Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting Salmonid Habitat–Flow Relationships for Streams from Western North America

Abstract One of the most widely applied methodologies for developing instream flow recommendations is the instream flow incremental methodology (IFIM) and its component microhabitat model, physical habitat simulation (PHABSIM). In this paper we reviewed over 1,500 habitat–flow curves obtained from 127 PHABSIM studies from western North America to develop predictions for flow needs for salmonids in this region and to test whether habitat–flow relationships for salmonids were related to watershed characteristics and geographic location. We present regressions that predict PHABSIM optima for four life history stages of four salmonid species and for all salmonid species in the database as a group, and we quantify the uncertainty in these estimates. Mean annual discharge (MAD) was the best predictor of optimum flow. The general form of the regressions was log e (optimum flow) = A × log e (MAD), where A < 1. Minor improvement in predictive power was sometimes possible with addition of latitude and longitude coo.
MLANS neural network for track before detect

We have developed a novel approach to enhancing surveillance system capabilities by combining surveillance functions and utilizing all the available information for each function. This approach is based on a previously developed MLANS neural network. The MLANS capability for fuzzy decision logic permits combining such functions as data correlation, detection, and track estimation, or sensor fusion and correlation. This paper considers the problem of concurrently performing detection, correlation, and track initiation for multiple objects in presence of noise or clutter returns. In this case the MLANS estimates track parameters while performing a fuzzy classification of all returns in multiple scans into multiple classes of tracks. <<ETX>>
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ADOPTION IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND

This paper presents the findings of research relating to electronic commerce adoption in the Asia-Pacific region (particularly in Australia and New Zealand). A survey questionnaire was used to gather opinions about the current status of electronic commerce in Australian and New Zealand organizations. The joint mail/web survey was conducted between September 1998 and February 1999. The focus of the survey was to investigate potential benefits of electronic commerce, potential barriers and risks in electronic commerce, and expectations regarding evolution of electronic commerce. The findings were compared with data from similar research carried out in Europe around the same time. Based upon the findings of the survey, recommendations for increasing the adoption rate of electronic commerce are presented.
Evaluation of the Audio Beat Tracking System BeatRoot

Abstract BeatRoot is an interactive beat tracking and metrical annotation system which has been used for several years in studies of performance timing. This paper describes improvements to the original system and a large-scale evaluation and analysis of the system's performance. The beat tracking algorithm remains largely unchanged: BeatRoot uses a multiple agent architecture which simultaneously considers several different hypotheses concerning the rate and placement of musical beats, resulting in accurate tracking of the beat, quick recovery from errors, and graceful degradation in cases where the beat is only weakly implied by the data. The original time domain onset detection algorithm, which caused problems for beat tracking music without prominent drums, has been replaced with a more robust onset detector based on spectral flux. Other new features include annotation of multiple metrical levels and phrase boundaries, as well as improvements in the user interface. The software has been rewritten entirely in Java, and it runs on all major operating systems. BeatRoot is evaluated on a new test set of 1360 musical excerpts from a wide range of Western musical styles, and the results are compared with other evaluations such as the MIREX 2006 Audio Beat Tracking Evaluation.
CHANGES IN SOIL AGGREGATION ASSOCIATED WITH TALLGRASS PRAIRIE RESTORATION

To investigate the dynamics of soil aggregation associated with the restoration of cultivated soil to tallgrass prairie, changes in soil aggregation and above ground production were compared in a corn field, restored prairie plantings of various ages (second, fifth, eighth, and eleventh growing season), and an uncultivated prairie remnant. The restored prairie was also compared with a long-term (fourteenth growing season) ungrazed pasture dominated by Eurasian grasses. All plots were located on similar soils. The regression model, Y = 95.8 - 56.2/X (R{sup 2}= 0.93), best described the relatively rapid recovery of water-stable soil aggregates > 0.2 mm diameter with time (in years) since cultivation. Similar models were also found to describe changes in the percentages of aggregates > 1 and > 2 mm diameter. Aggregates >0.2 and >2 mm diameter were more closely associated with prairie graminoids than with other vegetation categories. However, time without disturbance may be a more important factor in soil aggregate formation than vegetation type, but it was but it was difficult to separate the effects of these two factors in this study. The percentage of aggregates >0.2 mm diameter was found to be significantly higher (P = 0.0553) in the oldest restored prairie thanmore » in ungrazed pasture although the former had been cultivated more recently. This suggests that C{sub 4} prairie graminoids may confer some advantage over introduced C{sub 3} Eurasian grasses for the development for water-stable aggregates in soils of the Prairie Peninsula. « less
Inactivation of six genes from chromosomes VII and XIV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and basic phenotypic analysis of the mutant strains

Within the frame of the EUROFAN project, aimed at the functional analysis of the novel ORFs revealed by the systematic sequencing of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, we have inactivated six ORFs encoding putative proteins with unknown function in the two S. cerevisiae strains FY1679 and W303‐1B. Five ORFs are located on chromosome VII (YGR250c, YGR251w, YGR260w, YGR262c, YGR263c) and one on chromosome XIV (YNL234w). The genes have been inactivated in the FY1679 strain by a strategy that makes use of deletion cassettes containing the kanMX4 module, which confers resistance to geneticin to yeast cells, and short flanking regions homologous to the target locus (SFH). Tetrad dissection of heterozygous mutants and basic phenotypic analysis of the spores revealed that ORF YGR251w is an essential gene, while the disruption of YGR262c causes a severe slow‐growth phenotype. Deletion of the remaining ORFs did not give rise to a detectable phenotype in the mutant strains. For each ORF we have cloned, in the pUG7 plasmid, a replacement cassette that possesses long flanking regions homologous to the target locus (LFH) and, in the pRS416 plasmid, the cognate wild‐type gene. The LFH replacement cassettes were used to inactivate the respective genes in the W303‐1B strain. This work has been performed in the framework of the B0 Consortium of the EUROFAN I project. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Mechanism(s) for UV-B Irradiation–Induced Glutathione Depletion in Cultured Human Keratinocytes¶

Abstract Glutathione (GSH) plays a central role in maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis and protection against oxidative injury. Ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation–induced GSH depletion is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of several cutaneous disorders. In this study, the molecular mechanism(s) of UV-B–induced GSH depletion was investigated in cultured human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. We found that UV-B irradiation caused GSH depletion in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HaCaT cells. The mechanistic studies showed that UV-B–induced GSH depletion did not result from the GSH efflux. UV-B irradiation appeared to cause a slight decrease in enzymatic activity of γ-glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), a rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis. UV-B irradiation resulted in the GCL cleavage through the activation of a caspase cascade. Inhibition of total caspase activity by the general caspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk, partially reversed the UV-B–induced GSH depletion. More importantly, we found that UV-B irradiation could dramatically decrease the cystine uptake through the functional inhibition of the system Xc−, a cystine transporter on the cell membrane. The results suggest that the inactivation of cystine transporter system Xc− was a major contributor to the UV-B–mediated decrease of GSH levels in human keratinocytes.
An Analysis of Consumer Search and Buying Behaviour in the US Airline Industry using Big Data

Online search and buying behaviour are analyzed using online panel data from ComScore, and passenger data from the Federal Aviation Authority in the US market. Most online activity is eservice. The online consideration set is measured longitudinally and the 2013 average is 2.46, which is a relatively narrow search process and different to theory predictions. The correlation between sales through all channels and online search is very high at 0.76, which demonstrates the importance of the online channel for search, as well as sales. The variability of the search and sales patterns is very low in the legacy airlines, and this demonstrates that consumers perceive little difference between the competitive offers of legacy airlines. Conversely, search and sales variability in SouthWest Airlines is significantly higher, which indicates a more active search process.
Model-Based Requirement Denition for Instrument Systems

Instrument systems such as imagers, radars, spectrometers, and radiometers are important to users in the astronomy, Earth science, defense, and intelligence communities. Relatively early in the development cycle, performance requirements are defined at the top level and allocated to various subsystems or components. This is a critical step, as poor requirement definition and resulting requirement instability has historically led to increased cost and, in some cases, program cancelation. Defining requirements for instrument systems is uniquely challenging in part due to the divide between system users (e.g. scientists) and system designers (e.g. engineers). The two groups frequently differ in terms of background, objectives, and priorities, and this disconnect often leads to difficulty in evaluating and resolving requirement trade-offs. The objective of this thesis is to develop a model-based approach to requirement definition that addresses the above challenges. The goal of the methodology is to map science objectives to a set of top-level engineering requirements in a manner that enables traceability in the requirement hierarchy and facilitates informed trades across the science/engineering interface. This is accomplished by casting the requirement definition process as an optimization problem. First, an executable instrument model is created to capture the forward mapping between engineering decisions and science capability. The model is then exercised to find an inverse mapping that produces multiple sets of top-level engineering requirements that all meet the performance objectives. A new heuristic optimization algorithm is developed to carry out this task efficiently and exhaustively. Termed the Level Set Genetic Algorithm (LSGA), this procedure identifies contours of equal performance in the design space using an elitepreserving selection operator to ensure convergence, together with a global diversity metric to ensure thorough exploration. LSGA is derivative-free, parallelizable, and compatible with mixed integer problems, making it applicable to a wide variety of modeling and simulation scenarios. As a case study, the model-based requirement definition methodology is applied to the Regolith X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (REXIS), an instrument currently in development at MIT and scheduled to launch on NASA’s OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample
Localization of BAI‐associated protein1/membrane‐associated guanylate kinase‐1 at adherens junctions in normal rat kidney cells: Polarized targeting mediated by the carboxyl‐terminal PDZ domains

Brain‐specific angiogenesis inhibitor (BAI)‐associated protein (BAP)1 (also called membrane‐associated guanylate kinase [MAGI]‐1) is composed of six PSD‐95/Dlg‐A/ZO‐1 (PDZ) domains, two WW domains, and one guanylate kinase (GK) domain. We previously reported that BAP1 is localized at tight junctions in Madine Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and intestinal epithelial cells. Here, we have determined the localization of BAP1 in normal rat kidney (NRK) cells that do not form tight junctions. BAP1 was colocalized with E‐cadherin along the lateral membrane, suggesting its localization at adherens junctions. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐BAP1 was distributed in the cytosol in separate NRK cells, and accumulated to the cell–cell contacts when NRK cells have contact with each other. The GFP‐BAP1 mutant containing either the first PDZ and GK domains or the WW and second PDZ domains was localized in the cytosol and the nucleus. The GFP‐BAP1 mutant containing the second to fourth PDZ domains was distributed in the cytosol. The construct containing the fifth and sixth PDZ domains was localized at the cell–cell contacts along the lateral membrane and slightly in the nucleus, whereas the construct lacking the fifth and sixth PDZ domains was localized in the cytosol and in the nucleus. BAP1 was tyrosine‐phosphorylated in vivo, but the tyrosine phosphorylation of BAP1 was not correlated with its localization. These results suggest that the signal in the carboxyl‐terminal PDZ domains functions dominantly in vivo to target BAP1 to the lateral membrane, although potential nuclear localization signals exist in the N‐terminal region of BAP1. J. Cell. Physiol. 185:358–365, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systemic Introduction to Technology Planning in the Context of Technology Competitiveness

The concept of a technolog y strateg y (TS) has been developing in the literature of Technology management since the 1970s. TS has been defined as a set of technology and related objectives, vari ant scenarios, technology roadmaps, targeting practices, and know-how aimed at an adequate specification of the desired long-term development of a technological system and related proc esses (R&D, supply, sales, control, service, etc.). This article has two main scientific goals. The first goal is to describe methodically the main specifics and forms of technology planning/TS through the comprehensive study of available professional literature. The second goal is to analyze the development of technology planning methods, based on the bibliometrical analysis of ScienceDirect database (1823-2013). Main goals, individual explanations, practical examples, statistics and graphical information should help explain how technology planning currently looks like, what are its main priorities and problems.
A congestion-driven placement improvement algorithm for large scale sea-of-gates arrays

A fast placement improvement algorithm for large scale gate arrays is reported. This algorithm consists of a new cell padding phase and a fast iterative improvement phase. To reduce local routing congestion on a chip, the padding phase virtually expands the size of cells in the congested regions and relocates all the cells to eliminate the cell overlap, preserving the relative cell position. We have developed a formula by which to estimate from the expanded cell sizes the congestion after the relocation in each region on a chip. Using this, the padding phase determines cell sizes that will equalize the congestion throughout a chip, by simulated annealing. The iterative improvement phase minimizes the well known objective function that takes the local congestion into account, but our algorithm is faster because of the use of a new gain estimation method for determining a better position to which to move a cell. The experimental results on large gate array designs indicate that the routability of cell placement is considerably improved by our algorithm.
Apoptose na depleção linfocitária induzida pela toxina T-2 em frangos de corte. Histomorfometria da bolsa de Fabricius

Estudou-se, pela histomorfometria da bolsa de Fabricio, o envolvimento da apoptose como mecanismo de deplecao linfocitaria em frangos de corte, apos ingestao de toxina T-2 de Fusarium sporotrichioides veiculada pela racao. Foram utilizados 42 pintos de um dia de idade, distribuidos ao acaso em tres grupos. O grupo tratado (n = 15) recebeu diariamente racao contaminada com 2,64 mg/kg da toxina T-2; o grupo residual (n = 12) recebeu racao contaminada por 7 ou 14 dias, passando a receber racao limpa (nao contaminada) na semana antecedente ao sacrificio. Um grupo controle (n = 15) recebeu racao nao contaminada. Aos 7, 14 e 21 dias de experimento cinco animais de cada um dos grupos controle e tratado e aos 14 e 21dias seis do grupo residual foram sacrificados, colhendo-se as bolsas de Fabricio (BF) para analise histomorfometrica e determinacao do indice apoptotico. As caracteristicas da apoptose foram confirmadas pela tecnica de marcacao in situ da fragmentacao do genoma (TUNEL) e pela eletroforese do DNA, em gel de agarose. As BF nos grupos tratado e residual, aos 14 e 21 dias, apresentaram deplecao linfocitaria de moderada a intensa e elevado indice apoptotico, significativamente maior do que do grupo controle (P<0,05). Os resultados permitem concluir que a apoptose esta envolvida no mecanismo da deplecao linfocitaria provocada pela toxina T-2, em frangos de corte.
Problems Determining the Phylogenetic Position of Echiurans and Pogonophorans with Limited Data

The phylogenetic position of Echiura and Pogonophora was recently reconsidered using 346 bp of elongation factor 1‐alpha (EF‐1α). On the basis of these results alone it was suggested that the relationships of Anne lida be reconsidered and that the systematics of the group changed accordingly. An examination of these data, however, reveals difficulties in the original analysis that relate to weighting and the relative inclusion or exclusion of available characters and of taxa. Wholesale revision of the systematics of Annelida or of groups therein awaits the availability of more comprehensive work.
SAPMS; Student Assessment Process Management System Enriched with Quality Factors

Computer's hardware and software development aided education field progresses more rapidly. Not only the computer is used in learning and assessment processes to add more attractiveness, but also it's used for better performance of educational system. But one of more defects was lacking in applying modern educational quality factors to both learning and assessment software. This paper presents a web based Student Assessment Process Management System (SAPMS). SAPMS provides a secured, attractive, easy to use and quality based assessment system. Our system is completely analyzed and designed using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). We also present the implementation of the core components of the SAPMS which performs the most important processes in the system. In addition to that a validation study for the system components is performed.
A high-efficiency CMOS voltage doubler

A charge pump cell is used to make a voltage doubler using improved serial switches. A complete power efficiency theory is presented which fits the measurements. The importance of capacitors is shown with plots of power efficiency versus load and stray capacitors. Several problems arising at low voltage or high frequency are developed and some optimizations are presented. The substrate current is totally suppressed by the technique of bulk commutation. A power efficiency of 95% has been reached using external capacitors. A fully integrated charge pump is also presented and shows a maximum power efficiency of 75%.
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF IRBESARTAN AND ATORVASTATIN BY FIRST ORDER DERIVATIVE SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD IN THEIR SYNTHETIC MIXTURE USE IN HYPERTENSION CONDITION

The fruit of Borassus flabellifer Linn. belonging to family Areaceae reported to be posses the antioxidant activity. The extracts have been also evaluated for antioxidant activity by using in-vitro methods DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1 picryl hydrazyl) and ABTS (2, 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay. The phytochemical analysis carried out revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolic compounds in the extracts.
Hydrazide-Containing Inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase†

Inhibitors of HIV integrase are currently being sought as potential new therapeutics for the treatment of AIDS. A large number of inhibitors discovered to date contain the o-bis-hydroxy catechol structure. In an effort to discover structural leads for the development of new HIV integrase inhibitors which do not rely on this potentially cytotoxic catechol substructure, NSC 310217 was identified using a three-point pharmacophore search based on its assigned structure N-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-N-(2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl)hydrazine (1). When a sample of NSC 310217 was obtained from the NCI repository, it was shown to exhibit potent inhibition of HIV-1 integrase (3‘-processing IC50 = 0.6 μg/mL). In work reported herein, we demonstrate that NSC 310217, rather than containing 1, which has no inhibitory potency against HIV-1 integrase, is comprised of roughly a 1:1 mixture of N-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-N‘-(2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl)hydrazine (6) and N,N‘-bis-salicylhydrazine 7, with all inhibitory potency residing with com.
Improve Link Failure Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

An ad hoc network is a mobile wireless network that has no fixed access point or centralized infrastructure as we discussed in introduction. Each node in the network also functions as a mobile router of data packets for other nodes. However, due to node mobility or node movement link broken in such networks are very often and render certain standard protocols inefficient resulting in wastage of power and loss in throughput. MANET supports multi hop routing where the nodes other than the source and the destination nodes also take part in packet forwarding from one end to the other end. This results in the energy consumption of the intermediate nodes even though they are not the actual sender or receiver of the data. The available battery power of the nodes decides the life time of the node as well as the whole network. Mobile ad hoc networking is a challenging task due to the frequent changes in network topology as well as the lack of wireless resources. As a result, routing in such networks experiences link failure more often. Hence, it is essential that a routing protocol for an ad hoc network considers the reasons for link failure to improve the routing performance. Link failure stems from node mobility and lack of network resources both resides in wireless medium and in nodes In this study we propose a p o w e r a w a r e r o u t i n g p r o t o c o l which has a n e w a s p e c t t o f i n d o u t p a t h b e t w e e n s o u r c e t o d e s t i n a t i o n a c c o r d i n g t o t o a v a i l a b l e p o w e r o f n o d e .
A packet voice/data access protocol for ring networks

An integrated access protocol is defined for token-ring local area networks supporting packet voice and data services. Voice and data cycles are defined, and a suitable mechanism is adopted to alternate the two cycles. Access to the network is guaranteed to all voice users during the former and to at least one data user during the latter. Voice packets have a variable size which is determined by the current traffic conditions, i.e. by the voice and data cycle durations. This allows the network performance to be optimized for the voice traffic. At the same time the access protocol is able to guarantee a minimum data bandwidth. The voice delay performance of this protocol is shown to be better than that of the standard token protocol. <<ETX>>