Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emission and recombination coefficients for hydrogen with κ-distributed electron energies

We provide a data set of emission and recombination coefficients of hydrogen using a kappa-distribution of electron energies rather than the more traditional Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) distribution. The data are mainly relevant to thin and relatively cold plasma found in planetary nebulae and H II regions. The data set extends the previous data sets provided by Storey and Hummer which were computed using a MB distribution. The data set, which is placed in the public domain, is structured as a function of electron number density, temperature and kappa. Interactive fortran 77 and C++ data servers are also provided as an accessory to probe the data and obtain Lagrange-interpolated values for any choice of all three variables between the explicitly computed values.
Wind speed forecasting using autoregressive moving average/generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model

SUMMARY In this paper, a hybrid model of autoregressive moving average and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity is proposed to forecast wind speed. In this model, the conditional variance of an observation depends linearly on the conditional variance of the previous observations and on the previous prediction errors. This conditional variance can capture the feature that the predictability of meteorological variables is not constant but shows regular variations. The quasi-maximum likelihood estimator was used to estimate parameters of the proposed model. An improved particle swarm optimization was proposed to solve the solution of the autoregressive moving average/generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model through the log-quasi-likelihood function. Four different indices are introduced to demonstrate the performance of the proposed model. Generated results of different season sample sets were compared with their corresponding values when using the autoregressive moving average model. The simulation results validate the effectiveness, accuracy, and superiority of the proposed model for wind speed prediction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stimulated polariton scattering gain modelling for MgO : LiNbO 3

We present a detailed approach to predicting Stokes gain for stimulated polariton scattering in MgO:LiNbO3 using a gain theory for Gaussian beams that also accounts for the effects of increased polariton damping in the low-frequency wing of the 248 cm phonon line. The new theory with the corrected absorption coefficient provides the most accurate route for modelling the gain that applies to real experimental conditions.
CAN GAMMA-RAY BURST JETS BREAK OUT THE FIRST STARS?

We show that a relativistic gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet can potentially pierce the envelope of a very massive first generation star (Population III, hereafter Pop III) by using the stellar density profile to estimate both the jet luminosity (via accretion) and its penetrability. The jet breakout is possible even if the Pop III star has a supergiant hydrogen envelope without mass loss, thanks to the long-lived powerful accretion of the envelope itself. While the Pop III GRB is estimated to be energetic (Eγ,iso ∼ 1055 erg), the supergiant envelope hides the initial bright phase in the cocoon component, leading to a GRB with a long duration ∼1000(1 + z) s and an ordinary isotropic luminosity ∼1052 erg s−1 (∼10−9 erg cm−2 s−1 at redshift z ∼ 20). The neutrino annihilation is not effective for Pop III GRBs because of a low central temperature, while the magnetic mechanism is viable. We also derive analytic estimates of the breakout conditions, which are applicable to various progenitor models. The GRB luminosity and duration are found to be very sensitive to the core and envelope mass, providing possible probes of the first luminous objects at the end of the high-redshift dark ages.
Evidence for ultrafast outflows in radio-quiet AGNs — III. Location and energetics

Using the results of a previous X-ray photo-ionization modelling of blue-shifted Fe K absorption lines on a sample of 42 local radio-quiet AGNs observed with XMM-Newton, in this letter we estimate the location and energetics of the associated ultrafast outflows (UFOs). Due to significant uncertainties, we are essentially able to place only lower/upper limits. On average, their location is in the interval approx.0. 0003-0.03pc (approx.10(exp 2)-10(exp 4)tau(sub s) from the central black hole, consistent with what is expected for accretion disk winds/outflows. The mass outflow rates are constrained between approx.0. 01- 1 Stellar Mass/y, corresponding to approx. or >5-10% of the accretion rates. The average lower-upper limits on the mechanical power are logE(sub K) approx. or = 42.6-44.6 erg/s. However, the minimum possible value of the ratio between the mechanical power and bolometric luminosity is constrained to be comparable or higher than the minimum required by simulations of feedback induced by winds/outflows. Therefore, this work demonstrates that UFOs are indeed capable to provide a significant contribution to the AGN r.osmological feedback, in agreement with theoretical expectations and the recent observation of interactions between AGN outflows and the interstellar medium in several Seyferts galaxies .
INDIRECT DETECTION OF FORMING PROTOPLANETS VIA CHEMICAL ASYMMETRIES IN DISKS

We examine changes in the molecular abundances resulting from increased heating due to a self-luminous planetary companion embedded within a narrow circumstellar disk gap. Using 3D models that include stellar and planetary irradiation, we find that luminous young planets locally heat up the parent circumstellar disk by many tens of Kelvin, resulting in efficient thermal desorption of molecular species that are otherwise locally frozen out. Furthermore, the heating is deposited over large regions of the disk, ±5 AU radially and spanning ≲ 60 ° ? > azimuthally. From the 3D chemical models, we compute rotational line emission models and full Atacama Large Millimeter Array simulations, and find that the chemical signatures of the young planet are detectable as chemical asymmetries in ∼ 10 h ? > observations. HCN and its isotopologues are particularly clear tracers of planetary heating for the models considered here, and emission from multiple transitions of the same species is detectable, which encodes temperature information in addition to possible velocity information from the spectra itself. We find submillimeter molecular emission will be a useful tool to study gas giant planet formation in situ, especially beyond R ≳ 10 ? > AU.
Thermalization time and specific heat of the neutron stars crust

We discuss the thermalization process of the neutron star's crust described by solving the heat-transport equation with a microscopic input for the specific heat of baryonic matter. The heat equation is solved with initial conditions specific to a rapid cooling of the core. To calculate the specific heat of inner-crust baryonic matter, that is, nuclear clusters and unbound neutrons, we use the quasiparticle spectrum provided by the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approach at finite temperature. In this framework, we analyze the dependence of the crust thermalization on pairing properties and on cluster structure of inner-crust matter. It is shown that the pairing correlations reduce the crust thermalization time by a large fraction. The calculations show also that the nuclear clusters have a non-negligible influence on the time evolution of the surface temperature of the neutron star.
New luminous blue variables in the Andromeda galaxy

We performed spectroscopy of five Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) candidates and two known LBV stars (AE And and Var A-1) in M31. We obtained the same-epoch near-infrared (NIR) and optical spectra of these stars. The NIR spectra were taken with Triplespec spectrograph at the 3.5-m telescope at Apache Point Observatory, and the optical spectroscopy was done with SCORPIO focal reducer at the 6-m BTA telescope (SAO RAS). The candidates demonstrate typical LBV features in their spectra: broad and strong hydrogen lines, HeI, FeII, and [FeII] lines. All our candidates show photometric variability. We develop a new approach to the LBV parameters estimation based on the inherent property of LBVs to change their spectral type at constant bolometric luminosity. We compare the spectral energy distributions of the variable stars obtained in two or more different states and estimate temperatures, reddening, radii and luminosities of the stars using this method. Two considered candidates (J004526.62+415006.3 and J004051.59+403303.0) have to be classified as new LBV stars. Two more candidates are, apparently, B[e]-supergiants. The nature of one more star (J004350.50+414611.4) is not clear. It does not show obvious LBV-like variability and remains an LBV-candidate.
The ATLAS Leptonic-$Z$ Excess from Light Squark Productions in the NMSSM Extension with a Heavy Dirac Gluino

The ATLAS Collaboration announced a 3$\sigma$ excess in the leptonic-$Z+jets+\met$ channel. We show that such an excess can be interpreted in the extension of the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) with a heavy Dirac gluino and light squarks. The abundant $Z$ bosons can be produced by light squark pair productions with the subsequent decays $\tilde{q} \to q \tilde{\chi}_2^0 \to q Z \tilde{\chi}_1^0$. We investigate the relevant parameter space by considering the constraints from both the ATLAS and CMS direct SUSY searches. Our model can provide sufficient $Z$-signal events in large parameter space if only the ATLAS searches are considered. After combining the ATLAS and CMS searches, the maximal number of signal events can still reach about 15, which is within the $1\sigma$ region of the observed excess. For comparison, we study the conventional low energy NMSSM with a Majorana gluino and its maximal number of signal events are about 11, although we cannot realize such model in the known supersymmetry breaking scenarios.
Information-Theoretic Security of MIMO Networks Under <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\kappa$</tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula> Shadowed Fading Channels

This paper investigates the impact of realistic propagation conditions on the achievable secrecy performance of multiple-input multiple-output systems in the presence of an eavesdropper (Eve). Specifically, we concentrate on the $\kappa$-$\mu$ shadowed fading model because its physical underpinnings capture a wide range of propagation conditions, while, at the same time, it allows for a much better tractability than other state-of-the-art fading models. By considering transmit antenna selection and maximal ratio combining reception at the legitimate (Bob) and Eve's receiver sides, we study two relevant scenarios: 1) the transmitter knows Bob's channel state information (CSI) but not Eve's CSI, and 2) the transmitter is aware of the CSI of both Bob and Eve channels. For this purpose, we first obtain novel and tractable expressions for the statistics of the maximum of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) variates related to the legitimate channel. Based on these results, we derive novel closed-form expressions of the two aforementioned scenarios to assess the secrecy performance of the underlying system. Specifically, for cases: 1) the secrecy outage probability (SOP), the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC), and 2) the average secrecy capacity (ASC). Moreover, we develop analytical asymptotic expressions of the SOP and ASC in the high signal-to-noise ratio regime. In all instances, secrecy performance metrics are characterized in closed-form, without requiring the evaluation of Meijer-G or Fox-H functions. Some useful insights on how the different propagation conditions and the number of antennas impact the secrecy performance are also provided.
Microsoft Word-edit2-2021170392.docx

In this paper, a strategy of control for a stand-alone operation of a distributed generation (DG) unit, consisting photovoltaic (PV) array and battery storage, is presented. A threephase balanced load supplied by the distributed generation system using a voltage-sourced inverter (VSI). With two DC-DC converters, the PV array and the battery are connected to a DC link of the VSI. The whole system is divided into two sides, the DC side and the AC side which each side has an independent control system. The control system of the DC side consists of a master controller and two control subsystems for each DC-DC converter. The load flow from the sources to the load is managed through the master controller. AC voltage of the load is regulated by the AC side controller. Simulation results using Simulink/MATLAB confirm that the performance of the suggested control system is entirely satisfactory under various operational scenarios. Keywords— Photovoltaic, stand alone, battery, power management.
Uniﬁed Modeling of α − η − µ/ Inverse Gamma and α − κ − µ/ Inverse Gamma Channels

—In this paper, a uniﬁed model has been developed to model two new shadowed fading channels i.e., α − η − µ/ Inverse Gamma and α − κ − µ/ Inverse Gamma channels. Expressions of their pdfs, CDFs, t th -Moments and Moment Generating Functions have been derived. Various performance matrices such as Average Symbol Error Rate, Outage Probability and Average Channel Capacity have also been obtained from the derived statistics which helps in evaluating the performance of wireless communication systems over these channels.
Interpreting the bounds on Solar Dark Matter induced muons at Super-Kamiokande in the light of CDMS results

We consider the recent limits on dark matter - nucleon elastic scattering cross section from the analysis of CDMS II collaboration using the two signal events observed in CDMS experiment. With these limits we try to interpret the Super-Kamiokande (SK) bounds on the detection rates of up-going muons induced by the neutrinos that are produced in the sun from the decay of annihilation products of dark matter (WIMPs) captured in the solar core. Calculated rates of up-going muons for different annihilation channels at SK using CDMS bounds are found to be orders below the predicted upper limits of such up-going muon rates at SK. Thus there exists room for enhancement (boost) of the calculated rates using CDMS limits for interpreting SK bounds. Such a feature is expected to represent the PAMELA data with the current CDMS limits. We also show the dependence of such a possible enhancement factor (boost) on WIMP mass for different WIMP annihilation channels.
Self-organization without heat: the geometric ratchet effect

We point out a surprising feature of diffusion in inhomogeneous media: under suitable conditions, the rectification of the Brownian paths by a diffusivity gradient can result in initially spread tracers spontaneously concentrating. This “geometric ratchet effect” demonstrates that, in violation of the classical statements of the second law of (non-equilibrium) thermodynamics, self-organization can take place in thermodynamic systems at local equilibrium without heat being produced or exchanged
Ground state and magnetic phase transitions of orthoferrite DyFeO3

Low-temperature thermal conductivity (\kappa), as well as magnetization (M) and electric polarization (P), of multiferroic orthoferrite DyFeO_3 single crystals are studied with H \parallel c. When the crystal is cooled in zero field, M, P, and \kappa all consistently exhibit irreversible magnetic-field dependencies. In particular, with 500 mK < T \le 2 K, all these properties show two transitions at the first run of increasing field but only the higher-field transition is present in the subsequent field sweepings. Moreover, the ultra-low-T (T < 500 mK) \kappa(H) shows a different irreversibility and there is only one transition when the field is swept both up and down. All the results indicate a complex low-T H-T phase diagram involving successive magnetic phase transitions of the Fe^{3+} spins. In particular, the ground state, obtained with cooling to subKelvin temperatures in zero field, is found to be an unexplored phase.
Impact of Signal Frequency on Passive Intermodulation in Coaxial Connectors

Passive intermodulation (PIM) from coaxial connectors can be a significant problem in the transmission of high frequency signals. A major source of this effect is nonlinearity resulting from magnetic materials in the connector fabrication. The PIM performance of a given coaxial connector is, generally, different at different frequencies. As communication frequency bands become denser, developing a better understanding of the passive intermodulation characteristics of coaxial connectors at different frequency bands and using that knowledge to improve connector designs becomes a critical concern. Accordingly, this research seeks to provide a theoretical basis for evaluating PIM performance in coaxial connectors at different frequency bands. In this study, passive intermodulation was analyzed from the perspective of material nonlinearity, with the magnetic material in the coaxial connector coatings considered as the source of the nonlinearity that drives this effect. The current flowing through the magnetic region in a sample coaxial connector configuration was simulated by finite element analysis for a variety of frequency bands. Combined with skin effect theory, the impact of signal frequency on PIM in coaxial connectors was investigated and modeled. The results from this model were validated with experimental tests. Specifically, a multi-band PIM test system was used to measure the third-order intermodulation product power of sample coaxial connectors with input signals from different frequency bands. The corresponding model results and the experimental results show good agreement.
Quantum channels and memory effects

Any physical process can be represented as a quantum channel mapping an initial state to a final state. Hence it can be characterized from the point of view of communication theory, i.e., in terms of its ability to transfer information. Quantum information provides a theoretical framework and the proper mathematical tools to accomplish this. In this context the notion of codes and communication capacities have been introduced by generalizing them from the classical Shannon theory of information transmission and error correction. The underlying assumption of this approach is to consider the channel not as acting on a single system, but on sequences of systems, which, when properly initialized allow one to overcome the noisy effects induced by the physical process under consideration. While most of the work produced so far has been focused on the case in which a given channel transformation acts identically and independently on the various elements of the sequence (memoryless configuration in jargon), correlated error models appear to be a more realistic way to approach the problem. A slightly different, yet conceptually related, notion of correlated errors applies to a single quantum system which evolves continuously in time under the influence of an external disturbance which acts on it in a non-Markovian fashion. This leads to the study of memory effects in quantum channels: a fertile ground where interesting novel phenomena emerge at the intersection of quantum information theory and other branches of physics. A survey is taken of the field of quantum channels theory while also embracing these specific and complex settings.
Finite density QCD phase transition in the heavy quark region

We extend our previous study of the QCD phase structure in the heavy quark region to non-zero chemical potentials. To identify the critical point where the first order deconfining transition terminates, we study an effective potential defined by the probability distribution function of the plaquette and the Polyakov loop. The reweighting technique is shown to be powerful in evaluating the effective potential in a wide range of the plaquette and Polyakov loop expectation values. We adopt the cumulant expansion to overcome the sign problem in the calculation of complex phase of the quark determinant. We find that the method provides us with an intuitive and powerful way to study the phase structure. We estimate the location of the critical point at finite chemical potential in the heavy quark region.
On representing chemical environments

We review some recently published methods to represent atomic neighborhood environments, and analyze their relative merits in terms of their faithfulness and suitability for fitting potential energy surfaces. The crucial properties that such representations (sometimes called descriptors) must have are differentiability with respect to moving the atoms and invariance to the basic symmetries of physics: rotation, reflection, translation, and permutation of atoms of the same species. We demonstrate that certain widely used descriptors that initially look quite different are specific cases of a general approach, in which a finite set of basis functions with increasing angular wave numbers are used to expand the atomic neighborhood density function. Using the example system of small clusters, we quantitatively show that this expansion needs to be carried to higher and higher wave numbers as the number of neighbors increases in order to obtain a faithful representation, and that variants of the descriptors converge at very different rates. We also propose an altogether different approach, called Smooth Overlap of Atomic Positions, that sidesteps these difficulties by directly defining the similarity between any two neighborhood environments, and show that it is still closely connected to the invariant descriptors. We test the performance of the various representations by fitting models to the potential energy surface of small silicon clusters and the bulk crystal.
Paper Title (use style: paper title)

With an increasing application of the multivariate statistical process monitoring method, the fault identification becomes more and more crucial after the fault detection, which is benefited to fault troubleshooting effectively and quickly. To deal with the dynamic process and the impact of random noise on fault identification, a novel fault identification method based on supervised autoregressive dynamic latent variable is proposed in this paper. After the fault label structure is added on the unsupervised model, the relationship between fault information and dynamic latent feature is strengthened. Then, the fault cause is determined based on the fault relevance method. Finally, the validity of method is verified by a numerical example and an actual wastewater treatment case. Keywords—fault identification, ARDLV,fault relevance
The nature of symmetric instability and its similarity to convective and inertial instability. [in atmosphere

Abstract It is shown that there exists a local similarity among SI (symmetric instability), BI (buoyancy or convective instability), and II (inertial instability) even for fully nonlinear viscous motion. The most unstable slope angles for SI are analyzed through a consideration of parcel energetics, and this suggests that qualitatively CSI (conditional SI) circulations will be slantwise and lie between the moist most unstable and dry least stable slopes of the basic state.