Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The CADE ATP System Competition - CASC

The CADE ATP System Competition (CASC) is an annual evaluation of fully automatic automated theorem proving (ATP) systems for classical logic — the world championship for such systems. CASC provides a public evaluation of the relative capabilities of ATP systems, and aims stimulate ATP research towards the development of more powerful ATP systems. Over the years CASC has been a catalyst for impressive improvements in ATP.
Joint coordination variability during overground and treadmill running

Using a treadmill to monitor locomotion is extremely convenient for sport and exercise research (Nigg et al., 1995). A problem exists if kinematic, kinetic, and metabolic or other variables, for example, are not uniform between treadmill and overground locomotion. As Nigg et al. (1995) suggested discussion about the degree of similarity between overground and treadmill running is inconsistent throughout the literature. For example, Schache et al. (2001), in their study of the three-dimensional kinematics of the lumbopelvic- hip complex, found subtle but significant differences in the sagittal plane movement of the hip joint. However, Williams (1985) concluded that the only significant differences in kinematics present between overground and treadmill running were at speeds greater than 5 m.s-1. Variability is inherent within and between all biological systems (Newell and Corcos, 1993). Given the huge number of degrees of freedom in the body, with its 102 joints, 103 muscles, 103 cell types and 104 neurones and neural connections (Kelso, 1995), it would seem that some degree of variability should be expected in all movements. Furthermore, as opposed to the traditional view that variability is error, variability is now seen as functional in many disciplines (Newell and Corcos, 1993; Hamill et al., 1999). Hamill et al. (1999) reported two separate experiments: one compared the effect of the quadriceps angle on coordination variability, whilst the other examined the relationship between coordination variability and patellofemoral pain. Variability in the coordination between body segments was seen in all groups, in both experiments. The former experiment was conducted overground and the later was conducted on a treadmill. Through visual inspection of the data (comparing the 'healthy' individuals in each study) there is evidence of decreased coordination variability during treadmill running. There is also evidence in the literature of differences in the amount of variability in angular kinematics between the two forms of locomotion. For example, Dingwell et al. (2001) compared sagittal plane ankle, knee and hip angles collected during overgound and treadmill walking. The results demonstrated significantly lower variability in the treadmill condition. Additionally, Nelson et al. (1972) reported reduced variability in the horizontal and vertical velocities of the centre of mass during treadmill as opposed to overground running. The aim of this study was to assess any differences in the variability of lower extremity coordination between overground and treadmill running. It was hypothesised that there would be significantly lower variability in lower extremity coordination in the treadmill condition than the overground condition.
Enhancing LDA-based discrimination of left and right hand motor imagery: Outperforming the winner of BCI Competition II

Due to the potential applications of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI), like producing rehabilitation systems for disabled people, many researches have been aimed at minimizing the error of BCI systems. In this paper, we used left and right hand motor imagery EEG data provided by Graz University of Technology for the BCI Competition II. We attempted to achieve a better misclassification rate while selecting less features compared with various former reported researches on this dataset. We used linear discriminant analysis (LDA) as the classifier due to its low computational cost and previously reported promising results. Furthermore, we investigated what features have major impacts on local or global minimization of the misclassification rate. Also, we briefly assessed the effect of changing window length on the misclassification rate. In this paper first, a set of various statistical, spectral, wavelet-based, connectivity, and chaotic features was extracted from EEG data. Subsequently, an LDA-based wrapper Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) scheme was used for selecting optimum subset of features for each data window. Finally, data windows were classified by LDA. We achieved less misclassification rate using less features compared with previous LDA-based researches and the winner of BCI competition II on the same dataset. Also, the absolute mean of the third-level wavelet detail coefficients (related to μ-band) and the skewness were the two features that together yielded the best local discrimination results.
Crystalline surface protein of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius.

The surface ultrastructure of three anaerobic Gram-positive cocci frequently encountered in oral infections, Peptostreptococcus micros, P. magnus and P. anaerobius, was studied. The type strains of P. micros (DSM 20468) and P. anaerobius (ATCC 27337), several clinical isolates of both species and the type strain of P. magnus (DSM 20470) were included. Thin-sectioned cells studied by electron microscopy revealed a homogeneous layer outside the peptidoglycan layer in P. anaerobius. In P. micros and P. magnus a more amorphous layer was present. No periodic structures were seen in negatively stained whole cells of these three species. However, in freeze-etched cells of P. anaerobius a crystalline surface protein layer (S-layer) was detected. No periodicity was seen in any of the P. micros strains or the P. magnus type strain by the methods used, but a periodic pattern was observed in negatively stained specimens of cell wall fragments of sonicated P. anaerobius cells. No capsular material was visible outside the S-layer in P. anaerobius. The cells of the Peptostreptococcus spp. were extracted for 30 min with detergents and urea. One per cent SDS and M urea both extracted a major 78 kDa protein from all strains of P anaerobius. Extraction of P. micros and P. magnus cells did not reveal any major protein bands comparable to that of P. anaerobius. Surface biotinylation of cells followed by Western blotting and detection by alkaline-phosphatase-conjugated extravidin showed strong staining of the 78 kDa band in P. anaerobius, further indicating that this molecule is located on the surface of the cell and is the S-protein. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Management of d-PTFE Membrane Exposure for Having Final Clinical Success.

R econstruction of alveolar bone atrophy by means of nonresorbable membrane is a well-known technique. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (e-PTFE) classically required perfect soft tissue closure to prevent wound dehiscence. The consequence of membrane exposure ranges from a minor problem necessitating membrane removal to a major problem including treatment failure and implant loss. In the last few years, e-PTFE membrane has been discontinued from the dental market. An alternative to this barrier is the high-density polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE) membrane. It is a nonresorbable device made of a high-density PTFE with submicron (,0.3 lm) porosity size that has been originally tested in postextraction sockets without primary soft tissue closure. Thanks to its structure, the d-PTFE barrier seems to have more resistance to bacterial penetration, protecting the regenerating bone or implant. Some authors have claimed the possibility that this membrane may remain exposed to the oral cavity with reduced risk of possible complications, such as bacterial contamination, infection, and loss of the graft. This article describes the case of a d-PTFE membrane exposure and its management.
Estimating the parameters of signals modeled by the sum of three-dimensional complex exponential using matrix pencil method

This paper deals with the problem of estimating the parameters of signals modeled by the sum of three-dimensional (3-D) complex exponential. We propose a matrix pencil (MP) method which is a very efficient computational method to compute the multidimensional complex exponentials of the signals. This technique is applied directly to the 3-D data without forming a covariance matrix. Limited numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performance and accuracy of the proposed technique.
Physical education and academic achievement in elementary school: data from the early childhood longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVES We examined the association between time spent in physical education and academic achievement in a longitudinal study of students in kindergarten through fifth grade. METHODS We used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998 to 1999, which employed a multistage probability design to select a nationally representative sample of students in kindergarten (analytic sample = 5316). Time spent in physical education (minutes per week) was collected from classroom teachers, and academic achievement (mathematics and reading) was scored on an item response theory scale. RESULTS A small but significant benefit for academic achievement in mathematics and reading was observed for girls enrolled in higher amounts (70-300 minutes per week) of physical education (referent: 0-35 minutes per week). Higher amounts of physical education were not positively or negatively associated with academic achievement among boys. CONCLUSIONS Among girls, higher amounts of physical education may be associated with an academic benefit. Physical education did not appear to negatively affect academic achievement in elementary school students. Concerns about adverse effects on achievement may not be legitimate reasons to limit physical education programs.
Cloning of genes coding for L-sorbose and L-sorbosone dehydrogenases from Gluconobacter oxydans and microbial production of 2-keto-L-gulonate, a precursor of L-ascorbic acid, in a recombinant G. oxydans strain

We have purified L-sorbose dehydrogenase (SDH) and L-sorbosone dehydrogenase (SNDH) from Gluconobacter oxydans T-100 that showed an ability to convert D-sorbitol to 2-keto-L-gulonate (2-KLGA). A genomic library of Gluconobacter oxydans T-100 was screened with a probe, a 180-bp PCR product which was obtained from degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotides based on the elucidated sequence of the purified SDH (used as primers) and the genomic DNA of G. oxydans T-100 (used as a template). From sequencing of the DNA from a clone positive to the probe, the SNDH and the SDH were estimated to be coded in sequential open reading frames with 1,497 and 1,599 nucleotides, respectively, which was confirmed by expression of the DNA in Escherichia coli that showed both enzymatic activities. The DNA was introduced to a shuttle vector which was prepared from a plasmid of G. oxydans T-100 and pHSG298 to obtain an expression vector designated pSDH155. The production of 2-KLGA by pSDH155 in G. oxydans G624, an L-sorbose-accumulating strain, was improved to 230% compared to that of G. oxydans T-100. Chemical mutation of the host strain to suppress the L-idonate pathway and replacement of the original promoter with that of E. coli tufB resulted in improving the production of 2-KLGA. Consequently, high-level production from D-sorbitol to 2-KLGA (130 mg/ml) was achieved by simple fermentation of the recombinant Gluconobacter.
Alteration of the myometrial plasma membrane cholesterol content with beta-cyclodextrin modulates the binding affinity of the oxytocin receptor.

To investigate the effect of cholesterol on the oxytocin receptor function in myometrial membranes, we developed a new method to alter the membrane cholesterol content. Using a methyl-substituted beta-cyclodextrin, we were able to selectively deplete the myometrial plasma membrane of cholesterol. Vice versa, incubating cholesterol-depleted membranes with a preformed soluble cholesterol-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin complex restored the cholesterol content of the plasma membrane. Binding experiments showed that, with the removal of cholesterol from the membrane, the dissociation constant for [3H]oxytocin is enhanced 87-fold (from Kd = 1.5 nM to Kd = 131 nM), therefore shifting the oxytocin receptor from high to low affinity. Increasing the cholesterol content of the cholesterol-depleted membrane again restored the high-affinity binding (Kd = 1.2 nM). The presence of 0.1 mM GTP gamma S did not significantly change the number of high-affinity binding sites for [3H]oxytocin in native plasma membranes, in membranes depleted of cholesterol, and in plasma membranes with restored cholesterol content. The number of high-affinity binding sites for the oxytocin antagonist [3H]PrOTA was dependent in the same way on the cholesterol content as for [3H]oxytocin. Substitution of the membrane cholesterol with other steroids showed a strong dependence of the oxytocin receptor function on the structure of the cholesterol molecule. The detergent-solubilized oxytocin receptor was not saturable with [3H]oxytocin even at concentrations up to 10(-6) M of radioligand. Addition of the cholesterol-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin complex to the detergent-solubilized oxytocin receptor induced a saturation of the solubilized binding sites (Bmax = 0.98 pmol/mg) for oxytocin (Kd = 16 nM). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
BacMam technology and its application to drug discovery

The recombinant baculovirus/insect cell system was firmly established as a leading method for recombinant protein production when a new potential use for these viruses was revealed in 1995. It was reported that engineered recombinant baculoviruses could deliver functional expression cassettes to mammalian cell types; a system which has come to be known as BacMam gene delivery. In the field of high-throughput screening the failure of many common transient gene delivery methods in reproducibility and cell survival has caused investigators to routinely apply stable cell lines in support of cell-based assays. The ease of use, versatility, safety and economics of the BacMam system makes transient gene delivery a viable option in the high-throughput screening setting and in most instances circumvents many of the limitations of stable cell lines. Although a few pharmaceutical companies have embraced the technology, its use is poised to become more widespread with increased familiarity and the emergence of enabling products based on the BacMam system.
Clinical risk management of Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis spectrum

Clinical risk management concedes that risk is inherent to all health‐care processes. Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare but potentially life‐threatening reactions to medications. Risk management should be considered prior to starting, during, and after therapy. Prior to starting therapy, risks that need to be assessed include any specific patient groups that may be at greater risk for the development of SJS/TEN. Gene testing is in place for Chinese and Thai patients who are going to be exposed to carbamazepine. During therapy, it is important to recognize SJS/TEN as a possible adverse drug reaction. Diagnostic criteria have changed, and more data exist on drugs with an increased risk. Although there is no standardized treatment for all patients with SJS/TEN, options that have been used include cyclosporine, corticosteroids, and intravenous immunoglobulin. Standards of care are usually defined locally, but new treatments, such as amniotic membrane support for ocular damage, may need to be considered. Good communication skills are needed to allow practitioners to show empathy and to provide disclosure. Risk management after a reaction includes skills in acknowledging bad outcomes or error; freedom to say “sorry” as defined by “apology laws,” and knowing the rights provided by “Quality Assurance Conferences,” where the information discussed is protected. In other words, the patient is best supported after an event like SJS/TEN if the practitioner is knowledgeable about optimal care standards and their legal rights and obligations.
A description of competing fusion systems q

A mathematical description of fusion is presented using category theory. A category of fusion rules is developed. The category definition is derived for a model of a classification system beginning with an event set and leading to the final labeling of the event. Functionals on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are developed to form a partial ordering of families of classification systems. The arguments of these functionals point to specific ROCs and, under various choices of input data, correspond to the Bayes optimal threshold (BOT) and the Neyman–Pearson threshold of the families of classification systems. The functionals are extended for use over ROC curves and ROC manifolds where the number of classes of interest in the fusion system exceeds two and the parameters used are multi-dimensional. Choosing a particular functional, therefore, provides the qualitative requirements to define a fusor and choose the best competing classification system. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Mutual Coupling Reduction Between Planar Antennas by Using a Simple Microstrip U-Section

Mutual coupling is an inevitable phenomenon in multiantenna systems, usually reducing the system performance. Numerous works have focused on the reduction of this effect. The aim is maintaining the mutual coupling suppressing structure as simple as possible while having a high amount of mutual coupling reduction. This letter presents a novel structure suppressing the mutual coupling between nearby patches. It is composed of only a simple U-shaped microstrip, which reduces the mutual coupling considerably. The structure has been constructed and tested. The measurement results prove the high efficiency of this configuration.
A simple estimate for extracellular volume: too simple?

Extracellular volume (ECV) is the body water outside cells. It is also the volume of distribution of endogenous markers used for measuring GFR. Traditionally, GFR is calculated in children in relation to body surface area (BSA). Among the various BSA formulas used in most countries, the DuBois
Signal subspace techniques for DOA estimation using higher order statistics

Eigendecomposition based techniques such as MUSIC and its variants constitute effective methods for determining the direction of arrival (DOA) estimates of narrowband sources. A new strategy which extends the MUSIC algorithm to higher order statistics (HOS) is proposed for estimation of the DOA. Also, we present a new method for the estimation of the number of multiple narrowband incoherent and coherent non-Gaussian source signals arriving on the array which we consider as a significant contribution. The performance of the technique is compared with other suggested HOS-based methods.
Streptococcal erythrogenic toxin genes: detection by polymerase chain reaction and association with disease in strains isolated in Canada from 1940 to 1991

The presence of genes encoding pyrogenic exotoxins type A (speA), B (speB), and C (speC) and streptolysin O (slo) was determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to target specific sequences in 152 strains of group A streptococci. These included reference strains, representative M and T type strains, and strains associated with scarlet fever and pharyngitis collected between 1940 to 1991 and included strains from patients with severe invasive streptococcal infections. PCR amplicons were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis, and specificity was established by restriction fragment analysis. The frequency of occurrence for each target gene among all strains tested was 33.6% for speA, 99.3% for speB, 28.9% for speC, and 100% for slo. Strains of non-group A streptococci, recognized toxigenic bacterial pathogens, and pneumolysin-producing Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were negative for all targeted gene sequences. Detection limits in the PCR were found to be 100 pg of total nucleic acids for the speB and speC genes and 1 ng for the speA and slo genes. Isolates associated with scarlet fever, pharyngitis, and severe invasive infections showed statistically significant differences in the presence of speA, with scarlet fever strains having the highest association (81.3%), severe infections the next highest association (42.9%), and pharyngitis the lowest association (18.4%). Although no significant differences were observed in speC frequencies in isolated associated with the three disease categories, a genotype of speB slo was significantly higher in isolates associated with pharyngitis (54.1%) than in strains associated with scarlet fever (18.8%) or severe invasive disease (23.8%). Streptolysin O targets were present in all the isolates tested, and only a single strain (T-11-M-11) was devoid of targeted speB sequences, thereby demonstrating that neither speB nor slo is associated with any particular clinical presentation.
Seasonal changes in the fine structure of the basal granular cells of the bat thyroid.

The fine structure of the thyroid gland of non-hibernating, hibernating, and intermittently aroused hibernating bats was examined. It was found that in addition to the ordinary follicular cell, another widespread thyroid cell type is present in all bats examined. This cell is situated in the basal region of the thyroid follicle and is characterized by a cytoplasm full of secretory-like granules. In the basal cells of bats captured in April and June the granules consist of an extremely dense core and are of a uniform size averaging from 0.1-0.5 µ in diameter. In bats caught in August the solid dense granules vary greatly in size and large granules of diameters from 2 to 5 µ are common. These large granules are often found concentrated in groups in the most basal region of the follicular epithelium. Hibernating bats are characterized by partly or totally degranulated basal thyroid cells. The cytoplasmic granules in the partly degranulated cell vary greatly in appearance, ranging from solid dense granules to empty vesicles. In totally degranulated basal cells, empty vesicles fill the cytoplasmic matrix. The granular endoplasmic reticulum of the basal thyroid cell also shows seasonal changes, while the Golgi complex remains a well-developed organelle throughout the year. These observations suggest that the thyroid basal granular cell is involved in secretory activities; its possible functional role is discussed.