Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Nurse Skill of Medication Administration via Enteral Feeding Tube

Background: Medication administration via enteral feeding tube (EFT) is complex and prone to errors. To reduce these risks, guidelines for the safe administration of medication via EFT have been available for many years. Objective: To improve medication administration via EFT in a Gastroenterology wards in the medical center of south Taiwan. Method: An education program was providing to improve medication administration via EFT. The assessment was used to evaluate the practice of nurse staff before and after education program. Interventions: Implemented interventions included: (1) developing a protocol for nurses about the techniques of administration of enteral feeding tube medication; (2) providing tabletop displays for doctors about the best practices for prescribing for patients with enteral feeding tubes; (3) developing a standard procedure for administering Nexium® through nasogastric tubes; (4) updating patient-education pamphlets about EFT; and (5) enhancing the quality of nurse auditing of enteral feeding tube and medication-administration techniques. Results: A total of 24 nurses was participated and complete the baseline questionnaire. Paralleling the improved awareness of correct EFT drug delivery procedures among nurses, the ordinary drug delivery error rate fell from 60.83% to 2.42%. The Special drug error rate similarly fell from 65.28% to 1.33 %. Conclusion: This project involved a multidisciplinary team of physicians, nurses, and pharmacists who developed standard protocols for EFT and specific medication administration recommendations for EFT, revised nursing practice standards, and greatly improved to overall medication administration process in patient with EFT.
Grid-based Evaluation Metrics for Web Image Search

Compared to general web search engines, web image search engines display results in a different way. In web image search, results are typically placed in a grid-based manner rather than a sequential result list. In this scenario, users can view results not only in a vertical direction but also in a horizontal direction. Moreover, pagination is usually not (explicitly) supported on image search search engine result pages (SERPs), and users can view results by scrolling down without having to click a “next page” button. These differences lead to different interaction mechanisms and user behavior patterns, which, in turn, create challenges to evaluation metrics that have originally been developed for general web search. While considerable effort has been invested in developing evaluation metrics for general web search, there has been relatively little effort to construct grid-based evaluation metrics. To inform the development of grid-based evaluation metrics for web image search, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of user behavior so as to uncover how users allocate their attention in a grid-based web image search result interface. We obtain three findings: (1) “Middle bias”: Confirming previous studies, we find that image results in the horizontal middle positions may receive more attention from users than those in the leftmost or rightmost positions. (2) “Slower decay”: Unlike web search, users' attention does not decrease monotonically or dramatically with the rank position in image search, especially within a row. (3) “Row skipping”: Users may ignore particular rows and directly jump to results at some distance. Motivated by these observations, we propose corresponding user behavior assumptions to capture users' search interaction processes and evaluate their search performance. We show how to derive new metrics from these assumptions and demonstrate that they can be adopted to revise traditional list-based metrics like Discounted Cumulative Gain (DCG) and Rank-Biased Precision (RBP). To show the effectiveness of the proposed grid-based metrics, we compare them against a number of list-based metrics in terms of their correlation with user satisfaction. Our experimental results show that the proposed grid-based evaluation metrics better reflect user satisfaction in web image search.
The Wintering Distribution of Great Grey Shrike Lantus excubitor in Poland: Predictions from a Large-Scale Historical Survey

Abstract. The wintering Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor was censused in Poland more than two decades ago (during the winters of 1988/89 and 1989/90). Single censuses were made during each winter on sample plots varying from 4.1 to 35.1 km2 (mean: 16.4 km2). Altogether, data from 404 plots, covering in total more than 6.6 thousands km2 were used for the analysis. Based on this data and environmental information gathered in GIS databases (Corine land cover “CLC1990” database, digital elevation model “GTOPO30” dataset) we modelled habitat- and spatial-related variation in shrike distribution. Birds were recorded on 45% of study plots. The mean density was 4.8 individuals/100 km2. In both seasons density in meadows was roughly two times higher than in arable fields. We modelled spatial distribution of wintering birds using combination of GLM and three-dimensional local regression. Models were cross-validated to check their temporal consistency. Repeatable spatial pattern of population distribution allowed to make predictive distribution maps. As a general rule, wintering shrikes avoid regions with severe, continental climate and prefer lowlands dominated by agriculture. On the basis of our models, population of the Great Grey Shrike wintering in Poland during late 1980s can be roughly estimated at about 7.7 thousands of individuals.
On the Suitability of PLC Pulses for Power Line Fault Sensing via Time-Domain Reflectometry.

This work discusses the suitability of typical power line communication (PLC) pulses for fault sensing in power lines via pulse-compression time-domain reflectometry (TDR). For this purpose, we first carefully outline a TDR system operating over a power distribution network, discussing its limitations and ultimately resorting to the pulse compression procedure. Next, we present closed-form expressions for pulses and their autocorrelation functions of typical PLC modulation schemes, namely Hermitian symmetric orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (HS-OFDM), impulsive ultra-wideband (UWB), and chirp spread spectrum (CSS). Furthermore, different metrics are used on the provided expressions in order to evaluate the suitability of the considered PLC pulses for providing proper TDR measurements, i.e., \textit{reflectograms}, in terms of resolution, effectiveness of the pulse compression, distortion, and range. Considering the scenarios of European underground low-voltage and US overhead medium-voltage power distribution networks, we finally carry out a comparative numerical analysis among the considered PLC pulses in terms of the aforementioned metrics for frequency bands comprising narrowband- and broadband-PLC, with a highlight on compliance to regulatory constraints. Based on the achieved results, we show that the use of UWB pulses allows the obtaining of a larger number of reflectograms in a given time interval, while HS-OFDM and CSS pulses provide higher reflectogram quality and better resolution for a given occupied frequency bandwidth. Also, we show that NB-PLC pulses are suitable for most distribution network scenarios, being the use of BB-PLC left for cases where very fine resolutions are desired.
Treatment Compliance and Social Support System in Persons with Schizophrenia

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Document Retrieval System Based on Topic Clustering Method

—Document retrieval aims to find documents in a collection of unstructured text to meet the needs of user information. The search engine was required in the document retrieval system to perform the entire process automatically, starting from the processing of document text in the collection, feature selection, feature extraction, query text processing and search documents relevant to the query. There were three main factors in improving search engine performance: the feature selection method, the method of weighting features in document collections and the method of searching documents in the collection. In this paper, there were some methods used to improve the performance of search engines. For feature selection, Term Frequency-Invers Document Frequency based on Luhn's Idea was used for document features selection. For weighting features, Fuzzy Gibbs Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used for feature extraction method to weight the document features. To search documents that were relevant to the query, this paper used a Document Retrieval based on Topic Clustering method. Through this method, all documents were clustered based on feature weight obtained through feature extraction methods. Clusters that relevant to the query term combinations were selected and all documents in the cluster were displayed as search results. The result showed this method can retrieve set of documents in the cluster that relevant to the query. Therefore, this method could eliminate the query-document distance calculation function in the retrieval process, so it was hoped that the search process would run faster.
Genetic Epistemology

Edited by Alvin R. Mahrer Predominant among the basic concerns of psychology and psychiatry is the classification of personality. This is the first book to gather and present a variety of prominent new approaches to personality classification and psychodiagnosis. Among the contributors are: Timothy Leary, Raymond B. Cattell, John L. Horn, Arthur B. Sweney, Maurice Lorr, Reuben Fine, Moll Harrower, Hans J. Eysenck, Alvin R. Mahrer, Frederick C. Thorne, and George W. Albee. $13.00
How candidate characteristics affect favorability in European Parliament elections: Evidence from a conjoint experiment in Finland

Previous literature has studied voter behavior in European Parliament elections. However, it remains unclear how candidate characteristics affect favorability of EP candidates since it cannot be taken for granted that these characteristics work as in national elections. We therefore use a conjoint analysis to examine how gender, left-right ideology, issue focus, political experience, representative focus, citizenship, and attitude towards European integration affected EP candidate favorability during the 2019 campaign in Finland. Results show that while traditional candidate characteristics matter, their impact is dwarfed by effects of traits particular to the EP elections. Hence, it is imperative to observe the particularities of EP elections to understand candidate choice.
Reply-Aided Detection of Misinformation via Bayesian Deep Learning

Social media platforms are a plethora of misinformation and its potential negative influence on the public is a growing concern. This concern has drawn the attention of the research community on developing mechanisms to detect misinformation. The task of misinformation detection consists of classifying whether a claim is True or False. Most research concentrates on developing machine learning models, such as neural networks, that outputs a single value in order to predict the veracity of a claim. One of the major problem faced by these models is the inability of representing the uncertainty of the prediction, which is due incomplete or finite available information about the claim being examined. We address this problem by proposing a Bayesian deep learning model. The Bayesian model outputs a distribution used to represent both the prediction and its uncertainty. In addition to the claim content, we also encode auxiliary information given by people's replies to the claim. First, the model encodes a claim to be verified, and generate a prior belief distribution from which we sample a latent variable. Second, the model encodes all the people's replies to the claim in a temporal order through a Long Short Term Memory network in order to summarize their content. This summary is then used to update the prior belief generating the posterior belief. Moreover, in order to train this model, we develop a Stochastic Gradient Variational Bayes algorithm to approximate the analytically intractable posterior distribution. Experiments conducted on two public datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art detection models.
Reinforcement Learning in Robotic Task Domains with Deictic Descriptor Representation

ion with an extended action called an option. An option is a closed-loop policy for taking actions over a period of time and can be treated in the MDP framework as a kind of super action with primitive actions being a special case option. The motivation for developing options was for improved learning performance. Note that using options does not give the agent/robot any additional “powers” as explicitly stated in the text “one can ultimately do just as well with primitive actions as one can with options” [9]. An option is defined as a tuple (Ι, π, β). The first component, Ι, is a subset of the MDPs non-terminal states and is called the the initiation set. An option may only be selected when the current state is a member of the initiation set. The second component is the option policy, π, defined as a MDP policy. The third component is a termination condition, β, which gives the probability of ending the option for any encountered state. Learning a task with options is accomplished in steps. The first step is dividing the task into smaller pieces. This is most often done by the teacher [17,19,32] but there are works [97] for automating the decomposition. The next step is learning a policy for each piece to develop each option. This learning may be accomplished with any of the standard reinforcement learning algorithms. The option learning starts at the lowest level and progresses hierarchically to the top level options. Finally, the overall task is learned using an action set which includes the previously learned options and perhaps primitive actions.
Effects of habitat type on short‐ and long‐term growth parameters of the European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.)

We studied growth characteristics of three different spatial groups (epipelagic, bathypelagic, and littoral) of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) fry occurring simultaneously in Rimov Reservoir, Czech Republic. We used the body size analysis as long-term growth indicator and RNA/DNA ratio as short-term growth indicators. The minimum body size as well as minimum RNA/DNA ratio, was found in bathypelagic perch fry (15.7 � 1.8 and 1.89 � 0.63 mm, respectively). The littoral perch fry was the biggest with the highest RNA/DNA ratio (19.3 � 1.5 and 2.53 � 0.59 mm, respectively). The intermediate values and high variation in both body size and RNA/DNA ratio was found in the epipelagic group (16.9 � 2.3 and 2.36 � 0.78 mm, respectively). These results refer to the presence of uniformity in the bathypelagic and littoral groups, and a possible mixing of individuals from different groups in epipelagic zone. Our findings suggest that the spatial distribution of perch fry is most likely dynamic system of continuous shifting of individuals among different groups.
Partial purification and characterization of metalloprotease of halotolerant alkaliphilic bacterium Bacillus cereus from coastal sediment of Goa, India

We partially purified extracellular metalloprotease of a halotolerant alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from coastal sediment of Goa, India, which was identified as Bacillus cereus strain CS1 based on biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence. Zymogram of partially purified enzyme clearly revealed two prominent protease isozymes of 210 and 215 kDa. Although, protease showed activity over a wide range of pH (pH 8 to 12) and temperature (30, 37, 45 and 50°C), optimum pH and temperature were 9 and 37°C, respectively. Protease exhibited extreme halotolerance upto 8% NaCl making it one of the industrially valuable enzyme. Among different carbon sources, glucose (1%) enhanced maximum enzyme activity (71U/ml), whereas, among the nitrogen sources, tryptone (0.2%) proved best to enhance enzyme activity (158U/ml). Ca++ ions enhanced protease activity by 7%, whereas, Cu ++ , Mg ++ , Pb ++ and Hg ++ ions inhibited activity by 91, 79, 87 and 77%, respectively. Among inhibitors tested, protease activity was significantly inhibited by Na2–EDTA as residual enzyme activity was only 21%, which clearly confirmed it to be a metalloprotease. The partially purified protease mixed separately with two detergents Rin and Wheel clearly demonstrated significant stain removing capability. Thus, protease produced by Bacillus is a potential candidate as an additive in detergent industry. Keywords: Halo-tolerant, isozymes, zymogram, metalloprotease. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(31), pp. 4905-4914
Comprehensive Study on MIMO-Related Interference Management in WLANs

With the explosive growth of smart devices and mobile data traffic, the wireless local area network (WLAN) faces persistent challenge on increasing the network throughput to meet the customer’s requirement. Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) is a promising technology to improve the network capacity and has been adopted to WLANs in current IEEE 802.11 standards. Interference management for MIMO-based WLANs has become a hot topic in recent years due to its huge potential in improving the network performance. This paper surveys the MIMO-related interference management mechanisms from both the single collision domain and multiple collision domain scenarios. It first provides some background information about the evolution of IEEE 802.11 standards, then introduces the MIMO-related physical layer and MAC layer mechanisms as preliminaries. After this, it investigates the current advances on MIMO-related interference management in both the single collision domain and multiple collision domain through the physical layer and MAC layer mechanism design. It also provides discussions on important findings and research challenges, and finally gives potential future research directions.
Morphological variation between lake‐ and stream‐dwelling rock bass and pumpkinseed populations

Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus and rock bass Ambloplites rupestris stream populations of both sexes were significantly different in external morphology from lake populations in a central Ontario, Canada, watershed. The predictions that stream fishes would be more slender-bodied, and have a more anterior placement of lateral fins than lake fishes were generally supported. The prediction that stream fishes would have a more robust caudal peduncle was partially supported. The prediction that fin size would be larger in stream fishes was not supported, as lake rock bass generally had longer and wider fins than those from stream sites. The results suggest that in some species, smaller fins may be favoured in stream-dwelling individuals because the reduction of drag during swimming more than compensates for their reduced power and propulsion efficiency in a current. Smaller fin size in stream-dwelling centrarchids may be related to their body shape, or to their low usage of fast-moving water within the streams they inhabit.
RDV: Register, Deposit, Vote: a full decentralized consensus algorithm for blockchain based networks

A decentralized payment system is not secure if transactions are transferred directly between clients. In such a situation it is not possible to prevent a client from redeeming some coins twice in separate transactions that means a double-spending attack. Bitcoin uses a simple method to preventing this attack i.e. all transactions are published in a unique log (blockchain). This approach requires a global consensus on the blockchain that because of significant latency for transaction confirmation is vulnerable against double-spending. The solution is to accelerate confirmations. In this paper, we try to introduce an alternative for PoW because of all its major and significant problems that lead to collapsing decentralization of the Bitcoin, while a full decentralized payment system is the main goal of Bitcoin idea. As the network is growing and becoming larger day-today , Bitcoin is approaching this risk. The method we introduce is based on a distributed voting process: RDV: Register, Deposit, Vote.
Seasonal shifts between autochthonous and allochthonous carbon contributions to zooplankton diets in a subarctic lake

We addressed the extent to which autochthonous and allochthonous carbon sources contribute to zooplankton diet throughout the year in oligotrophic subarctic Lake Saanajärvi. Optical measures of dissolved organic matter (DOM) indicated high water discharge and associated terrestrial DOM during winter and low inputs in summer. Bulk particulate organic matter (POM) showed δ13C values consistent with allochthonous inputs of DOM. The most positive POM δ13C values (−27‰) occurred during winter, when heterotrophic bacteria and nanoflagellates peaked in abundance; the isotopically lighter autotrophic phytoplankton shifted the POM δ13C to −29‰ in summer. The δ13C values of zooplankton were up to 4‰ more negative than those of POM, most likely because detritus and other nonliving material with higher δ13C values comprised 45–90% of POM. The δ13C of the cladoceran Daphnia umbra mirrored the trend of POM δ13C, indicating a dietary shift from heavy dependence on autochthonous carbon in summer to allochthonous or heterotrophic food in winter. The δ13C of the most abundant zooplankton in Lake Saanajärvi, Eudiaptomus graciloides and Cyclops abyssorum, remained low and constant in winter, suggestive of little or no food intake during the 8 months of winter. There are significant differences in the zooplankton utilization of nonphytoplankton carbon in different seasons and among species. Although autochthonous carbon seemed to be mainly responsible for the growth of zooplankton, the ability to utilize allochthonous carbon‐fueled microorganisms explains the survival of Daphnia through winter in northern lakes.
Cholesteryl cytofectin-oligodeoxyribonucleotide lipoplexes: Protection against serum nuclease digestion and interaction with mammalian cells in vitro

Submicron unilamellar cationic liposomes constructed from equimolar amounts of a cholesteryl cytofectin 3  [N-(N’,N’-dimethylaminopropane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (Chol-T) and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) were shown to bind a model antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) dT 18 in a saturable manner to afford electropositive lipoplexes. Liposomes imparted to the ODN [ 3 H]dT 18 A 7 full protection against nuclease catalyzed degradation in 10% foetal calf serum at 37 o C for 3 h, while under the same conditions the naked ODN underwent approximately 50% degradation. Liposomes also promoted association of ODNs to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells while at a liposome (+ve) : ODN (- ve) charge ratio of 1.3:1 lipoplexes were well tolerated by the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 at levels of ODN ordinarily employed in antisense ODN-mediated gene knockdown experiments. The findings of this study suggest that cationic liposomes based on the cationic cholesterol derivative Chol-T and the neutral co-lipid DOPE may be used in antisense ODN applications in mammalian cell lines grown in culture.