Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE HALO MASS FUNCTION FROM EXCURSION SET THEORY. II. THE DIFFUSING BARRIER

In excursion set theory, the computation of the halo mass function is mapped into a first-passage time process in the presence of a barrier, which in the spherical collapse model is a constant and in the ellipsoidal collapse model is a fixed function of the variance of the smoothed density field. However, N-body simulations show that dark matter halos grow through a mixture of smooth accretion, violent encounters, and fragmentations, and modeling halo collapse as spherical, or even as ellipsoidal, is a significant oversimplification. In addition, the very definition of what is a dark matter halo, both in N-body simulations and observationally, is a difficult problem. We propose that some of the physical complications inherent to a realistic description of halo formation can be included in the excursion set theory framework, at least at an effective level, by taking into account that the critical value for collapse is not a fixed constant δc, as in the spherical collapse model, nor a fixed function of the variance σ of the smoothed density field, as in the ellipsoidal collapse model, but rather is itself a stochastic variable, whose scatter reflects a number of complicated aspects of the underlying dynamics. Solving the first-passage time problem in the presence of a diffusing barrier we find that the exponential factor in the Press–Schechter mass function changes from exp{−δ2c/2σ2} to exp{−aδ2c/2σ2}, where a = 1/(1 + DB) and DB is the diffusion coefficient of the barrier. The numerical value of DB, and therefore the corresponding value of a, depends among other things on the algorithm used for identifying halos. We discuss the physical origin of the stochasticity of the barrier and, from recent N-body simulations that studied the properties of the collapse barrier, we deduce a value DB ≃ 0.25. Our model then predicts a ≃ 0.80, in excellent agreement with the exponential fall off of the mass function found in N-body simulations, for the same halo definition. Combining this result with the non-Markovian corrections computed in Paper I of this series, we derive an analytic expression for the halo mass function for Gaussian fluctuations and we compare it with N-body simulations.
Joint inversion of active and passive seismic data in Central Java

Seismic and volcanic activities in Central Java, Indonesia, the area of interest of this study, are directly or indirectly related to the subduction of the Indo-Australian plate. In the framework of the MERapi AMphibious EXperiments (MERAMEX), a network consisting of about 130 seismographic stations was installed onshore and offshore in Central Java and operated for more than 150 days. In addition, 3-D active seismic experiments were carried out offshore. In this paper, we present the results of processing combined active and passive seismic data, which contain traveltimes from 292 local earthquakes and additional airgun shots along three offshore profiles. The inversion was performed using the updated LOTOS-06 code that allows processing for active and passive source data. The joint inversion of the active and passive data set considerably improves the resolution of the upper crust, especially in the offshore area in comparison to only passive data. The inversion results are verified using a series of synthetic tests. The resulting images showan exceptionally strong low-velocity anomaly (−30 per cent) in the backarc crust northward of the active volcanoes. In the upper mantle beneath the volcanoes, we observe a low-velocity anomaly inclined towards the slab, which probably reflects the paths of fluids and partially melted materials in the mantle wedge. The crust in the forearc appears to be strongly heterogeneous. The onshore part consists of two high-velocity blocks separated by a narrow low-velocity anomaly, which can be interpreted as a weakened contact zone between two rigid crustal bodies. The recent Java Mw = 6.3 earthquake (2006/05/26-UTC) occurred at the lower edge of this zone. Its focal strike slip mechanism is consistent with the orientation of this contact.
A Survey Paper on Big Data and Hadoop

We live in an era where data is being generated by everything around us. The rate of data generation is so alarming, that it has engendered a pressing need to implement easy and cost-effective data storage mechanisms. Furthermore, big data needs to be analyzed for insights and attribute relationships, which can lead to better decision- making and efficient business strategies. The term ‘Big Data’ describes innovative techniques and technologies to capture, store, distribute, manage and analyze petabyte- or larger-sized datasets with high-velocity and different structures. Big data can be structured, unstructured or semi-structured, resulting in incapability of conventional data management methods. Data is generated from various different sources and can arrive in the system at various rates. In order to process these large amounts of data in an inexpensive and efficient way, parallelism is used. Big Data is a data whose scale, diversity, and complexity require new architecture, techniques, algorithms, and analytics to manage it and extract value and hidden knowledge from it. Hadoop is the core platform for structuring Big Data, and solves the problem of making it useful for analytics purposes. Hadoop is an open source software project that enables the distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of commodity servers. It is designed to scale up from a single server to thousands of machines, with a very high degree of fault tolerance.
Simulation of the dynamic behaviour of steam turbines with Modelica

Steam turbine technology is one of the leading technologies used in electricity production since more than one hundred years. In recent time requirements for steam turbines have been changing slowly. Steam turbines are not longer used in power plants with high operation times and a high full load share only, but are also implemented in combined cycle power plants or solar thermal power plants. This type of plants requires good dynamic behavior of the steam turbine due to fast and frequent start ups and daily cycling. To optimize the performance of this kind of power plants and their components it is necessary to simulate and analyze their dynamic behavior. Therefore, a general model approach for steam turbines within Modelica has been developed. This model approach is based on a general model, which can be adjusted to the necessary model depth as described in this paper. Steam turbines in a solar thermal power plant with direct steam generation must fulfill special requirements regarding their dynamic behavior. Hence, this model is applied as an example to explain the behavior of an industrial steam turbine used in such plants. Furthermore, this paper shows first results of simulations with turbine models. To validate the model, the results are compared with results from the Siemens internal steady state calculation tool. Since results stay within the estimated accuracy, the model approach can be used for further calculations. The dynamic behavior of the turbine is analyzed by using typical solar irradiance disturbances. This analysis shows that no critical operation points occur within the turbine.
Searching for highly obscured AGNs in the XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalog

The majority of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are obscured by large amounts of absorbing material that makes them invisible at many wavelengths. X-rays, given their penetrating power, provide the most secure way for finding these AGNs. The XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalog, of which 3XMM-DR4 is the latest version, is the largest catalog of X-ray sources ever produced; it contains about half a million detections. These sources are mostly AGNs. We have derived X-ray spectral fits for very many 3XMM-DR4 sources (114 000 observations, corresponding to ∼77 000 unique sources), which contain more than 50 source photons per detector. Here, we use as ubsample of� 1000 AGNs in the footprint of the SDSS area (covering 120 deg 2 ) with available spectroscopic redshifts. We searched for highly obscured AGNs by applying an automated selection technique based on X-ray spectral analysis that is capable of efficiently selecting AGNs. The selection is based on the presence of either a) flat rest-frame spectra from a simple power-law fit; b) flat observed spectra from an absorbed power-law fit; c) an absorption turnover, indicative of a high rest-frame column density; or d) the presence of an Fe Kα line with a large equivalent width (>500 eV). We found 81 highly obscured candidate sources. Subsequent detailed manual spectral fits revealed that 28 of them are heavily absorbed by column densities higher than 10 23 cm −2 . Of these 28 AGNs, 15 are candidate Compton-thick AGNs on the basis of either a high column density, consistent within the 90% confidence level with NH > 10 24 cm −2 , or a large equivalent width (>500 eV) of the Fe Kα line. Another six are associated with near-Compton-thick AGNs with column densities of ∼5 × 10 23 cm −2 . A combination of selection criteria a) and c) for low-quality spectra, and a) and d) for medium- to high-quality spectra, pinpoint highly absorbed AGNs with an efficiency of 80%.
Mobility Aware Optimal Resource Allocation in Heterogeneous Mobile Cloud Computing

Due to the significant advancement of Smartphone technology, the applications targeted for these devices are getting more and more complex and demanding of increased energy and computing resources. Mobile cloud computing (MCC) allows the Smartphones to perform these heavy computing tasks with the help of powerful any computing resource, namely, cloudlet, acts as cloud server attached to any access points (APs). However, the connectivity of mobile devices with a given AP is not continuous, rather sporadic with varying signal strengths. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of the cloudlet resources and the application requests put additional challenges in taking optimal code execution decision. Additionally, due to free space mobility patterns of mobile device user puts significant challenge on allocation of optimal computing resource for any incoming application code execution request. In this thesis, we develop a mobility aware optimal resource allocation mechanism for remote code execution in heterogeneous mobile cloud computing environment namely Mobi-Het. The Mobi-Het minimizes the response time and failure percentages of the remote code execution requests while it increases the load balancing among the cloudlets. Therefore, Mobi-Het can be formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem and its performance greatly depends on accurate prediction of sojourn time of a mobile device under each AP, estimated code execution time and workload distribution among the cloudlets. We have developed a time duration prediction scheme under each cloudlet by using smooth random mobility model, execution time measurement method-
Flat electronic bands in long sequences of rhombohedral-stacked graphene

The crystallographic stacking order in multilayer graphene plays an important role in determining its electronic properties. It has been predicted that a rhombohedral (ABC) stacking displays a conducting surface state with flat electronic dispersion. In such a flat band, the role of electron-electron correlation is enhanced possibly resulting in high Tc superconductivity, charge density wave or magnetic orders. Clean experimental band structure measurements of ABC stacked specimens are missing because the samples are usually too small in size. Here, we directly image the band structure of large multilayer graphene flake containing approximately 14 consecutive ABC layers. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments reveal the flat electronic bands near the K point extends by 0.13 {\AA}-1 at the Fermi level at liquid nitrogen temperature. First-principle calculations identify the electronic ground state as an antiferromagnetic state with a band gap of about 40 meV.
Treatment Results of Adjuvant Brachytherapy as Monotherapy in Endometrial Cancer: A Retrospective Study from Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University

Purpose: To report the retrospective study of using intravaginal brachytherapy as adjuvant monotherapy for endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: From 2001-2009, 47 patients who received completely surgical staging for endometrial carcinoma and were designed by multidisciplinary team were enrolled. All patients received intravaginal brachytherapy (IVBT) with the dose of 5.5 - 7 Gy in 2 - 6 fractions. The treatment results and late toxicities were evaluated and recorded. Results: At the median follow-up time of 44 months, the local control, disease-free survival, metastasis-free survival and overall survival rates were 100%, 97.9%, 97.9% and, 97.9%, respectively. Only age showed the statistical significance with the p-value of 0.046. Two patients (4.3%) developed late genitourinary toxicity. Conclusion: The using of adjuvant IVBT as monotherapy for endometrial carcinoma is feasible.
Development of a serious computer game based training module and its integration into working at heights mine site induction – paper II

This paper reports the findings of a collaborative project that developed and demonstrated a serious computer game (SCG) based simulation training module for mine site inductions. It is the second of two papers. The project was collaboration between the University of New South Wales, the University of Adelaide, BHP Billiton Olympic Dam Expansion, Resources and Engineering Skills Alliance, Training and Further Education South Australia and SkillsDMC. The pilot project was aimed at improving mine site inductions by developing a prototype SCG for trainers to incorporate into their regular training activities. The outcome was a high quality generic SCG that provides an interactive visualisation of an Australian mine site operation under construction. The SCG was tested under controlled conditions and subsequently deployed on site.
Explaining the Great Reversal in Spanish America

This article evaluates the relative strengths and weaknesses of fuzzy-set analysis and regression analysis for explaining the “great reversal” in Spanish America. From 1750 to 1900, the most marginal colonial territories often became the region’s wealthiest countries, whereas the most central colonial territories often became the region’s poorest countries. To explain this reversal, five competing hypotheses are tested using both regression and fuzzy-set methods. The fuzzy-set analysis reaches substantively important conclusions, finding that strong liberal factions are probabilistically necessary for economic development and that dense indigenous populations are probabilistically necessary for social underdevelopment. By contrast, the regression analysis generates findings that are not meaningful. The article concludes that fuzzy-set analysis and regression analysis operate in different “causal universes” and that greater attention should be granted to the causal universe occupied by fuzzy-set analysis.
Technical change and total factor productivity growth for Swedish manufacturing and service industries

This article presents alternative specifications of the production functions of a large panel of Swedish firms for the period 1992 to 2000. The period can be characterized as a transition when long-run productivity growth in the Swedish economy improved from being among the weakest to one of the strongest within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In order to present a detailed exploration of this dramatic change, the time trend and general index models are applied to estimate Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth, rate of technical change and returns to scale. The models are extended to allow for firm specific as well as time-varying technical change. The parametric TFP measures are also compared with the nonparametric Solow residual, and several hypotheses are tested to explain the growth patterns in the Swedish economy. It is found that the improved growth rate, initially starting in large exporting manufacturing firms, after a deep economic crisis at the beginning of the 1990s, spilled over to the rest of the economy, both manufacturing and services.
1 H, 15 N and 13 C Backbone Assignments and Secondary Structures of C-ter100 Domain of Vibrio Extracellular Metalloprotease Derived from Vibrio vulnificus

Magnetic Resonance Team, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, KoreaReceived June 26, 2012, Accepted July 6, 2012Vibrio extracellular metalloprotease (vEP), secreted from Vibrio vulnificus , shows various proteolytic functionsuch as prothrombin activation and fibrinolytic activities. Premature form of vEP has an N-terminal (nPP) anda C-terminal (C-ter100) re gion. The nPP and C-ter100 regions are autocl eaved for the matu red metalloproteaseactivity. It has been proposed that two regions play a key role in regulating enzymatic activity of vEP.Especially, C-ter100 has a regulatory function on proteolytic activity of vEP. C-ter100 domain has been clonedinto the E. coli expression vectors, pET32a and pG EX 4T-1 with TEV pr otease cleav age site and pu rified usinggel-filtration chromatography followed by affinity chromatography. To understand how C-ter100 modulatesproteolytic activity of vEP, structural studies were performed by heteronuclar multi-dimensional NMRspectroscopy. Backbone
Behavior of Capital Structure and Its Impact on Financial Performance: Empirical Study from Indonesian Listed Mining Sector in 2011-2015

The declining of China’s economic global as one of the Indonesia’s reference country on trading activities of mining firms because most of the mining commodities distribute to China as the importer. This condition has great impact on lower financial performance and also the capital structure as well. This study investigates the behavior of capital structure on mining sector that listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and impact of capital structure on financial performance. This study using an unbalanced panel data over five years (2011-2015). The results of this study show that capital structure decision on mining sector employs the balancing use of debts and equity while capital structure on each mining subsector has the different behavior (low and high leverage) and mining firms has a negative trend of financial performance during 2011-2015.The negative relationship between capital structure and financial performance based on pecking order theory because higher debts will impact on lower profitability. On the other hand, a positive relationship between capital structure and financial performance based on trade-off theory show that mining firm with higher debts will lead firm to the higher profitability level to avoid default risk. Thus, There is no specific capital structure theory for explaining the relationship between capital structure and financial performance.
Managing complex development projects - using the system anatomy

This paper investigates the use of a construct called the system anatomy for planning and controlling projects developing complex systems. The anatomy shows, in a compact form, the most crucial dependencies in the system from the perspective of how it 'comes-to-life', hence the concept of an 'anatomy'. The key point in using the anatomy for project planning is to develop and verify the system in the same order as it 'comes-to-life'. The project plan in made up in three steps. The first step is to define the anatomy itself. This is followed by the group- ing of functions into verifiable integration steps called increments. Finally, regular time and resource plans are made for each increment. Thus, the planning can be characterized as an integration driven procedure. This ap- proach has been used extensively at Ericsson, a leading manufacturer of telecommunication systems world wide. It has proven to be very successful, especially in terms of promoting communication and developing a shared under- standing about the project.
Further accuracy and convergence results on the modeling of flows down inclined planes by weighted-residual approximations

We study the reliability of two-dimensional models of film flows down inclined planes obtained by us [Ruyer-Quil and Manneville, Eur. Phys. J. B 15, 357 (2000)] using weighted-residual methods combined with a standard long-wavelength expansion. Such models typically involve the local thickness h of the film, the local flow rate q, and possibly other local quantities averaged over the thickness, thus eliminating the cross-stream degrees of freedom. At the linear stage, the predicted properties of the wave packets are in excellent agreement with exact results obtained by Brevdo et al. [J. Fluid Mech. 396, 37 (1999)]. The nonlinear development of waves is also satisfactorily recovered as evidenced by comparisons with laboratory experiments by Liu et al. [Phys. Fluids 7, 55 (1995)] and with numerical simulations by Ramaswamy et al. [J. Fluid Mech. 325, 163 (1996)]. Within the modeling strategy based on a polynomial expansion of the velocity field, optimal models have been shown to exist at a given order in the long-wavelength expansion. Convergence towards the optimum is studied as the order of the weighted-residual approximation is increased. Our models accurately and economically predict linear and nonlinear properties of film flows up to relatively high Reynolds numbers, thus offering valuable theoretical and applied study perspectives.
Implementation details of a computation model of the inner hair‐cell auditory‐nerve synapse

A simple and computationally efficient model of auditory-neural transduction at the inner hair cell has recently been described, (Meddis, 1986a nd 1988). This paper briefly presents a short computer program to implement the model, an exploration of the effects of modifying the parameters of the model, anew set of parameters for simulating an auditory nerve fiber showing amedium rate of spontaneous activity with extended ynamic range, and some methods of quickly estimating some of the characteristics. It is intended as advice for researchers who wish to implement he model as part of a speech recognition device or as input to another model of more centrally located neurophysiological functions.