Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Daytime formation of nitrous acid at a coastal remote site in Cyprus indicating a common ground source of atmospheric HONO and NO

Abstract. Characterization of daytime sources of nitrous acid (HONO) is crucial to understand atmospheric oxidation and radical cycling in the planetary boundary layer. HONO and numerous other atmospheric trace constituents were measured on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus during the CYPHEX (CYprus PHotochemical EXperiment) campaign in summer 2014. Average volume mixing ratios of HONO were 35 pptv (±25 pptv) with a HONO ∕ NOx ratio of 0.33, which was considerably higher than reported for most other rural and urban regions. Diel profiles of HONO showed peak values in the late morning (60 ± 28 pptv around 09:00 local time) and persistently high mixing ratios during daytime (45 ± 18 pptv), indicating that the photolytic loss of HONO is compensated by a strong daytime source. Budget analyses revealed unidentified sources producing up to 3.4 × 106 molecules cm−3 s−1 of HONO and up to 2.0 × 107 molecules cm−3 s−1 NO. Under humid conditions (relative humidity > 70 %), the source strengths of HONO and NO exhibited a close linear correlation (R2 = 0.72), suggesting a common source that may be attributable to emissions from microbial communities on soil surfaces.
Salience of Item Knowledge in Learning Artificial Grammars

Both the specific similarity of test items to study items and the grammaticality of test items were found to be major determinants of performance under task conditions common in the literature. Results bearing on the issue of how item-specific effects are coordinated with knowledge pooled across items are: (a) Better item memory resulted in smaller rather than larger effects of specific similarity on judgments of grammaticality, suggesting that items can be too well differentiated to support transfer to new items. (b) Variation in the effect of specific similarity did not result in compensatory variation in grammaticality, suggesting that any schemme that tightly links the effects of the two variables is insufficient. (c) Differential reliance on the 2 knowledge resources was not under good instructional control, which poses a problem for accounts that use functional task analyses to coordinate functionally different memories
VEHICLE DETECTION OF AERIAL IMAGE USING TV-L1 TEXTURE DECOMPOSITION

Abstract. Vehicle detection from high-resolution aerial image facilitates the study of the public traveling behavior on a large scale. In the context of road, a simple and effective algorithm is proposed to extract the texture-salient vehicle among the pavement surface. Texturally speaking, the majority of pavement surface changes a little except for the neighborhood of vehicles and edges. Within a certain distance away from the given vector of the road network, the aerial image is decomposed into a smoothly-varying cartoon part and an oscillatory details of textural part. The variational model of Total Variation regularization term and L1 fidelity term (TV-L1) is adopted to obtain the salient texture of vehicles and the cartoon surface of pavement. To eliminate the noise of texture decomposition, regions of pavement surface are refined by seed growing and morphological operation. Based on the shape saliency analysis of the central objects in those regions, vehicles are detected as the objects of rectangular shape saliency. The proposed algorithm is tested with a diverse set of aerial images that are acquired at various resolution and scenarios around China. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can detect vehicles at the rate of 71.5% and the false alarm rate of 21.5%, and that the speed is 39.13 seconds for a 4656 x 3496 aerial image. It is promising for large-scale transportation management and planning.
Tolerance, Perceived Happiness and Economic Development: Exploring Relationships on Easterlin Variables for Latin America

In this study, we extend the study on perceived happiness by exploring the effect of tolerance on life satisfaction in a sample of 96 countries. Our results showed that tolerance was positively linked to life satisfaction. This result remained robust even after controlling a few potential determinants of subjective wellbeing. Even more, our results showed that Latin American countries are on average associated with higher levels of life satisfaction. Finally, we’ve found that economic development mediates the link between tolerance and life satisfaction.
New developments in the analysis of column-collapse pyroclastic density currents through numerical simulations of multiphase flows

Abstract. A granular multiphase model has been used to evaluate the action of differently sized particles on the dynamics of fountains and associated pyroclastic density currents. The model takes into account the overall disequilibrium conditions between a gas phase and several solid phases, each characterized by its own physical properties. The dynamics of the granular flows (fountains and pyroclastic density currents) has been simulated by adopting a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes model for describing the turbulence effects. Numerical simulations have been carried out by using different values for the eruptive column temperature at the vent, solid particle frictional concentration, turbulent kinetic energy, and dissipation. The results obtained provide evidence of the multiphase nature of the model and describe several disequilibrium effects. The low concentration (≤5 × 10−4) zones lie in the upper part of the granular flow, above the fountain, and above the tail and body of pyroclastic density current as thermal plumes. The high concentration zones, on the contrary, lie in the fountain and at the base of the current. Hence, pyroclastic density currents are assimilated to granular flows constituted by a low concentration suspension flowing above a high concentration basal layer (boundary layer), from the proximal regions to the distal ones. Interactions among the solid particles in the boundary layer of the granular flow are controlled by collisions between particles, whereas the dispersal of particles in the suspension is determined by the dragging of the gas phase. The simulations describe well the dynamics of a tractive boundary layer leading to the formation of stratified facies during Strombolian to Plinian eruptions.
Developing a Social Cognition Task for fMRI in Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Los cambios en la cognicion social son encontrados frecuentemente en pacientes con trauma craneoencefalico leve (TCE) aunque no exista evidencia de lesiones estructurales. Aunque los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar la cognicion social son sensibles al cambio, la ausencia de dano estructural en los pacientes con TCE, puede llevar pasar por inadvertidos estos problemas. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar una herramienta diagnostica complementaria como un paradigma para resonancia magnetica funcional (RMf), la cual involucra una tarea simple que pudiera explicar como los pacientes entienden ciertos comportamientos sociales complejos por medio de movimientos con o sin intencion social sin intermediacion del lenguaje. Participaron once pacientes con TCE leve y con reporte de alteraciones en cognicion social, estos fueron emparejados con doce sujetos control por variables demograficas. Un paradigma de RMf fue desarrollado por medio de la animacion puntos blancos sobre una pantalla negra que representan el movimiento humano, el movimiento humano con la intencion social como el baile o el compartir, y puntos que se mueven sin significado. Los pacientes tuvieron menos activacion en la union parietotemporal y giro frontal medio bilateral frente al movimiento social en comparacion con los sujetos del grupo de control. El paradigma de fMRI desarrollado puede ser una herramienta de diagnostico adicional para identificar las alteraciones cognitivas sociales en pacientes con TCE leve. Independientemente de la ausencia de lesion estructural, los cambios en las areas de activacion sugieren la posibilidad de usar esta herramienta como pronostico dado que los resultados clinicos, cognitivos y funcionales soportan este hallazgo.
Two-Level Credit Financing for Noninstantaneous Deterioration Items in a Supply Chain with Downstream Credit-Linked Demand

Trade credit financing is a useful tool in business today, which can be characterized as the agreement between supply chain members such as permissible delay in payments. In this study, we assume that the items have the property of noninstantaneous deterioration and the demand is a function of downstream credit. Then, an EOQ model for noninstantaneous deterioration is built based on the two-level financing policy. The purpose of this paper is to maximize the total average profit by determine the optimal downstream credit period, the optimal replenishment cycle length, and the optimal ordering quantity per cycle. Useful theorems are proposed to characterize the method of obtaining the optimal solutions. Based on the theorems, an algorithm is designed, and numerical tests and sensitive analysis are provided. Lastly, according to the sensitive analysis, managerial insights are proposed.
Mechanical Synthesis for Easy and Fast Operation in Climbing and Walking Robots

This chapter deals with the importance of the mechanical design in devices used in mobile robots. A good synthesis of mechanisms will improve the robot’s operation. This idea will be explained via two examples. In the first example, the mechanical design of a staircase climbing wheelchair will be presented. A wheelchair is intended to be a commercial unit, and its control unit must, therefore, be robust, efficient and low-cost. The second example deals with the mechanical design of an easy-to-operate leg for a mobile robot. This is a research project, but easy operation is fundamental if we are to ensure that the steps that the leg takes are as rapid as possible, which is of great importance in making actual walking robots faster.
Global drought and severe drought-affected populations in 1.5 and 2 °C warmer worlds

Abstract. The 2015 Paris Agreement proposed a more ambitious climate change mitigation target on limiting global warming to 1.5 ∘ C instead of 2 ∘ C above preindustrial levels. Scientific investigations on environmental risks associated with these warming targets are necessary to inform climate policymaking. Based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) climate models, we present the first risk-based assessment of changes in global drought and the impact of severe drought on populations from additional 1.5 and 2 ∘ C warming conditions. Our results highlight the risk of drought on a global scale and in several hotspot regions such as the Amazon, northeastern Brazil, southern Africa and Central Europe at both 1.5 and 2 ∘ C global warming relative to the historical period, showing increases in drought durations from 2.9 to 3.2 months. Correspondingly, more total and urban populations would be exposed to severe droughts globally ( + 132.5 ± 216.2 million and + 194.5 ± 276.5 million total population and + 350.2 ± 158.8 million and + 410.7 ± 213.5 million urban populations in 1.5 and 2 ∘ C warmer worlds) and regionally (e.g., East Africa, West Africa and South Asia). Less rural populations ( − 217.7 ± 79.2 million and − 216.2 ± 82.4 million rural populations in 1.5 and 2 ∘ C warmer worlds) would be exposed to severe drought globally under climate warming, population growth and especially the urbanization-induced population migration. By keeping global warming at 1.5 ∘ C above the preindustrial levels instead of 2 ∘ C, there is a decrease in drought risks (i.e., less drought duration, less drought intensity and severity but relatively more frequent drought) and the affected total, urban and rural populations would decrease globally and in most regions. While challenging for both East Africa and South Asia, the benefits of limiting warming to below 1.5 ∘ C in terms of global drought risk and impact reduction are significant.
Parametric and Non-parametric Analysis of Performance Persistence in Spanish Investment Funds

This paper describes a financial study of performance persistence in a set of Spanish investment funds targeting short-term fixed-income securities. In view of the nature of the funds and market considered, it is therefore a completely new study. The data base is free of survivorship bias. Moreover, given the nature of the portfolios considered, performance is analysed using a novel index that is based on Sharpe's original but provides consistent rankings for the whole sample employed in the study. The performance persistence phenomenon is analysed over a dual time horizon (half yearly and annual) using two methodologies. The first of these is a non-parametric (contingency tables) methodology in which the statistical tests of Malkiel (1995), Brown and Goetzmann (1995), and Kahn and Rudd (1995) are applied to establish the robustness of the phenomenon studied, while the second is parametric (regression analysis). This joint analysis enables us to consider the effects of changes in the methodology and time horizon on the results obtained. We can confirm that the phenomenon of persistence is present to a significant degree in the data base used in the study. Consequently, historical fund performance data provides a basis for investment strategies that would yield higher returns than could be achieved in the absence of the persistence phenomenon. Our research also shows that the availability of a greater volume of historical information does not necessarily imply any increase in the level of persistence.
Basque genitives and part-whole relations: typical configurations and dependences

This study completes previous works on Basque "genitives" and part-whole relations and intends to improve them. It is widely grounded on attested linguistic data provided by both questionnaires to native speakers and exploration of corpora. Beyond the mere description and classification of uses (mainly according to the properties and nature of part-whole relations), we try to introduce a general characterization of the semantics of the studied genitive markers. In this way we show that the concept of typical configuration (containment, support, integrated landmarks) as well as distinct notions of dependence seem to underlie the distribution of locative and possessive genitives in expressions and utterances expressing part-whole relations.
Cost-Aware Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing Environment

Cloud computing is a new generation of computing environment which delivers the applications as a service to users over the internet. The users can select any service from a list provided by service providers depending on their demands or needs. The nature of this new computing environment leads to tasks scheduling and load balancing problems which become a booming research area. In this paper, we have proposed Scheduling Cost Approach (SCA) that calculates the cost of CPU, RAM, bandwidth, storage available. In this approach, the tasks will be distributed among the VMs based on the priority given by user. The priority depends on the user budget satisfaction. The proposed SCA will try to improve the load balance by selecting suitable VM for each task. The results of SCA are compared with the results of FCFS and SJF algorithms which proves that, the proposed SCA approach significantly reduces the cost of CPU, RAM, bandwidth, storage compared to FCFS and SJF algorithms.
Utilization pattern of antenatal health care services among married women of reproductive age group in the rural area of Surendranagar district, Gujarat, India: a community based cross sectional study -

Background: Maternal mortality continues to be a major public health problem. Inspite of the existence of national programmes for improving maternal and child health in India, maternal mortality and morbidity continue to be high. High quality antenatal care is the most important way to reduce the maternal morbidity and mortality. Utilization of Ante natal care (ANC) services is poor in the rural areas, causing significant impact on the health of the mother and ultimately leads to increased maternal morbidity and mortality. Methods: It was a Community based Cross-sectional study. The study was carried out through oral questionnaire method using pre-designed and pretested performa. All the information was collected, compiled and analysed by applying suitable tests. The data was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft word and Excel have been used to generate graphs, tables etc. Results: A total of 403 women were included in the study. Pregnancy registration was done by 88.77% of the women at either government facility or private doctor. Out of total registered women, majority i.e. 54.25% had registered their pregnancy during 2 nd trimester. In response to frequency of antenatal visits, study showed that, 59.18% (216) women had availed three or more than three antenatal visits. It was found that 81.92% (299) had taken complete (2 doses) tetanus immunization. About 47% of women had completed full course of iron and folic acid tablets. It was observed that only 46.03% women had availed complete ANC package. Conclusions: Although Antenatal services in India have been created, strengthened and expanded over the years, their output in terms of utilization particularly in rural area is still limited. The present study has brought out many significant socio cultural barriers like caste, women’s literacy, husband’s literacy, occupation of women, socio-economic class and parity of women affecting the utilization of services.
Heart rot of spruce and alder in forests of Latvia

Heart rot causes great decrease in timber quality throughout the world. In the conifer forests of Northern Hemisphere the most significant losses are caused by fungi from the Heterobasidion annosum species complex. The spread of the disease is favored by forest management, as the fungus can use freshly cut stumps as an infection court, and so extend through root contacts to infect neighboring trees. The country-scale inventory revealed that about 22% of Latvian spruce trees contained heart rot, which extended on average 6.6 m within the tree stem; the most commonly associated fungus being H. parviporum. These facts highlight the need to take actions to reduce the level of inoculum in already infested stands. Stump removal and the planting of resistant tree species are two options for that. Long-term trials carried out in Scandinavia showed that stump removal could significantly decrease the proportion of infected trees in regenerated stands, although the effectiveness of this procedure may eventually decrease with time. In addition, this method is quite drastic and the adverse influence of continuous stump removal on stand biodiversity and productivity should be taken into consideration. The trail conducted in Finland showed that stump removal had a positive impact on seedlings growth, but influenced negatively mycorrhization and species richness. The other management method which could be employed is the planting of resistant tree species, especially broadleaved trees. In the work undertaken for this thesis heart rot incidence, associated fungi and decay caused yield losses were studied in Latvian grey (Alnus incana) and black alder (A. glutinosa) stands. Despite the high decay incidence and the number of associated fungal species, no single H. annosum s.l. was found. Also, our data showed that the proportion and size of the heart rot column increased with tree age. These data suggest that a short rotation of fast growing broadleaved trees (not only Alnus, but also species of Populus, Betula, and Salix) could be used for clearing up the Heterobasidion inoculum.
WikiTrans: The English Wikipedia in Esperanto

Proceedings of the NODALIDA 2011 Workshop Constraint Grammar Applications. Editors: Eckhard Bick, Kristin Hagen, Kaili Muurisep, Trond Trosterud. NEALT Proceedings Series, Vol. 14 (2011), 8–16. © 2011 The editors and contributors. Published by Northern European Association for Language Technology (NEALT) http://omilia.uio. no/nealt . Electronically published at Tartu University Library (Estonia) http://hdl.handle. net/10062/19231 .
Statistical Optimization of Medium Components by Response Surface Methodology for Enhanced Production of Lactic acid by Lactobacillus Plantarum

Lactic acid production is carried out in submerged fermentation using agro waste as substrates by lactobacillus plantarum. Various agro wastes are selected and pretreated using acid and alkali. The results show that the alkali treated banana peel and acid treated press mud yields better results. Experiments were performed with the selected substrates. Initial screening of nutrient was performed using Plackett–Burman design and the variables with statistically significant effects on lactic acid were identified. Peptone, MnSO4 and CaCl2 were found to influence lactic acid production significantly for banana peel. Peptone, MnSO4, CaCl2, sodium acetate and MnCl2.7H2O were found to influence lactic acid production significantly for pressmud. These variables were selected for further optimization studies using Box-Behnken design (BBD). At the optimized conditions, validation of model was carried out. At these conditions a maximum lactic acid production of 42 and 55 g/L for pressmud and banana peel respectively was achieved.
SAFE ALLOCATION OF INDIVIDUAL HEALTH RECORDS IN CLOUD COMPUTING

A physical condition record where health data and information associated to the concern of a patient is maintained by the patient is a personal health record. To provide a complete and accurate summary of an individual's medical history which is accessible online is the intension of a personal health record (PHR). However, to illegal parties, there have been an extensive confidentiality concerns as personal health information could be exposed to those third party servers. To encrypt the PHRs before outsourcing and to guarantee the patients' control over access to their own PHRs is a capable method. In this paper, for data access control to PHRs stored in semi-trusted servers we propose a novel patient-centric framework and a suite of mechanisms. To encrypt each patient's PHR file, we control attribute based encryption (ABE) techniques in order to achieve fine-grained and scalable data access control for PHRs. We mainly focus on the various data owner scenario, and separate the users in the PHR system into various security domains which greatly reduces the key organization difficulty for owners and users which are unlike from previous works in secure data outsourcing. A high degree of patient privacy is guaranteed simultaneously by exploiting multi-authority ABE. Under emergency, our scheme enables a dynamic modification of access policies which supports efficient on- demand user and break-glass access. In this paper, wide-ranging systematic and experimental results are shown in our proposed scheme.