Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PCR-based amplicon length polymorphisms (ALPs) at microsatellite loci and indels from non-coding DNA regions of cloned genes as a means of authenticating commercial Japanese green teas

We have developed PCR-based DNA markers with the objective of authenticating, and discouraging the fraudulent commercialization of, the forty-four most cultivated Japanese green teas. For this purpose we have generated amplicon length polymorphisms (ALPs) by targeting microsatellite loci using nucleotide information from other species and indels located in the non-coding regions of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) genes in tea. One useful indel was detected in the unique intron of PAL and three others in introns 2, 3 and 5 of the DFR gene. All four nuclear microsatellite loci were polymorphic showing three to four alleles per locus, while only one out of the four chloroplast loci was variable with two distinct haplotypes. PCR primers were designed to amplify small but variable PCR fragments in such a way that they were applicable to low amounts of highly degraded DNA. The markers devised here were sufficient to differentiate all the teas, although a combination of several loci was necessary for most of them. This single-step PCR-based methodology is more effective than the PCR-RFLP technique commonly used for identifying food materials and will be useful for the certification of commercial Japanese green teas.
The abundance of fish larvae in estuaries: Within-tide variability at inlet and immigration

The larvae of winter spawning fishes immigrating through Beaufort Inlet into the Pamlico Sound estuarine system (North Carolina, United States) were passively sampled during 14 flood tides and nine of the following ebb tides. Five taxa were abundant in the catches. Pelagic species were represented by Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus. Nonpelagic taxa were represented by Atlantic croaker, Micropogonias undulatus, spot, Leiostomus xanthurus, pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides, and flatfishes of the genus Paralichthys. The sampling was continuous and the sample duration varied between 4 min and 32 min. The longest samples furnished the most accurate and precise estimates of the mean tidal abundance. Sampling 10 min each hour of the tide was the most efficient protocol for determining the mean tidal abundance. The abundance patterns was shown to differ according to the pelagic or nonpelagic behavior of the larvae. Analyses suggested the nonpelagic taxa rely on astronomical tides and vertical migrations synchronous with the direction of the tide flow to be transported upstream in the estuary. These larvae were not dependent upon the strength of the tide to penetrate the inlet. In contrast, menhaden larvae seemed to rely primarily on strong food tides to enter the estuarine area, probably because the vertical positioning of the species within the water column is not dependent upon the direction of the tide. However, if larvae were present outside of the inlet, strong flood tides indiscriminately brought pelagic and nonpelagic species into the estuary.
ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE PITCH PRODUCTION IN THE SONG OF THE WHITE-THROATED SPARROW (ZONO TRICHIA ALBICOLLIS)

ABSTRACT The songs of white-throated sparrows consist of 5 notes of very pure tonal quality. In ascending song, the pitch increases substantially from Note 1 to Note 2; whereas, in descending song, pitch decreases substantially from Note 2 to Note 3. Variability in the absolute pitch of each note is considerable among birds, but much less within individuals. Analysis of the major pitch changes in these songs shows that the pitch interval (ratio of the higher to the lower frequency), a measure of relative pitch constancy, predicts the frequency of the higher note in the pitch change more precisely than does the difference between the frequencies of the two notes, a measure of absolute pitch constancy. We conclude that white-throated sparrows produce relative rather than absolute pitch constancy during the major frequency changes in their songs and suggest that pitch interval may be an important cue in species recognition.
A signature microRNA expression profile for the cellular response to thermal stress

Recently, an extensive layer of intra-cellular signals was discovered that was previously undetected by genetic radar. It is now known that this layer consists primarily of a class of short noncoding RNA species that are referred to as microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs regulate protein synthesis at the post-transcriptional level, and studies have shown that they are involved in many fundamental cellular processes. In this study, we hypothesized that miRNAs may be involved in cellular stress response mechanisms, and that cells exposed to thermal stress may exhibit a signature miRNA expression profile indicative of their functional involvement in such mechanisms. To test our hypothesis, human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to an established hyperthermic protocol, and the ensuing miRNA expression levels were evaluated 4 hr post-exposure using microRNA microarray gene chips. The microarray data shows that 123 miRNAs were differentially expressed in cells exposed to thermal stress. We collectively refer to these miRNAs as thermalregulated microRNAs (TRMs). Since miRNA research is in its infancy, it is interesting to note that only 27 of the 123 TRMs are currently annotated in the Sanger miRNA registry. Prior to publication, we plan to submit the remaining novel 96 miRNA gene sequences for proper naming. Computational and thermodynamic modeling algorithms were employed to identify putative mRNA targets for the TRMs, and these studies predict that TRMs regulate the mRNA expression of various proteins that are involved in the cellular stress response. Future empirical studies will be conducted to validate these theoretical predictions, and to further examine the specific role that TRMs play in the cellular stress response.
ANSWER

From the question on page 1055 A microcatheter (Excelsior SL-10, 1.7-F; Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) was delivered deep into the bleeding artery near the nidus (fig 1A); then 0.2 ml of 40% glue, a mixture of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl B; Braun Melsungen, Melsungen, Germany) and iodised oil (Lipiodol; Andre Guerbet, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France), was delivered and embolisation was performed. After embolisation, angiography showed no more contrast extravasation and that only a limited portion of ascending colon had been embolised with glue (fig 1B). The patient’s vital signs stabilised immediately after successful glue embolisation. The surgeons were advised about possible post-embolisation colon perforation. The patient remained in intensive care for 1 day and was then transferred to a general ward with stable vital signs. Three days after embolisation, colonoscopy revealed no mucosal abnormality or focal lesions except for internal haemorrhoids and sigmoid tubular adenoma. A non-enhanced CT scan identified glue accumulation at the medial wall of the ascending colon with clear surrounding fat planes (fig 2). The impression was previous diverticular bleeding. The patient was discharged uneventfully 5 days after embolisation and had been followedup with no further problems for 1 year. In a patient with life-threatening acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding, emergent surgical right hemicolectomy carries the higher risks of severe perioperative and postoperative complications, despite the advantages of surgical resection in confirming the diagnosis, a lower rebleeding rate and avoiding postembolisation ischaemia. Meanwhile, various types of embolisation materials (Gelfoam, coils, polyvinyl alcohol particles or a combination of these) have been reported as less invasive alternatives to surgery, but the rebleeding rate has been reported varying from 15% in diverticular disease to 40% in nondiverticular disease. Glue embolisation of intracranial arteriovenous malformations has been used for many years. Recently, glue embolisation of acute upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding also demonstrated good results. 4 Superselective microcoil embolisation for treatment of lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage has been validated, but superselective glue embolisation has never been reported in the English language literature. Considering the rapid and effective method and the cheaper price, superselective microcatheter embolisation with N-butyl-2cyanoacrylate in acute and massive lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage might be a challenging competitor to other materials. More comparative studies are needed.
Effects of light intensity and addition of carotene rich Dunaliella salina live cells on growth and antioxidant activity of Solea senegalensis Kaup (1858) larval and metamorphic stages

algal diet) or light intensity (meanS.E.7 4� 3 � 4� 9% for 200 lx, 85� 1 � 2� 7% for 1000 lx and 82� 8 � 5� 2% for 2000 lx, respectively). Light intensity affected (P 0� 05) on MDA at any stage. Supplementing the diet with D. salina did not affect SOD, KAT or t-GPX and there was no interaction (P > 0� 05) with light intensity. MDA was the only biomarker whose activity was significantly (P < 0� 05) reduced when D. salina was supplemented to the larval rearing tanks. The effect of D. salina supplementation was only detected in metamorphosing larvae, whose MDA levels were noticeably higher than in earlier stages. These results are evidence of the antiperoxidative effect of b-carotene from live algae in the larval rearing process of marine fishes.
A Revised Nomenclature for the Chaetotaxy of the Mosquito Larva (Diptera: Culicidae)

The recent recognition of species complexes within populations formerly believed to represent a single species has focused the attention of students of mosquitoes to a reexamination of characters previously used in the separation of species and to a search for new morphological features useful in diagnosis. The immature stages of mosquitoes offer a greater variety of morphological characters which can be studied quantitatively, analyzed, and used for recognition of species than do the adults. Until recently almost all the attention was paid to the head, a few thoracic and abdominal hairs and the terminal abdominal segments of the larva, and the trumpets, paddles and a few abPom,nal hairs of the pupa. The larval characters used have not been entirely satisfactory and in the last few years the pupal stage has attracted more attention in the search for additional diagnostic characters. This interest in the pupa has culminated in the work of Knight and 'Chamberlain (1948) who made a comparative study, devised a new nomenclature, and illustrated the complete chaetotaxy of representatives of practically all the genera. The study of the larva has not progressed as rapidly, perhaps because of the greater complexity of the chaetotaxy, since the larva has upward of 200 pairs of hairs while the pupa appears to have about 105 pairs. The complete larval chaetotaxy for the majority of the genera is still unknown. In the course of a study on the genus Uranotaenia from the Solomon Islands, the complete larval chaetotaxy of seven species was described and figured by the author. In the preparation of descriptions it became evident that the existing nomenclatures were not entirely satisfactory as various combinations of numerical, alphabetical and nominal terminologies have been used by different workers according to their individual preferences and no system used all the elements of the larval chaetotaxy known at the present time. It seemed advisable, therefore, to prepare a uniform nomenclature which would (1) take into account all the established elements of the chaetotaxy of the fourth instar mosquito larva, (2) allow for the later inclusion of certain elements now poorly known, (3) show homologies where they have been established, (4) be equally suitable for anophelines and culicines, and (5) be easy to use in descriptions.
Antisense Protein Kinase A RIα Inhibits 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-Induction of Mammary Cancer

Purpose: There are two types of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA), type I (PKA-I) and type II (PKA-II), which share a common catalytic (C) subunit but contain distinct regulatory (R) subunits, RI versus RII, respectively. Evidence suggests that increased expression of PKA-I and its regulatory subunit (RIα) correlates with tumorigenesis and tumor growth. We investigated the effect of sequence-specific inhibition of RIα gene expression at the initial phase of 7,12-dimethylbenz(αa)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Experimental Design: Antisense RIα oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) targeted against PKA RIα was administered (0.1 mg/day/rat, i.p.) 1 day before DMBA intubation and during the first 9 days post-DMBA intubation to determine the anticarcinogenic effects. Results: Antisense RIα, in a sequence-specific manner, inhibited the tumor production. At 90 days after DMBA intubation, untreated controls and RIα-antisense-treated rats exhibited an average mean number of tumors per rat of 4.2 and 1.8, respectively, and 90% of control and 45% of antisense-treated animals had tumors. The antisense also delayed the first tumor appearance. An increase in RIα and PKA-I levels in the mammary gland and liver preceded DMBA-induced tumor production, and antisense down-regulation of RIα restored normal levels of PKA-I and PKA-II in these tissues. Antisense RIα in the liver induced the phase II enzymes, glutathione S-transferase and quinone oxidoreductase, c-fos protein, and activator protein 1 (AP-1)- and cAMP response element (CRE)-directed transcription. In the mammary glands, antisense RIα promoted DNA repair processes. In contrast, the CRE transcription-factor decoy could not mimic these effects of antisense RIα. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that RIα antisense produces dual anticarcinogenic effects: (a) increasing DMBA detoxification in the liver by increasing phase II enzyme activities, increasing CRE-binding-protein phosphorylation and enhancing CRE- and Ap-1-directed transcription; and (b) activating DNA repair processes in the mammary gland by down-regulating PKA-I.
Changes in non-randomness in the expanding introduced avifauna of the world.

T. M. Blackburn (tim.blackburn@ioz.ac.uk), Inst. of Zoology, ZSL, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, UK. K. J. Gaston and M. Parnell,Biodiversity and Macroecology Group, Dept of Animal and Plant Sciences, Univ. of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK. (Present address ofM. P.: 38 Talbot Street, Sheffield, S2 2TG, UK.)The identities of bird species introduced to areas beyond the limits of their native geographic ranges have historicallydepended on a combination of societal demands for species with certain characteristics, and the availability of species forcapture, transport and release. However, both societal demands and availability have changed over time, which shouldalso change the characteristics of species more recently added to the list of introduced birds. Here, we quantify temporalchanges in selectivity of introduced bird species by comparing the characteristics of 423 species listed in the seminalcatalogue of introduced birds (Long, J. L. 1981. Introduced birds of the world. David and Charles, London) with thoseof 122 species that have been introduced but are not listed in Long (1981). We demonstrate differences between thesetwo groups of species in the frequencies with which different taxa are represented, in the geographic range sizes of species,and in their biogeographic regions of origin, but not in body mass. Both groups also differ from bird species in general interms of geographic range sizes, body masses, and taxonomic composition. We relate the observed differences in thecharacteristics of species listed or unlisted in Long (1981) to changes in the changes in attitudes, legislation and vectors oftransport relating to exotic species. We conclude by noting that the utility of published catalogues of introduced birdspecies is increasingly being eroded by the continued liberation and establishment of bird species.
Stay cool, travel far: cold‐acclimated oriental fruit moth females have enhanced flight performance but lay fewer eggs

Acclimation to a particular environment may provide organisms with advantages in that environment. In species with multiple generations per year, acclimation may cause life‐history traits to vary with season and between generations. We investigated flight performance, lifetime egg production, and longevity in relation to the temperature experienced during development and adulthood in the invasive moth pest Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). We found that females that developed at low temperature had good flight abilities when they were flown at low, intermediate, and high temperatures. At high temperature, females that developed at high temperature did not outperform females that developed at low temperature. Flight performance was generally poor at low ambient temperature. Our findings suggest a beneficial acclimation effect, occurring at low temperature. Nonetheless, there were potential costs of development at low temperature: development took longer, resulting in smaller females, which laid fewer eggs. Given temporal and spatial temperature variability in the field, dispersal potential should not be considered homogeneous within populations or across generations. Our results suggest that the most favourable time periods for female dispersal are at the beginning and towards the end of the host crop growing season, which has potential implications for monitoring the occurrence and range expansion of this invasive pest species.
Consumer Adoption Intentions Toward the Internet in China

ABSTRACT With the increasing growth of internet advertising revenues, it is important to understand what factors may have an impact on consumer intentions to adopt the Internet. This study investigates the effects of impersonal and interpersonal communication channels on consumer intentions to adopt the Internet. Through a stratified random sampling approach, a survey of 3,754 consumers in china was conducted. The structural equation model results suggest that demographic characteristics (age, education, personal income, household income); impersonal communication channels/mass media use (newspapers/magazines, television news); and personal communication channels (word of mouth, personal selling) influence consumer internet adoption intentions at home.
Chemical composition of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél., substrates and residue after cultivation

The cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius was carried out on different substrate: cotton waste (A) leaves of Cymbopogon citratus (B) and leaves of Panicum maximum Jacq. (C). The mushroom had a varied chemical composition; nevertheless they contained a good composition for to be used as a good source of protein for human kind. The results showed the higher protein content (29.19%) and fibre (9.0%) for the mushroom that were cultivated on cotton peel. The substrate composition and the residue composition after the mushroom harvest were: Protein for the substrate "A" (10.63% and 9.35%), "B" (7.87% and 4.24%) and "C" (7.55% and 5.90 %); Lipids "A" (4.17% and 2.03%), "B"(2.77% and 3.20%) and "C" (0.91% and 2.05%); Fibres "A" (49.02% and 37.02%), "B" (28.40% and 23.26%) and "C" (37.50% and 26.66%) respectively. The substrate "A" showed 0.048% of iron and "C" 0.14% of magnesium, 0.31% of potassium and 0.26% of calcium. In the substrate "B" the quantity of the minerals were very low in comparison to the other substrates. The residues after the harvest of mushroom could be used as fertiliser or as complement in the composition for animal feed.
cDNA Cloning and Expression of a Novel Human UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine

The glycosylation of serine and threonine residues during mucin-type O-linked protein glycosylation is carried out by a family of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-transferase). Previously two members, GalNAc-T1 and −T2, have been isolated and the genes cloned and characterized. Here we report the cDNA cloning and expression of a novel GalNAc-transferase termed GalNAc-T3. The gene was isolated and cloned based on the identification of a GalNAc-transferase motif (61 amino acids) that is shared between GalNAc-T1 and −T2 as well as a homologous Caenorhabditis elegans gene. The cDNA sequence has a 633-amino acid coding region indicating a protein of 72.5 kDa with a type II domain structure. The overall amino acid sequence similarity with GalNAc-T1 and −T2 is approximately 45%; 12 cysteine residues that are shared between GalNAc-T1 and −T2 are also found in GalNAc-T3. GalNAc-T3 was expressed as a soluble protein without the hydrophobic transmembrane domain in insect cells using a Baculo-virus vector, and the expressed GalNAc-transferase activity showed substrate specificity different from that previously reported for GalNAc-T1 and −T2. Northern analysis of human organs revealed a very restricted expression pattern of GalNAc-T3.
Traditional fermented sausage ‘Nem chua’ as a source of yeast biocatalysts efficient for the production of the aroma compound γ‐decalactone

Summary The yeast ecosystem of Nem chua, a Vietnamese traditional fermented sausage naturally rich in medium-chain-length lipid-derived flavouring compounds, was investigated to select biocatalysts able to produce the C10-fatty acid-derived aroma compound γ-decalactone. The total number of yeast was about 5 × 104 to 4 × 105 CFU g−1, and eighty four different species were identified from morphological, physiological and 26S rDNA characteristics, with Candida sake and Candida haemulonii being found in all samples. Six strains able to produce γ-decalactone from castor oil were selected, of which three Yarrowia lipolytica strains were able to produce between 1 and 2 g L−1 in our study. The strains produced the same amount from the acyl substrate under the form of ester or free fatty acid. Every strain degraded the product at the end of the culture. These high productions make them good candidates for industrial processes and confirm that traditional fermented foods are interesting bioresources for biocatalysts.
Depot- and Sex-Specific Differences in Human Leptin mRNA Expression: Implications for the Control of Regional Fat Distribution

Obese subjects with excess intra-abdominal fat deposition suffer greater adverse metabolic consequences than do similarly overweight subjects with a predominantly subcutaneous distribution of adiposity. Little is known about the factors regulating the regional distribution of body fat. Leptin is a recently characterized protein secreted by adipocytes that appears to provide a long-term hormonal feedback signal regulating fat mass. No systematic evaluation of site-related differences in human adipocyte leptin expression has been reported to date. Levels of leptin mRNA were examined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in adipocytes isolated from omental and subcutaneous adipose depots of nonobese and mildly obese individuals undergoing elective surgery. In all individuals studied (n = 24), leptin mRNA levels were higher in subcutaneous than in omental adipocytes (P < 0.0001). In contrast, there were no consistent site-specific differences in the expression of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA. The subcutaneous-toomental ratio of leptin mRNA expression was markedly higher in women (5.5 ± 1.1-fold) than in men (1.9 ± 0.2-fold) (P < 0.02). A significant relationship between BMI and leptin mRNA expression was demonstrable in the subcutaneous adipocytes of women (P < 0.006). Thus, leptin mRNA appears to be expressed predominantly by subcutaneous adipocytes, particularly in women. These findings suggest a possible role for leptin in the control of adipose tissue distribution and mass.