the rate of increase of childhood overweight and obesity has been more than 30% higher than that of developed countries (WHO, 2015). Food habits, nutritional status and lifestyle in childhood are the major contributors that determine the health of an adult. Unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity during International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 11 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Arabidopsis AUGMIN Subunit8 Is a Microtubule Plus-End Binding Protein That Promotes Microtubule Reorientation in HypocotylsC

Lingyan Cao,a,1 Linhai Wang,a,1 Min Zheng,a,1 Hong Cao,a Lian Ding,b Xiaolan Zhang,b and Ying Fua,2 a State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China bDepartment of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Job Training, Remote Working, and Self-Employment: Displaced Workers Beyond Employment Hysteresis†

The recent SARS-Cov-2 pandemic has contributed to several corporate crises. As a result, many Smalland Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Italy have filed for bankruptcy in the first quarter of 2020. In addition to a gigantic macroeconomic effect, the lockdown has impacted individuals to a large extent. In this article, we investigate the behavioural response of employees who are under a dual condition of stress; namely, the pandemic and the risk of job loss. The hypothesis of employment hysteresis is challenged by looking at the tendency of individuals who are employed in firms facing a crisis, or in difficulty, to participate in training measures for: a similar job, remote working, and self-employment. Findings from a seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) model show a significant increase in the likelihood to participate in standard or high-commitment training measures for similar jobs and remote working for employees who: i) positively value their professional social capital, i.e. their membership in a trade union (+24.4 and +25.2 percentage points, respectively); ii) have some displaced colleagues (+29.6 and +40.7 percentage points, respectively). Finally, we find that employees with a lower educational background are less likely to consider the possibility of switching between occupations.
The State of Europeanisation: between Clash and Convergence. A comparison of the media coverage of the 2019 European Elections in seven countries

Resumen The issue of the Europeanisation of national public spheres is a question as to how a discursive media space can be created within the EU. There are forces of convergence at work, such as networking within the borderless digital space. At the same time, there are counterforces: increasing nationalism and populists who identify ‘Brussels’ as a target for their criticism of elites. The vision of a European public sphere appears to share the same fate as the European project as such; as a result of years of crisis, optimism has given way to disillusion. Using coverage of the 2019 EU elections in seven European countries (a total of 57,943 articles from Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, the Czech Republic, and the UK), we draw a picture of a heterogeneous EU public. What is particularly La “europeización” de las esferas públicas nacionales es una cuestion de crear un espacio mediático discursivo dentro de la UE. Hay fuerzas de convergencia, como redes en el espacio digital. Al mismo tiempo, hay fuerzas contrarias, un creciente nacionalismo y populistas que critican los élites a “Bruselas”. Aparentemente, la visión de una esfera pública europea comparte su suerte con el proyecto Europeo: después de años de crisis, el optimismo se convirtió en desilusión. Utilizando la cobertura mediática de las elecciones de la UE de 2019 en siete países europeos (57.943 artículos de Alemania, Hungría, Italia, Polonia, Portugal, la República Checa y el Reino Unido), dibujamos cuadro de un público heterogéneo de la UE. Resulta claramente que la
Synthesis and properties of polydimethylsiloxane‐containing block copolymers via living radical polymerization

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) block copolymers were synthesized by using PDMS macroinitiators with copper-mediated living radical polymerization. Diamino PDMS led to initiators that gave ABA block copolymers, but there was low initiator efficiency and molecular weights are somewhat uncontrolled. The use of mono- and difunctional carbinol–hydroxyl functional initiators led to AB and ABA block copolymers with narrow polydispersity indices (PDIs) and controlled number-average molecular weights (Mn's). Polymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) was discovered with a range of molecular weights produced. Polymerizations proceeded with excellent first-order kinetics indicative of living polymerization. ABA block copolymers with MMA were prepared with between 28 and 84 wt % poly(methyl methacrylate) with Mn's between 7.6 and 35 K (PDI <1.30), which show thermal transitions characteristic of block copolymers. ABA block copolymers with DMAEMA led to amphiphilic block copolymers with Mn's between 9.5 and 45.7 K (PDIs of 1.25–1.70), which formed aggregates in solution with a critical micelle concentration of 0.1 g dm−3 as determined by pyrene fluorimetry experiments. Monocarbinol functional PDMS gave AB block copolymers with both MMA and DMAEMA. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1833–1842, 2001
Analysis and Prediction of Overloaded Extra-Heavy Vehicles for Highway Safety Using Machine Learning

Along with the prosperity and rapid development of the national economy, the transportation industry has rapidly developed in China. However, overloaded vehicles have been causing frequent traffic accidents. Thus, to alleviate or resolve the corresponding problems associated with highway engineering safety and the market economy, an improved technique for overload management is urgently required. In this study, to analyze the overload data on expressways and highways in China, we developed a machine learning model by comparing the performances of cluster analysis, backpropagation neural network (BPNN), generalized regression neural network (GRNN), and wavelet neural network (WNN) in analyzing global and local time series overload data. In a case study, our results revealed the trends of overloading on highways in Jiangsu Province. Given sufficient data, BPNN performed better than GRNN and WNN. As the amount of training data increased, GRNN performed better, but the runtime increased. WNN had the shortest runtime among the three methods and could reflect the future trends of the overload rate in the monthly data prediction of overload. Our model provides information with potential value for expressway network management departments through data mining. This information could help management departments allocate resources reasonably and optimize the information utilization rate.
The Economic Gains from Equity

ABSTRACT:How much larger would the US economic pie be if labor market outcomes were more equitably distributed by race and ethnicity? Using data from the Current Population Survey (1990–2019), we estimate the improvements in labor contribution to aggregate output associated with making the outcomes for Black, Hispanic, and other minority groups at least as favorable as those for non-Hispanic white individuals in employment, hours worked, educational attainment, educational utilization, and earnings. We find significant economic gains, measured in trillions of dollars of GDP. Our results indicate that ensuring all Americans have an equitable opportunity to participate in the economy is an economically significant way to increase aggregate prosperity.
Staatliche Bankgarantien und Allokationseffizienz

In the wake of the recent financial crisis, many governments extended public guarantees to banks. We take advantage of a natural experiment, in which long-standing public guarantees were removed for a set of German banks following a lawsuit, to identify the real effects of these guarantees on the allocation of credit (“allocative efficiency”). Using matched bank/firm data, we find that public guarantees reduce allocative efficiency. With guarantees in place, poorly performing firms invest more and maintain higher rates of sales growth. Moreover, firms produce less efficiently in the presence of public guarantees. Consistently, we show that guarantees reduce the likelihood that firms exit the market. These findings suggest that public guarantees hinder restructuring activities and prevent resources to flow to the most productive uses.
Effect of Elevated Left Ventricular End Diastolic Pressure on Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve Discordance

Background Instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR)-guided physiological assessment has been shown to be non-inferior to fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided assessment for deciding best treatment strategy for angiographically intermediate stenosis. The diagnostic accuracy of iFR compared to FFR reported in various studies is around 80%. Many factors can lead to iFR/FFR discordance, though underlying physiological mechanism of discordance and its associated factors have not been fully evaluated. The effect of left ventricle end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) on iFR/FFR discordance is unknown and needs further evaluation. Methods We performed a single center, non-randomized, both retrospective and prospective study. A total of 65 patients with intermediate coronary stenosis undergoing physiological assessment were included in the study. Patients were assigned to two groups (normal LVEDP and high LVEDP group) based on LVEDP cutoff of 15 mm Hg. iFR and FFR were measured for each patient and iFR/FFR results were compared between the two groups. Results A significantly large number of patients in elevated LVEDP group had iFR/FFR discordance compared to normal LVEDP group (42.8% vs. 6.7%, P = 0.001). More patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) had discordance compared to stale coronary artery disease (CAD) patients (53% vs. 15%, P = 0.003). Conclusions Elevated LVEDP can affect iFR and FFR measurements and can lead to discordance. Further studies are required to determine effect of elevated LVEDP on iFR/FFR discordance and whether such discordance is clinically relevant. “Normal range” iFR results should be cautiously interpreted in patients with elevated LVEDP, especially those with ACS.
Poster: Evaluating Cascading-VPN Performance

—Virtual Private Network (VPN) protocols provide means for establishing secure inter-network links. However, they do not provide anonymity. VPN providers can monitor both ends of the connection. On the other hand, Onion Routing offers very good anonymity properties but offers signiﬁcantly less throughput than typical VPN setups. An interesting compromise is using several VPN servers connected in series (cascading VPN). This paper evaluates the throughput of two VPN protocols, WireGuard and OpenVPN, in a cascading environment.
Plasma diagnostics using electron paramagnetic resonance

Methods giving absolute concentrations of various species in the plasma are of utmost importance to plasma research. Besides currently prevalent laser methods, a method based on microwave absorption—electron paramagnetic resonance—can be successfully used for plasma diagnostics. It is able to detect many atoms, molecules and radicals in the ground or excited states. In this paper we give an overview of the method and several practical examples.