Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of cortisol and interleukin-10 gene expression patterns in exhaustive exercise

Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the zona fasciculate of the adrenal cortex in response to stress, whereas interleukin-10 is an important immunoregulatory cytokine which increases with exercise. Cortisol most often is viewed as having a counter-productive role in exercise. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish the critical role of cortisol during exercise. Moreover, the immunoregulatory role of interleukin-10 in limiting host immune response to stress was also investigated. The longitudinal study randomly selected twenty-five young apparently healthy students from the Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, aged 24.3 ± 3 years. The participating male undergraduate students were placed under resting and relaxed conditions for 48 hours prior to the test. Their blood pressures and pulse rates were taken and fasting blood sugar determined as a prerequisite screening before enlisting in the study. The subjects took part in an endurance race using the Bruce treadmill protocol for sub-maximal exercise for a maximum of 21 minutes. The target heart rate on the treadmill was 60 – 80 percent of the heart rate reserve. Blood samples were collected from the participants before commencement of the study, at 1 hour, 4 hours and 24 hours post exercise. Serum cortisol (nmol/L), troponin I (ng/ml), creatine kinase MM (ng/ml) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Interleukin-10 genes expression patterns were detected using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method. There was a significant increase in cortisol, troponin and creatine kinase MM level at 1 hour post exhaustive exercise when compared with pre-exercise stage (F = 6.032, P = 0.000), (F = 4.551, P = 0.000) and (F = 10.282, P = 0.000) respectively. The expression patterns of interleukin-10 genes were up-regulated at 4 hours post exercise and sustained till 24 hours post exercise (χ² = 50, P = 0.000). Post exercise stress activates the release of cortisol, and interleukin-10 genes to reinstate homeostasis through modulation of the immune response. Keywords : Homeostasis, immune response, interleukin-10 genes, cortisol, stress.
Teacher Candidate Mental Health and Mental Health Literacy.

Providing teacher candidates with a strong foundation in mental health literacy during their teacher education program is crucial in ensuring novice teachers are prepared to support the mental health needs of their students. In addition to responding to students, teacher candidates are typically at an age when mental health disorders are common and their personal mental health during the program also needs to be considered. In the current study, a survey was conducted with 375 teacher candidates in order to extend our understanding of the personal mental health and mental health literacy of pre-service teachers. Results showed that teacher candidate mental health was similar to the general population, with 77% reporting positive personal mental health. Teacher candidates did report high levels of stress. Teacher candidates had considerable personal and professional experience with mental health prior to starting the program and reported positive attitudes and moderate levels of knowledge about mental health disorders. Despite considerable experience and a positive perspective, teacher candidates did not feel ready or competent to support the mental health of students. Current teacher education programs should consider building on the knowledge and experience the teacher candidates bring, and enhancing their capacity to translate that knowledge into the classroom setting.
EFFECTIVENESS OF LEARNING THE DIGITALIZED HISTOLOGY IMAGES IN PRACTICAL TEACHING FOR I YEAR MBBS STUDENTS

Source of Funding: Self Conflicts of interest: None DOI: 10.16965/ijims.2017. 108 Introduction: Histology course for I MBBS students includes more than sixty two histological sections which need to be taught in limited time allotted for histology laboratory. Learning to recognize and appreciate the histological features remain a difficult and time-consuming task for many.To improve the identification skills of the students, hence we introduced a module containing digital histology slides.
Imaging of the helical arrangement of cellulose fibrils in wood by synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction

A complete image of the helical arrangement of cellulose fibrils in the S2 layer of adjacent wood cells of Picea abies (Norwegian spruce) was obtained by applying position-resolved synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction on cells in cross section. In contrast to conventional fiber diffraction studies, the incident beam was parallel to the longitudinal cell axis, resulting in a glancing angle μ far from 90° with respect to the cellulose fibrils. This special choice of diffraction geometry allowed us to take advantage of an asymmetry effect in the two-dimensional diffraction patterns arising from the curvature of the Ewald sphere to obtain information on the local orientation of the cellulose fibrils. The small size of the beam, smaller than the thickness of a single cell wall, allowed mesh scans over intact transverse sections of adjacent wood cells with a microscopic position resolution. The scan yielded a map of diffraction patterns that could readily serve as a microscopic image. Each of the diffraction patterns was then used to evaluate the local orientation of the cellulose fibrils at the actual beam position. The combination of these results gave an image of cellulose fibrils forming (Z) helices in several adjacent wood cells.
From Walrasian Oligopolies to Natural Monopoly: an Evolutionary Model of Market Structure .

We study a market for a homogeneous good in which firms adjust theirproduction decisions on the basis of imitation, learning from own experience, and local experimentation.For any fixed set of firms (more than one), long run behavior settles on a symmetric marginal-cost pricingequlibrium. When market entry and exit are allowed, we find a sharp effect of technology onlongrun market structure. Specifically, we show that, under decreasing returns and some fixed cost,the market grows to full capacity at Walrasian equlibrium; on the other hand, if returns areincreasing, the unique long run outcome involves a profit-maximizing monopolist.
EFFICIENCY OF SLOW-ACTING FERTILIZER IN THE INTEGRATED CULTIVATION

The study aimed to assess the suitability of slow-acting fertilizer in cultivation of Chinese cabbage in the integrated production system. The assumed objective was realized on the basis of a strict field experiment set up on the soil with granulometric composition of medium loam. The test plant was Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.), 'Parkin F1' cv. The experiment was set up on 17.08. 2011 and the plants were harvested on 08.10. 2011. The experimental factor was diversified fertilization. The cultivation and protection of the plants were conducted on the basis of methodology of Chinese cabbage integrated production approved by the Main Inspector for Plant Protection and Seed Science. Traditional fertilizers (triple superphosphate, potassium salt and ammonium nitrate) and NPKCaMg (18-05-10-4-2) multi-component fertilizer with nutrient slow-release were applied. The experiment comprised 8 fertilization variants and the control treatment. Doses of phosphorus and potassium, meeting the plants requirements at assumed yield amount, were applied in all fertilization variants. Nitrogen fertilization on subsequent objects differed both with the form and quantity of applied element. On the basis of the results obtained in conducted experiments, the indices showing nitrogen fertilization efficiency were computed: agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity, physiological efficiency, nitrogen recovery efficiency and removal efficiency. Fertilization significantly modified the quantity of obtained yield. On the control, without mineral fertilization, the crop yield was 44.22 Mg ha -1 . The largest yield, 120.7 Mg ha -1 , was obtained on the object with an admixture of 400 kg of slow-acting fertilizer, 89 kg of triple superphosphate and 177 kg of potassium salt. The best optimal values of fertilization efficiency were obtained in the objects where 400 and 500 kg ha -1 of slow-acting fertilizer and full doses of phosphorus and potassium were applied. Computed indices of fertilization efficiency indicate that optimization of fertilization using slow-acting fertilizer, particularly in conditions of intensive cultivation, may improve fertilization efficiency several-fold in comparison with integrated production methods using traditional fertilizers. Results of conducted experiments show that optimization of fertilization in conditions of intensive production may enhance fertilizer nitrogen uptake by 50 % at maintained high crop yields, which greatly improves economic effectiveness of production and reduces the amount of biogens dispersed in the environment.
An Agent-Based Computational Approach to Explaining Persistent Spatial Unemployment Disparities

This paper explores possible reasons for persistent spatial unemployment disparities using agent-based computational methods. The method relies on observing the actions of thousands of individuals within an artificial society. The paper models the effect of unemployment insurance, wage disparities, region specific amenities and innate residential preferences on regional labour market interactions, accounting for both migration and commuting. An empirical example of Rogaland county in south-west Norway is given, where unemployment disparities have proved remarkably persistent for decades. The model provides non-trivial insight into the nature of spatial unemployment disparities as well as making a valuable contribution to the policy debate.
Experimental Evaluation of the Ultimate Bending Moment of a Thin Box Girder

The results of a four points bending test on a box girder are presented. The experiment is part of series of tests with similar configuration but different thickness and span between frames. The present work refers to the slenderest plate box girder with a plate’s thickness of 2 mm but with a short span between frames. The experiment includes initial loading cycles allowing for residual stresses relief. The moment curvature relationship is established for a large range of curvature. The ultimate bending moment of the box is evaluated and compared with the first yield moment and the plastic moment allowing the evaluation of the efficiency of the structure. The post buckling behavior and collapse mode are characterized. Comparison of the experiment with a progressive collapse method is made taking into consideration the effect of residual stresses on envelop of the moment curvature curve of the structure.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
On the accuracy assessment of the consecutive releases of GOCE-basedGGMs over the area of Poland

Since ESA released to the public domain the first Global Geopotential Model (GGM) based on GOCE satellite mission data, an extensive validation/evaluation of those models has been conducted worldwide to assess their accuracy. The paper provides an accuracy assessment of 1 – 5 release GOCE-based GGMs developed with the use of the direct solution and the time-wise solution strategies over the area of Poland. Free-air gravity anomalies and height anomalies computed from those GGMs have been compared with the corresponding ones obtained from EGM08. Moreover, height anomalies determined from GOCEbased GGMs were compared with the corresponding ones obtained from three different GNSS/levelling data sets with the use of the spectral enhancement method. The results obtained reveal clear improvement for the consecutive releases of GOCE-based GGMs investigated. The 5 release GOCE-based GGM developed with the use of time-wise strategy shows the best performance. Its fit over the area of Poland to the terrestrial data in terms of the standard deviation is 0.84 mGal for gravity anomalies and in the range of 2.8 – 3.4 cm for height anomalies.
Estimation Of The Vocal Folds Vibration Fundamental Frequency by Higer Order Spectrum

Research studies carried out by many authors prove that a lot of information concerning the phonation activity of speech organ can be gathered by accurate determination of parameters related to the fundamental tone F0. It is also reckoned that the knowledge of acoustic parameters based on the measured time dependence of the source’s F0 parameter during the phonation process contains valuable information regarding larynx pathology, personal features as well as the physical and emotional condition of the speaker. At present many methods are applied for determination of the F0 function. The present work discusses the feasibility and accuracy of fundamental frequency determination based on Higher-Order Spectra Analysis (HOSA).
’ Responses to the Comments on the Manuscript “ A simulation of the large-scale drifting snow storm in a turbulent boundary layer ”

Responses to Comments of Editor: [Comment] Your revised version of manuscript will be accepted for publication in TC after some minor revisions are made. Please see the comments from the reviewer below. At this point I ask you to carefully proofread the manuscript and make any necessary correction, such as missing units etc. [Response1] Thank you for your recommendation. We have carefully proofread the manuscript according to your and reviewer comments. The missing units have been added, and the typos, acknowledgements, variables in equations and references have been updated in the revised manuscript.
On the Fluorescent, Steric and Electronic Factors Affecting the Detection of Metallic Ions Using an Imidazolyl-Phenolic Derived Fluorescent Probe

The imidazolyl-phenolic probe used at the present study has its photophysic properties regulated by a tautomeric equilibrium. After the absorption of a photon, an excited state intramolecular proton transfer process generates a ketonic species, responsible for the 440 nm emission (in CH3CN/H2O, 95:5, v/v). Addition of Cu, Al, Cr and Fe suppresses emission through a combination of dynamic and static-like quenching, as indicated by Stern-Volmer plots, with a higher sensitivity for Cu (KSV = 1.90 × 10 and 2.40 × 10 L mol, respectively, for Cu and Fe). The trivalent ions led to the formation of a locked-enol tautomer that emits at shorter wavelengths; this coordinated compound is also quenched at metallic ions concentrations above 20 μmol L, due to a collisional process. When compared to another imidazolyl-phenolic probe, experimental and simulated data revealed that fluorescent, steric and electronic effects regulate their sensitivity towards the ions.
The protective effects of ginseng plant extract (ginsana) and garlic powder against the bad effects of lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide on kidneys of female rats

Ginseng and garlic are well known plants which have anti oxidant effects. The present study investigates the protective effects of ginseng extract and garlic powder on the bad effects of lambda-cyhalothrin insecticides (LTC). Eighty female Wister rats divided into 4 groups as follow; group (1) control group, group (2) injected with(9.3 mg/kg b.wt) LTC alone, group (3) injected with(200 mg/kg b.wt) ginseng extract (G115) followed by (9.3 mg/kg b.wt) LTC, group (4) injected with (100 mg/kg b.wt) garlic extract (GA) followed by (9.3 mg/kg b.wt) LTC All groups were injected intraperitonialy for 15 days (as a short term) and 21 days (as along term). Histological examination of the kidney sections showed severe congestion, besides cloudy swelling in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, vacuolar degeneration with necrosis. In addition to edema in the bowman’s space, hypercellularity and destruction with renal casts detected in some of renal tubules in animal injected with LTC only for 15 days. While rats injected with LTC for 21 days revealed thickening and edematous in the wall of the blood vessels with proliferation in the endothelial cells, besides thrombosis and hemorrhage. Chronic interstitial nephritis in most rats and perivasculitis were detected. Kidneys of rats pretreated with ginseng followed by LTC for 15 days showed protective effect in the form of disappear of the edema of bowman’s space and cloudy swelling except some necrosis and slight congestion. Whereas 21 days showed high protective effects by reducing of cloudy swelling and necrosis. Garlic also diminished the pathological alterations in the kidneys but lower than ginseng. Histochemical observation revealed, increases in the protein inclusion in rats injected with (9.3 mg/kg b.wt) lambda-cyhalothrin alone in comparison with control, while ginseng and garlic groups almost have normal protein inclusion distributions to some extant.
'Would women leaders have prevented the global financial crisis?' Teaching critical thinking by questioning a question

'Would having more women in leadership have prevented the financial crisis? ' This question, raised in the popular media, can make effective fodder for teaching critical thinking within courses such as gender and economics, money and financial institutions, pluralist economics, or behavioural economics. While the question, as posed, demands an answer of 'Yes - sex differences in traits are important' or 'No - gender is irrelevant', students can be encouraged to question the question itself. The first part of this essay briefly reviews literature on the sameness-versus-difference debate, noting that the belief in exaggerated behavioural differences between men and women is not, in fact, empirically supported. But neither is gender irrelevant. The second part of this essay examines the important role of gender biases in the social construction of markets, and especially financial markets. Specific examples and tools that can be used when teaching about difference, similarity, and markets are discussed throughout.
Macrophyte classification in the Lower Paraná River floodplain: an object-based approach on multi-temporal COSMO-SkyMed X-band data

We propose a multi-temporal approach to discriminate macrophyte vegetation types in the Lower Parana River floodplain. During a low intensity flood pulse, seven X-Band COSMO-SkyMed HImage images were acquired, covering a nine-month period. The region was first segmented with a mean-shift segmentation method using the information from the complete temporal series. Next, objects were classified with the expectation maximization algorithm into spectral classes. These spectral classes were assigned to six information classes defined through field sampling: Bulrush marshes, Short broad-leaf marshes, Tall broad-leaf marshes, Short grasslands and grass marshes, Tall grasslands and grass marshes, and Water. Class interpretation was based on the backscatter dynamics in relation to plant coverage and to hydrometric level. We related backscattering coefficient changes to interaction mechanisms: mirror reflectance (water-covered areas), volume dispersion (emergent vegetation with medium backscatter) and double-bounce (emergent flooded vegetation with high backscatter when water is present). The accuracy of the obtained product was assesed by comparing it with 55 field samplings. Global accuracy was 71.2%, whereas Kappa index was 63.4%. This work points out the usefulness of X-Band data for flood monitoring and macrophyte vegetation type discrimination. In a mosaic of herbaceous wetlands, the dynamics associated with flood pulse may change within patches in different geomorphological settings and topographical positions. The knowledge on the relation between vegetation, local settings and floods is essential for interpreting and predicting how backscattering coefficients and other SAR-derivated parameters vary with flooding.
Design and optimisation of three-phase salient rotor wound field flux switching motor

Permanent magnet-free wound field flux switching machine (WFFSM) with a segmented rotor and non-overlapping windings is an attractive alternative for driving high torque density applications due to their low cost, high efficiency, high average torque and power. However, a rotor with segments makes the motor less robust and difficult to be assembled, while WFFSM with salient rotor and overlapping windings inherit high copper losses and less efficiency due to their long end-windings. This thesis deals with a novel structure of WFFSM employing a salient rotor with nonoverlapping field and armature windings on the stator and a presentation of an unexcited rotor. The non-overlapping winding arrangement on the stator consumes less copper material, thus improves the efficiency. Moreover, the salient rotor structure with high mechanical strength is suitable for high-speed operation. The design restrictions and specifications of the proposed motor are keep similar as WFFSM with a segmented rotor. The JMAG-Designer ver.14. 1 was used to verify the motor’s operating principle and performance characteristics. Three-phase configurations of WFFSM with non-overlap windings and salient rotor were studied, from the design features to performance analysis. For the three-phase operation, 11 topologies were feasible when employing a 12-tooth and 24-tooth stator. The subsequent optimisation work carried out using deterministic optimisation approach and Genetic Algorithm (GA) method to achieve the target average torque of 25.8 Nm and power of 6.49 kW. Designed and analysed by 2D and 3D finite element analysis (FEA), the optimised 12S-10P configuration had achieved high torque and power of 4.6% and 4.8% respectively, as compared to 12S-8P WFFSM with segmental rotor and non-overlapping windings. Moreover, the torque and power of the optimised design were also greater than 12S-8P WFFSM with salient rotor and overlapping windings. The 12S-14P topology had produced high average torque and power at low armature and field currents compared with all designs.
Stereochemistry of New Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds XIV. Potentiometric and Thermodynamic Studies of 5-(Phenylazo)-8-hydroxyquinolines and their Metal Complexes

A series of 5-(phenylazo)-8-hydroxyquinolines (HL1—HL6) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectra. Proton-ligand dissociation constants of 5-(phenylazo)-8- hydroxyquinoline derivatives and metal—ligand stability constants of their complexes with metal ions (La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Zr4+, Hf4+, and Th4+) have been determined potentiometrically in 0.1 M-KCl and 40 vol. % CH3OH—water mixture. The influence of substituents on the dissociation and stability constants was examined on the basis of the electron-repelling property of the substituent. The stability constants of the formed complexes increase in the order La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Zr4+, Hf4+, Th4+. The effect of temperature was studied and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS) were derived and discussed.
An element-set labelling a Cartesian product by measurable binary relations which leads to postulates of the theory of experience and chance as a theory of co~events

We introduce the set-theoretic language for the element-set labelling a Cartesian product by measurable binary relations intended for the labelling, or for the naming of parts and details of the construction that we are going to propose in the theory of experience and chance, or the theory of co~events that serve as mathematical models of events as dual pairs.