Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Responses of mouse lymphocytes to extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). Lymphocytes with cytotoxic activity are resistant to the permeabilizing effects of ATP.

The effects of extracellular ATP on plasma membrane permeability in mouse lymphocytes were studied with plasma membrane depolarization, uptake of ethidium bromide, and release of lactate dehydrogenase as indicators of increased permeability. Extracellular ATP induced sustained depolarization of plasma membrane potential as well as uptake of low m.w. fluorescent markers in mouse lymphocytes derived from thymus and spleen, and in two lymphoma lines YAC-1 and MBL-2. The fully ionized form ATP4- rather than MgATP2- mediated the increased permeability of the plasma membrane. Although prolonged exposure to exogenous ATP ultimately lysed the lymphocytes, two CTL populations (CHM-14 clone and CTLL-2 line) and IL-2-treated spleen lymphocytes with unrestricted killing activity were highly resistant to the permeabilizing action of extracellular ATP at all concentrations tested. In addition, CTL derived from primary immune peritoneal exudate and enriched by in vitro culture for 5 days in the presence of specific stimulator cells were also resistant to this permeabilizing effect. These findings show that exogenous ATP has a lytic effect on mouse lymphocytes but not on CTL, and suggest a role for ATP in cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
A novel pathway for alternative splicing: identification of an RNA intermediate that generates an alternative 5' splice donor site not present in the primary transcript of AMPD1

AMP deaminase (AMPD) is a central enzyme in eucaryotic energy metabolism, and tissue-specific as well as stage-specific isoforms are found in many vertebrates. This study demonstrates the AMPD1 gene product in rat is alternatively spliced. The second exon, a 12-base miniexon, was found to be excluded or included in a tissue-specific and stage-specific pattern. This example of cassette splicing utilizes a unique pathway through an RNA intermediate that generates an alternative 5' splice donor site at the point where exon 2 is ligated to exon 1. In the analogous intermediate of human AMPD1, the potential 5' splice donor site created at the boundary of exon 1 and exon 2 was a poor substrate for splicing because of differences in exon 2 sequences, and human AMPD1 was not alternatively spliced. These results demonstrate that in some cases alternative splicing may proceed through an RNA intermediate that generates an alternative splice donor site not present in the primary transcript. Discrimination between alternative 5' splice donor sites in the RNA intermediate of AMPD1 is apparently controlled by tissue-specific and stage-specific signals.
LearnLoc : A Framework for Smart Indoor Localization with Mobile Devices

There has been growing interest in location-based services and indoor localization in recent years. While several smartphone based indoor localization techniques have been proposed, these techniques have many shortcomings related to accuracy and consistency. These prior efforts also ignore energy consumption analysis which is a crucial quality metric in resource-constrained smartphones. In this work, we propose novel techniques based on machine learning algorithms and smart sensor management for real-time indoor localization using smartphones. We implement our proposed techniques as well as state-of-the-art techniques on real smartphones and evaluate their tracking effectiveness and energy overheads across several diverse real-world indoor environments. Our best technique improves upon prior work, achieving indoor localization accuracy between 1-3 meters.
An investigation of the international literature on nurse practitioner private practice models.

AIM To investigate and synthesize the international literature surrounding nurse practitioner (NP) private practice models in order to provide an exposition of commonalities and differences. BACKGROUND NP models of service delivery have been established internationally and most are based in the public healthcare system. In recent years, opportunities for the establishment of NP private practice models have evolved, facilitated by changes in legislation and driven by identification of potential patient need. To date, NP private practice models have received less attention in the literature and, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first international investigation of NP private practice models. DESIGN Integrative literature review. METHOD A literature search was undertaken in October 2012. Database sources utilized included Medical Literature Analyses and Retrieval (MEDLINE), the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest, Scopus and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR). The grey literature was also searched. The following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and search terms used both individually and in combination included nurse practitioners; private practice; joint practice; collaboration; and insurance, health and reimbursement. Once literature had been identified, a thematic analysis was undertaken to extract themes. RESULTS Thirty manuscripts and five publications from the grey literature were included in the final review. Private practice NP roles were identified in five countries, with the majority of the literature emanating from the USA. The thematic analysis resulted in the identification of five themes: reimbursement, collaborative arrangements, legislation, models of care and acceptability. CONCLUSION Proportionally, there are very few NPs engaged in private practice internationally. The most common NP private practice models were community based, with NPs working in clinic settings, either alone or with other health professionals. Challenges in the context of legislation and financial reimbursement were identified in each country where private practice is being undertaken.
Comparison of Fully Automated Computer Analysis and Visual Scoring for Detection of Coronary Artery Disease from Myocardial Perfusion SPECT in a Large Population

We compared the performance of fully automated quantification of attenuation-corrected (AC) and noncorrected (NC) myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) with the corresponding performance of experienced readers for detection of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Rest–stress 99mTc-sestamibi MPS studies (n = 995; 650 consecutive cases with coronary angiography and 345 with likelihood of CAD < 5%) were obtained by MPS with AC. The total perfusion deficit (TPD) for AC and NC data was compared with the visual summed stress and rest scores of 2 experienced readers. Visual reads were performed in 4 consecutive steps with the following information progressively revealed: NC data, AC + NC data, computer results, and all clinical information. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of TPD for detection of CAD was similar to both readers (NC: 82% vs. 84%; AC: 86% vs. 85%–87%; P = not significant) with the exception of the second reader when clinical information was used (89%, P < 0.05). The receiver-operating-characteristic area under the curve (ROC AUC) for TPD was significantly better than visual reads for NC (0.91 vs. 0.87 and 0.89, P < 0.01) and AC (0.92 vs. 0.90, P < 0.01), and it was comparable to visual reads incorporating all clinical information. The per-vessel accuracy of TPD was superior to one reader for NC (81% vs. 77%, P < 0.05) and AC (83% vs. 78%, P < 0.05) and equivalent to the second reader (NC, 79%; and AC, 81%). The per-vessel ROC AUC for NC (0.83) and AC (0.84) for TPD was better than that for the first reader (0.78–0.80, P < 0.01) and comparable to that of the second reader (0.82–0.84, P = not significant) for all steps. Conclusion: For detection of ≥70% stenoses based on angiographic criteria, a fully automated computer analysis of NC and AC MPS data is equivalent for per-patient and can be superior for per-vessel analysis, when compared with expert analysis.
Empirical Research Published in Production and Operations Management (1992–2005): Trends and Future Research Directions

We review and evaluate empirical research in more than 150 papers published in Production and Operations Management (POM) during 1992 to 2005 to assess how far the papers' authors have met the journaľs stated objective of promoting empirical research. We also assess the diversity of articles in terms of the purposes of research, data collection approaches, and data analysis techniques. We classify the empirical research articles based on their primary purpose (theory building, theory verifying, application, and providing evidence), data collection approach (case study, qualitative research, archival research, survey‐based research, laboratory research, and field research), data analysis technique (descriptive statistics, various multivariate statistical techniques, and mathematical modeling), and operations topics (strategy, quality, and supply chain management). We also discuss directions for future empirical research in operations management. During 1992 to 2005, the articles based on empirical data have increased substantially from 30 to 50 percent of all articles published in POM. During 1992 to 1998, about three‐fourths of the empirical‐research‐based articles published in POM focused on the manufacturing industry, but recently the gap between the numbers of manufacturing‐ and service‐focused articles published in POM has almost disappeared. While a previous assessment of articles published in a range of operations management journals showed that almost all of the empirical articles were based on either surveys or case studies, our results indicate that POM has published articles that were based on a much wider and more diverse range of data collection approaches. Production and Operations Management has clearly established itself as a leading outlet for publishing empirical research in operations management.
Impact of FIB‐4 index on hepatocellular carcinoma incidence during nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B: An analysis using time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic

Nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy has been reported to reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, even during NA therapy, development of HCC has been observed in patients with CHB. Therefore, we clarified the predictive power of clinical factors for HCC incidence using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis that takes time dependence into account.
Kinetic Mechanism and Regulation of Myosin VI*

Myosin VI is the only pointed end-directed myosin identified and is likely regulated by heavy chain phosphorylation (HCP) at the actin-binding site in vivo. We undertook a detailed kinetic analysis of the actomyosin VI ATPase cycle to determine whether there are unique adaptations to support reverse directionality and to determine the molecular basis of regulation by HCP. ADP release is the rate-limiting step in the cycle. ATP binds slowly and with low affinity. At physiological nucleotide concentrations, myosin VI is strongly bound to actin and populates the nucleotide-free (rigor) and ADP-bound states. Therefore, myosin VI is a high duty ratio motor adapted for maintaining tension and has potential to be processive. A mutant mimicking HCP increases the rate of Pi release, which lowers theK ATPase but does not affect ADP release. These measurements are the first to directly measure the steps regulated by HCP for any myosin. Measurements with double-headed myosin VI demonstrate that the heads are not independent, and the native dimer hydrolyzes multiple ATPs per diffusional encounter with an actin filament. We propose an alternating site model for the stepping and processivity of two-headed high duty ratio myosins.
PIASx Is a Transcriptional Co-repressor of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4*

In response to interleukin 12 (IL-12) stimulation, a latent cytoplasmic transcription factor, Stat4 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 4), becomes tyrosine-phosphorylated and translocates into the nucleus where it binds to DNA to activate transcription. Cofactors that can directly bind and regulate Stat4 activity have not been described. We report here that PIASx, a member of the protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) family, is a negative regulator of Stat4. PIASx becomes associated with Stat4 following IL-12 stimulation in vivo. PIASx inhibits IL-12-stimulated and Stat4-dependent gene activation in human T cells. PIASx does not inhibit the DNA binding activity of Stat4. Instead PIASx is present in the Stat4-DNA binding complex. Finally the inhibitory activity of PIASx on Stat4-mediated gene activation is abolished by the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A. Our results suggest that PIASx may function as a co-repressor of Stat4.
Peroxynitrite Formation in Focal Cerebral Ischemia—Reperfusion in Rats Occurs Predominantly in the Peri-Infarct Region

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) exhibits potent neurotoxicity and plays an important role in neu ronal death, but no evidence shows that it is formed in the brain during ischemia or subsequent reperfusion. To detect the formation of ONOO−, we used a hydrolysis/HPLC procedure to measure the formation of 3-nitro-l-tyrosine (NO2-Tyr), which is considered to reflect attack of ONOO− on l-tyrosine residues of cellular components in the brain. Focal ischemia was produced by occluding the right common carotid and right middle cerebral arteries for 2 hours, and the ischemic area was reperfused by reopening the middle cerebral artery. After 2 hours of ischemia, the values of the ratio of NO2-Tyr to l-tyrosine were 0% ± 0%, 0.42% ± 0.13% and 0.29% ± 0.10% in the noninfarct, periinfarct, and core-of-infarct regions, respectively. After 3 hours of reperfusion following 2 hours of ischemia, the ratio in the periinfarct region reached 0.89 ± 0.22%, which was significantly higher than that in the core-of-infarct region (0.35 ± 0.09%). The NO2-Tyr was not detected in 50 mg/kg of N-monomethyl-l-arginine–treated or sham-operated rats. Regional CBF in the periinfarct region decreased to 30.8 ± 15.9 mL/100 g/min during occlusion, but recovered more rapidly than did that in the core-of-infarct region.
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Demethylates a Single CpG That Mediates Expression of Tumor Suppressor CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein δ in U937 Leukemia Cells*

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation in leukemia cells. To investigate the molecular mechanisms whereby fatty acids affect these processes, U937 leukemia cells were conditioned with stearic, oleic, linolenic, α-linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids. PUFAs affected proliferation; eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was the most potent on cell cycle progression. EPA enhanced the expression of the myeloid lineage-specific transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ), PU.1, and c-Jun, resulting in increased expression of the monocyte lineage-specific target gene, the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor. Indeed, it is known that PU.1 and C/EBPs interact with their consensus sequences on a small DNA fragment of macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor promoter, which is a determinant for expression. We demonstrated that C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ bind the same response element as a heterodimer. We focused on the enhanced expression of C/EBPδ, which has been reported to be a tumor suppressor gene silenced by promoter hypermethylation in U937 cells. After U937 conditioning with EPA and bisulfite sequencing of the −370/−20 CpG island on the C/EBPδ promoter region, we found a site-specific CpG demethylation that was a determinant for the binding activity of Sp1, an essential factor for C/EBPδ gene basal expression. Our results provide evidence for a new role of PUFAs in the regulation of gene expression. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that re-expression of the tumor suppressor C/EBPδ is controlled by the methylation state of a site-specific CpG dinucleotide.
Classification and identification of anomalies in time series of power quality measurements

The number of devices capable of measurement Power Quality (PQ) parameters is increasing continuously in all voltage levels. Consequently, the amount of available PQ data is also growing very fast. These data contain a lot of valuable information about the behavior of PQ, but up to now it is in the most cases used only to assess compliance with limits (e.g. EN 50160 in Europe). Beside long-term characteristics (trends) and medium-term characteristics (seasonal effects) in particular the analysis of short-term characteristics can provide useful information about deviations from a "typical" behavior, which are usually caused by significant changes in the customer or network behavior (e.g. connection of new disturbing equipment). As manual screening of the data is not feasible, automated methods to identify such "anomalies" are required. After a short description of typical variations in PQ datasets the paper classifies different types of anomalies in PQ time series and presents a new method in order to identify them. Finally, the performance of the method is discussed based on examples.
Effect of Biejiajian Oral Liquid on the Expression of RAAS in Hepatic Fibrosis Rats

Objective: To study the effect of Biejiajian Oral Liquid (BOL) on the rennin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) in plasma of hepatic fibrosis rats and in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) of normal rats. We explore the mechanism of BOL on inhibiting the activation of HSC and illustrate its mechanism of anti-hepatic fibrosis further. Methods: SD Rats were divided into 5 groups randomly: normal control group, model group, Enalapril group and BOL groups with different concentration (2.0 g/ml or 1.0 g/ml). Every group was administered with CCl4 and olive oil solution to induce hepatic fibrosis except normal one. Each group was treated with the respective drug for 5 weeks and then got the blood. The level of renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone in the plasma of liver fibrosis rats were detected by the radioimmunoassay. By using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to measure the gene expression of the rennin, ACE, angiotensinogen, AT1R and ALD. The AT1R gene expression in normal HSC was determined by the immunohistochemical measurement. Results: BOL could effectively reduce the activity of the PRA, AngIIand ALD, which showed a significant effect on the inhibition of the AngII (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, compared with the normal control group, there was a notable inhibitory action on the PRA of HSC which was administrated by serum containing BOL (P < 0.05). And yet, drug applied group showed no difference with the model group for other factors of the RAAS. Conclusion: BOL can inhibit the expression of RAAS in the rat plasma and can inhibit the expression of the mRNA of renin in the normal HSC, which could be the mechanism of anti-hepatic fibrosis.
Diagnostic conundrums in substance abusers with psychiatric symptoms: variables suggestive of dual diagnosis.

Patients with substance dependence and psychiatric symptoms often present a diagnostic conundrum because each of these problems may mutually and reciprocally complicate the other. This may challenge the ability to identify dual-diagnosis patients who have both a substance abuse disorder and a definitive symptom-based psychiatric disorder. The main purpose of this explorative study was to identify variables suggestive of dual diagnosis in the population of substance-dependent patients with psychiatric symptoms. A secondary purpose was to examine the subgroups in this population for their distinctiveness from one another. Based upon clinical experience and the literature, seven independent variables were hypothesized as suggestive of dual diagnosis. Seventy-nine patients with substance dependence and psychiatric symptoms of depression, anxiety, and/or psychosis were assessed for symptom and disorder status generating three subgroups: I) 20 patients with psychiatric symptoms not meeting thresholds for clinical significance; II) 36 patients exhibiting a psychiatric disorder (dual diagnosis); and III) 23 patients with psychiatric symptoms meeting thresholds for clinical significance but not for a disorder. Odds ratios were calculated to examine the risk for dual diagnosis using the seven independent variables. A persistent increased risk for dual diagnosis was observed in patients who were positive for the seven variables. The seven variables were combined into an overall measure of patients' risk for dual diagnosis. Mean scores were significantly different for the three groups F(2, 76) = 8.4, p < . 001. This study indicates variables that may be suggestive of dual diagnosis and finds subgroup distinctiveness in this sample. Both of these findings have treatment implications.
Combination of Genetic Algorithm and Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence for Land Cover Classification Using Integration of SAR and Optical Satellite Imagery

The integration of different kinds of remotely sensed data, in particular Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical satellite imagery, is considered a promising approach for land cover classification because of the complimentary properties of each data source. However, the challenges are: how to fully exploit the capabilities of these multiple data sources, which combined datasets should be used and which data processing and classification techniques are most appropriate in order to achieve the best results. In this paper an approach, in which synergistic use of a feature selection (FS) methods with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and multiple classifiers combination based on Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence, is proposed and evaluated for classifying land cover features in New South Wales, Australia. Multi-date SAR data, including ALOS/PALSAR, ENVISAT/ASAR and optical (Landsat 5 TM+) images, were used for this study. Textural information were also derived and integrated with the original images. Various combined datasets were generated for classification. Three classifiers, namely Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Self-Organizing Map (SOM) were employed. Firstly, feature selection using GA was applied for each classifier and dataset to determine the optimal input features and parameters. Then the results of three classifiers on particular datasets were combined using the Dempster-Shafer theory of Evidence. Results of this study demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method for land cover mapping using complex datasets. It is revealed that the use of GA in conjunction with the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence can significantly improve the classification accuracy. Furthermore, integration of SAR and optical data often outperform single-type datasets.