Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Wh-Movement to Wh-In-Situ Acquisition of I-To-C Movement in English Interrogative Constructions by Kurdish Learners

In this study, the effect of Kurdish (Behdini variety) as an L1 on L2 learners' acquisition of English Wh-movement in interrogation will be investigated through comparatively taking into account the most current syntactically-based generative models of Second Language Acquisition, including Full Access/Full Transfer (FA/FT) (Schwartz & Sprouse, 1996), the Interpretability Hypothesis (Tsimpli & Dimitrakopoulou, 2007), and the Variational Model of Language Acquisition (Yang, 2002). A Grammaticality Judgement Elicitation Task is conducted in the form of a surveying questionnaire to gather data among L2 learners to establish their acquisition process of interrogation in English. The informants are students of the English and Translation Departments at the College of Languages University of Duhok, English being their second language. The data are analysed using mixed-effects modeling by employing the lmer package (version 3.3.1) with logit link function and binomial variance for the judgement data in R, an open-source language and environment for statistical computing. The results of the study show that there is a transfer from first language into the second language due to the finding that most participants, disregarding their proficiency level, failed to reject the ungrammatical sentences in almost all the categories. The study finds support for the FT/FA proposal, where L1 transfer occurs, in addition to L2 input and access to universal grammar
I Still Suck at Everything: The Generality of Failure and Future Arrest

ABSTRACT The generality of failure theory links arrest – a “failure” at crime – to other failures later on in life such as getting a sexually transmitted disease or losing a job. Yet, this theoretical orientation also suggests the opposite may be true. Early life failures such as failing a class in school and becoming an underage parent may be a marker of an individual likely to fail at crime later in life. We test this theory using eleven waves of data from the Pathways to Desistance survey. Findings demonstrate that both personal failures (e.g., becoming an underage parent, failing a class) and public failures (e.g., being fired from a job, suspended from school) early in life are significantly associated with failing at crime later in life. Results persist even after accounting for a wide range of potential confounding factors such as criminal offending, illicit substance use, IQ, and self-control. Findings highlight the utility of the generality of failure theory in understanding deviant behavior.
Population genetic structure and body shape assessment of Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Perciformes: Sparidae) from the Buenos Aires coast of the Argentine Sea

This study highlights the analysis of the morphological and genetic variation of the common sea bream Pagrus pagrus, and compares its two main areas of concentration: the northern (35oS - 38oS) and the southern areas (39oS - 41oS) of the Buenos Aires coast of the Argentine Sea. Body shape characterization presented two significantly different morphotypes (Wilks' Lambda=0.224, P<0.001). Northern individuals displayed a higher middle area while southern ones were smaller and their caudal peduncle was shorter. The northern and southern areas did not yield significant genetic differences either with the control region or the microsatellite loci, revealing that P. pagrus is not genetically structured. However, individuals from these areas should not be managed as a single group since they display distinct life history traits, responsible for morphological differentiation. The presence of two spawning areas with distinctive characteristics would define two stocks of P. pagrus from the Buenos Aires coast.
The effect of auxins in inducing organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis in mature sunflower zygotic embryo derived apex

Induction of shoots or of somatic embryos is the key step for gaining the morphogenetic potential in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), species known as recalcitrant to in vitro regeneration. In the immature zygotic embryo derived tissues or in other juvenile tissues resulted from seedlings, the acquisition of the competence for regeneration can be achieved directly by cytokinin treatment or by preconditioning the explants on cytokinin containing medium. In this paper is presented a new type of explant for sunflower in vitro culture, consisting of the apex with primordial leaves, resulted from ungerminated mature zygotic embryo, in which a specific morphogenetic response was triggered by the exogenously applied auxins. Among the auxins tested, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid are inducers of an organogenetic response, apical/axillary shoots and adventitious buds being regenerated while 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid led to somatic embryo formation. Among the auxins tested only 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid sustains the embryos development up to mature stage. A high amount of sucrose (120 g L) supplied during the auxin treatment promotes the maturation of the embryos directly on the induction medium for all tested auxins with embryogenic effect. These findings show that regardless of the type of morphogenetic response aimed in sunflower meristematic tissues resulted from mature embryos, the presence of auxins is mandatory.
Lifestyle Demographic and Food Label Consumption

The lifestyle aspect can influence people buying intention on food label products and services. This paper is conducted to examine on the lifestyle demographic of consumer that need to be highlighted before consumer come up with the buying decision on food labelling products. Knowing how consumer lifestyle pattern is important in order to gain information on food label products about what they most preferred in purchasing the products or services. Furthermore, this study also helps in fulfilling the national agenda in Malaysia National Agro Food Policies 2011-2020. Hence 200 respondents were given a structured questionnaire to know the lifestyle aspect in consumer behaviour of food label consumption the result of this study shows that attitude and awareness of consumer play a crucial role in deciding the food labelling products that contains nutritious, healthy and most important is halal certificate. The major finding shows there are different awareness and attitude of consumers on food labelling towards buying decision when they are in the different of lifestyle aspect. In addition result also shows that consumers are concern about the quality, safety, and nutritional content of food labelling on food products enable to obtain healthy lifestyles.
Compact Wideband Circularly Polarized Septum Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications

A millimeter-wave (mmW) wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna based on an air-filled waveguide is proposed. By introducing two symmetrical ridges in the septum antenna, the proposed antenna can obtain a more compact antenna aperture than the septum antenna based on a rectangular waveguide (from 0.99 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda \,\,\times1.25\,\,\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> to 0.66 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda \,\,\times0.91\,\,\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>). In addition, the high order modes are suppressed to less than −20 dB from 55 to 70 GHz. Then, the sharp corner in the axial-ratio (AR) and gain plots of the septum antenna based on a waveguide are eliminated. A simulated operating bandwidth of 16.4% for both <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert \text {S}_{11}\vert < - 10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB and AR < 3 dB within half-power beamwidth (HPBW) is achieved from 56 to 66 GHz. To verify the design, the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured. The differences between simulations and measurements caused by flange are evaluated. The measured operating bandwidth of 20.9% is achieved from 60 to 74 GHz
Swallowing Difficulties with Tracheostomy: A Neuro-Rehabilitation Perspective

Swallowing and breathing are complex and highly coordinated functions. These functions depend on well -coordinated work of many organs with larynx and nervous system playing a critical role. Disturbance in one of these functions negatively affects the other. Surgical airways like tracheostomies are required in a number of situations , including but not limited to major head and neck procedures, cases with decreased lung function, excessive bronchial secret ions and cases requiring neuro-rehabilitation when prolonged airway is required for mechanical ventilation. Extensive neuro-rehabilitation is required since patients with surgical airway may develop swallowing difficulties including dysphagia and/or aspiration with a very high prevalence, which can pose a threat to life. This article reviews the current status of the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for swallowing difficulties with special emphasis on current neuro-rehabilitative strategies. Electronic databases including Medline, Web-of-science, Cochrane Library, and Google scholar were used for literature search. Downloaded articles were subsequently assessed independently by two researchers to determine suitability for inclusion in the study.
Visuotactile Sensors With Emphasis on GelSight Sensor: A Review

This review paper focuses on vision and touch-based sensors known as visuotactile. The study of visuotactile sensation and perception became a multidisciplinary field of study by philosophers, psychologists, biologists, engineers, technologists, and roboticists in the fields of haptics, machine vision, and artificial intelligence and it dates back centuries. To the best of our knowledge, the earliest records of visuotactile sensor was not applied to robotics and was not even for hand or finger imprint analysis yet for recording the foot pressure distribution of a walking or standing human known as pedobarograph. Our review paper presents the different literature related to visuotactile sensors that lead to a high-resolution miniature pedobarograph-like sensor known as the GelSight sensor. Moreover, this review paper focuses on architecture, different techniques, hardware, and software development of GelSight sensor since 2009 with its applications in haptics, robotics, and computer vision.
The Timing of Appearance and Pathway of Migration of Cranial Neural Crest‐derived Precursors of Melanocytes in Chick Embryos

The timing of appearance and pathway of migration of precursors of melanocytes in cranial regions of chick embryos were examined by the monoclonal antibody MEBL‐1, which can identify precursors of melanocytes soon after their emigration from the neural tube (7). Precursors of melanocytes were first detected on the dorsal side of the mesencephalic neural tube at stage 16, when other neural crest cells had already left the dorsal side of the neural tube. Then precursors of melanocytes at more rostral and caudal levels appeared. After the first appearance on the neural tube, precursors of melanocytes migrated along a dorsolateral pathway under the superficial ectoderm, which followed other neural crest cells. These results indicate that precursors of melanocytes migrate along spatially the same pathway as other neural crest cells, but temporally the different time as considered previously.
Predictors of myocardial fibrosis and loss of epicardial adipose tissue volume in the long-term period after myocardial infarction

Aim. To assess the changes of biochemical markers in hospitalization, the relationship with the severity of myocardial fibrosis and the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness one year after myocardial infarction (MI). Material and methods. A total of 88 patients (65 men and 23 women) with MI were examined. The percentage of cicatricial changes in the myocardium and the EAT thickness were measured using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) one year after MI. In the hospitalization (days 1 and 12) and 1 year after MI, the concentrations of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), stimulating growth factor (ST2), interleukin-33 (IL-33) and type I collagen (COL-1). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and ROC analysis, and logistic regression (Statistica 9.0). Results. One year after MI, cicatricial changes were detected in 68 (77%) patients: 27 people had myocardial fibrosis <5%, 22 patients — 5-15%, and 19 patients >15%. We established that myocardial fibrosis after MI is associated with unfavorable medical history, a complicated course during in-hospital period and higher concentrations of ST2, NT-proBNP, COL-1 compared with patients without myocardial fibrosis. High levels of ST2, NT-proBNP increase the risk of myocardial fibrosis by 1,2 and 1,8 times after hospitalization, respectively. In patients with myocardial fibrosis >15%, IL-33 level was significantly lower in the 1st day of MI. It was found that the EAT thickness increases with fibrosis of 5-15%. An increase in the left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) EAT thickness by 1,33 times and 1,34 times, respectively, increases the risk of myocardial fibrosis (LV EAT thickness, mm (OR 1,33; 95% CI (1,08-1,4), AUC 0,75; RV EAT thickness, mm (OR 1,34; 95% CI (1,15-1,43), AUC 0,79). In patients with myocardial fibrosis >15%, EAT thickness decreases and correlates with NT-proBNP increase in the acute period and a one year after MI.Conclusion. The development of myocardial fibrosis one year after MI is associated with an increase in ST2, NT-proBNP, COL-1, both in the hospitalization and 1 year after MI. The decrease in IL-33 concentration during hospitalization with MI is accompanied by the development of fibrosis >15% of the myocardium.
Linking the evolution of catalytic properties and structural changes in copper–zinc nanocatalysts using operando EXAFS and neural-networks

Understanding the evolution of unique structural motifs in bimetallic catalysts under reaction conditions, and linking them to the observed catalytic properties is necessary for the rational design of the next generation of catalytic materials. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy is a premier experimental method to address this issue, providing the possibility to track the changes in the structure of working catalysts. Unfortunately, the intrinsic heterogeneity and enhanced disorder characteristic of catalytic materials experiencing structural transformations under reaction conditions, as well as the low signal-to-noise ratio that is common for in situ EXAFS spectra hinder the application of conventional data analysis approaches. Here we address this problem by employing machine learning methods (artificial neural networks) to establish the relationship between EXAFS features and structural motifs in metals as well as oxide materials. We apply this approach to time-dependent EXAFS spectra acquired from copper–zinc nanoparticles during the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to reveal the details of the composition-dependent structural evolution and brass alloy formation, and their correlation with the catalytic selectivity of these materials.
Efektivitas Ekstrak Metanol Daun Sembung Rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida albicans

Candida albicans is a fungus which commonly found in the human body and can cause candidiasis disease with varies symptoms. One of the potential anti fungal plant is Mikania micrantha Kunth leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of M. micrantha fungus. The anti fungal activity tests on M. micrantha leaves were conducted by using Kirby-Bauer smear method. The test were carried out with 7 treatments, ie : negative control, solvent control (DMSO 10%), posiive control (ketokonazole 2%), concentrate of M. micrantha leaves extract as much as 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40%. From the result on 30% anti fungal concetration, it showed that the activity level was very strong. This case shows that 30% concentrate of M. micrantha leaves extract is the most potential concentrate to inhibit the growth of C.albicans fungus.
Employee development model and an assessment on the perspectives of work behavior, motivation, and performance

This study aims to reveal the effect of employee development on work behavior and work motivation and its impact on employee performance. This research uses surveys and verification methods. The sample used is 240 units. Data analysis using the Structural Equation Model. The results showed that: employee development influences employee performance, work behavior, and work motivation; Work Behavior affects employee performance; Work motivation affects employee performance; Employee Development influences employee performance through work behavior and works motivation; Work motivation affects employee performance through work behavior. The Study recommend that the need for employee development planning by synchronizing and synergizing the policies of the Regional Government, the Provincial Government and the Central Government which are supported by budget allocations, and compilation of education and training guidelines, job competency standards, career patterns, study permits/assignments, strengthening the employee supervision team, and the development of a comprehensive Staffing Application System
Mining Characteristic Patterns for Comparative Music Corpus Analysis

A core issue of computational pattern mining is the identification of interesting patterns. When mining music corpora organized into classes of songs, patterns may be of interest because they are characteristic, describing prevalent properties of classes, or because they are discriminant, capturing distinctive properties of classes. Existing work in computational music corpus analysis has focused on discovering discriminant patterns. This paper studies characteristic patterns, investigating the behavior of different pattern interestingness measures in balancing coverage and discriminability of classes in top k pattern mining and in individual top ranked patterns. Characteristic pattern mining is applied to the collection of Native American music by Frances Densmore, and the discovered patterns are shown to be supported by Densmore’s own analyses.
Managing Hospital medicine Costs in Healthcare Reform: Case Shari'ati Hospital

A continuous growth in the costs of healthcare and medicine as a strategic commodity has prompted researchers to seek tools to identify high-cost populations and achieve cost control. In the case of Iran, after implementing the healthcare Reform plan in the country, a huge share of hospital funding was spent on undesirable costs due to changes in the use of medicines and instruments. The aim of this study is to compare the cost of medicines in both pre and post periods of health plan implementation to detect abnormalities and low-frequency patterns in medical prescriptions that account for more than 30% of hospital budget funds. For this purpose, a data mining model was used to detect anomalies in the prescription information; first, by forming cross-over matrices on the cross-attributes, the prescription data were categorized; then, by applying a normalized distance-based risk function, anomalies and high-cost elements were identified based on the distance between the input data and the mean data. The data used included 15078 records containing information of patients' records during the years 2012-2016 of Tehran Shariati Hospital Information System. According to the results, the model presented at a positive likelihood ratio of 6.35 was viably able to identify domains and drugs whose costs have skyrocketed following the implementation of the health reform plan. Based on the results, among the 5 costly drugs to which the highest hospital budget was dedicated, Albumin had the highest unbalanced cost growth after the implementation of health reform plan; Pantoprazole and Ciprofloxacin were next in line regarding the unbalanced cost growth. These cases require to be reviewed by the hospital's Pharmacy Committee to keep costs down in order to prevent their inflation. Although imipenem and Meropenem are both expensive, common drugs need to be redefined in order to rationalize their use. According to the heat map charts, the highest average prescription cost per medication and age in the pre-treatment period belonged to a group of people with 80 years and above; a significant decrease in cost was observed after the Reform Plan. The most expensive category was allocated to the age group of 5 to 14 years. Thus, applications whose cost of prescriptions with data usage patterns before the Reform Plan has been identified are given to experts for further consideration.
Learning from Dances: Pose-Invariant Re-Identification for Multi-Person Tracking

Most existing multi-person tracking approaches rely on appearance based re-identification (re-ID) to resolve fragmented tracklets. However, simply using appearance information could be insufficient for videos containing severe pose changes, such as sports or dance videos. With the goal of learning pose-invariant representations, we propose an end-to-end deep learning framework Sparse-Temporal ReID Network. Our proposed network not only realizes human pose disentanglement in an image recovery manner, but also makes efficient linkages between the identical subjects via a unique Sparse temporal identity sampling technique across time steps. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method on both multi-view re-ID benchmarks and our newly collected dance video dataset DanceReID1.
Nutritional characterisation of the rhizosphere of symbiotic cowpea and maize plants in different cropping system

A 2-factorial experiment, involving 3 levels of phosphorus (0, 40, and 80 kg P.ha) as main treatment and 4 cropping systems (mono crop, maize/cowpea inter-row, maize/cowpea intra-row, and maize/cowpea intra-hole cropping) as sub-treatment was conducted in the field for 2 consecutive years in 2003 and 2004 to assess i) the effects of exogenous P supply and cropping system on the concentrations of plant-available nutrients in the rhizosphere of cowpea and maize; ii) the effect of exogenous P supply on tissue concentrations of minerals in nodulated cowpea and maize in mixed plant cultures iii) the effects of exogenous P supply and cropping system on plant growth and N2 fixation, and iv) the effects of exogenous P supply and cropping system on phosphatase activity and microbial biomass in the rhizosphere of cowpea and maize. At harvest, it was found that applying 40 or 80 kg P.haI significantly increased cowpea grain yields by 59-65% in 2003 and 44-55% in 2004. With maize, the increases in grain yield were 2037% in 2003 and 48-55% in 2004 relative to zero-P control. In both cropping seasons, the number of pod-bearing peduncles per plant, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, and seed yield per cowpea plant were significantly increased with the application of exogenous P. In contrast, these parameters were all significantly depressed by mixed culture relative to mono crop cowpea. Intercropping maize with cowpea produced higher total yields per unit land area than the sole crop counterpart. Supplying 40 or 80 kg P.haI to cowpea and maize significantly decreased the soil pH, increased soil organic matter and concentrations of extractable P, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Zn, and Fe in rhizosphere soil in 2003 and 2004. However, the concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Cu, Mn, S, and Fe were significantly lower in the rhizosphere soil of cowpea in 2003 relative to maize, while in 2004 only P, K, Mg, Zn, Mn and Fe were decreased in the legume's rhizosphere compared with