Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SetSearch + : Entity-Set-Aware Search and Mining for Scientific Literature

The ever-increasing volume of scientific literature calls for a better system to help researchers find relevant papers and summarize essential claims. Previous research has shown that a large portion of literature search queries are entity-set queries, that is, queries containing multiple entities of possibly different types. These queries reflect users’ need for finding documents that reveal inter-entity relationships, and pose non-trivial challenges to existing search systems that model each entity independently. In this project, we bring together a team of computing and biomedical experts, and develop SetSearch+, an entity-set-aware search and analysis system for scientific literature. SetSearch+ first leverages a data-driven text mining pipeline to extract typed entities for building entity-enhanced indices. Then, it adopts a novel entity-setaware ranking model for online document retrieval, which captures entity type information and relations among entity sets. Furthermore, it summarizes top-ranked documents into a concise, interpretable, and interactive concept graph, which enables a user to quickly grasp the gist of all documents and therefore accelerates the knowledge discovery process. Users can interact with the SetSearch+ system conveniently via a web-based interface. ACM Reference Format: Jiaming Shen1*, Jinfeng Xiao1*, Yu Zhang1, Carl Yang1, Jingbo Shang1, Jinda Han1, Saurabh Sinha1, Peipei Ping2, Richard Weinshilboum3, Zhiyong Lu4, Jiawei Han1 . 2018. SetSearch+: Entity-Set-Aware Search and Mining for Scientific Literature. In Proceedings of The 24th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining (KDD’18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/nnnnnnn. nnnnnnn
Funds of Knowledge and Student Engagement: A Qualitative Study on Latino High School Students

This article summarizes research conducted by a teacher researcher in a workingclass community. The participants included 10 Latino students, five parents, and five teachers. This qualitative study utilized narrative inquiry to construct the stories of all 20 participants in order to investigate how funds of knowledge is perceived, interpreted, and used by students, parents, and teachers in this high school community. Interviews, observations, document analysis, and photovoice journals were used to gather data. Findings indicated that teachers perceived funds of knowledge differently than students and their parents, which may result in a loss of instructional opportunities.
Brood parasitic European starlings do not lay high-quality eggs

Chicks of obligate brood parasites employ a variety of morphological and behavioral strategies to outcompete nest mates. Elevated competitiveness is favored by natural selection because parasitic chicks are not related to their host parents or nest mates. When chicks of conspecific brood parasites (CBPs) are unrelated to their hosts, they and their parents would also benefit from traits that enhance competitiveness. However, these traits must be inducible tactics in CBPs, since conspecific brood parasitism (CBP) is facultative. Such tactics could be induced by resources passed to offspring through the egg. Thus, females engaging in CBP should allocate to their eggs resources that will enhance offspring competitiveness. We tested this prediction in a population of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) breeding in southern Sweden. Previous research showed that almost all CBPs in this population are floater females that have yet to breed in the current season. We identified putative brood parasitic eggs through monitoring egg laying and verified parasitism using protein fingerprinting. We then determined whether parasitic eggs were larger, larger-yolked, or had higher concentrations of yolk testosterone or androstenedione than control eggs. The 14 brood parasitic eggs laid in active nests (those with clutches of at least two eggs that were eventually incubated) did not differ from controls in any of these characteristics. Ten dumped eggs, laid in nonactive nest-boxes or on the ground, were smaller and smaller-yolked than control eggs but did not differ in yolk androgen concentrations. The failure of our prediction could be the result of high costs of investing in eggs, lack of competition-based benefits for chicks, or physiological constraints on egg manipulation. Copyright 2005.
SANB-SEB Clustering: A Hybrid Ontology Based Image and Webpage Retrieval for Knowledge Extraction

Data mining is a hype-word and its major goal is to extract the information from the dataset and convert it into readable format. Web mining is one of the applications of data mining which helps to extract the web page. Personalized image was retrieved in existing systems by using tag-annotation- demand ranking for image retrieval (TAD) where image uploading, query searching, and page refreshing steps were taken place. In the proposed work, both the image and web page are retrieved by several techniques. Two major steps are followed in this work, where the primary step is server database upload. Herein, database for both image and content are stored using block acquiring page segmentation (BAPS). The subsequent step is to extract the image and content from the respective server database. The subsequent database is further applied into semantic annotation based clustering (SANB) (for image) and semantic based clustering (SEB) (for content). The experimental results show that the proposed approach accurately retrieves both the images and relevant pages.
Two explanations to the willingness to accept and willingness to pay gap plus an alternative

The gap between the willingness to accept and willingness to pay is the outcome of incomplete valuation. The problem therefore is more about completing the valuation procedure. The first part of the solution involves two items: one is the inclusion of the direct and indirect income effects and the other is the inclusion of the substitution effect between the numeraire good (i.e., income) and the good under consideration. The second part of the solution concerns the respective hedonic content of income, the good, and the setting. These two explanations point to a third solution that puts the setting together with the income and substitution effects.
Music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) in Alzheimer disease: Evidence for a positivity effect

Abstract We present a study designed to assess the presence of the positivity effect in music-evoked autobiographical memories or MEAMs. In particular, we sought to determine whether the positivity effect was evident in cases of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where a preserved memory for music in AD might also be reflected in an ability to retrieve memories associated with music. The positivity effect refers to instances where, compared to younger adults, older adults reveal a relative preference in attention and memory for positive over negative information. It is considered to be a hallmark of healthy aging. Three groups of participants—20 younger adults, 20 older adults, and 20 adults with mild-to-moderate AD—were asked to listen to familiar musical excerpts and describe any memories evoked by the excerpts. Word usage and topics in the memory transcripts were analyzed, as well as ratings of the memories provided by the participants in order to detect any positive bias or absence-of-negativity bias in older as compared to younger adults. Self-ratings yielded the strongest evidence. Compared with young adults, MEAMs for both groups of older adults were self-rated as less specific, but more vivid, more positive and less negative. In general, the characteristics of MEAMs reflected the effects of age rather than disease. For AD, MEAMs may reveal a sense of self-identity that has been preserved despite the ravages of neural degeneration.
High resolution mapping of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in two small adjacent Arctic watersheds on Herschel Island - Yukon Territory

Permafrost soils are especially vulnerable to global climate change and warming temperatures can turn them from carbon sinks into carbon sources. Estimates of Arctic carbon stocks are still highly uncertain, despite their importance to predict the magnitude of CO2 and CH4 release to the atmosphere. Because most of the Arctic is difficult to access, remote sensing techniques are particularly important to monitor the changing landscape. Recent studies have attempted to use spectral images, like Landsat, to estimate soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (TN). Most studies worked on a regional to global scale and use relatively coarse landscape classes. However, good, high resolution estimates of SOC and TN are crucial to estimates for permafrost related uncertainties in storage and spatial heterogeneity needed for Earth System Models. Furthermore, they are an invaluable step from data collection toward a process oriented understanding of the landscape. This project is one of the first to use high resolution images (1.65m GeoEye (4 spectral bands: blue-infrared), 2m DEM) to predict SOC and TN within different Tundra vegetation classes in a small twin watershed (4 km²) on Herschel Island, Yukon, Canada. Vegetation classes were based on indicator species and geomorphic disturbance levels. Remote sensing detection accuracy varied strongly between classes. Field based moisture measurements were most strongly correlated with the carbon to nitrogen (CN) ratio (r²=0.80, p<0.05). However, slope and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) which were extracted from remote sensing images have a statistically significant relationship to CN (r²=-0.56, p<0.05, r²=0.48, p<0.05). This suggests that fine scale estimates of carbon and nitrogen stocks are possible using few spectral bands from high resolution images. Given the high correlation of soil moisture with CN ratios we encourage further research to improve validation of satellite radar moisture information with field data.
Phylogenetic and pathotype analysis of Escherichia coli swine isolates from Southern Brazil

The current study evaluated the presence of virulence factors by a multiplex PCR technique and then phylogenetically classified the studied strains into groups A, B1, B2 and D, according to Clermont et al. (2000), in 152 intestinal and extraintestinal swine isolates of Escherichia coli. Seventy seven isolates tested were positive for virulence factors. Phylogenetic characterization placed 21 samples into group A, 65 into B1, 19 into B2 and 47 into D. Fourteen urine samples were classified as uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), nine were both UPEC and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and four were ETEC only. The most common phylogenetic classifications were B1 and D groups. Of the analyzed fecal samples, 25 were classified as ETEC. Phylogenetically, the group of higher occurrence was B1, followed by B2, A and D. For the small intestine samples, 20 were classified as ETEC. Phylogenetic analysis found groups B1 and A to be the most commons in these samples. Six isolated tissue samples were classified as ETEC and most of them were designated as group D by phylogenetic classification. The phylogenetic analysis could be employed in veterinary laboratories in the E. coli isolates screening, including the possibility of vaccine strain selection and epidemiological searches.
Suppression of force fluctuations in flow past an aerofoil

Force fluctuations on a solid body are associated with unsteadiness in the wake, e.g. vortex shedding. Therefore, the control of force fluctuations can be realised by suppressing the flow unsteadiness. A NACA0024 aerofoil closed with a round trailing edge is chosen to represent the solid body throughout this investigation, with the Reynolds number fixed at Re = 1000 and angle of attack α ≤ 15o, at which the uncontrolled flow is two-dimensional. A linear optimal control is calculated by analysing the distribution of sensitivity of unsteadiness to control around the entire surface of the body. The nonlinear effects of the calculated control, which can be actuated through surface-normal suction and blowing across the surface of the aerofoil, are tested through two-dimensional direct numerical simulations. It is observed that a surface-normal velocity control with a maximum magnitude less than 8% of the free stream velocity completely suppresses unsteadiness at α = 10° with an overall drag reduction of 14% and a 138% increase of lift.
Constraint Integer Programming: Techniques and Applications

This article introduces constraint integer programming (CIP), which is a novel way to combine constraint programming (CP) and mixed integer programming (MIP) methodologies. CIP is a generalization of MIP that supports the notion of general constraints as in CP. This approach is supported by the CIP framework SCIP, which also integrates techniques for solving satisfiability problems. SCIP is available in source code and free for noncommercial use. We demonstrate the usefulness of CIP on three tasks. First, we apply the constraint integer programming approach to pure mixed integer programs. Computational experiments show that SCIP is almost competitive to current state-of-the-art commercial MIP solvers. Second, we demonstrate how to use CIP techniques to compute the number of optimal solutions of integer programs. Third, we employ the CIP framework to solve chip design verification problems, which involve some highly nonlinear constraint types that are very hard to handle by pure MIP solvers. The CIP approach is very effective here: it can apply the full sophisticated MIP machinery to the linear part of the problem, while dealing with the nonlinear constraints by employing constraint programming techniques.
Who are the controlling shareholders? Degree and seniority of control, and CEO pay monitoring

Based on CEO pay monitoring in French listed companies, this study first searches for the relevant metric of controlling shareholdings. The equity share held by the largest shareholder directly or indirectly represented on the board of directors, plus shareholders acting in concert with it, is associated with effective control – while other blockholders, whether or not they sit on the board, and deviations from “one share-one vote”, do not enhance monitoring. Second, a panel threshold regression (PTR) model allows to identify various regimes of control. Four regimes are found in the degree of control. A threshold at about 10% of equity separates out “non-controlled” from effectively-controlled firms; three regimes of effective control are then identified. They are termed as “influential” (from about 10% to one-third of equity), “dominant” (up to about 45%), and “majority” (over 45%) controls. Specifically, CEO pay packages provide evidence of entrenchment for dominant controlling shareholders. Then, this study introduces seniority of control as a second criterion for effective control. The PTR model allows to distinguish two regimes termed as “new” and “long-term” control: new controlling shareholders need about six to eight years to reduce asymmetries of information and no longer rely on alternative monitoring devices. The study lastly discusses the relevance of discontinuous threshold effects compared to some continuous specifications found in the literature on ownership.
CHANGE FROM CLIMATE MODEL ENSEMBLES

Ensembles of climate model simulations are commonly used to separate externally forced climate change from internal climate variability. However, much of the information gained from running large ensembles is lost in traditional methods of data reduction such as linear trend analysis or large-scale averaging. In this paper, we describe a statistical method to extract patterns of lowfrequency variability and change from large ensembles. We demonstrate how this method characterizes modes of forced climate change (e.g., global warming) and lowfrequency internal variability (e.g., the Pacific decadal oscillation) in the CESM large ensemble.
A smart navigation and collision avoidance approach for Autonomous Surface Vehicle

Marine traffic rules play an important role for all marine vessels to reduce the collision risk, thus The International Marine Organization (IMO) defined The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) in 1972. All marine crafts including Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) should follow COLREGs to avoid the collision when they encounter each other at sea or other water areas. However, the target ship may be located at the position which can cause collision if the ASV is forced to make a COLREGs compliant evasive manoeuvre. Thus, the navigation system of ASV is required to have the ability to identify the encounter situation and determine whether the ASV should obey the COLREGs or not when avoiding the target ship. To perform smart navigation and collision avoidance, the encounter situation division diagram is combined with Artificial Potential Field (APF) as the guidance system. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed guidance system successfully achieved the navigation of ASV at open sea and avoiding collision with moving target ship for different encounter situations.
A Taiwan Southern Min spontaneous speech corpus for discourse prosody

This paper presents a Taiwan Southern Min (Taiwanese) spontaneous speech corpus primarily constructed and annotated for studying discourse prosody. The corpus contains monologuelike speech elicited from interviews. Eight hours of speech contributed by sixteen interviewees, evenly split by gender and age, have been transcribed and annotated. Transcription and the recordings were aligned at the level of syllable with the aid of EasyAlign (Goldman, 2011). Discourse annotation was done by identifying one-verb clausal units and labeling the strength of unit transitions to show the hierarchical structure of discourse using Grosz and Sidner’s model (1986). As for prosodic labeling, two major levels of prosodic breaks were identified,along with truncation and prolongation caused by disfluencies and hesitation. The present state of the corpus allows for research on the relationship between acoustic cues, prosodic structure, and discourse organization in unscripted speech.
Antiradical Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content of Extracts from the Stem Bark of Pterocarpus erinaceus

In this study, radical scavenging activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of hexane, ethyl acetate, n- butanol and methanol extracts of the stem bark of Pterocarpus erinaceus were investigated. Antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated with Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric method respectively. Methanol extract showed the best antioxidant activity with the highest total flavonoid content (396.61±3.48 mgE Cat/1g DE) followed by n-butanol extract (263.63±5.44 mgECat/1g DE) and ethyl acetate extract (224.71±7.32 mgECat/1g DE). However, the n-butanol extract showed a highest phenolic content (490.03±4.02 mgEAA/1g DE) than the methanol extract (450.50±1.52 mgEAA/1g DE). These findings showed increase in antioxidant activity directly proportional to increase in extracting solvent's polarity and flavonoid content.
Views of nature of science questionnaire: Toward valid and meaningful assessment of learners' conceptions of nature of science

Helping students develop informed views of nature of science (NOS) has been and continues to be a central goal for kindergarten through Grade 12 (K–12) science education. Since the early 1960s, major efforts have been undertaken to enhance K–12 students and science teachers' NOS views. However, the crucial component of assessing learners' NOS views remains an issue in research on NOS. This article aims to (a) trace the development of a new open-ended instrument, the Views of Nature of Science Questionnaire (VNOS), which in conjunction with individual interviews aims to provide meaningful assessments of learners' NOS views; (b) outline the NOS framework that underlies the development of the VNOS; (c) present evidence regarding the validity of the VNOS; (d) elucidate the use of the VNOS and associated interviews, and the range of NOS aspects that it aims to assess; and (e) discuss the usefulness of rich descriptive NOS profiles that the VNOS provides in research related to teaching and learning about NOS. The VNOS comes in response to some calls within the science education community to go back to developing standardized forced-choice paper and pencil NOS assessment instruments designed for mass administrations to large samples. We believe that these calls ignore much of what was learned from research on teaching and learning about NOS over the past 30 years. The present state of this line of research necessitates a focus on individual classroom interventions aimed at enhancing learners' NOS views, rather than on mass assessments aimed at describing or evaluating students' beliefs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 39: 497–521, 2002
AutoNet : Automated Network Construction and Exploration System from Domain-Specific Corpora

As a collaborative project funded by US Army Research Lab, our goal is to turn massive unstructured text data into structured heterogeneous information networks (HINs), on which actionable knowledge can be further uncovered flexibly and effectively based on user’s instructions. Taking advantage of open knowledge bases, we develop an end-to-end, data-driven system, AutoNet, with no additional human curation and annotation. AutoNet constructs a large-scale HIN from massive (user-provided) domain-specific text corpora (e.g., scientific papers) using our innovative phrase mining, entity typing, and relation extraction methods, and saves these models for later usage. After that, AutoNet supports two real-time functions: (1) discovery: given a few user-provided documents, AutoNet will construct a new HIN on the fly and highlight those new nodes (i.e., entities) and/or edges (i.e., relations), which are not in the pre-stored network; and (2) exploration: given some user-provided keywords, AutoNet will retrieve a related subnetwork from the large pre-stored HIN. We further design effective visualization tools for both functions. A demo video is available1.
Sleep Characteristics in Blind Subjects

The sleep patterns of ten blind adults and their matched controls were studied during three consecutive nights. The first night was allowed for adaptation. Significant electroencephalographic and quantitative findings were obtained from nights 2 and 3. Although alpha-like rhythm was registered in only one blind subject during wakefulness, it was displayed by 8 of the 10 blind participants of this study during REM sleep. This rhythm was also present during the N2 sleep stage. The delta phase of sleep was markedly reduced as compared to the healthy subjects. Mean duration of REM sleep episodes was significantly longer in blind subjects; in contrast, their frequency was lower than in the corresponding control subjects. Total sleep time and sleep efficiency was noticeably shorter in blind subjects. Atypical brain activity and quantitative sleep abnormalities found in the blind subjects may be explained on the basis of degeneration of cerebral organization and circadian rhythm alterations induced by absence of visual stimulation.