Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electron-Ion Coupling Mechanism to Construct Stable Output Performance Nanogenerator

Recently, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been promoted as an effective technique for ambient energy harvesting, given their large power density and high energy conversion efficiency. However, traditional TENGs based on the combination of triboelectrification effect and electrostatic induction have proven susceptible to environmental influence, which intensively restricts their application range. Herein, a new coupling mechanism based on electrostatic induction and ion conduction is proposed to construct flexible stable output performance TENGs (SOP-TENGs). The calcium chloride doped-cellulose nanofibril (CaCl2-CNF) film made of natural carrots was successfully introduced to realize this coupling, resulting from its intrinsic properties as natural nanofibril hydrogel serving as both triboelectric layer and electrode. The coupling of two conductive mechanisms of SOP-TENG was comprehensively investigated through electrical measurements, including the effects of moisture content, relative humidity, and electrode size. In contrast to the conventional hydrogel ionotronic TENGs that require moisture as the carrier for ion transfer and use a hydrogel layer as the electrode, the use of a CaCl2-CNF film (i.e., ion-doped natural hydrogel layer) as a friction layer in the proposed SOP-TENG effectively realizes a superstable electrical output under varying moisture contents and relative humidity due to the compound transfer mechanism of ions and electrons. This new working principle based on the coupling of electrostatic induction and ion conduction opens a wider range of applications for the hydrogel ionotronic TENGs, as the superstable electrical output enables them to be more widely applied in various complex environments to supply energy for low-power electronic devices.
Human-system Interfaces to Automatic Systems: Review Guidance and Technical Basis

Automation has become ubiquitous in modern complex systems and commercial nuclear power plants are no exception. Beyond the control of plant functions and systems, automation is applied to a wide range of additional functions including monitoring and detection, situation assessment, response planning, response implementation, and interface management. Automation has become a 'team player' supporting plant personnel in nearly all aspects of plant operation. In light of the increasing use and importance of automation in new and future plants, guidance is needed to enable the NRC staff to conduct safety reviews of the human factors engineering (HFE) aspects of modern automation. The objective of the research described in this report was to develop guidance for reviewing the operator's interface with automation. We first developed a characterization of the important HFE aspects of automation based on how it is implemented in current systems. The characterization included five dimensions: Level of automation, function of automation, modes of automation, flexibility of allocation, and reliability of automation. Next, we reviewed literature pertaining to the effects of these aspects of automation on human performance and the design of human-system interfaces (HSIs) for automation. Then, we used the technical basis established by the literature to develop designmore » review guidance. The guidance is divided into the following seven topics: Automation displays, interaction and control, automation modes, automation levels, adaptive automation, error tolerance and failure management, and HSI integration. In addition, we identified insights into the automaton design process, operator training, and operations. « less
Design of X‐band substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filter with dual high rejection

This article presents a bandpass substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filter with dual high rejection, using the topology with iris and the SIW resonators. The simulated results of this filter have shown that the passband is from 9.18 to 10.37 GHz while the insertion loss is −1.19 dB within 12.17% bandwidth around 9.775 GHz and input return loss in the passband is better than −15 dB, with high rejection of −57.04 dB at the frequency 8.81 GHz and a second rejection of −49.34 dB at the frequency 10.94 GHz. All the structures are designed on a single substrate of Arlon 25N permittivity 3.38. The compatibility with planar circuits is provided via a specific microstrip transition (microstrip tapered transitions). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1744–1752, 2015
An Evaluation of Organizational and Experience Factors Affecting the Perceived Transfer of U.S. Air Force Basic Combat Skills Training

Abstract : The United States Air Force is in a state of transformation. Due to ongoing operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, the focus of Basic Military Training is shifting to basic combat skills, or the skills needed to survive and operate in a hostile environment. In this study, basic combat skills training was evaluated using a number of training factors that potentially affect trainees' perception of training transfer, or their ability to apply the skills they learned in training on the job or in a hostile environment. The analysis used structural equation modeling to evaluate the paths between each of the factors and perceived training transfer. Of the factors analyzed, transfer enhancing activities and perceived utility were found to positively influence perceived training transfer for all training types, while organizational support for training was positive for Law of Armed Conflict training only. Deployment experience was positive for weapons training, but negative for Self-Aid and Buddy Care. Realistic job preview was positively related to training transfer, but was only significant with respect to Self-Aid and Buddy Care training. The results of this research may help enhance basic combat skills training and do so at little or no cost.
Evaluation of the Genetic Relationship between Longevity and Growth, Milk Yield and Fertility Traits in the Sahiwal Breed in Kenya

Direct selection for longevity results in improved health and fitness and even milk production of cows. However, longevity is lowly heritable and phenotypic information is obtained at the end of an animal’s life. Traits expressed early in life and which are favorably correlated to longevity can be useful in selecting for this trait. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic correlations between longevity and age at first calving, first lactation calving interval, number of services per conception, first lactation milk yield, and first parity lactation length. Heritability estimates for measures of longevity were also calculated. The measures of longevity were time between birth and last milking in days (Long1), time between first calving and last milking record in months (Long2), number of lactations initiated (Long3), and total number of days in lactation over all lactations (Long4), total milk yield over all lactations (kg) (Long5). A series of five-variate animal models were fitted to estimate the nature and magnitude of genetic and phenotypic correlations between each measure of longevity and the fertility and production traits. Genetic correlations between measures of longevity and age at first calving, calving interval and number of services per conception were negative ranging from −0.14 ± 0.05 to −0.96 ± 0.06, −0.06 ± 0.03 to −0.67 ± 0.08 and −0.02 ± 0.02 to −0.73 ± 0.34, respectively. Correlations between measures of longevity and first lactation milk yield ranged from 0.88 ± 0.01 to 0.97 ± 0.03. Those with first parity lactation length ranged from −0.10 to 0.72. Long1, Long4 and Long5, which measure time between birth and last milking day, total number of days in lactation over all lactations and total milk yield over all lactations (kg), respectively, had the highest heritability estimates. These three could How to cite this paper: Musingi, B.M. , Mahianyu, L.M. and Musingi, D.M. (2022) Evaluation of the Genetic Relationship between Longevity and Growth, Milk Yield and Fertility Traits in the Sahiwal Breed in Kenya. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 12, 16-35. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2022. 121002 Received: September 7, 2021 Accepted: November 7, 2021 Published: November 10, 2021 Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access B. M. Musingi et al. DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2022. 121002 17 Open Journal of Animal Sciences therefore be used to directly select for longevity. Among the traits studied, first lactation milk yield and age at first calving had the highest genetic correlation with measures of longevity. Therefore, first lactation milk yield and age at first calving could, therefore, be used to indirectly select for longevity.
Environmental testing

T o improve quality, the currently separate steps of " failure analysis " , " environmental test planning " , " environmental testing " , and " test results analysis " should be unified into one common activity. However, at present due to such reasons as the large number of types of specimen and the complexity of evaluation technology, engineers engaged in individual research in each field carry out these steps separately. Because of this, the persons doing the testing rarely are aware of the purpose of the test or its effectiveness. This series on environmental testing is for such persons as well as for those who have heard of " environmental testing " but aren't sure what it's all about. Our greatest hope for this series is that each and every issue be enjoyed by such readers and that it lead to the ability to better carry out their duties. We are presenting " What is Environmental Testing? " and " Temperature Testing " as the first articles in the series, to be followed by " Humidity Testing " and " Temperature Cycle Testing ". We hope you enjoy the articles.
Online Signature Verification Using Fully Connected Deep Neural Networks

: Biometric systems have been used in a wide range of applications. In this paper, we have introduced an online signature verification system using deep neural network models. The proposed system is designed to be used in a production environment and has accuracies on par with the state-of-the-art signature verification methods. It authenticates much faster than most of the existing signature verification systems (less than 2 seconds). To achieve better accuracies and faster training times, a feature vector with 42 features, both static and dynamic, is obtained from the signature sample. This feature vector is fed into the user identification model, which predicts the identity of the user with about 99% accuracy and based on this prediction, the user authentication model predicts if the signature is genuine or forged for that recognized user, with about 98% accuracy. The best possible accuracy achieved by the proposed system for 40 users is 97.5% and EER about 2%. The dataset from the Signature Verification Competition 2004 (SVC2004) was used to assess the performance of the proposed system. The results show that the proposed system competes with and even outperforms existing methods.
Comparison of the Effect of Hot and Thermo-Neutral Environments on Fat Oxidation during Post-Exercise Recovery in Exercise-Trained Obese Women: A Preliminary Report

Exercise training is recommended to promote energy expenditure. Fat utilization occurs during exercise and continues for an extended period of time after the exercise session. The environmental temperatures can influence whole body substrate oxidation. The present study aimed to address the impacts of environmental temperature on fat oxidation during post-exercise recovery in exercise-trained obese women. Eleven sedentary obese women (age: 18 - 50 y, BMI: 27.5 - 40 kg/m2) with regular menstruation participated in the study. All subjects underwent a 4-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program. After training, each subject completed 2 occasions of post-exercise recovery testing in hot (31 - 32 °C) and thermo-neutral (22 - 23 °C) conditions in a randomized crossover fashion with 3 - 4 days of washout period. Two exercise bouts preceding each recovery condition were identically performed for 60 min at 60 % of heart rate reserve (HRreserve) in the thermo-neutral condition. Both experiments were conducted during the follicular phase of menstrual cycle. Substrate oxidations were determined during 1 h of post-exercise recovery using indirect calorimetry. The results showed that the fat oxidation during recovery in thermo-neutral environment (52.8 ± 26.5 mg.kg-1.h-1) was significantly greater than recovery in hot environment (32.3 ± 27.9 mg.kg-1.h-1, p = 0.0002). Total energy from substrate oxidation was not different between hot and thermo-neutral environments. Thus, in obese women with 4-week exercise training, recovery in the thermo-neutral condition has a higher fat oxidation than in the hot condition. This result may be implicated in weight management for temperature of choice to recover after routine exercise training sessions. HIGHLIGHTS Fat oxidation was greater during recovery in thermo-neutral environment after moderate-intensity exercise in trained obese women Recovery carbohydrate oxidation was greater in hot environment than in thermo-neutral environment after moderate-intensity exercise Energy expenditure from substrate oxidations during recovery in both thermo-neutral and hot environments were similar GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Requirements for transportation of fast pyrolysis bio-oil in Finland

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the requirements and challenges of pyrolysis oil's transportation in Finland. Pyrolysis oil is a new type of renewable liquid fuel that can be utilised in applications such as heat and electricity production. It has never been transported on a large scale in Finland. Possible options are transport by road, rail and waterway. The most significant requirements in its transportation are created by acidity and high density of pyrolysis oil, which impose requirements for the materials and transport equipment. The study described here shows that constant domestic transportation of pyrolysis oil is most reasonably operated with tank trucks. Rail-based transport may have potential for domestic fixed routes, and transport by water could be utilised in exporting. All transportation methods have limitations and advantages relative to each other. Ultimately, the production site and end-user's locations will determine the most suitable transport method.
Estimating Peak Demand for Beach Parking Spaces

The United States Army Corps of Engineers planning guidance stipulates that in order for local beach communities to qualify for Federal cost share funds for Hurricane and Storm Damage Reduction beach renourishment projects, the community must provide public beach access and parking to satisfy peak demand. This study presents a method for estimating peak demand for beach parking spaces in the presence of parking constraints. A Tobit regression model is developed to estimate the number of parking spaces that would be necessary to meet unconstrained demand on a given percentage of peak demand days. For example, the model can be used to estimate the number of parking spaces that would be adequate to meet peak demand on 90% of peak parking days. The Tobit model provides a promising framework for estimating peak parking demand under constrained parking conditions, a situation that characterizes most beach communities.
Energy Efficiency Enhanced Landing Strategy for Manned eVTOLs Using L1 Adaptive Control

A new landing strategy is presented for manned electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicles, using a roll maneuver to obtain a trajectory in the horizontal plane. This strategy rejects the altitude surging in the landing process, which is the fatal drawback of the conventional jumping strategy. The strategy leads to a smoother transition from the wing-borne mode to the thrust-borne mode, and has a higher energy efficiency, meaning a better flight experience and higher economic performance. To employ the strategy, a five-stage maneuver is designed, using the lateral maneuver instead of longitudinal climbing. Additionally, a control system based on L1 adaptive control theory is designed to assist manned driving or execute flight missions independently, consisting of the guidance logic, stability augmentation system and flight management unit. The strategy is verified with the ET120 platform, by Monte Carlo simulation for robustness and safety performance, and an experiment was performed to compare the benefits with conventional landing strategies. The results show that the performance of the control system is robust enough to reduce perturbation by at least 20% in all modeling parameters, and ensures consistent dynamic characteristics between different flight modes. Additionally, the strategy successfully avoids climbing during the landing process with a smooth trajectory, and reduces the energy consumed for landing by 64%.
Relationships between Coerced Sexting and Differentiation of Self: An Exploration of Protective Factors

Pressure to send sexually explicit messages, or ‘sexting coercion’ is associated with adverse mental health outcomes and sexual risk behaviors. This study explores Differentiation of Self (DoS) as a potential protective factor to reduce susceptibility to sexting coercion. A convenience sample of 399 Australian participants, aged 18 to 21 years (Mage = 19.63; SD = 1.14, 68.2% women) completed an online survey measuring sexting behaviors and DoS. Women were four times more likely to send willing unwanted sexts, and seven times more likely to engage in coerced unwanted sexting than men. Participants with low DoS were four times more likely to engage in coerced unwanted sexting. DoS significantly mediated the relationship between gender and coerced unwanted sexting. Results support the proposal of a sexting coercion typology encompassing discrete sub-types of sexting coercion. Results also indicate DoS may operate as a protective factor for young people in Australia, reducing compliance with sexting when coerced.
The Origins of Industrial Capitalism in India: Business Strategies and the Working Classes in Bombay, 1900-1940

1. Problems and perspectives 2. The setting: Bombay city and its hinterland 3. The structure and development of the labour market 4. Migration and the rural connections of Bombay's workers 5. Girangaon: the social organization of the working class neighbourhoods 6. The development of the cotton textile industry: a historical context 7. The workplace: labour and the organization of production in the cotton textile industry 8. Rationalizing work, standardizing labour: the limits of reform in the cotton textile industry 9. Epilogue: workers politics, class caste and nation.
Partnering a Compensatory Application with Activity-Aware Prompting to Improve Use in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND Compensatory aids can help mitigate the impact of progressive cognitive impairment on daily living. OBJECTIVE We evaluate whether the learning and sustained use of an Electronic Memory and Management Aid (EMMA) application can be augmented through a partnership with real-time, activity-aware transition-based prompting delivered by a smart home. METHODS Thirty-two adults who met criteria for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) were randomized to learn to use the EMMA app on its own (N = 17) or when partnered with smart home prompting (N = 15). The four-week, five-session manualized EMMA training was conducted individually in participant homes by trained clinicians. Monthly questionnaires were completed by phone with trained personnel blind to study hypotheses. EMMA data metrics were collected continuously for four months. For the partnered condition, activity-aware prompting was on during training and post-training months 1 and 3, and off during post-training month 2. RESULTS The analyzed aMCI sample included 15 EMMA-only and 14 partnered. Compared to the EMMA-only condition, by week four of training, participants in the partnered condition were engaging with EMMA more times daily and using more basic and advanced features. These advantages were maintained throughout the post-training phase with less loss of EMMA app use over time. There was little differential impact of the intervention on self-report primary (everyday functioning, quality of life) and secondary (coping, satisfaction with life) outcomes. CONCLUSION Activity-aware prompting technology enhanced acquisition, habit formation and long-term use of a digital device by individuals with aMCI. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03453554).
Schubfestigkeit von Mauerwerk aus Leichtbetonsteinen

Die Beanspruchbarkeit von Mauerwerkswänden in Wandebene bei Einwirkung von Windlasten und ggf. Erdbebenlasten (Scheibenschub) wird durch die Schubfestigkeit des Mauerwerks bestimmt. Die rechnerische Ermittlung der Schubfestigkeit erfolgt in DIN 1053‐1 im wesentlichen unter Bezug auf die Versagensfälle "Fugenversagen" und "Steinzugversagen". Experimentell kann die Schubfestigkeit an geschoßhohen Mauerwerkswänden ohne und mit Auflasteinfluß bestimmt werden. Über derartige Versuche an Mauerwerk aus Leichtbetonsteinen und den Vergleich der Versuchsergebnisse mit den nach DIN 1053‐1 errechneten Schubfestigkeitswerten wird im Folgenden berichtet. Der Vergleich zeigt, daß zumindest für dieses Mauerwerk erhebliche Festigkeitsreserven gegenüber den Bemessungsgleichungen in DIN 1053‐1 bestehen.
KNN-SC: Novel Spectral Clustering Algorithm Using k-nearest Neighbors

Spectral clustering is a well-known graph-theoretic clustering algorithm. Although spectral clustering has several desirable advantages (such as the capability of discovering non-convex clusters and applicability to any data type), it often leads to incorrect clustering results because of high sensitivity to noise points. In this study, we propose a robust spectral clustering algorithm known as KNN-SC that can discover exact clusters by decreasing the influence of noise points. To achieve this goal, we present a novel approach that filters out potential noise points by estimating the density difference between data points using k-nearest neighbors. In addition, we introduce a novel method for generating a similarity graph in which various densities of data points are effectively represented by expanding the nearest neighbor graph. Experimental results on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that KNN-SC achieves significant performance improvement over many state-of-the-art spectral clustering algorithms.
Human Aspects of Office Filing: Implications for the Electronic Office

The report summarises a survey of thirty office filing systems, and the factors which influence information storage and retrieval behaviour. Factors fall into three categories: information characteristics, dealing with features of information received; information organisation, which characterises users' access requirements; and conceptual considerations, which address the interaction of users' cognitive processes with externally stored information.