Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Label-free Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Etiolated Maize Seedling Leaves during Greening*

To better understand light regulation of C4 plant maize development, we investigated dynamic proteomic differences between green seedlings (control), etiolated seedlings, and etiolated seedlings illuminated for 6 or 12 h using a label-free quantitative proteomics approach based on nanoscale ultraperformance liquid chromatography-ESI-MSE. Among more than 400 proteins identified, 73 were significantly altered during etiolated maize seedling greening. Of these 73 proteins, 25 were identified as membrane proteins that seldom had been identified with two-dimensional electrophoresis methods, indicating the power of our label-free method for membrane protein identification; 31 were related to light reactions of chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and photosynthetic carbon assimilation. The expression of photosystem II subunits was highly sensitive to light; most of them were not identified in etiolated maize seedlings but drastically increased upon light exposure, indicating that the complex process of biogenesis of the photosynthetic apparatus correlates with the transition from a dark-grown to a light-grown morphology. However, transcriptional analysis indicated that most transcripts encoding these proteins were not regulated by light. In contrast, the levels of mRNAs and proteins for enzymes involved in carbon assimilation were tightly regulated by light. Additionally phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, the key enzyme of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase C4 pathway, was more tightly regulated by light than the key enzymes of the NADP-malic enzyme C4 pathway. Furthermore phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 1C, which was originally reported to be specifically expressed in roots, was also identified in this study; expression of this enzyme was more sensitive to light than its isoforms. Taken together, these results represent a comprehensive dynamic protein profile and light-regulated network of C4 plants for etiolated seedling greening and provide a basis for further study of the mechanism of gene function and regulation in light-induced development of C4 plants.
Epidemiological Features and Risks of Accidental Injuries Among Adolescents at Schools Environments in Dubai

Background: Child injuries are an important public health and development issue. According to a recent report by WHO and UNICEF, more than 2000 child die each day as a result of unintentional or accidental injuries. Objectives: To study the epidemiological features and risk factors of injuries among student at private schools in Dubai. Methodology: Cross-sectional study was conducted on students of grades 7 – 12, both males and females in Dubai’s private schools. The minimal sample size is 1000 student. Multistage stratified random sample with proportional allocation was carried out. The stratification was based upon regions (Deira and Bur Dubai), and gender (male and female). The data was collected from students by a pilot study tested self administered questionnaire composed of 32 items. Results: It demonstrates that most injuries happened due to falls (62%) followed by cuts (13%) and least involved cause (1%) was accidental poisoning. It revealed that most of the injuries (36%) occurred due to school safety measures and least (10%) due to student’s exhaustion. By noticing the association between injury severity and age it’s apparent that each age group is having the mild injury as the most common one than moderate and severe. For the association between injury severity and sex, it was seen that in both sex the most dominant type of injury was the mild injury about 89.6% in male and 86.8% in females. On the other hand, the severe injury was the least pronounced one in both sex forming 15% in male and 6% in females. As per the nationality association with the injury type, it can be noticed that both nationalities have the mild injuries the most common one, 90.3% in UAE nationals and 88.4% in non-UAE nationals. Conclusions: School related unintentional injuries reflected and highlighted an important issue that must be considered carefully, especially among preparatory grades students as this age group has unique life style characteristics. Unintentional injuries could be the result of several factors.
Optimization of motion estimation in H.264/AVC encoder for video conference application

The optimization of motion estimation in H.264/AVC encoder for video conference application is proposed. Firstly, an advanced diamond search algorithm is proposed. Then, for TMS320DM642's special architecture, a hierarchical coded optimization is proposed based on the intrinsic functions. The optimized encoder is tested on TMS320DM642 platform, which confirms that the CIF format sequence can be encoded at 40fps or so.
New record and distribution extension of the rare Atlantic Forest endemic Abrawayaomys ruschii Cunha & Cruz, 1979 (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae)

We recorded three individuals of Abrawayaomys ruschii Cunha & Cruz, 1979 in Chapeco, Santa Catarina state, expanding the known geographic distribution of the species in approximately 370 km west from its nearest locality. It is the second record of the species in this type of physiognomy, characterized by the transition of Seasonal Deciduous and Mixed Ombrophilous forests. Additionally, this is the closest record, about 200 km east, from the recently described Abrawayaomys chebezi Pardinas, Teta & D’Elia, 2009.
Large scale discriminative training of hidden Markov models for speech recognition

This paper describes, and evaluates on a large scale, the lattice based framework for discriminative training of large vocabulary speech recognition systems based on Gaussian mixture hidden Markov models (HMMs). This paper concentrates on the maximum mutual information estimation (MMIE) criterion which has been used to train HMM systems for conversational telephone speech transcription using up to 265 hours of training data. These experiments represent the largest-scale application of discriminative training techniques for speech recognition of which the authors are aware. Details are given of the MMIE lattice-based implementation used with the extended Baum-Welch algorithm, which makes training of such large systems computationally feasible. Techniques for improving generalization using acoustic scaling and weakened language models are discussed. The overall technique has allowed the estimation of triphone and quinphone HMM parameters which has led to significant reductions in word error rate for the transcription of conversational telephone speech relative to our best systems trained using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). This is in contrast to some previous studies, which have concluded that there is little benefit in using discriminative training for the most difficult large vocabulary speech recognition tasks. The lattice MMIE-based discriminative training scheme is also shown to out-perform the frame discrimination technique. Various properties of the lattice-based MMIE training scheme are investigated including comparisons of different lattice processing strategies (full search and exact-match) and the effect of lattice size on performance. Furthermore a scheme based on the linear interpolation of the MMIE and MLE objective functions is shown to reduce the danger of over-training. It is shown that HMMs trained with MMIE benefit as much as MLE-trained HMMs from applying model adaptation using maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR). This has allowed the straightforward integration of MMIE-trained HMMs into complex multi-pass systems for transcription of conversational telephone speech and has contributed to our MMIE-trained systems giving the lowest word error rates in both the 2000 and 2001 NIST Hub5 evaluations.
Development and characterization of antisera specific for amino- and carboxy-terminal regions of pp60src

Antisera to the Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein pp60src were produced in rabbits immunized with p60src purified from recombinant Escherichia coli. Immunization with isolated V8 proteolytic fragments of p60src resulted in antisera specific for the amino- and carboxy-terminal domains. The reactions of these antisera with pp60v-src and the normal cell protein p60c-src were characterized.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Benzamidine Derivatives Carrying 1,2,3-Triazole Moieties

Eighteen novel benzamidine derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazole moieties were synthesized. The in vitro and in vivo fungicidal acitivities of the title compounds and the arylamidine intermediates against Colletotrichum lagenarium and Botrytis cinerea were tested. The synthesized benzamidines exhibited weak antifungal activities in vitro against the tested fungi, but some of the compounds showed excellent activities in vivo to the same strains. Among the compounds tested, 9b showed 79% efficacy in vivo against C. lagenarium at a concentration of 200 μg/mL, and the efficacy of compound 16d (90%) toward the same strain was even superior than that of the commercial fungicide carbendazim (85%).
Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Emergence in Relation to Burial Depth of Brood Logs

Abstract The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.), is an exotic pest of pines, Pinus spp. , that was first found in the United States in 1992. A federal quarantine currently regulates movement of pine Christmas trees and pine nursery stock from infested to uninfested counties. The current national Pine Shoot Beetle Compliance Management Program requires T. piniperda-infested brood material to be disposed of by burning, chipping, or burial. The burial option requires that the infested pine material be buried at a depth of at least 30 cm. We tested this requirement by burying logs with similar levels of infestation at 0, 15, 30, 45, 61 and 76 cm and then monitoring for T. piniperda emergence. Logs were buried at two times during larval development (early and late) and in two soil types (sandy loam and loam). Emergence patterns from the two soil types were similar. Overall, 1,747 T. piniperda adults were collected from the 24 exposed control logs, but only 34 adults from the 120 buried logs, including 24 adults from logs buried at 15 cm, eight adults from 30 cm, one adult from 45 cm, and one adult from 61 cm. In comparing mean emergence density from buried logs with that of exposed logs, 98.6% mortality occurred at 15 cm, 99.5% at 30 cm, and >99.9% at ≥45 cm. Mean date of T. piniperda emergence to the soil surface was affected by burial depth and burial date, but not soil type.
The ciliary pattern of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule

The parietal layer of Bowman's capsule in man and rat has been examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. In both species, cilia were found to be present in a regular pattern occurring one per cell. The cilia differed in length between the immature and mature human kidney, but were consistently located near the edge of the cell nucleus. Since they are not numerous enough to have a significant propulsive role, we have postulated that they may have some other specific function. In addition to the cilia, microvilli were regularly observed on the surface of the parietal cells. They tended to be more numerous along the margins of the epithelial cells and, in contrast to the cilia, their pattern was highly variable. This variability probably indicates that they are transitory structures which can be increased or decreased in response to as yet unknown stimuli.
The contribution of [Ca2+]i to the slowing of relaxation in fatigued single fibres from mouse skeletal muscle.

1. The contribution of Ca2+ vs. cross‐bridges to the slowing of relaxation in fatigue was studied in intact, single fibres dissected from a mouse foot muscle. Fatigue was produced by repeated 350 ms tetani. The free myoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured with indo‐1. 2. The rate of [Ca2+]i decline after a tetanus was reduced in fatigue but this reduction appeared smaller than the decrease in relaxation speed. 3. Under control conditions, steady‐state [Ca2+]i‐tension curves were constructed from measurements of tetani at various stimulus frequencies. Measurements from the final part of fatigue runs, where both tetanic [Ca2+]i and tension fell relatively fast, were used to construct similar curves in fatigue. A comparison of these curves revealed a reduction of both the maximum Ca(2+)‐activated tension and the myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity in fatigue. 4. Calcium‐derived tension records were generated by converting [Ca2+]i signals during tetani into tension by means of the steady‐state [Ca2+]i‐tension relation. These records would represent a situation where tension responds to changes of [Ca2+]i without delays due to, for instance, cross‐bridge attachment or detachment. The relaxation speed of the calcium‐derived tension was similar in control and fatigue; the lag between the calcium‐derived and the real tension was about twice as long in fatigue. 5. Both the decline of [Ca2+]i and tension were markedly faster after a 10 s pause elicited during fatigue runs at the time of maximum slowing of relaxation. The relaxation of the calcium‐derived tension was also faster after the pause. 6. The function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ pumps was analysed by plotting the rate of [Ca2+]i decline vs. [Ca2+]i during the tail of elevated [Ca2+]i after tetani. This analysis showed approximately a sevenfold reduction of the pump rate in fatigue. 7. In conclusion, the rate of [Ca2+]i decline after a tetanus is reduced in fatigue probably due to impaired SR Ca2+ pumping. This is not the cause of the slowed relaxation because it is counteracted by a reduced myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity. Thus, the slowing of relaxation in fatigued mouse muscle fibres would reflect slowed cross‐bridge kinetics.
Strain-Modulated L-Valley Ballistic-Transport in (111) GaAs Ultrathin-Body nMOSFETs

Electron transport through the quantized L valley of (111) surface orientation is a possible solution to density-of-states bottleneck of GaAs. Quantization splits the L valley into L[111] valley pair and remote L valley pairs, L[111], L[111], and L[111]. The L[111] valley pair projects to the 2-D Brillouin zone center above the Γ valley and its population enhances the drive current. However, for a typical 5-nm thin body, the Γ-L[111] energy separation is still ≈0.17 eV and the Γ valley primarily governs the electron transport. We analyze the compressive biaxial strain effects on the energy levels and effective masses of Γ, L[111], and remote L valleys of a 5-nm (111) GaAs ultrathin body using a sp3s*d5 orbital basis tight binding model. We then evaluate the ballistic performance of a 10-nm double-gate device using an effective mass Schrodinger's equation with the extracted masses and band energies from sp3s*d5 model. Compressive strain promotes the L[111] and remote L valleys transport by reducing the Γ-L[111] and Γ-remote L valleys energy offsets. This results in a significant improvement in charge density and drive current. A compressive stress larger than 2.5 GPa brings the remote L valleys even below the L[111] valley. Under this stress condition, the remote L[1̅11] and L[11̅1] valleys govern the ON-state transport. The different wavefunction symmetries of L[111] and remote L valleys are the physics behind the stress modulated enhanced L valley transport.
Practice recommendations for the monitoring of renal function in pediatric non‐renal organ transplant recipients

The management of non‐renal pediatric solid organ transplant recipients has become complex over the last decade with innovations in immunosuppression and surgical techniques. Post‐transplantation follow‐up is essential to ensure that children have functioning allografts for as long as possible. CKD is highly prevalent in these patients, often under recognized, and has a profound impact on patient survival. These practice recommendations focus on the early detection and management of hypertension, proteinuria, and renal dysfunction in non‐renal pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. We present seven practice recommendations. Renal function should be monitored regularly in organ transplant recipients, utilizing assessment of serum creatinine and cystatin C. GFR should be calculated using the new Schwartz formula. Transplant physicians should also monitor blood pressure using automated oscillometric devices and confirm repeated abnormal measures with manual blood pressure readings and ambulatory 24‐h blood pressure monitoring. Proteinuria and microalbuminuria should also be assessed regularly. Referrals to a pediatric nephrologist should be made for non‐renal organ transplant recipients with repeated blood pressures >95th percentile using the Fourth Task Force reference intervals, microalbumin/creatinine ratio >32.5 mg/g (3.7 mg/mmol) creatinine on repeated testing and/or GFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Rapid genotyping using pyrene−perylene locked nucleic acid complexes

We have developed an assay for single strand DNA and RNA detection which is based on novel pyrene−perylene FRET pairs attached to short LNA/DNA probes. The assay is based on ratiometric emission upon binding of target DNA/RNA by three combinations of fluorescent LNA/DNA reporter strands. Specific geometry of the pyrene fluorophore attached to the 2′-amino group of 2′-amino-LNA in position 4 allows for the first time to efficiently utilize dipole−dipole orientation parameter for sensing of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nucleic acid targets by FRET. Using novel probes, SNP detection is achieved with advantages of large Stokes shift (115 nm), high fluorescence quantum yields and low limit of target detection values (< 5 nM). Rapid and accurate genotyping of highly polymorphic HIV Pol cDNA and RNA fragments performed herein proves the possibility for broad application of the novel pyrene−perylene FRET pairs, e.g., in imaging and clinical diagnostics.
Cognitive function and incidence of stroke in older Mexican Americans.

BACKGROUND Given the high prevalence of cognitive impairment in older Mexican Americans and limited longitudinal research examining cognitive function in this ethnic group, we conducted a study examining whether cognitive impairment is a risk factor for new onset of stroke among older Mexican Americans. METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study of 2682 Mexican Americans aged 65 years and older living in the southwestern United States. For subjects with no prior history of stroke and who completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline, stroke incidence was assessed after 2, 5, and 7 years of follow-up. RESULTS In Cox proportional regression models, MMSE score at baseline predicted risk of incident stroke over a 7-year follow-up period. For the unadjusted model, subjects with an MMSE score of 21 or higher were half as likely to report stroke at follow-up (hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35-0.69; p <.001) compared with those with a score of less than 21. We found similar results after controlling for relevant risk factors for stroke including age, gender, smoking status, education, body mass index, diabetes, heart attack, systolic blood pressure, and depressive symptoms (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.38-0.77; p =.001). Additionally, each 1-point increase in MMSE score was associated with a 5% reduction in risk (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99; p =.01). CONCLUSIONS Increasing MMSE score is associated with a decreasing incidence of stroke in older Mexican Americans. This study highlights the need for a more aggressive focus on identifying and addressing cognitive decline in the Mexican American population.
B005 A Long-Range Straightness Measurement with Motion Error Compensation

This paper presents a new method for measuring straightness with high accuracy and wide range. A proposed method is based on a simple principle; motion errors are detected with angle sensors, and these errors are directly used for compensating the measurement errors. In this study, straightness measurement experiments are carried out for evaluating the performance of the proposed method. In consequence, the measurement error of the surface profile is 0. 63μm with a measuring length of 160mm. Therefore, the experimental results confirm that the method can measure various surfaces with high accuracy.
Variation in Biofilm Structure and Activity Along the Length of a Rising Main Sewer

Sewers systems are dynamic in nature, with periodic variation of hydraulic flow and wastewater substrate concentrations. While various models are currently available for predicting hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) production in rising mains, they assume constant biofilm activities along the length and ignore the effect of substrate availability on biofilm development. To investigate variation in rising main biofilm structure and activity, detailed studies were carried out on a Robbins device setup, which was established in parallel to a real rising main that it simulated. The changes in wastewater characteristics, as wastewater traveled through both the experimental setup and the real sewer system, were monitored. The study revealed that the biofilm activities varied significantly with locations, with biofilm corresponding to the start of the rising main capable of greater sulfide and volatile fatty acid production than biofilm downstream. Analysis of microbial community composition of these biofilms showed a difference in diversity and abundance, both with regard to general bacterial populations and sulfate reducers. These differences were hypothesized to be a consequence of varying substrate types and availability along the sewer line. The results suggest that the biofilm structure and activity may vary considerably along the length of rising mains and should be taken into consideration for improved sewer modeling and when considering the overall effect of different hydrogen sulfide management options.
Exponential horn antenna excited by circular ring for bridging outdoor wireless LAN applications

In this paper, a circular ring is used to excite exponential horn antenna presented for bridging outdoor wireless LAN applications. The advantage of this structure does not require a waveguide feeding system. The purpose of this antenna design is to achieve unidirectional antenna which is operated at the center frequency of 2.45 GHz (2.40 GHz to 2.484 GHz). The characteristics of the proposed antenna such as |S11|, radiation pattern and gain are also demonstrated. The results show that the antenna have given a high gain of 14.6 dBi and |S11| less than −30 dB at the center frequency. The proposed antenna is very useful for bridging outdoor WLAN systems.
Use of cell and molecular genetic manipulation to improve pasture plants.

Cell culture and genetic engineering techmques can be used to develop improved pasture plants. To utltise these methods we have developed procedures for regenerating plants from tissue cultures of perennial ryegrass and white clover. In both, the plant genotype influences regeneration capacity. There was significant genetic variation among regenerated perennial ryegrass plants in a wde range of characteristics. Most of the regenerants were resIstant to crown rust and this trait was highly heritable. This rust resistance is being used to breed a new ryegrass cultwar. A system for introducing cloned genes into white clover is described. This capability is bemg used to incorporate genes with the potential to improve nutritional quality and pest resistance. Other possibilities for engineering genetic improvements in white clover, genes conferring herbicide tolerance and resistance to white clover mosaic wrus, are briefly outlined.