Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘What is going on and what should we do?’ Divergent frames in multifunctional projects

Multifunctional projects offer advantages because they enable synergetic effects among functions. However, realizing these plans is more challenging than mono-functional projects because of the difficult adjustment of several functions in an area and the involvement of a larger diversity of actors with often conflicting interpretations about decision contexts. The present paper is an in-depth study about how predominant interpretations mobilize actors and influence their choices in the decision-making process of a multifunctional land use project. To this end, we reconstruct the decision process of an urban brownfield multifunctional project located in the western part of the Netherlands. To indicate what actors interpret as problems and solutions in decision contexts, we use the concept of ‘frames’ as a lens. We reconstructed the decision-making process of the project by interviewing 17 actors and reviewing more than 70 documents. Following a grounded theory approach, we evaluated decisions that actors i.
Influence of viscosity and compressibility of aerated oil on determination of volumetric losses in a variable capacity piston pump

ABSTRACT Modulus B of the liquid volume elasticity of non-aerated and aerated oil is defined in the paper as relation to the indicated increase of pressure in the pump working chambers, with the change of oil temperature and degree of aeration. In evaluation of the losses due to oil compressibility in a variable capacity displacement pump, the volume of compressed liquid at each pump setting is taken into account. Volumetric losses have been divided into leakage losses in the pump chambers and losses due to liquid compressibility. The need of accounting for only the leakage losses for pump evaluation is pointed out.
Spatial Analysis Model for Agricultural Land Grading Based on GIS

To improve the efficiency of spatial analysis a novel model is proposed. Based on analyzing on workflows and techniques, the research mainly put emphasis on optimizing data organizations, enhancing data accessing efficiency, improving spatial researches, simplifying complex operations, and realizing automation. The model employed ArcGIS Engine, ArcSDE and ADO.net to design and implement its functions through programming under the Dot NET Framework. It has been applied to the grading work of agricultural lands in Lanping County, Yunnan Province, which shows that it can simplify operations, improve accuracy, and has features of good practicality and generality and should be applicable in other settings and over larger extents.
Digital algorithms for measurement of voltage flicker

The fluctuation of utility voltage often becomes so serious that the flicker of electrical lighting equipment is visible and sometimes irritable. In order to solve the problems related to voltage fluctuation, many definitions and meters had been proposed and developed. In this paper, these meter principles are categorised, and the digital algorithms used to calculate voltage flicker are discussed. Special attention is focused on the pitfalls of the fast Fourier transform, which is the spectrum of voltage fluctuation signals. Since the trivial system frequency deviation may cause serious leakage under proper frequency resolution, the directly digital demodulation method is not suggested. In order to reduce aliasing, a low-pass filter (LPF) is necessary, and the sampling frequency of the analog to digital converter (ADC) must be not less than two multiples of the cut-off frequency of the LPF. The frequency resolution must be raised as much as possible to lower the inherent picket-fence effect, owing to the approximately continuous spectrum distribution of the voltage fluctuation. Based on the above considerations, a developed microcomputer-based instrument system prototype was used to validate the operation of the proposed algorithm, by the voltage-flicker measurement of a voltage-flicker generator and an arc-furnace feeder.
Two-speed induction motors using fractional-slot windings

It has already been shown how to obtain 2-speed single-winding squirrel-cage induction motors, using a normal stator with all coils identical, and with only six terminals to the winding. The earlier methods showed how an integral-slot winding may be modulated to give a 2-speed winding for any pole combination, and also how to design a fractional-slot 2-speed winding for pole combinations which do not include a multiple of 6. The fractional-slot windings are the best, and this paper completes the record of close-ratio pole-amplitude modulation in its basic form by showing how to design a fractional-slot winding for any close-ratio pole combination. The performance of machines with such fractional-slot windings very nearly approaches that of a single-speed motor, for both speeds; and it is thought that, for most applications, these fractional-slot windings will supersede the earlier integral-slot ones. Tables of finished winding designs for one pole combination are given in full, together with details of the design methods, which are illustrated by the complete working of one particular design. The basic part of the task of converting the single-winding squirrel-cage induction motor into a close-ratio 2-speed machine has therefore been completed and recorded in full. The application of the same principles to wide-ratio 2-speed machines has been separately described, as will also be certain further developments of the work already recorded.
Incentive Contracts in Projects with Unforeseeable Uncertainty

Designing incentive contracts that constructively guide employee efforts is a particularly difficult challenge in novel innovation initiatives, where unforeseen events may occur. Empirical studies have observed a variety of incentive structures in innovation settings: “time and material contracts” (compensation for executing orders), “downside protection” (target‐driven incentives with protection from unexpected risks), and “upside rewards” (additional remuneration for pursuing opportunities). This paper develops a model of incentives in presence of unforeseen events and offers a theoretical prediction of which of the empirically observed incentive structures should be used under which circumstances. The combination of three key influences drives the shape of the best incentive contract. First, the presence of unforeseeable uncertainty, or the occurrence of events that cannot possibly be foreseen at the outset. These may force a change in the project's plan, making pure target setting insufficient. Second, fairness concerns dictate that the employee's expected compensation cannot be shifted downward by unforeseen events, because it would cause demotivation, hostility, and defection. Third, management may not be able to observe the detailed actions of the employee (moral hazard) nor whether a positive or negative unforeseen event has occurred (asymmetric information).
In situ vehicle engine exhaust measurements of nitric oxide with a thermoelectrically cooled, cw DFB quantum cascade laser

This paper describes the application of a thermoelectrically cooled, continuous wave (cw), single mode distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade laser (QCL) to the real-time, in situ vehicle engine exhaust monitoring of nitric oxide. Experiments have been carried out on a static gasoline engine test bed where the engine operating conditions can be varied in a controlled manner. Results show the response of the nitric oxide concentration to engine conditions. The prospects for further multispecies in situ measurements are discussed.
Experimental characterization of the cyclostationary low-frequency noise of microwave semiconductor devices under large signal operation

This paper presents a detailed experimental analysis of the cyclostationary properties of low-frequency (LF) noise sources of microwave bipolar devices, in order to improve the LF noise description in compact models. Such models are used to help designers on predicting circuit performances such as phase and amplitude noise in oscillators. We start by reviewing the most relevant experimental and simulation results on the subject, and then investigate the model of conductance fluctuations proposed to explain the 1/f noise of carbon resistors. This simple linear case serves as a basis for understanding the complex case of a non-linear device under large-signal periodic operation. We then present the large-signal small-signal analysis of a pumped junction, focusing on the process of converting the fundamental LF noise process, a current fluctuation, into voltage fluctuations. We show why a stationary noise model would lead to an increase of the voltage noise observed around DC when the device is pumped, while the voltage noise would decrease if a cyclostationary model was used. A great amount of experimental data is presented not only to support our analysis, but also as a mean to distinguish between the two noise processes under consideration: stationary or cyclostationary. The goal of our noise measurement technique was to maximize the difference between those two concepts. Throughout the paper, we revisit some known concepts and show how some experimental results may lead to misinterpretations.
Identification Sixteen Metabolic Genes as Potential Biomarkers for Colon Adenocarcinoma 

Purpose Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the digestive tract. It is still important to find important markers that affect the prognosis of COAD. This research aims to identify some key prognosis-related metabolic genes (PRMG) and establish a clinical prognosis model for COAD patients. Method We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to obtain gene expression profiles of COAD, and then identified differentially expressed prognostic-related metabolic genes through R language and Perl software, Through univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox analysis to obtain target genes, established metabolic genes prognostic models and risk scores. Through COX regression analysis, independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of COAD were analyzed, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of independent prognostic factors was performed and a nomogram for predicting overall survival was constructed. Perform the consistency index (C-index) test and decision curve analysis (DCA) on the nomogram, and use Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to identify the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway of model genes. Result We selected PRMG based on the expression of metabolic genes, and used LASSO Cox regression to construct 16 metabolic gene (SEPHS1, P4HA1, ENPP2, PTGDS, GPX3, CP, ASPA, POLR3A, PKM, POLR2D , XDH, EPHX2, ADH1B, HMGCL, GPD1L and MAOA) models. The risk score generated from our model can well predict the survival prognosis of COAD. A nomogram based on the clinicopathological characteristics and risk scores of COAD can personally predict the overall survival rate of COAD patients. Conclusion We comprehensively identified metabolic genes related to the prognosis of COAD. The risk score based on the expression of 16 metabolic genes can effectively predict the prognosis of patients with COAD.
Dynamic Estimation of Road Bank Angle

Road bank angles have a direct influence on vehicle dynamics and lateral acceleration measurement. A vehicle stability control system that knows road bank angle has an advantageous capability in achieving desired control sensitivities for maneuvers on ice and snow, among all surfaces, while avoiding false/nuisance activation on a banked road. Since neither lateral velocity nor road bank angle are directly measurable in current vehicle systems due to economical reasons, the major challenge is to differentiate the bias induced by road bank disturbances from actual effect of vehicle lateral dynamics in current measurements. This paper proposes a method of road bank estimation and provides theoretical background for the decoupling effort of lateral dynamics and road disturbances involved in bank estimation.
The 'Artful' Decision Maker: A Framework Model for Aeronautical Decision Making

The important role of good decision making in aviation safety is now widely recognized. Although much effort has been devoted to the development of prescriptive models of aeronautical decision making (ADM) and the preparation of training materials, very few attempts have been made to study the actual decision-making processes of pilots. This article reviews the available literature of descriptive studies of ADM, as well as other examples of naturalistic decision making in complex, dynamic environments. The process of ADM appears to differ in significant ways from the normative approach of decision analysis. A framework model of ADM is proposed and its compatibility with current artificial intelligence models of decision making is discussed. The role of this descriptive model in directing future research into ADM and as a basis for further prescriptive efforts are highlighted.
The Research and Application of WNN in the Fault Diagnosis Technology of Electric Locomotive Main Transformer

The paper proposes an optimized wavelet neural network (WNN) to diagnose faults of electric locomotive main transformer. The optimization algorithm introduces the concepts of quantum, affinity, concentration and chaos sequence. In the process of network training, the chromatographic data and electrical test data worked as the inputs of orthogonal wavelet neural network, the network's hidden layer used orthogonal db4 function as basis function, the hybrid particle swarm algorithm can be used to obtain the initial values of orthogonal wavelet neural network and optimize the network parameters. The test results show that the proposed HPSO-WNN do effectively improve the traction transformer fault diagnosis speed and accuracy.
Tillage Practices Usage in Early Warning Prediction of Atrazine Pollution

Tillage and pesticide management are important factors controlling pesticide losses from agricultural watersheds. In this research, tillage activities were mapped from Landsat TM and MODIS data and were used in Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to simulate atrazine concentrations in the St. Joseph River in northeastern Indiana. The calibrated and validated model proved to be crucial in making early warning predictions and decisions on atrazine pollution. Average Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values of 0.56 and 0.70 were obtained for daily and monthly stream flow calibration, respectively, while those for validation were 0.55 and 0.79, respectively. The best NSE values ranged from 0.06 to 0.42 for daily atrazine calibrations at four locations within the watershed and from 0.01 to 0.29 during validation. Daily and monthly R2 values at the St. Joseph watershed outlet during the atrazine validation were 0.35 and 0.63, respectively. Although NSE values for some water quality stations were poor, predicted atrazine concentrations compared reasonably well to measured trends at the watershed outlet. Pollution peaks in simulated atrazine concentrations were also within days of measured atrazine concentrations. The research showed that the temporal and spatial trend of tillage activities, which influences the timing and location of atrazine applications, together with application amounts have significant impact on critical areas and concentration levels of atrazine pollution. Uncertainties in observed data could also affect the model outcome. The results showed the potential application in early warning prediction of atrazine pollution and can be used to make appropriate management decisions to mitigate this problem.
A modified Bosch-type process for precise surface micromachining of polysilicon

We report on the study of a new plasma process for precise surface micromachining of polysilicon. The principle is based on the adaptation of the well-known Bosch process to polysilicon, alternating etch and passivation steps under inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs). However, instead of using ICPs for both steps, we chose to keep a C4F8-based ICP for the passivation step, while using a standard RF plasma with SF6 chemistry during etching. The effect of ICP power and gas flux over etch rates, etch profiles and selectivity was studied. It showed the ability to easily control the anisotropy angle using very few parameters, and was dedicated to the realization of micromechanical structures.
Performing Ergonomic Analysis in Virtual Environments: A Structured Protocol to Assess Humans Interaction

Virtual Reality (VR) systems provide new modes of human computer interaction that can support several industrial design applications improving time savings, reducing prototyping costs, and supporting the identification of design errors before production. Enhancing the interaction between humans and virtual prototypes by involving multiple sensorial modalities, VR can be adopted to perform ergonomic analysis. The main problems deal with the evaluation both of functional and cognitive sample users behavior as VR interfaces influence the perception of the ergonomic human factors. We state that ergonomic analysis performed in virtual environment can be successful only if supported with a structured protocol for the study both of functional and cognitive aspects and with the proper VR technologies combination that answers to the specific analysis tasks. An ergonomic analysis protocol is presented. It allows the assessment of the consumers’ response in term of behavioral and cognitive human factors, comprehending both operational and emotional agents. The protocol is also used to identify the best combination of visualization and haptic interfaces to perform the analysis. An experimental example, belonging to house appliances field is adopted to investigate the application of the protocol in the virtual set up.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Sequencing shop floor operations: a practical approach

Purpose – The work sequence indicated by a production schedule generated by existing scheduling techniques may not necessarily meet the need for efficient sequencing of day‐to‐day shop floor operations in a dynamic job shop environment. The purpose of this paper is to present a new practical approach to efficiently sequencing day‐to‐day shop floor operations of a job shop.Design/methodology/approach – A color coding and priority system is introduced to identify production jobs that are to be processed at work centers which have a work sequence preference for performing various jobs. Based on a realistic production schedule, a three‐phase sequencing method is developed to create a truly feasible shop schedule, with the most efficient work sequence possible.Findings – Specific features of the approach are presented and illustrated with a numerical example. It enables production jobs to be run in the best possible way at individual work centers. Various options of implementing the approach in practical appli.
Cable-Stayed Arch Bridge, Putrajaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

The core area of Putrajaya, the new administrative centre of Malaysia, will be surrounded by a large artificial lake bridged by ten bridges. Bridge 8, Jambatan Seri Saujana, is the world's first cable stayed arch bridge. The structure is a combination of two overhead inclined arches and a classical twin-pylon cable stayed bridge. The main span is 300 m and the sword-shaped pylons are 73 m high. The arches are made of cold rolled steel tubes. The deck is 32 m wide and is a double-box girder in cast in-situ concrete. Details are given of the foundations, pylons, bridge deck, steel arch, stay cables and hangers and construction stages.
Nonlinear-Aerodynamics/Nonlinear-Structure Interaction Methodology for a High-Altitude Long-Endurance Wing

Nonlinear aeroelastic analysis is essential for high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) aircraft. In the current paper, we have presented a computational aeroelastic tool for nonlinear-aerodynamics/nonlinear-structure interaction. Specifically, a consistent nonlinear time-domain aeroelastic methodology has been integrated via tightly coupling a geometrically exact nonlinear intrinsic beam model and the generalized unsteady vortex-lattice aerodynamic model with vortex roll-up and free wake. The effects of discrete gust as well as flow separation at various angles of attack from attached flow to the stall and poststall ranges are also included in the nonlinear aerodynamic model. A HALE-wing model is analyzed as a numerical example. The trim angle of attack is first found for the wing, and the results show that aeroelastic instability could occur at higher angles of attack. The HALE-wing model under the trim condition is then analyzed for various gust profiles to which it is subject. It is found that for certain gust levels, the elastic deformations of the HALE wing tend to become unstable: notably, the in-plane deflections become very significant. It is noted for the unstable solution of the HALE wing that the flow may be well beyond the stall range. An engineering approach with the use of the nonlinear sectional lift is attempted to consider such stall effects.
Use of Smart Card Data to Define Public Transit Use in Seoul, South Korea

In South Korea, use of the smart card to pay public transit fares has grown since its introduction in 1996. The proportion of smart card use in Seoul, South Korea, is more than 90% for buses and 75% for Metro. In 2004, the Seoul metropolitan government introduced a new smart card system that has a distance-based fare system, which requires the input of detailed user data, such as boarding time and Global Positioning System–based vehicle location. To investigate the reliability of smart card data, the number of users of every Metro station in Seoul, gathered from smart card data, was directly compared with data obtained from the Seoul Metro Company. By using two simple manipulations to include daily variations and the number of cash users, smart card data appear to be statistically similar to the surveyed data obtained from the Seoul Metro Company. By analyzing the line-specific proportions of smart card use rather than the average smart card use, the accuracy of the results is improved. From the results, it can be seen that smart card data show potential as a basis for describing the characteristics of public transit users, such as the number of transfers, boarding time, hourly trip distribution of the number of trips for different transit modes, and travel time distribution for all transit modes and user types.
The great smartphone soak-up

The electronics industry is all about economies of scale, and has for much of its existence been organised around major-volume markets. This pattern has been renewed with the advent of the smartphone, and the way in which the electronics industry evolved for smartphone platforms has encouraged innovation in other, often quite dissociated, technologies. The highly absorbent smartphone is gaining a controlling interest in how the electronics industry is evolving, as technology developed for it seeps increasingly into other markets.