Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Cloud Computing: A Systematic Review

These days, the Cloud Computing is probably the most considerable technology in the IT sector. It is broadly made use to deliver services well over the internet for both low priced and technical motives. Cloud Computing support virtualization technique over the internet to meet the stretchy demand of the users with less interaction by having service provider. For that reason users are progressively engaging toward this trend. In this paper, we presented brief review of Cloud Computing; it also includes comparative study between Cloud Computing, Distributed, Utility, Cluster, and Grid Computing and also three deployment model and service model. This paper also lay out brief discussion of the main characteristics of cloud computing, benefits, challenges and its applications.
SYNTHESIS OF NEW COMPLEX YLIDENETRIPHENYLPHOSPHORANES FROM THE REACTION OF ARYLIDENEMALONONITRILES WITH WITTIG-REAGENTS

Abstract The resonance-stabilized Wittig reagent 2 adds to the exocyclic ethylenic linkage of the arylidene malononitriles 1a–g to yield the new complex ylidenetriphenylphosphoranes 4a–g. The reaction is regiospecific which yields the E conformers of structure “4c”. Possible reaction mechanisms are considered and structures of the new products were confirmed on the basis of elemental analyses and spectral studies.
Quantum correlations of Light-Matter interactions

This thesis offers novel strategies for the measurement of quantum correlations present in controllable quantum systems, as well as for a full-fledged implementation of the models of light-matter interaction through which these correlations can be generated. We propose the use of an ancillary qubit to efficiently access both time-correlation functions and entanglement monotones, and we provide two experimental demonstrations of our methods, measuring time correlations in an NMR setup and entanglement monotones in a photonic system. Moreover, we explain how time-correlation functions could be exploited for the quantum simulation of open quantum dynamics, and we provide an experimental recipe for the measurement of entanglement monotones in trapped ion technologies. On the other hand, we explore the quantum simulation of quantum optical models of light-matter interaction for inaccessible coupling regimes, providing experimental proposals for their implementation, both in ions and superconducting circuits. Finally, we also provide an experimental proposal for the quantum simulation of spin models in trapped ions following a digital-analog simulation scheme.
X-Shooter study of accretion in $\rho$-Ophiucus: very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs

We present new VLT/X-Shooter optical and NIR spectra of a sample of 17 candidate young low-mass stars and BDs in the rho-Ophiucus cluster. We derived SpT and Av for all the targets, and then we determined their physical parameters. All the objects but one have M*<0.6 Msun, and 8 have mass below or close to the hydrogen-burning limit. Using the intensity of various emission lines present in their spectra, we determined the Lacc and Macc for all the objects. When compared with previous works targeting the same sample, we find that, in general, these objects are not as strongly accreting as previously reported, and we suggest that the reason is our more accurate estimate of the photospheric parameters. We also compare our findings with recent works in other slightly older star-forming regions to investigate possible differences in the accretion properties, but we find that the accretion properties for our targets have the same dependence on the stellar and substellar parameters as in the other regions. This leads us to conclude that we do not find evidence for a different dependence of Macc with M* when comparing low-mass stars and BDs. Moreover, we find a similar small (1 dex) scatter in the Macc-M* relation as in some of our recent works in other star-forming regions, and no significant differences in Macc due to different ages or properties of the regions. The latter result suffers, however, from low statistics and sample selection biases in the current studies. The small scatter in the Macc-M* correlation confirms that Macc in the literature based on uncertain photospheric parameters and single accretion indicators, such as the Ha width, can lead to a scatter that is unphysically large. Our studies show that only broadband spectroscopic surveys coupled with a detailed analysis of the photospheric and accretion properties allows us to properly study the evolution of disk accretion rates.
Two-Stage Transfer Learning for Heterogeneous Robot Detection and 3D Joint Position Estimation in a 2D Camera Image Using CNN

Collaborative robots are becoming more common on factory floors as well as regular environments, however, their safety still is not a fully solved issue. Collision detection does not always perform as expected and collision avoidance is still an active research area. Collision avoidance works well for fixed robot-camera setups, however, if they are shifted around, Eye-to-Hand calibration becomes invalid making it difficult to accurately run many of the existing collision avoidance algorithms. We approach the problem by presenting a stand-alone system capable of detecting the robot and estimating its position, including individual joints, by using a simple 2D colour image as an input, where no Eye-to-Hand calibration is needed. As an extension of previous work, a two-stage transfer learning approach is used to re-train a multi-objective convolutional neural network (CNN) to allow it to be used with heterogeneous robot arms. Our method is capable of detecting the robot in real-time and new robot types can be added by having significantly smaller training datasets compared to the requirements of a fully trained network. We present data collection approach, the structure of the multi-objective CNN, the two-stage transfer learning training and test results by using real robots from Universal Robots, Kuka, and Franka Emika. Eventually, we analyse possible application areas of our method together with the possible improvements.
Sector-Based Compression and Compression Strategy Selection Method for Column Stores

Compression technology is an important research field in column-oriented management system.However,most previous compression techniques for column-oriented data use same algorithm for all columns,ignoring the local distribution of data,which greatly degrade the compression performance.This paper proposes a sector-based compress pattern,under such pattern further provides a novel learning-based compression strategy selection method for column stores.First,data column is divided into sectors in the method.The neighbor sector information and the statistic information of the column with the given sector respectively are extracted as two references.Then by learning the similarity between the reference and the given sector the recommended compression strategy can be obtained.Finally,the recommended compression strategy is improved by partly learning the given sector to guarantee the effectiveness of it.The experimental results on data warehouse benchmark data set SSB testify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
An Optimized Model for MapReduce Based on Hadoop

Aiming at the waste of computing resources resulting from sequential control of running mechanism of MapReduce model on Hadoop platform，Fork/Join framework has been introduced into this model to make full use of CPU resource of each node. From the perspective of fine-grained parallel data processing, combined with Fork/Join framework，a parallel and multi-thread model，this paper optimizes MapReduce model and puts forward a MapReduce+Fork/Join programming model which is a distributed and parallel architecture combined with coarse-grained and fine-grained on Hadoop platform to Support two-tier levels of parallelism architecture both in shared and distributed memory machines. A test is made under the environment of Hadoop cluster composed of four nodes. And the experimental results prove that this model really can improve performance and efficiency of the whole system and it is not only suitable for handling tasks with data intensive but also tasks with computing intensive. it is an effective optimization and improvement to the MapReduce model of big data processing.
Design and Implementation of Visual Data Structures Class Library in Java

JVDSCL(Visual Data Structures Class Library in Java) implements the data structures visualization through the visualization technology.This paper presents an extendible method to visualize data structures,and the basic algorithms frame of the key layout for various data structures visualization.JVDSCL can be used in visual debugging and learning programming,improving software visualization,reusability and software development efficiency.
3D modelling of the colliding winds in η Carinae – evidence for radiative inhibition

The X-ray emission from the super-massive star η Car is simulated using a three dimensional model of the wind-wind collision. In the model the intrinsic X-ray emission is spatially extended and energy dependent. Absorption due to the unshocked stellar winds and the cooled postshock material from the primary LBV star is calculated as the intrinsic emission is ray-traced along multiple sightlines through the 3D spiral structure of the circumstellar environment. The observable emission is then compared to available X-ray data, including the lightcurve observed by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) and spectra observed by XMM-Newton. The orientation and eccentricity of the orbit are explored, as are the wind parameters of the stars and the nature and physics of their close approach. Our modelling supports a viewing angle with an inclination of ≃ 42 ◦ , consistent with the polar axis of the Homunculus nebula (Smith 2006), and the projection of the observer’s line-of-sight onto the orbital plane has an angle of ≃ 0 − 30 ◦ in the prograde direction on the apastron side of the semi-major axis. However, there are significant discrepancies between the observed and model lightcurves and spectra through the X-ray minimum. In particular, the hard flux in our synthetic spectra is an order of magnitude greater than observed. This suggests that the hard X-ray emission near the apex of the wind-wind collision region (WCR) ‘switches off’ from periastron until 2 months afterwards. Further calculations reveal that radiative inhibition significantly reduces the preshock velocity of the companion wind. As a consequence the hard X-ray emission is quenched, but it is unclear whether the long duration of the minimum is due solely to this mechanism alone. For instance, it is possible that the collapse of the WCR onto the surface of the companion star, which would be aided by significant inhibition of the companion wind, could cause an extended minimum as the companion wind struggles to re-establish itself as the stars recede. For orbital eccentricities, e ∼ 0.95, radiative braking prevents a wind collision with the companion star’s surface. Models incorporating a collapse/disruption of the WCR and/or reduced preshock companion wind velocities bring the predicted emission and the observations into much better agreement.
LEXICAL COLLOCATIONS (VERB + NOUN) ACROSS WRITTEN ACADEMIC GENRES IN ENGLISH

The dominance of syntactic studies in linguistics has caused lexis and grammar to be perceived as two distinct categories. With introduction of the paradigm of cognitive linguistics, the studies in syntax have been replaced by those in lexis and concepts. Semantics has come to the fore through the studies in cognitive linguistics, and there has been a trend from syntactic studies to lexical ones. In addition to research in cognitive linguistics, construction grammar has also emphasized the continuum between lexis and grammar. With the emergence of corpus linguistics, the studies regarding the continuum between lexis and grammar have gained momentum, and thus studies of collocations have been theorized. Early studies of collocations have focused on only lexis and disregarded grammar. However, in the process, the studies have also incorporated grammar as well, and this view supports the idea that each word has its own grammatical properties. Therefore, lexis and grammar should be studied on the same continuum because there is a continuum between these two categories rather than a discontinuum. Within the framework of this paradigm, this study focused on verb+noun lexical collocations across the health, physical and social sciences in the written academic genre and analyzed these lexical collocations through the frequency and chi-square analysis. The study aimed to search for commonalities and differences between the verbs with their collocations. The results showed that there were more similarities and relationship between the health and physical sciences, while the social sciences indicated a significant difference compared to the other two. The study found 165 common verbs used across the three sciences. 12 verbs among the 165 verbs were found to be candidate’s verb+noun lexical collocations as prototypes. Article visualizations:
THE X-RAY POLARIZATION SIGNATURE OF QUIESCENT MAGNETARS: EFFECT OF MAGNETOSPHERIC SCATTERING AND VACUUM POLARIZATION

In the magnetar model, the quiescent non-thermal soft X-ray emission from anomalous X-ray pulsars and soft gamma repeaters is thought to arise from resonant Comptonization of thermal photons by charges moving in a twisted magnetosphere. Robust inference of physical quantities from observations is difficult, because the process depends strongly on geometry, and current understanding of the magnetosphere is not very deep. The polarization of soft X-ray photons is an independent source of information, and its magnetospheric imprint remains only partially explored. In this paper, we calculate how resonant cyclotron scattering would modify the observed polarization signal relative to the surface emission, using a multidimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer code that accounts for the gradual coupling of polarization eigenmodes as photons leave the magnetosphere. We employ a globally twisted, self-similar, force-free magnetosphere with a power-law momentum distribution, assume a blackbody spectrum for the seed photons, account for general relativistic light deflection close to the star, and assume that vacuum polarization dominates the dielectric properties of the magnetosphere. The latter is a good approximation if the pair multiplicity is not much larger than unity. Phase-averaged polarimetry is able to provide a clear signature of the magnetospheric reprocessing of thermal photons and to constrain mechanisms generating the thermal emission. Phase-resolved polarimetry, in addition, can characterize the spatial extent and magnitude of the magnetospheric twist angle at ∼100 stellar radii, and discern between uni- or bidirectional particle energy distributions, almost independently of every other parameter in the system. We discuss prospects for detectability with the Gravity and Extreme Magnetism (GEMS) mission.
Improved statistical edge detection through neural networks

The paper details a novel and successful method for multi-statistic edge detection. The detector works by analyzing the texture properties of different regions within an image, and through the use of neural networks classifying the location and direction of any edges. The detailed technique is illustrated for use both on Histological Mouse Embryo Atlas (MA) images, and also real image data. The overall accuracy of this novel technique is extensively tested using a novel grey-scale performance measure (GFOM) which allows a robustness in the results unavailable with visual inspection alone. The filter is illustrated to outperform the traditional Canny edge detector which is seen as the benchmark for edge detection. The technique presented within the paper can be applied to a variety of low level medical imaging applications and is particularly suited to images containing high levels of noise and texture where the traditional methods of edge detection prove less successful.
A search for H i 21 cm absorption towards a radio-selected quasar sample – II. A new low spin temperature DLA at high redshift

We report results from a deep search for redshifted HI 21cm absorption from eight damped Lyman-$\alpha$ absorbers (DLAs) detected in our earlier optical survey for DLAs towards radio-loud quasars. HI 21cm absorption was detected from the $z = 2.192$ DLA towards TXS2039+187, only the sixth case of such a detection at $z > 2$, while upper limits on the HI 21cm optical depth were obtained in six other DLAs at $z > 2$. Our detection of HI 21cm absorption in the eighth system, at $z = 2.289$ towards TXS0311+430, has been reported earlier. We also present high spatial resolution images of the background quasars at frequencies close to the redshifted HI 21cm line frequency, allowing us to estimate the covering factor of each DLA, and then determine its spin temperature $T_s$. For three non-detections of HI 21cm absorption, we obtain strong lower limits on the spin temperature, $T_s \gtrsim 790$ K, similar to the bulk of the high-$z$ DLA population; three other DLAs yield weak lower limits, $T_s > 140-400$ K. However, for the two DLAs with detections of HI 21cm absorption, the derived spin temperatures are both low $T_s = (160 \pm 35) \times (f/0.35)$ K for the $z = 2.192$ DLA towards TXS2039+187 and $T_s = (72 \pm 18) \times (f/0.52)$ K for the $z = 2.289$ DLA towards TXS0311+430. These are the first two DLAs at $z > 1$ with $T_s$ values comparable to those obtained in local spiral galaxies. Based on the observed correlations between spin temperature and metallicity and velocity spread and metallicity in DLAs, we suggest that the hosts of the two absorbers are likely to be massive, high-metallicity galaxies.
Monstrous Product CFTs in the Grand Canonical Ensemble

We study symmetric products of the chiral 'Monster' conformal field theory with c=24 in the grand canonical ensemble by introducing a complex parameter \rho, whose imaginary part represents the chemical potential \mu conjugate to the number of copies of the CFT. The grand canonical partition function is given by the DMVV product formula in terms of the multiplicities of the seed CFT. It possesses an O(2,2;\ZZ) symmetry that enhances the familiar SL(2,\ZZ) modular invariance of the canonical ensemble and mixes the modular parameter \tau with the parameter \rho. By exploiting this enhanced modular symmetry and the pole structure of the DMVV product formula we are able to extend the region of validity of Cardy's formula, and explain why it matches the semi-classical Bekenstein-Hawking formula for black holes all the way down to the AdS-scale. We prove that for large c the spectrum contains a universal perturbative sector whose degeneracies obey Hagedorn growth. The transition from Cardy to Hagedorn growth is found to be due to the formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate of ground state CFTs at low temperatures. The grand canonical partition function has an interesting phase structure, which in addition to the standard Hawking-Page transition between low and high temperature, exhibits a wall-crossing transition that exchanges the roles of \tau and \rho.
Studying the relationship between network measurement parameters and available bandwidth for accurate estimation

Accurate available bandwidth measurement is very useful for network performance modeling, system administrators who want to transfer large amounts of data from one data repository to another, in case of grid, job schedulers, use the prior knowledge about the available bandwidth while scheduling the job and performing any data intensive activity over the grid. Unfortunately, available bandwidth is also very difficult parameter to measure which is further dependent on many factors especially over very heterogeneous environment such as the internet. A lot of research is carried out these days over the techniques to measure the available bandwidth but none of them provide us with 100% accurate results. In this paper we would discuss relationships of different parameters with available bandwidth i.e. jitter, packet loss, throughput and blocking probability. These factors play a very important role in the accurate measurement of available bandwidth but at the same time they are very rarely given consideration while measurement of available bandwidth. This paper highlights the importance of these parameters while measuring available bandwidth. In addition, a new approach for fast detecting certain information in a channel is presented. The entire data are collected together in a long vector and then tested as a one input pattern. Proposed fast time delay neural networks (FTDNNs) use cross correlation in the frequency domain between the tested data and the input weights of neural networks. It is proved mathematically and practically that the number of computation steps required for the presented time delay neural networks is less than that needed by conventional time delay neural networks (CTDNNs). Simulation results using MATLAB confirm the theoretical computations.
Spatiotemporal variation of aerosol and potential long-range transport impact over Tibetan Plateau, China

Abstract. The long-term temporal-spatial variations of aerosol optical properties in Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the potential long-range transport from surrounding areas to TP were analyzed in this work, by using multiple years of sunphotometer measurements (CE318) at five stations in TP, satellite aerosol productions from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), back-trajectory analysis from the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) and model simulation of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem chemistry transport model. The results from ground-based observations show that the annual aerosol optical depth (AOD) at most TP sites increased in the past decades with trends of 0.001 ± 0.003/year at Lhasa, 0.013 ± 0.003/year at Mt_WLG, 0.002 ± 0.002/year at NAM_CO, and 0.000 ± 0.002/year at QOMS_CAS. The increasing trend is also found for the aerosol Extinction Ångstrom exponent (EAE) at most sites, except for Mt_WLG sites with an obvious decreasing trend. Spatially, the AOD observed from MODIS shows negative trends in the northwest edge closed to the Taklimakan Desert and east of the Qaidam Basin and slightly positive trends in most of the other area of TP. Different aerosol types and sources contribute to the polluted day (with CE318 AOD at 440 nm > 0.4) in the five sites of TP: dust dominant in Lhasa, Mt_WLG and Muztagh with sources from the Taklimakan Desert but fine aerosol pollution dominant at NAM_CO and QOMS_CAS with the transport from South Asia. A case of aerosol pollution at Lhasa, NAM_CO and QOMS_CAS during 28 April–3 May 2016 reveals that the smoke aerosols in South Asia were lifted up to 10 km and transported to TP, while the dust from Taklimakan Desert could climb the north slope of TP and then be transported to center TP. The long-range transport thereby seriously impact aerosol loading over the TP.