Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Signal Molecules Crosstalk and the Critical Role of Jasmonic Acid in Triterpenoid Synthesis Inducement of Aspergillus Niger Elicitor in Suspension Cultured Cyclocarya Paliurus Cells

Background: Cyclocarya paliurus (C. paliurus) leaves contain multiple health benefical metabolites, and therefore are often used in functional foods and Chinese herbal medicines. However, breeding difficulties confines its utilization. Consequently, cell suspension culture was developed to produce the bioactive secondary metabolites of C. paliurus leaves, but the content was comparatively low. In the present paper, Aspergillus Niger Elicitor (ANE) was used to stimulate the synthesis of triterpenoids in the suspension cultured C. paliurus cells, and the signal molecules crosstalk involved in this elicitation was further studied to interpret the underlying mechanism. Results: Total triterpenoids accumulation of the cultured C. paliurus cells elicited by 200 µg/mL ANE was 9.17 times higher than that of the untreated cells. Nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and jasmonic acid (JA) played important roles in the elicitation as signal molecules. Under the ANE stimulation, the concentrations of NO, H2O2 and JA all increased significantly, but presented different change profiles and peaked at different times. Based on series experiments of NO quenching by C-PTIO, H2O2 blocking by DMTU, and JA synthesis inhibition by IBU and NDGA, together with exogenous NO, H2O2 and JA addition experiments, it was deduced that ANE improved triterpenoids synthesis in the suspension cultured C. paliurus cells via a complex signal transduction network, in which three deduced and three hypothetical signal transduction pathways might be involved. JA was not only the junction of NO and H2O2 signal pathways, but also the critical point in the whole signal network. RNA-seq analysis showed that a total of 3 candidate JA synthesis pathway genes including 1 LOX and 2 OPR were found to be significantly up-regulated under the ANE stimulation, along with 5 down-regulated JAZs and 1 up-regulated JAR1 regulating to JA signal transduction.Conclusions: ANE can significantly increase the triterpenoids synthesis in the suspension cultured C. paliurus cells. RNA-seq analysis validated the pivotal role of JA in this ANE elicitation. Our results provided references for the further studies on triterpenoids synthesis in C. paliurus under ANE treatment.
Molecular modeling of sigma 1 and sigma 2 receptor ligands: pharmacophore development and comparison using discotech and bioactivity prediction comparison of ab initio and density functional comfa studies for spiro and other receptor ligands

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Interrater reliability of the Italian version of questionnaire for classification Injuries of specialized young athletes: the CIGAS tool

Background: The aim of this study was to study the reliability of an Italian version of the Pasulka’s questionnaire for the Classification Injuries of Specialized Young Athletes: “Classificazione degli Infortuni per Giovani Atleti Specializzati, CIGAS”. Methods: Two researchers independently translated the English version into Italian. The approved version was administered twice, with an interval of one week between each administration. Interreader agreement was assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient, using kappa (κ) statistic. Results: 29 athletes were participated at the study. 18 have completed twice the questionnaire. Five out ten items resulted perfectly agree or substantial agreement. The items descriptive or more punctual resulted with a perfect agreement, such as definition of acute injury description of the location, the participation to contests. Conclusion: The online administration shown a satisfy response rate (70%) and an usability of the tool.
Analysis of Missing Data in Marine Dissolved Oxygen Time Series Using Dynamic Linear Models

The marine ecosystems cannot survive without dissolved oxygen (DO). Low oxygen events (hypoxia) in the ocean cause stress on the benthic community and, hampers their growth rate initiating mortality. To monitor the concentration of oxygen, different water quality monitoring sites have been established across the globe. The Narragansett Bay fixed-site water quality monitoring network (NBFWQMN) is a facility that regularly measures oxygen level as well as other important water parameters (temperature, salinity, pH level, and Chlorophyll) at different locations of Narragansett Bay (NB). Missing observation is a common phenomenon for this timesseries dataset and, can occur for various reasons. In this study, we analyzed time-series data of dissolved oxygen (DO) after taking into account the missing data. Variability of DO across any water-body depends on diffusion from the atmosphere, respiration of organic matter in the water column and in the sediment and advection of saltwater. The oxygen concentration in water also depends on instantaneous temperature, salinity, and freshwater inputs from nearby rivers. In this study, we used time-series data of temperature, salinity, and river discharge as covariates for DO time-series. In addition to the response variable, some of the covariates also have missing data. In this thesis, we applied dynamic linear model to handle the time-series data with ignorable missing response and covariates.
Immunological and clinical immunotherapy implications of NLRP3 mutations in melanoma

Recent studies have demonstrated the role of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in promoting melanoma progression. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) treatment dramatically extended the survival outcomes for advanced melanoma patients. Nevertheless, immunologic and immunotherapy implications of NLRP3 mutations in melanoma were obscure. Herein, we utilized publicly genomic data of 750 melanoma patients to explore the association of NLRP3 mutations with immunologic and genomic features. In addition, we curated 336 advanced/metastatic melanoma patients treated with ICI agents from 6 published studies to analyze the response rate and survival outcome in relation to NLRP3 mutations. We observed that patients with NLRP3 mutations had a significantly higher tumor mutation burden (P < 0.001) and neoantigen burden (P < 0.001). Moreover, significantly lower tumor heterogeneity (P = 0.048) and purity (P = 0.022) were also observed in this mutated subgroup. Elevated infiltration of immune-response cells, decreased enrichment of immune-suppressive cells, and immune response-related circuits were markedly enriched in patients with NLRP3 mutations. In the pooled ICI-treated cohort, NLRP3 mutations were linked with the higher response rate (P = 0.031) and preferable survival outcome (P = 0.006). NLRP3 mutations were identified to associate with the elevated mutational burden, favorable immune infiltration, and preferable ICI efficacy. Findings derived from our study suggest that NLRP3 mutations may serve as a potential biomarker for evaluating melanoma immunotherapy response.
Radar Interferometric Phase Errors Induced by Faraday Rotation

Ionospheric Faraday rotation distorts satellite radar observations of the Earth’s surface. While its impact on radiometric observables is well understood, the errors in repeat-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations and hence in deformation analysis are largely unknown. Because Faraday rotation cannot rigorously be compensated for in nonquad-pol systems, it is imperative to determine the magnitude and nature of the deformation errors. Focusing on distributed targets at L-band, we assess the errors for a range of land covers using airborne observations with simulated Faraday rotation. We find that the deformation error may reach 2 mm in the copol channels over a solar cycle. It can exceed 5 mm for intense solar maxima. The cross-pol channel is more susceptible to severe errors. We identify the leakage of polarimetric phase contributions into the interferometric phase as a dominant error source. The polarimetric scattering characteristics induce a systematic dependence of the Faraday-induced deformation errors on land cover and topography. Also, their temporal characteristics, with pronounced seasonal and quasi-decadal variability, predispose these systematic errors to be misinterpreted as deformation. While the relatively small magnitude of 1–2 mm is of limited concern in many applications, the persistence on semiannual to multiannual time scales compels attention when long-term deformation is to be estimated with millimetric accuracy. Phase errors induced by uncompensated Faraday rotation constitute a nonnegligible source of bias in interferometric deformation measurements.
Research on Active Compounds of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction for the Treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

Background Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJDD) is a traditional Chinese prescription for the treatment of influenza, inflammation and other ailments related to heat-syndrome, a typical pathological symptom in Traditional Chinese Medicine. It was recommended as one of the basic prescriptions among the Proposed Diagnoses and Treatment issued by China’s National Health Commission. In this work we investigated the molecular mechanism of action of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in the treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) through network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. Methods The chemical constituents and action targets of Coptis chinensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, Phellodendron amurense, Gardenia jasminoides in HLJDD were retrieved on Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The database of UniProt and GeneCards were used to query the target genes that corresponding to the active compounds, and then a compound-target network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7. 2. GO database was used to annotate GO functions. Reactome was used to analyze KEGG enrichment pathway, predicting the possible mechanisms of active compounds. DAVID database was used to analysis the tissue enrichment. The main active ingredient is molecularly docked with the SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Results We screened 84 compounds and obtained 341 corresponding target genes in the network. Gene annotation showed that the targets were involved mainly in 457 biological functions. 306 signaling pathways was enriched, involving chemokine and cytokine signaling pathways that mediate inflammation, interferon-γ signaling pathway, p53 pathway. And the targets mainly distributed in the lung liver and placenta, involving a variety of immune cells, such as T cells, B cells. The molecular docking results showed that core compounds such as beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol and quercetin had high affinity with SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, which was comparable with drugs like abidol used to COVID-19 treatment by. Conclusions The active compounds in HLJDD may have a therapeutic effect on COVID-19 through regulating multiple signal pathways by targeting genes such as VEGF, NOS2, IL6, MMP9, IL10, and TGFB1.
Process for the preparation of atorvastatin calcium in amorphous form

Process for the preparation of atorvastatin calcium in Amoria stabilized form, the method comprising: a) dissolving pure crystalline atorvastatin calcium and an antioxidant in a solvent; wherein the pure crystalline atorvastatin calcium is prepared by a process comprising dissolving crude atorvastatin calcium in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and methanol and precipitating with water to obtain pure atorvastatin calcium in crystalline form; b) adding the solution of atorvastatin calcium and antioxidant to an anti-solvent, and c) separating precipitated atorvastatin calcium Amoria the resulting suspension to obtain atorvastatin calcium in Amoria stabilized form.
Minireview: Recent Advances in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Nucleic Acid Detection with Application to Pathogen Diagnosis

ABSTRACT Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a promising analytical tool in nanoscale detection because of its high sensitivity and selectivity. This review focuses on recent advances in SERS-based detection of DNA and RNA. First, nanostructure-based SERS-active substrates are introduced. Using label-free and labeled SERS, target biomolecules such DNA, RNA and microRNA have been successfully detected. Finally, applications in pathogen diagnosis are discussed. The prospects and challenges of SERS-based bioanalysis are highlighted.
Antibacterial activity of Carthamus tinctorius L. against bacterial isolates

Increase resistance and adverse effects of antibiotics in current clinical practice prompted the present study. The antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Carthamus tinctorius was evaluated by disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. Highest activity of the plant extract was demonstrated against Tetrads followed by Klebsiella sp, where S. aureus, B. pumilus and E. coli showed similar level of sensitivity in highest dilution (1:164), however no sensitivity was observed in lower dilutions. The single strain that showed sensitivity in neat was Staphylococcus sp. 3. In agar well diffusion method, Tetrads showed highest sensitivity followed by Staphylococcus sp. 3 and E. coli. The end points were 1:400, 1:10 and 1:1 respectively. Klebsiella sp. also showed sensitivity in 1:1 dilution. No activity was demonstrated against B. pumilus, S. aureus, S. agalactiae, Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. 2. Initial results indicate that ethanol extracts of Carthamus tinctorius showed positive antibacterial activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacterial strains by both the methods. This gives indication of prospective use of medicinal plant as chemotherapeutic agents particularly in countries like Pakistan rich in medicinal plants. Citation: Qazi M. , Khan R.A. , Kazi Y.F. , Kumar P., Rizwani G.H. , 2013. Antibacterial activity of Carthamus tinctorius L. against bacterial isolates. Journal of Antimicrobials. Photon 128, 172-176.
The Importance of Patient Engagement to Quality of Breast Cancer Care and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study among Rural and Urban Latina Breast Cancer Survivors

Background: Compared to their white counterparts, Latina breast cancer survivors experience poorer quality of care and worse health-related quality of life. Limited English proficiency (LEP) and patient engagement in cancer care could help explain these disparities. We assessed associations of LEP status and difficulty engaging with physicians with self-reported quality of breast cancer care and health-related quality of life among rural and urban Latina breast cancer survivors. Methods: Analyses used cross-sectional baseline survey data from two studies that tested a stress management program among rural and urban Latina breast cancer survivors in California. Medical information was collected through medical records review. Linear regression models examined bivariate and multivariate associations of LEP status (yes or no), difficulty engaging with doctors (asking questions and participating in treatment decisions) (1-4; higher score=greater difficulty), and rural versus urban site, on quality of breast cancer care and information and on physical and emotional well-being (health-related quality of life), controlling for demographic and medical factors. Results: The total sample included 304 women (151 from urban and 153 from rural sites). Mean age was 52.7 years (SD 10.9). Most were limited English proficient (84.5%) and had less than a high school education (67.8%). Difficulty engaging with doctors was inversely associated with patient ratings of quality of breast cancer care and information (B = - 0.190, p=0.014), emotional well-being (B = -1.866, p <0.0001), and physical well-being (B = -1.272, p = 0.002), controlling for demographic and treatment factors. Having LEP (vs. not; B = 1.987, p = 0.040) was independently associated with physical well-being only. Rural/urban status was not related independently to any outcome.Conclusions: Rural and urban Latina breast cancer survivors who report greater difficulty engaging with physicians experienced worse quality of breast cancer care and health-related quality of life. Promoting greater engagement of Latina breast cancer survivors in cancer care and providing medical interpreters when needed could improve patient outcomes among this vulnerable group.
Oxidation stability of lubricating base oils

ABSTRACT The oxidative stability of three base lubricating oils of different grades light, medium and heavy oils (B1, B2 and B3, respectively) was studied at oxidative times 50, 100 and 150 hours. The quality of base oils under investigation were evaluated on the basis of total acid number, vaporization loss, kinematic viscosity and quantity of sludge formed. Also, the chemical composition of the studied lubricating oils was achieved via capillary gas chromatography. The comparative study of the oxidative performance of the base oils showed that the higher degrees of heavy oil than light one. The increase in the oxidation time led to increases of the evaporation loss and lubricant viscosity. Analysis of a lubricant's oxidation stability therefore contributes to a better understanding of its effectiveness under normal operating conditions and its suitability for formulating automotive lubricants. The aim of this work is the study the Potential life of lubricant oils inside engine motor at different oxidative times in view of their oxidation stability.
Comparing Adolescents' Levels of Motivation and Sports Participation Concerning Gender and Place of Residence

Author Address 1. PhD Student of Physical Education-Motor Development, Faculty of Humanities, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; 2. Professor of Psychophysiology of Voluntary Human Movement, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran; 3. Assistant Professor of Motor Learning and Control Department, Sport Science Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding author’s email: mohammadvaezmousavi@gmail.com
Early effects of the Covid-19 on the Tourism industry: Evidence from the three major cruise companies

: The Covid-19 pandemic has shifted investors’ preferences away from the cruise companies’ stocks as the lockdown measures totally suspended the services of these companies. In this paper, we examine three of the biggest companies’ stocks, namely the Carnival Corporation (CCL), the Royal Caribbean (RCL) and the Norwegian Cruise Line (NCLH) during the Covid-19 spread and the lockdown measures. Using relevant time series specifications, we establish a hypothesis regarding the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on these three stocks. Based on our findings, the three stocks were affected by the Covid-19 spread and more precisely, the Covid-19 spread provides useful information for the predicting and forecasting of these stocks. Our findings are robust, since the out-of-sample forecasting accuracy of the alternative model employed, that explicitly incorporate the pandemic induced by the SARS-COV-2 virus, is superior to the baseline model.
Correlation between Molecular Structure and Interfacial Properties of Edge or Basal Plane Modified Graphene Oxide

Although graphene oxide (GO) has been reported to be able to be edge functionalized or basal-plane functionalized separately, no research has been done on comparing both the molecular structure and interfacial properties of them. In this study, an alkyl amine was grafted to the epoxy group on the basal planes of GO (b-GO) and carboxyl group at the edges of GO (e-GO) separately by using different synthetic approach. With the combination of various molecular structure and morphology characterization methodologies, we proved that the reaction site for e-GO was only with the carboxyl group at the edge of GO and that for b-GO was epoxy group on the basal plane of GO, indicating that GO could be controllably functionalized (fGOs), and the structure of fGOs could be tuned. Study of the interfacial behavior of fGOs at liquid–liquid interface showed that the interfacial tension reducing capability of e-GO was broader than that of b-GO, and for alkyl oil phase, b-GO was slightly better than e-GO, and both were bett.
The Association Between Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Microglial Polarization in Spinal Cord Injury: Nicotine as an Alternative Therapy for Neuroinflammation

Background: Nicotine is an agonist of alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). The association between the expression of α7 nAChR and neuroinflammation has been extensively reported. Herein, we assessed the efficacy of Nicotine in the management of spinal cord injury (SCI) complications and mediating mechanisms.Methods: In this study, 64 male rats were randomly allocated to 7 SCI and a sham-operated groups. SCI was induced through an aneurysmal clip at the T9/T10 level. The group list consists of a non-treated group as the control, four Nicotine-treated groups receiving 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 3 mg/kg of the drug, a Methyllycaconitine (MLA, 1.5 mg/kg)-treated group, a group of rodents receiving MLA plus the most effective dosage of Nicotine, and a sham one. Locomotion and mechanical allodynia were assessed during 28 days using the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) and von Frey methods, respectively. In the end, spinal cord samples were taken to assess cavity formation, the expression levels of M1 and M2 macrophages, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, as well as α7 nAChR and NF-κB gene levels.Results: Repeated measures analysis revealed significant effect of time-treatment interaction on locomotion [F (42, 336) = 120.2, p < 0.001] and mechanical sensitivity [F (35, 280) = 45.47, p < 0.001]. Behavioral response to Nicotine was dose-dependent, and 1 mg/kg of this reagent was the most efficient dosage. H&E staining represented lesser histopathological disruptions in Nicotine-treated animals. SCI increased the M1/M2 ratio (p < 0.001) via shifting macrophages polarization towards M1 subset and 1 mg/kg of Nicotine could attenuate this ratio (p < 0.001) through reversing the shift. Meanwhile, Nicotine administration resulted in a significant elevation of α7 nAChR and a reduction of NF-κB genes. Finally, in the Nicotine group, there were declines in the levels pro-inflammatory biomarkers, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, while IL-10 was found higher than the control group (p values < 0.05). MLA-treated groups showed almost none of the aforementioned alterations. Conclusion: Single-dose therapy with Nicotine could improve locomotor and sensory complications of SCI. Nicotine possible mechanism of action is through increasing the α7 nAChR level, which alleviates neuro-inflammation by changing microglial phenotyping.
Overview of Blotting

Blotting techniques are among the most common approaches used in a molecular biology laboratory. These techniques, Southern, northern, and immunoblotting, are applicable to a variety of macromolecules including DNA, RNA, and protein, respectively. Each of the techniques are dependent on the ability to resolve the individual macromolecules in a size‐dependant manner, transfer the molecules to a solid support, and finally use a defined probe to detect the specific molecule of interest. The utilization of the blotting technology over the last 30 years has been instrumental to the elucidation of many fundamental biological processes. The continued use of blotting technology holds promise for even greater discovery over the next 30 years. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.