Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Method of Multi-attribute Target Recognition Based On Laser Detection

Ideal result of target recognition can't be obtained just with single attribute. In order to improve the performance of target recognition and reflect the physical attributes of the target, some attributes are extracted from the high range resolution profile of the unknown target to form an multi-attribute vector, such as the frequency amplitude, the length of energy gathering, the centre moments and the bispectrum and so on.Because of the high dimensions of the vector, the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) method is used to decrease the dimension. The processed vector is regarded as the input of the BP (Back Propagation) neural network to obtain the result of target recognition.The simulation result indicates that it is helpful for improving the target recognition rate with the multi-attribute extraction method and PCA method.
Predictive models for accidents on urban links - A focus on vulnerable road users

Much of earlier work on predictive models for accidents has been focused on rural traffic or urban intersections. This work has aimed at identifying and investigating possible improvements to predictive models for accidents on urban links. A special focus has been on the accidents of vulnerable road users. The possible improvements investigated have been: a) the use of exposure data for vulnerable road users, b) the use of actual vehicle speeds, c) to separate vehicle accidents into single vehicle and multiple vehicle accidents and model each type separately. The study involved eight Swedish cities, of which six were included in the development of accident models. In addition to police-reported traffic accidents, data for the models were collected in specific field studies and partly from the cities. The study shows that the inclusion of exposure data for vulnerable road users in the models for vulnerable road users? accidents greatly improves the predictive ability of the models. Vehicle speeds were found to be very difficult to use in the models as vehicle speeds are highly correlated with most of the other variables and make the model coefficients unstable. The separate modelling of single and multiple vehicle accidents failed partly as the single vehicle accidents were too few for constructing sound models. The models for multiple vehicle accidents developed, however, had a better predictive ability than models for all vehicle accidents. Land use was the next important explanatory variable for most accident types after the exposure variables. Accident models were developed with one data set and validated with another data set. The models performed very well in prediction by explaining between 71% and 81% of the systematic variation in the validation data. The validation indicated that exponents were 0.5 for both the flows of pedestrians and motor vehicles in models for accidents involving vulnerable road users, and 1.0 for the motor vehicle flow exponent in the models for motor vehicle accidents. For bicyclist accidents the correct exponent for bicyclist flows is likely to be somewhat lower than 0.5, close to 0.35. The study also recommended practical uses for the models, listed the lessons learned from the modelling as well as proposed a number of topics for further research. (Less)
Detecting Outliers in Cell Phone Data

The use of cell phone signaling data for traffic modeling has great potential. Because of the high coverage rate of these phones, the data can be used as an addition to or even as a replacement for stationary sensors when the deployment of stationary sensors is not possible or too expensive. However, cell phone signaling data are error-prone and have to be preprocessed for use in traffic modeling. First, the positions reported by cell phone signaling data may be inaccurate. Second, because of privacy issues, additional data may be introduced to obfuscate actual movements. This study presents three filters to rectify the trajectories generated by cell phone movements. For evaluation, the filters were applied to cell phone trajectories and compared with corresponding GPS-based tracks. The evaluation data covered 4,933 tracks collected automatically and 5 tracks collected manually. The proposed filters significantly improved estimation of speed and position compared with the raw trajectories of cell phone movements.
Intelligent system for control of a stepping motor drive using a hybrid neuro-fuzzy approach

Stepping motors are widely used in robotics and in the numerical control of machine tools where they have to perform high-precision positioning operations. However, the variations of the mechanical configuration of the drive, which are common to these two applications, can lead to a loss of synchronism for high stepping rates. Moreover, the classical open-loop speed control is weak and a closed-loop control becomes necessary. In this paper, fuzzy logic is applied to control the speed of a stepping motor drive with feedback. A neuro-fuzzy hybrid approach is used to design the fuzzy rule base of the intelligent system for control. In particular, the authors used the ANFIS methodology to build a Sugeno fuzzy model for controlling the stepping motor drive. An advanced test bed is used in order to evaluate the tracking properties and the robustness capacities of the fuzzy logic controller.
Guide to the Use of the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 7-88 (formerly ANSI A58.1)

The objective of the Guide to the Use of the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 7-88 (formerly ANSI A58.1) is to provide guidance in the use of the wind load provisions set forth in ASCE Standard 7-88, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures . In order to clearly identify the scope and limitations of this Standard, the Guide first provides a brief review of the background material which forms the basis for the Standard's provisions. It then discusses the general format of an analytical procedure used to determine wind loads and the various wind load parameters involved in this determination such as velocity pressure, gust response factor, and pressure coefficients. This discussion is followed by examples using this analytical procedure to determine wind load. Finally, the Guide presents additional background information on the different wind parameters and a discussion on using the wind-tunnel procedure to determine wind load.
On Handwriting Recognition System Performance: Some Experimental Results

Performance of a rule-based handwriting recognition system is considered. Performance limits of such systems are defined by the robustness of the character templates and the ability of the system to segment characters. Published performance figures, however, are typically based on pre-segmented characters. Six experiments are reported (using a total of 128 subjects) that tested a state-of-the-art recognition system under more realistic conditions. Variables investigated include display format (grid, lined, and blank), surface texture, feedback (location and time delay), amount of training, practice, and effects of use over an extended period. Results indicated that novice users writing on a lined display (the most preferred format) averaged 57% recognition performance. By giving subjects continuous feedback of results, training, and after about 10 minutes of use, the system averaged 90.6% character recognition. Following three hours of interrupted use and with performance incentives, subjects achieved an average 96.8% accuracy with the system. Future work should focus on improving the ability of the recognition algorithm to segment characters and on developing non-obtrusive interaction techniques to train users, to provide feedback and to correct mis-recognized characters.
RF density-modulated electron source simulations with MICHELLE

Summary form only given. New models have been developed and implemented in the MICHELLE Finite-Element Electrostatic Particle-in-Cell code1 in support of modeling RF photocathodes and IOTs (inductive output tubes). In the case of photocatodes, low emittance, high current density sources are required to achieve the small beam size needed for high frequency vacuum electronic devices and, in particular, low emittance sources are demanded for high power free electron lasers (FELs). Emission models are of particular importance in the emittance-dominated regime, where emission non-uniformity and surface structure of the cathode can have an impact on beam characteristics and situations that depend on beam quality (e.g., halo). We have been developing comprehensive time-dependent photoemission models that account for laser and cathode material and surface characteristics and adapting them to develop emission models for inclusion into beam simulation codes2. In addition to the photoemission effects, including the effects of thermal field emission and modeling dark current are key to predicting beam quality and performance degradation due to beam tails and halo.
Leakage current and reliability evaluation of ultra-thin reoxidized nitride and comparison with silicon dioxides

In this work, we have conducted a systematic investigation of leakage current and reliability for re-oxidized nitride, both in planar films and deposited in the deep trenches for DRAM storage-capacitor applications. It was found that for the same equivalent thickness (Teq), the leakage current of re-oxidized nitride is anomalously higher than that of SiO/sub 2/. We demonstrate that this increase in leakage current is caused by a reduction of oxide barrier height from -3 eV to -2.2 eV. In addition, the species release and injection process at the anode, by the energetic electrons, is greatly enhanced by the barrier-height reduction. Within the framework of the current understanding of oxide breakdown, this reduction in oxide barrier-height can self-consistently explain the breakdown data in reoxidized nitride films in many aspects: 1) T/sub BD/ polarity and thickness dependence; 2) the disappearance of T/sub BD/ polarity dependence for thinner films; 3) a much stronger T/sub BD/ (Q/sub BD/) thickness dependence causing a crossover effect in comparison with SiO/sub 2/. This result suggests that the defect generation rate in reoxidized nitride is thickness dependent. Using a cell-based analytical model, we found that the critical defect density at breakdown extracted from the thickness dependence of Weibull slopes is higher than SiO/sub 2/. The similarities and differences in T/sub BD/ (Q/sub BD/) voltage- and temperature dependences between reoxidized nitrides and silicon dioxides are discussed. As compared to reoxidized nitride, it is shown that high quality SiO/sub 2/ can offer a thickness scaling option for storage capacitors assuming silicon dioxide can be successfully fabricated in deep trenches with sufficiently low defect density as required by DRAM applications.
Network-based controlled DC motor with fuzzy compensation

This paper introduces a fuzzy logic compensation approach for the network-based controlled DC motor. The approach is based on modulating the control signal provided by the central controller in the network-based system with a single parameter. The inputs to the fuzzy compensator are the error signal between the reference and the actual output of the DC motor, and the output signal from the PI controller. The output from the fuzzy compensator is the modulator parameter. This parameter modulates the output of the PI controller in order to reduce the effect of the network delays and different available bandwidth. The results show that using fuzzy compensation can be an effective approach to improve the performance of the DC motor controlled through the network.
A method and tool for rapid consumer application development

In recent years, consumer oriented information systems (IS) development has become an increasingly important matter, as more and more complex IS are targeted towards consumer markets. We suggest that developing IS for consumers creates practical and research challenges, which researchers should attend to. In this paper we offer a straightforward way of gathering non-technical requirements from consumers and integrating them into a rapid IS development process. To demonstrate the feasibility of such an approach, we have constructed a support environment within metaedit+ meta computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tool to link an existing consumer requirements elicitation method, critical success chains (CSC), to a domain specific method (DSM) for rapid application development for mobile phones. The developed approach facilitates the development of mobile application prototypes, which can be used by end-users in an emulator or actual phone. These prototypes can be used to confirm and refine the requirements gathered from consumers.
UPGRADING THE INDOT PAVEMENT FRICTION TESTING PROGRAM

This study investigated many important issues associated with pavement surface friction testing, in particular using the smooth tire. This study utilized 3-D FEM program to investigate the fundamental friction phenomenon in light of energy dissipation during friction process. It was demonstrated that the pavement friction depends on many factors such as test tire, test speed, surrounding conditions, pavement surface texture, and pavement type. A great amount of friction data has been collected so as to investigate variations involved in pavement friction measurements. System variations depend on the features of the pavement surface. The standard deviations due to system errors are usually less than 5. The smooth tire tends to provide greater variations than the ribbed tire. As air temperature increases, the friction number does not necessarily decrease. No consistent relations were identified between friction measurements and test seasons. Seasonal friction variations are negligible. The largest directional variation is 16 with the smooth tire on a State road. The State and US roads tend to produce greater directional variations than the interstates. Driving lane usually has lower friction than other lanes. The greatest lateral variation arose due to the effect of wheel track. Longitudinal friction variations depend on traffic distribution, pavement type, and surrounding conditions. Friction measurements taken at 1.0-mile spacing can provide realistic network pavement friction information. Pavement frictions on interstates decreased faster than those on State and US roads. The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) conducts pavement inventory friction tests every year on interstates and every three years on State and US roads. The force transducers should be calibrated every month and the whole system performance verified every week so as to identify potential significant performance changes. A minimum of 3 to 5 test runs must be conducted for system verification. The standard smooth tire is recommended for INDOT network pavement inventory friction tests. In general, the friction number measured with the ribbed tire is greater than that with the smooth tire. However, the differences decrease as the surface texture becomes rougher. The average friction difference is about 20 on highway pavements. Friction test speed should be determined in light of the traffic conditions. Test speeds of 30 mph, 40 mph, and 50 mph are recommended for network pavement inventory friction testing. Determination of the minimum friction requirement should consider its impact on wet-pavement accidents and agency's budgets. Taking into account the minimum friction requirement recommended by NCHRP Report 37 and the differences between the ribbed and smooth tires, a friction number of 20 with the smooth tire at 40 mph is recommended as the minimum friction requirement for network pavement inventory friction testing. It was found that this requirement is economically reasonable.
Quantitative interferometric measurements of the refractive index and its applications

Optical interferometry is a non-contact method used for the imaging and measurement of the optical properties of small or large objects with nanoscale accuracy. Interferometers are essential optical systems in engineering and medical science and are generally used to measure refractive index changes, cell pathology and shape irregularities. The ability to provide quantitative, non-invasive measurements makes interferometers suitable candidates for the study of living cells in vivo and in vitro applications. In this study, a simple interferometric system capable of providing precise measurements of the refractive indices of transparent and semi-transparent mediums was designed and developed based on the Mach-Zehnder arrangement. During the development phase, the system was used to take precise measurements of the contrast factors of the three hydrocarbon components 1,2,3,4-Tetrtahydronaphtalenene (THN), Isobutylbenzen (IBB), and Dodecane (nC12), prepared in the laboratory. The results were also compared with the corresponding results obtained using the Abbemat refractometer. The results were in agreement with those obtained from both techniques as well as the results obtained from the literature, confirming the accuracy of the measurements obtained with the new system with deviations of ± 2.50×10-3. Blood analysis is a routine procedure used in medical diagnostics to confirm a patient’s condition. Measuring the optical properties of blood is difficult due to the non-homogenous nature of the blood itself. In addition, there is a lot of variation in the refractive indices reported in the literature. These are the reasons that motivated this research to develop an empirical model that can be used to predict the refractive index of human blood as a function of concentration, temperature and wavelength. The experimental measurements were conducted on mimicking phantom, that shows better stability compared to human blood, using the Abbemat Refractometer. The values obtained using the model was in substantial agreement with those obtained experimentally with standard deviations of ± 2.33×10-3. Once the accuracy of the interferometric system was confirmed, the system was used to study the refractive index and morphology of human red blood cells. The results of the analysis confirmed the system’s ability to determine refractive index and/or blood hematocrit values with appropriate clinical accuracy.
A STUDY ON APPLICATION OF STRATEGIC PLANNING MODELS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH TECHNIQUES IN OPENCAST MINING

Mining happens to be the second oldest industry in the world considering the agriculture as the first and the foremost. That primitive society relied nearly on mined produce that is reflected aptly through nomenclature such as Stone Age, Copper Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age. These nomenclatures rightly capture the ethos of the time that shows increasing complexity of people’s society’s relationship with mining produce and use of metals. Our remote ancestors did practice mining on hard rock. Mining remained with their common occupation to earn livelihood and meet their needs. Since they had meager requirement of fuels; their major need of fuel was met mostly from dense forests on the earth. As the time passed, they required to meet ever increasing standards of living. As a result, demand of fuel was felt as extremely necessary for the existence of mankind and it kept on growing. In order to meet ever increasing demand, mining of coal took a shape in one way or the other. N
A passive UHF RFID tag with a dynamic-Vth-cancellation rectifier

This paper presents a passive UHF RFID tag with a dynamic-Vth-cancellation (DVC) rectifier. In the rectifier, the threshold voltages of MOSFETs are cancelled by applying gate bias voltages, which are dynamically changed according to the states of the MOSFETs. The DVC rectifier enables both low ON-resistance and small reverse leakage of the MOSFETs, resulting in high power conversion efficiency (PCE). An area-efficient demodulator with a novel average detector is also designed, which takes advantage of the rectifier's first stage as the envelope detector. The whole tag chip is implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS process with a die size of 880 × 950 μm2. Measurement results show that the rectifier achieves a maximum PCE of 53.7% with 80 kΩ resistor load.
The effect of operating parameters and oscillator characteristics upon the phase angle between a locked X-band Gunn oscillator and its locking signal

Experiments have been carried out to measure the phase angle between a locked negative-resistance (Gunn) oscillator and its locking oscillator. Phase angle has been measured as a function of ambient temperature, oscillator bias voltage, locking power, and the voltage applied to a varactor tuning diode coupled into the locked oscillator. Results indicate that given a knowledge of the oscillator characteristics and the operating conditions, it is possible to predict, with reasonable accuracy, the phase of the locked oscillator. The relative merits of various methods of phase control are discussed and it is concluded that the best method is to use a varactor diode coupled into the negative-resistance oscillator.
Simulator for developing mobile robot control systems

A simulator is designed for developing and testing navigation and control strategies for mobile robots which provides an animation of a robot and its environment on a computer screen. The environment is two-dimensional consisting of walls and objects which can be either stationary or moving. Sensors for non-contact range measurement can be attached to the robot or placed in stationary positions in its environment. The operation of the simulator has been verified in tests on a reactive distributed control system for a mobile robot and a more common model-based navigation approach. Implementation of the simulator is made more flexible by using an object-oriented approach. © (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.