Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grey zone simulations of the morning convective boundary layer development

Numerical simulations of two cases of morning boundary layer development are conducted to investigate the impact of grid resolution on mean profiles and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) partitioning from the large eddy simulation (LES) to the mesoscale limit. Idealized LES, using the 3‐D Smagorinsky scheme, is shown to be capable of reproducing the boundary layer evolution when compared against measurements. However, increasing grid spacing results in the damping of resolved TKE and the production of superadiabatic temperature profiles in the boundary layer. Turbulence initiation is significantly delayed, exhibiting an abrupt onset at intermediate resolutions. Two approaches, the bounding of vertical diffusion coefficient and the blending of the 3‐D Smagorinsky with a nonlocal 1D scheme, are used to model subgrid diffusion at grey zone resolutions. Simulations are compared against the coarse‐grained fields from the validated LES results for each case. Both methods exhibit particular strengths and weaknesses, indicating the compromise that needs to be made currently in high‐resolution numerical weather prediction. The blending scheme is able to reproduce the adiabatic profiles although turbulence is underestimated in favor of the parametrized heat flux, and the spin‐up of TKE remains delayed. In contrast, the bounding approach gives an evolution of TKE that follows the coarse‐grained LES very well, relying on the resolved motions for the nonlocal heat flux. However, bounding gives unrealistic static instability in the early morning temperature profiles (similar to the 3‐D Smagorinsky scheme) because model dynamics are unable to resolve TKE when the boundary layer is too shallow compared to the grid spacing.
Structural analysis and molecular modeling of Human dopamine receptor 5 (DRD5)

Dopamine has been shown to play a key role in the Central Nervous System. Any imbalance in dopamine production and dopamine receptor activity has been implicated widely in the pharmacology, of a number of neurobehavioral disorders existing today. The dopamine receptors interact with G-proteins to transduce dopamine stimulation into intracellular responses. In this work a 3D structure of DRD5 based on the template of High resolution crystal structure of human �-2 adrenergic receptor (PDB code 2RH1A) was generated. The model was assessed using MOLPROBITY. The results revealed that 94% of the residues were found in the favoured region of Ramachandran's plot. Active site analysis showed that predicted binding sites included all the seven transmembrane helices. Our work demonstrates that in silico modeling of proteins has been shown to play an important role in determining protein structure and provides a promising area in possible drug discovery.
The Zugspitze radiative closure experiment for quantifying water vaporabsorption over the terrestrial and solar infrared –Part 3: Quantification of the mid- and near-infrared water vapor continuumin the 2500 to 7800 cm −1 spectral range under atmospheric conditions

Abstract. We present a first quantification of the near-infrared (NIR) water vapor continuum absorption from an atmospheric radiative closure experiment carried out at the Zugspitze (47.42° N, 10.98° E; 2964 m a.s.l.). Continuum quantification is achieved via radiative closure using radiometrically calibrated solar Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra covering the 2500 to 7800 cm−1 spectral range. The dry atmospheric conditions at the Zugspitze site (IWV 1.4 to 3.3 mm) enable continuum quantification even within water vapor absorption bands, while upper limits for continuum absorption can be provided in the centers of window regions. Throughout 75 % of the 2500 to 7800 cm−1 spectral range, the Zugspitze results agree within our estimated uncertainty with the widely used MT_CKD 2.5. 2 model (Mlawer et al., 2012). In the wings of water vapor absorption bands, our measurements indicate about 2–5 times stronger continuum absorption than MT_CKD, namely in the 2800 to 3000 cm−1 and 4100 to 4200 cm−1 spectral ranges. The measurements are consistent with the laboratory measurements of Mondelain et al. (2015), which rely on cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CDRS), and the calorimetric–interferometric measurements of Bicknell et al. (2006). Compared to the recent FTIR laboratory studies of Ptashnik et al. (2012, 2013), our measurements are consistent within the estimated errors throughout most of the spectral range. However, in the wings of water vapor absorption bands our measurements indicate typically 2–3 times weaker continuum absorption under atmospheric conditions, namely in the 3200 to 3400, 4050 to 4200, and 6950 to 7050 cm−1 spectral regions.
Challenges in applying best evidence to physiotherapy

Purpose: As the first of two papers addressing challenges in applying best evidence to physiotherapy practice, this paper highlights the role of qualitative research and challenges researchers face in producing sound evidence for practice. Summary of Key Points: The challenge of what constitutes acceptable evidence to inform evidence-based practice is addressed in this paper with critique of the current over-reliance on quantitative methodologies that excludes a substantial body of valuable qualitative evidence to support sound practice. The current trend of relying on questionnaire s to obtain psychosocial data is challenged on the basis of limitations of research design. Challenges to researchers from the quantitative and qualitative worlds to break down the political barriers separating these two groups are put forward. Lastly, we consider challenges that clinicians face in maintaining best practice based on when evidence is still largely not available or is compromised by limitations to research design with respect to population homogeneity, diagnostic inclusion criteria, intervention details, outcome measures, and critical appraisal tools. Conclusion: Quantitative research alone is insufficient to understand patients’ pain and disability experiences. Researchers are challenged to improve their reporting of research with greater detail provided regarding populations, therapeutic environment, and interventions used if clinicians are to be able to apply research findings in practice.
Grain and crystal texture properties of absorber layers in MOCVD-grown CdTe/CdS solar cells

The microstructure of 4–13 µm thick CdTe absorber layers in CdTe/CdS/ITO/glass solar cell structures grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) at 350 °C has been studied. The crystalline texture, lattice parameter and grain size were measured as a function of thickness for the as-grown layers, and as a function of annealing temperature and time for annealing in both nitrogen (N2) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2) environments. The average grain sizes developed with thickness as r (µm) = 0.050x − 0.10 (4 < x < 12 µm), and this behaviour is contrasted with that for close-spaced sublimation material grown at 500 °C. Annealing in both ambients promoted grain growth (with Rayleigh grain size distribution functions and Burke–Turnbull exponents being n = 7 at 440 °C and ∼4 at 400 °C), a development of the grown-in preferred orientation from [1 1 1] to [2 1 1], and relief of the grown-in compressive stress. A growth mechanism by which development of the [2 1 1] preferred orientation may accompany grain growth is described. It is concluded that MOCVD growth at temperatures higher than 350 °C used here will be required to produce the larger grain sizes required for photovoltaic applications.
Measuring the Economic Cost of Hydrated Ethanol by the EVA®: A Case Study in the São Martinho Mill, in Brazil

The aim of this paper is to evaluate and measure the economic costs of hydrated ethanol during the periods from 2004 to 2012 in the Sao Martinho Mill (a large Brazilian company) by the EVA ® (Economic Value Added) approach. We adopted as initial conception the economic costs of hydrated ethanol towards their respective sectoral economic aspects, so as to clarify the EVA ® among the levels of investment versus the capital cost employed. For this, it was applied a quantitative metric within of an exploratory approach adopted in the studies by Saito, Savoia and Angelo (2011). Results offer reflections that the Sao Martinho Mill is in a situation of economic value aggregation and emphasize the importance of adequacy of capital costs from the year 2012 in order to align the metric and also allow the assessment of investments and achieve economies of scale by the optimizing of the production cost, enabling the real perception of the assessment by the shareholders on an analysis of the next cycle of the EVA ® performance. Results also allow us to infer the importance of parametric consideration of the capital cost, and moreover, in parallel, reinforce the need to understand the structure of the operational cost, hence the need for a new approach to the opportunity capital cost.
Procrustes Analysis and the Goodness-of-fit of Biplots: Some Thoughts and Findings

In this paper we provide some thoughts and findings on the application of Procrustes analysis in assessing the goodness-of-fit of biplots. Our first interest deals with the choice of object and variable matrices employed in biplots analysis, where we offer more general matrices in term of flexibility in selecting distance function. Next we pay our concern to the interconnection between Gabriel and Procrustes based goodness-of-fits in logratio biplots which widely used in compositional data analysis. Our last finding lies on the very fundamental matter of Procrustes analysis practice. It is well-known that in matching of two configuration matrices with different number of columns, common procedure then places a number of columns of zeros in the last such that the dimension of matrices are the same. We supply a justification that such columns of zeros can be placed not only in the last, but also anywhere. Mathematics Subject Classification: 03F03, 15A04, 62A01
Testing for Proportional Hazards with Unrestricted Univariate Unobserved Heterogeneity

We develop tests of the proportional hazards assumption, with respect to a continuous covariate, in the presence of unobserved heterogeneity with unknown distribution at the individual observation level. The proposed tests are specially powerful against ordered alternatives useful for modeling non-proportional hazards situations. By contrast to the case when the heterogeneity distribution is known up to â€¦nite dimensional parameters, the null hypothesis for the current problem is similar to a test for absence of covariate dependence. However, the two testing problems diÂ¤er in the nature of relevant alternative hypotheses. We develop tests for both the problems against ordered alternatives. Small sample performance and an application to real data highlight the usefulness of the framework and methodology.
Source of Seasonality and Scale Dependence of Predictability in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model

The seasonality of predictability of ENSO (related to the so-called spring predictability barrier) is investigated using the Cane–Zebiak coupled model. Observed winds are used to force the ocean component of the model to generate analyzed initial conditions. It is shown that decrease of predictability during Northern Hemispheric spring is due to fast error growth (with a doubling time of small errors of about seven months) being associated with many, but not all, spring analyzed initial conditions. With winter analyzed initial conditions, errors always grow more slowly (with a doubling time of about 15 months). The fast growth rate of errors seen in the dominant empirical orthogonal function (EOF) in spring is present in all smaller scales of motion (higher EOFs) in all seasons. The coupled model allows initial errors in smaller scales to quickly cascade to the dominant scale in spring of certain years, while it does not allow this in winter. Further, if the initial conditions are generated from a long coupled run (coupled initial conditions as opposed to analyzed initial conditions), then errors in the dominant mode grow slowly both in spring and winter. These results establish that the origin of the seasonality of predictability lies in the use of observed winds to create initial conditions. The authors propose that the analyzed initial conditions have an ‘‘imbalance’’ that arises from the fact that the variability of observed winds has a much larger small-scale high-frequency component than model winds. Such imbalances in the spring initial conditions in certain years quickly affect the evolution of the dominant mode, leading to loss of predictability. Even though such imbalances may be present in the winter initial conditions, they take a much longer time to influence the dominant mode, thus accounting for the greater predictability in winter.
Diagnosis of acute diarrhea in pigs and piglets in Meghalaya, India

This paper reports the diagnosis of acute diarrhoea in three male pigs and two female piglets died in an organized pig farm in Meghalaya, India. Intestinal contents and liver samples from dead pigs and piglets were investigated for isolation and identification of bacteria. Bacterial isolation confirmed the causative agent as Clostrodium perfringens. A total of eight C. perfringens were isolated out of 10 clinical samples. Isolates harbored identical double plasmid DNA of molecular weights 42.8 kb and 51.9 kb common to all. In polymerase chain reaction (PCR), all the eight (100%) clinical isolates harboured alpha toxin gene (cpa) and beta2 toxin gene (cpb2). None of the isolates were positive for beta, epsilon, iota and enterotoxin genes. The PCR analysis revealed that all isolates derived from acute diarrhoea belonged to C. perfringens type A. The partial cpa gene sequences from two Indian field isolates in BLAST showed similarity values greater than 99% to the published database sequences of C. perfringens. The phylogenetic analysis also revealed 98.6 to 100% sequence homology among the isolates studied. The findings suggested that C. perfringens type A having additional cpb2 gene might play a significant role in occurrence of acute diarrhoea in pigs and piglets in
HER2 signaling regulates the tumor immune microenvironment and trastuzumab efficacy

ABSTRACT Through whole-transcriptome profiling of HER2+ breast carcinomas (BCs), we previously showed that those sensitive to trastuzumab are addicted to this oncoprotein and are enriched in immune pathways, raising the hypothesis that HER2 itself regulates immune cell recruitment. In the present study we investigated the relationship between HER2 activity and the pro-trastuzumab tumor immune milieu. Gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry analysis of 53 HER2+ BCs showed that trastuzumab-sensitive tumors expressed significantly higher levels of chemokines involved in immune cell recruitment, with higher infiltration of T cells and monocytes, and higher levels of PD-1 ligands than tumors that do not benefit from trastuzumab. In vitro analysis in HER2+ BC cells revealed that CCL2 production was induced by HER2 stimulation with EGF/HRG via the PI3K-NF-kB axis, and down-modulated by HER2 inhibition with trastuzumab. CCL2 expression was higher in HER2+/ER− than HER2+/ER+ BC cell lines, and degradation of ER by fulvestrant induced an enhancement in NF-κB transcriptional activity and consequent CCL2 expression. Trastuzumab efficacy relied on CCL2 levels and monocytes present in the tumor microenvironment in FVB mice bearing HER2+ mammary carcinoma cells. HER2 signals were also found to sustain the expression of PD-1 ligands in tumor cells via the MEK pathway. Overall, our results support the concept that the activated HER2 oncogene regulates recruitment and activation of tumor infiltrating immune cells and trastuzumab activity by inducing CCL2 and PD-1 ligands and that ER activity negatively controls the HER2-driven pro-trastuzumab tumor microenvironment.
Intellectual Capital Efficiency: Evidence from Bangladesh

The study investigates associations, first, between a firmâ€™s intellectual capital and market value, and second, between a firmâ€™s intellectual capital and financial performance in the context of Bangladeshi companies selected from three different industries - banking, textiles, and pharmaceuticals. This was investigated through applying Ante Pulicâ€™s (1998) framework of Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC). Most of the previous analyses on intellectual capital focused only one industry, although Pulic informed that VAIC is a standardized measure that could be applied over a range of companies of different sizes, taken from different sectors and across different countries. Findings from this study should assist to determine if Bangladeshi firms appear to continue relying on traditional resources for wealth creation, or if they are shifting towards a greater reliance on intellectual capital factors of production in determining profitability and market valuation.
Planification de pas pour robots humanoïdes : approches discrètes et continues

Dans cette these nous nous interessons a deux types d'approches pour la planification de pas pour robots humanoides : d'une part les approches discretes ou le robot n'a qu'un nombre fini de pas possibles, et d'autre part les approches ou le robot se base sur des zones de faisabilite continues. Nous etudions ces problemes a la fois du point de vue theorique et pratique. En particulier nous decrivons deux methodes originales, coherentes et efficaces pour la planification de pas, l'une dans le cas discret (chapitre 5) et l'autre dans le cas continu (chapitre 6). Nous validons ces methodes en simulation ainsi qu'avec plusieurs experiences sur le robot HRP-2.
The Effect of Quality System of ISO 9000, The Strategic Role of Human Resources Management, Total Quality Management and Organization Culture to Organization Performance (Survey at ISO Standardized Puskesmas in Central Sulawesi)

The purpose of this research is to know, to test and to analyze the direct effect of ISO 9000 quality system program, the strategic role of human resource management, total quality management to organizational culture and performance and indirect influence to organizational performance through organizational culture. The analytical method used is path analysis with AMOS IBM SPSS software, 22 version.Results and Discussion; the ISO 9000 quality system program has a significant effect on organizational culture of 44.5% with p-value 0,000 α = 0.05. Total quality management directly affects organizational culture by 25.9% with p-value 0,000 α = 0.05. Total quality management indirectly affects organizational performance significantly through organizational culture of 10.0% with p-value 0,000 <α = 0.05. Keywords: ISO, the strategic role of human resource management, TQM, organizational culture, and organizational performance.
An Investigation of Multidimensional Energy Poverty in Pakistan: A Province Level Analysis

Present study employs Alkire and Foster’s (2007) methodology to measure Multidimensional Energy Poverty (MEP) at provincial level in Pakistan. MEP Headcount has been calculated using PSLM data. Indoor pollution is found to be the largest contributor to MEP Headcount in all four provinces of Pakistan while cooking fuel is the second largest contributor. Results of MEP Headcount show that 47%, 51%, 69% and 66% of the households residing in Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtoon Khaw (KPK) and Baluchistan provinces of Pakistan respectively are energy poor. Households of all the four provinces are most deprived in the dimension of indoor pollution i.e. in the range of 49% to 63% followed by cooking fuel i.e. in the range of 35% to 59%. Deprivation is least in the dimension of home appliances for all provinces except Baluchistan which is least deprived in entertainment appliances dimension.
Millennial Generation and the Mobile Internet Devices in Shopping Activities

The Millennial Generation and the technology revolution using MID’s are changing business interactions with customers. Despite the fact Millennials are purchasing through MID’s and using these devices to support their purchasing decision, in Dominican Republic there is no available data to explain this consumer trend. The purpose of this study is to explore what Millennials value the most in the purchase process using MID’s. For this study a phenomenological interview approach, contrasting two main elements: “Social Management” and “Consumer Empowerment”, using the framework described in “The Meaning of Shopping Experiences Augmented by Mobile Internet Devices” from Brian Spaid and Daniel Flint, was used to collect data. An outcome of this study is the finding that the Millennial Generation spend time sharing and validating information as well as reading reviews through social networks in order to seek other’s opinions which in turn impacts on their purchase decision. Also seeking product information, comparing prices and having control of the purchase decision, make Millennials feel they can trust their shopping experience for value and smart shopping. This consumer trend in the Dominican Republic to use MID’s may change the way companies interact with customers requiring they adapt their businesses model to connect with consumer behaviors and buying patterns of Millennials.
New characteristics of submicron aerosols and factor analysis of combined organic and inorganic aerosol mass spectra during winter in Beijing

Abstract. In recent years, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to heavy haze pollution in Beijing, China. In addition to Beijing's population of approximately 20 million and its 5 million vehicles, nearby cities and provinces are host to hundreds of heavily polluting industries. In this study, a comparison between observations in January 2013 and January 2014 showed that non-refractory PM1 (NR-PM1) pollution was weaker in January 2014, which was primarily caused by variations in meteorological conditions. For the first time, positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to the merged high-resolution mass spectra of organic and inorganic aerosols from aerosol mass spectrometer measurements in Beijing, and the sources and evolution of NR-PM1 in January 2014 were investigated. The two factors, NO3-OA1 and NO3-OA2, were primarily composed of ammonium nitrate, and each showed a different degree of oxidation and diurnal variation. The organic fraction of SO4-OA showed the highest degree of oxidation of all PMF factors. The hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (OA) and cooking OA factors contained negligible amounts of inorganic species. The coal combustion OA factor contained a high contribution from chloride in its mass spectrum. The NR-PM1 composition showed significant variations in January 2014, in which the contribution of nitrate clearly increased during heavy pollution events. The most effective way to control fine particle pollution in Beijing is through joint prevention and control measures at the regional level, rather than a focus on an individual city, especially for severe haze events.
Characterization of Lipopolysaccharides of Bradyrhizobium japonicum KDR 15 Heavy Metal Tolerant

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Bradyrhizobium japonicum KDR 15 heavy metal tolerant strain was isolated by miniphenol-water extraction and yielded LPS in phenol and water phase. The LPS KDR 15 was further characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) and showed many bands distributed from an area of high until low molecular weight (LPS IA, IB, and II). Composition analysis of the LPS had been done after acetic acid 1% hydrolysis. The polysaccharide portion consist of glucose, sucrose, galactose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, rhamnose, ribose, glucosamine, and 3-deoksi-D-manno-oktulosonat (KDO). Lipid A portion consisted of C 16:0 and C 18:1 . The LPS also contained 0.02% of protein and 1.7% of phosphate. The presence of functional groups that shows negative charge densities such as phosphate and carboxyl within LPS KDR 15 assumed to be a potentially binding sites for accumulating heavy metals. Key words: Bradyrhizobium japonicum, heavy metal tolerant, lipopolysaccharides