Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Nonlocality on Group Delay and Reflective Behavior Near Surface Plasmon Resonances in Otto Structure

In this work, we study the effects of nonlocality on the optical response near surface plasmon resonance of the Otto structure, and such nonlocality is considered in the hydrodynamic model. Through analyzing the dispersion relations and optical response predicted by the Drude’s and hydrodynamic model in the system, we find that the nonlocal effect is sensitive to the large propagation wavevector, and there exists a critical incident angle and thickness. The critical point moves to the smaller value when the nonlocal effect is taken into account. Before this point, the absorption of the reflected light pulse enhances; however, the situation reverses after this point. In the region between the two different critical points in the frequency scan calculated from local and nonlocal theories, the group delay of the reflected light pulse shows opposite behaviors. These results are explained in terms of the pole and zero phenomenological model in complex frequency plane. Our work may contribute to the fundamental understanding of light–matter interactions at the nanoscale and in the design of optical devices.
Design and Evaluation of Explainable Methods for Predictive Process Analytics

Predictive process analytics focuses on predicting the future states of running instances of a business process using machine learning and AI-based techniques. While advanced machine learning techniques have been used to increase accuracy of predictions, the resulting predictive models lack transparency. Current explainability methods, such as LIME and SHAP, can be used to interpret black box models. However, it is unclear how ﬁt for purpose these methods are in explaining process predictive models, which use complex, multi-dimensional event logs, often alongside various types of context-related data. However, given the vast array of explainable methods available, and the diﬀerences in the mechanism used to provide the explanations and the content of the explanation, this evaluation becomes complex and no standard method or framework of evaluation currently exists. The proposed project, therefore, aims to address methods to evaluate and improve AI and machine learning transparency in the ﬁeld of predictive process analytics, with particular emphasis on creating a standardised evaluation framework and approach for event log data.
Effects of Manure and Chemical Fertilizer on Bacterial Community Structure and Soil Enzyme Activities in North China

The application of organic fertilizer affects soil microbes and enzyme activities. In this study, we explored the effects of various long-term different fertilization treatments (manure, M; chemical fertilizer, NP; manure + chemical fertilizer, MNP; and no fertilizer, CK) on bacterial community structure and soil sucrase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase activities in Shaping, Hequ, China. High-throughput sequencing was used to amplify the third to the fourth hypervariable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA for analysis of the bacterial community structure. Enzyme activities were determined by colorimetry. Soil treated with MNP had the highest bacterial Abundance-based Coverage Estimator index and enzyme activities. The principal coordinates analysis results showed significant differences among the various fertilization treatments (p < 0.001). Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Chloroflexi were consistently dominant in all soil samples. The redundancy analysis and Monte Carlo permutation tests showed that the soil bacterial communities were significantly correlated with alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, organic matter, urease, and alkaline phosphatase. Our results reveal the fundamentally different effects that organic and inorganic fertilizers have on soil bacterial communities and their functions.
Fe2O3 and V2O5 Nanoparticles: A New Voltammetric Sensor

The Fe2O3 and V2O5 nanoparticles were prepared by thermal decomposition method. The XRD and FTIR spectrum of the samples confirms the formation of Fe2O3 and V2O5. The FE- SEM images showed the morphology and size of the samples. The synthesized Fe2O3 and V2O5 nanoparticles were used to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and the modified electrode was found to exhibit electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of uric acid (UA). It shows that the nanoparticles will exhibit promising applications in the development of sensors.
THE SCHOOL AS A CONSERVATIVE FORCE Scholastic and Cultural Inequalities

I is probably cultural inertia which still makes us see education in terms of the ideology of the school as a liberating force (‘l’école libératrice’) and as a means of increasing social mobility, even when the indications tend to be that it is in fact one of the most effective means of perpetuating the existing social pattern, as it both provides an apparent justification for social inequalities and gives recognition to the cultural heritage, that is, to a social gift treated as a natural one. As processes of elimination occur throughout the whole of the period spent in education, we can quite justifiably note the effects they have at the highest levels of the system. The changes of entering higher education are dependent on direct or indirect selection varying in severity with subjects of different social classes throughout their school lives. The son of a manager is eighty times as likely to get to university as the son of an agricultural worker, forty times as likely as the son of a factory worker and twice as likely as even the son of a man employed in a lower-salaried staff grade.1 It is striking that the higher the level of the institution of learning, the more aristocratic its intake. The sons of members of managerial grades and of the liberal professions account for 57 per cent of students at the École Polytechnique, 54 per cent of those at the Ecole Normale Supérieure (noted for its ‘democratic’ intake), 47 per cent of those at the Ecole Normale and 44 per cent of those at the Institut d’Etudes Politiques. However, simply stating the fact of educational inequality is not enough. We need a description of the objective processes which continually exclude children from the least privileged social classes. Indeed, it seems that a sociological explanation
Corrosion Prediction of Weathered Galvanised Structures Using Machine Learning Techniques

Galvanised steel atmospheric corrosion is a complex multifactorial phenomenon that globally affects many structures, equipment, and sectors. Moreover, the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) standards require specific pollutant depositions values for any atmosphere classification or corrosion loss prediction result. The aim of this research is to develop predictive models to estimate corrosion loss based on easily worldwide available parameters. Experimental data from internationally validated studies were used for the data mining process, basing their characterisation on seven globally accessible qualitative and quantitative variables. Self-Organising Maps including both supervised and unsupervised layers were used to predict first-year corrosion loss, its corrosivity categories, and an uncertainty range. Additionally, a formula optimised with Newton’s method has been proposed for extrapolating these results to long-term results. The predictions obtained were compared with real values using Euclidean distances to know its similarity degree, offering high prediction performance. Specifically, evaluation results showed an average saving of up to 16% in coatings using these predictions. Therefore, using the proposed models reduces the uncertainty of the final structures state by predicting their material loss, avoiding initial over-dimensioning of structures, and meeting the principles of efficiency and sustainability, thus reducing costs.
Does The Taste of The Plain Packaged Cigarettes in Saudi Arabia Really Changed and Differ from The Branded Cigarettes or it is A Natural Sensory Change? Experimental Study

Background: Does the taste of the plain packaged cigarettes recently implemented in Saudi Arabia really changed and differ from the branded cigarettes or it is a natural sensory Methods: 18 adult smokers, who are currently smoking cigarettes and cleared upon physical assessment before the experiment. Participants were excluded if they were planning to quit smoking or in quitting stage or have any respiratory or cardiac disease, any taste related disorder (e.g. hypogeusia / ageusia) or any acute disease that affect taste or smell (e.g. Flu). Participants who shows any abnormal vital signs check before the study (fever, shortness of breath or elevated blood pressure). Participants received 6 sequences of different random exposures (3 puffs) to 3 plain packaged cigarettes (2 from the favorite brand and 1 other brand “control”) and 3 branded cigarettes (2 from the favorite brand and 1 other brand “control”). Participants wore Virtual Reality Goggles (VR) accompany with a special software to alter the visual reality and wore gloves to alter the touch sensation.Results: Participants were not able to identify the correct type of cigarettes (plain or branded (Estimate of fixed effect -0.01 p=0.79). Moreover, there were no differences in the ability of the participants to identify their favorite brand t(-0.63) mean=0.47 p = 0.53. Conclusion: After controlling the visual and touch sensation participants were not able to difference between branded and plain packaged cigarettes in terms of taste or inducing immediate shortness of breath or cough. Interestingly, participants were not able to identify their favorite brand.
Resilient Protection of Medium Voltage DC Microgrids Against Cyber Intrusion

Differential current protection has been a reliable approach for line protection in DC systems. However, due to its dependence on communication for terminal current information, resiliency of such a protection approach is poor against external cyber intrusions (ECI) of different types, i.e., false data injection (FDI) and time synchronization attacks (TSA). As a result of which, the system is prone to collapse due to line tripping in the presence of coordinated ECIs. The scope of this paper is to propose a resilient protection approach for medium voltage DC (MVDC) microgrids differentiating between the real faults and the ECIs in a system. The approach also detects ECIs on an adjacent line occurring simultaneous to a real fault where the system deploys current limiting reactors (CLR) which have the function of limiting the peak of fault current. Modal transformation is carried out to obtain the line-mode and zero-mode voltage across these CLRs. The mode voltages across the faulty mode networks are utilised along with differential current protection to propose a resilient protection approach against ECIs, which is sensitive to high impedance faults (HIFs), working well in the presence of White Gaussian Noise (WGN) in measurement. Further, a sensitivity function is formulated which gives the variation of decisive variables i.e., line-mode voltage and zero-mode voltage with respect to change in decisive parameters i.e., fault resistance and fault location in the system.
Re-Appraisal of Effective, and Tolerable Induction Regimens for Managing Cryptococcal Meningitis in HIV-Infected Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) has become the most fatal adult meningitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There is no conclusive evidence for the superiority of one-week amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmphB) + flucytosine (5-FC) regimen over other antifungals in the management of HIV patients with CM (HIV-CM patients). We aimed to evaluate the differences in efficacy and tolerability of different antifungal agents in HIV-CM patients by conducting a current network meta-analysis NMA. Overall, 19 randomized controlled trials were included with 2,642 participants. A regimen indicated a possibly lower early mortality rate, namely, AmphB + 5-FC + High dose azole (Azole_H) (OR = 1.1*10− 12, 95% CIs = 1.3*10− 41 to 0.06) comparing to AmphB + 5-FC. Azole_H was possibly associated with the lowest late-mortality rate (OR = 0.27, 95% CIs = 0.08 to 0.99). The current NMA provides evidence that AmphB + 5-FC + Azole_H are superior to all the investigated treatments for induction regimen in HIV-CM patients.
Fabrication of Diverse Cu2O Nanoframes through Face-Selective Etching

Two approaches have been employed to generate Cu2O nanoframes. Novel edge-truncated cubic nanoframes with empty {110} edges can be obtained directly by growing Cu2O nanocrystals in the presence of HCl etchant. After 1 h of reaction for particle growth, introduction of ethanol and sonication of the mixture effectively removes surface-adsorbed sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant to facilitate HCl etching. Crystal structures of the nanoframes have been examined. The entire nanoframe formation process was captured by recording the complete solution color changes. By injecting precise volumes of HCl solution to a solution of presynthesized {100}-truncated and all-corner-truncated Cu2O rhombic dodecahedra, nanoframes with etched {110} faces and hollow interior were produced in 10 min. Observations made on some partially etched particles suggest etching rapidly proceeds from the surface {110} faces into the interior regions of the rhombic dodecahedra. The strong light scattering feature observed for solid rh.
Measurement of absorption and scattering spectra with oblique incidence reflectometry

Fiber optic oblique incidence reflectometry has been demonstrated to be a simple and accurate method for measuring the optical properties, μa. and μs′, of turbid media such as biological tissues [1,2]. After sampling the spatial distribution of diffuse reflectance obliquely incident light, we can a) measure the shift the center of diffise reflectance, which is proportional to the diffusion coefficient of the medium (D), and b) fit the distribution to a diffusion theory model determine the effective attenuation coefficient (μeff). μa and μs′ can be calculated directly from these two parameters. This paper presents preliminary results that show that both absorption and reduced scattering spectra can be deduced from multi-spectral measurements of the relative diffuse reflectance profile of white light obliquely incident on tissue phantoms.
Synthesis of reductive responsive polyphosphazenes and their fabrication of nanocarriers for drug delivery application

ABSTRACT Reductive responsive nanovehicles have the ability to deliver the anticancer drugs to intracellular compartments. The purpose of this study was to develop reductive sensitive nanocarriers based on polyphosphazenes. Amphiphilic polyphosphazenes with hydrophilic reductive sensitive side group and different molecular weights were synthesized and characterized. The synthesized copolymers show solvent dependent self-aggregation and form spherical micelles by using THF as co-organic solvent in dialysis method with critical micelle concentration value ranging from 5.73 µg/mL to 11.24 µg/mL. Micelles can encapsulate the hydrophobic drugs such as camptothecin (CPT) and indomethacin. In in vitro release experiments, CPT-loaded micelles release 70–80% of the loaded CPT in the presence of reducing agent dithiothreitol within 15 h. The results indicate that these reductive sensitive amphiphilic polyphosphazenes may find an application as anticancer drug carriers for safe drug delivery. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Paediatric and young adult population with type 2 diabetes as a challenge for family medicine: an 8 year national observational study

A Study Data E F Background. Literature points out that the frequency of occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children, adoles cents and young adults has been increasing rapidly. However, there is still lack of epidemiological research in this area. Objectives. The national observation study was used to determine the trend of T2DM in the Polish paediatric and young adult popula tion. Material and methods. The Polish National Health Fund database from 2010 to 2017, which was representative of the Polish popula tion, was examined. Overall, 8,530 patients with T2DM were included in the study. The annual prevalence of T2DM was estimated according to the age groups, especially in three groups: group 1 – children (up to 10 years of age), group 2 – adolescents (between 11 and 20 years of age) and group 3 – young adults (21–30 years of age). The T2DM groups were defined according to the ICD-10 codes. The relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was also calculated. Results. The frequency of occurrence of T2DM in the population of children and adolescents is relatively stable and reached – depend ing on the year of observation – between 0.33% and 0.22% of all T2DM patients. Each year, physicians diagnose about 255 new cases of T2DM among children up to 10 years of age and about 812 among adolescents between 11 and 20 years of age. Conclusions. The tendency of occurrence of T2DM among children and teenagers is relatively stable. This problem requires taking ap propriate steps in order to prevent the development of T2DM and improve medical care aimed at these patients.
Cooperative SM-Based NOMA Scheme With SWIPT

In this paper, a cooperative spatial modulation (SM) based non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer is proposed. In particular, NOMA is applied at the base station (BS) and the near user (U1) acts as an energy harvesting full-duplex relay to assist the far user (U2). The data bits of U1 and U2 are mapped into SM symbols and amplitude/phase modulation symbols, respectively. Furthermore, the rate of U1 is maximized while satisfying the target rate of U2 by jointly designing the power allocation coefficient, power-splitting ratio, and transmit power of U1. To solve the non-convex problem, a successive convex approximation-based iterative algorithm is developed. Finally, numerical results reveal that the proposed scheme can achieve the superior performance compared to existing schemes.
Intelligent Traffic Accident Prediction Model for Internet of Vehicles With Deep Learning Approach

In this study, a high accident risk prediction model is developed to analyze traffic accident data, and identify priority intersections for improvement. A database of the traffic accidents was organized and analyzed, and an intersection accident risk prediction model based on different mechanical learning methods was created to estimate the possible high accident risk locations for traffic management departments to use in planning countermeasures to reduce accident risk. Using Bayes’ theorem to identify environmental variables at intersections that affect accident risk levels, this study found that road width, speed limit and roadside markings are the significant risk factors for traffic accidents. Meanwhile, Naïve Bayes, Decision tree C4.5, Bayesian Network, Multilayer perceptron (MLP), Deep Neural Networks (DNN), Deep Belief Network (DBN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) were used to develop an accident risk prediction model. This model can also identify the key factors that affect the occurrence of high-risk intersections, and provide traffic management departments with a better basis for decision-making for intersection improvement. Using the same environmental characteristics as high-risk intersections for model inputs to estimate the degree of risk that may occur in the future, which can be used to prevent traffic accidents in the future. Moreover, it also can be used as a reference for future intersection design and environmental improvements.
Creating a frame for assessment of ICT competence of students in High schools

Self-directed learning is one of the important competencies for lifelong learning. A person with self-directed learning will be able to adapt and develop in modern society where knowledge and skills of a that person for living and working are constantly increasing and changing. Self-directed learning competence is defined as one of the core common competencies of students in the General Education Curriculumn 2018. This paper summarizes typical studies in Vietnam and in the world about self-directed learning, focusing on clarifying the viewpoint of self-directed learning and the manifestations of self-directed learning competence. Based on the researched points of view, the paper proposes a framework for assessing the self-directed learning competence of high school students. This framework has an important role to play in measuring the effectiveness of measures to develop students' selfdirected learning competence.
Mg2Sn: a potential mid-temperature thermoelectric material

The electronic structure and the thermoelectric properties of Mg2X (X = Si, Ge, and Sn) were studied using the density functional theory and the semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. The three compounds of Mg2X (X = Si, Ge, and Sn) were found to be indirect band-gap semiconductors with gap magnitudes of 0.66, 0.63, and 0.29 eV, respectively. By studying the carrier concentration dependence of the transport properties, we find that the p-type Mg2X exhibit superior thermoelectric performance originating from a large density-of-states effective mass due to the large valley degeneracy of valence bands. In particular, a maximum ZT value of 1.1 for p-type Mg2Sn can be achieved at 800 K with a carrier concentration of 9.8 × 1019 cm−3, which is higher than that of Mg2Si (0.8) and Mg2Ge (1.0). The high ZT of Mg2Sn is mainly attributed to its low lattice thermal conductivity that is a consequence of the low velocity of the optical modes caused by the large mass density. These findings suggest that Mg2Sn is a promising mid-temperature thermoelectric material.
3Y-TZP DLP Additive Manufacturing: Solvent-free Slurry Development and Characterization

Accepted: January 21, 2021 Vat photopolymerization (VP) stands out among ceramic additive manufacturing processes for its ability to print sub-100 micrometer complex features. One of the main challenges of this process is the preparation of a homogeneous and stable ceramic slurry with a high solid load and low viscosity. In this work, different dispersants and resins were tested, aiming to provide a solvent-free slurry suitable for DLP additive manufacturing. Disperbyk-111 and PEGDA 250 stood out in the tests, providing a 40 vol% ceramic slurry with no noticeable sedimentation and viscosity of 2.3 Pa.s at 30 s -1 despite the relatively high specific surface area (15 m 2 /g) of the 3Y-TZP powder used compared to powders usually used for VP slurries. The adsorption of Disperbyk-111 on ceramic particles surface was investigated by FTIR. Finally, ceramic bodies were 3D printed, debound and sintered at 1500 ºC for 2 h, confirming the ability to manufacture