Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Machine and Deep Learning for Resource Allocation in Multi-Access Edge Computing: A Survey

With the rapid development of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and mobile communication technologies, Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) has emerged as a promising paradigm to extend cloud computing and storage capabilities to the edge of cellular networks, near to IoT devices. MEC enables IoT devices with limited battery capacity and computation/storage capabilities to execute their computation-intensive and latency-sensitive applications at the edge of the networks. However, to efficiently execute these applications in MEC systems, each task must be properly offloaded and scheduled onto the MEC servers. Additionally, the MEC servers may intelligently balance and share their computing resources to satisfy the application QoS and QoE. Therefore, effective resource allocation (RA) mechanisms in MEC are vital for ensuring its foreseen advantages. Recently, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) have emerged as key methods for many challenging aspects of MEC. Particularly, ML and DL play a crucial role in addressing the challenges of RA in MEC. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of ML/DL-based RA mechanisms in MEC. We first present tutorials that demonstrate the advantages of applying ML and DL in MEC. Then, we present enabling technologies for quickly running ML/DL training and inference in MEC. Afterward, we provide an in-depth survey of recent works that used ML/DL methods for RA in MEC from three aspects: (1) ML/DL-based methods for task offloading; (2) ML/DL-based methods for task scheduling; and (3) ML/DL-based methods for joint resource allocation. Finally, we discuss key challenges and future research directions of applying ML/DL for resource allocation in MEC networks.
The Copy Theory of movement and linearization of chains in the Minimalist Program

L'A. propose un resume de sa these qui developpe une version strictement minimaliste de la theorie du copiage du mouvement en eliminant les problemes conceptuels releves dans les analyses de Chomsky. Il tente notamment d'expliquer pourquoi seules les traces sont effacees pour la linearisation et pas les tetes de chaines. Ce resume est suivi d'un compte rendu redige par H.M. Gartner qui souligne les points forts et les faiblesses de la these
Comparative effect of Aspartame and Sodium Cyclamate on Lipid Profile, Histology and Biochemical Parameters of Kidney and Liver Function in Albino Rats

Aspartame and Sodium cyclamate are two synthetic sweeteners used extensively in developing world. The study aims to assess the comparative effect of these sweeteners on lipid profiles, biochemical parameters of liver and kidney function and histological changes. Twenty male albino rats were separated into 5 groups of 4 rats each. Group 1 were fed normal diet and water, whereas those in Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received 50 mg/kg sodium cyclamate, 500 mg/kg sodium cyclamate, 50 mg/kg aspartame, and 500 mg/kg aspartame, respectively. After 7 weeks, the animals were sacrificed; blood and tissue samples were taken to analyze lipid profiles, biochemical parameters, and histology. The results showed that rats administered with low and high doses of sweeteners had significant (P<0.05) increase in serum triglyceride (TG) (0.92±0.05 mg/dL to 1.95±0.04 mg/dL), total cholesterol (TC) (4.88±0.31mg/dL to 8.18±0.45 mg/dL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (3.59±0.26 mg/dL to 8.02±0.25 mg/dL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.76±0.05 mg/dL to 1.11±0.1 mg/dL), Creatinine (0.94±0.08 mg/dL to 1.77±0.04 mg/dL) and urea (42.35±2.43 mg/dL to 57.3±1.79 mg/dL) levels in the treated group compared to the control group. Significant increase (P<0.05) in AST (47.33±3.92 U/L to 158.01±5.07 U/L), ALP (76.80±8.58 U/L to 124.01±1.51 U/L) and ALT (12.87±2.64 U/L to 37.74±5.76 U/L) levels was also observed in experimental group compared to the control group. Moreover, high doses of sweeteners caused more histological abnormalities in rats. Sodium cyclamate and aspartame maybe harmful to kidney and liver especially when consumed at high dose for a long period.
Analytical approach to metal oxide resist modeling: exposure, bake, and network formation

Abstract. Metal oxide photoresists (MORs) have received attention for use in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithographic patterning, in which more established chemically amplified resists suffer from long blur lengths and low EUV absorptivity. To meet the demand for next-generation semiconductor devices, a thorough understanding of the physics behind MOR patterning is required to predict the outcome of arbitrary patterning schemes and to determine optimal process conditions. However, the ability to model and predict MORs through bake and development is still in early stages. We provide a modeling framework and associated analytical expressions that describe the behavior of MORs that have so far been described by kinetic Monte Carlo simulation approaches. We further extend the aforementioned analytical expressions to directly predict dose-to-gel transition energies for wet-developed MORs for arbitrary bake temperature and bake duration. Finally, we briefly compare our methodology using an in-house simulation program to patterning results from an experiment using Fractilia MetroLER™.
AppShot: A Conditional Deep Generative Model for Synthesizing Service-Level Mobile Traffic Snapshots at City Scale

Service-level mobile traffic data enables research studies and innovative applications with a potential to shape future service-oriented communication systems and beyond. However, real-world datasets reporting measurements at the individual service level are hard to access as such data is deemed commercially sensitive by operators. APPSHOT is a model for generating synthetic high-fidelity city-scale snapshots of service level mobile traffic. It can operate in any geographical region and relies solely on easily available spatial context information such as population density, thus allowing the generation of new and open traffic datasets for the research community. The design of APPSHOT is informed by an original characterization of service-level mobile traffic data. APPSHOT is a novel conditional GAN design instantiated by a convolutional neural network generator and two discriminators. The model features several other innovative mechanisms including multi-channel and overlapping patch based generation to address the unique challenges involved in generating mobile service traffic snapshots. Experiments with ground-truth data collected by a major European operator in multiple metropolitan areas show that APPSHOT can produce realistic network loads at the service level for areas where it has no prior traffic knowledge, and that such data can reliably support service-oriented networking studies.
Spherical opacity sampling model atmospheres for M-giants. I : Techniques, data and discussion

We present a new code for the calculation of static, spherically symmetric, opacity sampling model atmospheres in local thermodynamic equilibrium for cool giants and supergiants of spectral type M. Up-to-date data for line opacities have been included, with new calculated line lists for the TiO, VO and H 2 O molecules. This is the first time both sphericity and a realistic description (opacity sampling) of all opacity sources are used simultaneously for the calculation of cool stellar atmospheres and this results in a better agreement between calculated and observed fluxes and colours.
Autologous Platelet-Rich Growth Factor Reduces M1 Macrophages and Modulates Inflammatory Microenvironments to Promote Sciatic Nerve Regeneration

The failure of peripheral nerve regeneration is often associated with the inability to generate a permissive molecular and cellular microenvironment for nerve repair. Autologous therapies, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or its derivative platelet-rich growth factors (PRGF), may improve peripheral nerve regeneration via unknown mechanistic roles and actions in macrophage polarization. In the current study, we hypothesize that excessive and prolonged inflammation might result in the failure of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage transit to anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in large nerve defects. PRGF was used in vitro at the time the unpolarized macrophages (M0) macrophages were induced to M1 macrophages to observe if PRGF altered the secretion of cytokines and resulted in a phenotypic change. PRGF was also employed in the nerve conduit of a rat sciatic nerve transection model to identify alterations in macrophages that might influence excessive inflammation and nerve regeneration. PRGF administration reduced the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 in M0 macrophages. Increased CD206 substantiated the shift of pro-inflammatory cytokines to the M2 regenerative macrophage. Administration of PRGF in the nerve conduit after rat sciatic nerve transection promoted nerve regeneration by improving nerve gross morphology and its targeted gastrocnemius muscle mass. The regenerative markers were increased for regrown axons (protein gene product, PGP9.5), Schwann cells (S100β), and myelin basic protein (MBP) after 6 weeks of injury. The decreased expression of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and CD68+ M1 macrophages indicated that the inflammatory microenvironments were reduced in the PRGF-treated nerve tissue. The increase in RECA-positive cells suggested the PRGF also promoted angiogenesis during nerve regeneration. Taken together, these results indicate the potential role and clinical implication of autologous PRGF in regulating inflammatory microenvironments via macrophage polarization after nerve transection.
Coupling coefficient range extension technique for broadband branch-line coupler

Abstract In a conventional branch-line coupler (BLC), high coupling coefficients require very narrow lines, which results in high fabrication complexity and reduction in power handling capacity. In addition, changes in multiple design parameters are required to realize arbitrary coupling coefficients. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel broadband branch-line coupler that extends the range of arbitrary coupling coefficients. The proposed structure is also able to achieve different coupling through tuning only one design parameter, and therefore can be used as a tunable coupler. Closed-form design equations are presented for the synthesis of broadband BLCs based on the proposed structure. To validate the proposed structure and the corresponding design methodology, a variety of broadband BLCs with different coupling coefficients have been designed, fabricated, and measured. Measurements show that couplers with 6, 9, and 12 dB coupling coefficients provide wide fractional bandwidths of 49, 49, and 52%, respectively.
Canadian Resources on Cannabis Use and Fertility, Pregnancy, and Lactation: Scoping Review

Background Cannabis use among reproductive-aged Canadians is increasing, but our understanding of its impacts on fertility, pregnancy, and breast milk is still evolving. Despite the availability of many web-based resources, informed decision-making and patient counseling are challenging for expectant families and providers alike. Objective We aimed to conduct a scoping review of publicly available web-based Canadian resources to provide information on the effects of cannabis on fertility, pregnancy, and breast milk. Methods Following PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews), we systematically searched 8 databases between January 1, 2010, and November 30, 2020, and web pages of 71 Canadian obstetrical, government, and public health organizations. We included English resources discussing the effects of cannabis on fertility, pregnancy, breastfeeding, or the exposed fetus and infant. Epidemiological characteristics, readability, and content information were extracted and summarized. Results A total of 183 resources met our inclusion criteria. Resources included content for public audiences (163/183, 89.1%) and health care providers (HCPs; 31/183, 16.9%). The resources were authored by national-level (46/183, 25.1%), provincial or territorial (65/183, 35.5%), and regional (72/183, 39.3%) organizations. All provinces and territories had at least one resource attributed to them. The majority (125/183, 68.3%) were written at a >10 grade reading level, and a few (7/183, 3.8%) were available in languages other than English or French. The breadth of content on fertility (55/183, 30.1%), pregnancy (173/183, 94.5%), and breast milk or breastfeeding (133/183, 72.7%) varied across resources. Common themes included citing a need for more research into the effects of cannabis on reproductive health and recommending that patients avoid or discontinue cannabis use. Although resources for providers were consistent in recommending patient counseling, resources targeting the public were less likely to encourage seeking advice from HCPs (23/163, 14.1%). Conclusions Canadian resources consistently identify that there is no known safe amount of cannabis that can be consumed in the context of fertility, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. Areas of improvement include increasing readability and language accessibility and encouraging bidirectional communication between HCPs and patients. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045006
A 24-Gb/s/pin Single-Ended PAM-4 Receiver With 1-Tap Decision Feedback Equalizer Using Inverter-Based Summer for Memory Interfaces

Separate inverter-based summers for each eye are introduced into the decision feedback equalizer (DFE) of a single-ended four-level amplitude modulation (PAM-4) receiver for memory interfaces. The summers increase the input swing of the slicers while maintaining the advantages of inverter-based amplifiers with higher gain and lower power consumption than current-mode logic (CML) amplifiers. The high-gain summer can improve clock-to-Q delays of slicers in the PAM-4 DFE without increasing the power consumption of the slicers. This can alleviate the timing constraint that the DFE must meet to respond correctly to the previous data. The non-linear gain of the inverter-based structure can be ignored by using separate paths depending on each eye. A prototype chip was fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process. At 24 Gb/s, the DFE can achieve a bit error rate (BER) of 10−12 with an eye width of 100 mUI with −7.3 dB insertion loss at Nyquist frequency and the power efficiency of 0.73 pJ/b.
Fluid-solid interaction in the case of piping erosion: Validation of a SPH-ALE code

This paper presents a set of numerical simulations of different 2D boundary-value problems in order to validate a “smoothed-particle hydrodynamics”-“arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian” (SPH-ALE) code. This code is intended to be used to study, among other things, the problem of piping erosion in dams and dikes. The case of viscous fluid flows around a fixed cylinder was first examined. Different Reynolds numbers and different shapes for the cylinder were considered. The drag coefficient, lift coefficient, pressure coefficient, and Strouhal number were compared with previous studies from the literature. Next, a validation of the case of a Poiseuille flow between smooth pipe walls with Re = 100 was provided. The friction coefficient was computed and compared to existing analytical solutions.
Challenges and Opportunities of Very Light High-Performance Electric Drives for Aviation

The demand for alternative fueling methods to reduce the need for fossil fuels is not limited to the electrification of ground vehicles. More-electric and all-electric aircraft pose challenges, with extensive requirements in terms of power density, efficiency, safety, and environmental sustainability. This paper focuses on electrical machines and their components, especially for high-power applications like the main propulsion. The electrical machine is evaluated from different aspects, followed by a closer look at the components and materials to determine the suitability of the current standard materials and advanced technologies. Furthermore, the mechanical and thermal aspects are reviewed, including new and innovative concepts for the cooling of windings and for the use of additive manufacturing. Aircraft have special demands regarding weight and installation space. Following recent developments and looking ahead to the future, the need and the possibilities for light and efficient electrical machines are addressed. All of the approaches and developments presented lead to a better understanding of the challenges to be expected and highlight the upcoming opportunities in electrical machine design for the use of electric motors and generators in future aircraft. Several prototypes of electrical machines for smaller aircraft already exist, such as the electric drive of the Siemens powered Extra 330LE. The focus of this paper is to provide an overview of current technical possibilities and technical interrelations of high performance electric drives for aviation. A 1 MW drive is exemplified to present the possibilities for future drives for airplanes carrying a larger number of passengers. All presented techniques can also be applied to other drive power classes.
Setup for measuring the optical propagation time in matter

Optical propagation time in matter could reveal fruitful information, such as the velocity of light and the sample's refractive index. In this paper, we build a simple and robust setup for measuring the optical propagation time in matter for a known distance, the system uses high frequency square signal as the signal carrier, and a lock-in amplifier is employed to obtain the phase difference between the reference square signal and the other one penetrating the sample, in this way the optical time of flight in matter can be obtained by a background subtraction process. Primary experimental result confirms the feasibility of the newly proposed measuring theory, which can be used to measure easily in high-speed the speed of light and the refractive index of optical transparent material, compared with the currently popular measuring technique using oscilloscope, potential advantage of our proposed method employing lock-in amplifier is that high accuracy are promising, and in contrast with the presently most popular method for measuring the sample's refractive index based on the minimum deviation angle, superiority of our suggested method is the easy preparation of the sample, the convenient operability and the fast measuring speed.
Technical-economic studies about the effect of Nano-carbon black on asphalt mixtures

Nanomaterial have been considered as one of the new additives by researchers for use in asphalt pavement. In this study, economic analysis along with technical analysis of the effect of different percentages of Nano carbon black on a 1 km long road was evaluated. The results showed that the addition of Nano carbon black to the asphalt mixture in low percentages reduced the Marshall stability due to the lack of proper bonding between bitumen and Nano carbon black. By increasing the percentage of Nano carbon black in the asphalt mix, Marshall Stability increased. Also, Nano carbon black has clearly shown potential for improving the permanent deformation resistance of the modified asphalt mixture. During the Marshall Quotient test, more than two times increase in rutting resistance has been observed by adding more than 10% Nano carbon black to the asphalt mixture. On the other hand, the results of economic analysis showed that the project has become uneconomic in different percentages; however, due to the positive effect of adding Nano carbon black on the technical properties of asphalt mixtures, it is recommended that Nano carbon black be used sparingly in areas where the pavement suffers from a lack of load-bearing capacity.
Optimization of Essential Oil Extraction from Bitter Leaf (Vernonia Amygdalina) by Using an Ultrasonic Method and Response Surface Methodology

Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) is a common bush or small tree that grows in tropical Africa. In the Ethiopian highland, the bitter leaf has been classified by the farmer as a versatile tree with high biomass yield and easy propagation. It is also well known in traditional medicine and nutritional use. The objective of this study was extraction and optimization of essential oil (EO) from the bitter leaf by using the ultrasonic extraction method and response surface methodology. The experiment was designed by Box–Behnken Design (BBD) with three factors to investigate the effect of sonication time (10 min to 30 min), ultrasonic power (100 to 200 W), and liquid-solid ratio (4 to 8 ml/g (ml of solvent per g of bitter leaf powder)). The significance of the process variables was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the quadratic model was fitted to the experimental results. Thus, the independent variables, sonication time, sonication power, liquid-solid ratio, and their interactions contributed a significant effect on the yield of extraction. As the result of RSM optimization, the best yield of EO was found at sonication time (17.263 min), sonication power (150.677 W), and liquid-solid ratio (6.811 ml/g). Experiments conducted under these conditions resulted in an EO yield of (4.185% g/g). The results exhibited that the RSM and BBD were effective for optimization of studied ultrasonic process variables for the maximum yield of EO from the bitter leaf (V. amygdalina).
End-to-End Pathological Speech Detection Using Wavelet Scattering Network

In recent years, developing robust systems for automatic detection of pathological speech has attracted increasing interest among researchers and clinicians. This study proposes an end-to-end approach based on wavelet scattering network (WSN) for detection of pathological speech. In the proposed approach, the WSN (which involves no learning) extracts suitable information from the input raw speech signal and this information is then passed through a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) in order to classify the speech signal as either healthy or pathological. The results show that the proposed approach outperformed a convolutional neural network (CNN) based end-to-end system in distinguishing pathological speech from healthy speech. Furthermore, the proposed system achieved comparable performance with a state-of-the-art traditional system based on hand-crafted features for uncompressed speech, but gave better performance than the traditional system for compressed speech of low bit rates.