Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
0 Spontaneous Supersymmetry Breaking , Localization and Nicolai Mapping in Matrix Models Fumihiko Sugino

Supersymmetry (SUSY) is a symmetry between bosons and fermions. It leads to degeneracies of mass spectra between bosons and fermions. Although such degeneracies have not been observed yet, there is a possibility for SUSY being realized in nature as a spontaneously broken symmetry. From a theoretical viewpoint, SUSY provides a unified framework describing physics in high energy regime beyond the standard model (Sohnius, 1985). Spontaneous breaking of SUSY is one of the most interesting phenomena in quantum field theory. Since in general SUSY cannot be broken by radiative corrections at the perturbative level, its spontaneous breaking requires understanding of nonperturbative aspects of quantum field theory (Witten, 1981). In particular, recent developments in nonperturbative aspects of string theory heavily rely on the presence of SUSY. Thus, in order to deduce predictions to the real world from string theory, it is indispensable and definitely important to investigate a mechanism of spontaneous SUSY breaking in a nonperturbative framework of strings. Since one of the most promising approaches of nonperturbative formulations of string theory is provided by large-N matrix models (Banks et al., 1997; Dijkgraaf et al., 1997; Ishibashi et al., 1997), it will be desirable to understand how SUSY can be spontaneously broken in the large-N limit of simple matrix models as a first step. Analysis of SUSY breaking in simple matrix models would help us find a mechanism which is responsible for possible spontaneous SUSY breaking in nonperturbative string theory. For this purpose, it is desirable to treat systems in which spontaneous SUSY breaking takes place in the path-integral formalism, because matrix models are usually defined by the path integrals, namely integrals over matrix variables. In particular, IIB matrix model defined in zero dimension can be formulated only by the path-integral formalism (Ishibashi et al., 1997). Motivated by this, we discuss in the next section the path-integral formalism for (discretized) SUSY quantum mechanics, which includes cases that SUSY is spontaneously broken. Analogously to the situation of ordinary spontaneous symmetry breaking, we introduce an external field to choose one of degenerate broken vacua to detect spontaneous SUSY breaking. The external field plays the same role as a magnetic field in the Ising model introduced to detect the spontaneous magnetization. For the supersymmetric system, we deform the boundary condition for fermions from the periodic boundary condition (PBC) to a twisted boundary condition (TBC) with twist α, which can be regarded as such an external 17
Modulation by progestogens of the effects of oestrogen on hepatic endocrine function in postmenopausal women

objective Oral but not transdermal oestrogen administration reduces IGF‐I, and increases GH binding protein (GHBP) reflecting effects on hepatic endocrine function in postmenopausal women. As progestogens attenuate the effects of oestrogen on circulating lipid levels according to their androgenic properties, we have investigated the impact of progestogen types on the hepatic endocrine effects of oestrogen.
A double-stranded RNA-inducible fish gene homologous to the murine influenza virus resistance gene Mx

We cloned and sequenced a 2.35-kilobase EcoRI fragment of genomic DNA from a local freshwater fish (Perca fluviatilis) that strongly hybridized to probes derived from the murine influenza virus resistance gene Mx. The cloned fish DNA contained blocks of sequences related to Mx gene exons 3 to 8, which appeared to represent exons of a bona fide fish gene because they were separated by intron sequences flanked by consensus splice acceptor and donor sites. Injection of double-stranded RNA into the peritoneal cavity of trouts resulted in 5- to 10-fold elevated levels of two liver mRNAs of about 2.0 to 2.5 kilobases in length that hybridized to the cloned genomic DNA. High sequence similarity between this fish gene and the murine Mx gene, identical exon lengths, and similar inducibilities in vivo by double-stranded RNA indicate that we isolated a fragment of a fish Mx gene.
IL‐18, but not IL‐12, is required for optimal cytokine production by influenza virus‐specific CD8+ T cells

The potent innate cytokines IL‐12 and IL‐18 are considered to be important antigen‐independent mediators of IFN‐γ production by NK cells and T lymphocytes. The present analysis addresses the physiological role of IL‐12 and IL‐18 in the generation of virus‐specific CD8+ T cells. Both wt C57BL/6J (B6) mice and mice with disrupted IL‐12p40 (IL‐12p40–/–) or IL‐18 (IL‐18–/–) genes were infected with an influenza A virus and the characteristics of the resultant epitope‐specific CD8+ T cell responses were compared. While IL‐12 appeared to have no notable effect on either virus growth or on CD8+ T cell response profiles, the absence of IL‐18 was associated with delayed virus clearance from the lung and, despite normal numbers, a significantly reduced production of IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐2 by epitope‐specific CD8+ T cells. While this cytokine phenotype was broadly maintained in IL‐12p40/IL‐18 double‐knockout mice, no evidence was seen for any additive effect. Together, our results suggest that IL‐18, but not IL‐12, induces optimal, antigen‐specific production of key cytokines by CD8+ T cells for the efficient clearance of influenza virus from the lungs of infected mice.
An Empirical Study of M-Commerce Adoption from Usability Perspective

This paper tries to explore the adoption of m-commerce from the perspective of system usability. The definition and measurement of m-commerce system usability are discussed. Three categories of factors that will affect m-commerce system usability are clarified and analyzed, namely mobile devices, WAP web and mobile communication networks. This study presents an empirical study of the factors influencing users to adopt m-commerce. A total of 837 valid questionnaires were returned. A structural equation model (SEM) was applied to test the research hypothesis. From the results we find that all of our hypotheses are supported. That’s to say mobile devices, WAP web and wireless communication networks all have direct influence on mobile commerce usability. Additionally, usability of mobile commerce also has a positive influence on the consumers’ adoption.
Analytical Performance of a Direct Assay for LDL-Cholesterol

Abstract We evaluated a direct assay for the determination of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) L-Type assay, Wako Pure Chemicals in two laboratories. This assay is applicable to most random access clinical chemistry analyzers, allowing full automation. Between-run coefficient of variation (NCCLS EP5) varied between 1.29 ％ and 3.13 ％ and thus met the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) goal. The assay was considered linear over a physiologically relevant range of LDL-C, 2.22 to 7.04 mmol/l (NCCLS EP6). Method comparison yielded identical results at both evaluation sites for LDL-C when assayed with the direct method. LDL-C results obtained with the homogeneous method under investigation (y) differed significantly from values from density-gradient ultracentrifugation (x) according to Chung (y = 0.87x + 0.43 mmol/l, syx = 0.38 mmol/l, r = 0.91). With the latter method as a reference method, mean bias was 3.16 ％ meeting the NCEP criteria. Diagnostic performance was excellent at a clinically relevant cut-off level of 3.37 mmol/l. Results of the direct method (y) and the commonly used Friedewald formula (x) were highly correlated (syx = 0.22 mmol/l, r = 0.97), but both slope and intercept differed significantly from one and zero respectively (y = 0.90x + 0.37 mmol/l). Bilirubin, hemolysis and ascorbate did not interfere; triglycerides did not cause clinically relevant interference below 11.3 mmol/l. The direct method we investigated is user-friendly and provides an improvement in the determination of LDL-C in routine laboratories.
Boundary value methods with the Crank–Nicolson preconditioner for pricing options in the jump-diffusion model

Under a jump-diffusion process, the option pricing function satisfies a partial integro-differential equation. A fourth-order compact scheme is used to discretize the spatial variable of this equation. The boundary value method is then utilized for temporal integration because of its unconditional stability and high-order accuracy. Two approaches, the local mesh refinement and the start-up procedure with refined step size, are raised to avoid the numerical malfunction brought by the nonsmooth payoff function. The GMRES method with a preconditioner which comes from the Crank–Nicolson formula is employed to solve the resulting large-scale linear system. Numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method when pricing European and double barrier call options in the jump-diffusion model.
High power low-loss resonant-type multi-level inverter

Recently, introduction of renewable energy such as photovoltaics and wind energy has gained precedence for greenhouse gas reduction and oil substitution. However, due to the power fluctuation of renewable energy sources, voltage and frequency deviation are problematic in power systems. At present, a transformerless battery energy storage system based on a cascaded multilevel converter has been proposed. The system can be reduced the size, the weight, and the cost of energy storage system for transformerless. However, the cascaded multi-level inverter requires a number of switching devices, and the switching loss and electromagnetic interference (EMI) noises is occurred. This paper presents a high power low-loss resonant-type multi-level inverter. By using the proposed method, the switching losses and EMI noises can be suppressed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is performed by using PSIMR®.
Antimicrobial diterpenoids and triterpenoids from the stem bark of Croton macrostachys

Antimicrobial-guided fractionation of the EtOAc extract of the stem bark of Croton macrostachys afforded five known compounds including two lupane triterpenoids, lupeol (1) and betulin (2), and three clerodane diterpenoids, floridolide A (3), hardwickic acid (4) and 12-oxo-hardwickic acid (5). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral studies and comparison with published data. The EtOAc extract and compounds 1, 2, 4 and 5 were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities by macro-dilution method. The extract displayed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities (MIC = 31.25-1000 μg/ml). Betulin (2) and 12-oxo-hardwickic acid (5) were the most active compounds (MIC = 7.81-500 μg/ml). The most sensitive microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25922 for bacteria and two Candida species, Candida albicans ATCC 24433 and Candida krusei ATCC 6258, for fungi. The isolation of these active antibacterial and antifungal principles supports the use of C. macrostachys in traditional medicine for the treatment of microbial infections. Keywords: Croton macrostachys; Euphorbiaceae; triterpenes; diterpenes; antibacterial; antifungal.
Failure mode analysis for the solder joints for the flip-chip light emitting diodes

This paper investigated the shear performance and failure modes of the flip-chip LED packages by soldering method. The results of the experimental tests demonstrate that the solder joints on the ENIG surface finish show higher bonding strength than that on the Cu-OSP surface finish after reflow and isothermal aging. For the solder joints for the anodes on ENIG and Cu-OSP surface finishes, the LED chip and the solder interface near the LED chip are the weakest part. In contrast, the solder bulk showed the poorest strength and become the failure position for the solder joints for the cathodes. The Au layers at the diodes dissolved into the molten solder during reflow and led to the broken of the insulation layer and the interface between the insulation layer and the solder layer are prone to become the crack initiation position. An Au-rich layer can be observed near the cathode/solder layer interface after reflow. After long time aging, the Au-rich layer transformed into an interface.
Bis(1H-benzotriazole-7-sulfonato-κO)bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)cadmium dihydrate

In the title complex, [Cd(C6H4N3O3S)2(C12H8N2)2]·2H2O, the Cd2+ cation is located on an inversion center and is coordinated by four N atoms from two symmetry-related 1,10-phenanthroline ligands and two sulfonate O atoms from two benzotriazole-7-sulfonate anions, displaying a distorted CdN4O2 octahedral geometry. In the crystal, O—H⋯N, O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O, C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur. The lattice water molecules and sulfonate O atoms as donor or acceptor atoms play important roles in the formation of these interactions.
Annotating progressive aspect constructions in the spoken section of the British National Corpus

We present a set of stand-off annotations for the ninety thousand sentences in the spoken section of the British National Corpus (BNC) which feature a progressive aspect verb group. These annotations may be matched to the original BNC text using the supplied document and sentence identifiers. The annotated features mostly relate to linguistic form: subject type, subject person and number, form of auxiliary verb, and clause type, tense and polarity. In addition, the sentences are classified for register, the formality of recording context: three levels of `spontaneity' with genres such as sermons and scripted speech at the most formal level and casual conversation at the least formal. The resource has been designed so that it may easily be augmented with further stand-off annotations. Expert linguistic annotations of spoken data, such as these, are valuable for improving the performance of natural language processing tools in the spoken language domain and assist linguistic research in general.
Origin of juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in a tropical developmental habitat in Caribbean Panamá

Maximum likelihood mixed stock analysis was used to identify the natal origin of immature loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in a tropical developmental habitat in Caribbean Panamá. Approximately 65–70% of the loggerhead turtles in Chiriquí Lagoon originate from South Florida nesting beaches, and the other 30–35% originate from Mexico. Haplotype frequencies of the Chiriquí Lagoon loggerhead population are significantly different from those observed in the pelagic environment in the eastern Atlantic, and estimated nesting beach contributions to Chiriquí Lagoon are significantly different from values expected if recruitment were based solely on the size of nesting populations. These observations suggest that dispersal of loggerheads into benthic developmental habitats from the pelagic environment is not random. The occurrence of US and Mexican loggerheads in tropical developmental habitats has not been previously recognized. Exploitation and other mortality factors operating in the Caribbean area must be taken into account in demographic models and management plans for these two populations. This exploitation could be particularly important for the small, demographically vulnerable Mexican population and for other small populations for which no genetic data are currently available.
Studies on the modification and processing of prolipoprotein in Escherichia coli. Effects of structural alterations in prolipoprotein on its maturation in wild type and lpp mutants.

We have previously shown that an Escherichia coli mutant ( mlpA allele) containing a structurally altered murein prolipoprotein due to substitution of Gly14 by Asp14 , is globomycin resistant. In addition, the mutant prolipoprotein is not modified with glyceride and consequently remains uncleaved. Spontaneous revertants possessing a mature lipoprotein of apparent normal structure can be isolated by EDTA selection. Three revertants were chosen in the present study which included the analysis of kinetics of lipoprotein maturation and the determination of globomycin sensitivity. These pseudorevertants in the lpp gene which could be recognized by the anomalous prolipoprotein mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, exhibited altered globomycin sensitivity in vivo. Our results indicate that alterations in prolipoprotein structure affect the kinetics of prolipoprotein modification and processing reactions, both in vivo and in vitro. Pulse-chase experiments revealed the transient existence of unmodified prolipoprotein and modified prolipoprotein as biosynthetic intermediates of mature lipoprotein. The rate of prolipoprotein modification appeared to be slightly faster than that of processing in the wild type cell. In contrast, modification of prolipoprotein was rate limiting in a pseudorevertant strain 14R21 , and the processing of 14R21 modified prolipoprotein appeared to proceed more rapidly than that of wild type prolipoprotein, both in vitro and in vivo.
Encystation of Giardia lamblia leads to expression of antigens recognized by antibodies against conserved heat shock proteins

During in vitro encystation, Giardia lamblia expresses several stage-specific proteins which are recognized in immunoblots by antisera raised against antigens from three different pathogens. The antigens belong to two different families of conserved stress proteins: (i) HSP60 purified from Legionella pneumophila and recombinant HSP60 from Mycobacterium bovis BCG and (ii) recombinant HSP70 from Plasmodium falciparum.
Surface features of striated muscle. II. Guinea-pig skeletal muscle.

A study of the structure of the terminal part of the T-tubule system and the distribution of subsarcolemmal caveolae was undertaken in guinea-pig psoas muscle. The results were correlated with the array of cell surface features as revealed by frozen-etched, shadowed replicas of the cell membrane. Freeze-etching revealed numerous small rounded objects overlying the Z- and I-bands and the A-I junction regions of the sarcomeres. These objects appeared as pits or excrescences, depending on whether the cell membrane was viewed from outside or inside the cell, and were interpreted as apertures in the membrane. Conventional thin sections demonstrated the presence of numerous subsarcolemmal caveolae with a similar distribution to the rounded features seen in the replicas. Such sections also showed that the T-tubules, lying at the A-I juctions, seem to change direction when approaching the cell surface and may occasionally appear to branch in the subsarcolemmal region. The T-tubules often terminated in caveolae. Caveolae were sometimes seen in direct communication with the extracellular space. No simple direct communications of T-tubules with cell surface were observed. After treatment of the muscle with lanthanum during fixation, thin sections revealed apparently continuous dense deposits from the cell surface, through the caveolae to the T-tubule proper. It thus appears that each T-tubule communicates indirectly with the extracellular space via one or more subsarcolemmal caveolae.
Decrease in natural killer cell associated gene expression as a major characteristic of the immune status in the bloodstream of colorectal cancer patients

Early detection and stratification of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are major challenges, particularly in the context of the development of new therapies. Several screening strategies are already in place in various countries, but compliance remains a major issue, mainly due to logistics or discomfort for the patients. In this study, we hypothesized that transcriptional signatures associated with leukocytes in peripheral blood can be informative to the identification of CRC patients. Gene expression was studied using RNA extracted from whole blood samples collected in PAXgene tubes and DNA microarrays. Analyzing 119 CRC patients and 101 colonoscopy-negative control (CNC) samples, we observed 327 differentially expressed genes (DEG), mostly associated with immune cell activation and trafficking. Natural Killer (NK) cell signaling and cytotoxicity associated genes appeared to undergo major changes in CRC peripheral blood samples. These changes were more pronounced in the advanced stages of the disease. A summarizing score of the expression of 10 genes related to NK cells interestingly revealed a marked heterogeneity within the CRC Stage IV group, suggesting possible further stratification of the patients. This study shows the potential of transcriptomics in peripheral blood to discover biomarkers and provides new insight on the immune response in colorectal cancer. In addition to preparing a possible alternative to current screening modalities, these results also show that the expression analysis of genes like those related to NK cells should allow the stratification of patients with colorectal cancer, opening the door to personalized medicine.
The prevalence of dental caries among 12 to 15-year-old school children in Nigeria: report of a local survey and campaign.

PURPOSE To assess the prevalence of dental caries among school children in Egor local government area (district) and establish baseline data. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey of urban and rural, private and public school children in Egor district, Edo State, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 358 randomly selected school children aged 12 to 15 years from urban and rural, private and public schools in Egor District were examined for dental caries according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. A questionnaire was administered to elicit information from the participants on tooth cleaning, dietary habits and dental experience. An oral health campaign was conducted in the selected schools as an incentive. Data were analyzed using SPSS 7.5. RESULTS Sixty-seven percent (n = 238) of the school children were caries-free. Mean DMFT score was 0.65 (sd = 1.14). Decayed teeth accounted for the largest component (98.6%). No fillings were recorded. Prevalence (mean DMFT) was higher in females (0.70) than males (0.59); urban (0.72) more than rural (0.53); private schools (0.75) more than public schools (0.55). DMFT scores at age 12, 13, 14 and 15 were 0.51, 0.63, 0.78 and 0.66 respectively; 81.4% of the school children had never visited a dental clinic, 95.8% claimed to use a toothbrush and 87.5% regularly consumed snacks. CONCLUSION The prevalence of caries in Egor District is very low. Untreated caries indicates that preventive and restorative treatment needs are high. Dental and dietary habits are likely to increase this prevalence; hence the need for continuous monitoring, preventive and restorative programmes.
Yields of muscle from myogenic cells implanted into young and old mdx hosts

Implantation of normal muscle precursor cells (mpc) for treatment for inherited myopathies, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy,is in clear need of improvement to become practicable, but few variables have been studied comparatively. Here, we report the first quantitative estimate of the effectiveness of implanting mpc into preirradiated muscles of young and old mice and into preirradiated and nonirradiated old muscles. Estimates were made of the amount of muscle formed by injection of 5 × 105 cells dissociated from neonatal normal mouse muscle into tibialis anterior muscles of the dystrophin‐deficient mdx mouse. We show that normal mpc are incorporated slightly more efficiently into muscles of young than old host mice, to form some 10 mg of dystrophin‐positive fibers. In older muscles, prior irradiation has little effect on the total yield of new muscle. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.