Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kainate‐activated cobalt uptake in the primary gustatory nucleus in goldfish: Visualization of the morphology and distribution of cells expressing AMPA/kainate receptors in the vagal lobe

Gustatory afferent fibers of the vagus nerve that innervate taste buds of the oropharynx of the goldfish, Carassius auratus, project to the vagal lobe, which is a laminated gustatory nucleus in the dorsal medulla. As in the mammalian gustatory system, responses by second‐order cells in the goldfish medulla are mediated by N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) and non‐NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors. We utilized a cobalt uptake technique to label vagal lobe neurons that possess cobalt‐permeable ionotropic glutamate receptors. Vagal lobe slices were bathed in kainate (40 μM) or glutamate (0.5 or 1 mM) in the presence of CoCl2, which can pass into cells through the ligand‐gated cation channels of non‐NMDA receptors made up of certain subunit combinations. Cobalt‐filled cells and dendrites were observed in slices that were activated by kainate or glutamate, but not in control slices that were bathed in CoCl2 alone, nor in slices that were bathed with the non‐NMDA receptor antagonist 6,7‐dinitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (10 μM) in addition to an agonist. Likewise, simple depolarization of the cells with KCl failed to induce cobalt loading. Cobalt‐filled round unipolar cells, elongate or globular bipolar cells, and multipolar cells with elongate or polygonal perikarya were distributed throughout the cell layers in the sensory zone of the vagal lobe. Numerous labeled neurons had dendrites spanning layers IV and VI, the two principal layers of primary afferent input. Apical and basal dendrites often extended radially through neighboring laminae, but many cells also extended dendrites tangential to the lamination of the sensory zone. In the motor layer, cell bodies and proximal dendrites of small, multipolar neurons, and large motoneurons were regularly loaded with cobalt. J. Comp. Neurol. 431:59–74, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of events scale: a comparison of frequency versus severity approaches to measuring cancer‐specific distress

The Impact of Events Scale (IES) is one of the most widely used measures of event‐specific distress. The IES assesses the frequency with which respondents experience intrusive thoughts and avoidant behaviors over the past week. Our aim is to demonstrate the benefit of a severity‐based measurement approach of the IES compared with a frequency‐based measurement approach.
The Bath University Rugby Shuttle Test (BURST): a pilot study.

PURPOSE This study presents an exercise protocol utilizing movement patterns specific to rugby union forward and assesses the reproducibility of scores from this test. METHODS After habituation, eight participants (mean+/-SD: age=21+/-3 y, height=180+/-4 cm, body mass=83.9+/-3.9 kg) performed the Bath University Rugby Shuttle Test (BURST) on two occasions, 1 wk apart. The protocol comprised 16x315-s cycles (4x21-min blocks) of 20-m shuttles of walking and cruising with 10-m jogs, with simulated scrummaging, rucking, or mauling exercises and standing rests. In the last minute of every 315-s cycle, a timed Performance Test was carried out, involving carrying a tackle bag and an agility sprint with a ball, followed by a 25-s recovery and a 15-m sprint. RESULTS Participants traveled 7078 m, spending 79.8 and 20.2% of time in low- and high-intensity activity, respectively. The coefficients of variation (CV) between trials 1 and 2 for mean time on the Performance Test (17.78+/-0.71 vs 17.58+/-0.79 s) and 15-m sprint (2.69+/-0.15 vs 2.69+/-0.15 s) were 1.3 and 0.9%, respectively. There was a CV of 2.2% between trials 1 and 2 for mean heart rate (160+/-5 vs 158+/-5 beats x min(-1)) and 14.4% for blood lactate (4.41+/-1.22 vs 4.68+/-1.68 mmolxL(-1)). CONCLUSION Results suggest that measures of rugby union-specific high-intensity exercise performed during the BURST were reproducible over two trials in habituated participants.
A comparison of reliability methods and the REMM process

This paper describes conventional methods of reliability prediction and their uses. It also describes the REMM process and the REMM statistical model. Examples of using the REMM process are shown from 4 aerospace companies and a comparison made between the REMM process and conventional reliability approaches. The paper concludes by listing the advantages and disadvantages of using the REMM process as compared to conventional reliability methods.
Moderate Maternal Energy Restriction During Gestation in Pigs Attenuates Fetal Skeletal Muscle Development Through Changing Myogenic Gene Expression and Myofiber Characteristics

Maternal undernutrition during gestation influences the development of the fetus, thereby increasing the risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Skeletal muscle, one of the key insulin-responsive organs, is susceptible to maternal nutritional programming. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of moderate maternal energy restriction during gestation in pigs on basic events of fetal skeletal myogenesis. Primiparous, purebred Meishan sows were fed a control (normal energy intake) or a low-energy (LE) diet from mating to day 90 of gestation. Biochemical characteristics, myogenic gene expression, and myofiber characteristics were assessed in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of fetuses on days 55 and 90 of gestation. Fetal weights, myofiber density, and fetal umbilical vein serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentration decreased in LE group on both days 55 and 90 of gestation. The expression and activity of creatine kinase, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of myosin heavy chain (MYH/MyHC) genes (MYH2 and MYH4), concentration of muscular DNA and protein, and protein expression of fast-MyHC isoforms were reduced in LD muscle of LE fetuses on day 55 or 90 of gestation. Meanwhile, myogenic gene expression was reduced in LE fetuses on day 55 or 90 of gestation, indicating the downregulation of myogenesis. Additionally, the exposure to LE diet led to increased isocitrate dehydrogenase activity and slow MyHC (MYH7) mRNA expression on day 90 of gestation, suggesting the elevation of oxidative muscle metabolism. These findings suggest that moderate energy restriction during gestation attenuates fetal skeletal muscle development in pigs, resulting in the delay of skeletal muscle differentiation and maturity.
Geographic stereo video web service based on the REST architecture

Geographic stereo video includes both spatial and temporal geographic features acquired through ground-based or non-ground-based cameras. This paper aims to design and develop the geographic stereo video web service system. Firstly, the paper reviews on the state of arts of geographic video and geographic stereo video, analyzes the REST architectural style. The application requirement of geographic stereo video is analyzed, such as video visualization, querying, measure. The web service is designed in detail taking the video playing service for example. The interactive process and the HTTP request-response process of the client-service are proposed. Based on the analysis of Microsoft WCF, the development technology of the web service is discussed, the uniform resource identifier of video playing service is defined, and the prototype system of geographic stereo video web service is implemented. The results show that the application of the geographic stereo video web service in industry and community is valuable.
The fine structure of ejaculated ram spermatozoa following scrotal heating.

Local heating ofthe scrotal contents of rams to approximately 40\s=deg\Cfor 1\m=1/2\ to 2hr causes a sharp increase in the proportion of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa in the ejaculate 14 to 16 days later (Braden & Mattner, 1970). This period of delay approximates to the epididymal passage time for ram spermatozoa (Dawson, 1958; Amir & Ortavant, 1968), and has been cited as evidence that spermatozoa undergoing epididymal passage at the time of heating are resistant to damage (Braden & Mattner, 1970). In the study, observations were made of the changes in the fine structure of ejaculated ram spermatozoa after mild scrotal heating. Merino good quality semen of hr ram (D) treatment the water-bath at 34\s=deg\C. Semen by electroejaculation scrotal The motility of each ejaculate estimated after collection, of live and spermatozoa Spermatozoa
Evaluation of diagnostic procedures

This is the first of a series of five articles Development and introduction of new diagnostic techniques have greatly accelerated over the past decades. The evaluation of diagnostic techniques, however, is less advanced than that of treatments. Unlike with drugs, there are generally no formal requirements for adoption of diagnostic tests in routine care. In spite of important contributions, 1 2 the methodology of diagnostic research is poorly defined compared with study designs on treatment effectiveness, or on aetiology, so it is not surprising that methodological flaws are common in diagnostic studies.3–5 Furthermore, research funds rarely cover diagnostic research starting from symptoms or tests. Since quality of the diagnostic process largely determines quality of care, overcoming deficiencies in standards, methodology, and funding deserves high priority. This article summarises objectives of diagnostic testing and research, methodological challenges, and options for design of studies. #### Summary points Development of diagnostic techniques has greatly accelerated but the methodology of diagnostic research lags far behind that for evaluating treatments Objectives of diagnostic investigations include detection or exclusion of disease; contributing to management; assessment of prognosis; monitoring clinical course; and measurement of general health or fitness Methodological challenges include the “gold standard” problem; spectrum and selection biases; “soft” measures (subjective phenomena); observer variability and bias; complex relations; clinical impact; sample size; and rapid progress of knowledge Diagnostic investigations collect information to clarify patients' health status, using personal characteristics, symptoms, signs, history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and additional facilities. Objectives include the following.
CC‐chemokine ligand 17 gene therapy induces tumor regression through augmentation of tumor‐infiltrating immune cells in a murine model of preexisting CT26 colon carcinoma

Chemokines, which regulate leukocyte trafficking and infiltration of local sites, are attractive candidates for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy by enhancing the accumulation of immune cells in tumor tissue. Herein, we evaluated the antitumor effects of intratumoral injection of RGD fiber‐mutant adenoviral vectors (AdRGDs) encoding the chemokines CCL17, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL22, CCL27, XCL1 or CX3CL1 in a murine model of preexisting CT26 colon carcinoma. Among these 8 chemokine‐expressing AdRGDs, injection of AdRGD‐CCL17 most effectively induced tumor regression and generated specific immunity in rechallenge experiments. Tumor elimination activity by intratumoral injection of AdRGD‐CCL17 depended on both the vector dose and the number of injections, and mainly required CD8+ CTLs in an effector phase as confirmed by analysis using BALB/c nude mice and an in vivo depletion assay. In addition, CCL17 gene transduction induced significant increases in the number of infiltrating macrophages and CD8+ T cells in CT26 tumors, and changed the tumor microenvironment to an immunologic activation state in which there was enhanced expression of lymphocyte activation markers and cell adhesion molecules. Thus, our data provide evidence that CCL17 gene transduction of local tumor sites is a promising approach for the development of a cancer immunogene therapy that can recruit activated tumor‐infiltrating immune effector cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wavelet Analysis of Dynamic PET Data: Application to the Parametric Imaging of Benzodiazepine Receptor Concentration

Receptor density and ligand affinity can be assessed using positron emission tomography (PET). Biological parameters (B(max)('), k(1), k(2), k(on)/V(R), k(off)) are estimated using a compartmental model and a multi-injection protocol. Parametric imaging of the ligand-receptor model has been shown to be of special interest to study certain brain disorders. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio in kinetic curves at the pixel level hampers an adequate estimation of model parameters during the optimization procedure. For this reason, mapping requires a spatial filter, resulting in a loss of resolution. Filtering the kinetic curves in the frequency domain using the Fourier transform is not appropriate, because of difficulties in choosing a correct and efficient cutoff frequency. A wavelet-based filter is more appropriate to such tracer kinetics. The purpose of this study is to build up parametric images at the pixel level while conserving the original spatial resolution, using wavelet-based filtering. Data from [(11)C]flumazenil studies, mapping the benzodiazepine receptor density, were used. An invertible discrete wavelet transform was used to calculate the time-frequency signals of the time-concentration PET curves on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Kinetic curves observed from large regions of interest in high and low receptor-density regions were used to calibrate the threshold of wavelet coefficients. The shrunken wavelet coefficients were then transformed back to the original domain in order to obtain the filtered PET signal. Maps of all binding parameters were obtained at the pixel level with acceptable coefficients of variation of less than 30% for the B(max)(') parameter in most of the gray matter. A strong correlation between model parameter estimates using the usual regions of interest and parametric imaging was observed for all model parameters (r = 0.949 for the parameter B(max)(')). We conclude that wavelet-based filters are useful for building binding parameter maps without loss of the original spatial resolution of the PET scanner. The use of the wavelet-based filtering method can be extended far beyond the multi-injection protocol. It is likely to be also effective for other dynamic PET studies.
Labeling of cerebral amyloid beta deposits in vivo using intranasal basic fibroblast growth factor and serum amyloid P component in mice.

UNLABELLED There is currently no method for noninvasive imaging of amyloid beta (Abeta) deposition in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because Abeta plaques are characteristic of AD and Abeta deposits contain abundant heparan sulfate proteoglycans that can bind basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and serum amyloid P component (SAP), we investigated a novel route of ligand delivery to the brain to assess Abeta deposition in a transgenic (Tg) mouse model overexpressing Abeta-protein precursor. METHODS The biodistribution of bFGF injected intranasally was studied using (125)I-bFGF in Tg and wild-type control mice and by unlabeled bFGF and SAP immunocytochemistry with light and electron microscopy. RESULTS Three- to 5-fold higher amounts of (125)I-bFGF were found in the brain of Tg mice than that of wild-type mice (P < 0.05). bFGF or SAP given intranasally labeled cerebral Abeta plaques in the cortex and microvessels of Tg mice but not in wild-type mice. Weak bFGF staining and no SAP staining were detected in Tg mice without intranasal injection of the ligands. bFGF and SAP stained neurons around the rim of Abeta deposits and throughout the cortex in Tg mice. There was only weak staining of neurons in Tg mice without intranasal injection of bFGF and no staining of SAP in Tg mice without intranasal injection of SAP. No bFGF or SAP staining was evident in wild-type control mice. CONCLUSION We report a novel noninvasive method for labeling Abeta plaques. This method may be modified for human studies using intranasal injection of radiolabeled ligands and imaging with SPECT or PET.
Temporal characterization of protein production levels from baculovirus vectors coding for GFP and RFP genes under non‐conventional promoter control

The ease of use and versatility of the Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS) has made it one of the most widely used systems for recombinant protein production However, co‐expression systems currently in use mainly make use of the very strong very late p10 and polyhedron (polh) promoters to drive expression of foreign genes, which does not provide much scope for tailoring expression ratios within the cell. This work demonstrates the use of different Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) promoters to control the timing and expression of two easily traceable fluorescent proteins, the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), and a red fluorescent protein (DsRed2) in a BEVS co‐expression system. Our results show that gene expression levels can easily be controlled using this strategy, and also that modulating the expression level of one protein can influence the level of expression of the other protein within the system, thus confirming the concept of genes “competing” for limited cellular resources. Plots of “expression ratios” of the two model genes over time were obtained, and may be used in future work to tightly control timing and levels of foreign gene expression in an insect cell co‐expression system. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1822–1831. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long-term effects of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with computer-assisted cognitive training in healthy older adults

The aim of the present study was to analyze the long-term effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the bilateral prefrontal cortex combined with computer-assisted cognitive training on working memory and cognitive function in healthy older adults aged at least 65 years. Forty healthy older adults were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups: anodal and sham tDCS. All participants completed 10 sessions of computer-assisted cognitive training, combined with tDCS of the bilateral prefrontal cortex. The accuracy of the verbal working memory task and performance of the digit span forward test were significantly improved after computer-assisted cognitive training combined with bifrontal anodal tDCS as compared with that after computer-assisted cognitive training combined with sham tDCS. Moreover, the effect lasts for 4 weeks in the verbal working memory task. We suggest that the tDCS-induced changes in the bilateral prefrontal excitability during computer-assisted cognitive training may have beneficial effects on age-related cognitive decrement in healthy older adults.
Statistical Modeling of the Reflection Symmetry Metric for Sea Clutter in Dual-Polarimetric SAR Data

Reflection symmetry is an intrinsic property used to distinguish man-made metallic targets and sea clutter in dual-polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. We derive a statistical model for the reflection symmetry metric (RSM) of sea clutter using the covariance matrix between co-polarized and cross-polarized channels. Consequently, the G0 model is theoretically analyzed for its appropriateness in describing the statistical behavior of the RSM of sea clutter. We also assess the suitability of the Student's T location-scale (TLS) distribution for modeling the RSMs of sea clutter in dual-polarimetric SAR data. Experiments based on single look complex (SLC) HH-HV and VV-VH dual-polarimetric SAR data acquired by L-band ALOS-PALSAR and C-band RADARSAT-2 verify the superiority of the G0 model over the TLS distribution.
The future of Wi-Fi [Guest Editorial]

Driven by the rapidly increasing demand for high data rate services and usage in a spectrum of application areas, wireless systems are compelled to evolve in order to meet the extraordinary performance requirements, especially in terms of spectral efficiency, coverage, latency, and energy efficiency. Regarding wireless local area networks, the first few widely accepted amendments to IEEE 802.11 wireless networking specifications, IEEE 802.11b/a/g, featured low spectral efficiencies, which are becoming insufficient to satisfy explosive traffic growth and the ever increasing consumer connectivity demand. With the soaring cost of the limited bandwidth at the 2.4 GHz frequency band, sustained improvement in spectral efficiency and quality of service has been achieved in IEEE 802.11n, which is mainly driven by advances in communication theory and the use of the 5 GHz frequency band. Specifically, the successive introduction of novel techniques such as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna techniques and space-time coding, and the massive improvement in hardware and processing power, have enabled progressive system improvement. The introduction of advanced transmission techniques in recent years, notably multiuser MIMO and transmit beamforming, has provided additional powerful means for boosting the performance of Wi-Fi to gigabit per second speed and leading to the emerging IEEE 802.11ac. This is followed by the future introduction of IEEE 802.11ad products utilizing the 60 GHz frequency band, which are expected to take Wi-Fi speeds to multiple gigabits per second, and IEEE 802.1lax products, which are expected to improve the spectrum efficiency of Wi-Fi, thus enhancing system throughput per area in high-density scenarios of access points and client stations.
BTLA identifies dysfunctional PD-1-expressing CD4+ T cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma

ABSTRACT Although immunotherapy targeting programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway is being applied in clinic, the response outcomes are heterogeneous, suggesting existences of distinctive subsets within PD-1-expressing T cells that react differently to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. However, markers to demarcate these subsets in human cancers remain unclear. Here, we found that both PD-1 and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) were significantly upregulated on CD4+ T cells from tumor compared with those from paired non-tumor liver in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Interestingly, over 85% BTLA+ CD4+ T cells were PD-1-expressing cells and represented about 50% PD-1+ CD4+ T cells in tumors, and that level of BTLA+PD-1+ tumor CD4+ T cells were selectively associated with advanced stage HCC. BTLA+ identified highly dysfunctional PD-1-expressing CD4+ T cell subset, whereas BTLA− defined PD-1+ CD4+ T cells undergoing activation in HCC. Importantly, blockade of PD-L1 could restore the ability of IFNγ/TNF-α production in BTLA+PD-1+ tumor CD4+ T cells but partially suppressed the activation of BTLA−PD-1+ CD4+ T cells. Moreover, we provided evidence that BTLA signals also participated in suppressing CD4+ T cell function in HCC. In conclusion, BTLA could identify distinct function of PD-1 expressing CD4+ T cells in human cancer, which might not only advance our understanding of inhibitory receptor blockade, but also provide new targets for clinical predictors of response to these immunotherapies.
Social Data and Multimedia Analytics for News and Events Applications

This paper discusses a framework enabling real-time multimedia indexing and search across multiple social media sources. It places particular emphasis on the real-time, social and contextual nature of content and information consumption in order to integrate topic and event detection, mining, search and retrieval, based on aggregation and indexing of shared user-generated multimedia content. User-friendly applications for the News and Events domains have been developed based on these approaches, incorporating novel user-centric media visualisation and browsing methods. The research and development is part of the FP7 EU project SocialSensor.