Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF THE CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF ELECTROLESS NICKEL – PHOSPHORUS COATINGS ON AA6061 IN BASIC SOLUTIONS

Abstract The corrosion behaviour of electroless nickel-phosphorus (EN) coatings with phosphorus content ranging from 2 to 12.5 wt% was investigated using potentiodynamic (PT) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques in 0.5M sodium hydroxide. It was found that although the corrosion resistance of EN coatings generally increased with an increase in phosphorus content, the trend was observed only for samples where the difference in the P content was large. For example, a very low P EN coating (2 wt%) was more resistant in alkaline solution than two medium P (6.5 and 8 wt%) samples. These in turn were more resistant than the high P (12.5 wt%) coated sample. However, when comparing the 6.5 and 8 wt% samples, the higher P content showed more resistance. This behaviour can be explained in terms of the two counteracting effects, activating and inhibiting, of phosphorus on corrosion resistance. The activating effect is due to the lower protectiveness of the passivating film because of its lower thickness. As the P content increases, the inhibiting effect increases as a result of phosphate formation. Finally, the corrosion products and cyclic voltammetric behaviour of the EN samples varied with bath pH. The results are discussed with a view to providing an optimum process to inhibit the corrosion of AA6061. On a étudié le comportement de corrosion de revêtements autocatalytiques de nickel–phosphore (EN), avec une teneur en phosphore variant de 2 à 12.5% en poids, en utilisant les techniques potentiocinétique (PT) et de voltampèremétrie cyclique (CV) dans de l’hydroxyde de sodium à 0.5M. On a trouvé que bien que la résistance à la corrosion des revêtements EN augmentait généralement avec une augmentation de la teneur en phosphore, on observait cette tendance seulement pour les échantillons où la différence de teneur en P était importante. Par exemple, un revêtement EN à très faible teneur en P (2% en poids) était plus résistant dans la solution alcaline que deux échantillons à teneur intermédiaire en P (6.5, 8% en poids) et ceux-ci, à leur tour, étaient plus résistants que l’échantillon avec revêtement élevé en P (12.5% en poids). Cependant, lorsque l’on compare les échantillons de 6.5 et 8% en poids, l’échantillon avec la teneur la plus élevée en P montrait plus de résistance. On peut expliquer ce comportement en termes de deux effets antagonistes, activant et inhibant, du phosphore sur la résistance à la corrosion. L’effet activant est dû à la plus faible protection du film de passivation qui est plus mince. À mesure que la teneur en P augmente, l’effet inhibant augmente dû à la formation de phosphate. Finalement, les produits de corrosion et le comportement voltampèremétrique cyclique des échantillons de EN variaient en fonction du pH du bain. On discute des résultats en vue de fournir un procédé optimum d’inhibition de la corrosion du AA6061.
Evaluation of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) as a Measurement Technique for Evaluation of Total Elemental Concentration in Soils

Online analysis of nutrients in soil would be beneficial in soil and agronomic sciences as it could lead to real-time adjustment of the level of nutrients in soils. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) yields a real-time signal that could be correlated with the total elemental concentration in soils, and, hopefully, to the available fraction of the element in soils. As a first step in developing a technique for the real-time evaluation of the nutrient concentration in soils, in this study LIBS was applied to the evaluation of total element concentrations in mixtures of soils and fertilizers. Two fertilizers were mixed with soil in several concentrations, and loose powder samples of these mixtures were analyzed using LIBS. Calibration curves for three macroelements, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P), and two microelements, iron (Fe) and sodium (Na), in the samples allowed determination of detection and quantification limits for total elements in soils. The correlation coefficients (r 2 ) between total element concentrations and the LIBS signal were above 0.85 for all elements; however, we note that Ca showed evidence of self-absorption. The quantification limits were below typical total element concentration in soils; however, matrix effects demanded one calibration curve for each element and for each soil/fertilizer mixture.
Dynamic Task Sharing for Flexible Human-Robot Teaming under Partial Workspace Observability

The widespread availability of lightweight robots that may safely be operated without physical barriers to separate man and machine has paved the way to robot use in smalland medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Given these technical foundations, the goal of advancing robots from tools to human-like teammates is a research topic that lately gains considerable attention. This thesis contributes a novel approach that particularly fosters flexible use, cost efficiency and operability by the existing workforce in line with the major requirements of partial automation in SMEs: End-users without expert knowledge on robotics are enabled to share procedural task knowledge with a robot teammate by adapting paradigms from the field of skill-based task level programming. During joint execution of previously modelled tasks, the robot is considered an equal partner of human workers – human as well as robot team members are likewise granted the authority to make dynamic, just-in-time decisions regarding the distribution of work repeatedly. This requires a high level of robot capabilities and autonomy, but therefore also allows for flexible transitions between human-robot coexistence, decoupled co-working in cooperation and close interaction in collaboration. To this end, operations from the task model are classified into categories according to their individual interaction needs and agent capabilities. An exchangeable state machine for each of these interaction categories encodes the necessary course of actions for the robot when encountering respective process steps. State machine states render the system capable of (i) understanding task progress by observing operation preand postconditions, (ii) executing sub-tasks itself based on a robot skill framework, (iii) delegating operations to human partners or (iv) communicating to establish mutual commitment before engaging into collaboration. Decisions in favour of an operation to go about next by following transitions in the matching state machine are made in consideration of partial workspace observability, i.e. incomplete knowledge about the state of parts and task progress: The system gets along with a lean, low-cost sensor setup only consisting of a robot-mounted eye-in-hand camera and a laser range finder to track human motion. The resulting data is fused into a humanaware world model by means of a measure for trust in stored objects. This world model enables the system to share the workspace with humans efficiently. Experiments with a simulation system that emulates dynamic human behaviour when co-working on a set of benchmark tasks show that the approach can generally speed up task execution despite these limitations in sensor use. Furthermore, preliminary human subject studies with a laboratory prototype implementation suggest that the system is promising regarding intuitive operability by non-expert users. To summon up, this thesis contributes the technical foundations, proves the feasibility of and motivates further investigations on dynamic, flexible teaming under partial workspace observability.
Mobile Robotic Radiation Surveying With Recursive Bayesian Estimation and Attenuation Modeling

Both routine radiation surveys and incident response—as currently performed by human workers—are time-consuming and involve significant, potentially unanticipated radiation dose (especially for accident response where levels prohibit human presence entirely). Previous efforts addressed routine surveys using robotic systems, but they must also localize and characterize discrete sources when anomalies occur. To be effective, characterization must account for real-world complications, including multiple sources, environmental attenuation, spatial localization, and isotopic identification. Recursive Bayesian estimation (RBE) using grid-based estimators and particle filters has been previously investigated, but we eliminate previous open-space assumptions by including attenuation models and sensor position height in the sequential sampling strategy. The method also incorporates autonomous isotopic identification via gamma spectroscopy, which supports the attenuation modeling and improves the computational efficiency in multisource cases. In addition, survey points are autonomously optimized using the Fisher information. A radioactive decay model is implemented to generalize the method by addressing short-lived nuclides. The developed hardware is evaluated in multiple scenarios where no operator intervention is required, effectively eliminating operator dose uptake from localization/characterization in real-world scenarios. Two different mobile robots are used, demonstrating the portability of the data collection and analysis software. Also, the generalized complexity is documented to support planning in future scenarios. Note to Practitioners—This article was motivated by the desire to automate tasks in radiation work spaces of nuclear facilities, particularly laboratory facilities such as those at Los Alamos National Laboratory. While there is a great deal of prior literature dealing with the simple problem of collecting radiation readings in some regular spatial patterns, there remains the more advanced problem of inferring characteristics of the radiation sources. The localization problem has been studied in academia, but the developed solutions fall short of being practically deployable in real facilities. Our goal with this work is to enhance the sophistication of the radiation data analysis and modeling in order to shrink the gap between the state of the art and the demands of the target environments.
DSLR: Deep Stacked Laplacian Restorer for Low-Light Image Enhancement

Various images captured in complicated lighting conditions often suffer from deterioration of the image quality. Such poor quality not only dissatisfies the user expectation but also may lead to a significant performance drop in many applications. In this paper, anovel method for low-light image enhancement is proposed by leveraging useful propertiesof the Laplacian pyramid both in image and feature spaces. Specifically, the proposed method, so-called a deep stacked Laplacian restorer (DSLR), is capable of separately recovering the global illumination and local details from the original input, and progressively combining them in the image space. Moreover, the Laplacian pyramid defined in the feature space makes such recovering processes more efficient based on abundant connectionsof higher-order residuals in a multiscale structure. This decomposition-based scheme is fairly desirable for learning the highly nonlinear relation between degraded images and their enhanced results. Experimental results on various datasets demonstrate that the proposed DSLR outperforms state-of-the-art methods. The code and model are publicly available at: https://github.com/SeokjaeLIM/DSLR-release.
Determination of Femoral Artery Occlusion Using Principal Component Analysis of Doppler Signals

Abstract The aim of this study is to scrutinize the ability of principal component analysis (PCA) over power spectral densities (PSD) for common femoral artery blood flow study. Doppler femoral artery signals of patients with occluded arteries and of healthy subjects were recorded. Then, power spectral densities of these signals were obtained using the Welch method. To clearly determine the difference between the groups of occluded patients and healthy subjects, PCA was implemented with patients and healthy matrices derived from PSD. The basic differences between the healthy and occluded patients were acquired with 1st principal component. The use of PCA of physiological waveforms is presented as a powerful method likely to be incorporated into future medical signal processing.
First-principles study of phosphorus diffusion in silicon: Interstitial- and vacancy-mediated diffusion mechanisms

A vacancy-mediated diffusion mechanism has been assumed in traditional models of P diffusion in Si. However, recent experiments have suggested that for intrinsic P diffusion in Si, the interstitial-assisted diffusion mechanism dominates. Here, we describe first-principles calculations of P diffusion in Si performed to study interstitial- and vacancy-mediated diffusion mechanisms. Special care is taken with regard to structural minimization, charge state effects and corrections. We calculated the defect formation energies and migration barriers for the various competing P–interstitial diffusion mechanisms, as well as P–vacancy diffusion energetics in different charge states. For P–interstitial diffusion, we find overall diffusion activation energies of 3.1–3.5 eV for neutral and +1 charge states, in close agreement with experiments at intrinsic conditions. For P–vacancy diffusion, our calculation is in agreement with previous calculations in the neutral case, but suggests that only P+V= plays a role in the.
In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion Impact on the Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Capacity of Bioactive Compounds from Tomato Flours Obtained after Conventional and Ohmic Heating Extraction

In times of pandemic and when sustainability is in vogue, the use of byproducts, such as fiber-rich tomato byproducts, can be an asset. There are still no studies on the impact of extraction methodologies and the gastrointestinal tract action on bioactive properties. Thus, this study used a solid fraction obtained after the conventional method (SFCONV) and a solid fraction after the ohmic method (SFOH) to analyze the effect of the gastrointestinal tract on bioactive compounds (BC) and bioactivities. Results showed that the SFOH presents higher total fiber than SFCONV samples, 62.47 ± 1.24–59.06 ± 0.67 g/100 g DW, respectively. Both flours present high amounts of resistant protein, representing between 11 and 16% of insoluble dietary fiber. Furthermore, concerning the total and bound phenolic compounds, the related antioxidant activity measured by 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay presented significantly higher values for SFCONV than SFOH samples (p < 0.05). The main phenolic compounds identified in the two flours were gallic acid, rutin, and p-coumaric acid, and carotenoids were lycopene, phytofluene, and lutein, all known as health promoters. Despite the higher initial values of SFCONV polyphenols and carotenoids, these BCs’ OH flours were more bioaccessible and presented more antioxidant capacity than SFCONV flours, throughout the simulated gastrointestinal tract. These results confirm the potential of ohmic heating to modify the bioaccessibility of tomato BC, enhancing their concentrations and improving their antioxidant capacity.
Analysis of Different Types of Interferon-Associated Retinopathy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Treated with Pegylated Interferon Plus Ribavirin

This retrospective cohort study aims to investigate interferon (IFN)-associated retinopathy incidence in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection treated with pegylated interferon (PegIFN) plus ribavirin (RBV). We selected 1688 patients undergoing PegIFN/RBV therapy for HCV (HCV-treated cohort), 3376 patients not receiving HCV treatment (HCV-untreated cohort) and 16,880 controls without HCV (non-HCV cohort) from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. The patients were frequency-matched by age, sex, and index date at a 1:2:10 ratio, and followed up until the end of 2013. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to compare the incidences of any retinal vascular events, including subtypes, among the three cohorts. Compared with the non-HCV cohort, the HCV-treated cohort had a significantly increased risk of retinopathy (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.02–12.3). The risk was particularly prominent for retinal hemorrhage (HR = 12.7, 95% CI: 3.78–42.9). When the HCV-untreated cohort was used as the reference, the aforementioned HRs increased to 9.02 (95% CI: 3.04–26.8) and 32.3 (95% CI: 3.94–265), respectively. This study suggested that PegIFN/RBV therapy significantly increased the risk of retinal hemorrhage but not retinal vascular occlusions in the HCV-treated cohort.
High-performance local back gate thin-film field-effect transistors using sorted carbon nanotubes on an amino-silane treated hafnium oxide surface

Wafer-scale fabrication and characterization of local back gate semiconducting nanotube thin-film transistors (SN-TFTs) are reported in this paper. The local back gate voltage of the corresponding SN-TFT controls the individual transistor switching. In order to achieve high performance, a high-k dielectric material is employed as a gate oxide and this helped to achieve low-voltage operations, much steeper sub-threshold voltage swings and higher transconductance values. A simple procedure to deposit a high-density single-walled carbon nanotube thin film on an amino-silane-treated hafnium oxide (HfOX) surface is suggested such that a good density of nanotubes is realized without degrading the device on–off current ratio and mobility values. The density of the nanotubes achieved on the silanized HfOX surface is about 40–45 nanotubes µm−2. SN-TFTs exhibit an excellent p-type output characteristic with distinct linear and saturation regions. Local back gate SN-TFTs exhibit an on–off current ratio exceeding 104 and a steep sub-threshold slope of 400 mV/decade. SN-TFTs achieve a maximum current density of 13 μA µm−1, an average threshold voltage of −0.5 V, a maximum normalized transconductance of 18.5 μS µm−1 and exhibit a maximum carrier mobility of 60.6 cm2(Vs)−1.
Phosphorus cycling and spring barley crop response to varying redox potential

For arable soils, it is not clear whether closing a controlled drainage system leads to P mobilization due to water table rise and associated changes in redox‐induced biogeochemical processes. Therefore, we investigated P mobilization at different redox conditions using three spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cropped lysimeters filled with monoliths of arable northeastern German soil profiles. Pore water samples were collected weekly from three different depths, and dissolved (<0.45 μm) element concentrations of total C, P, Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, and K, as well as inorganic and organic C (DIC and DOC) and P (Pi and Po), SO42−–S, and NO2−–N and NO3−–N were determined. The total P concentration in pore water collected from a given lysimeter at a given time was 1.8 mg P L−1 maximum. Organic P concentrations in subsoil solutions were positively correlated with Fe concentrations. Grain yield of spring barley ranged between 5.6 and 6.5 Mg ha−1, and total biomass P uptake was negatively correlated with the stable P stocks of the soil profiles. Results suggest that reductive conditions in subsoils led to dissolution of pedogenic Fe‐(oxy)hydroxides and release of Po compounds, the latter of which were more important for biomass P uptake than P released from stable P compounds. Overall, closing the drainage at the field site could represent a moderate P mobilization risk, which would probably be lower compared with a P mobilization risk caused by a heavy rainfall event.
An Investigation of Promoter Effects in the Reduction of NO by H2 under Lean-Burn Conditions

Abstract The reduction of NO by H 2 has been investigated under lean conditions at temperatures representative of automotive “cold-start” conditions ( 3 - and Na 2 O-modified Pt/Al 2 O 3 and Pt/SiO 2 catalysts. It has been found that small additions of sodium significantly increase the NO conversion while larger loadings of sodium have a severe poisoning effect. However, in the presence of excess O 2 no enhancement in nitrogen selectivity at low temperatures has been observed for all loadings of Na. Indeed, an adverse effect has been found at higher temperatures. Addition of molybdenum as a promoter results in increases in NO conversion and nitrogen selectivity for all loadings tested. The optimal formulation was determined to be 1% Pt/10% MoO 3 /0.27% Na 2 O/Al 2 O 3 . Steady-state isotopic-transient kinetic (SSITK) experiments were performed on this and a “model” Pt/MoO 3 /Na 2 O/SiO 2 catalyst using labelled nitric oxide in order to estimate the surface concentrations of species leading to N 2 , N 2 O, and retained NO. The data reveal significantly greater surface concentrations of N 2 precursors over the modified catalysts for both the Pt/Al 2 O 3 and Pt/SiO 2 systems and this has been used to rationalise the increased selectivity to N 2 . An additional significant effect of the molybdenum promoter has been proposed because when the concentrations of N 2 intermediates and the amount of available platinum in the modified catalysts are calculated, the “storage” of N 2 precursors on the MoO 3 seems to occur. This effect has been further explored using the modified SiO 2 catalyst in non-steady-state transient experiments where the reductant supply (i.e., the H 2 ) is cut off. It has been found that the decay in the production of N 2 is very significantly delayed in comparison with the unmodified catalysts, and it is proposed that this is consistent with the trapping on the Mo of a reduced intermediate that can form N 2 even in the absence of the normal H 2 reductant. The mechanistic consequences of these novel results are discussed.
Direct characterization of kerogen by x-ray and solid-state **13c nuclear magnetic resonance methods

A combination of solid-state 13C NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and sulfur X-ray absorption near edge structure (S-XANES) techniques are used to characterize organic oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species and carbon chemical/structural features in kerogens. The kerogens studied represent a wide range of organic matter types and maturities. A van Krevelen plot based on elemental H/C data and XPS derived O/C data shows the well established pattern for type I, type II, and type III kerogens. The anticipated relationship between the Rock−Eval hydrogen index and H/C is independent of organic matter type. Carbon structural and lattice parameters are derived from solid-state 13C NMR analysis. As expected, the amount of aromatic carbon, measured by both 13C NMR and XPS, increases with decreasing H/C. The correlation between aromatic carbon and Rock−Eval Tmax, an indicator of maturity, is linear for types II and IIIC kerogens, but each organic matter type follows a different relationship. The average al.
Electronic Band Gap Reduction in Manganese Carbodiimide: MnNCN

The newly synthesized manganese carbodiimide is antiferromagnetic, green in color, and optically transparent. The electronic properties of MnNCN are relatively unstudied; determining the electronic band gap and understanding the effects of the O2–→ NCN2– substitution is extremely important to use this material for practical applications. We present high-resolution measurements of the local density of electronic states of MnNCN and compare them to spectra simulated using detailed density functional theory calculations. We further show that MnNCN has a larger degree of covalent bonding than MnO and has a reduced indirect electronic band gap of 3.40 ± 0.20 eV of the charge-transfer type. However, the mechanism for this band gap reduction is not clear and requires further study. In conclusion, MnNCN is a wide band gap, antiferromagnetic semiconductor suitable for applications that currently use MnO but require a smaller electronic band gap.