Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of cytochrome P450 2C19 *2 and *3 variants with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese population

Background: Cytochrome P450 2C19 is a very important drug metabolizing enzyme. Meanwhile, CYP2C19 involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids, cholesterol, and other lipids. The current study aimed to estimate the association of CYP2C19 genotype with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 226 patients with glycometabolism disorder (GMD) and 349 volunteers with normal glucose metabolism (NGM) were genotyped for the CYP2C19 *1/*2/*3 using a BaiO TM gene microarrays system. Results: CYP2C19 double mutation genotype (*2/*2, *3/*3, *2/*3) in the type 2 diabetes group are significantly higher than those in the GDWD group (χ 2 =12.729, P=0.000). CYP2C19 double mutation genotype was also an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes (OR 4.960, 95% CI: 1.928–12.760, P=0.000). Conclusions: It shows that double mutation genotype may be related to the type 2 diabetes susceptibility. Double mutation genotype was an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and the risk of type 2 diabetes is five times higher than wild type and single mutation genotype. Furthermore, GMD cases with CYP2C19 double mutation genotype have a higher probability to deteriorate into type 2 diabetes.
Alcohol use and the Turkish-Kurdish community: a thematic analysis

Drinking alcohol to excess has been identified as a problem in the Turkish-Kurdish community in Hackney, East London. Whilst NHS services work to be inclusive, with the use of interpreters for example, there are still barriers, preventing this population from seeking help, which need to be explored and further understood. The single piece of research identifying the needs of the Turkish-speaking community in Hackney made recommendations for a more culturally appropriate care package, a more balanced range of effective therapies, and a more active role for BME community members in the training of health-care professionals. This study aimed to understand more about alcohol use in the Turkish-Kurdish community by collating the opinions and experiences of members of the community and the health-care professionals that work with them. Three focus groups were conducted: one with men only, one with women only, and one with health-care professionals only (mixed gender). A total of thirteen participants contributed to this research. Analysis was conducted within a critical realist epistemology using thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified: explanations for drinking, impact of drinking and help-seeking. Participants identified personality type, stress and culture as relevant to why an individual drinks alcohol. The impact of drinking was described as predominantly harmful, but positive accounts of drinking were also given. The findings suggest a need for NHS services to offer further support in helping the community to access services for alcohol treatment, but also to work alongside the community in creating more culturally appropriate services and to help reduce stigma associated with seeking help. A need to address wider societal concerns, such as unemployment, was also deemed important by the participants when considering factors that influence drinking alcohol. Future research might investigate how the impact of gender roles on help-seeking can be addressed in service provision planning.
Electroencephalogram Based Biomarkers for Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related progressive and neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by loss of memory and cognitive decline. It is the main cause of disability among older people. The rapid increase in the number of people living with AD and other forms of dementia due to the aging population represents a major challenge to health and social care systems worldwide. Degeneration of brain cells due to AD starts many years before the clinical manifestations become clear. Early diagnosis of AD will contribute to the development of effective treatments that could slow, stop, or prevent significant cognitive decline. Consequently, early diagnosis of AD may also be valuable in detecting patients with dementia who have not obtained a formal early diagnosis, and this may provide them with a chance to access suitable healthcare facilities. An early diagnosis biomarker capable of measuring brain cell degeneration due to AD would be valuable. Potentially, electroencephalogram (EEG) can play a valuable role in the early diagnosis of AD. EEG is noninvasive and low cost, and provides valuable information about brain dynamics in AD. Thus, EEG-based biomarkers may be used as a first-line decisionsupport tool in AD diagnosis and could complement other AD biomarkers.
Scoliosis and kyphosis

Severe forms of the disease that develop in the early childhood should be identified. These are caused by anomalies of the vertebrae and structural defects of the thorax. If left untreated, they may cause a significant reduction in lung volume, functional disturbance of the spinal cord and the development of a severe malposition.
Handbook of Drug Analysis: Applications in Forensic and Clinical Laboratories

Covers preliminary test and chromatographic methods in forensic drug testing. Reviews identification methods such as molecular spectrophotometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. Discusses the fundamental relationship between instrumentation and drug analysis. Evaluates the characteristics and pretreatment approaches for common sample categories. Presents in-depth test result interpretation on issues commonly encountered in workplace drug urinalysis. Analyzes and compares performance characteristics of immunoassays commonly used for workplace drug urinalysis.
Factors Influencing Change in Behavior Among Residents With Drug Addiction in a Mental Hospital in Ghana

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the factors that influence the achievement of the state of sobriety in a drug addiction rehabilitation center. Materials and Methods: A qualitative research approach using an exploratory descriptive design was used. In-depth interviews of 12 residents who received care at a drug addiction rehabilitation center in southern Ghana were interviewed using a semistructured interview guide. The participants (residents) were purposively selected for the study from December 2015 to May 2016. The average length of each interview was about an hour. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis. Results: The research revealed that the attitude of health professionals/counselors, residents, and their social support network influenced the change process. Moreover, discomfort produced by drugs/substances and a broadened knowledge base in drugs/substances influenced change. Conclusions: The factors that influenced behavior change were multifactorial. However, positive and negative human factors and the rehabilitation program were instrumental. No single change agent could bring about the desired behavioral change in drug addiction rehabilitation.
A Comparative Study of Data Mining Methods to Diagnose Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer becomes a major cause of cancer deaths in women around the world. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of different data mining methods to diagnose the malignant cancer samples. Different data mining algorithms (SVM, Naïve Bayes, and KNN) has been applied on four different medical tests (Biopsy, Cytology, Hinselmann, and Schiller) as four different target variables. The attributes influence the disease most is extracted since the disease has no symptoms in the early stage. The extraction involved over 32 attributes and two different algorithms such as Correlation-based Filter (CFS) and Random Forest. The results showed that the performance of Naïve Bayes classifier outperforms other classifiers after evaluation using 10-fold cross-validation method in R environment. In addition, the use of attribute selection has been proved not only can select the highly important attributes but also to increase the performance of all classifiers on cervical cancer dataset. In this study, the work reveals the classifiers can effectively achieve the best performance with the least number of highly important attributes.
Vitamin B12 deficiency presenting as pseudo-thrombotic microangiopathy: a case report and literature review

Abstract Pseudo-thrombotic microangiopathy (pseudo-TMA) is a recognized, yet uncommon, clinical presentation of vitamin B12 deficiency. Patients with pseudo-TMA present with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), thrombocytopenia and schistocytes. They are often misdiagnosed as thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP) and receive unnecessary therapy. Here, we report a case of a 60-year-old male who presented with thrombocytopenia and normocytic normochromic anemia. Anemia work-up was remarkable for severe B12 deficiency (<60 pg/mL) and a positive non-immune hemolysis panel. Peripheral smear was reviewed and showed anisocytes, poikilocytes, schistocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils. Vitamin B12 replacement (1000 mcg IM daily) was started, ADAMTS13 activity was sent and daily plasmapheresis was initiated. Over the next 3 days, the patient’s hemoglobin and platelets were stable and the hemolysis panel showed gradual improvement. On day 4, ADAMTS13 activity results came back normal at 61%. Accordingly, plasmapheresis was discontinued, parenteral B12 replacement was continued and that resulted in gradual improvement and eventually cessation of hemolysis and normalization of hemoglobin and platelets. In this patient, parietal cell autoantibodies were positive and so the diagnosis of pernicious anemia was made. Patients with severe vitamin B12 deficiency may present with features mimicking TTP such as MAHA, thrombocytopenia and schistocytosis. An early and accurate diagnosis of pseudo-TMA has a critical clinical impact with respect to administering the correct treatment with vitamin B12 replacement and avoiding, or shortening the duration of, unnecessary therapy with plasmapheresis.
Aorto-Coronary Haemodynamics: Studies in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

s arising from this thesis: 1. Impaired Coronary Microvascular Function in End-Stage Renal Failure. Nelson AJ, Dundon BK, Worthley SG, Puri R, Torpey DK, Richardson JD, Wong DT, Bannister KM, Faull RJ, Worthley MI. Heart Lung Circ. 2012;21(1):S41-42 2. Aorto-coronary Haemodynamics: Aortic Distensibility and Coronary Flow Reserve. Nelson AJ, Puri R, Cameron JD, Dundon BK, Richardson JD, Wong DTL, Worthley SG; Worthley MI. Heart Lung Circ. 2012;21(1):S10-11 3. Proximal aortic stiffness in the paediatric adolescent population. Nelson AJ, Cameron JD, Kaihui AC, Carbone A, Willoughby SR, Worthley SG, Worthley MI. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2011;13(Suppl 1):P389 4. Arterial Stiffness Predicts Myocardial Perfusion Reserve: An Adenosine Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study. Wong DTL, Chew DCH, Cameron JD, Nelson AJ, Meredith IT, Worthley SG, Worthley MI. Heart Lung Circ.
The Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Biofeedback on Chronic Psychosomatic Low Back Pain

Background: Mental processes can make the pain and quality of life of women with chronic psychosomatic low back pain better or worse. acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and biofeedback have on some psychosomatic disorder. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ACT and biofeedback on severity and duration of pain and quality of life among women with chronic psychosomatic low back pain. Materials & Methods: This three-group Pre-test and post-test controlled quasi-experimental study was conducted from September 2016 to June 2017. Thirty women with chronic psychosomatic low back pain were conveniently recruited from Rasht pain clinic, Rasht, Iran, and randomly allocated to three ten-person groups including ACT, biofeedback, and control groups. Data were collected before and after the study intervention using the McGill Pain Questionnaire and the short version of the World Health Organization quality of life (QOL) survey. Data analysis was performed using the one-way analysis of variance as well as the Chi-square, the paired-sample Test, and post-hoc Scheffe Tests. Results: Both ACT and biofeedback interventions significantly and similarly reduce severity and duration of pain and improve the quality of life. ACT had significant effects on the psychological, social, and environmental health domains of quality of life, while biofeedback had significant effects only on the physical health domain. Conclusion: ACT and biofeedback are effective on psychosomatic low back pain. Unlike the ACT, biofeedback has significant effect on the physical health aspect of QOL and it has no effects on the other aspects of QOL.
Correlation of body composition by computerized tomography and metabolic parameters with survival of nivolumab-treated lung cancer patients

Purpose Weight loss is a well-recognized prognostic parameter for survival of lung cancer patients. Computerized-tomography (CT)-based analysis of body composition and blood-based metabolic evaluation are promising prognostic tools. We aimed to assess the correlation between albumin, body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), fat mass index (FMI) and weight change, as well as their correlation with survival of lung cancer patients on nivolumab treatment. Methods Data were retrospectively collected. Weight was measured at a diagnosis of stage 4 disease and before start of nivolumab. Albumin levels were measured before starting nivolumab. BMI, SMI, FFMI, and FMI were evaluated from CT scans performed at start of nivolumab. Overall survival (OS) was from starting of nivolumab to death or censured at last follow-up. Statistical analysis was done to identify correlation between the various factors and between those factors and survival. Results Forty-six patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were included. Median follow-up was 22 months. Pathology was Adenocarcinoma/Squamous/non-other specified in 25/15/6 respectively. All patients received nivolumab as an advanced-line treatment for stage IV NSCLC. We observed a significant correlation of weight loss (P=0.01, HR=2.85) and albumin (P=0.043, HR=0.34) with OS in multivariate analysis. A significant correlation was found between BMI to SMI, FFMI, FMI, and weight change. Conclusion Weight loss and low albumin levels are significant negative prognostic factors for NSCLC patients on immunotherapy. CT-based parameters of body composition remain to be proven as more reliable than standard clinical parameters.
The Association Between Carbohydrate Antigen 125 and Clinical Severity of Heart Failure

Kalp yetmezligi (KY) olan hastalarda karbonhidrat antijeni (CA) 125 ve brain natriuretik peptidi (BNP) seviyeleri artar. Bu calismada KY'li hastalarda CA 125 ve BNP duzeylerini arastirmayi ve bu biyomarkerlar ile fonksiyonel kapasite arasindaki olasi iliskiyi degerlendirmeyi amacladik. Calismaya toplam 48 hasta dahil edildi (28 erkek, 20 kadin). Ortalama yas 67.6. KY tanisi, anamnez, fizik muayene, elektrokardiyografi, telekardiyografi ve transtorasik ekokardiyografi ile konuldu. Tum hastalarin klinik durumlari NYHA siniflandirmasi kullanilarak belirlendi. KY'li hastalar NYHA siniflamasina gore iki gruba ayrildi: B grubu hafif-orta KY' li (I ve II) hastalar (toplam 20 hasta, 12 erkek ve 8 kadin, ortalama 65 yas) ve A grubu agir KY' li ( III ve IV) (toplam 28 hasta, 16 erkek ve 12 kadin, ortalama 70,2). Ortalama yas Grup A ve Grup B'de 70.2 ve 65 idi (p=0.078). Ortalama EF, Grup A'da %28±10 iken, Ortalama EF, Grup B'de %32±11 idi (p=0.0012). Grup A'daki serum CA 125 ve Pro BNP duzeyleri (CA 125=176.38 U/ml ve Pro BNP=36465.06 pg/ml), B grubunda (CA 125=50.7 U/ml ve Pro BNP=122.65 pg/ml) anlamli derecede yuksek bulundu. (p<0.001). CA 125 ve pro BNP, kalp yetmezligi hastalarinin degerlendirmesinde umut verici bir biyobelirtectir. CA 125 serum seviyesi ile HF evresi arasinsa istatistiksel anlamli iliski vardir.
The thymus gland : diagnosis and surgical management

Synopsis. - Anatomy. - Changes with Aging. - Physiology. - Thymic Diseases. - Myasthenia Gravis. - Thymus and Thymoma in Myasthenia Gravis Patients. - Surgical Pathology. - Radiology. - Thymectomy. - Perioperative Management for Thymectomy. - Systemic Treatment of Thymoma. - Radiotherapy in the Management of Thymoma. - Overview of Thymic Surgery and Prospective Strategy for Thymic Diseases.
Identification of key candidate genes and pathways in glioblastoma by integrated bioinformatical analysis

Glioblastoma (GBM), characterized by high morbidity and mortality, is one of the most common lethal diseases worldwide. To identify the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of GBM, three cohort profile datasets (GSE50161, GSE90598 and GSE104291) were integrated and thoroughly analyzed; these datasets included 57 GBM cases and 22 cases of normal brain tissue. The current study identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and analyzed potential candidate genes and pathways. Additionally, a DEGs-associated protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established for further investigation. Then, the hub genes associated with prognosis were identified using a Kaplan-Meier analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Firstly, the current study identified 378 consistent DEGs (240 upregulated and 138 downregulated). Secondly, a cluster analysis of the DEGs was performed based on functions of the DEGs and signaling pathways were analyzed using the enrichment analysis tool on DAVID. Thirdly, 245 DEGs were identified using PPI network analysis. Among them, two co-expression modules comprising of 30 and 27 genes, respectively, and 35 hub genes were identified using Cytoscape MCODE. Finally, Kaplan-Meier analysis of the hub genes revealed that the increased expression of calcium-binding protein 1 (CABP1) was negatively associated with relapse-free survival. To summarize, all enriched Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways may participate in mechanisms underlying GBM occurrence and progression, however further studies are required. CABP1 may be a key gene associated with the biological process of GBM development and may be involved in a crucial mechanism of GBM progression.
Effects of Osteocalcin on Synthesis of Testosterone and INSL3 during Adult Leydig Cell Differentiation

Proliferation and differentiation of adult Leydig cells are mainly completed in puberty. In many studies, apart from normal postnatal development process, it is widely indicated that, through administrating EDS, Leydig cell population is eliminated and regenerated. It is believed that osteocalcin released from osteoblasts, which is responsible for modulating bone metabolism, induces testosterone production in Leydig cells, independent of the HPG axis. In addition, INSL3 produced by Leydig cells, such as testosterone, plays a critical role in bone metabolism and is known to reflect the development process and functional capacities of Leydig cells. This study is aimed at investigating OC-mediated testosterone regulation and INSL3 synthesis during differentiation of adult Leydig cells that are independent of LH. For this purpose, male rats were divided into 2 groups: prepubertal normal rats and adult EDS-injected rats. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups in which GnRH antagonist or OC was applied. After adult Leydig cells completed their development, testicular tissue samples obtained from the sacrificed rats were examined by light-electron microscopic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods. Slight upregulation in 3βHSD, INSL3, and GPRC6A expressions along with the increase in serum testosterone levels was observed in groups treated with osteocalcin against GnRH antagonist. In addition, biochemical and microscopic findings in osteocalcin treated groups were similar to those in control groups. While there was no significant difference in the number of Leydig cells reported, the presence of a significant upregulation in INSL3 and GPRC6A expressions and the increase in serum testosterone and ucOC levels were observed. After evaluation of findings altogether, it is put forward that, for the first time in this study, although osteocalcin treatment made no significant difference in the number of Leydig cells, it increased the level of testosterone through improving the function of existing adult Leydig cells during normal postnatal development process and post-EDS regeneration. This positive correlation between osteocalcin-testosterone and osteocalcin-INSL3 is concluded to be independent of LH at in vivo conditions.
The Role of p120catenin in the Initiation and Dissemination of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer mortality, the overwhelming majority of which is due to metastasis. The mechanisms of dissemination have been intensively studied, but questions remain as to how epithelial properties are regulated between the primary tumor site and destination as well as to how organotropic patterns of metastasis are determined. We demonstrate, using multiple complementary mouse models, that liver and lung metastatic organotropism in pancreatic cancer is dependent on p120catenin (p120ctn)-mediated epithelial identity. Monoallelic p120ctn loss accelerates KrasG12D-driven PanIN/ PDAC formation and metastasis to the liver as well as being sufficient for E-CADHERIN-mediated cell adhesion. In contrast, cells with biallelic p120ctn loss demonstrate marked lung organotropism, although rescue with p120ctn restores liver metastasis. In a p120ctn-independent PDAC model, mosaic E-cadherin knockout shows selective pressure for E-cadherin-positive liver metastasis and E-cadherin-negative lung metastasis. Furthermore, human PDAC and liver metastases support the premise that liver metastases exhibit predominantly epithelial characteristics. RNA-seq demonstrates differential induction of pathways associated with metastasis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in p120ctn-deficient versus p120ctn-wild-type cells. Taken together, p120ctn-mediated epithelial plasticity may be added to the list of emerging concepts underlying metastatic organotropism. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Cell & Molecular Biology First Advisor Anil K. Rustgi