Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Implementation of PacketProcessing Algorithms on Network Processors

Network Processor Units (NPUs) are a compromise between software-based and hardwired packet processing solutions. While slower than hardwired solutions, NPUs have the flexibility of software-based solutions, allowing them to adapt faster to changes in network protocols. Network processors have multiple processing engines so that multiple packets can be processed simultaneously within the NPU. In addition, each of these processing engines is multi-threaded, with special hardware support built in to alleviate some of the cost of concurrency. This hardware design allows the NPU to handle multiple packets concurrently, so that while one thread is waiting for a memory access to complete, another thread can be processing a different packet. By handling several packets simultaneously, an NPU can achieve similar processing power as traditional packet processing hardware, but with greater flexibility. The flexibility of network processors is also one of the disadvantages associated with them. Programming a network processor requires an in-depth understanding of the hardware as well as a solid foundation in concurrent design and programming. This thesis explores the challenges of programming a network processor, the Intel IXP2400, using a single-threaded packet scheduling algorithm, SI-WF2Q, as a sample case. SI-WF2Q is a GPS approximation scheduler with constant time execution. The thesis examines the process of implementing the algorithm in a multi-threaded environment, and discusses the scalability and load-balancing aspects of such an algorithm. In addition, optimizations are made to the scheduler implementation to improve the potential concurrency. The synchronization primitives available on the network processor are also examined, as they play a significant part in minimizing the overhead required to synchronize memory accesses by the algorithm.
High-precision color transformation system

Low priced consumer video devices have become increasingly common. Furthermore, with the promotion of digital and multimedia devices, the pictures obtained from such devices are not only subjected to printing, display and editing, but also are transmitted through network systems. However, the transmission of color information involves the problem of color developments which are different in type, calling for the study of the transmission of color information in the standard color space, independent of the device. By means of the conventional system, which jointly uses a low-capacity 3-dimensional LUT (look up table) and linear interpolation, it is not possible to improve the transformation precision unless the capacity of the 3-dimensional LUT is increased. Therefore the present study investigates upgrading the transformation precision such as by expanding the transformation region, correcting the color displacement, using a 3-dimensional LUT with the output values arranged at equal intervals of space, and improving the dark section. This has led to the circuit size slightly increasing due to the added 3-dimensional LUT and the need for dividers; excellent color transformation is assured. The color difference between the original image and the reproduced image after repeating the transformation ten times can be reduced to 30% of the conventional system, providing excellent results in terms of the subjective estimation of gradation continuity, color displacement, etc. >
Automatic Paraphrase Acquisition Based on Matching of Definition Sentences in Plural Dictionaries

近年, 言い換え表現の自動獲得の研究が重要視されつつある. 本稿では, 複数の辞書を用意して, それらにおける同じ項目の定義文を照合することにより, 言い換え表現の一種である同義表現を抽出することを試みた. また, 同義表現を抽出するための新しい尺度を提案し, その尺度で抽出データをソートした結果の精度は, 一般によく行なわれる頻度だけでソートする方法による結果よりも高いことを確認した. この尺度は, 他の同義表現の抽出の研究にも利用できる有用なものである. 提案手法では, 同義表現のみを正解とするとき, 上位500個で0. 748, ランダムに抽出した500個で0. 220の抽出精度であった. また, 誤りの多くのものは包含関係や類義関係にある表現であり, それらも正解と判断する場合は, 上位500個で0. 954, ランダムに抽出した500個で0. 722の抽出精度であった.
Modified Pseudoinverse Redistribution Methods for Redundant Controls Allocation

Introduction I N recent years, control allocation problems have been intensively studied following the work of Durham.1−3 There are several solution methods: direct control allocation,1−3 daisy chaining,4 a linearprogramming (LP) method,5−6 a quadratic-programming (QP) method,7−11 and a pseudoinverse-redistribution (PIR) method.10−13 In this Note, a PIR method is discussed. A pseudoinverse has been used as a selector or a distributor.14 Shtessel et al. applied a pseudoinverse to the control allocation problem for a tailless aircraft.15 However, it is fixed, and it does not consider the control surfaces’ limits. Virnig and Bodden developed a PIR method for a short takeoff and vertical landing aircraft and then demonstrated the algorithm by means of a simulator.12 The PIR method repeats the process of calculating a pseudoinverse and a control vector by setting the saturated elements of a control vector to their limit values until a solution is obtained or there is no unsaturated element. Bordignon and Bessolo developed a modified method and applied it to the X-35 aircraft’s control allocation problem.16 Although the PIR method sets the saturated control elements to their limit values, the modified method selects only one saturated element and sets it to its limit value during the redistribution process. The purpose of this Note is to propose other modified methods and to compare them with the conventional PIR method and Bordignon and Bessolo’s method. A different selection of one saturated element results in a difference in performance. For this purpose, two different selections are proposed. The performance metrics of concern are the calculation times, the percentage of times that a method converges to an optimal solution, and the characteristics of the errors between the optimal solutions and the redistributed solutions. Numerical examples are presented for comparisons.
Combined concatenated coding and modulation schemes using a redundant signal alphabet

Combined concatenated coding and modulation schemes using redundant signal alphabets are presented. A 2/sup m+1/-point signal constellation is employed to transmit m information bits per symbol (as in Ungerboeck schemes). To avoid a loss in spectral efficiency, the available redundancy (1 b/symbol duration) is shared between an outer error-correcting code and an inner code combined with a multidimensional modulation. The analytical performance of the schemes presented is evaluated on an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Simulation results indicate that 8 dB of coding gain at a bit error rate of 10/sup -11/ can be obtained with simple concatenated codes having a spectral efficiency of 3 b/s/Hz, thus achieving a better performance/complexity tradeoff than Ungerboeck codes. <<ETX>>
Statistical Methods for Identifying Local Dialectal Terms from GPS-Tagged Documents

Corpora of documents whose metadata includes GPS coordinates have recently become widely available through online social media such as Twitter. This has created opportunities for statistical corpus methods that describe the geographical spread of words, but such techniques do not appear to be widely used in corpus linguistics and lexicography. This paper presents several methods for describing the spread of a set of points, corresponding to documents containing a given word and applies the methods to a corpus of GPS-tagged tweets from Twitter. In experiments on known regionalisms, we show that these methods could be used to help identify such expressions. We analyze the words in the corpus identified as having the most geographically restricted usage and identify some expressions that appear to be previously undocumented regionalisms with highly localized usage.
A Review of Sense Amplifiers for Static Random Access Memory

Abstract Sense amplifier (SA) is being viewed as one of the most critical circuits in the periphery of high-speed, low-power-embedded static random access memory (SRAMs). This paper provides a systematic overview of voltage-mode, charge-transfer, current-mode SAs, and calibration-based SAs for SRAM. Recent advances in developing SAs have paved the way for lower delay, lower energy, and higher reliability. For comparison, all SAs based on 65 nm CMOS technology are simulated under different power supplies, bit-line capacitances, and various process corners. When the bit-line capacitance is 50 fF, charge-transfer and current-mode SAs are about 40% faster than voltage-mode SAs, and the energy consumption of charge-transfer SA is 30% lower than that of other voltage-mode SAs. Delay and energy of HCI-trimming SA and multi-sized SA are about equal to that of voltage-mode SAs. Because of low bit-line precharged voltage, the energy of charge-limited sequential SA (CLSSA) is 64% lower than that of charge-transfer SA, while the delay of CLSSA is five times larger than the other SAs.
An on-chip clock-adjusting circuit with sub-100-ps resolution for a high-speed DRAM interface

A novel fully digital fine-delay circuit for a high-speed DRAM interface is proposed. The circuit consists of arrayed delay components and generates a group of rail-to-rail delayed signals with sub-100-ps resolution. The input-coupling element (squeezer) in the delay component converges the variations of the resolution. A test device design using 0.35-/spl mu/m technology demonstrates that a resolution of 26 ps can be achieved. A clock-recovery circuit using this circuit has a two-clock-cycle lock time and sub-100-ps error.
ESA Lunar Lander: Approach Phase Concept and G&C Performance

The ESA Lunar Lander mission is tasked with landing safely on the lunar surface near the lunar South Pole. The mission aims to demonstrate the capability of performing soft precision landings and autonomous hazard detection and avoidance (HDA) during the descent and landing phase. The final portion of the descent and landing phase is the approach phase, during which time the spacecraft is steered to the final landing site via the GNC, while providing a vehicle attitude for sensor observations of the landing site and surrounding terrain. An HDA subsystem is active during this phase and uses data from a camera and a Lidar to assess the safeness of the terrain around the landing site and select a safe landing site for GNC targeting. The GNC drives autonomously the vehicle to perform a soft landing at the landing site, performing trajectory diverts when new landing sites are selected by HDA. This paper describes the GNC concept and architecture for the approach phase of the descent and landing portion of the Lunar Lander mission, with emphasis on the details on the guidance and control (G&C) algorithms and the achieved G&C performances. The performance of the G&C subsystem is demonstrated through Monte Carlo simulation campaigns on a functional engineering simulator, with both the GNC and HDA algorithms active.
The Perceptual Arrow of Time and the Sensory Transduction Process

A perceptual arrow of time is demonstrated through the derivation of equations governing the acquisition of sensory information at the neural level. Only a small number of mathematical assumptions are required, with no knowledge of the detailed underlying neural mechanism. This work constitutes the first attempt at formalizing a biological basis for the physics of information acquisition, continuing from a series of earlier works detailing an entropy approach to sensory processing.
Decision making in the Rioja wine production sector

The global environment, where many companies compete for their survival, requires a continuous adaptation to changes in the market and to other environment variables. Food industry, agriculture i n particular, is a field, where the companies are esp ecially sensitive to modifications in regulations and marke t requirements. It is very convenient to provide the companies of this sector with a theoretical basis, as well as with practical tools for developing en efficient management that may guarantee not only their surviv al but also their success. In this area, decision supp ort systems based on the simulation of models, develope d by means of the paradigm of the Petri nets, can off er a significant help for improving the efficiency of th e farming companies, based on the proper decision making. In this paper, a methodology for decision making, supported by artificial intelligence (and dispatching rules), is applied to the farming field and an application case is analysed for better understandi ng of the advantages and drawbacks of this approach. In particular, a decision making methodology for improving the management of traditional companies i n the farming industry is applied to the wine sector in the region of La Rioja (Spain).
Processing of unperfected experimental data

A synthetic approach to processing the experimental data is discussed in this paper. The mathematical statistics, fuzzy mathematics and artificial neural network technique are synthesized together in order to process a kind of unperfected experimental data, and a mathematical model in the shape of fuzzy neural networks is built. This method then is used to process the experimental data obtained from a complicated chemical reaction. The actual results have proved that this approach is simple, practical and effective. The model obtained by the method mentioned above can be used in further simulation and optimization study of the reaction process.
An efficient stock market forecasting model using neural networks

Forecasting financial markets has attracted the interest of neural network researchers. It is a challenging problem, where obtaining a 0.5+/spl epsiv/ accuracy is an achievement. Researchers applied neural networks successfully to the problems of forecasting currencies, bonds, the futures markets, real estate, and the stock market. In this paper we develop a method for forecasting the stock market. We use novel aspects, in the sense that we base the forecast on fundamental company information, such as earnings per share, price earning ratio, dividends, sales, profit margin, etc. These indicators and ratios thereof, especially earnings related indicators, are the prime movers of a stock price. The preliminary results we obtain are very promising.
Using time series of SPOT VGT NDVI for crop yield forecasting

In this paper we developed an operational approach using time series Normal Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from SPOT VGT for crop yield forecasting in China during a five-year span (1988-2002). In order to increase the information content extracted from NDVI profiles, we compose our NDVI profile only in arable area. Thanks to extract the characteristics of the vegetation dynamics, the harmonic analysis of time series algorithm is performed on the NDVI data. We extract our analytical indicators from the time series NDVI profiles, and then remove the trend from the yield series using a linear upward trend function. The difference between the year and last year of residuals and corresponding NDVI indicators were related analysis, we get our predicting indicators by selecting those parameters that had the highest correlation coefficient. At last, we build our yield estimation model based on linear regression analysis between the indicators and residuals just mentioned. These are combined with trend yield, last year residuals yield and satellite based estimation to forecast yields. This year, we used our model in forecasting winter wheat production in China. The resulting productivity could be consistent with other existing data. Our results were well received by the local authorities.
Gallium arsenide MESFET memory architectures

Gallium arsenide (GaAs) technology, because of its high speed, offers an alternative to silicon (Si). For the particular case of digital memories, speed has great importance taking into account that the success of a high-performance microprocessor depends greatly on how fast data are obtained and sent to memory. However, GaAs presents some problems when implementing memories, mainly due to its leaky characteristics and the small output logic swing compared to that produced in MOS devices. In this paper, novel architectures are proposed in order to overcome these problems. As a result, different designs have been implemented for 2- and 5-kbit ROMs, and for a 14-kbit DRAM.
IDENTIFICATION OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS BY IN SILICO METHODS

Identification of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is one of the important goals of environmental chemical hazard screening. It is exhaustive and time consuming to test in vitro all chemicals – potential EDCs – used in industry, agriculture or as food preservatives against their effects on the endocrine system. Computational methods, such as virtual screening, quantitative structure activity relationships and docking, are already well recognized and used in many strategic programs for identification of EDCs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive performances of model for identification of EDCs integrated in non-commercial software tool. The resulting statistics indicated that the binding affinities of the majority of chemicals included in the external validation dataset could be correctly predicted. However, a set of further improvements has been suggested in order to increase the predictive ability of the current profiling scheme for EDCs.
Adaptive interfaces: modeling tasks and users

The use of fuzzy logic is suggested as a powerful set of techniques for building user models. With this in mind, the author presents an introductory overview of several projects that are approaching user modeling from a fuzzy perspective. It is suggested that fuzzy user models and fuzzy users can provide the necessary adaptive mechanisms for intelligent human-computer interfaces. <<ETX>>
Relationships between Mild/Severe Knee Joint Pain and Fall Risk Assessment Items in Elderly Females

Aims: This study aimed to examine differences in corresponding rates of fall risk survey items among 3 groups of elderly females categorized on the basis of knee pain. Methodology: Total of 392 subjects completed the fall risk survey, which comprised 50 items representing 5 risk factors: “symptoms of falling,” “disease and physical symptoms,” “environment,” “behavior and character” and “physical function. ” Results: The corresponding rates for items related to physical function factor tended to be significantly higher in the severe knee pain group than in the no and mild knee pain groups. However, the corresponding rates for items related to frequency of motion in the behavioral and character factors category were significantly higher in the no and mild knee pain groups than in the severe knee pain group. The corresponding rates of items related to environmental factors and behavioral and character factors tended to be higher in the severe knee pain group. Conclusion: The severe knee pain group exhibited higher corresponding rates in several fall risk items compared with the other 2 groups. The fall risk items related to frequency of motion in the behavioral and character factors category showed a tendency to be low in the groups with no or mild pain.
Automatic Learning Object Categorization For Instruction Using An Enhanced Linear Text Classifier

AbstractThis paper explores the use of a machine learning algorithm to automate the task of classifying learning materials into categories useful for instruction. A collection of documents was segmented manually into independent learning objects. A regularized linear text classifier was trained to recognize four topic categories and eleven instructional use categories using manual category labels as training data. The classifier was able to categorize text-based learning objects into topic categories with high accuracy, but initial performance for instructional use classification was poor. An enhanced classifier was able to distinguish between conceptual and procedural categories of instructional use with high accuracy.
Visualizing ASML TWINSCAN event log history

ASML’s wafer scanners play a crucial part in the process of making computer chips. They pattern an optical mask of hundreds of chips onto a silicon disc, a so-called wafer. There is no one that knows everything there is to know about a wafer scanner. As such they are black boxes to their engineers. When such a machine fails, there are a number of tools that either analyze the fault automatically or allow an engineer to do it manually. So there is no lack in support for diagnosis. While dealing with the problem, it is desirable to get a bigger picture of the machine. This would show what happened prior to the fault. Despite this, ASML lacks a tool that allows them to quickly get an idea what a wafer scanner has done over a longer period of time. This thesis describes an interactive visualization of TWINSCAN event logs. An interactive prototype was designed and built that allows a user to quickly see what a wafer scanner has been doing using familiar concepts. When desired, details of specific periods in time are displayed.
The CSCW forum

The author examines the computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) enterprise from historical, demographic, geographic, and linguistic perspectives. He also extends some earlier analyses of activity and technology content. The guiding analogy is that CSCW, rather than an existing or emerging field or discipline, is more profitably regarded as a forum, where researchers and developers with diverse backgrounds can mingle and shop before returning to their scattered homes. Several different perspectives are carefully identified. It is pointed out that by avoiding assumptions of widely overlapped interests, shared priorities, and even a common language, by focusing on differences and the patterns among them, one can avoid frustration and better understand what can be learned from other participants. <<ETX>>
Representative Information Retrieval Algorithm Based on PageRank Algorithm and MapReduce Model

Representative information retrieval is widely used in public opinion management, mobile commerce and knowledge management. In the era of big data, the value of representative information extraction is particularly prominent. In order to further explore the application value of representative information extraction, this paper proposes a representative information retrieval method based on PageRank algorithm and MapReduce model (PM-Rep), research on effect of the representative coefficient λ to the extraction scale and the coverage and redundancy of the results, comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the similar methods. In the parameter experiment, as the λ increases, the scale of the extraction results increases, the coverage degree and the redundancy degree also increases. In the effect experiment, PM-Rep’s coverage is significantly better than Top-k, Heuristic and Random, and the redundancy of PM-Rep is the least. In the efficiency experiment, PM-Rep takes the least time in the four methods, embodies the advantages of PM-Rep method for massive data.