Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotype of Enteric Bacteria from a Municipal Dumpsite

The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance phenotype of enteric bacteria from the municipal dumpsite. A qualitative survey of the dumpsite was conducted to identify types of solid wastes and nature of interaction on the dumpsite. Samples were collected from different type of solid waste, including domestic waste (Dom), solid biomedical waste (Biom), river sludge near the dumpsite (Riv) and faecal material of pigs scavenging on the dumpsite (FecD). A control sample was collected from faecal material of pigs initially reared indoor (FecI) and shifted to scavenging on the dumpsite (FecIF). Total genomic DNA was extracted, and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified, sequenced and used to study prevalence of enteric bacteria. The same sample was used to isolate enteric bacteria that were later tested to 8 different antibiotics for their susceptibility phenotype. Solid wastes are not sorted in Arusha municipal. There was high interaction between animals and humans on the dumpsite. A total of 219 enteric bacteria from 75 genera were identified. Escherichia sp and Shigella sp (12%), Bacillus sp (11%) and Proteiniclasticum (4%) were the predominant genera. Most of the Escherichia sp, Shigella sp and Bacillus were from FecD, while Proteiniclasticum spp was from Biom. Some isolates from FecD had 99% sequence similarity to pathogenic Escherichia furgosonii, Shigella sonnei, Enterococcus faecium and Escherichia coli O154:H4. Over 50% of the isolates were resistant to Penicillin G, Ceftazidime and Nalidixic Acid. Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin were the most effective antibiotics with 81% and 79% susceptible isolates, respectively. Of all the isolates, 56% (45/80) were multidrug resistant. Escherichia sp and Bacillus sp (12 isolates each) constituted a large group of multidrug resistant bacteria. All Pseudomonas sp from Biom and FecD were multidrug resistant. There is high prevalence of antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria on the dumpsite. We report possible risks of spreading antibiotic resistant bacteria/genes from the dumpsite to clinical settings through animals and humans interacting on the dumpsite. This finding calls for a comprehensive research to study the shared resistome in bacteria from the environment, humans and animals using PCR and metagenomic based approaches to identify prevalence of known and capture new resistant genes.
Fully General Relativistic Simulation of Coalescing Binary Neutron Stars

We present our first successful numerical results of 3D general relativistic simulations in which the Einstein equation and the hydrodynamic equations are fully solved. This paper is especially devoted to simulations of test problems such as spherical dust collapse, stability test of perturbed spherical stars, and preservation of (approximate) equilibrium states of rapidly rotating neutron star and/or corotating binary neutron stars. These test simulations confirm that simulations of coalescing binary neutron stars are feasible in a numerical relativity code. It is illustrated that using our numerical code, simulations of these problems, in particular those of corotating binary neutron stars, can be performed stably and fairly accurately for a couple of dynamical time scales. These numerical results indicate that our formulation for solving the Einstein field equation and hydrodynamic equations is robust and makes it possible to perform a realistic simulation of coalescing binary neutron stars for a long time from the innermost circular orbit up to formation of a black hole or neutron star.
Spatial Dimensions of Trade Liberalization and Economic Convergence: Mexico 1985-2002

This article employs established techniques from the spatial economics literature to identify regional patterns of income and growth in Mexico and to examine how they have changed over the period spanned by trade liberalization and how they may be linked to the income divergence observed following liberalization. The article first shows that divergence has emerged in the form of several income clusters that only partially correspond to traditional geographic regions. Next, when regions are defined by spatial correlation in incomes, a "south" clearly exists, but the "north" seems to be restricted to the states directly on the U.S. border and there is no "center" region. Overall, the principal dynamic of both the increased spatial dependency and the increased divergence lies not on the border but in the sustained underperformance of the southern states, starting before the North American Free-Trade Agreement, and to a lesser extent in the superior performance of an emerging convergence club in the north-cen.
Information Extraction from Text Regions with Complex Tabular Structure

Recent innovations have improved layout analysis of document images, significantly improving our ability to identify text and non-text regions. However, extracting information from within text regions remains quite challenging because the text region may have a complex structure. In this paper, we present a new dataset with complex tabular structure, and propose new methods to robustly retrieve information from the complex text region.
Preliminary evaluation of the effect of juvenile hormone III and methyl farnesoate on spermatophore quality of the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 (Decapoda: Penaeidae)

Este estudio preliminar es un primer paso en la exploracion del efecto de la hormona juvenil III (HJ III) y el metil farnesoato (MF) sobre la calidad de espermatoforos de Litopenaeus vannamei. La HJ III aplicada cinco veces a una dosis de 109 ng g-1 de peso corporal (p.c.) durante 58 dias, no mejoro el conteo de espermatozoides en comparacion con el grupo control (P>0,05). La anormalidad de espermatozoides disminuyo en las regeneraciones sucesivas de espermatoforos de manera similar en machos tratados con HJ y machos control (P>0,05). Por el contrario, un total de cinco aplicaciones semanales de MF a 120 ng g-1 p.c. causo un incremento significativo en numero de espermatozoides y una disminucion en anormalidad de espermatozoides (P 0,05)
Hña hñu Amerindian population from La Sierra Otomı́-Tepehua ( Mexico ) characterised by 14 STR – PCR polymorphisms

The purpose of this study is to report allele frequency data of Hña hñu (Otomı́) ethnic Amerindian group population sample from La Sierra Otomı́-Tepehua (Estado de Hidalgo-Mexico) for 14 STR–PCR polymorphisms (HumTH01, HumPenta D, HumPenta E, HumvWA, D18S51, D16S539, D13S317, D8S1179, D7S820, D5S818, D3S1358, HumCSF1PO, HumFGA and D21S11). D 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Compensation Structures and Firm Value.

This paper studies the effects of the performance-based compensation system and the Age-Wage structure which pays lower (higher) compensation than the industry average during employees’ early (later) service periods. Previous studies show that both compensation systems have positive effects on firm value. The paper extends the results and shows the effects of the compensation systems on major factors of firm value. Empirical results using employee-wage data of Korean firms show that the Age-Wage structure contributes to firm value through the enhancement of ROA, cost reduction and an improvement in labor productivity, and the performance-based compensation system does so through sales growth. Keywords : wage structure, compensation, performance, firm value
Dimensionality reduction of quality of life indicators

Selecting indicators for assessing the quality of life at the regional level is not unambigous. Currently, there are no precisely defined indicators that would give comprehensive information about the quality of life on a local level. In this paper we focus on the determination (selection) of groups of indicators that can be interpreted, on the basis of studied literature, as factors characterizing the quality of life. Furthermore, on the application of methods to reduce the dimensionality of these indicators, from the source of the database CULS KROK, which provides statistics on the regional and districts level. To reduce the number of indicators and the subsequent creation of derived variables that capture the relationships between selected indicators multivariate statistical analysis methods, especially method of principal components and factor analysis were used. This paper also indicates the methodology grant project “Methodological Approaches to assess Subjective Aspects of the life quality in regions of the Czech Republic”.
Global sensitivity of aviation NO x effects to the HNO 3 -forming channel of the HO 2 + NO reaction

Abstract. The impact of a recently proposed HNO3-forming channel of the HO2 + NO reaction on atmospheric ozone, methane and their precursors is assessed with the aim to investigate its effects on aviation NOx induced radiative forcing. The first part of the study addresses the differences in stratospheric and tropospheric HOx-NOx chemistry in general, by comparing a global climate simulation without the above reaction to two simulations with different rate coefficient parameterizations for HO2 + NO → HNO3. A possible enhancement of the reaction by humidity, as found by a laboratory study, particularly reduces the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere, increasing methane lifetime significantly. Since methane lifetime is an important parameter for determining global methane budgets, this might affect estimates of the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. In the second part aviation NOx effects are isolated independently for each of the three above simulations. Warming and cooling effects of aircraft NOx emissions are both enhanced when considering the HNO3-forming channel, but the sum is shifted towards negative radiative forcing. Uncertainties associated with the inclusion of the HO2 + NO → HNO3 reaction and with its corresponding rate coefficient propagate a considerable additional uncertainty on estimates of the climate impact of aviation and on NOx-related mitigation strategies.
Exploitation of Power-to-Gas for Ancillary Services Provision (within the Context of Synergy Action TSO 2020)

The progressive phase out of fossil fuel power plants and the integration of variable renewable energy sources, driven by environmental directives striving for the reduction of CO2 emissions, is reshaping how electricity Transmission System Operators (TSOs) plan and operate the power system. The mitigation of uncertainty, which imperils the balance between generation and demand, urges the search of new sources of ancillary services, traditionally provided by bulky synchronous generators. In particular, the coupling of the electricity and gas sectors reveals promising flexibility solutions for power systems through energy conversion and hydrogen storage. The conversion of electrical energy into hydrogen, commonly known as power-to-gas, is enabled by water electrolysis in electrolyzers. Specifically, the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) technology can react very quickly to demand variations and thus it holds a strong potential for the procurement of ancillary services. This thesis investigates the viability of the integration of large scale PEM electrolyzer capacity into ancillary services markets in the context of the European initiative “Synergy Action TSO 2020”. The current framework of Dutch frequency balancing markets, voltage control and congestion management is reviewed, as well as the future European plans for the implementation of a harmonized and common frequency market. The conducted research includes the assessment of the technical adequacy of PEM electrolyzers with respect to existing prequalification requirements and the proposal of recommendations for the optimal participation in these markets. To illustrate the value of PEM electrolyzer support for electrical networks, a case study based on a realistic representation of the transmission grid of the Groningen-Drenthe-Overijssel (GDO) area in the north of the Netherlands for the year 2030 is presented. The case study is principally intended to examine the effectiveness of the provision of primary frequency control with PEM electrolyzers. The obtained results highlight how this technology can improve the frequency stability of the power system in comparison with synchronous generators, and more importantly for the future, how it can help alleviate the negative effects attributed to the reduction of inertia in the system.
Dynamic ontology evolution Conference or Workshop Item

Ontologies form the core of Semantic Web systems, and as such, they need to evolve to meet the changing needs of the system and its users. Most of current ontology evolution systems require user input during their processes. We propose Evolva, an ontology evolution framework, aiming to substantially reduce or even eliminate user input through exploiting various background knowledge sources. In this paper we present our ontology evolution approach, as well as our preliminary outcomes and future directions.
Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Mice Induced Impairment in Vascular Function and Reendothelialization via − Mellitus Endothelium-Selective Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Prevents Diabetes

Francois Y.L. Li, Karen S.L. Lam, Hung-Fat Tse, Cheng Chen, Yiqun Wang, Paul M. Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Mice Induced Impairment in Vascular Function and Reendothelialization via − Mellitus Endothelium-Selective Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Prevents Diabetes Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2012 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112. 108159 2012;126:1267-1277; originally published online July 31, 2012; Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals. org/content/126/10/1267 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the http://circ.ahajournals. org/content/suppl/2012/07/31/CIRCULATIONAHA.112. 108159.DC1. html Data Supplement (unedited) at:
miRNA pathway Drosophila miRNA-RISC formed in the Characterization of the miRNA-RISC loading complex and Material Supplemental

In Drosophila, miRNA is processed by Dicer-1 (DCR-1) from its precursor and loaded onto Argonaute1 (AGO1). AGO1 recognizes target mRNAs based on the miRNA sequence and suppresses the expression at post-transcriptional levels. GW182, a P-body component, localizes the AGO1 complex to processing bodies (P-bodies) where mRNA targets are decayed or stored. However, the details of the pathway remain elusive. In this study, two distinct types of AGO1-containing complexes from Drosophila Schneider2 (S2) cells were isolated and compared at the molecular level. The AGO1 complex with DCR-1 contained neither mature miRNA nor GW182 but exhibited pre-miRNA processing activity. The resultant mature RNA was loaded onto AGO1 within the complex. The AGO1 complex with GW182 excluded DCR-1, but possessed mature miRNA and showed no pre-miRNA processing activity. Thus, the AGO1-DCR-1 and AGO1-GW182 complexes correspond to miRLC (miRISC loading complex) and miRISC, respectively. The requirement for various domains of AGO1 in miRNA-loading and DCR-1/GW182 interaction was also examined. The Mid domain mutant (F2V2) interacted with DCR-1 but not with mature miRNA and GW182. The AGO1-PAZ mutant lacks the mature miRNA-binding ability but associates with either DCR-1 or GW182. The AGO1-PIWI mutant showed no Slicer activity but associates with mature miRNA. These results indicate that these domains are required differently for miRLC and miRISC formation in the miRNA pathway.
Ethnic and Language Identities among Finland-Swedish Young People

Abstract In youth many significant physiological and psychological changes take place. These identity changes are especially important for an individual’s identity development. However, questions of identity for young people, especially as they shift from childhood to adulthood, have become a central concern in numerous researches. Ethnic and language identities are bonds that hold a common social identification for individuals who view themselves as members of the same group. This study investigates the role and importance of ethnic and language identities for Swedish-speaking young people in Finland presented through an analysis of existing literature and documents on the matter. The data consists of essays written by 1012 (704 boys and 308 girls) ninth-graders from 12 Finland-Swedish high schools on the topic, “Me, a Finland-Swedish youth. ” These were analyzed by using a thematic analysis. The results show that ninth-graders feel that the Finland-Swedish culture gives them a stable foundation in life that affects their identity, health and well-being in a positive way. The language and Finland-Swedish culture appear to be important for the youths’ sense of belonging and happiness as well as for a sense of stability in a changing world. Thus, the results illustrate that their language is an important aspect of self-identity and a central part of their lives.
Interactive comment on “ Salinity changes in the Agulhas leakage area recorded by stable hydrogen isotopes of C 37 alkenones during Termination I and II ” by S

To the best of our knowledge we do not state or show in our manuscript that the oxygen isotopic composition of the water remains nearly unchanged. In fact, one of our conclusions is that the salinity shift we reconstruct based on our alkenone δD record is comparable to the salinity shift estimated based on the change in the reconstructed oxygen isotopic composition of sea water by Martinez-Mendez et al. (2010). As shown in figure 2 and 3 the δ18Oseawater shift is approximately 1 ‰ for TII and TI, although this shift is more clear in the TII records.
Effect of twist on load transfer and tensile strength in carbon nanotube

The discovery of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)[1] has sparked tremendous interest among the scientific community due to its extraordinary mechanical properties like high strength and elastic modulus[2] and semiconductor like properties[3]. Though spinning the CNTs into continuous yarns [4, 5] enabled the use of CNTs at macroscale, current spinning techniques are not able to reproduce the properties comparable to those observed at nanoscale. Motivated by this gap, a modeling approach is established to address the subject of transferability of the high strength properties from individual CNT to carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns. More specifically, a number of key factors that contribute to the reduced strength of the twisted CNT yarns are investigated. First of all, the effects of Stone-Wales defects on the strength of individual nanotubes are studied. It is found that the tensile strength of the individual CNT is not highly sensitive to the Stone-Wales defects even with relatively high ratio of defects percentage. Subsequently, molecular dynamics and mechanics simulation are performed to evaluate the load transfer mechanism and tensile strength in a bundle of CNTs. The goal is to find the most favorable twist angle for maximum tensile strength and maximum load transfer ability in between the CNTs in CNT bundles. Both small and large bundles have been studied to examine whether the results are scalable. This thesis concludes with a comparison of the simulation results with the analytical studies based on the mechanics of ropes.
The impact of information sharing on order fulfillment in divergent differentiation supply chains

Current information technology (IT), such as extended intranets (extranets) utilizing the components of the World Wide Web (WWW), makes information sharing between global supply chain partners feasible. Given this, an important issue is: What impact does efficient information sharing have on supply chain order fulfillment performance (specifically cycle time and inventory costs)? In this study, we focus on divergent differentiation supply chains (commonly associated with industries such as fashion apparel). We identify the impact of information sharing by simulating order fulfillment in this supply chain type and find inventory costs can be reduced while maintaining acceptable order fulfillment cycle times. This is true because information, which provides the basis for enhanced coordination and reduced uncertainty, can substitute for inventory.
Post-hatchling cranial ontogeny in the Early Triassic diapsid reptile

• Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. • Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. • User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (? ) • Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain.
Visual Hallucinations in Parkinson’s Disease: a Hierarchy of Impairments Involving Perception, Source Monitoring and Reasoning

Up to 45% of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) will develop visual hallucinations (VH) at some point in their illness. Although medication, depression, illness duration and ophthalmic abnormalities are identified as risk factors for VH-PD, specific perceptual and cognitive impairments may also play a role. The aim of this study was therefore to explore a hierarchy of low level perceptual processes, imagery and high level executive functions linked to reasoning in groups of VH and non VH PD. This study investigated 18 patients with non dementing idiopathic PD. Nine patients had a history of VH. The VH and non VH PD groups were matched for demographic (age, gender), neuropsychological (premorbid and current levels of functioning) and clinical characteristics (disease duration, motor symptom severity, daily levodopa medication) apart from presence of VH in the index group. The VH-PD and non VH PD groups completed tests of bottom-up object processing and recognition, visual imagery, and top-down executive functions such as response inhibition, response suppression, source monitoring and spatial and probabilistic reasoning. Compared to the non VH-PD group, VH-PD patients showed impairments in object perception and recognition impairments in cases when key identifying details were obscured. They also made more source misattribution errors, where self-generated images were misattributed to an external source. Finally, abnormalities in reasoning were evident. On the other hand, there were no differences between the VH-PD and non VH-PD groups on measures of visual perception using canonical views of objects, spatial perception, visual imagery, and other measures of executive function (initiation and suppression of responses, decision-making and self-monitoring). The findings are discussed in relation to models of delusion and hallucination formation.