Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Haemolysin Activities in Vibrio vulnificus

[Abstract] VvhA produced by Vibrio vulnificus exhibits cytolytic activity to human cells including erythrocytes. Since haemolysis by VvhA may provide iron for bacterial growth and pathogenicity, we investigated the expression of VvhA to elucidate the regulatory roles of Fur, a major transcription factor controlling iron-homeostasis. Fur repressed the transcription of vvhBA operon via binding to the promoter region. However, haemolysin content and haemolytic activity were lowered in cell-free supernatant of fur mutant. This discrepancy between the levels of vvhA transcript and VvhA protein in fur mutant was caused by exoproteolytic activities of the elastase VvpE and another metalloprotease VvpM, which were also regulated by Fur. vvpE gene expression was repressed by Fur via binding to the Fur-box homologous region. Regulation of VvpM expression by Fur did not occur at the level of vvpM transcription. In vitro proteolysis assays showed that both proteases efficiently degraded VvhA. In addition, the extracellular levels of VvhA were higher in culture supernatants of vvpE or vvpM mutants than in the wild type. Thus this study demonstrates that Fur regulates haemolysin production at the transcription level of the vvhBA operon and at the post-translation level by regulating the expressions of two VvhAdegrading exoproteases, VvpE and VvpM. This protocol can be applied to other Vibrio strains with haemolysin activities, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) or other human pathogen strains with similar heamolysin activities.
Investigation and analysis on the self-regulated learning competencies of nursing undergraduates

Objective To investigate the self-regulated learning status of nursing undergraduates in order to cultivate their serf-regulated learning pertinently.Methods A total of 200 nursing undergraduates(grade 1～4)were investigated using SRSSDL.Results The difference of total score of self-regulated learning ability between grades was obvious.and the speciality attitude had significant effect on self-regulated learning.Conclusions Contrast to previous stuay,the present self-regulated learning of nursing undergraduates have been improved.Nursing educators should pay attention to enhance students'speciality identification and cultivate their pertinently according to their grades. Key words: Nursing education; Nursing undergraduates; Self-regulated learning
Foraging Behavior and Dominance Hierarchy in Colonies of the Neotropical Social Wasp Polistesferreri (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in Different Stages of Development

The neotropical social wasps are organized in accordance with a linear hierarchy of dominance, which determines the labor division within each colony. The eusocial wasp Polistes ferreri Saussure is found spread over a territory that goes from the Bahia State to the Rio Grande do Sul State of Brazil and still further to Argentina, Uruguay and Bolivia in South America. The main purposes of this study were to describe the foraging activity patterns, as well as to verify the dominance hierarchy's relationship to this activity in Polistes ferreri colonies, during the pre-emergence and the post-emergence stages. A total of seven colonies, located in the Municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were set under observation (four in the pre-emergence stage and three in the post-emergence stage), for a total of 84 study hours of behavioral records. The foraging activity was more intense for the colonies in the post-emergence stage (2.05 returns/hour). In the two studied stages, nectar was the main material being collected (57.34% in pre-emergence and 54.17% in post-emergence) and the trips made for its collection were significantly shorter during the post-emergence stage (37.60 ± 47.89 min) than during the pre-emergence stage (50.46 ± 41.21 min). We did not observe any specialized individual behavior related to the various foraged items. However, it was noted that the dominant females were involved in less energy-intensive activities, such as vegetal fiber collection, while the subordinate females were in charge of riskier works, such as nectar collection and prey hunting, which increased their exposure to predators. In most cases (66.67%), upon returning from foraging, those females shared their collected material with a hierarchical dominant female. Thus, the dominant females remained in the colony longer, concentrating on reproduction and dominance control, whereas the subordinates were in charge of the foraging activity.
Breeding biology of grey francolin (Francolinus pondicerianus) in Salt Range, Pakistan.

Present study documented some aspects of breeding biology of grey francolin (Francolinus pondicerianus) such as breeding season, nest structure, clutch size, incubation period and hatching success in the Salt Range of Punjab, one of important area of grey francolin distribution in Pakistan. Breeding season of grey francolin in the study area extended from mid March to end of July. All of its nests located during the study were found on the ground in natural vegetation consisting of Acacia modesta, Acacia nilotica, Ziziphus mauritiana, Dalbergia sissoo, Desmostachia bipinnata and Cynodon dactylon. Egg laying occurred mainly in the months of April and May, having mean egg laying span of 12.1±1.20 days (range 7-18 days) and a mean clutch size of 6.8±0.78 eggs per nest (range 4-12). Mean incubation period was 15.7±1.86 days (range 13-20 days). Out of a total of 68 eggs located in various nests, 53 hatched (74.80%) with a mean hatching rate of 5.3±0.85 eggs per clutch. The fledging success was estimated at 4.6±0.81 per clutch (77%). No difference was found between forest and cultivated habitats with respect to diameter and shape of nest, egg laying period, clutch size, egg weight, and incubation period, however, volume of the eggs was significantly more in cultivated habitat (ANOVA: F = 4.09; df = 1; P = 0.01) as compared to the natural forest habitat. Study suggested that grey francolin’s successful breeding in Salt Range is mainly associated with natural vegetation and crop cultivated fields around natural vegetation, which supports its healthy population.
Chrysanthemum: Ex vitro to in vitro to ex vitro

Greenhouse chrysanthemums are important cut flower plants. Tissues in two physiological states (greenhouse and in vitro) have different growth patterns and regeneration capacities. This study presents an ideal optimized cyclic program for the acclimatization of ex vitro chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Ramat. Kitamura) stem or leaf explants or excised shoot tips to in vitro conditions, a maximized shoot regeneration protocol of these in vitro explants and the return of established in vitro plants and their successful acclimatization to greenhouse conditions, serving once again as mother plants, or for flowering. Greenhouse or in vitro-derived explants utilized for genetic transformation studies are often exposed to great stresses: physical damage in electroporation, particle bombardment or sonication; infection and competition for survival in Agroinfection; salt or ion stress due to stress-induction studies; mutagenic damage (by physical or chemical mutagens); antibiotic stress in selector gene selection following genetic transformation. Many of these demonstrate a change in regeneration capacity, improved by changes in the caulogenic and rhizogenic regeneration media.
Identification of drought, cadmium and root-lesion nematode infection stress-responsive transcription factors in ramie

Abstract Drought, cadmium (Cd) stress, and root lesion nematode (RLN) infection are three of the most important stresses affecting ramie growth and development; therefore, ramie breeding programs focus on their management more than on any other abiotic or biotic stresses. The fact that only a small number of stress-responsive transcription factors (TFs) have been identified so far is a major obstacle in the elucidation of mechanisms regulating the response to these three stresses in ramie. In this study, in order to uncover more stress-responsive TFs, a total of 179 nonredundant genes with full-length open reading frames from the MYB, AP2/ERF, bZIP, HD-ZIP, and COL families were obtained by searching for against the ramie transcriptome. Expression pattern analysis demonstrated that most of these genes showed relatively higher expression in the stem xylem and bast than in other tissues. Among these genes, 96 genes were found to be involved in responses to drought, Cd exposure, or RLN-infection. The expression of 54 of these genes was regulated by at least two stresses. These stress-responsive TFs probably have roles in the regulation of stress tolerance. The discovery of these stress-responsive TFs will be helpful for furthering our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate stress responses in ramie.
Tahuantinsuyoa chipi, a new species of cichlid fish from the Rio Pachitea drainage in Peru

Tahuantinsuyoa chipi sp.n. , se differencie de Tahuantinsuyoa macantzatza par une tache noire simple au lieu d'une bande noire au-dessus de l'œil. Les specimens etudies ont ete captures dans le bassin du Rio Pachitua au Perou. Des observations preliminaires suggerent que les especes de Tahuantinsuyoa developpent un canal a travers le ceratohyal anterieur pour l'artere hyoidienne
Growth and Charaterization of Short Period InAs/GaSb Superlattices Photoconductors

The short- and mid-wavelength infrared detectors based on short period type II superlattices (SLs) InAs (2ML) / GaSb (8ML) and InAs (8ML) / GaSb (8ML) were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on semi-insulating GaAs substrates. An interfacial misfit mode AlSb quantum dot layer and a thick GaSb layer were grown as buffer layers. Room-temperature optical transmittance spectra showed clear absorption edge at ∼2μm and ∼5μm. The 50% cutoff wavelength of the two photoconductors was 2. 1μm and 5. 05μm in photoresponse at 77K respectively. The blackbody detectivity was beyond 2×10 8 cmHz 1/2 /W at 77K and 1×10 8 cmHz 1/2 /W at room temperature with 8 V/cm bias.
Evidence of Reduced Photosynthetic Rates in Old Trees

Wood production generally declines as forests age. The decrease in production has been attributed to higher respiration associated with increasing biomass, but direct measurements fail to support this assumption. An alternate hypothesis is that the growth decline is caused by reduced net photosynthesis. To test this hypothesis, we compared the net photosynthetic rates of foliage from trees that had ceased height growth with foliage from actively growing, mature trees. Results showed that net photosynthesis per unit area of 1-yr-old foliage from old Pinus contorta and P. ponderosa averaged 14-30% lower than the same-aged foliage from younger trees. Computer simulations from a previous study indicated that differences of this magnitude are sufficient to explain the lower wood production in old trees. The cause of the photosynthetic decline is not clear, but it did not appear to be due to a reduction in the maximum capacity for photosynthesis. Ratios of stable carbon isotopes from leaves and wood indicated a greater stomatal limitation of photosynthesis in older trees. A possible relationship between lower hydraulic conductance in the vascular systems of older trees leading to greater stomatal closure is discussed.
Hipk is required for JAK/STAT activity and promotes hemocyte-derived tumorigenesis

Dysregulation of key signaling molecules and pathways are causative of many Human diseases and cancers. A point mutation in the Drosophila Janus kinase (called hop) causes constitutive activation of the JAK/STAT pathway and results in blood cell tumours. We provide robust genetic evidence that Hipk is required for endogenous JAK/STAT activity. Overexpression of Hipk can phenocopy the effects of overactive JAK/STAT mutations and lead to melanized tumors and loss of Hipk can suppress the effects of hyperactive JAK/STAT. Furthermore, Hipk expression in blood cell progenitors causes tumors. PLA experiments show that Hipk can interact with the pathway effector Stat92E. Together our results show that Hipk is a novel factor required for effective JAK/STAT signaling. Summary Statement Loss of hipk impairs JAK/STAT activity in multiple tissue types and elevated Hipk leads to the formation of blood cell tumors in Drosophila.
RAPD-Holds Promise to identify Different Genotypes of Rice for use in Breeding Programs of Diverse Genetic Stocks of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Based on Genetic Diversity

In the present study, 30 RAPD primers were employed for identification and determination of different varieties of rice and simultaneously to unzip the genetic relatedness among 48 promising rice cultivars. Out of 30 decamer primers, 27 were found to be polymorphic, amplified a total of 175 alleles of which 141 (80.57%) were polymorphic with an average of 5.83 alleles per primer. The number of alleles per primer ranged from one to eleven and the polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.05 to 0.69 with an average of 0.40. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient using UPGMA grouped the 48 rice cultivars into five major clusters with an average similarity index of 0.74. A diagrammatic representation of DNA fingerprints of the rice cultivars based on 27 informative RAPD markers have been developed for ready reference and use in similar kind of work.
PERMUTATION TESTS FOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO MULTIVARIATE ALLOMETRIC PATTERNS

Tzong-Der Tzeng and Shean-Va Veh (1999) Permutation tests for difference between two multivariate allometric patterns. Zoological Studies 38(1): 10-18. Studies that include comparisons of multivariate allometric patterns between sexes, species, discrete growth stages, or geographic populations have gradually increased. Some statistical methods assume that compared groups share the same multivariate allometric pattern, so comparisons of multivariate allometric patterns also have to be performed before using these methods. Several methods have been used to detect the difference between 2 multivariate allometric patterns, but these methods lack an objective guide to test whether the 2 multivariate allometric patterns are the same or not. In this study, a permutation test was used to determine whether the difference of 2 patterns was significant or not. Four examples were used to explain and verify this test. The multivariate allometric pattern was estimated by the 1st eigenvector of the sample covariance matrix of the logarithmic measurement. The angle between the 2 first eigenvectors was taken as the test statistic. For each example, 5000 permutations were performed to assess the significance level. Finally, the effect of sample size difference on the permutation test was also examined. We found that all 1st eigenvalues explained the largest part of total variance and all 1st eigenvectors can satisfactorily interpret the multivariate allometric patterns. These tests can successfully detect the relationship between 2 multivariate allometric patterns in each example, so they can be a tool to test whether the difference of 2 multivariate allometric patterns is significant or not. Although this method is not sensitive to sarnple size differences, we still suggest that the sample size difference be as small as possible when using permutation tests to address this question.
Collective decision making using conditional preference networks without considering all users' preferences over all attributes

Due to the great increase in e-marketing and high competition to attract more customers and keep them satisfied, collective decision making, the process of making recommendations to a group of people, has become an active research area. CP-nets (Conditional Preference Networks) are a widely used tool to represent users’ preferences, but the problem is that in real world situations, we have a large number of users conveying their preferences over a large number of attributes; therefore, comparing the exponential number of outcomes for all users in a collective decision making process is infeasible. In this research, we have looked at reducing the number of outcomes to be considered in the process of collective decision making by examining the question of whether we need to consider all users’ preferences over all attributes. We propose a novel procedure for collective decision making by clustering users and considering users’ preferences only over the most important attributes for that cluster. The use of attribute-weighting techniques and clustering methods allows for searching in a much smaller subspace of attributes
Genoprotective Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Rosa Canina L. Fruits on Ethyl Methanesulfonate-Induced DNA Damage in Drosophila Melanogaster

Deneylerin sonucunda saf su kontrol grubu, 1 mM EMS, %1 RCsu, %3 RCsu ve %5 RCsu uygulama gruplarinin toplam klon frekanslari sirasiyla 0.15, 3.55, 2.58, 2.78 ve 2.20 olarak belirlenmistir. Saf su kontrol grubu ve 1 mM EMS uygulama gruplari arasindaki fark istatistiksel olarak onemlidir (P
Impact of climate change on ecotopes of the rivers Rhine and Meuse.

Climate change, resulting in changes in temperature, precipitation, river discharge regime and sea level rise, may affect the ecosystems of the large rivers of the Netherlands in this century. This note discusses the method used to assess the impact of climate change on riparian ecosystems along the large rivers and presents the results of an application for the rivers Rhine and Meuse in the Netherlands. For this purpose, the effects of different climate change and land use scenarios on characteristic ecotopes have been compared with the current situation. The climate change scenarios were derived from the temperature rise estimation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). These have been translated into a sea level rise and changes in river discharge regime using results from earlier climate studies. Flood durations were derived by combining current contour maps of altitude and future sedimentation loads. For each type of ecotope a transition matrix has been developed to relate changes in flood duration and land use to changes in the types of ecotopes. The results indicate that climate change has a significant impact on several characteristic riverine ecotopes and therefore on the ecological quality of floodplains. However, the effect of natural land use is more dramatic and may therefore compensate for some of the negative effects of climate change.
Revision of the classification system of radio-coccaceae FOTT ex KOMAREK (except the subfamily Dictyochlorelloideae) (Chlorophyta)

Radiococcaceae (Chlorophyta) is a large and widespread family in terrestrial and freshwater habitats. The taxonomy of this family is difficult because no coherent system of generic criteria exists, fact which led to many species transfers from one genus to another with as a consequence many synonyms. Based on traditional criteria and a study of Radiococcaceae isolated from soils we propose to rearrange the generic system according to only several, easily observable features which are: 1) capacity to form spherical shaped vegetative cells, 2) presence or absence of pyrenoid, 3) number of autospores (only/mainly two or only/mainly four-eight), 4) behaviour of the sporangial cell wall during autospore release (rupture or gelatinisation). As additional secondary criteria are used 5) the capacity to form tubular branched colonies (for separation of the genus Palmodictyon), 6) number of chloroplasts (for definition of the genera Planktosphaeria and Phacomyxa), 7) capacity to form plate-like sarcinoid colonies (for the separation of the genera Dispora and Crucigloea). According to these principles 25 genera (including 10 new genera) comprising about 80 described species are recognised. The system is artifical, but allows to more easily recognise genera and species and also an easier allocation of new taxa.
Protein-Ligand Interactions

4.4. NON‐COVALENT INTERACTIONS IN PROTEIN–LIGAND BINDING . 172 4.4. 1. Hydrogen bonding . 173 4.4. 2. Ionic or electrostatic interactions . 173 4.4. 3. Van der Waals interactions . 173 4.4.4. Hydrophobic interactions . 173
Human Histology, in Its Relations to Descriptive Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology

The work before us is the first elaborate treatise on histology that has been presented to the profession by an American author. Since the appearance of Bichat’s great work about a quarter of a century ago, the novel and inviting field of histological research has been eagerly occupied by men of talent in all countries. America, however, appears to have cultivated this branch less than any other nation; it is now but a short time since microscopic anatomy and the application of the microscope to practical medicine and surgery, have been regularly taught in our medical schools; and though numerous works have appeared in England, and in the French and German languages, 1857 sees the first kindred publication in this country. The work of Kblliker, translated by George Busk and Thomas Graham, and edited by Dr. J. Da Costa, of Philadelphia, which is well known, doubtless, to all our readers, has become the standard work on microscopic anatomy; this however, is merely a work on microscopic anatomy and nothing more. The work of Robin and Verdeil,on anatomical and physiological chemistry (chimie anatomique) which has been lately issued, and is not yet translated, is, perhaps, the most elaborate and complete treatise on the subject, in any language. This treats of the anatomical and physiological chemistry of the Lissues or the normal and pathological immediate principles of the human body and mammalia. Dr. Peaslee has availed himself largely of these works, and of Lehmann’s Physiological Chemistry in the preparation of this volume. In his own words his aim is:
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF ACTINOMYCETES ISOLATED FROM THE HARIDWAR REGION OF UTTARAKHAND (INDIA)

Statistical analysis of Actinomycetes isolated from biodegraded and non biodegraded building materials at HaridwarÂ region of Uttarakhand (India). The concentrations of viable actinomycetes varied between 50-250 x104 and 5-150x104 cfu/gÂ in the biodegradable and non degradable buildings, respectively. In all studies, the concentrations of viable actinomycetes were higher in the index (biodegradable) buildings than in the reference (non biodegradable) buildings. Phylogenetic characterization of the isolates based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing supported their assignment to 18 different actinomycete genera representing seven different suborders. The result exhibited similarity 91% with 10 strains from the uncultured known species of Streptomyces, Nocardia and Micromonospora. The 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence of Streptomyces, Nocardia and Micromonospora consisted of 749 bp each and the G-C content was 70%. These results show a high diversity of actinomycetes associated with buiding materials and the detection and identification of this group of organisms is extremely important for the deteriogenic process and the development of control methods. Keywords: Actinomycetes; Nocardia, Micromonospora, building materials, statistical phylogenetic analysis