Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Perturbations in a Variable Speed of Light Cosmology

A variable speed of light (VSL) cosmology is described in which the causal mechanism of generating primordial perturbations is achieved by varying the speed of light in a primordial epoch. This yields an alternative to inflation for explaining the formation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the large scale structure (LSS) of the universe. We make use of the $\delta{\cal N}$ formalism to identify signatures of primordial nonlinear fluctuations, and this allows the VSL model to be distinguished from inflationary models. In particular, we find that the parameter $f_{\rm NL}=5$ in the variable speed of light cosmology. The value of the parameter $g_{\rm NL}$ evolves during the primordial era and shows a running behavior.
Diagnosis Of Cryptosporidiosis Using Affinity Purified Antigen

RYPTOSPORIDIOSIS is a significant disease that causes diarrhea in humans and animals with relatively high morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to adopt a purified and potent antigen for the accurate diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis. A total of 278 animal hosts (60 newborn calves and 218 buffaloes) were used in the current study. Sixty fecal samples were collected from new-born calves aged less than one month raised in the Beni-Suef and Qalyubia governorates. The samples were examined under a microscope after modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and Cryptosporidium oocysts were isolated from naturally infected calves. These oocysts were used in mice experimental infection. The oocyst antigen and coproantigen were prepared from the mice feces. The diagnostic efficacy of the two prepared antigens was evaluated using an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) with experimentally infected mice sera. The crude oocyst antigen proved to have higher diagnostic potential than coproantigen, so, it was chosen for purification using Cyanogen Bromide-activated Sepharose-4B affinity chromatography coupled with rabbit hyperimmune serum raised against oocyst antigen. The affinity purified fraction and its crude Cryptosporidium antigen were evaluated using the ELISA. The resulting purified fraction was 6733 fold increase in binding activity compared with its crude antigen. Characterization of the isolated fraction was performed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), western blot, and amino acid analysis. SDS-PAGE clarified that the fraction contained three polypeptides of 94.7, 65, and 50 kDa, which were identified as immune-reactive components using a western blot analysis. The isolated fraction exhibited 17 amino acids and was rich in tyrosine, alanine, and phenylalanine. The affinity purified Cryptosporidium oocyst antigen effectively detected Cryptosporidium antibodies in experimentally infected mice sera and naturally infected buffalo sera with a sensitivity of 94.4% and 95.24 %, and a specificity of 100% and 93.33%, respectively. The purified fraction succeeded in diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in 182 random serum samples collected from buffaloes with an incidence of 57.14 %. In conclusion, the affinity purified fraction of the Cryptosporidium oocyst antigen might be a good diagnostic candidate for cryptosporidiosis diagnosis and seroepidemiological surveillance.
Logical Dissipation of Automata Implements - Dissipation of Computation

As revealed by discussions of principle on energy dissipation by computers, logic imposes constraints on physical systems designed for a logical function. We define a notion of logical dissipation for a finite automaton. We discuss the constraints associated with physical implementation of automata and exhibit the role played by modularity for testability. As a result, practical computers, which are necessarily modular, dissipate proportionally to computation time.
First measurement of Γ(D* +) and precision measurement of m D*+-m D0

We present the first measurement of the D*+ width using 9/fb of e+ e- data collected near the Upsilon(4S) resonance by the CLEO II.V detector. Our method uses advanced tracking techniques and a reconstruction method that takes advantage of the small vertical size of the CESR beam spot to measure the energy release distribution from the D*+ -> D0 pi+ decay. We find Gamma(D*+) = 96 +- 4 (Statistical) +- 22 (Systematic) keV. We also measure the energy release in the decay and compute Delta m = m(D*+) - m(D0) = 145.412 +- 0.002 (Statistical) +- 0.012 (Systematic) MeV/c^2
Synthesis of Zeolite Based Material With Aluminum Sources from Used Beverage Cans for Hard Water Desalination

Hard water contains high mineral content, especially calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). Hard water can cause health problems and damage to household appliances within a certain period of time. In this study, zeolite-based materials have been synthesized as adsorbent materials to reduce the concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the hard water obtained from Brondong district of Lamongan, East Java. Zeolite based material was synthesized with aluminum sources derived from beverage cans and silica from silica gel. In this study, zeolite was prepared by microwave (ZM) and without the microwave method (ZNM). The amount of ZM was 10.8121 grams, or 99.1% of the yield, and ZNM was 10.5387 grams or 99.15% of the yield. The FTIR results indicate some characteristic peaks of T-O and T-O-T bonds (T = Si/Al) at 460, 670, 726, and 980–1100 cm1. The diffractogram show that ZNM is still dominated by silica-based materials, while ZM although it still shows dominant amorphous silica peaks, some characteristic zeolite peaks also appear. The SEM results show the shapes of agglomerated tiny particles for both materials. In this study, the synthesized zeolite can reduce the concentration of Ca2+ ions by 84–97% and Mg2+ ions by 23-51%. The optimal time obtained in this study was 30 minutes, while the optimal mass obtained was 0.5 grams for all materials.
Exploring ethical issues embedded in the call for indigenisation of social work education in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Social work is an emerging profession and discipline in Nigeria with its pedagogical content and to an extent, the process being largely Western in design. This has led to a continuous call for indigenisation of social work education to service the peculiar needs of Nigerians. While indigenisation of social work education is a step in the right direction, efforts targeting this goal may give rise to some unexplored ethical issues. We explored some perceived ethical issues that may arise in the process of indigenisation of social work education using qualitative data collected from 15 educators from three universities in Nigeria. The data were coded with NVivo 12 and analyzed thematically. Findings revealed that in attempts to Africanise social work education, educators insisted that some issues like non-heterosexuality are unacceptable and un-African; thus, emphasized that students should not be taught/exposed to practice with sexual minorities. Also, some educators stated that the Nigerian culture of masculine superiority should be sustained. These perspectives are discriminatory, oppressive and against social work ethical principles. We recommend measures including (re)training of social work educators to reconcile their ethical and religio-cultural differences to better prepare future social work practitioners with local and ethically guided knowledge for contemporary Nigerian society.
Correlation between Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Discharges at El-Manzala Wetland with the Relative Gene Expression of CYP19 Gene of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis. niloticus)

El-Manzala Wetland is known to be of the most significant sources of inexpensive different fish species for human consumption in Egypt. The Lake receives pollution from various sources; domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, and agricultural drainage directly without any treatments, which leads to many environmental disorders. The following research was conducted for lake water quality evaluation and how it impacts the expression of the aromatase ( CYP19a & b ) genes in Oreochromis niloticus tissues at different locations of El-Manzala Lake. Sampling was done during the summer of 2018 when water and fish samples were collected from five different locations of El-Manzala Lake. It was found that the studied locations recorded hazardous concentrations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that may cause significant defects to aquatic organisms except in the reference location and the expression of CYP19a & b genes. The relative gene expressions of CYP19 a in the ovary and the testis were measured and recorded in positive ranges, but revealed the controversial expression pattern of CYP19 b gene in the brain tissues. Our results revealed that PAHs discharges at El-Manzala are correlated with the gene expression of CYP19 genes. The current findings suggested a correlation between biomarkers response and wastewater exposure as stressors. Besides, the assessed multiple general health indicators give prospective insights for Nile tilapia adaptive pattern and monitoring of pollution of freshwater ecosystems.
Direction finding in the presence of mutual coupling

The area of sensor array processing has attracted considerable interest in the signal processing community. The focus of this work has been on high resolution Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms that detect and locate aircrafts using radar systems. These algorithms exploit the fact that an electromagnetic wave that is received by an array of antenna elements reaches each element at di erent time instants. In practical antennas the elements of the array a ect each other through mutual coupling and this reduces the direction nding ability. The e ects of mutual coupling on direction nding are examined in this thesis. To be able to analyze the e ects of mutual coupling, the coupling needs to be calculated. Here, the coupling in a Uniform Linear Array (ULA) of thin and nite dipoles is calculated using basic electromagnetic concepts. The e ects of coupling on the estimation of the DOA is studied by calculating a lower bound on the variance of the DOA estimates, the Cram er-Rao lower Bound (CRB). It is found that a known coupling does not a ect the CRB signi cantly. Several methods of estimating the DOAs in the presence of a known coupling are derived and analyzed in simulations. However, in some cases the coupling might not be known, and one way of mitigating the e ects of an unknown coupling is to estimate the coupling along with the DOAs. The CRB for this case is derived. Several methods of estimating the directions and coupling parameters are also derived, and it is found that estimating the coupling along with the DOAs mitigates the e ects of an unknown coupling.
Dynamic Multipath Routing Mechanism for Multimedia Data Flow Scheduling Over Software Defined Networks

Due to the explosive growth of big data, driven by the pervasiveness of real-time multimedia applications, Software-defined Networks (SDNs) are expected to fully handle multimedia services with various quality of service (QoS) guarantees. Unlike traditional data applications (e.g., e-mail and file transfer), multimedia applications require diverse QoS guarantees to satisfy the user’s expectations. Currently, service providers still have difficulties in providing high quality video streaming due to the difficulty of scheduling efficiency and of end-to-end data delivery in the existing multipath algorithms. Moreover, existing multipath algorithms suffer from a significant transmission cost. To solve these problems, a Dynamic and Adaptive Multi-path Routing algorithm with respect to multiple constraints (DAMR) over SDN is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach leverages the Lagrangian Relaxation Algorithm (LRA) to find a feasible path that satisfies the desired QoS requirements. The DAMR takes several QoS routing constraints, such as end-to-end delay and bandwidth, into account in path selection. Compared with existing routing proposals, the DAMR makes efficient use of the latest global network state information achieved by the OpenFlow controller and it dynamically calculates the optimal routes according to the real-time status information of the link. Theoretical and simulation results show that our proposed DAMR algorithm is better than SPT and MCMPT in terms of packet loss ratio, throughput and end to end delay.
COWRIE SHELLS IN OJO-ALAWORO: A NEXUS OF ART, CULTURE, TRADITION, HERITAGE, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

In the old days, most villages and towns of states and nations in Africa are founded with or through cowrie shells (owo eyo), thereby serving as evolutionary symbols and objects. There are several arts, cultures, traditions, heritages, and economic development (ACTHED) activities, cowrie shells (owo eyo) are being used in Nigeria and Africa generally, and Ojo-Alaworo town specifically, which is the target of this study. This ACTHED does not leave out socio-cultures, religion-magical and spiritual endowments. The aforementioned artistic activities are gradually facing out in our society through civilisation. Therefore, this study focuses on appraising and refreshing our memories of the significance and vital roles that cowrie shells (owo eyo) played and still play in the sojourn of the human race in Ojo-Alaworo town of Lagos State, Nigeria. In this regard, functionalism and symbolic interactionism theory of culture were used as a theoretical framework to analyze this study. As a qualitative research design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews (SSI) with five participants. They are indigenous elders (three males and two females) ages 70 to 85 years. The reason for this purposive sampling is that elders are wiser and more experienced in ACTHED, hence the Yoruba adage “iriri lagba”. The findings were discussed extensively which shows that cowrie shells (owo eyo) are inevitable in Ojo-Alaworo town despite civilisation in the town. To this end, a conclusion was made, and recommendations were suggested to revive the values of cowrie shells (owo eyo).
Triangle principle of inertial transport in incompressible turbulence

It is proved that the inertial energy fluxes among any three Fourier components, where one wave vector is the sum or difference of the other two wave vectors, must be closed. This result is called triangle principle because such three vectors can form a triangle. Although the global energy conservation of inertial transport, which states that inertial transport does not change the total energy but only redistributes the energy among different Fourier components, is well known, the triangle principle gives the detailed mechanism for the global energy conservation and can therefore be called detailed energy conservation in inertial transport. A mechanism, similar to Darwin’s natural selection , for the establishment of the quasi-equilibrium energy spectrum of dissipation range is discussed. Thus, the present analysis gives one example to show how detailed dynamical analysis may help to understand the establishment of certain statistical regularity.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effect of Garlic with Lime on Streptococcus Mutans in Children

Purpose : This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Garlic with lime mouth wash against Chlorhexidine mouthwash on salivary Streptococcus mutans count in a group of Egyptian children. Materials and Methods : A total of 40 Egyptian children were included in this study. Children ages ranged from (6 to 12) years old in a good physical condition. Children were randomly distributed into two groups A & B each of 20 children. In children of group A (using Garlic with lime) each participant was instructed to rinse with 5 ml of garlic with lime mouthwash for one minute. In group B (control group using Chlorhexidine mouthwash 0.1%) each participant was instructed to rinse with 5 ml of CHX for one minute. Results: There was a significant reduction in Streptococcus mutans count in both groups. Conclusion: garlic with lime mouthwash were successful as an antimicrobial agent. It significantly reduced the total bacterial count in the saliva of children when compared to a potent antiseptic like Chlorhexidine.
Transient settlement estimation of shallow foundation under eccentrically inclined static and cyclic load on granular soil using artificial intelligence techniques

ABSTRACT The present study focuses on estimating the transient response of shallow strip footing on granular soil using soft computing techniques. A shallow foundation is numerically modelled using Beam on Nonlinear Winkler Foundation model. Then the footing is subjected to a combination of allowable static and cyclic load depending on the ultimate bearing capacity of the footing. The eccentricity and angle of load inclination of static load are varied to simulate more practical conditions. The cyclic load is rectangular pulse load. One cycle of rectangular pulse load is applied to observe the immediate response of the foundation, referred as the transient response. Apart from the loading parameters, three granular soils of three different relative densities (D r = 35%, 51% and 69%) are considered. Based on numerical simulation of 1728 conditions, soft computing models are developed using five techniques, viz. Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interface System and Multi Gene Genetic Programming. It is found that the static load on the foundation is the most important parameter controlling the transient response of the footing.
Tolerance analysis of octave bandwidth millimeter-wave planar orthomode transducer

Planar Orthomode Transducers (OMTs) are commonly used for polarization measurements at millimeter wave-lengths. We present an optical coupling study of an octave bandwidth planar OMT in circular waveguide based on 3D electromagnetic simulations. We quantify results through metrics such as co- and cross- polar coupling, reflection, and waveguide leakage as a function of the OMT construction geometry. We evaluate the tolerance of these metrics to the waveguide backshort distance, probe impedance, waveguide gap size, and waveguide-to-probe misalignment. Two probe geometries are studied: the ‘classic’ shape used in several previous experiments, and a new ‘wineglass’ geometry. The bandwidth ratio of both optimized OMTs is 2.0:1, defined where co-polar coupling exceeds 80%. The average co-polar coupling, cross-polar coupling, reflection, and waveguide leakage of the classic probe is approximately 93%, < -50 dB, 5% and 2%, respectively and depends slightly on the exact frequency range. The wineglass probe co-polar coupling is ∼ 2% larger. Radial waveguide misalignment at the level of 4% of the waveguide radius can result in up to a 10% reduction in co-polar coupling and -20 dB cross-polar coupling in one polarization. These results may be used to guide the detector module designs of future Cosmic Microwave Background experiments and beyond.
Wideband Three-Way Filtering Power Divider on One Single Multimode Patch Resonator

This article proposes a novel wideband three-way filtering power divider (FPD) based on one single multimode patch resonator (MPR). Firstly, by researching the unique trilateral symmetry properties of equilateral triangle patch resonator (ETPR) modes, the TM11 and TM30 resonant modes have been exploited to establish the three-way power division. Then metallic vias and slots perturbations are introduced to flexibly control the resonant mode frequencies to realize the assumed two-order filtering response. Ultimately, a resistors-grounded isolation network is developed for decent in-band isolations. For validation, a prototype with center frequency at 5.1 GHz and with 3-dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 21% is designed, simulated, and fabricated. The measured results show good agreements with simulated ones along with wide passband, good frequency selectivity, and in-band isolation. Finally, an extended discussion is also provided to further demonstrate the flexibility and extendibility of the proposed design method.
Aceleradores para Colombia

The foundations and historical development of particle accelerators are presented in this article, detailing on the synchrotron, the principle of phase stability, synchrotron principle. Storage rings, synchrotrons at constant magnetic field, are introduced. For the electron synchrotron, synchrotron radiation is presented and how to exploit it with the use of undulators as X-ray sources. Radiation properties of undulators are highlighted for applications in science and industry. This motivates to present a proposal for a synchrotron radiation center for Colombia with an electron synchrotron operating as storage ring and undulators as X-ray emitters, for multiple applications for research, development and innovation in science, technology and industry. © 2014. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. All rights reserved.
The use of digital solutions in alleviating the burden of IAPT’s waiting times

BACKGROUND: Previous reports have shown that there are long waiting times to commence therapy in the community-based mental health programme, IAPT (Improving Access to Psychological Therapies). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore both causes and potential solutions to alleviate the burden of these waits. METHODS: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and Semi-Structured Interviews (SSIs) were conducted to identify causes and effects of these waits. Consequently, meaningful recommendations were made and tested with the aim of improving IAPT’s waiting times. RESULTS: SLR and SSIs revealed high ‘Did Not Attend’ (DNA) rates and a lack of support between initial appointments as being both a cause and effect of long waits. The identified issues were tackled with the development of an app design. Expert interviews and a mass survey fuelled the iterative process leading to a final prototype. Notable features included: therapist profile page, smart appointment reminders and patient timeline. Positive feedback was received from university students and ICS Digital, with scope to trial the app within Manchester CCG. CONCLUSIONS: In the long run, the app aims to indirectly shorten waiting times by addressing treatment expectations and serving as an IAPT companion along the patient journey, thus reducing anxiety and consequently DNAs.
Three Fundamental Paradigms for Aerial Physical Interaction Using Nonlinear Model Predictive Control

This paper introduces and compares the three most relevant approaches in which an Aerial Physical Interaction (APhI) control can include a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) paradigm in its design. All these methods have the advantage of being able to cope seamlessly with input and state constraints when compared to reactive controllers, however, they substantially differ in the design of the cost function. In the NMPC impedance control the cost function includes the error from the desired impedance dynamics; in the NMPC cascaded control the cost function includes the error from a reference trajectory which is generated online by an admittance filter driven by the force measurement; and in the NMPC hybrid position/force control the cost function contains both the trajectory and direct force error. The three architectures are proposed, implemented, analysed, validated, and compared with real-time simulations of interaction tasks with different environments. The numerical investigation provides a set of insights about the performances, advantages, and dependency on the design assumptions of the three methods.