Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innovative Eco-friendly Approaches for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Nanotechnology is an escalating field that has made its contribution to all spheres of human life. The green synthesis of nanoparticles has paved for better methodologies and approaches in the medicinal field. Nowadays silver, gold and other metallic nanoparticles are used as an efficient carrier for drug molecules for developing novel drug delivery systems. In course of synthesizing these nanoparticles various chemicals, solvents and reagents are used which harms our eco system directly or indirectly. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been widely used as a novel therapeutic agent extending its use as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory agent. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) prepared by green synthesis have many advantages over conventional methods involving chemical agents associated with environmental toxicity. Green synthetic methods include polysaccharide method, irradiation method, biological method, polyoxometallates method and tollens method. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is found to be an emerging branch of nanotechnology. The use of environmentally benign materials like plant leaf extract for the synthesis of nanoparticles offers numerous benefits of eco-friendliness and compatibility for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications as they do not use toxic chemicals in the synthesis protocols. Rapid and green synthetic methods using various plant extracts have shown a great potential in silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesis. This review article describes the bio-inspired synthesis of nanoparticles that provides advancement over chemical and physical methods as it is cost effective, eco-friendly and more effective in a variety of applications.
A systematic approach for performing literature reviews in electrical engineering

Bibliographic reviews can be limited when researchers face more specific and new challenges. One rising way to solve this is the systematic review. When performing one, there is a well-defined search, treatment, analysis, and display methodology, which follows the scientific method. In this paper, we propose a systematic review methodology for the electrical engineering field. This kind of methodology allows more objective, concrete, and useful results; bias reduction; and easy reproducibility. For clarification purposes, we provide a case study on sensors, transducers, and actuators for controlled environment agriculture, in which the methodology is applied.
Central and Eastern European Trade Unions after the EU Enlargement: Successes and Failures for Capacity Building

This article presents recent responses on the part of Central and Eastern European (CEE) trade unions to economic and social challenges in the post-enlargement period. Shifting the focus away from structural union weakness, the article looks at trade union potential for action, organizational capacity, resource building and policy influence. Despite their structural weaknesses, CEE unions demonstrate capacities that might enable them actively to shape working conditions and their internal resources are not completely depleted. However, the character of these resources and the kinds of union action have been changing. Traditional resources based on membership and involvement in collective bargaining have lost prominence in favour of unions’ increased focus on mobilization, public protests and political support.
PREDICTION OF FUTURE WATER CHEMISTRY FROM ISLAND COPPER MINE'S ON-LAND DUMPS

Island Copper Mine will close shortly and one part of closure planning involved predictions of water chemistry from the on-land waste-rock dumps over decades to centuries. The approach used to create the predictions entailed a statistical assessment of existing monitoring data, involving analyses of more than 5,800 drainage samples over 24 years. The results showed that aqueous concentrations have followed regular, predictable trends as pH evolved from pH-neutral to acidic conditions. As long as these acidic conditions persist, ranges of concentrations similar to those already measured are expected to continue. After acidic conditions dissipate and pH eventually returns to near-neutral levels, the predictable trends should again be followed. These trends were defined by empirical equations and were compiled into a "predictive water-chemistry model". This model predicts that copper in acidic water, for example, should have a mean annual concentration around 0.73 mg/L with low-high monthly averages of 0.14 and 3.7 mg/L.
Genetic Diversity of Quercus gilva in Je-ju Island

This study was to analyze the genetic diversity of Quercus gilva Blume growing in Jeju Island for developing a preservation strategy. We examined the genetic diversity and structure using 6 ISSR primers and investigated 67 polymorphic ISSR amplicons in 80 trees distributed among five populations. The average of proportion of polymorphic loci were 93%, the average level of Shannon’s information index was 0.237, and Nei’s genetic diversity was 0.156. According to the analysis of the molecular variance (AMOVA), Fst was 0.169 indicating there was a genetic variation among five populations. 17% of the total variation was allocated among the five populations, while the other 83% of the total variation was in individual trees in each population. The result could be due to the uneven number of trees among the five populations. Based on these results, the preservation strategy could be developed, for examples, considering for designation as “forest genetic resources conservation area” about the habitat, monitoring continuously, fostering the growth of seedling, ex situ preservation of genetic resources, and comparing the differences of environmental and genetic characteristic with population in ex situ.
Realization of Thin Film Encapsulation by Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 at Low Temperature

We investigated Al2O3 atomic layer deposition growth layer for encapsulation of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). It was found that surface properties of these O3-based Al2O3 were superior to those of H2O based Al2O3 grown at relative higher temperatures. Therefore, the water vapor transmission rate of ∼60 nm thick Al2O3 films can be reduced from 4.9 × 10–4 g/(m2 day) (80 °C–H2O) to 8.7 × 10–6 g/(m2 day) (80 °C–O3) under a controlled environment of 20 °C and relative humidity of 60%. Besides, the OLEDs integrated with 80 °C–O3 based Al2O3 film were undamaged, and their luminance decay time was altered to a considerable extent.
Understanding the Human Gut Microbiota: A Mathematical Approach

In order to explore the dynamics of the human gut microbiota, we used a system of ordinary differential equations to mathematically model the biomass of three microorganism populations: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Eubacterium rectale, and Methanobrevibacter smithii. Additionally, we modeled the concentrations of relevant nutrients necessary to sustain these populations over time. This system highlights the interactions and the competition among these species in order to further understand their dynamics. These three microorganisms were specifically chosen due to the system’s end product, butyrate, which aids in developing the intestinal barrier in the human gut. The basis of the mathematical model assumes the gut acts as a chemostat, with bacteria and nutrients exiting the gut at a rate proportional to the volume of the chemostat, the rate of volumetric flow, and the biomass or concentration of the particular population or nutrient. We performed global sensitivity analysis using Sobol’ sensitivities in order to estimate the importance of model parameters and to understand our results.
Temperature Dependence of Ideality Factors in Organic Solar Cells and the Relation to Radiative Efficiency

The value and temperature dependence of the ideality factor provides essential information about the dominant recombination route in solar cells. This study presents experimental results of accurate ideality factor determination for representative organic photovoltaic cells (OPV) evaluated at different temperatures over a large current density regime. It is noted that standard dark I–V curves strongly deviate from those obtained by evaluations based on short circuit current density (J SC)–open circuit voltage (V OC) pairs. This is attributed to the applied external voltage in a dark I–V measurement not being representative of internal chemical potential, particularly at lower temperatures. Complementary electroluminescence measurements attest that the current density dependence of the ability of the solar cell to emit light is better correlated to the series resistance free ideality factor. For the studied set of OPV devices it is observed that the ideality factors are quite low, and with very weak temperature dependence. The J SC–V OC method to determine ideality factors further allows good estimates of activation energies as well as recombination current prefactors J 00. The findings imply that the principal OPV non‐radiative recombination mechanism is not recombination of free carriers with trapped carriers in an exponential density of tail states as previously reported.
The K content of the K-feldspars being measured in optical dating or in thermoluminescence dating

Mejdahl (1983, 1985) suggested the use of separated potassium feldspars for dating, and showed the feasibility of this. We address here the question of what is the correct potassium content to use to evaluate the β dose rate from the potassium within the grains. Pure K-feldspar, KAlSi3O8, has 14.0 wt. % K. The grains in a sediment generally consist of a highly inhomogeneous collection and one can expect grains to be present with a range of K contents between 0 and 14%. The laboratory procedures designed to separate Kfeldspars are not perfect and usually result in the presence of other minerals such as quartz and plagioclase feldspars. The situation is further complicated by the fact that different mineral grains have different luminescence sensitivities and it is not unusual to find that most of the light that is being measured arises from a small fraction of the grains of an aliquot. The one observation that appears to make the problem tractable is that it is generally observed that there is a positive correlation between luminescence sensitivity and potassium content. Our approach to the problem has been to note that 14% is the maximum possible value of the K content, and that a minimum value can be determined from the average K content of the separated grains. The grains are separated using standard procedures. These are an HCl treatment to dissolve carbonates, sieving to select a grain size, a 6 minute HF etch to clean, but not dissolve the grains, an HCl treatment to dissolve precipitated fluorides, sieving to remove small fragments, selection of the < 2.58 g cm fraction using an aqueous solution of sodium polytungstate, and magnetic separation. After optical dating measurements the grains are recovered and about 0.3 g sent for commercial atomic-absorption analysis; the K contents so obtained for a variety of samples are given in the table.
Solution chemistry behavior of sodium silicate in flotation of fluorite and scheelite

Complex solution system can be difficult to deal with by conventional solution chemistry calculation. In order to avoid this problem and investigate the influence of sodium silicate on the flotation of scheelite from fluorite, Newton-Raphson method was applied to solution chemistry calculation. And a new kind of species distribution diagram was drawn in terms of changing the total concentration of sodium silicate rather than the activity of silicate or hydrogen ion. According to the study of single-mineral flotation tests, electrokinetic measurements and species distribution diagrams, the selective surface precipitation of calcium silicate on the fluorite was identified to be the major depression mechanism of fluorite in the flotation of separating scheelite from fluorite using sodium silicate as the modifier and sodium oleate as the collector. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic(XPS) analyses also provided strong evidence for this conclusion. The results show that the selective depression of scheelite flotation from fluorite can be achieved under conditions of moderate depression. The evaluated surface precipitation concentrations are in good agreement with the results of flotation experiments and XPS analysis results. This study also confirms that solution chemistry calculation with Newton-Raphson method has practical value in the interpretation and prediction of mineral flotation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes based on Tridentate [N–NP] and [N–NS] Ligands and Their Applications in Norbornene Polymerization

The series of anilido-imine N–NP and N–NS tridentate nickel and palladium complexes [(ArNHC6H4CH═NPh-2-XPh)MCl] (X = PPh, Ar = 2,6-Me2C6H3, M = Ni (2a), X = PPh, Ar = 2,6-Et2C6H3, M = Ni (2b); X = PPh, Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3, M = Ni (2c); X = S, Ar = Ph, M = Ni (2d); X = S, Ar = 2,6-Me2C6H3, M = Ni (2e); X = S, Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3, M = Ni (2f); X = PPh, Ar = 2,6-Me2C6H3, M = Pd (3a); X = PPh, Ar = 2,6-Et2C6H3, M = Pd (3b); X = PPh, Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3, M = Pd (3c)) were synthesized. All the complexes were fully characterized by IR, NMR and elemental analyses. X-ray diffraction analyses on complexes 2a,c and 3a revealed an almost square-planar coordination of the central metal. After activation with methylaluminoxane (MAO), the nickel(II) complexes 2a–f can be used as catalysts for norbornene polymerization to produce vinyl addition type polynorbornene (PNB) with high catalytic activities, up to 5.82 × 107 g of PNB (mol of Ni)−1 h–1, while poor catalytic activities are found for the palladium complexes 3a–c.
Highly conductive polymer materials based multi-walled carbon nanotubes as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

ABSTRACT Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxxythiophene) (PEDOT), polyaniline (PANI) and polythiophene (PTh) based multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites were successfully prepared using RF-rotating plasma grafting method. Morphological characterizations of composites were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed that conducting polymers (CPs) of PEDOT, PANI and PTh were coated on the surface of CNTs. The surface properties of the Carbon Nanotube (CNT) composites were also determined by using Infrared Spectra (FT-IR), X-ray Photon Spectra (XPS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectra (SEM-EDX) analysis. X-ray photon spectra results confirmed the formation of the composites. Composites of MWCNT were used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as counter electrodes and exhibited short-circuit photocurrent densities of 11.19, 10.70 and 8.54 mA/cm2 for PANI/MWCNT, PTh/MWCNT and PEDOT/CNT, respectively. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Experimental Research on the Distribution of Chloride Ion Migration in Concrete Cover during Electrochemical Chloride Extraction Treatment

Electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) technology can effectively remove chloride ions inside concrete cover and can improve the durability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The distribution of chloride ion migration during ECE treatment should be studied further. This paper focused on two research topics. The first topic was how chloride ions became distributed from the electro migration over time, especially during short term ECE treatments. The second topic was how the chloride ions distributed along the depth of the concrete cover. A special ECE treatment device was designed to establish electric field of chloride removal in order to obtain desirable effects. It was found that the most efficient period of treatment occurred in the first few days. Thus, indoor experiments could be useful for determining the end time of ECE treatment. Also, relatively higher amounts of chloride ions in surface concrete were observed, and therefore, the long-term durability of concrete after ECE treatment should be examined.
Copper, Nickel and Cobalt Extraction from FeCuNiCoMn Alloy Obtained after Pyrometallurgical Processing of Deep Sea Nodules

During pyro-reduction smelting of manganese deep sea nodules from the Clairon Clipperton zone in the Pacific Ocean the copper, nickel and cobalt are concentrated in intermediate product – polymetallic alloy. Characteristic property of the alloy is its high content of iron (65.90%) in compared to copper (12.07 %), nickel (12.81%), cobalt (1.33%) and manganese (5.33 %). In this paper, a hydrometallurgical scheme for recovery of copper, nickel and cobalt from such an alloy is proposed. The developed scheme includes the following processes: i) selective dissolution of alloy in sulfuric acid in the presence of sulfur dioxide to produce copper-rich (54.9%) sulphide residue and a solution containing iron, nickel, cobalt and manganese; ii) sulphide precipitation of nickel and cobalt from the solution; iii) hydrolysis purification of the solution from iron and manganese; iv) autoclave dissolution of copper and nickel-cobalt sulphide precipitates; v) separation of cobalt from nickel by solvent extraction with Cyanex 272 . The obtained electrolytes have a composition suitable for the extraction of copper, nickel and cobalt by electrowinning. The main advantage of the proposed scheme is the possibility for achievement of a high non-ferrous metals extraction from the alloy and obtaining of copper, nickel and cobalt cathode deposits with standard purity.
Information System Design for Calculating the Reliability of Electricity Distribution System in Pekalongan Substation Based on Android OS

Reliability of distribution networks is a factor that greatly affects customers as consumers of electricity. Analyzing and calculating the reliability of distribution networks are determined by the reliability index including SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIDI, and ASAI. On the other hand, smartphone technology is growing rapidly with a variety of applications to help simplify and accelerate human work in several fields of work. This paper delivers the design of an Android-phone-based analytic tool for distribution system reliability index measurement by developing it on Android application software. This application is named KALINDA, stands for Kalkulator Indeks Keandalan (Reliability Index Calculator), and created by using Android Studio IDE. We compare the data result between KALINDA calculations and manual calculations. The results obtained from the KALINDA application are declared to be valid accurate.
The Advent of the COVID-19 Epidemic Did Not Affect Americans’ Endorsement of Moral Foundations

Prior work has suggested that existential threats in the form of terror attacks may shift liberals’ reliance on moral foundations to more resemble those of conservatives. We therefore hypothesized that endorsement of these moral foundations would have increased when the COVID-19 epidemic became a salient threat. To examine this hypothesis we conducted a longitudinal study with 237 American participants across the liberal-conservative spectrum, in which their endorsement of various moral foundations were measured before and after the advent of the pandemic. We did not find evidence of any systematic change in the endorsement of any moral foundation, neither in general nor specifically among liberals or specifically among those who perceived the greatest threat from COVID-19. We conclude that the threat from the pandemic does not seem to have had any substantial effect on the moral foundations that people rely on. We discuss how this finding relates to other longitudinal studies of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on measures related to conservatism.
Green synthesis of MgO nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera leaf aqueous extract for antibacterial activity

Nanoparticle fabrication using plant extracts is an important alternative method because it is nontoxic, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. In this study, green synthesis of MgO nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera leaf water extracts was conducted by mixing the extract and a solution of magnesium chloride. The product was characterized using different techniques, i.e. UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The UV-Vis spectrum of MgO nanoparticles shows an absorption at 280 nm. The size of the synthesized MgO nanoparticles ranges from 20-50 nm. The antibacterial activity of MgO nanoparticles was seen from the zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (6.3 mm) and against Escherichia coli (6 mm). MgO nanoparticles have been successfully fabricated using Moringa oleifera leaf aqueous extracts, providing an alternative method for synthesizing MgO nanoparticles.
The Influence of Online Interactive Service for Customer Relationship Management Strategy

Utilizing thinteractive nature of online shopping allows consumers to communicate more effectively with retailers on a one-to-one basis. This study investigates how e-interactivity (online interactivity) affects consumer attitude and further behavior such as perceived value, trust, satisfaction, and loyalty by defining multiple dimensions of e-interactivity. One of the significant findings from the study indicates that perceived two-way communication has the stronger power to explain perceived value as well as satisfaction than the perceived control over the website. Managerial implications are further discussed for retail customer relationship management.
Targeted disruption of Bcl-2af3 in mice.: Occurrence of gray hair, polycystic kidney disease, and lymphocytopenia

Mice carrying ablated coding regions of the bd-2a and bd-2P transcripts have been made. bl-2-- mu-tants are smaller but viable, although about half ofthem die by 6 weeks of age. As shown earlier with somatic bcl-2 gene-targeted mice, the number of lymphocytes mark decreased within few weeks after birth while other hematopoietic lineages remained unaffected. Among lymphocytes, CD8+ T cells disappeared most quickly followed by CD4+ T cells, whereas B cells were least affected. bcl-2-1- lymphocytes, however, could respond normally to various stimuli including antl-CD3, Con A, phorbol 12-myriste 13-acetate plus lonomycin, interleukin 2, lipopolysaccharide, and anti-IgM antibody. Abnormalities among nonlymphold organs include smaller auricles, hair color turning gray at 4-5 weeks of age, and polycystic kidney diseas-like change of renal tubules. These results suggest that Bd-2 may be involved durin morphogenesis where Inductive interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme are important such as in the kidneys, hair follicles, and perichondrium of auricles. Surprigly, the nervous system, intestines, and skin appear normal despite the fact that these organs show high levels of endogeneous