Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic axion insulating behavior in antiferromagnetic 
MnBi6Te10

A striking feature of time-reversal symmetry (TRS) protected topological insulators (TIs) is that they are characterized by a half integer quantum Hall effect on the boundary when the surface states are gapped by time-reversal breaking perturbations. While TRS-protected TIs have become increasingly under control, magnetic analogs are still a largely unexplored territory with novel rich structures. In particular, magnetic topological insulators can also host a quantized axion term in the presence of lattice symmetries. Since these symmetries are naturally broken on the boundary, the surface states can develop a gap without external manipulation. In this paper, we combine theoretical analysis, density-functional calculations and experimental evidence to reveal intrinsic axion insulating behavior in ${\mathrm{MnBi}}_{6}{\mathrm{Te}}_{10}$. The quantized axion term arises from the simplest possible mechanism in the antiferromagnetic regime where it is protected by inversion symmetry and the product of a fractional translation and TRS. The anticipated gapping of the Dirac surface state at the edge is subsequently experimentally established using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). As a result, this system provides the magnetic analog of the simplest TRS-protected TI with a single, gapped Dirac cone at the surface.
Bundling and Collusion in Communications Markets

This paper deals with competition in communications markets between an incumbent and an entrant. We analyze the effect of bundling strategy by a firm who enters an incumbent market. This market dimension has profound implications on the sustainability of collusion in an infinitely repeated game framework. We show that the bundling strategy of the entrant might hinder collusion. Futhermore, we consider a setting in which the entrant uses a one-way access that the incumbent possesses. In such situation, we show that when the entrant bundles its products, a low access charge for call termination on the incumbent network might increase the feasibility of collusion. This result has an important policy implication.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERVICE QUALITY AND BRAND LOYALTY IN RESTAURANTS: A CROSS CULTURAL STUDY

Customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction has become an important issue for marketing practitioners. There has been an increasing interest in customer service management with the objective of delivering the best possible services. It has resulted in implementing plethora of programs at the corporate and national levels to help industry prosper on a service-oriented philosophy. It is evident that better services capture more customers but whether it can enhance loyalty quotient is questionable. The premise ofquality of service' as the competitive edge in gaining market leadership has been well recognized both in academic research and by leading service organizations. This paper presents the changing focus of service quality at restaurants from a mere competing instrument to that of the basic core of the service concept in meeting and exceeding customer expectations. The research has been conducted with the help of a self-constructed questionnaire attempting to measure the variables like, food quality, hygiene, price etc. A sample of 100 respondents from India and United States has been chosen in order to derive a cross cultural perspective. The data has been analyzed with the help of spss and techniques of correlation, regression have been applied on the same. Some of the important findings of the research are positive correlation between service quality and brand loyalty (r=.527, p<.01), relationship between service quality and re use of restaurant services (r=.615, p<.01) and positive association between service quality and recommendation to friends and relatives(r=.762, p<.01).
EDAPHIC SPECIALIZATION IN TROPICAL TREES: PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES AND RESPONSES TO RECIPROCAL TRANSPLANTATION

Recent research has documented the importance of edaphic factors in de- termining the habitat associations of tree species in many tropical rain forests, but the underlying mechanisms for edaphic associations are unclear. At Sepilok Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, two main soil types derived from sandstone (ridges) and alluvium (valleys) differ in nutrient and water availability and are characterized by forests differing markedly in species composition, structure, and understory light availability. We use both survey and reciprocal transplants to examine physiological adaptations to differences in light, nutrient, and water availability between these soil types, and test for the importance of resource-use efficiency in determining edaphic specialization. Photosynthetic surveys for congeneric and confamilial pairs (one species per soil type) of edaphic specialists and for generalists common to both soil types show that species specializing on sandstone- derived soil had lower stomatal conductance at a given assimilation rate than those occurring on alluvial soil and also had greater instantaneous and integrated water-use efficiencies. Foliar dark respiration rates per unit photosynthesis were higher for sandstone ridge than alluvial lowland specialists. We suggest that these higher respiration rates are likely due to increases in photosynthetic enzyme concentrations to compensate for lower internal CO 2 concentrations resulting from increased stomatal closure. This is supported by lower pho- tosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiencies in the sandstone ridge specialists. Generalist species had lower water-use efficiencies than sandstone ridge specialists when growing on the drier, sandy ridgetops, but their nitrogen-use efficiencies did not differ from the species specialized to the more resource-rich alluvial valleys. We varied light environment and soil nutrient availability in a reciprocal transplant experiment involving two specialist species from each soil type. Edaphic specialist species, when grown on the soil type for which they were not specialized, were not capable of acclimatory shifts to achieve similar resource-use effi- ciencies as species specialized to that soil type. We conclude that divergent water-use strategies are an important mechanism underlying differences in edaphic associations and thus contributing to maintenance of high local tree species diversity in Bornean rain forests.
Measurement of 
J/ψ
 at forward and backward rapidity in 
p+p
, 
p+Al
, 
p+Au
, and 
He3+Au
 collisions at 
sNN=200
 GeV

Charmonium is a valuable probe in heavy-ion collisions to study the properties of the quark gluon plasma, and is also an interesting probe in small collision systems to study cold nuclear matter effects, which are also present in large collision systems. With the recent observations of collective behavior of produced particles in small system collisions, measurements of the modification of charmonium in small systems have become increasingly relevant. We present the results of $J/\psi$ measurements at forward and backward rapidity in various small collision systems, $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Al, $p$$+$Au and $^3$He$+$Au, at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$=200 GeV. The results are presented in the form of the observable $R_{AB}$, the nuclear modification factor, a measure of the ratio of the $J/\psi$ invariant yield compared to the scaled yield in $p$$+$$p$ collisions. We examine the rapidity, transverse momentum, and collision centrality dependence of nuclear effects on $J/\psi$ production with different projectile sizes $p$ and $^3$He, and different target sizes Al and Au. The modification is found to be strongly dependent on the target size, but to be very similar for $p$$+$Au and $^{3}$He$+$Au. However, for 0%--20% central collisions at backward rapidity, the modification for $^{3}$He$+$Au is found to be smaller than that for $p$$+$Au, with a mean fit to the ratio of $0.89\pm0.03$(stat)${\pm}0.08$(syst), possibly indicating final state effects due to the larger projectile size.
Population Structure, Long-Term Connectivity, and Effective Size of Mutton Snapper (Lutjanus Analis) In the Caribbean Sea and Florida Keys

Genetic structure and average long-term connectivity and effective size of mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis) sampled from offshore localities in the U.S. Caribbean and the Florida Keys were assessed by using nuclear-encoded microsatellites and a fragment of mitochondrial DNA. No significant differences in allele, genotype (microsatellites), or haplotype (mtDNA) distributions were detected; tests of selective neutrality (mtDNA) were nonsignificant after Bonferroni correction. Heuristic estimates of average long-term rate of migration (proportion of migrant individuals/generation) between geographically adjacent localities varied from 0.0033 to 0.0054, indicating that local subpopulations could respond independently of environmental perturbations. Estimates of average longterm effective population sizes varied from 341 to 1066 and differed significantly among several of the localities. These results indicate that over time larval drift and interregional adult movement may not be sufficient to maintain population sustainability across the region and that there may be different demographic stocks at some of the localities studied. The estimate of long-term effective population size at the locality offshore of St. Croix was below the minimum threshold size considered necessary to maintain the equilibrium between the loss of adaptive genetic variance from genetic drift and its replacement by mutation. Genetic variability in mutton snapper likely is maintained at the intraregional level by aggregate spawning and random mating of local populations. This feature is perhaps ironic in that aggregate spawning also renders mutton snapper especially vulnerable to overexploitation.
On A New Approximation Method With Four Times Continuously Differentiable Quintic Integro-Differential Spline

In this paper, we study a new method for approximating a function and its derivatives from the given integral values over the grid intervals and two given first order derivatives at boundary grid nodes by using four times continuously differentiable quintic integro-differential spline. The method mainly includes two steps: constructing three extra values and then solving a linear system. It is easy to implement. We analyze the approximation properties of the spline. We prove that the spline and its first four derivatives are able to approximate the original function and its first four derivatives respectively with high accuracy. To examine the theoretical results, we perform some numerical tests and also compare the method with some other methods. Numerical results show that the new method is very effective and practical.
Global vegetation variability and its response to elevated CO2, global warming, and climate variability – a study using the offline SSiB4/TRIFFID model and satellite data

Abstract. The climate regime shift during the 1980s had a substantial impact on the terrestrial ecosystems and vegetation at different scales. However, the mechanisms driving vegetation changes, before and after the shift, remain unclear. In this study, we used a biophysical dynamic vegetation model to estimate large-scale trends in terms of carbon fixation, vegetation growth, and expansion during the period 1958–2007, and to attribute these changes to environmental drivers including elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (hereafter eCO2), global warming, and climate variability (hereafter CV). Simulated leaf area index (LAI) and gross primary production (GPP) were evaluated against observation-based data. Significant spatial correlations are found (correlations > 0.87), along with regionally varying temporal correlations of 0.34–0.80 for LAI and 0.45–0.83 for GPP. More than 40 % of the global land area shows significant positive (increase) or negative (decrease) trends in LAI and GPP during 1958–2007. Regions over the globe show different characteristics in terms of ecosystem trends before and after the 1980s. While 11.7 % and 19.3 % of land have had consistently positive LAI and GPP trends, respectively, since 1958, 17.1 % and 20.1 % of land saw LAI and GPP trends, respectively, reverse during the 1980s. Vegetation fraction cover (FRAC) trends, representing vegetation expansion and/or shrinking, are found at the edges of semi-arid areas and polar areas. Environmental drivers affect the change in ecosystem trend over different regions. Overall, eCO2 consistently contributes to positive LAI and GPP trends in the tropics. Global warming mostly affects LAI, with positive effects in high latitudes and negative effects in subtropical semi-arid areas. CV is found to dominate the variability of FRAC, LAI, and GPP in the semi-humid and semi-arid areas. The eCO2 and global warming effects increased after the 1980s, while the CV effect reversed during the 1980s. In addition, plant competition is shown to have played an important role in determining which driver dominated the regional trends. This paper presents new insight into ecosystem variability and changes in the varying climate since the 1950s.
POLAR LIPIDS AND FATTY ACIDS OF PSEUDOMONAS CARYOPHYLLI, PSEUDOMONAS GLADIOLI AND PSEUDOMONAS PICKETTII

Summary: The polar lipids and their fatty acid components in Pseudomonas caryophylli, Pseudomonas gladioli and Pseudomonas pickettii have been identified. In addition to diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol (a trace only for P. pickettii), all three species contained two forms of phosphatidylethanolamine differing in the presence or absence of α-hydroxy fatty acids. This seems to be a distinctive feature of species in Pseudomonas RNA homology group II. Also, P. caryophylli and P. gladioli (but not P. pickettii) produced two forms of ornithine amide lipid, differing in the nature (hydroxy or non-hydroxy) of the ester-linked fatty acid. In all three species, the major non-hydroxy acids were hexadecanoic acid, a hexadecenoic acid, an octadecenoic acid, and cyclopropane derivatives of the monoenoic acids. The α-hydroxy acids were the derivatives of the same components, while the amide-linked acid of the ornithine amide lipids was mainly or entirely 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. The possible taxonomic implications of the data are discussed.
Association between Physical Activity and Obesity with Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with im paired pancreatic gland function that releases the hormone insulin. The pancreas plays a role in transporting su ar in the blood to the tissue muscles for energy supply. This study aims to determine the relationship between ph ysical activity and obesity with Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia. We use Indonesian Family Life Survey (IF LS)-5 data. Participants in this study were 5,260 p eople who had been examined HBA1C. The main risk factors in this study were physical activity and obesity by including age, sex, education, marital status, and history of TB as a potential confounding variable. The results of statistical tests on bivariate analysis showed t hat physical activity had a protective effect on di abetes mellitus with POR 0.614 (95% CI 0.49-0.77). Obese people hav e a higher risk of developing DM than those who wer e not obese with POR 1.63 (95% CI 1.29-2.05). Multiva riate analysis showed the highest risk for DM was i n people with insufficient physical activity and obes ity with POR 1,551 compared with those who had suff icient physical activity and obesity with POR 1,072. While th risk of DM in people with insufficient physica l activity but not obese provides a protective effect with POR 0.451. People with obesity and insufficient physic al activity were 1,551 times to develop DM or increase by 13.4% if obesity and insufficient physical activity appe ar
Dynamic Panel Modeling of Climate Change

We discuss some conceptual and practical issues that arise from the presence of global energy balance effects on station level adjustment mechanisms in dynamic panel regressions with climate data. The paper provides asymptotic analyses, observational data computations, and Monte Carlo simulations to assess the use of various estimation methodologies, including standard dynamic panel regression and cointegration techniques that have been used in earlier research. The findings reveal massive bias in system GMM estimation of the dynamic panel regression parameters, which arise from fixed effect heterogeneity across individual station level observations. Difference GMM and Within Group (WG) estimation have little bias and WG estimation is recommended for practical implementation of dynamic panel regression with highly disaggregated climate data. Intriguingly, from an econometric perspective and importantly for global policy analysis, it is shown that in this model despite the substantial differences between the estimates of the regression model parameters, estimates of global transient climate sensitivity (of temperature to a doubling of atmospheric CO2) are robust to the estimation method employed and to the specific nature of the trending mechanism in global temperature, radiation, and CO2.
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF IN-SERVICE BIOLOGY TEACHERS' PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (PCK) DURING A LONG-TERM PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

A case study of four in-service biology teachers revealed the possible relationship between pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and the professional development process during a long-term course. Here we suggest a potential assertion of PCK components which enabled us to characterize a significant one: teaching strategies. Teachers in this study paid major attention to their unique teaching strategies in both their practice and their initiative development. The teaching strategies conception was found to be consistent and resistant to change. The teachers expanded their conception of teaching strategies over the course of the professional development program and developed their initiatives accordingly. We recommend that professional development designers be aware of this PCK component and find means of expanding it for better performance.
Undergraduate Pre-service EFL Teachers’ Conceptions of Research: A Quantitative Analysis

This study explores, from a pragmatist perspective, the conceptions of research of undergraduate pre-service teachers from an English Language Major at a public Mexican university. A survey design was used. The informants were 108 pre-service EFL teachers from the second, sixth and tenth semesters. The conceptions of research showed similar percentages among the pre-service teachers from those semesters. Only a slight variation was found in the factor “misconceptions about research”. The factor “research about problem solution” was the only one that showed a significant but weak correlation with the semester in which undergraduate pre-service EFL teachers were. Slight differences were also found between age range and conceptions of research. The lack of differences among the research conceptions of these undergraduate pre-service EFL teachers is opposed to the findings of previous studies. This can be explained by the fact that those studies were done in varied contexts and with post graduate students from disciplines different from the foreign language teaching area. It is suggested to correct students’ misconceptions and promote research activities during the bachelor degree.
Strategic and tactical decision making in a dedicated transportation service in the chemical cluster of Rotterdam:a business model

Disclaimer This document contains a student thesis (bachelor's or master's), as authored by a student at Eindhoven University of Technology. Student theses are made available in the TU/e repository upon obtaining the required degree. The grade received is not published on the document as presented in the repository. The required complexity or quality of research of student theses may vary by program, and the required minimum study period may vary in duration.
Biological Management of Mango Malformation Using Antifungal Compound from

For the studies and preliminary screening, Streptomyces aureofaciens isolate was selected as antagonists against Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans, the causal agents of malformation disease of Mango. Exochitinase and β-1,3- glucanase appeared to be common metabolites produced by the tested S. aureofaciens. Purified chitinase of the strain exhibited a distinct protein band near 45 and 66 kDa by means of SDS-PAGE. Bioactive Metabolite of S. aureofaciens have an ability to produce antimicrobial and antifungal metabolites against pathogen. Bioactive Metabolite of S. aureofaciens inhibited fumonisin and moniliformin mycotoxins production by F. subglutinans. Under artificial condition, spraying mango seedlings with the Bioactive Metabolite of S. aureofaciens gave significant effect on reduced malformation and increased polyphenol oxidase activity and phenolic content in different five mango cultivars (Ewais, Seddekia, Taimour Zebda and Alphonso) at principle initiation. Negative correlation was found between both the enzyme activity, phenolic content at principle initiation and the incidence of oral malformation. Moniliformin were detected in malformed floral tissues of mango at four stages of development, viz., fully swollen buds, bud inception. Spraying with bioactive compound prior to flower bud differentiation significantly reduced the incidence of Moniliformin content. Whereas, mango trees grown in El Sharkia governorate sprayed with bioactive metabolite of S. aureofaciens showed the maximum reduction of mango malformation disease of five cultivars on two successive seasons and increased fruit yield as well as sugar content in compared with Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and fungicide. The results of the present studies will be helpful to minimize the losses inflicted by mango malformation disease globally.
An Initial Access Optimization Algorithm for millimeter Wave 5G NR Networks

The millimeter wave (mmWave) communication uses directional antennas. Hence, achieving fine alignment of transmit and receive beams at the initial access phase is quite challenging and time-consuming. In this paper, we provide a dynamic-weight based beam sweeping direction and synchronization signal block (SSB) allocation algorithm to optimize the cell search of the initial access in mmWave 5G NR networks. The number of SSBs transmitted in each beam sweeping direction depends on previously learned experience which is based on the number of detected UEs (user equipment) per SSB for each sweeping direction. Overall, numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm is shown to be capable of detecting more users with a lower misdetection probability. Furthermore, it is possible to achieve the same performance with a smaller number of dynamic resource (i.e., SSB) allocation, compared to constant resource allocation.
Shear Zone Control On The Emplacement Of Granitoid Magmas: An Example From The Japi Complex, Seridó Belt, Ne Brazil

The Japi Complex, in the eastern gneiss-migmatite domain of the Serido Belt (NE Brazil), is a composite, en comae-shaped intrusive body, comprising an older syntectonic alkalic granite and late, syn- to late-tectonic basic-to-intermediate shoshonitic plutons and granitoids of monzonitic and calc-alkalic affinities. A persistent control on the emplacement of the various suites by a nearby oblique, strike-slip + extensional is suggested by several features. Among them are: shapes of individual intrusions and their location in transtensional sites; metricto decimetric-thick sheets emplaced along shear bands, fold axial surfaces and semi-brittle to brittle pull-apart and transtensional jogs and transitions between viscous- to solid-state fabrics in the plutons, bearing the same orientation and kinematics as in their country rocks. This structure, the so-called Japi shear zone, is correlated to the main, high-temperature stage of the Brasiliano orogeny in this region.