Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical and experimental Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Contour Corrugated Channel Using nanofluid and Engine Oil

Research on improving heat transfer methods in heat exchangers has received wide attention in response to the increasing demand for high-efficiency devices in this field. Wherefore, the corrugated wall is one of the many suitable techniques used to enhance the heat transfer in heat exchangers. In the present investigation, laminar flow thermal and hydraulic efficiency of the trapezoidal, and straight counter heat exchanger with SiO2/water nanofluid and engine oil was carried out numerically and experimentally over Reynolds number ranges of 1100-2300 for nanofluid and 0.250 for engine oil. The results indicate that the numerical simulation of the laminar flow of nanofluids was performed with fractions of 0-4% volume. It should be noted that SiO2/water nanofluid has resulted in a significant improvement in heat transfer for all Reynolds numbers. Moreover, The error deviation of the Nusselt number is 0.0102% and 0.0208% between numerical and experimental work and the error deviation of the pressure drop is 0.0512% and 0.0325% between numerical and experimental work over the Reynolds number of 2300. The use of corrugated surfaces in reverse heat exchangers with nanofluid can improve heat transfer in many engineering applications, therefor the improving of the design and engineering parameters of a heat exchanger increases the heat transfer and makes it more compact, which in turn increases the efficiency of the thermal process, which leads to saving operating costs.
Insight into photon conversion of Nd3+ doped low temperature grown p and n type tin oxide thin films

The synthesis of multifunctional high-quality oxide thin films is a major current research challenge given their potential applications. Herein, we report on p and n type tin oxides thin films as functional TCOs with photon management properties through doping with Nd3+ rare earth ions. We show that the structure, composition, carrier transport and optical properties of the sputtered Nd:SnOx films can be easily tuned by simply varying the Ar/O2 gas flow ratio (R) during the deposition step. The increase of the oxygen content leads to drastic changes of the material properties from p-type SnO to n-type SnO2. Furthermore, all Nd:SnOx films are found to be highly conductive with resistivities as low as 1 × 10−3 Ω cm−1 and carrier mobilities up to 129 cm2 V−1 s−1. Thanks to deep XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopies, we gained insight into the coordination and oxidation degrees of the elements within the matrices. The insertion and optical activation of the incorporated Nd3+ ions have been successfully achieved in both matrices. As a consequence, strong NIR luminescence lines, typical of Nd3+ ions, were recorded under UV laser excitation. We experimentally show that the efficient Nd3+ photoluminescence in the near infrared region originates from efficient sensitization from the host matrix, through energy transfer. We found that the SnO2 host matrix provides more efficient sensitization of Nd3+ as compared to the SnO matrix. An energy transfer mechanism is proposed to explain the observed behaviour.
Grafting of chitosan Schiff base on graphene oxide and its characterization

ABSTRACT In order to enhance the modification effect, and graphene oxide was also reported could be efficiently modified via covalent attachment. Herein, chitosan Schiff base was chosen to grafting on the surface of graphene oxide. Firstly, chitosan and parahydroxybenzaldehyde were used as raw materials to synthesizing chitosan Schiff base, which was abbreviated as CSb. Secondly, modified graphene oxide with CSb, and chitosan Schiff base moieties were grafted on the surface of graphene oxide, we called it SGO at here. The chemical structure of CSb and SGO were characterized by FT-IR, respectively. The XPS results confirmed that there was 2% nitrogen, 24% oxygen, and 74% carbon existed on the surface of SGO. The curing behavior of GO was characterized by DSC, there was only one exothermic peak during cure and its temperature was 172°C. After grafted with biological groups, appeared one endothermic peak around 76°C, one exothermic peak at 212°C during the cure of SGO. The thermal stability was studied by TGA. The results demonstrated that the thermal stability of SGO improved after modification and obtained 36.4% char yield at 800°C. The fractures properties of SGO were also characterized by FESEM in this paper.
Intellectual capital as a predictor of cooperative prominence through human capital in the Spanish agrifood industry

PurposeIntellectual capital (IC) has been shown to play a crucial role in promoting competitive success among cooperatives as well as in other types of organizations. However, cooperatives are rarely included in this line of research. This paper aims to analyze how IC in agrifood cooperatives influences their prominence by fostering responsible research and innovation (RRI), reputation and performance.Design/methodology/approachA theoretical model was developed based on a literature review, and a quantitative study was conducted, including a representative sample of the current most prominent Spanish agrifood cooperatives. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the validity of constructs, path relationships and recent advances in the predictive model assessment.FindingsThis study’s findings show the specific role of human capital (HC) for enhancing social and structural capital in cooperatives. It was concluded that there is a need to revise and reconsider the role-played by IC in the cooperative movement.Research limitations/implicationsThe main practical contribution is to offer a specific vision of IC for agrifood cooperatives in order to maximize their market prominence. Since the study was conducted in Spain and based on a cross-sectional research approach, even though the new methodological tool partial least squares (PLS) predict was used, the authors cannot affirm whether IC will have the long-term expected effects as assumed in this research and in all contexts of the agrifood industry.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical study that has examined IC in agrifood cooperatives in Spain, with attention focused on the role of HC as a predictor of market success.
Early Childhood Health-Protective Behavior Against Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Households

Children who live in agricultural, coastal, and industrial areas are at risk of experiencing diseases due to their exposure to environmental tobacco smoke because a lot of smokers live in these areas. The objective of this study is to determine the differences in healthprotective behavior of parents who have children in the geographical residence. The study used a quantitative approach, cross-sectional design, and purposive sampling. There are 175 parents with children under five years who live in coastal, agricultural, and industrial areas in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire. The dependent variable was the health-protective behavior of parents with children against exposure to cigarette smoke, while the independent variable was the geographical residence. The one-way ANOVA test was used to measure differences in the health-protective behavior of parents living in these areas. The results showed that there was no difference in the parental health-protective behavior in an agricultural, coastal, and industrial region (p=0.091, p>0.05). In conclusion, the respondents exhibit healthprotective behavior that dies not fully control exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. pISSN 2252-6781 eISSN 2548-7604 Article Info Article History: Submitted April 2020 Accepted December 2020 Published January 2021
Preparation and characterization of poly(AA-co-Fe(phen)3) self-oscillating gel

ABSTRACT A novel gel which undergoes an autonomic and periodical swelling–deswelling oscillation without any on–off switching of external stimuli was prepared by copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) with iron (5-(acrylamide-N-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline) bis(1,10-phenanthroline) (Fe(phen)3) as the catalyst for the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. The swelling–shrinking and redox potential self-oscillating behaviors of the gels in an aqueous solution containing BZ substrates (except for the metal catalyst) were investigated. It was found that the swelling–shrinking amplitude of the gel was closely related to the content of the immobilized Fe(phen)3 catalyst. Moreover, the Turing patterns were observed first in the process of the volume self-oscillating.
A Mini Review on Energy System Modelling for Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Malaysia

Energy efficiency is an important energy consumption parameter to indicate the efficient use of energy. Through enhancing energy efficiency, the harvested energy (fossil or non-fossil) could be used in the most impactful manner, which reduces the energy wastage and carbon emission. This study performs a critical review of energy system modelling, which involves the modelling studies of renewable energy and energy efficiency measures for the national energy sector. The energy value chain is typically related to the national energy policies. Thus, this study continues with a review of the national energy policies from several countries. This study concludes with comprehensive comments and analysis on the feasibility of the national energy system modelling perspective for Malaysia to achieve the 8% of energy efficiency savings by 2025 for sustainable energy development.
Optimization of fused deposition modeling parameters for hips flexural strength with Taguchi method

HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene) is one of the materials used in 3D printing. Research and application of the use of this material have not been done much, especially in the applications that require flexural strength. This study aims to find a combination of FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) process parameter settings, that produce experiments with the highest flexural strength, with the optimization process using the experimental design of the Taguchi method with FDM parameters namely the orientation position of the specimen, fill pattern, fill density, and layer. The results showed the confirmation experiment produced the highest flexural strength (32.6753 MPa). In the experiment before confirmation, the highest flexural strength (31,3768 MPa) was shown in experiment number 5 (3rd orientation position, fill pattern lattice, 75% fill density, and 0.125 mm layer thickness).
Reconsideration of the phytoplankton seasonality in the open Black Sea

Chlorophyll a (Chl a) observations from satellites exhibit a unimodal seasonal variation in the open Black Sea that peaks during winter, which has led to the hypothesis that phytoplankton production is sustained by convective mixing of nitrate from deeper layers. We compiled in situ carbon‐to‐Chl a ratios for the entire year, displaying an expected seasonal pattern ranging from 46 in February to 195 mg C mg Chl−1 in September. We combined monthly ratios with satellite Chl a to obtain a comprehensive proxy data set for phytoplankton carbon biomass, and used this to examine the seasonal variation in phytoplankton biomass and bloom occurrences. Contrary to current understanding, our results showed that phytoplankton accumulation is predominantly taking place from July to September, when biomass increased threefold despite nitrate transport from below being negligible. We hypothesize that nitrate harvesting at depths and endosymbiont nitrogen fixation by large diatoms could be important, albeit unexplored mechanisms.
Mobile Application User Experience Checklist: A Tool to Assess Attention to Core UX Principles

ABSTRACT A user experience checklist is not a substitute for an informed expert assessment or for user studies. But what does one do when there are too many apps and not enough experts? A guideline for novice assessors can aid in assessing large numbers of apps quickly, but there are few tools assessing the quality of user experience in information-presenting mobile applications (apps). The Mobile Application User Experience Checklist (MAUX-C) is an evidence-informed, user-friendly tool that measures the overall UX quality of apps. This paper describes the development and series of preliminary validation of MAUX-C. While first developed to be used as a standardized evaluation measure when conducting systematic reviews of information-presenting mobile apps, it could also be used as a reference during app development. This paper emphasizes that in addition to high-quality information, information-presenting apps need to provide a high-quality user experience to be taken seriously in the post-truth era.
Metapopulation of Ellobium Chinense Through The Late-Middle and Late Pleistocene Expansions: Four Covariate COI Hotspots Linked to G-Quadruplex Conformation

The land snail Ellobium chinense (Pulmonata, Ellobiida, Ellobiidae), which inhabits the salt marshes along the coastal areas of northwestern Pacific, is an endangered species on the IUCN Red List. Over recent decades, the population size of E. chinense has consistently decreased due to environmental interference caused by natural disasters and human activities. Here, we provide the first assessment of the genetic diversity and population genetic structures of northwestern Pacific E. chinense. The results analyzed with COI and microsatellites revealed that E. chinense population exhibit metapopulation characteristics, retaining under the influence of the Kuroshio warm currents through expansion of the Late-Middle and Late Pleistocene. We also found four phylogenetic groups, regardless of geographical distributions, which were easily distinguishable by four unidirectional and stepwise adenine-to-guanine transitions in COI (sites 207-282-354-420: A-A-A-A, A-A-G-A, G-A-G-A, and G-G-G-G). Additionally, the four COI hotspots were robustly connected with a high degree of covariance between them. We discuss the role of these covariate guanines which link to form four consecutive G-quadruplexes, and their possible beneficial effects under positive selection pressure.
Design and characterization of novel fabric-based multi-resonators for wearable chipless RFID applications

Nowadays, the chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is attracting significant attention owing to its immense potential in tracking. However, most of the chipless tags are fabricated on hard printed circuit boards, and the wearable fabric-based chipless tag is still in the research stage. In this paper, a symmetrical 3rd L-shaped multi-resonator wearable chipless RFID tag is designed and screen-printed onto fabric. In order to investigate the influence of the non-uniform conductive layer on the signal transmission at high frequency, the surface and cross-sectional topographies of the printed conductive film are analyzed and the frequency response characteristics are simulated and measured. The obtained results show that the common fabric can be used as the substrate to screen print the L-shaped multi-resonators of the chipless RFID tag, and the quality of the screen printed line, especially a narrow line, significantly affects the radio frequency performance. For the screen-printed 3rd L-shaped stub resonators, the relative frequency shift compared with the simulation results are 0.99%, 0.88% and 2.26%, respectively. Generally, the surface morphology of fabric and screen-printed precision are critical in improving the performance of L-shaped multi-resonators.
Accurate spectral algorithm for two‐dimensional variable‐order fractional percolation equations

A highly accurate spectral algorithm for (2 + 1) fractional percolation equations with variable order (VO‐FPEs) is considered. We propose a shifted Legendre–Gauss–Lobatto collocation (SL‐GL‐C) method in conjunction with shifted Chebyshev–Gauss–Radau collocation (SC‐GR‐C) method to solve the two‐dimensional VO‐FPEs. A complete theoretical formulation is presented, and numerical results are given to illustrate the performance and efficiency of the algorithm. The superiority of the scheme to tackle VO‐FPEs is revealed, even when dealing with non‐smooth time solutions.
What Food will We be Eating in Space in the Future?

The aim of this article is to show the potential of space flight and related research. The authors analyze the conditions of space flight and the associated possible threats that may occur. It is assumed that the basic problem is cosmic radiation, which not only can significantly affect the health of astronauts, but also prevent potential cultivation of plants or animal breeding on board a spacecraft. The solution to this problem proposed in the article is a shield which provides re-sistance to collisions with high kinetic energy particles, while reducing the speed of corpuscular radiation. An important part of the article is a detailed analysis of various biotechnological and bioengineering methods that could be used for food production on board a spacecraft. The au-thors indicate that technological development in the field of bioprinting or genetic modification of organisms may play a key role in the success of long-distance technological missions. Moreover, the organisms mentioned in the work, such as algae, fungi and insects, are indicated as a potential source of energy for future colonizers. In sum, the research covers both the field of engineering and biotechnology, as well as the possibility of checking these technological methods in the test flights.
Changes in Muscle Activity Imbalance of the Lower Limbs Following 3 Weeks of Supplementary Body-Weight Unilateral Training

This study examined the effects of a short-term supplementary body-weight training program on changes in the muscle activity imbalance of the lower limbs during high-speed running in soccer players. Fifteen professional male soccer players took part in the study (age: 25 ± 5 years, body mass: 79.2 ± 10.8 kg, stature: 177 ± 10 cm, training experience: 12 ± 5 years). The evaluations of lower limb muscle activity imbalance via surface electromyography (sEMG) were performed twice (pre- and post-intervention), at a three-week interval. The sEMG was measured bilaterally from the area of quadriceps (Q), hamstrings (H), and gluteal muscles (G) during high-speed running at 18 km/h using sEMG shorts. Between measurements, the athletes performed the supplementary body-weight program of the lower limbs 4 times a week for 3 weeks. The training included six body-weight exercises performed unilaterally. The load progression included an additional set of each exercise in successive weeks of the experiment. The two-way repeated-measures ANOVA indicated a statistically significant main interaction for time × muscle (p = 0.006; F = 6.948; η2 = 0.332). The post-hoc analysis for the interaction effect of time × muscle showed a statistically significant decrease in muscle imbalance for the post-intervention compared to the pre-intervention for the H (p < 0.001; ES = 1.32), G (p = 0.002; ES = 0.92), and T (p < 0.001; ES = 1.54), but not for Q (p = 0.56; ES = 0.14). Moreover, there was a statistically significant greater imbalance between the H, G, and T muscles versus Q (p = 0.043, ES = 1.15; p = 0.006, ES = 1.57; p = 0.001, ES = 1.69, respectively) for the values recorded pre-intervention. Changes in muscle activity after 3 weeks of sports-specific movement patterns were statistically significant. For the gluteal (G) and hamstring (H), the imbalance between the limbs decreased significantly (p = 0.01). The imbalance in the quadriceps muscles (Q), with respect to each limb, did not decrease significantly (p = 0.82) following the training intervention. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that in-season soccer training supplemented with a body-weight training program successfully decreases gluteal and hamstring imbalance between limbs after 3 weeks of training.
Single Mothers by Choice: True Choice or Realistic Compromise?

This qualitative phenomenological study focuses on the process undergone by never-married Single Mothers by Choice (SMC) in their decision to raise a child on their own. The issue examined is whether the choice of this family structure reflects a social change or a personal compromise, a decision not to wait for a marriage partner. Semi-structured, in-depth, non-directive interviews were conducted. The findings reveal that SMC took the step as a compromise, having preferred to marry. While they are willing to compromise on family structure, SMC are not willing to compromise on a partner, nor are they willing to forego their intention to become mothers. Thus, marriage is still the most desired family structure for having children, but social change is manifested in the choice that women make to choose motherhood without a partner.
Mean residence time of lagoons in shallow vegetated floodplains

Lagoons interspersed within wetlands are expected to increase the residence time of the flow in the system which, in turn, will lead to enhanced pollutant removal thus ensuring a good ecological status of the ecosystem. In this study, lagoons interspersed in vegetated wetlands have been mimicked in the laboratory to develop a theoretical model to establish the impact three major driving parameters (the vegetation density surrounding a lagoon, the depth aspect ratio [length vs. depth] of the lagoon and the circulating flow – through the Reynolds number) have on determining the residence time of the flow in the lagoon. The results indicate that, according to the maximum free available area of the flow, the presence of vegetation (Juncus maritimus) decreases the residence time. In addition, an increase in the Reynolds number of the circulating flow in the wetlands also resulted in a decrease in the lagoon residence time. Nevertheless, lagoon residence times were found to depend on the depth of the lagoon, with deeper lagoons having higher residence times. The length of the lagoon, however, was found not to affect the residence time. High lagoon residence times in either natural or constructed wetlands are desirable because they enhance pollutant removal from the water. Although, if the residence times are too long, this may lead to anoxic water conditions that could in fact threaten the wetland's ecosystem.
Comparative QTL analysis and candidate genes identification of seed size, shape and weight in soybean (Glycine max L.)

Dissecting the genetic mechanism underlying seed size, shape and weight is essential to these traits for enhancing soybean cultivars. High-density genetic maps of two recombinant inbred line populations, LM6 and ZM6, evaluated in multiple environments to identify candidate genes behind seed-related traits major and stable QTLs. A total of 239 and 43 M-QTL were mapped by composite interval mapping and mixed-model based composite interval mapping approaches, respectively, from which 22 common QTLs including four major and novel QTLs. CIM and MCIM approaches identified 180 and 18 novel M-QTLs, respectively. Moreover, 18 QTLs showed significant AE effects, and 40 pairwise of the identified QTLs exhibited digenic epistatic effects. Seed flatness index QTLs (34 QTLs) were identified and reported for the first time. Seven QTL clusters underlying the inheritance of seed size, shape and weight on genomic regions of chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 17 and 19 were identified. Gene annotations, gene ontology (GO) enrichment and RNA-seq analyses identified 47 candidate genes for seed-related traits within the genomic regions of those 7 QTL clusters. These genes are highly expressed in seed-related tissues and nodules, that might be deemed as potential candidate genes regulating the above traits in soybean. This study provides detailed information for the genetic bases of the studied traits and candidate genes that could be efficiently implemented by soybean breeders for fine mapping and gene cloning as well as for MAS targeted at improving these traits individually or concurrently.