Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of AlGaN/GaN HEMT with the improved ohmic contact by encapsulation of silicon dioxide thin film

We compared to the characteristics of fabricated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on a Si substrate with conventional ohmic contact and improved ohmic contact. In conventional ohmic contact with metal scheme of Ti/Al/Ni/Au or Ti/Al/Ti/Au, generally ohmic contact resistance is good but, surface topography has bad morphology due to ball-up by low Al melting point at high temperature RTA over 800°C. In order to improve that, we applied the encapsulation of silicon dioxide thin film in ohmic contact process and fabricated AlGaN/GaN HEMT with improved ohmic contact better than surface morphology and resistance of the conventional. As the results, ohmic metal morphology was improved more over 50% than the conventional and contact resistance was also low. Besides, at the T-gate formation, the alignment mark detection of e-beam lithography system was improved. The fabricated AlGaN/GaN HEMT with conventional ohmic contact has obtained I<inf>dss</inf> of 260mA/mm, V<inf>p</inf> of −1.7V, G<inf>m,max</inf> of 230mS/mm, BV<inf>gd</inf> of over 90V, f<inf>T</inf> of 31GHz and f<inf>max</inf> of 51GHz, while it has obtained I<inf>dss</inf> of 350mA/mm, V<inf>p</inf> of −1.6V, G<inf>m,max</inf> of 280mS/mm, BV<inf>gd</inf> of over 100V, f<inf>T</inf> of 34GHz and f<inf>max</inf> of 50GHz for improved ohmic contact, relatively.
In-Pixel Mobility Compensation Scheme for AMOLED Pixel Circuits

This paper demonstrates an in-pixel mobility compensation scheme for AMOLED pixel circuits, which requires only one capacitor and one TFT additionally. The proposed scheme converts the mobility variation into the voltage that is subtracted from the gate voltage of a driving TFT to reduce the current error. The proposed structure is applicable to both n-type and p-type TFT pixel circuits and is robust to the process variation of capacitors because the ratio of two capacitors is utilized. SPICE simulations show that, on average, the current error reduction of 50.1%, 34.9%, and 63.3% is achieved for n-type LTPS TFT, p-type LTPS TFT, and n-type oxide TFT pixel circuits, respectively, compared with a normal pixel circuit without mobility compensation.
Prediction of Cascading Failures in Spatial Networks

Cascading overload failures are widely found in large-scale parallel systems and remain a major threat to system reliability; therefore, they are of great concern to maintainers and managers of different systems. Accurate cascading failure prediction can provide useful information to help control networks. However, for a large, gradually growing network with increasing complexity, it is often impractical to explore the behavior of a single node from the perspective of failure propagation. Fortunately, overload failures that propagate through a network exhibit certain spatial-temporal correlations, which allows the study of a group of nodes that share common spatial and temporal characteristics. Therefore, in this study, we seek to predict the failure rates of nodes in a given group using machine-learning methods. We simulated overload failure propagations in a weighted lattice network that start with a center attack and predicted the failure percentages of different groups of nodes that are separated by a given distance. The experimental results of a feedforward neural network (FNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN) and support vector regression (SVR) all show that these different models can accurately predict the similar behavior of nodes in a given group during cascading overload propagation.
Role of the Domain Name System (DNS)

This document reviews the original function and purpose of the domain name system (DNS). It contrasts that history with some of the purposes for which the DNS has recently been applied and some of the newer demands being placed upon it or suggested for it. A framework for an alternative to placing these additional stresses on the DNS is then outlined. This document and that framework are not a proposed solution, only a strong suggestion that the time has come to begin thinking more broadly about the problems we are encountering and possible approaches to solving them.
[Reduction of pain on injection of propofol: a comparison of fentanyl with lidocaine].

We compared the effect of fentanyl and lidocaine on pain during injection of propofol. One hundred and sixty patients premedicated with midazolam were randomly allocated to one of four groups (n = 40, respectively); Group C, propofol 2 mg.kg-1; Group F, fentanyl 0.1 mg 3 min prior to propofol; Group L, lidocaine 40 mg added to 200 mg propofol; Group FL, fentanyl 0.1 mg 3 min prior to propofol mixed with lidocaine 40 mg. Propofol was injected via a vein on the dorsum of the hand in a half of the patients in each Group or the forearm vain in the other half. The incidence of pain was significantly less in both Group F (40%) and Group L (35%) compared with Group C (80%, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of pain between Group F and Group L. Group FL had the least incidence of pain (5%) of all Groups. Injection via the forearm vain tended to reduce the severity of pain compared with the vain on the dorsum of the hand. The time until loss of consciousness was significantly less in the groups receiving fentanyl than the groups without fentanyl (P < 0.01). In conclusion, prior administration of fentanyl is as effective as premixing of lidocaine in preventing the pain on injection of propofol, and the simultaneous application of them may abolish the pain.
Influence of Waxes on Bitumen and Asphalt Concrete Mixture Performance

ABSTRACT This paper deals with scientific work carried out to study the influence of different kinds of wax on bitumen and asphalt concrete mixture properties. Experimental parts involve base bitumens from different sources, isolated bitumen waxes and commercial waxes. Asphalt concrete slabs, containing base or wax modified bitumen were prepared and tested. Binder properties were evaluated using different types of laboratory equipment, such as dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), bending beam rheometer (BBR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), as well as equipment for determining more conventional parameters. Asphalt concrete properties were evaluated at low temperatures using the tensile strain restrained specimen test (TSRST) and creep test at −25°C. At higher temperatures, dynamic creep testing was performed at 40°C, and complex modulus tests between 0 and 20°C. Binder test results indicated that the magnitude and type of effect on bitumen rheology depend on the bitumen itself, type of crystallizing fraction in the bitumen and/or type and amount of additive used. Adding polyethylene wax, showed no or positive effects on the rheological behaviour at low temperatures (decrease in stiffness) as well as medium and high temperatures (increase in complex modulus and decrease in phase angle). However, the corresponding positive effects could not be shown in dynamic creep testing (at 40°C) of asphalt concrete mixtures containing these modified binders. Adding FT-paraffin decreased the physical hardening index (obtained using BBR) for all bitumens. Also polyethylene wax and montan wax showed this effect for some bitumens. Slack wax showed a large increasing effect on physical hardening. No correlation between physical hardening index (PHI) and wax content by DSC was found in this study. Addition of commercial waxes used showed no or marginally positive influence on bitumen ageing properties for bitumens and test conditions used. Asphalt mixture test results were compared to the corresponding binder test results, and found to be less evident. Significant physical hardening by BBR could not be confirmed by TSRST.
Content-Adaptive Perceptual ( Ours ) Bicubic Sharpened Lanczos Subsampling Box Generalized

We propose a perceptually based method for downscaling images that provides a better apparent depiction of the input image. We formulate image downscaling as an optimization problem where the difference between the input and output images is measured using a widely adopted perceptual image quality metric. The downscaled images retain perceptually important features and details, resulting in an accurate and spatio-temporally consistent representation of the high resolution input. We derive the solution of the optimization problem in closed-form, which leads to a simple, efficient and parallelizable implementation with sums and convolutions. The algorithm has running times similar to linear filtering and is orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art for image downscaling. We validate the effectiveness of the technique with extensive tests on many images, video, and by performing a user study, which indicates a clear preference for the results of the new algorithm. CR Categories: I.4. 1 [Image Processing and Computer Vision]: Digitization and Image Capture—Sampling;
On the use of jump-diffusion process for maintenance decision-making: A first step

A major concern for engineers and managers nowadays is to make high quality products and highly reliable systems. In this context, reliability analysis and efficient maintenance decision-making are strongly required. Reliability analysis needs collecting, modeling and analysis different types of measure especially for deteriorating systems. In presence of information data on system deterioration level or health indicator, the development of an accurate mathematical model describing the system behavior is indispensable. Stochastic processes are suitable tools to model the system behavior by taking into account its dynamic evolution and the possible influencing random phenomenon. The stochastic processes are largely used in reliability modeling and prognostics e.g. Markov chains, birth processes, counting processes, Gamma processes, and Wiener processes. In the case of gradually deteriorating systems, mainly Gamma and Wiener processes are considered to model the evolution of the deterioration in time respectively for monotonically deteriorating systems [1] and for non-monotone phenomenon [2]. A more general framework that encompasses these latter models is the diffusion process. In this framework the process is defined as the solution of a stochastic differential equation which means that each infinitesimal increment of degradation is described by the sum of drift and a random perturbation. Sudden events and relatively large fluctuations that may appear in real data variation can also be represented by allowing the stochastic process to include “jumps factors”. One important type of stochastic process that has the ability to describe the general behavior of data evolution as well as the particular large fluctuations is the jump-diffusion process. In this paper, based on a case study related to real collected data, the aim is to predict as precise as possible the failure time presented by the first crossing time of a given failure threshold by the deterioration level. In this purpose, a jump-diffusion process is used to model the data evolution and predict the future behavior of the system under consideration. The given dataset consists in several independent nonmonotone trajectories considered as the deterioration trajectories of different items. The variance behavior is found to be similar for the different independent trajectories. According to the variance behavior a division of the time do main into three different states is proposed. The transition between these states is supposed to be controlled by an explanatory variable, called covariate, following a Markov chain. At each state, data evolution is considered to follow the jump-diffusion process with Log-Uniform Jump Amplitude (log-normal distributed increments with jumps). The data fitting and parameters estimations are detailed in the rest of this paper. Eventually, the resulting model is used in forecasting and risk prediction. Giving an estimation of the future evolution of system within a certain confidence interval, this model permits to schedule the maintenance actions.
An exponential reliability-growth model in multicopy testing program

An exponential reliability-growth model, which incorporates step changes in the failure intensity, is proposed as an alternative to other reliability-growth models commonly used to analyze the failure process of repairable equipment in a development program. A multicopy testing-modification scenario is used in which several s-identical copies are put on test, and design modifications are introduced into all copies at each failure occurrence. Maximum likelihood estimation of quantities which index the reliability of the equipment as it goes into production, is investigated under the hypothesis that the unconstrained estimators are inside the parameter space. Exact and approximate procedures for obtaining interval estimates of the current failure intensity and interval prediction of the current lifetime are provided. A goodness-of-fit test is developed, and exact critical values of the test statistic are given. The situations in which unconstrained results can be correctly used are investigated and a numerical application drawn from real data is presented.
A Wideband Low Power Low-Noise Amplifier in CMOS Technology

A T-coil network can be implemented as a high order filter for bandwidth extension. This technique is incorporated into the design of the input matching and output peaking networks of a low-noise amplifier. The intrinsic capacitances within the transistors are exploited as a part of the wideband structure to extend the bandwidth. Using the proposed topology, a wideband low-noise amplifier with a bandwidth of 3-8 GHz, a maximum gain of 16.4 dB and noise figure of 2.9 dB (min) is achieved. The total power consumption of the wideband low-noise amplifier from the 1.8 V power supply is 3.9 mW. The prototype is fabricated in 0.18 ¿m CMOS technology.
Effects of Long-Term Intervention with Lactobacillus helveticus-Fermented Milk on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content in Growing Rats

Background:Lactobacillus helveticus-fermented milk has been shown to increase calcium absorption compared to ordinary sour milk. In the present study the possible effect of L. helveticus-fermented milk on bone was studied in growing rats. Methods: Spontaneously hypertensive male rats, which develop an osteoporotic bone disorder with age, were randomized into 5 groups (n = 10) receiving milk fermented with L. helveticus 16H and, as reference drinks, milk fermented with L. helveticus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sour milk, skim milk or water, for 14 weeks. After the intervention bone mineral density and bone mineral content were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The femur weight, length and volume were measured before ashing. From the ashes the weight and mineral content were assessed. Results: As the body weight gain differed significantly between the groups, the results were related to the body weight. The L. helveticus-fermented milk intervention significantly increased the bone mineral density and bone mineral content compared to the sour milk, skim milk and water interventions. The mean values of the bone mineral density and bone mineral content were higher in the L. helveticus-fermented milk group compared to the Saccharomyces-fermented milk group but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion:L. helveticus-fermented milk increases bone mineral density and bone mineral content in relation to body weight in the long-term feeding of growing rats. The mechanism of L. helveticus remains to be discovered.
Accompanist detection and following for wheelchair robots with fuzzy controller

Human-robot interaction is an important issue for service robots. In this paper, we propose to utilize the multisensory data fusion to autonomously detect and track an accompanist as a target person in the surroundings of the mobile robot. First, we use laser range finder to detect the target person features which is characterized using distances and orientations from range sensor readings. Based on the sensor information and the desired tracking position, a fuzzy based tracking controller is proposed to follow the accompanist. In addition, the obstacle avoidance strategy is also embedded into the following controller to mitigate disturbances or interferences in dynamical environment when robot is performing a following task simultaneously. If the accompanist is missed, a recognition process based on a pan-tilt-zoom camera and observed images will be used to search the target person again. Experimental results demonstrated the validation and feasibility of the proposed system.
Arithmetic Coding

The earlier introduced arithmetic coding idea has been generalized to a very broad and flexible coding technique which includes virtually all known variable rate noiseless coding techniques as special cases. An outstanding feature of this technique is that alphabet extensions are not required. A complete decodability analysis is given. The relationship of arithmetic coding to other known nonblock codes is illuminated.
Throughput analysis of distant-adaptive, fixed-length, variable-capacity packets in OPS networks

We analyze the throughput of fixed-length, variable-capacity (FL-VC) packet technology in OPS MANs with lengths up to several tens of kilometers. Compared to conventional OPS networks using fixed-bit-rate packets, FL-VC often offers throughput increases of ≃50% to TCP flows, and of ≃100% to UDP flows, under realistic traffic patterns. Throughput also increases with respect to equivalent topologies where switches have random-access buffers.
Dynamic Inference : Using Dynamic Memory Networks for Question Answering

Question Answering is an incredibly important task in Natural Language Processing (NLP), and we aim to experiment with models in Machine Comprehension to attempt to perform well on Question Answering tasks. We specifically work with the Faceboook bAbi dataset, and aim to achieve strong results using Dynamic Memory Networks, which are known to have strong performance for this task. Dynamic Memory Networks process questions and inputs, and with episodic memories, try to determine the answer for a particular question.
Extension of K-Modes Algorithm for Generating Clusters Automatically

K-Modes is an eminent algorithm for clustering data set with categorical attributes. This algorithm is famous for its simplicity and speed. The KModes is an extension of the K-Means algorithm for categorical data. Since K-Modes is used for categorical data so ‘Simple Matching Dissimilarity’ measure is used instead of Euclidean distance and the ‘Modes’ of clusters are used instead of ‘Means’. However, one major limitation of this algorithm is dependency on prior input of number of clusters K, and sometimes it becomes practically impossible to correctly estimate the optimum number of clusters in advance. In this paper we have proposed an algorithm which will overcome this limitation while maintaining the simplicity of K-Modes algorithm.
Anxiety and depression: The moderating roles of self-perception and race

It has been shown that children with elevated anxiety levels are at a higher risk for developing depressive symptoms (e.g., Seligman & Ollendick, 1998). Furthermore, it has been shown that high self-worth may serve as a protective factor against developing both anxiety and depressive symptoms (e.g. Costello et al., 2008). The primary focus of the current research was to evaluate the moderating role that self-worth played in the predictive relationship between anxiety and depression. A second avenue of interest for the current research was the exploration of the role that race played in these predictive relationships between anxiety, depression, and self-worth. Using an ethnically diverse sample of 726 middle school children regression analyses were run to examine the predictive relationship between anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms, as well as the potential moderating role of self-worth. Additionally, a three way interaction was examined between gender, racial group, and anxiety in the prediction of depressive symptoms. Analyses showed that both self-worth and anxiety symptoms were significantly related to depressive symptoms. However, self-worth and race were not moderating variables in the relationship between anxiety and depression. Furthermore, there was not a significant three way interaction between gender, racial group, and anxiety in the prediction of depression. The discussion includes an examination of the limitations as well as possible future directions for research.
Effects of Florivory and Inbreeding on Reproduction in Hermaphrodites of the Wild Strawberry Fragaria virginiana

Recently, the biotic context for sexual and mating system evolution in plants has received special attention; however, the significance of interactions with antagonists has only begun to be revealed. We investigated the effect of florivory on reproduction and inbreeding depression by simulating damage on selfed and outcrossed progeny of hermaphrodites of Fragaria virginiana and recording the response of reproduction, as well as measuring tolerance to florivory. While both florivory and inbreeding affected reproduction, their effects were independent with respect to sexual traits but not an asexual trait; inbreeding depression was florivory and family dependent, specifically, for plantlet production. Plants were intolerant of florivory in terms of flowers, moderately tolerant in terms of fruit, and most tolerant in terms of plantlets. However, only under severe damage was intolerance statistically significant. Inbreeding did little to change these patterns. Our findings indicate that florivory does not consistently influence inbreeding depression, suggesting that it is not likely to affect sex ratio through this mechanism. However, our results combined with knowledge of the sex determination system and evidence that florivory increases autogamous selfing suggest a new way florivores could affect sex ratio in this system: that is, by increasing the production of high‐fruiting hermaphrodites.