Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photosynthetic parameters of urban greening trees growing on paved land

Abstract: Two common urban greening trees, ash (Fraxinus chinensis Roxb.) and maple (Acer truncatum Bunge.), were planted in arranged pervious and impervious land pavements to clarify the response in the photosynthetic processes of the urban tree under different types of pavement. Leaf light and CO2 response curves of the net photosynthetic rate were constructed based on in situ measurements in the 4th year after planting, and additional photosynthetic parameters were obtained. The surface temperature and soil temperature significantly increased while the soil moisture significantly decreased in the land pavement, and these changes varied with types of pavement. The light-saturated net photosynthetic rates of both ash and maple, the saturated intercellular CO2 concentration of ash, and the light saturation point, CO2-saturated net photosynthetic rate and maximum carboxylation rate of maple significantly decreased in impervious pavement, indicating that both the capacity of leaf photosynthesis and utilization of high light and CO2 concentrations were significantly reduced by land pavement. The down-regulation of photosynthesis in the impervious pavement was mainly due to the reduction of available soil water. Photosynthetic parameters of maple showed more sensitivity to the land pavement than those of ash. There was less impact from pervious pavement than impervious pavement on the photosynthetic parameters of ash and maple.
Project Summary CAREER: Program Synthesis with Quantitative Guarantees

Overview Software has been changing our lives for many decades, but despite the advances in programming language design, how we write programs has not changed much: programmers keep repeating similar mistakes, writing similar programs, and fixing similar bugs. Program synthesis, the art of automatically generating programs that meet user intents, promises to increase the productivity of programmers and end-users of computing devices by automating tedious, error-prone, and time-consuming tasks. Despite the practical successes of program synthesis, we still do not have systematic frameworks to synthesize programs that are “good” according to certain metrics—e.g., produce programs of reasonable size or with good runtime—and to understand when synthesis can result in such good programs. We envision a world in which synthesis algorithms are more predictable and accurate. To realize this vision, we propose to attack the problem of performing program synthesis in the presence of quantitative objectives while providing quantitative guarantees on the results and on the performance of the synthesis algorithms. Concretely, we will re-design existing specification mechanisms and solving techniques for synthesis problems to accommodate optimization objectives on the synthesized program. To achieve this goal, we plan our investigation along two synergistic research thrusts: T1 We will investigate the use of formal methods such as weighted tree grammars, weighted logics, and logics with probabilities to specify quantitative objectives on the syntax, semantics, and probabilistic outcomes of the synthesized programs. We will use such formalisms to design new algorithms for synthesizing programs that satisfy quantitative objectives on the syntax and semantics of programs. T2 We will design new synthesis algorithms that can (i) generate programs that satisfy user-given probabilistic objectives, and (ii) run efficiently when operating on certain probabilistic inputs. We will draw inspiration from the theories of computational learning and random graphs to design synthesis algorithms with provable probabilistic guarantees.
Mechanical Properties of Ceramics by Indentation: Principle and Applications

Mechanical properties such as hardness, bulk modulus, tensile properties and toughness of massive ceramics and adhesion or cohesion of ceramic coatings can be determined by indentation tests. From a general point of view, the indentation test simply consists of performing a print at the surface of a material by the penetration of a hard indenter at a given indentation load. For this purpose, the indenter can have different geometrical shapes such as spherical, conical or pyramidal, the objective being to produce a different elastoplastic deformation of the material below the indenter. The indentation load can be chosen in the nano-, microor macro-indentation ranges thus allowing the study of local or global mechanical properties. The mechanical properties are determined by analysing the geometrical dimensions of the residual indent (usual indentation) or from the analysis of a load-depth curve (instrumented indentation tests). Generally, pyramidal indenters are used to determine hardness, bulk modulus and cracking resistance of the material, whereas spherical indenters are mainly used to determine the tensile properties and bulk modulus. The objective of this chapter is to give theoretical and experimental tools for determining the mechanical properties by indentation of massive ceramics and ceramic coatings. The chapter is divided in five parts: 1) Hardness definition, indentation size effect, dynamic hardness and hardness of thin films, 2) Bulk modulus of massive materials using the Marshall’s method and the Oliver and Pharr’s method, spherical and Vickers indentations and bulk modulus modelling for thin films, 3) Vickers indentation fracture toughness, 4) Tensile mechanical properties and 5) Adhesive properties by scratch tests for thin films and interface indentation tests for thick coatings.
Identifying And Monitoring Effects Of Lens Aberrations In Projection Printing

Basic studies of projection printed images are presented to identify the types of patterns which are most susceptible to residual aberrations and to establish test structures which may be used to monitor the presence of critical types of residuals. These effects are explored by including arbitrary lens optical path difference (OPD) aberration functions in a two-dimensional optical image simulation program associated with SAMPLE. The lens aberration function is expressed either in Zernike polynomials or a series expansion. The intensity is calculated from Hopkin's transmission cross-coefficient formula-tion with a self-checking algorithm. A catalog of results is presented here for the dominant primary aberrations of coma and astigmatism for a fixed maximum OPD of 0.4 λ. Contact holes are shown to be much more susceptible to astigmatism than coma and the traditional checkerboard test pattern is verified as a sensitive diagnostic pattern. An alternative structure con-sisting of thin lines with a short break is shown to be even more sensitive to astigmatism and useful for distinguishing it from coma. A further improvement in sensitivity is obtained through the use of small nonprintable defect-like features in proximity to regular features which coherently interact with the blurred image of the feature. A test target of this type is recommended for monitoring coma.
Reihe Ökonomie Economics Series The Welfare Evaluation of Primary Goods : A Suggestion

This paper presents a characterization of a welfare index for the evaluation of primary goods (to be understood as those goods that all agents should enjoy equally). The welfare associated with a given distribution of n primary goods among m agents is measured as the sum of n real-valued functions, one for each good, which are increasing in the aggregate consumption and decreasing in its dispersion (measured by Theil’s first inequality index).
Skin care of premature newborns : integrative review

To describe and analyze scientific evidence in national and international studies on nursing care for skin integrity of preterm newborns (PTNBs) in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Integrative review in LILACS, BDENF, SciELO, CINAHL, PubMed and EMBASE. Twenty-three articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected with use of the PRISMA method. Ten studies addressed products for the skin of preterm infants; five focused on bathing and diaper dermatitis; two reported use of incubators and control of transepidermal water loss; two discussed pressure injuries; and four addressed the protocols and practices of nurses in skin care. The results showed there are many products available, but a lack of evidence for their practical application. Bath products and periodicity and care for pressure injuries were better addressed in the literature, in spite of gaps in the prevention of infections and injuries, and use of
Chapter 2 Structure and PtdIns ( 3 , 4 ) P 2 binding of pleckstrin CPH

Pleckstrin is a protein of three domains: the prototypic PH domains at each terminus (NPH and C-PH), separated by the DEP domain and two inter-domain linkers. The structures of N-PH and DEP are known (Yoon et al., 1994;Civera et al., 2004), but not the structure of C-PH. In fact, C-PH is structurally and biochemically totally uncharacterised. In the present chapter, the NMR structure determination and phospholipid binding properties of C-PH are described. This does not only serve to elucidate the biological function of pleckstrin C-PH, but also to obtain the last building block that is required to assemble the structure of the full-length protein, as described in the following chapters.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Multidirectional Transformations and Synchronisations (Dagstuhl Seminar 18491)

Bidirectional transformations (bx) are a mechanism for maintaining the consistency of two (or more) related sources of information, such as models in model-driven development, database schemas, or programs. Bx technologies have been developed for practical engineering purposes in many diverse ﬁelds. Diﬀerent disciplines such as programming languages, graph transformations, software engineering, and databases have contributed to the concepts and theory of bx. However, so far, most eﬀorts have been focused on the case where exactly two information sources must be kept consistent; the case of more than two has usually been considered as an afterthought. In many practical scenarios, it is essential to work with more than two information sources, but the community has hardly started to identify and address the research challenges that this brings. Driven by the practical needs and usage scenarios from industry, this Dagstuhl Seminar aimed to identify the challenges, issues and open research problems for multidirectional model transformations and synchronisations and sketch a road map for developing relevant concepts, theories and tools. The report contains an executive summary of the seminar, reports from its working groups, as well as descriptions of industrial and academic case studies that motivated the discussions.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF TUBE HYDROFORMING TECHNOLOGY

The success in tube hydroforming (THF) technology depends on an appropriate loading path w hich could be described as the combination between the a xial force or the axial punch displacement and the inter nal pressure. In the paper is presented a numerical stu dy about the tube hydroforming process of a profilated part, considering as the main parameters the presence or the absence of the axial displacement of the punches an d different friction coefficients. Using finite element method it has been demonstrated that the combination of th e tube hydroforming process parameters could be determined very efficiently. The simulated results recommend t he deformation with axial moving of the punches as the best method to control the part quality and to generate successful part without fracture or wrinkling failu re.
Foetal Weight Estimation by Support Vector Regression

Foetal weight estimation based on echographic measurements has paramount importance. This paper reports some results using data taken from a dataset of four Portuguese hospitals that participated in the collection of clinical and echographic data (414 cases) during 1998-99. Firstly, it revises some theoretical concepts from Statistical Learning Theory. Then, reports some results using Support Vector regression to predict foetal weigh in lower and higher bands. Finally, it concludes that the error given by the SVR methods are better than traditional formulas and can be improved further.
Game theory based content placement and pricing in connected edge networks

Over the last decade, an exponential growth in media traffic calls for designing new network architectures for future content distribution networks. Researchers have focused on mitigating the effect of the media traffic by caching them in in-network nodes closer to the end users. Caching content as supported by Information-centric networking (ICN) is regarded as a very encouraging solution to diminish the backhaul traffic load as well as the latency. Different centrality metrics have been used in the past to model different caching strategies in ICN. In this thesis, we propose a complete operational framework from content provider’s perspective which includes placement and pricing of digital media contents. At first we propose a novel caching strategy based on game theoretic centrality metric to store a content close (here ‘close’ means that minimum number of hops are required by the user(s) to locate and get the content in a sparsely connected, multi-hop network) to the potentially interested user(s). Based on the content access history of BBC iPlayer in UK, we evaluate our proposed content placement solution in two different real life scenarios. The evaluation is performed to measure different metrics like traffic savings, energy savings, etc. It is also shown that the performance our proposed solution outperforms the state-of-the-art centrality measures. Along with the content placement, we provide a content pricing policy also from the content provider’s perspective. Using Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS), we propose a pricing policy so that the both users and platform provider maximize benefits, while the load of the server is minimized.
Body composition and intake of nutrients associated with bone metabolism in young adolescents in a peri-urban setting

Objective: The aim was to describe the anthropometry, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), dietary calcium intake and 25(OH)D3 levels in 11and 12-year-old children in a peri-urban area. Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive study in the quantitative domain was undertaken. Setting: Bronkhorstspruit, Gauteng, South Africa. Subjects: Children, conveniently selected, were assessed in two groups. The first group comprised 70 children. From the 70 children, 20 children were conveniently selected to form a sub-sample (n = 20). Outcome measures: Anthropometric data (weight, height) and dietary data (three quantified multi-pass 24-hour recalls). Children in the sub-sample additionally underwent body composition assessment (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; DXA scan) and a finger prick for 25(OH)D3. Results: BMI and body composition data (body fat mass and lean fat mass) showed that the girls exceeded the boys in all measurements. The girls had a non-significantly higher BMD and BMC than the boys. The mean and median values for 25(OH)D3 were lower than the reference range values. Dietary intake results showed that the children had a sufficient macronutrient intake, but a deficient intake of calcium, phosphate and vitamin D. The sub-sample had a mean vitamin D intake of 3.2 mcg. Conclusion: The girls exceeded the boys in all the anthropometric and body composition measurements. The calcium and vitamin D intake of the children were of concern. There were no significant differences or relationships in the bone measurements and vitamin D status between the boys and girls.
Immobilization Study of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae on Polyurethane Foam for Ethanol Production

Fermentation is a biological process that occurs by the action of bacteria or fungi attached or not to solid supports by an immobilization process ensuring higher cell density and enabling higher production. Several studies were performed using immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for ethanol production, but few of them used polyurethane foam as support (affordable, high porosity, low density, interconnected pores, and low-cost foam). Therefore, the objective of this research is to study the immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on polyurethane foam for the alcoholic fermentation and analyze the influence of the surface area of immobilization in production efficiency, concentration of non-volatile suspended solids and leaching of immobilized cells during the process. For this, an automated reactor was used to process the immobilization and subsequent fermentation. Solid tests, alcohol yield and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the results, which showed that the ethanol production increases with growth of surface area of polyurethane foam (8.6, 9.0 and 11.0 mL of ethanol per liter of solution for the cultures at 480, 720 and 960 cm 2 of foam, respectively). Additionally, treatment of the support (NaOH solution and high temperature) decreases the leaching of yeast during the process by 46 %. Thus, the ethanol production via fermentation with immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on pretreated polyurethane foam presented a good alternative in comparison of traditional systems reducing the concentration of non-volatile suspended solids and facilitating the separation of final product. KeywordsFermentation, Immobilization, Polyurethane, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Extended Abstract : A Functional Approach to Monte Carlo based American Option Pricing

We study the feasibility and performance efficiency of expressing a complex financial numerical algorithm with highlevel functional parallel constructs. The algorithm we investigate is a least-square regression-based Monte-Carlo simulation for pricing American options.We propose an accelerated parallel implementation in Futhark, a high-level functional data-parallel language. The Futhark language targets GPUs as the compute platform and we achieve a performance comparable to an implementation optimised by NVIDIA CUDA engineers. In absolute terms, we can price a put option with 1 million simulation paths and 100 time steps in 20ms on a NVIDIA Tesla V100 GPU. CCS Concepts •Computingmethodologies→ Shared memory algorithms;Massively parallel algorithms;Massively parallel and high-performance simulations; Parallel programming languages; • Applied computing → Economics; • Computer systems organization → Multicore architectures;
Title A Comparison of Hybrid Beamforming and Digital Beamforming With Low-Resolution ADCs for Multiple Users and Imperfect CSI Permalink

For 5G it will be important to leverage the available millimeter wave spectrum. To achieve an approximately omnidirectional coverage with a similar effective antenna aperture compared to state of the art cellular systems, an antenna array is required at both the mobile and basestation. Due to the large bandwidth and inefficient amplifiers available in CMOS for mmWave, the analog front-end of the receiver with a large number of antennas becomes especially power hungry. Two main solutions exist to reduce the power consumption: hybrid beam forming and digital beam forming with low resolution Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs). In this work we compare the spectral and energy efficiency of both systems under practical system constraints. We consider the effects of channel estimation, transmitter impairments and multiple simultaneous users. Our power consumption model considers components reported in literature at 60 GHz. In contrast to many other works we also consider the correlation of the quantization error, and generalize the modeling of it to non-uniform quantizers and different quantizers at each antenna. The result shows that as the SNR gets larger the ADC resolution achieving the optimal energy efficiency gets also larger. The energy efficiency peaks for 5 bit resolution at high SNR, since due to other limiting factors the achievable rate almost saturates at this resolution. We also show that in the multi-user scenario digital beamforming is in any case more energy efficient than hybrid beamforming. In addition we show that if different ADC resolutions are used we can achieve any desired trade-offs between power consumption and rate close to those achieved with only one ADC resolution.
Optimisation of Intrinsic a-Si : H Passivation Layers in Crystalline-amorphous Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

Heterojunction silicon wafer solar cells using an intrinsic amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film passivation layer between the crystalline c-Si substrate and the thin-film emitter layer have proven to be a viable device structure for high efficiency. While microcrystalline μc-Si:H is a good candidate for the emitter layer due to its high doping efficiency, intrinsic a-Si:H with its low interfacial defect density, high optical bandgap and good passivation ability makes it the ideal buffer layer to passivate the crystalline silicon interface. In this study, we report the film properties of intrinsic a-Si:H passivation layers deposited using RF (13.56 MHz) PECVD, at different SiH4/H2 gas flow ratios, pressures and temperatures. Trends relating deposition conditions to relevant film characteristics, such as thickness, hydrogen bonding, optical bandgap, and effective carrier lifetime of the samples are discussed. Finally, symmetrical p/i/c-Si wafer/i/p heterojunction lifetime test structures, using 20 nm thick p-doped μc-Si:H emitter layers and 10 nm thick intrinsic a-Si:H layers, were made using the optimised parameters for intrinsic a-Si:H layers (discussed in this paper) and for p-doped μc-Si:H layers (discussed in a companion paper [1]). These yield an effective lifetime of 2.4 ms at an injection level of 10 cm, and an implied Voc of 730 mV. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) – National University of Singapore (NUS).
- 101 RC 1 Understanding the evidence : risk scores and risk prediction *

Virginia Apgar was an experienced anaesthesiologist and an astute clinician. Based on her careful observations of thousands of newborns, she proposed in 1953 a ‘New Method of Evaluation’ that became the Apgar Score (fi ve signs summing up to a score of 10) [1]. Infants had a mortality proportional to their Apgar Score 14% (Apgar Score 0 to 2), 1.1% (Apgar Score 3 to 7), and 0.1% (Apgar Score 8 to 10). Fifty years later the Apgar Score is just as relevant in predicting neonatal mortality 24% (Apgar Score 0 to 3), 0.9% (Apgar Score 4 to 6), and 0.02% (Apgar Score 7 to 10) [2]. Even earlier, in 1941, the American Society of Anesthesiologists promulgated a physical status score (the ASA score) of patients prior to anaesthesia and surgery [3]. While specifi cally not claiming to predict operative risk, the ASA score has in fact been demonstrated to be a risk score with a probabilistic interpretation for mortality and morbidity [4].