Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPY: A Novel Resampling Method for Improving Classification Performance in Imbalanced Data

In recent years, imbalanced class datasets have caused many difficulties influencing on the analysis and understanding of raw data, which support decision-making process in many domains, especially in biomedical data classifications. Although there were a few approaches achieving promising results in applying class imbalance learning methods, this issue has still not solved completely and successfully yet by the existing methods. SMOTE is a famous and general over-sampling method addressing this problem, however, in some cases it cannot improve or sometimes reduces classification performance. Therefore, we developed a novel method named SPY. Experimental results on five imbalanced benchmark datasets from the UCI Machine Learning Repository showed that our method achieved better sensitivity and G-mean values than the control method (i.e., no over-sampling), SMOTE, and several successors of modified SMOTE including safe-level-SMOTE, safe-SMOTE, and borderline-SMOTE.
Perfusion scintigraphy in the evaluation for lung volume reduction surgery: correlation with clinical outcome.

PURPOSE To identify preoperative pulmonary perfusion scintigraphic findings that might be associated with clinical outcomes after lung volume reduction surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preoperative perfusion scintigrams in 103 patients (56 men, 47 women; age range, 41-76 years; mean age, 61 years +/- 9) were reviewed and graded for emphysematous heterogeneity (from isolated areas to diffuse distribution), extent of maximally perfused lung, and lobar predominance (upper-lobe vs lower-lobe asymmetry). These findings were correlated with clinical outcome on the basis of pulmonary function, arterial blood gas levels, and exercise test results before and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS Among the 96 patients who survived surgery, there was an average improvement of 47% in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), of 20% in arterial oxygen tension, and of 20% in the 6-minute walking distance. Scintigraphic markers correlated best with FEV1 improvement. The strongest scintigraphic predictor of increase in FEV1 was upper-lobe predominance (r = .38, P < .001), which was followed by heterogeneity (r = .31, P = .002). The seven patients who died had a significantly lower percentage of maximally perfused lung than the survivors (25% vs 34%, P = .004). CONCLUSION Perfusion scintigraphy can provide modest prognostic information in patients who undergo evaluation for lung volume reduction surgery.
The Asp727Glu polymorphism in the TSH receptor is associated with insulin resistance in healthy elderly men

Background Variations in thyroid function within the normal range are associated with differences in metabolism and body composition. For instance, TSH is positively associated with body mass index (BMI). This could be due to alterations in thyroid hormone activity, or to direct effects of TSH, as the TSH receptor (TSHR) is also expressed in adipose tissue. The TSHR‐Asp727Glu polymorphism is associated with lower serum TSH levels in vivo. In this study, we analysed whether serum thyroid parameters and the TSHR‐Asp727Glu polymorphism were associated with glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. In addition, we analysed the Thr92Ala polymorphism in the type 2 deiodinase (D2), which was recently associated with insulin resistance.
An Efficient Inline Data Deduplication with Data Relationship Manager for Cloud

In the current digital and cloud world, the data handling is a biggest challenge for all the service providers. One way or other way we need more storage backup system to handle the disaster recovery. For the high performance, the video and audio streaming application, database application, multimedia applications need more memory and high speed process. Using data deduplication concept in the storage system, we can reduce memory space requirement and can improve system performance. This paper is focusing on Metadata management and Replacement Algorithm to provide the high throughput and minimal resource utilization. By implementing LIRS replacement algorithm in the deduplication system for caching, it reduces the IO access compare to other replacement algorithm. Also this system improves the LIRS Meta data lookup speed using Data Relationship Manager. We have explained the complete Architecture, Write and Read process, Algorithm implementation and discussed the different experiment results. In our study the LIRS with Data Relationship Manager improves the time taken for the deduplication and reduces the IO access. We compared 4000 files with 5 different data pattern, the result shows the LIRS with Data Relationship Manager works well on the weak locality data pattern. The result clearly shows that without relationship manager, LIRS is taking much more time for the deduplication. The Time and Workload pattern comparison shows the result is improved and it reduces the memory access when we have Data relationship manager. LIRS with Data relationship manager improves the deduplication efficiency and throughput.
A new image interpolation method for increasing the frame rate in multimedia and virtual reality applications

Image generation algorithms for certain multimedia and virtual reality applications used today do not take into account, that successive images in a sequence are very similar. Thus, the computational load of the graphics hardware is proportional to the frame rate. In order to reduce this effect, a new nonlinear image interpolation method is presented which uses subband separation and median filtering.
Simulation of the binary hard-sphere crystal/melt interface.

We report results of molecular-dynamics simulations on a planar binary hard-sphere disordered facecentered-cubic @100# crystal/melt interface. From the analysis of the single-particle density and diffusion profiles for the separate components, several phenomena are observed. The density profile for the smaller particle has an envelope that is decidedly nonmonotonic, unlike the same quantity for single-component systems. Also, the coarse-scaled density profiles show that the mole fractions of the two coexisting phases change from crystal-like to meltlike values over a length scale that is much shorter than that of the overall density, which exhibits a pronounced deficit in the interfacial region, indicating inefficient wetting of the @100# crystal surface by the fluid. @S1063-651X~96! 50112-1#
Key-Lock Mechanisms for Object Protection in Single-Address-Space Systems

This paper focuses on memory addressing environments that support the notion of a single address space. We consider the problem of hampering access attempts to the private objects of a given thread, when these attempts are generated by unauthorized threads of different processes. We introduce two different forms of access privilege representation - handles and gates - which are designed to coexist within the boundaries of the same protection system. The handle concept is a generalization of the classical protected pointer concept. A handle associates several keys (passwords) with an object name. Each key grants a specific access right to the named object. A gate is a compact representation of access privileges, which uses a single bit to encode an access right. Handles are protected from forgery by key sparseness. They can be freely mixed in memory with ordinary data. On the other hand, gates are sensitive data that must be kept segregated in private memory regions of the protection system. The dualism of handles and gates makes it possible to take advantage of the simplicity of access right distribution and object sharing between threads, which is characteristic of key-based protection systems, and to avoid the negative impact on overall system performance, which results from the large key size and the high costs of lengthy processing that are connected with key validation.
Biofilms of Candida spp. from the ocular conjunctiva of horses with reduced azole susceptibility: a complicating factor for the treatment of keratomycosis?

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the biofilm-forming ability of Candida spp. from the ocular conjunctiva of horses and to investigate the antifungal susceptibility of these biofilms. PROCEDURES Initially, the biofilm-forming ability of 15 strains was assessed by crystal violet staining, which reveals the fungal biomass adhered to the polystyrene plates, and scanning electron microscopy. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and caspofungin were initially determined against strains in planktonic form. Afterward, antifungal susceptibility of mature biofilms was evaluated by exposing them to 10 × MIC and 50 × MIC of the tested drugs, followed by the assessment of their metabolic activity, using the oxidoreduction indicator XTT. Results were analyzed through ANOVA and Tukey's post-test, and P-values below 5% led to significant conclusions. RESULTS Eight strains produced biofilms and were classified as strong (1/15), moderate (3/15) and weak (4/15) producers, according to the amount of crystal violet retained by the adhered fungal biomass. Biofilm metabolic activity of one C. tropicalis did not decrease after exposure to the tested antifungals, while biofilm metabolic activity of five strains was reduced by amphotericin B, but not the other drugs. One C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and one C. glabrata showed significant reduction in biofilm metabolic activity after exposure to fluconazole, itraconazole, and caspofungin, but not amphotericin B. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that Candida from the ocular conjunctiva of horses can pose as a risk to animal health as they are capable of forming biofilms, which are commonly involved in fungal keratitis.
Progress in research of peritoneal dialysis complicated with peritonitis

In recent years, reports on the effects of nursing intervention on the incidence of peritoneal dialysis complicated with peritonitis have been increasing. With the advancement of medical technology and the development of medical materials, complications of peritoneal dialysis show a decreasing trend. Many experts and scholars have been continually exploring the causa morbid of peritoneal dialysis and excogitating measures that should be taken. In this paper a comprehensive review is done.
Biotemplated Synthesis of Perovskite Nanomaterials for Solar Energy Conversion

A synthetic method of using genetically engineered M13 virus to mineralize perovskite nanomaterials, particularly strontium titanate (STO) and bismuth ferrite (BFO), is presented. Genetically engineered viruses provide effective templates for perovskite nanomaterials. The virus-templated nanocrystals are small in size, highly crystalline, and show photocatalytic and photovoltaic properties.
Synthetic peptides non‐covalently bound to bacterial hsp 70 elicit peptide‐specific T‐cell responses in vivo

We have examined the immunogenicity of complexes formed by non‐covalent association of a synthetic peptide corresponding to influenza A virus nucleoprotein, residues 206–229 (pNP) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat‐shock protein 70 (hsp 70). One or two injections of these complexes given to BALB/c mice without any additional adjuvant, were capable of eliciting very strong peptide‐specific proliferative T‐cell responses in the spleen. These responses were dependent on the stability of the complex since immunogenicity was lost when dissociated with ATP prior to immunization. T‐cell responses to hsp 70 were easily generated by immunization with the purified chaperone alone, either after primary or secondary immunization. Injection of pNP–hsp 70 complexes, however, although generating good primary responses, resulted in very much decreased proliferative responses to the hsp 70.
Low-voltage superjunction technology

: The scalability of superjunction and superfield power MOSFET technologies to break-down voltage lower than 250 V is investigated. The influence of device geometry and process architecture on the switching figures-of-merit of these relatively new classes of power switches with a breakdown voltage rating of 80 V is presented. The current flow and field distributions inside these devices are described. Using Gauss's law, the field-induced compensation of the doping density in the drift region during the blocking state of both superjunction and superfield MOSFETs is calculated from the knowledge of the lateral field distributions. It is shown that the problem associated with imperfect charge compensation at the edge of the die for a superfield effect power MOSFET structure can be avoided by using an unconventional racetrack layout design.
Fluorender, an Interactive Tool for Confocal Microscopy Data Visualization and Analysis

Confocal microscopy has become a popular imaging technique in biology research in recent years. It is often used to study three-dimensional (3D) structures of biological samples. Confocal data are commonly multi-channel, with each channel resulting from a different fluorescent staining. This technique also results finely detailed structures in 3D, such as neuron fibers. Despite the plethora of volume rendering techniques that have been available for many years, there is a demand from biologists for a flexible tool that allows interactive visualization and analysis of multi-channel confocal data. Together with biologists, we have designed and developed FluoRender. It incorporates volume rendering techniques such as a two-dimensional (2D) transfer function and multi-channel intermixing. Rendering results can be enhanced through tone-mappings and overlays. To facilitate analyses of confocal data, FluoRender provides interactive operations for extracting complex structures. Furthermore, we developed the Synthetic Brainbow technique, which takes advantage of the asynchronous behavior in Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) framebuffer loops and generates random colorizations for different structures in single-channel confocal data. The results from our Synthetic Brainbows, when applied to a sequence of developing cells, can then be used for tracking the movements of these cells. Finally, we present an application of FluoRender in the workflow of constructing anatomical atlases.
Key parameters determining structure and properties of sulphide films formed on copper corroding in anoxic sulphide solutions

The corrosion behaviour of copper was studied in anoxic solutions containing different concentrations of sulphide (10−5–10−3 mol L−1) and chloride (0·1-5 mol L−1) under stagnant and controlled convective conditions. The main determinants of the structure and properties of the copper sulphide (Cu2S) films formed are the rate of sulphide transport to the surface relative to the rate of its interfacial reaction with copper, and competition between sulphide and chloride for surface adsorption sites. When sulphide diffusion is rate limiting, the sulphide film formed is porous and non-protective, whereas when film growth is not limited by mass transport of sulphide, the sulphide film is compact and protective. The results indicate that, under Swedish repository conditions, the film formed on copper will be porous and non-protective and its growth diffusion controlled.
Generating Broadcast Programs that Support Range Queries

To disseminate information via broadcasting, a data server must construct a broadcast "program" that meets the needs of the client population. Existing works on generating broadcast programs have shown the effectiveness of nonuniform broadcast programs in reducing the average access times of objects for nonuniform access patterns. However, these broadcast programs perform poorly for range queries. The article presents a novel algorithm to generate broadcast programs that facilitate range queries without sacrificing much on the performance of single object retrievals.
The anesthetic effects of etomidate: species-specific interaction with alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

BACKGROUND The IV anesthetic, etomidate, has structural and clinical similarities to specific alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists such as dexmedetomidine. We investigated whether the sedative effects of etomidate may be mediated by alpha2-adrenoceptors. METHODS The anesthetic potency of etomidate (1-20 microM) was determined in Xenopus laevis tadpoles in the absence and presence of the specific alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole (10 microM). Anesthesia was defined as loss of righting reflex. Nonlinear logistic regression curves were fitted to the data and half-maximal effective concentrations and the slopes of the curves were calculated. Additionally, sedative/ hypnotic effects of etomidate (8 mg/kg IP) were studied by rotarod test in wild-type (WT) mice and mice carrying targeted deletions of the alpha2A-adrenoceptor gene (alpha2A-KO). Data are presented as mean +/- sem. RESULTS The fraction of anesthetized tadpoles increased with increasing concentrations of etomidate. Atipamezole significantly increased the half-maximal effective concentration of etomidate (4.5 +/- 0.2 microM; slope: 2.6 +/- 0.3) to 8.4 +/- 0.4 microM (slope: 2.3 +/- 0.3). Etomidate resulted in time-dependent sedative effects in all mice, as assessed by rotarod performance. In WT mice, the sedative effects of etomidate were not decreased by atipamezole (2 mg/kg). Consistently, etomidate-induced sedation was not reduced in alpha2A-KO animals compared with WT mice. CONCLUSIONS The sedative effects of etomidate exhibit a species-specific interaction with alpha2-adrenoceptors. Although the decrease in potency of etomidate by atipamezole may be caused by an interaction with alpha2-adrenoceptors in X. laevis tadpoles, results in mice indicate that the hypnotic effect of etomidate does not require alpha2-adrenoceptors.
Barriers to implementation of stroke rehabilitation evidence: findings from a multi-site pilot project

Purpose: To describe the barriers to implementation of evidence-based recommendations (EBRs) for stroke rehabilitation experienced by nurses, occupational therapists, physical therapists, physicians and hospital managers. Methods: The Stroke Canada Optimization of Rehabilitation by Evidence project developed EBRs for arm and leg rehabilitation after stroke. Five Canadian stroke inpatient rehabilitation centers participated in a pilot implementation study. At each site, a clinician was identified as the “local facilitator” to promote the 6-month implementation. A research coordinator observed the process. Focus groups done at completion were analyzed thematically for barriers by two raters. Results: A total of 79 rehabilitation professionals (23 occupational therapists, 17 physical therapists, 23 nurses and 16 directors/managers) participated in 21 focus groups of three to six participants each. The most commonly noted barrier to implementation was lack of time followed by staffing issues, training/education, therapy selection and prioritization, equipment availability and team functioning/communication. There was variation in perceptions of barriers across stakeholders. Nurses noted more training and staffing issues and managers perceived fewer barriers than frontline clinicians. Conclusions: Rehabilitation guideline developers should prioritize evidence for implementation and employ user-friendly language. Guideline implementation strategies must be extremely time efficient. Organizational approaches may be required to overcome the barriers. Implications for Rehabiliation Despite increasingly strong evidence for stroke rehabilitation, there are delays in implementation into clinical practice. This study showed that lack of time, staffing issues, staff education, therapy selection or prioritization, lack of equipment and team functioning were the main barriers to implementation. Managers and stakeholders should consider these barriers and prioritize evidence when implementing.
Heterogeneity of CD80 gene transcription by human keratinocytes to allergens and irritants: relevance to allergic contact dermatitis in vivo

Using an in vitro assay for CD80 promoter activity, the transcriptional response of primary cultured human keratinocytes from different donors in response to allergens and irritants was studied. The CD80 promoter activity was increased reproducibly after exposure to certain chemicals. The epithelial cell lines HeLa and HaCaT also increased CD80 transcriptional activity in response to exposure to a panel of different allergens and irritants. Normal or immortalized keratinocytes responded reproducibly with a unique pattern to a panel of chemicals in which the culture increases CD80 transcription after exposure to certain chemicals and has no increase in CD80 transcription after exposure to other chemicals. Some keratinocyte cultures responded positively to certain chemicals whereas others did not respond to the same chemicals. Cultured keratinocytes from 16 of 20 adult donors (80%) responded to nitrochlorobenzene in vitro by increasing CD80 transcriptional activity, thus predicting subsequent sensitization to this same hapten (χ2 = 7.2, P < 0.0073). Thus, a keratinocyte CD80 gene expression assay exhibits good sensitivity in predicting allergic contact dermatitis for sensitizers such as dinitrochlorobenzene. These data suggest that there is a rationale for developing the use of gene‐transcription‐based predictive assays to identify individual susceptibility to cutaneous reactivity after exposure to allergens and irritants. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Restoration of medical ultrasound images using two-dimensional homomorphic deconvolution

Describes how two-dimensional (2D) homomorphic deconvolution can be used to improve the lateral and radial resolution of medical ultrasound images recorded by a sector scanner. The recorded radio frequency ultrasound image in polar coordinates is considered as a 2D sequence of angle and depth convolved with a 2D space invariant point-spread function (PSF). Each polar coordinate sequence is transformed into the 2D complex cepstrum domain using the fast Fourier transform for Cartesian coordinates. The low-angle and low-depth portion of this sequence is taken as an estimate of the complex cepstrum representation of the PSF. It is transformed back to the Fourier frequency domain and is used to compute the deconvolved angle and depth sequence by 2D Wiener filtering. Two-dimensional homomorphic deconvolution produced substantial improvement in the resolution of B-mode images of a tissue-mimicking phantom in vitro and of several human tissues in vivo. It was better than lateral or radial homomorphic deconvolution alone, and better than 2D Wiener filtering with a PSF recorded in vitro. <<ETX>>
The application of the generalized conjugate residual algorithm to accelerate the fast multipole method

Scattering by an arbitrarily shaped conductor can be obtained by finding the solution of an integral equation where the unknown function is the induced current distribution. The integral equation is usually discretized into a matrix equation by the method of moments (MoM) and solved by iterative techniques, for example, the conjugate gradient method (CG). In this paper, the generalized conjugate residual algorithm is employed to replace the conjugate gradient method as the iterative method and the fast multipole method (FMM) is used to expedite the matrix-vector products. Because the generalized conjugate residual method makes the search direction vectors of each iteration Z-orthogonal with respect to those obtained from earlier iterations, it converges much faster than the conjugate gradient method. Numerical examples demonstrate this advantage.