Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A model of destination competitiveness/sustainability: Brazilian perspectives

This paper reviews the understanding I have gained from several years of research, and from several more years of ongoing discussions with industry leaders regarding the nature of competitiveness among tourism destinations. This understanding has been captured, in summary form, in the model of Destination Competitiveness/Sustainability (Ritchie and Crouch, 2003). This model contains seven (7) components which we have found to play a major role, from a policy perspective, in determining the competitiveness/sustainability of a tourism destination. In addition to the valuable understanding which these seven components provide from a policy perspective, the specific elements of each the major components provide a more useful/practical guidance to those who are responsible for the ongoing management of a DMO (Destination Management Organization). With this overview in mind, this paper will provide a detailed review and explanation of the model that I have developed with colleague, Dr. Geoffrey I. Crouch of Latrobe University in Melbourne, Australia. Based on previous presentations throughout the world, it has proven very helpful to both academics and practitioners who seek to understand the complex nature of tourism destination competitiveness/sustainability.
Modeled global effects of airborne desert dust on air quality and premature mortality

Abstract. Fine particulate matter is one of the most important factors contributing to air pollution. Epidemiological studies have related increased levels of atmospheric particulate matter to premature human mortality caused by cardiopulmonary disease and lung cancer. However, a limited number of investigations have focused on the contribution of airborne desert dust particles. Here we assess the effects of dust particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm (DU2.5) on human mortality for the year 2005. We used the EMAC atmospheric–chemistry general circulation model at high resolution to simulate global atmospheric dust concentrations. We applied a health impact function to estimate premature mortality for the global population of 30 yr and older, using parameters from epidemiological studies. We estimate a global cardiopulmonary mortality of about 402 000 in 2005. The associated years of life lost are about 3.47 million per year. We estimate the global fraction of the cardiopulmonary deaths caused by atmospheric desert dust to be about 1.8%, though in the 20 countries most affected by dust this is much higher, about 15–50%. These countries are primarily found in the so-called "dust belt" from North Africa across the Middle East and South Asia to East Asia
SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING AND STABLE HEART FAILURE Sleep Disordered Breathing , Daytime Symptoms , and Functional Performance in Stable Heart Failure

551 Sleep Disordered Breathing and Heart Failure—Redeker et al SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING (SDB), INCLUDING OBSTRUCTIVE AND CENTRAL SLEEP APNEA, IS COMMON IN PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE (HF) and appears to be associated with objective and selfreport measures of functional performance,1,2 excessive daytime sleepiness,2,3 self-reported poor sleep,4 and depressive symptoms.1 However, findings have been inconsistent,5-7 and previous studies have not addressed the clinical or demographic factors that may contribute to both SDB and its daytime consequences in HF patients. Understanding the extent to which SDB may be associated with daytime symptoms and functional performance may help to identify patients who are at high risk for these problems and may benefit most from improvements in daytime function through treatment. Depending on the population studied, obstructive apnea (OSA) and/or central sleep apnea (CSA) occur in 24% to 82% of HF patients.5-14 The relative odds of HF in the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS), a study of sleep in cardiovascular cohorts, was 2.38 for people in the highest vs. lowest quartile of the respiratory disturbance index.15 As many as 50% of patients with either systolic HF5,8,12,16 or HF with preserved systolic function17 have OSA. Between 15% and 62% of systolic HF patients5,8,9,12,18,19 and 20% of patients17 with preserved systolic function have CSA. Most previous studies have focused on patients with systolic dysfunction19-22 and included only men or very small proportions of women2,3,6,20,21; however, 40% to 71%23,24 of patients with HF have preserved systolic function and women represent approximately 50% of patients with HF over the lifespan. Although SDB was associated with lower actigraph-recorded daytime activity duration in male HF patients2 and oxygen uptake,1 but not the shuttle-walk test, in another study,1 SDB has not been consistently related to self-reported physical function in HF patients.15,6,25 A study of 700 HF patients12 revealed that HF patients with CSA had lower 6-minute walk test (6m WT) distances than patients with OSA or patients with no SDB. However, the potentially confounding effects of age, gender, and clinical characteristics on SDB and functional performance were not evaluated. SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING AND STABLE HEART FAILURE
THE EVALUATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS COMPONENTS (CASE STUDY: MAIN OFFICE OF TAX AFFAIRS OF LORESTAN OFFICE)

The present study aimed to evaluate organizational intelligence and its components among the staffs of main office of tax affairs of Lorestan province in 2011. The study is descriptive-correlation design. The study population is 262 and the sample size is based on Morgan and Kerjecy Table 155 people. Simple random sampling is used to select statistical sample. The data are collected using organization intelligence questionnaire (Albrecht, 2002). The data are analyzed using binominal test, Spearman correlation coefficient and Eta correlation coefficient. The results showed the unsuitable condition of organizational intelligence and its components. There was a positively significant correlation between gender and organizational intelligence (P 0.05).
Block Speller : Toward a Gaze-Independent P 300-based BCI

Brain-computer interface (BCI) opens a new communication channel for individuals with severe motor disorders. In P300-based BCIs, gazing the target event plays an important role in the BCI performance. Individuals who have their eye movements affected may lose the ability to gaze targets that are in the visual periphery. This paper presents a novel P300based paradigm called gaze independent block speller (GIBS), and compares its performance with that of the standard rowcolumn (RC) speller. GIBS paradigm requires extra selections of blocks of letters. The online experiments made with able-bodied participants show that the users can effectively control GIBS without moving the eyes (covert attention), while this task is not possible with RC speller. Furthermore, with overt attention, the results show that the improved classification accuracy of GIBS over RC speller compensates the extra selections, thereby achieving similar practical bit rates.
Female butterflies modulate investment in reproduction and flight in response to monsoon-driven migrations

Migratory species may display striking phenotypic plasticity during individual lifetimes. This may include differential investment in body parts and functions, differential resource use and allocation, and behavioural changes between migratory and nonmigratory phases. While migration-related phenotypic changes are well-reported, their underlying mechanisms are usually poorly understood. Here we compare individuals from migratory (reproductive diapause) and non-migratory (reproductive) phases of closely related aposematic butterfly species to study how sexual dimorphism and migratory behaviour underlie significant morphological tradeoffs, and propose a plausible scenario to explain the migration-related phenotypic plasticity observed in females of migratory species. We found that female butterflies invested significantly more in their abdominal mass compared to males irrespective of their migratory phase, and underwent a clear shift in their body mass allocation after the switch from the reproductive diapause phase to the reproductive phase. In reproductive phase, females invested much more in reproductive tissue. This switch occurred as a result of increased abdominal mass (i.e. reproductive tissue mass) without significant reduction in the thoracic mass (i.e. flight muscle mass). Migratory males, however, were not significantly different from non-migratory males in terms of relative investment in flight and reproductive tissues. These patterns were consistent between migratory and non-migratory aposematic species within and across clades. While migratory habits may influence the physiology and behaviour of both sexes, long-distance migration affected female morphology much more markedly compared to that of males. These results show the sex-specific nature of adaptations to migratory behaviour, and suggest that seemingly disparate life-history traits such as aposematism and migration may have similar influences on the lifetime energetic investments of insects.
Photodissociation in proto-planetary nebulae - Hydrodynamical simulations and solutions for low-velocity multi-lobes

Aims. We explore the effects of photodissociation at the stages of post-asymptotic giant branch stars to find a mechanism able to produce multi-polar shapes. Methods. We perform two-dimensional gasdynamical simulations to model the effects of photodissociation in proto-planetary nebulae. Results. We find that post-asymptotic giant branch stars with ∼7000 K or hotter are able to photodissociate a large amount of the circumstellar gas. We compute several solutions for nebulae with low-velocity multi-lobes. We find that the early expansion of a dissociation front is crucial to understand the number of lobes in proto-planetary nebulae. Conclusions. A dynamical instability appears when cooling is included in the swept-up molecular shell. This instability is similar to the one found in photoionization fronts, and it is associated with the thin-shell Vishniac instability. The dissociation front exacerbates the growth of the thin-shell instability, creating a fast fragmentation in shells expanding into media with power-law density distributions such as r −2 .
What impedes micro, small and medium firms’ growth the most in South Africa? Evidence from World Bank Enterprise Surveys

The growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is often regarded as a solution to persistent unemployment in developing countries. Studies have shown that access to finance is the most serious obstacle to MSMEs’ growth. This paper investigates key obstacles to the growth of MSMEs in South Africa using the World Bank Enterprise Surveys of 2003 and 2007. Two approaches are used to determine the key obstacles. The first improves on the simple count-of-ratings method used by many researchers. The second estimates the effects of obstacles on growth through sequential multivariate regressions based on the Growth Diagnostics framework by Hausmann, Rodrik & Velasco (2005) and identifies two levels of obstacles’ intensities: binding constraints with negative and significant effects and constraints with notable effects whose negative effects are significant but less than the binding. From both count- and regression-based analyses, access to finance is a relatively less important obstacle. The count-based analysis finds crime to be the top obstacle. In the regressions, ‘courts’, which refers to the efficacy of the legal system and thus related to crime, is binding . Electricity and transportation of goods are the constraints with notable effects .
Integrating motion sensing technology in radiographic examination

Background: In the daily operation of X-ray machine, radiation technologists need to have direct close contact with patients with known or potential infectious disease, resulting in environmental contamination by pathogens if hand hygiene was not properly observed. In the last 15 decades, the method for inputting computer commands has evolved from using keyboard, mouse and to touchscreen and a touch-less method: motion sensing technology. Therefore in the present study, we aim to explore the feasibility of using motion-sensing technology to replace several computer-inputting commands that were frequently used during radiographic examination in order to reduce the chance of pathogen contamination to the radiographic equipment and accessories.
Uncommon specialization in a mutualism between a temperate herbaceous plant guild and an ant: are Aphaenogaster ants keystone mutualists?

Ant-dispersed herbs (myrmecochores) can account for more than one-third of the stems in the temperate deciduous forests of eastern North America. Because many ant species have been observed collecting the seeds, this interaction is often described as a generalized mutualism. Here, we combine fieldwork and meta-analyses to test this assumption. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that Aphaenogaster ants (predominantly A. rudis) collect approximately 74±26% (mean± SD) of the myrmecochorous seeds in eastern North American forests where any encounters with Aphaenogaster were reported, and approximately 61 ±37% of the seeds in all the eastern forests where any seed collection has been monitored. This remarkable monopolization of seeds is due to at least two factors: 1) Aphaenogaster are significantly more likely to collect the ant-adapted seeds they discover than are ten other ant genera found in these forests and 2) the densities of Aphaenogaster and myrmecochorous plants are positively correlated at three nested spatial scales (within 20 x 20 m patches, among patches within a forest, and among 41 forests in the eastern United States). Although other ants can collect seeds, our analyses demonstrate that A. rudis is the primary seed dispersal vector for most of this rich temperate ant-dispersed flora. The low levels of plant partner diversity for myrmecochores demonstrated here rivals that of tropical ant-plants (myrmecophytes) and well exceeds that typically observed in temperate plant-frugivore and plant-pollinator mutualisms and myrmecochory in other biomes.
IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF STATISTICAL METHOD OF OBTAINING REPRESENTATIVE DATA SCHEME FOR DEDUPLICATION USING FUZZY CLUSTERING AND GENETIC ALGORITHM

Record De-duplication is the important task under merging different database records. We can provide tuning results to the users after implementation of de-duplication operation. Existing approaches are failing under tuning of web databases and removal of duplicate records. All existing approaches are not providing efficient and effective results [1] [2] [3] [4]. In this paper we are designing one new prototype discussion related to effective and enhanced de-duplication. Prototype design starts with fuzzy clustering and genetic algorithm. Its can control more number of duplicate records compare to other approaches. Its saves more storage and time compare to other approaches [12] [13]. In distributed databases the complexity of finding similarity factor is very high. The existing techniques are not accurate to minimize the duplication in the same data base. In the present work a new technique is proposed to improve the accuracy level [24]. In the proposed work a multi-level technical process implemented like tuning. The tuning technique finds all types of duplicated documents in the database. Here all duplicate files are searched with all attributes in sequential order in tree fashion. The results are further improved and reached to an optimized and acceptable range with new data duplication detection method with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). It further removes unwanted residual files from the database. Bases on the view of previous ranking system problems a new manifold ranking is proposed in the current research work. In the proposed system the ranking is evaluated with new multimodality manifold ranking with sink points.
The Effect of Silane Content on Microleakage of the Adhesive Systems

A. Semih ÖZSEVİK Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Gaziantep, Turkey Phone/Tel: 0 342 360 9600/4301 E-mail/E-posta: ozsevik@gantep.edu. tr AbStRACt Aim: The aim of this study is to compare to microleakage levels of two silane based adhesive systems and one silane free adhesive system. Material and Method: Thirty standardized freshly extracted sound premolar teeth were used in study. Teeth were randomly and divided into three groups of 10 teeth each, according to the adhesive systems (n=20). Class V cavities were prepared (mesio-distal 4 mm, and occluso-gingival 3 mm, and 2 mm depth). After the adhesive systems were applied (Clearfil Universal Bondsilane based, Single Bond Universal-silane based and Adper Single Bond 2-silane free) composite resins (Filtek Z 250) were built up to the cavities. The specimens were aged with 5,000 thermocycles and immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsine solution during 24 hours. Then the samples were sectioned longitudinally in bucco-lingual and mesiodistal directions. The slices were observed under a stereomicroscope (X40 magnification). The scores were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann Whitney U tests. Results: Significant differences were found in microleakage values among the adhesive systems (p<0.05). The lowest microleakage value was recorded in the Single Bond universal (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in microleakage values among the Clearfil Universal Bond Adper Single Bond 2 (p>0.05). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the occlusal and gingival in all restorations (p<0.05). Conclusion: For all groups, microleakage values were higher at gingival margins than at occlusal margins. None of the materials tested in this study completely eliminated microleakage at both the enamel and gingival margin.
NON-CODING RNA ROLES IN INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS AND SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common and frequently life-threatening cerebrovascular disease, which is mostly related with a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Its complications include rebleeding, early brain injury, cerebral vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, chronic hydrocephalus, and also non neurological problems. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), comprising of microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), play an important role in intracranial aneurysms and SAH. Here, we review the noncoding RNAs expression profile and their related mechanisms in intracranial aneurysms and SAH. Moreover, we suggest that these non-coding RNAs function as novel molecular biomarkers to predict intracranial aneurysms and SAH, and may yield new therapies after SAH in the future. Received 17 March 2017 accepted 25 April 2017
Small but Important : the woody vegetatIon communItIeS on the SandStone outcropS of teyú cuaré ( mISIoneS , argentIna )

Rocky outcrops commonly present an extreme environment, characterized by water shortage, thermal fluctuation and a poor or absent soil mantle among others, that can generate stressful physiological conditions. Therefore, species can present adaptations to inhabit these sites (Scarano, 2007; Fernandes, 2016). Thus, this kind of environments was highlighted as important in maintaining endemic species (Medina & Fernandez, 2007; Porembski et al., 2016) and acts as vegetation refuge of relictual taxa (Pérez-García & Meave, 2004; Spezialea & Ezcurra, 2012). However, these environments are being disturbed by factors such as mining, urbanization or invasive alien species (Porembski et al., 2016). 1Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. 2Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Eldorado, Misiones, Argentina. *Corresponding author: e-mail: sjevelazco@gmail.com Small but Important: the woody vegetatIon communItIeS on the SandStone outcropS of teyú cuaré (mISIoneS, argentIna)
Brain Controlled Games : Concepts and Classifiers

This paper reviews the concepts behind a braincomputer interface and some of the machine learning methods used to classify a signal coming from an electroencephalogram for brain-controlled game use. After several decades of research, development and application in the rehabilitation domain, modern brain computer interface techniques show a relative maturity, receiving more attention in real world applications, also for the general population, and in particular in the domain of NeuroGames. These are games that use the latest emotional, cognitive, sensory and behavioural techniques to create radically compelling experiences to engage and entertain gamers.
Cultivating intelligent tutoring cognizing agents in ill-defined domains using hybrid approaches

: Cognizing agents are those systems that can perceive information from the external environment and can adapt to the changing conditions of that environment. Along the adaptation process a cognizing agent perceives information about the environment and generates reactions. An intelligent tutoring cognizing agent should deal not only with the tutoring syste m’s world but also with the learner -it should infer and predict new information about the learner and tailor the learning process to fit this specific learner. This paper shows how intelligent tutoring cognizing agents can be cultivated in ill-defined domains using hybrid techniques instantiated in the two example agents AEINS-CA and ALES-CA. These agents offer adaptive learning process and personalized feedback aiming to transfer certain cognitive skills, such as problem solving skills to the learners and develop their reasoning in the two ill-defined domains of ethics and argumentation. The paper focuses on the internal structure of each agent and the reasoning methodology, in which, the cognizing agent administration and construction along with the pedagogical scenarios are described.