Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adenosinergic System in the Mesenteric Vessels

Adenine-based purines, such as adenosine, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), are ubiquitous signalling molecules that mediate diverse biological actions and physiological processes. Adenosine is an important signalling molecule in the brain, lungs, kidneys, heart, blood vessels and immune systems (Lu et al., 2004), that exerts a potent action on many physiological processes including vasodilation, hormone and neurotransmitter release, platelet aggregation, and lipolysis (Baldwin et al., 2004; Podgorska et al., 2005). Reports of adenosine and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), effects on the heart and blood vessels (Drury & Szent-Gyorgyi, 1929), were the first in a major line of research concerning the physiological actions of purines. Since then, the list of biological processes in which extracellular purines participate has dramatically increased. Insights into the physiological roles of purines came from studies of their biological sources and the stimuli for their release.
Using Sweet Potato Amylase Extracts for the Determination of Starch in Foodstuffs.

A study was carried out to assess the possibility of quantitative determination of starch in starchy foodstuffs using crude amylase extracts from Ugandan sweet potato cultivars. Amylolytic activity in 18 sweet potato cultivars grown at Namulonge was evaluated and there was a significant variation of activity among cultivars tested. Crude extracts from cultivars 271, 120, 137, and Sowola had the highest amylolytic activities and titrated respectively 61590, 56310, 55740, and 55200 units of amylase activity per 100 g of fresh roots. Determination of starch in foodstuffs using crude amylolytic extracts from above sweet potato cultivars was generally sensitive enough and accurate. As far as the starch concentration was lower than 2 mg per sample of foodstuffs, there was no significant difference between routine methods and the method using sweet potato amylase extracts. The method was found to be cost effective compared to other routine and standard methods using commercial and imported enzymes and chemicals. The Journal of Food Technology in Africa Volume 5 Number 2 (April - June 2000), pp. 66-69 KEY WORDS: Ipomoea batatas, Post-harvest, Utilisation, Endogenous Enzyme
Practical estuarine chemistry : a handbook

Contributors Preface 1. Estuarine chemistry and general survey strategy A. W. Morris 2. Operations in the field T. M. Leatherland 3. Salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrients P. C. Head 4. Trace element analysis S. R. Aston 5. Analysis: organic matter P. J. leB. Williams 6. Ion-selective electrodes in estuarine analysis M. Whitfield 7. Data presentation and interpretation P. C. Head Index.
Quasiclassical trajectory treatment of the O++N2→NO++N reaction

Quasiclassical trajectory calculations have been carried out as part of an overall effort to understand and predict the O+/N2 reactions. In the present work, a surrogate hypersurface for the low energy adiabatic pathway governing the reaction of ground state reactants is developed. It was found that the presence of a barrier, per se, in the reaction coordinate, produces a qualitatively correct treatment of the experimentally known features. These calculations not only properly reproduce the threshold and peaking behavior of the total cross sections, and the rate enhancement effects of reagent vibrational excitation, they also predict the behavior of the differential and doubly‐differential cross sections. From these comparisons, it is presently established that the key features of the N2O+(1 4A″) potential energy surface, in terms of the calculated dynamics properties, is an effective barrier to O+(4S)+N2(X 1Σg+, v⩾0) ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 eV. The use of such a barrier, 0.25 eV, is found to yield nearly.
Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 5

Qualitative Probabilistic Reasoning and Cognitive Models. Exploiting Functional Dependencies in Qualitative Probabilistic Reasoning (M.P. Wellman). Qualitative Propagation and Scenario-Based Scheme for Explaining Probabilistic Reasoning (M. Henrion, M.J. Druzdel). Propagating Uncertainty in Rule Based Cognitive Modeling (T.R. Shultz). Context-Dependent Similarity (Y. Cheng). Abductive Probabilistic Reasoning and KB Development. Similarity Networks for the Construction of Multiple-Faults Belief Networks (D. Heckerman). Separable and Transitive Graphoids (D. Geiger, D. Heckerman). Integrating Probabilistic, Taxonomic and Causal Knowledge in Abductive Diagnosis (D. Lin, R. Goebel). What is the Most Likely Diagnosis (D. Poole, G.M. Provan). Probabilistic Evaluation of Candidate Sets for Multidisorder Diagnosis (T.D. Wu). Kutato: An Entropy-Driven System for Construction of Probabilistic Expert Systems from Databases (E. Herskovits, G. Cooper). Problem Formulation and Control of Reasoning. Ideal Reformulation of Belief Networks (J.S. Breese, E.J. Horvitz). Computationally-Optimal Real-Resource Strategies for Independent, Uninterruptible Methods (D. Einav, M.R. Fehling). Problem Formulation as the Reduction of a Decision Model (D.E. Heckerman, E.J. Horvitz). Dynamic Construction of Belief Networks (R.P. Goldman, E. Charniak). A New Algorithm for Finding MAP Assignments to Belief Networks (S.E. Shimony, E. Charniak). Belief Network Decomposition. Directed Reduction Algorithms and Decomposable Graphs (R.D. Shachter, S.K. Andersen, K.L. Poh). Optimal Decomposition of Belief Networks (W.X. Wen). Pruning Bayesian Networks for Efficient Computation (M. Baker, T.E. Boult). On Heuristics for Finding Loop Cutsets in Multiply-Connected Belief Networks (J. Stillman). A Combination of Cutset Conditioning with Clique-Tree Propagation in the Pathfinder System (H.J. Suermondt, G.F. Cooper, D.E. Heckerman). Equivalence and Synthesis of Causal Models (T.S. Verma, J. Pearl). Possibility Theory: Semantics and Applications. Possibility as Similarity: The Semantics of Fuzzy Logic (E. Ruspini). Integrating Case-Based and Rule-Based Reasoning: the Possibilistic Connection (S. Dutta, P.P. Bonissone). Credibility Discounting in the Theory of Approximate Reasoning (R.R. Yager). Updating with Belief Functions, Ordinal Conditional Functions and Possibility Measures (D. Dubois, H. Prade). A Hierarchical Approach to Designing Approximate Reasoning-Based Controllers for Dynamic Physical Systems (H.R. Berenji, et al.). Dempster-Shafer: Graph Decomposition, FMT, and Interpretations. A New Approach to Updating Beliefs (R. Fagin, J.Y. Halpern). The Transferable Belief Model and Other Interpretations of Dempster-Shafer's Model (P. Smets). Valuation-Based Systems for Discrete Optimization (P.P. Shenoy). Computational Aspects of the Mobius Transformation (R. Kennes, P. Smets). Using Dempster-Shafer Theory in Knowledge Representation (A. Saffiotti).
Flow visualazation of bubble condensation in forced convective subcooled boiling flow

Subcooled boiling bubble condensation experiments were conducted in a vertical-upward annular channel by using water as the testing fluid at atmosphere pressure. The test runs comprised of bulk liquid temperatures, velocities and wall heat fluxes ranging from 75.0 degrees Celsius to 98.0 degrees Celsius, 0.25 m/s to 1.0 m/s and 150 kW/m2 to 200 kW/m2 respectively. A particle/droplet image analysis system was employed to capture the flow channel at four locations downstream of heated section for a total of 13 test conditions. The bubble Sauter-mean diameter was obtained in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.9 mm. It is also found that bubble sizes increase with the increase of liquid temperature or the decrease of liquid velocity. The condensation Nusselt number was calculated to be in the range of 10-4 to 10-1, which is much smaller than the typical range of 100 to102. This might due to the existence of non-condensable gas in the bubble.
Comments on "The generation and characterization of electron and hole traps created by hole injection during low gate voltage hot-carrier stressing of n-MOS transistors" [with reply]

For original article by B.S. Doyle et al. see ibid., vol.37, p.1869-76, (Aug. 1990). In the above-titled paper the principal damage caused to n-MOSFETs during stress at low gate biases is claimed to be neutral electron trap generation in the gate oxide. These traps can supposedly be filled by injected electrons, when the transistor is biased at large drain and gate biases. When the generated electron traps are filled with electrons, a large degradation of current characteristics is observed. The commenters argue that no experimental evidence can be found to confirm this hypothesis. Using the data presented by Doyle et al. and in other studies the commenters show that the generation of neutral traps by injected holes is negligible. Neutral electron trap generation can, however, occur in MOSFETs when large oxide fields occur during operation. In reply, Doyle et al. argue that their normalization technique is correct, while that of the commenters leads to inconsistent results. After discussing several other points, they conclude that electron traps are created during channel hot-hole injection and must be taken into consideration in hot carrier lifetime estimates under AC conditions. >
Starch synthesis in potato tubers

Zetmeel, het materiaal waaraan voor dit proefschrift onderzoek is verricht, bestaat voornamelijk uit twee polymeren van glucose: amylose en amylopektine. Amylose is een vrijwel linear molekuul en amylopektine een sterk vertakt molekuul. De verhouding waarin beide komponenten voorkomen is konstant en plantspecifiek.
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy Studies Characterizing Diffusion and Photophysical Properties of Proteins

The primary focus of the research presented here is the characterization of diffusion using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS). To understand the nature of the anomalous diffusion observed in living systems, we characterized diffusion in complex in vitro systems including the diffusion of proteins. random-coil polymers. or dyes in crowded random-coil polymer solutions and the diffusion of polymer beads in agarose gels. Anomalous diffusion is defined where the mean-square-displacement follows a power law in time, <r\t» OC la, with a;r 1. We observed that diffusion of proteins in dextran solutions is subdiffusive (a < 1) where a decreases with increasing dextran concentration and molecular weight until it reaches a limit value of a ~ 3/4. Because subdiffusion implies a length-scale dependent diffusion coefficient, observations were performed at multiple length-scales (0.2 1.5 /-lm) which allow two complementary methods of determining a from the power law relationship between the length-scale and the diffusion time and from the width of the decay of correlation data at each lengthscale. We report the first direct observations of subdiffusion using these two methods. For example, for the diffusion of polymer beads in 1.4% agarose gels, the value of a obtained from correlation decays increases from 0.82 to 0.97 as the observation volume is increased, while the diffusion power law yields a = 0.92. The results are explained as a cross-over effect between two diffusive behaviors, and the significance of such crossover behavior for live cells observations is discussed. The second focus of this thesis is the characterization of the temperature dependence of fluorescent protein blinking and the application of that dependence as a molecular thermometer. We demonstrate applications of this thermometer in microliter samples. including the calibration of sample temperature when using a temperature-controlled water immersion objective and to measure the sample's spatial temperature gradient.
An analysis of perpendicular magnetic recording using a newly developed 2D-FEM combined with a medium magnetization model

In order to analyze perpendicular magnetic recording mechanisms, the authors have developed a 2-D FEM (finite-element method) simulation program in which a vectorial magnetization of magnetic particles is introduced into the calculation of magnetization distributions in a recording media. This program makes a physically accurate simulation of magnetic recording and reproducing processes because not only the magnetic nonlinearity of head and medium but also the head-to-medium magnetic interaction are taken into account. It is confirmed quantitatively by the program that stronger head-to-medium magnetic interaction produces a sharper magnetization transition and a higher reproduced voltage at higher recording densities. >
Fine-Grained Analysis of Diversity Levels in the News

ABSTRACT Many researchers consider the presentation of diverse content as a prerequisite for the news media to fully exercise their democratic mandate. While prior news diversity studies have contributed important theoretical insights, we argue here that scholarly knowledge of this concept can be significantly advanced by employing computational methods for text analysis. Using automated methods, researchers can increase both the scope of data being analyzed and the resolution of the analysis. This article presents a novel framework for analyzing news diversity consisting of two distinct stages. In the first stage, a computational text classification method is used to analyze, at a high resolution, the attention given in news texts to a broad range of political and social issues. In the second stage, the text classifications are aggregated, and the distributions of media attention to those issues (i.e., news diversity) are assessed on a large scale. After presenting the novel approach, we illustrate its usefulness for testing theoretical hypotheses about news diversity. We compare the diversity of economic coverage in three elite and three popular US newspapers (N = 252,807 articles) and find that a fine-grained analysis relaxes concerns raised in previous studies about low content diversity in the popular press.
Parameterized Complexity of Feedback Vertex Sets on Hypergraphs

A feedback vertex set in a hypergraph H is a set of vertices S such that deleting S from H results in an acyclic hypergraph. Here, deleting a vertex means removing the vertex and all incident hyperedges, and a hypergraph is acyclic if its vertex-edge incidence graph is acyclic. We study the (parameterized complexity of) the Hypergraph Feedback Vertex Set (HFVS) problem: given as input a hypergraph H and an integer k, determine whether H has a feedback vertex set of size at most k. It is easy to see that this problem generalizes the classic Feedback Vertex Set (FVS) problem on graphs. Remarkably, despite the central role of FVS in parameterized algorithms and complexity, the parameterized complexity of a generalization of FVS to hypergraphs has not been studied previously. In this paper, we fill this void. Our main results are as follows - HFVS is W[2]-hard (as opposed to FVS, which is fixed parameter tractable). - If the input hypergraph is restricted to a linear hypergraph (no two hyperedges intersect in more than one vertex), HFVS admits a randomized algorithm with running time 2^{𝒪(k³log k)}n^{𝒪(1)}. - If the input hypergraph is restricted to a d-hypergraph (hyperedges have cardinality at most d), then HFVS admits a deterministic algorithm with running time d^{𝒪(k)}n^{𝒪(1)}. The algorithm for linear hypergraphs combines ideas from the randomized algorithm for FVS by Becker et al. [J. Artif. Intell. Res., 2000] with the branching algorithm for Point Line Cover by Langerman and Morin [Discrete & Computational Geometry, 2005].
Synthesis from Weighted Specifications with Partial Domains over Finite Words

In this paper, we investigate the synthesis problem of terminating reactive systems from quantitative specifications. Such systems are modeled as finite transducers whose executions are represented as finite words in (Σi × Σo), where Σi, Σo are finite sets of input and output symbols, respectively. A weighted specification S assigns a rational value (or −∞) to words in (Σi × Σo), and we consider three kinds of objectives for synthesis, namely threshold objectives where the system’s executions are required to be above some given threshold, best-value and approximate objectives where the system is required to perform as best as it can by providing output symbols that yield the best value and ε-best value respectively w.r. t. S. We establish a landscape of decidability results for these three objectives and weighted specifications with partial domain over finite words given by deterministic weighted automata equipped with sum, discounted-sum and average measures. The resulting objectives are not regular in general and we develop an infinite game framework to solve the corresponding synthesis problems, namely the class of (weighted) critical prefix games. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Theory of computation → Logic and verification; Theory of computation → Transducers; Theory of computation → Quantitative automata
Protecting women from violence through legislation in Nigeria: Need to enforce anti-discrimination laws

Violence against women is a commonplace and widespread phenomenon in Nigeria. It results from multifarious factors the major ones being gender discrimination/male chauvinism, despite the ratification of major international anti-discrimination laws and the enactment of national laws that prohibit violence. Preliminary investigations reveal among others, that these ratified international anti-discrimination instruments are not yet domesticated into law, while some of the national laws condone violence against women, as encouraged by the patriarchal nature of the Nigerian society which is influenced by culture and religion as enshrined within the plural Nigerian legal system. The article highlights the major Nigerian Federal legislation and their failure to adequately combat violence against women. It argues that the domestication and enforcement of CEDAW and other relevant international anti-discrimination instruments, a review of extant Nigerian laws, and the abolition of Nigerian societal practices and other obnoxious beliefs can lead to adequate protection of women from violence.
Histological and functional characterization of cervical spinal cord injury after graded contusion

vi-vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . xi LIST OF TABLES . xii ABBREVIATIONS . xiii Chapter 1 – INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 – SCI Prevalence . 1 1.2 Animal SCI Models . 2 1.3 – SCI Pathophysiology . 4 1.4 – Spinal Tracts . 5 1.5 – Aims and Hypothesis . 7 CHAPTER 2 – MATERIALS AND METHODS . 9 2.1. Spinal Cord Contusion Injury . 10 2.2. Behavioral Assessments . 11 2.2.1. Forepaw Assessments . 11 2.2.2. Locomotor Assessments . 14 2.3. Anterograde Tracing for descending Long Spinal Tracts . 17 ix 2.4. Retrograde tracing by Cholera Toxin B . 18 2.5. Immunohistochemistry . 18 2.4. Histological Analysis . 22 2.4. 1. Quantification of Injury Size – Fibronectin . 22 2.4. 2. Quantification of Gray matter Loss – MAP2 . 22 2.4. 3. Quantification of descending Propriospinal Spinal Tracts by CTB retrograded tracing. 23 2.5. Statistical Analysis . 24 2.5. 1. Behavioral Statistics. 24 2.5. 2. IHC Statistics . 24 2.5. 3. Correlation plots . 24 Chapter 3 – RESULTS . 26 Increasing the severity of SCI contusion results in more missteps in complex horizontal ladder . 26 Contusion severity reduces time in rotarod score . 28 Grooming score reduced in all injury severity groups after unilateral contusion. 30 The effect of graded SCI on forelimb function in pasta handling and single pellet reaching . 32 Overview of histological changes after graded unilateral cervical contusion . 33 Injury size by fibronectin is significantly greater in 70 and 90 kD contusion SCIs compared to 50 kD . 35 Gray matter loss significantly increases after cervical contusion SCI . 37 The propriospinal tracts after graded SCI by CTB retrograde tracing. 39 Correlations between histology analysis and functional performance. 48 x Chapter 4 – DISCUSSION . 53 Clinically-relevant cervical hemicontusion graded model . 53 Functional implications of behavioral tests after graded cervical SCI . 55 Histology deficits after graded SCI . 58 The relationship between histology and functional deficits . 59 Potential roles of descending spinal tracts after cervical SCI . 61 Future directions and Conclusion . 62 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 63 VITA . 73
DEVELOPMENT AND STANDARDIZATION OF SORGHUM-RICH MULTIGRAIN FLOUR AND ASSESSMENT OF ITS STORAGE STABILITY WITH ADDITION OF TBHQ

Sorghum-rich multigrain flour (SRMF) was developed with sorghum (M35-1 Cultivar; Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), wheat (Triticum aestivum), ragi (Eleusine coracana), black gram dhal (Phaseolus mungo roxb), fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum) and karaya gum (Sterculia urens roxb), and evaluated for its physicochemical characteristics and organoleptic properties using standard methods. Among the different blends studied, T4 (S + W + R + Bg + Fg; 50 + 45 + 1 + 2 + 1) was found to be having satisfactory functional characteristics and studied for shelf life using tertiary butyl hydro quinine (TBHQ; 0.02%/100 g sample) on moisture (%), water activity (aw) and alcoholic acidity. Acceptability studies were conducted at 0, 30, 60, 90, 105 and 120-day storage period at laboratory level by panel of judges using a 5-point hedonic scale. No significant difference was found between control and TBHQ-added samples for moisture content, aw and alcoholic acidity during the entire storage period. Nutrient-rich, shelf-stable SRMF can be developed with sorghum cultivar M35-1, other whole grains and pulses.
On the Construction of Pareto-Compliant Combined Indicators

Abstract The most relevant property that a quality indicator (QI) is expected to have is Pareto compliance, which means that every time an approximation set strictly dominates another in a Pareto sense, the indicator must reflect this. The hypervolume indicator and its variants are the only unary QIs known to be Pareto-compliant but there are many commonly used weakly Pareto-compliant indicators such as R2, IGD+, and ε+. Currently, an open research area is related to finding new Pareto-compliant indicators whose preferences are different from those of the hypervolume indicator. In this article, we propose a theoretical basis to combine existing weakly Pareto-compliant indicators with at least one being Pareto-compliant, such that the resulting combined indicator is Pareto-compliant as well. Most importantly, we show that the combination of Pareto-compliant QIs with weakly Pareto-compliant indicators leads to indicators that inherit properties of the weakly compliant indicators in terms of optimal point distributions. The consequences of these new combined indicators are threefold: (1) to increase the variety of available Pareto-compliant QIs by correcting weakly Pareto-compliant indicators, (2) to introduce a general framework for the combination of QIs, and (3) to generate new selection mechanisms for multiobjective evolutionary algorithms where it is possible to achieve/adjust desired distributions on the Pareto front.