Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of the Severity of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat Ears on the Basis of Image and Spectral Feature Fusion

Fusarium head blight (FHB), one of the most prevalent and damaging infection diseases of wheat, affects quality and safety of associated food. In this study, to realize the early accurate monitoring of FHB, a diagnostic model of disease severity was proposed based on the fusion features of image and spectral features. First, the hyperspectral image of FHB infected in the range of the 400–1000 nm spectrum was collected, and the color parameters of wheat ear and spot region were segmented based on image features. Twelve sensitive bands were extracted using the successive projection algorithm, gray-scale co-occurrence matrix, and RGB color model. Four texture features were extracted from each feature band image as texture variables, and nine color feature variables were extracted from R, G, and B component images. Texture features with high correlation and color features were selected to participate in the final model building parameters via correlation analysis. Finally, the particle swarm optimization support vector machine (PSO-SVM) algorithm was used to build the model based on the diagnosis model of disease severity of FHB with different combinations of characteristic variables. The experimental results showed that the PSO-SVM model based on spectral and color feature fusion was optimal. Moreover, the accuracy of the training and prediction set was 95% and 92%, respectively. The method based on fusion features of image and spectral features can accurately and effectively diagnose the severity of FHB, thereby providing a technical basis for the timely and effective control of FHB and precise application of a pesticide.
Fingerprinting-Based Indoor Localization Using Interpolated Preprocessed CSI Phases and Bayesian Tracking

Indoor positioning using Wi-Fi signals is an economic technique. Its drawback is that multipath propagation distorts these signals, leading to an inaccurate localization. An approach to improve the positioning accuracy consists of using fingerprints based on channel state information (CSI). Following this line, we propose a new positioning method which consists of three stages. In the first stage, which is run during initialization, we build a model for the fingerprints of the environment in which we do localization. This model permits obtaining a precise interpolation of fingerprints at positions where a fingerprint measurement is not available. In the second stage, we use this model to obtain a preliminary position estimate based only on the fingerprint measured at the receiver’s location. Finally, in the third stage, we combine this preliminary estimation with the dynamical model of the receiver’s motion to obtain the final estimation. We compare the localization accuracy of the proposed method with other rival methods in two scenarios, namely, when fingerprints used for localization are similar to those used for initialization, and when they differ due to alterations in the environment. Our experiments show that the proposed method outperforms its rivals in both scenarios.
Support Vector Machine for Lung Adenocarcinoma Staging Through Variant Pathways

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors. How to effectively diagnose LUAD at an early stage and make an accurate judgement of the occurrence and progression of LUAD are still the focus of current research. Support vector machine (SVM) is one of the most effective methods for diagnosing LUAD of different stages. The study aimed to explore the dynamic change of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in different stages of LUAD, and to assess the risk of LUAD through DEGs enriched pathways and establish a diagnostic model based on SVM method. Based on TMN stages and gene expression profiles of 517 samples in TCGA-LUAD database, coefficient of variation (CV) combined with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to screen out feature genes in different TMN stages after data standardization. Unsupervised clustering analysis was conducted on samples and feature genes. The feature genes were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient to construct a co-expression network. Fisher exact test was conducted to verify the most enriched pathways, and the variation of each pathway in different stages was analyzed. SVM networks were trained and ROC curves were drawn based on the predicted results so as to evaluate the predictive effectiveness of the SVM model. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis results showed that almost all the samples in stage III/IV were clustered together, while samples in stage I/II were clustered together. The correlation of feature genes in different stages was different. In addition, with the increase of malignant degree of lung cancer, the average shortest path of the network gradually increased, while the closeness centrality gradually decreased. Finally, four feature pathways that could distinguish different stages of LUAD were obtained and the ability was tested by the SVM model with an accuracy of 91%. Functional level differences were quantified based on the expression of feature genes in lung cancer patients of different stages, so as to help the diagnosis and prediction of lung cancer. The accuracy of our model in differentiating between stage I/II and stage III/IV could reach 91%.
Spatial and temporal variability of nitrogen dynamics in an upland stream before and after a drought.

In the current study, we explore the spatial and temporal variability of ammonia, nitrate and urea dynamics in an upland stream before and after a major drying event, using short-term nitrogen additions to benthic chambers. The potential for an initial flush of mineral nitrogen from re-wetted sediments following a prolonged period of drying was also assessed. The distribution of dissolved nitrogen species at four sites spaced along a 1-km reach of the stream were quite variable over time but, in general, not between sites. Conversely, sediment nitrogen dynamics were spatially variable. For example, in one instance, sediments from the uppermost site were a net sink for ammonia, whereas the sediments immediately downstream (separated from the first site by a small sand bar) were a net source of ammonia; with measured sediment fluxes up to ~2 µg N m−2 s−1. In general, the short-term addition of nitrate, ammonia or urea did not substantially affect the sediment nitrogen dynamics. After ~3 months of in situ drying, upon re-wetting, the sediments from all sites immediately produced pulses of ammonia, nitrate and, to a substantially lesser extent, urea. The rates of release of nitrogen were spatially variable, with up to an order of magnitude difference in the rate of release of ammonia from re-wetted sediments from the same small pool. Some differences were observed between nitrogen dynamics before and after drying but a causal linkage could not be established.
Association of Iron Storage Markers with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Chinese Rural 6–12 Years Old Children: The 2010–2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey

Background: Elevated ferritin, which is often used to represent iron storage, is known to increase the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) or its components, but its increase is affected by many factors. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between other indicators of iron storage, and MetS and its components in order to fully understand the role of iron in the occurrence and development of these diseases. Although there are many studies to analyze the relationship involved in adults and adolescents, in children there is limited research. In this study, we aim to estimate the association of whole blood iron, ferritin, and total body iron with metabolic syndrome, and especially its components in Chinese rural children aged 6–12 years old. Method: A total of 1333 children aged 6–12 years old were enrolled from the 2010–2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey in this study. Markers of iron storage (whole blood iron, ferritin, and total body iron (TBI)) and MetS component parameters (waist, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and fast glycose) were collected. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the independent relationship between iron storage markers, and the incident of metabolic syndrome and its components. Results: After adjusting for age, gender, C-reactive protein (CRP), and body mass index (BMI), a negative association was found between whole blood iron, ferritin, and TBI and incidence of reduced HDL-C (odds ratio (OR) = 0.63, 0.49, and 0.57, respectively). The highest tertile of whole blood iron increased the risk of the incidence of hyperglycemia (OR = 1.74), while TBI decreased the risk by 61%. No significant association was found between ferritin tertiles and the incidence of hyperglycemia. Conclusion: An iron storage level within the normal range in children is associated with a risk of MetS components, especially in hyperglycemia and reduced HDL-C. The relationship between the three iron indexes and metabolic syndrome and its components is not completely consistent, which suggests that the underlying mechanism is complex and needs to be further explored.
Biochemical Characterization of the Wheat Waxy A Protein and Its Effect on Starch Properties

ABSTRACT Granule bound starch synthase1 (GBSS1) is a key enzyme in amylose biosynthesis and is encoded by the A, B and D GBSS1 wx loci in wheat. Wheat lines with mutations at the three GBSS1 loci have been identified. We have characterized and compared the grain starch of CDCW6 wheat line (null B and D for GBSS1) with PI235238 (null A and B for GBSS1), waxy (null A, B and D for GBSS1), and AC Reed (wild type wheat) grain starches. The grain starch of waxy, CDCW6, PI235238, and AC Reed lines contained ≈0, 12, 23, and 25% amylose (w/w), respectively. Waxy, partially waxy, and wild wheat grain starches showed significant differences in onset and peak transition temperatures as determined by differential scanning calorimetric analysis. Grain starches extracted from waxy, CDCW6, and PI235238 also had higher enthalpy of gelatinization values than did wild wheat starch. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the highest crystallinity for starch extracted from waxy wheat, followed by CDCW6. The starch produced from .
Peg-in-Hole Assembly Based on Six-Legged Robots with Visual Detecting and Force Sensing

Manipulators with multi degree-of-freedom (DOF) are widely used for the peg-in-hole task. Compared with manipulators, six-legged robots have better mobility performance apart from completing operational tasks. However, there are nearly no previous studies of six-legged robots performing the peg-in-hole task. In this article, a peg-in-hole approach for six-legged robots is studied and experimented with a six-parallel-legged robot. Firstly, we propose a method whereby a vision sensor and a force/torque (F/T) sensor can be used to explore the relative location between the hole and peg. According to the visual information, the robot can approach the hole. Next, based on the force feedback, the robot plans the trajectory in real time to mate the peg and hole. Then, during the insertion, admittance control is implemented to guarantee the smooth insertion. In addition, during the whole assembly process, the peg is held by the gripper and attached to the robot body. Connected to the body, the peg has sufficient workspace and six DOF to perform the assembly task. Finally, experiments were conducted to prove the suitability of the approach.
Time Course of Recovery for Performance Attributes and Circulating Markers of Muscle Damage Following a Rugby Union Match in Amateur Athletes

Background: We sought to determine the time course of changes in neuromuscular performance and muscle damage following a single rugby union match. Methods: Fourteen male amateur rugby players (28.9 ± 3.5 yrs; 1.7 ± 5.1 m; 86.1 ± 11.1 kg) participated. Plasma activity of creatine kinase ([CK]) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), L-run test (change of direction) and 30-m sprint (T30; speed) with 10-m lap time (T10; acceleration) were assessed on six occasions: one week before the match (PRE) and immediately, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-match. Results: Relative to PRE, LDH was elevated immediately post-match (+33.6% ± 13.6%; p < 0.001) and [CK] was elevated immediately (+64.1% ± 38.8%, p = 0.001) and 24 h post-match (+352% ± 317%; p = 0.024). L-run test time increased 16.0 ± 8.7% relative to PRE at 24 h post (p < 0.001) and remained elevated through 96 h post-match (p < 0.05). T10 and T30 times increased relative to PRE immediately post-match (+12.0% ± 10.4%, p = 0.008; and +6.1% ± 4.9%; p = 0.006, respectively), though T30 times were similar to baseline by 48 h post-match whereas T10 times remained elevated through 72 h post-match. Conclusions: A single, competitive rugby union match induces significant muscle damage and performance decrements with distinct time courses of recovery in amateur athletes. Notably, change of direction attributes (i.e., L-run) appear to have the longest time course to full recovery.
Secondary prevention for posttraumatic stress and related symptoms among women whohave experienced a recent sexual assault: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Women who have experienced a recent sexual assault (SA) are at high risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related conditions, with approximately half of women experiencing SA meeting criteria for PTSD. There are no guidelines for the prevention of PTSD and other common mental health disorders after SA. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to synthesize research on secondary preventions for PTSD after SA, determine efficacy whether any intervention seems promising, and ascertain when, how, and to whom interventions should be delivered.
Mediation and moderation effects of health system structure and process on the quality of mental health services in Ghana – structural equation modelling.

Introduction Incorporating consumers’ perspectives into the quality of mental health service measurement is a growing priority among mental health professionals’ and policymakers. Despite this, there is limited empirical evidence related to consumer perspectives of quality of mental health services. This study, therefore, aims to measure the mediation and moderation effects of health system structure and process on mental health quality in Ghana. Methods A random sample of 510 consumers were recruited to complete the Verona Satisfaction Scale (54-items), together with the WHO Disability Assessment Instrument (36 items) using the Redcap application. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling were used to test the hypothesised theory using STATA 15. Results The CFA showed that the hypothesised model had a good fit to the data. The findings confirmed the hypothesis that the process constructs mediate the relationship between the health system structure and the outcome of mental health services. Specifically, the health system structure had a positive and significant causal relationship with the mediator-process (β = 0.60; p<0.01) and outcome (β = 0.47; p<0.01). Additionally, the mediator-process had a positive causal relationship with the outcome of the mental health services (β = 0.32; p<0.01). Insurance status (β = 0.07; p>0.05) and type of services (β = 0.025; p>0.05) had a positive moderating effect on the relationship between health system structure and outcome but were not significant. Conclusion Improvements to mental health system structure and the process could promote the quality of services as experienced by consumers. Government stakeholders are encouraged to accordingly strengthen health systems with the aim of improving the mental health outcomes for consumers.
Mid- and Late-Life Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Global Brain Amyloid Burden: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)-PET Study.

BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) may slow the development of dementia by reducing the accumulation of amyloid. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that higher levels of leisure-time PA in mid- or late-life were associated with lower brain amyloid burden in late-life among 326 non-demented participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study of brain florbetapir positron emission tomography (ARIC-PET) ancillary. METHODS Self-reported PA was quantified using a past-year recall, interviewer-administered questionnaire in mid-life (1987-1989, aged 45-64 years) and late-life (2011-2013, aged 67-89 years). Continuous PA estimates were classified as 1) any leisure-time PA participation (yes/no); 2) meeting the 2018 United States' PA guidelines (yes/no); and 3) per 1 standard deviation (SD) higher metabolic equivalent of task (MET) minutes per week (MET·min·wk- 1). A brain magnetic resonance imaging scan with Florbetapir PET was performed in late-life. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) of elevated amyloid burden, defined as a global cortical standardized uptake value ratio (>1.2), compared to no elevated amyloid burden were estimated according to PA measures. RESULTS Among the 326 participants (mean age: 76 years, 42% male, 41% Black), 52% had elevated brain amyloid burden. Mid-life leisure-time PA did not show a statistically significant lower odds of elevated late-life amyloid burden (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.43-1.18). A 1 SD (970 MET. min. wk-1) higher PA level in mid-life was also not significantly associated withelevated amyloid burden (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.69-1.15). Similar estimates were observed for meeting versus not meeting PA guidelines in both mid- and late-life. CONCLUSION Self-reported higher mid- and late-life leisure-time PA were not significantly associated with lower amyloid burden. Data show a trend of an association, which is, however, imprecise, suggesting replication in larger studies.
An Alkanesulfonamide “Safety-Catch” Linker for Solid-Phase Synthesis

An alkanesulfonamide “safety-catch” linker has been developed for tethering carboxylic acids to support. Acylation of the sulfonamide support provides a support-bound N-acylsulfonamide that is stable to both basic and strongly nucleophilic reaction conditions. At the end of a solid-phase synthesis sequence, treatment with iodoacetonitrile provides N-cyanomethyl derivatives that can be cleaved by nucleophiles under mild reaction conditions to release the target compounds. Coupling conditions have been developed to load Boc- and Fmoc-amino acids to the alkanesulfonamide resin with high loading efficiencies and minimal racemization. A number of support-bound amino acids incorporating diverse side-chain functionality have been subjected to a short synthesis sequence, followed by iodoacetonitrile activation and nucleophilic displacement to provide dipeptide products. All 20 of the proteinogenic amino acids, when suitably protected, are compatible with the loading and activation steps. Finally, displacement wit.
Expression of GAP-43 mRNA in the Adult Carp Central Nervous System

Abstract The distribution of neurons which express the gene for the growth-associated protein, GAP-43, in the adult carp central nervous system (CNS) was studied by in situ hybridization using newly formed RNA probes for carp GAP-43 mRNA. A great number of neurons heavily labeled by the 35S-labeled antisense probe were found in the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, optic tectum, pontine area, medulla oblongata and spinal cord. Motoneurons of the cranial nerves, i.e., the oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal and spinal motor nerves, also strongly expressed GAP-43 mRNA, in contrast to the low level of GAP-43 signals in the motoneurons in the adult mammalian CNS. These results suggested that synaptogenesis and continuous synaptic reorganization might normally occur in the adult carp nervous system, since GAP-43 protein is generally accepted to be essential for the dynamic growth of axonal processes which leads to synaptogenesis. In the mature skeletal muscle of the adult carp, a number of small-sized neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), which were visualized with acetylcholinesterase (AchE) histochemistry, were detected on each muscle fiber. This polyinnervation pattern was similar to that of the immature muscle of mammalian embryos. These findings indicate that, unlike mammalian muscles, maturation of carp muscles is not accompanied by the synapse elimination which is thought to be coupled with the down-regulation of motoneuron GAP-43. NMJs of the adult carp muscle are supposed to be continuously reorganized, keeping the motoneurons expressing GAP-43. The expression of GAP-43 under physiological conditions in the adult carp CNS may facilitate axonal regeneration in various kinds of carp CNS neurons.
Evolutionary divergence of photoprotection in the green algal lineage: a plant‐like violaxanthin de‐epoxidase enzyme activates the xanthophyll cycle in the green alga Chlorella vulgaris modulating photoprotection

Summary The xanthophyll cycle is the metabolic process by which the carotenoid violaxanthin is de‐epoxidated to zeaxanthin, a xanthophyll with a crucial photoprotective role in higher plants and mosses. The role of zeaxanthin is still unclear in green algae, and a peculiar violaxanthin de‐epoxidating enzyme was found in the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Here, we investigated the molecular details and functions of the xanthophyll cycle in the case of Chlorella vulgaris, one of the green algae most considered for industrial cultivation, where resistance to high light stress is a prerequisite for sustainable biomass production. Identification of the violaxanthin de‐epoxidase enzyme in C. vulgaris was performed by genome mining and in vitro analysis of the catalytic activity of the gene product identified. The photoprotective role of zeaxanthin was then investigated in vivo and in isolated pigment‐binding complexes. The results obtained demonstrate the functioning, even though with a different pH sensitivity, of a plant‐like violaxanthin de‐epoxidase enzyme in C. vulgaris. Differently from C. reinhardtii, zeaxanthin accumulation in C. vulgaris was found to be crucial for photoprotective quenching of excitation energy harvested by both photosystem I and II. These findings demonstrate an evolutionary divergence of photoprotective mechanisms among Chlorophyta.
Self-Report Motor Competence in Adolescents Aged 12–18 Years in Regional and Rural Victoria (Australia)

ABSTRACT Background: Poor motor skills are an increasing issue for adolescents in our local communities. In regional Victoria, almost 20% of children starting school in 2018 were considered at risk or developmentally vulnerable in the domain of physical health and wellbeing. Purpose: The aim of the current study was to examine factors (how adolescents perceive their fine and gross motor skills, activities of daily living, comparison to peers) of motor competence that may be important to adolescents in regional Victoria, Australia, using the Adolescent Motor Competence Questionnaire (AMCQ). Methods: A sample of 183 Australian adolescents ([138 females (Mage = 15.59 years, SD = 1.56); 45 males, (Mage = 15.82 years, SD = 1.95); 12–18 years old] completed the AMCQ. Results: The mean AMCQ score was 87.86 (SD = 7.55), with no significant difference between males (M = 89.67 SD = 7.29) and females [M = 87.28 SD = 7.56; t (181 = 1.86 p =.065)]. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA), extracted five factors (Eiqenvalue of 1.389) explaining 43.46% of variance, representing, Ball Skills and Kinesthesis; Activities of Daily Living; Fine Motor and Gross Motor; Proprioception and Exteroception; Public Performance. Conclusion: The results highlight key factors important in describing an adolescent’s motor competence within regional Victoria. With physical health a priority in local communities, understanding these factors is an important first, that which may inform development of physical activity interventions for adolescents.