Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of Characteristics of Vortex Beam Produced by Fabricated Spiral Phase Plates

We have recently shown that spiral phase plates (SPPs) with continuous surface can be fabricated with one time exposing process only [35]. Four categories of SPPs with different topological charges at wavelength of 532 nm were prepared, and the corresponding vortex beams were obtained. In this paper, in order to verify the optical effects' quality of the SPPs, the optical characteristics, including the diffractive and interferential characteristics, were systematically analyzed in the Fresnel diffraction region. In addition, the optical characteristics have been used to describe the surface profile of the SPPs. The results show that the SPPs have good surface quality and excellent optical effects. Compared with the other generation methods for vortex beam, this method is particularly suitable for obtaining a vortex beam with high efficiency and continuous phase and is extremely promoting R&D of the corresponding applications.
Application of Advanced Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on SA in Multi-tiers Hydropower Stations Optimization

Optimal operation of multi-tiers hydropower stations is a kind of nonlinear optimization problem. An advanced PSO algorithm based on simulated annealing is put forward to promote the solution accuracy and to avoid falling into local optimal solutions in the procedure of particle swarm evolution. A temperature control function is designed to adjust the particles’ cooling temperature and then a certain special probability condition under which bad solutions are accepted is given. With the evolution of particle group the temperature and the probability are decreasing gradually and eventually tend to be 0, so that the local extreme values are avoided and the global extreme value is obtained. This parallel PSO algorithm is applied as a practical method to optimal operation of multi-tiers hydropower stations to overcome the “disasters of dimensions”. The mathematic model is set up and the steps of calculation are presented. Example shows that the modified method with fast speed and high reliability is efficient and feasible in this field.
The Morphologies of Massive Galaxies at 1<z<3 in the CANDELS-UDS Field: Compact Bulges, and the Rise and Fall of Massive Disks

Abstract We have used high-resolution, HST WFC3/IR, near-infrared imaging to conduct a detailed bulge-disk decomposition of the morphologies of ≃ 200 of the most massive (M* > 1011 M⊙) galaxies at 1 < z < 3 in the CANDELS-UDS field. We find that, while such massive galaxies at low redshift are generally bulge-dominated, at redshifts 1 2 they are mostly disk-dominated. Interestingly, we find that while most of the quiescent galaxies are bulge-dominated, a significant fraction (25–40%) of the most quiescent galaxies, have disk-dominated morphologies. Thus, our results suggest that the physical mechanisms which quench star-formation activity are not simply connected to those responsible for the morphological transformation of massive galaxies.
The sequence of hemC, hemD and two additional E. coli genes.

Conflicting nuclootide sequences for the E. coli genes hemC (which codes for porphobilinogen deaminase EC 43.1.8) and henD (which codes for uroporphyrinogen m cosynthetase EC 4.2.1.75) have been published (1-4). We present her a 4260 bp sequence which occurs in the 85 minute of the chromosome and includes the sequence of these genes plus two more genes denoted X and Y. Polypeptides which could corrpond to the products of these genes have been detected (5). It has been proposed that hemC, hemD and X are all part of the Uro operon (2). The sequence stats from the Bamn HI site preceding the hemC gene in the insert of the plasmid pLC41-4, from the collection of Clarke and Carbon (6). Discrepencies with the previously published sequences (rferences 1-4) ae marked above the sequence (1), (2), (3). and (4)respectively. The start of a gene is overlined, the end is undcrlined.
Double-Antigen Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Hepatitis E Virus-Specific Antibodies in Human or Swine Sera

ABSTRACT A new double-antigen sandwich-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of total antibodies (immunoglobulin G [IgG] and IgM) specific for hepatitis E virus (HEV) was developed by utilizing well-characterized recombinant protein ET2.1 and its peroxidase-labeled counterpart. Our study showed that the ELISA detected all the positive patient samples (n = 265) regardless of whether they contained IgM or IgG antibodies, or both, while it maintained an excellent specificity of 98.8% with samples from various patient or healthy control groups (total number of samples, 424). The test had a detection limit for anti-HEV IgG antibodies that was equivalent to 62 mIU/ml of the international reference. Compared with the serological status of the specimens determined on the basis of tests performed at the individual collection sites, the testing outcome generated by the new ELISA had a good agreement of 99.3%, with a kappa value of 0.985. The positive predictive value and the negative predictive value for the new test reached 98.1% and 100%, respectively. This ELISA had a positive delta value of 4.836 and a negative delta value of 3.314 (where delta is a measure of the number of standard deviations by which the cutoff is separated from the mean of the sample groups) (N. Crofts, W. Maskill, and I. D. Gust, J. Virol. Methods 22:51-59, 1988), indicating that it had an excellent ability to differentiate the infected and noninfected cohorts. Furthermore, the new design enables the detection of antibodies not only in human samples but also in pig samples. Our preliminary data showed that the ELISA could detect seroconversion in samples from pigs at as early as 14 days postinoculation. The potential utility of detecting specific antibodies in pigs will be an added advantage for managing the disease, with suggested zoonotic implications.
Structure and bonding of superconducting LaC2

We have synthesized polycrystalline samples of superconducting LaC2 and investigated them by x-ray and neutron powder diffraction, magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements. Depending on the preparation conditions we find superconductivity below ∼1.8 K. A comparison of the superconducting anomaly in the heat capacity with theoretical predictions indicates LaC2 to be a weak-coupling BCS-type superconductor. Evidence for a structural phase transition has not been found from the neutron powder diffraction experiments carried out down to 4 K. A negative thermal expansion of the c lattice parameter was observed below ∼50 K. The electronic structure of LaC2 has been calculated ab initio and it is compared with that of YC2. The carbon–carbon distance of LaC2 has been determined from the neutron powder diffraction experiments and it is compared and discussed with respect to those observed in other superconducting binary and ternary La and Y carbides and carbide halides.
Detached Glow Above a Titanium Hollow Cathode Sputter Source

A simple argon hollow cathode (HC) was investigated as a plasma source and a sputtering source for titanium. The HC consists of a Ti cylinder. There are two different modes of operation: a low-current discharge with the typical pink bluish argon glow and the high-current HC discharge mode. In the latter case, an intensive glow was observed at the upper end of the Ti cathode. Under certain conditions, this glow was observed to float freely between cathode and anode ring.
Electrophysiological, haemodynamic, and mitochondrial alterations induced by levobupivacaine during myocardial ischemia in a pig model: protection by lipid emulsions?

Accidental intravascular or high‐dose injection of local anesthetics (LA) can result in serious, potentially life‐threatening complications. Indeed, adequate supportive measures and the administration of lipid emulsions are required in such complications. The study's objectives were threefold: (i) evaluate the myocardial toxicity of levobupivacaine when administered intravenously; (ii) investigate levobupivacaine toxicity on cardiomyocytes mitochondrial functions and cellular structure; (iii) assess the protective effects of a lipid emulsion in the presence or absence of myocardial ischemia. Domestic pigs randomized into two groups of 24 animals each, with either preserved coronary circulation or experimental myocardial ischemia. Six animals from each group received either: (i) single IV injection of saline, (ii) lipid emulsion (Intralipid®), (iii) levobupivacaine, (iv) combination levobupivacaine‐Intralipid®. Serially measured endpoints included: heart rate, duration of the monophasic action potentials (dMAP), mean arterial pressure, and peak of the time derivative of left ventricular pressure (LV dP/dtmax). In addition, the following cardiomyocytes mitochondrial functions were measured: reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative phosphorylation, and calcium retention capacity (CRC) as well as the consequences of ROS production on lipids, proteins, and DNA. IV injection of levobupivacaine induced sinus bradycardia and reduced dMAP and LV dP/dtmax. At the mitochondrial level, oxygen consumption and CRC were decreased. In contrast, ROS production was increased leading to enhanced lipid peroxidation and structural alterations of proteins and DNA. Myocardial ischemia was associated with global worsening of all changes. Intralipid® quickly improved haemodynamics. However, beneficial effects of Intralipid® were less clear after myocardial ischemia.
Family cognitive behavioral therapy for child anxiety disorders.

OBJECTIVE This study compared family-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT; the Building Confidence Program) with traditional child-focused CBT with minimal family involvement for children with anxiety disorders. METHOD Forty clinically anxious youth (6-13 years old) were randomly assigned to a family- or child-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Conditions were matched for therapist contact time. Both interventions included coping skills training and in vivo exposure, but the family CBT intervention also included parent communication training. Independent evaluator, parent, and child report measures with demonstrated validity and reliability were used to assess child anxiety symptom outcomes at pre- and posttreatment. The data analytic strategy involved an evaluable patient analysis. RESULTS Compared with child-focused CBT, family CBT was associated with greater improvement on independent evaluators' ratings and parent reports of child anxiety--but not children's self-reports--at posttreatment. CONCLUSIONS Both treatment groups showed improvement on all outcome measures, but family CBT may provide additional benefit over and above child-focused CBT. These findings provide preliminary support for the efficacy of the "Building Confidence" program and encourage further research in parental participation in treatment for childhood anxiety.
Machine learning for very early Alzheimer's Disease diagnosis; a 18F-FDG and PiB PET comparison

This paper shows a machine learning approach based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to compare the diagnostic accuracy on very early Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients with 18F FDG and Pittsburg Compound B (PiB) PET imaging. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset is used for testing, making use of the longitudinal character. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) individuals that after a two years follow up converted into possible AD where used as very early AD patients. While 18F FDG and PiB have similar diagnostic accuracy in AD, PiB is shown to have higher discriminative power in very early AD with respect to FDG.
Hizkeren arteko aldakortasun sintaktikoa aztertzeko metodologiaren nondik norakoak : BASYQUE aplikazioa

Artikulu honetan BASYQUE aplikazioa sortzeko jarraitu den metodologia aurkezten da, metodologia horren inguruko hainbat gogoetarekin batera. Aplikazio hau Iparraldeko hizkeren baitako bariazio sintaktikoa biltzera mugatzen den arren, baliatzen diren metodologia eta bitartekoak erabilgarriak dira beste hizkera batzuen inguruan ere antzeko aplikazioak sortu eta bariazioaren inguruko azterbide berriak irekitzeko.
Problems with initial Glasgow Coma Scale assessment caused by prehospital treatment of patients with head injuries: results of a national survey.

The rapid treatment of patients with a severe head injury often includes prehospital intubation and sedation, but such measures compromise the ability to obtain an accurate Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score in the emergency department (ED). Major head injury centers in the United States were surveyed to determine how they currently obtain initial GCS scores when these or other complicating circumstances exist. A two-page questionnaire was distributed to seven members of the trauma team at 17 major neurotrauma centers in which they were asked who usually determines the initial GCS score, where they are assessed, and when. Respondents were also asked how they assign scores for patients who received medications or were intubated before arrival at their hospital and how they score patients who are hypotensive, hypoxic, or have severe periorbital swelling. Most centers assess the initial GCS scores in their ED within 1 hour after the discovery of the patient by prehospital personnel. Most neurosurgeons said that hypotension and hypoxia are stabilized before the initial GCS scores are assessed and that intubated patients receive a non-numerical designation. But the majority of non-neurosurgical ED personnel said that they determine the initial GCS scores immediately after arrival of the patients in their department, regardless of hypoxia or hypotension. There also were significant discrepancies between attending neurosurgeons and their residents with regard to who actually assesses the GCS scores and how the scores are determined for patients who have received neuromuscular paralysis or sedation or who have severe periorbital swelling. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Stage‐dependent redistributions of acetylated histones in nuclei of the early preimplantation mouse embryo

In the preimplantation mouse embryo, activation of the embryonic genome is accompanied by a transient enrichment of histone H4 acetylated at lysines 5, 8, and 12 at the nuclear periphery (Worrad et al., 1995: Development 121:2949–2959). In the present report, we use laser‐scanning confocal microscopy and a new panel of antibodies to define the distribution of specific acetylated isoforms of the other three core histones in mouse embryos at the 1‐ to 4‐cell stage. We find that histone H3 acetylated at lysine 9 and/or 18 (H3.Ac9/18) and the single acetylated form of H2A (H2A.Ac5) become transiently enriched at the nuclear periphery in the 2‐cell embryo. In contrast, H3.Ac14, H3.Ac23, and acetylated H2B, like H4.Ac16, remain distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. The staining intensity with antisera to H3.Ac9/18, even at the periphery was weak compared to that obtained with antisera to acetylated H4. A brief period of culture, however, in the presence of the inhibitor of histone deacetylases trichostatin A (TSA) or trapoxin increased labeling. Thus, the steady‐state level of H3.Ac9/18 at the nuclear periphery and H3.Ac14 and H3.Ac23 in the nuclear interior is relatively low, but turnover remains high. The localization of selected acetylated isoforms of H3 and H2A at the nuclear periphery was independent of ongoing transcription or of cytokinesis, but did require DNA replication. We propose a model in which the selective, replication‐dependent acetylation and deacetylation of zygotic chromatin at the nuclear periphery mediates the programming of zygotic transcription. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 47:421–429, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Credit Card Fraud Detection using Deep Learning based on Auto-Encoder and Restricted Boltzmann Machine

Frauds have no constant patterns. They always change their behavior; so, we need to use an unsupervised learning. Fraudsters learn about new technology that allows them to execute frauds through online transactions. Fraudsters assume the regular behavior of consumers, and fraud patterns change fast. So, fraud detection systems need to detect online transactions by using unsupervised learning, because some fraudsters commit frauds once through online mediums and then switch to other techniques. This paper aims to 1) focus on fraud cases that cannot be detected based on previous history or supervised learning, 2) create a model of deep Auto-encoder and restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) that can reconstruct normal transactions to find anomalies from normal patterns. The proposed deep learning based on auto-encoder (AE) is an unsupervised learning algorithm that applies backpropagation by setting the inputs equal to the outputs. The RBM has two layers, the input layer (visible) and hidden layer. In this research, we use the Tensorflow library from Google to implement AE, RBM, and H2O by using deep learning. The results show the mean squared error, root mean squared error, and area under curve.
Salt intake and dietary sources of salt on weekdays and weekend days in Australian adults

Abstract Objective To assess if there is a difference in salt intake (24 h urine collection and dietary recall) and dietary sources of salt (Na) on weekdays and weekend days. Design A cross-sectional study of adults who provided one 24 h urine collection and one telephone-administered 24 h dietary recall. Setting Community-dwelling adults living in the State of Victoria, Australia. Subjects Adults (n 598) who participated in a health survey (53·5 % women; mean age 57·1 (95 % CI 56·2, 58·1) years). Results Mean (95 % CI) salt intake (dietary recall) was 6·8 (6·6, 7·1) g/d and 24 h urinary salt excretion was 8·1 (7·8, 8·3) g/d. Mean dietary and 24 h urinary salt (age-adjusted) were 0·9 (0·1, 1·6) g/d (P=0·024) and 0·8 (0·3, 1·6) g/d (P=0·0017), respectively, higher at weekends compared with weekdays. There was an indication of a greater energy intake at weekends (+0·6 (0·02, 1·2) MJ/d, P=0·06), but no difference in Na density (weekday: 291 (279, 304) mg/MJ; weekend: 304 (281, 327) mg/MJ; P=0·360). Cereals/cereal products and dishes, meat, poultry, milk products and gravy/sauces accounted for 71 % of dietary Na. Conclusions Mean salt intake (24 h urine collection) was more than 60 % above the recommended level of 5 g salt/d and 8–14 % more salt was consumed at weekends than on weekdays. Substantial reductions in the Na content of staple foods, processed meat, sauces, mixed dishes (e.g. pasta), convenience and takeaway foods are required to achieve a significant consistent reduction in population salt intake throughout the week.
Tracheal Intubation without Muscle Relaxant—A Technique Using Sevoflurane Vital Capacity Induction and Alfentanil

This randomized controlled study examined intubating conditions and haemodynamic changes following sevoflurane nitrous oxide induction in four groups: three different doses of alfentanil compared with low-dose alfentanil and suxamethonium. All patients received atropine 0.3 mg IV before induction of anaesthesia with vital capacity breaths of sevoflurane 8% (more than 7% in the inspiratory gas) in 60% nitrous oxide and oxygen. Patients were allocated randomly to four groups of intravenous supplements: group SA20, alfentanil 20 μg. kg -1 ; group SA25, alfentanil 25 μg. kg -1 ; group SA30, alfentanil 30 μg. kg -1 ; group SSA, alfentanil 10 μg. kg -1 and suxamethonium 1 mg.kg -1 . Orotracheal intubation and assessment of intubating conditions was performed by one of the investigators who was blinded to the subject's group. Intubating conditions were satisfactory or excellent in 83%, 80%, 92% and 96% of patients in groups SA20, SA25, SA30 and SSA respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. The increase in heart rate associated with laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation was effectively attenuated in all groups. Mean arterial pressure decreased significantly and similarly after induction in all groups. Two minutes after intubation the mean arterial pressure was increased significantly (P<0.05) compared to the post-induction value in group SSA. The intubating conditions obtained with sevoflurane plus alfentanil 30 μg. kg -1 were comparable to those provided by the sevoflurane, suxamethonium and alfentanil 10 μg. kg -1 combination.
Weekly peak load forecasting for fast-developing cities

The fast pace of the development activities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has resulted in the pressing need for more dependable forecasts for expanding industrial and residential electrical demands. Rapid-developing countries like the KSA experience a large, varying load growth rate, which has dynamic rather than static characteristics. The authors present a method for developing adequate time series models for the dynamic characteristics of the electrical power demands of a typical rapid-developing electric utility from actual five-year load demand time series. Two models have been developed. The first uses a long-trend component modelled by a polynomial function and a seasonal-cyclic component modelled by Fourier expansion. The second uses an autoregressive time series model for the seasonal-cyclic component. These models have been used to generate weekly peak-load forecasts for one year ahead.
The impact of uncertain precipitation data on insurance loss estimates using a flood catastrophe model

Catastrophe risk models used by the insurance industry are likely subject to significant uncertainty, but due to their proprietary nature and strict licensing conditions they are not available for experimentation. In addition, even if such experiments were conducted, these would not be repeatable by other researchers because commercial confidentiality issues prevent the details of proprietary catastrophe model structures from being described in public domain documents. However, such experimentation is urgently required to improve decision making in both insurance and reinsurance markets. In this paper we therefore construct our own catastrophe risk model for flooding in Dublin, Ireland, in order to assess the impact of typical precipitation data uncertainty on loss predictions. As we consider only a city region rather than a whole territory and have access to detailed data and computing resources typically unavailable to industry modellers, our model is significantly more detailed than most commercial products. The model consists of four components, a stochastic rainfall module, a hydrological and hydraulic flood hazard module, a vulnerability module, and a financial loss module. Using these we undertake a series of simulations to test the impact of driving the stochastic event generator with four different rainfall data sets: ground gauge data, gauge-corrected rainfall radar, meteorological reanalysis data (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis-Interim; ERA-Interim) and a satellite rainfall product (The Climate Prediction Center morphing method; CMORPH). Catastrophe models are unusual because they use the upper three components of the modelling chain to generate a large synthetic database of unobserved and severe loss-driving events for which estimated losses are calculated. We find the loss estimates to be more sensitive to uncertainties propagated from the driving precipitation data sets than to other uncertainties in the hazard and vulnerability modules, suggesting that the range of uncertainty within catastrophe model structures may be greater than commonly believed.