Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Jupiter's polar ionospheric flows: High resolution mapping of spectral intensity and line‐of‐sight velocity of H3
+ ions

We present a detailed study of the H 3 + auroral emission at Jupiter, which uses data taken on 31 December 2012 with the long‐slit echelle spectrometer Cryogenic Infrared Echelle Spectrograph (European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope). The entire northern auroral region was observed using significantly more slit positions than previous studies, providing a highly detailed view of ionospheric flows, which were mapped onto polar projections. Previous observations of ionospheric flows in Jupiter's northern auroral ionosphere, using the long‐slit echelle spectrometer CSHELL (NASA Infrared Telescope Facility) to measure the Doppler‐shifted H 3 + ν 2 Q(1,0−) line at 3.953 μm, showed a strongly subrotating region that was nearly stationary in the inertial magnetic frame of reference, suggesting an interaction with the solar wind. In this work, we observe this stationary region coincident with a polar region with very weak infrared emission, typically described as the dark region in UV observations. Although our observations cannot determine the exact mechanisms of this coupling, the coincidence between solar wind controlled ionospheric flows and a region with very low auroral brightness may provide new insights into the nature of the solar wind coupling. We also detected a superrotating ionospheric flow measured both at and equatorward of the narrow bright portion of the main auroral emission. The origin of this flow remains uncertain. Additionally, we detect a strong velocity shear poleward of the peak in brightness of the main auroral emission. This is in agreement with past models which predict that conductivity, as well as velocity shear, plays an important role in generating the main auroral emission.
THz SIS Mixer' Development for HIFI

Low-noise THz SIS mixers are needed for the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI). Based upon the success of past work, in which NbTiN/Si0 2 /A1 tuning circuits were shown to enable the development of low-noise 515 mixers for frequencies up to 1 THz, a new waveguide mixer design is shown to be suitable for use in the 800-960 GHz band of HIFI. Potential modifications to this design that could improve its performance at higher frequencies are also discussed.
Numerical flow analysis on warpage of film insert molded parts with fiber reinforced polymer substrate

Non-uniform temperature distribution is developed in the thickness direction of the film insert molded (FIM) product during filling and cooling stages due to retardation of the heat transfer through the solid film. Since the non-uniform temperature distribution causes non-uniform shrinkage of the product after ejection and warpage is generated by the non-uniform shrinkage, warpage of the FIM specimen is larger than that of the injection molded specimen. A new mold design was suggested in this study in order to prevent warpage of FIM specimens. Warpage of FIM specimens obtained by using the new mold was smaller than that of FIM specimens obtained by using the conventional mold. Fiber reinforced polymer resins were also used as the substrate to prepare the FIM specimens. Warpage of the FIM specimens with the fiber composite substrate was reduced with increasing the fiber loadings. Warpage of the FIM specimens with carbon fiber (CF) reinforced PC (polycarbonate)/ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) blend was predicted by considering anisotropic material properties such as fiber orientation, thermal expansion coefficient, Poisson's ratio, and elastic modulus.
Design and Investigation of Optimal Cooling System for Operative Performance of PEM Fuel Cell

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is thermochemical-electrical device for clean energy utilization as a practical renewable energy resource. Among several types of fuel cells PEMFC has compact size, wide applications, integrated structure and controlled operation conditions for realistic performance. PEMFC operates within temperature range of (25-80 o C) and slightly above, which need special cooling system to maintain harmless thermal operation of the cell. In this simulation study a functional cooling system for PEMFC is proposed, designed and investigated for best PEMFC performance and efficiency. This system is examined for energetic outcome of PEMFC using different materials, geometry, working fluids, operating conditions, and thermal properties of cooling fluids. The results reveals that greatest efficiency of cooling system of PEMFC is associated to higher flow rate and thermal properties of cooling fluid like specific heat (C p ) and convection heat transfer coefficient (h), in addition to thermal emissivity ( ε ), thermal conductivity (k). Furthermore, the best cooling system efficiency range was 60% to 80% when Argon was used, and 40% to 55% for water, while the least range was 17% to 22% when air was used as a cooling medium.
Étale $K$-theory. II. Connections with algebraic $K$-theory

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Score-informed syllable segmentation for Jingju a cappella singing voice with Mel-frequency intensity profiles

This paper introduces a new unsupervised and score-informed method for the segmentation of singing voice into syllables. The main idea of the proposed method is to detect the syllable onset on a probability density function by incorporating a priori syllable duration derived from the score. Firstly, intensity profiles are used to exploit the characteristics of singing voice depending on the Mel-frequency regions. Then, the syllable onset probability density function is obtained by selecting candidates over the intensity profiles and weighted for the purpose of emphasizing the onset regions. Finally, the syllable duration distribution shaped by the score is incorporated into Viterbi decoding to determine the optimal sequence of onset time positions. The proposed method outperforms conventional methods for the segmentation of syllable on a jingju (also known as Peking or Beijing opera) a cappella dataset. An analysis is conducted on precision errors to provide direction for future improvement.
The Impact of Behavioral Complexity on Exploitative and Explorative Behavior among Owner-Managers of Smes in Malaysia

In this research we explore the effects of behavioral complexity on the development of exploitative and explorative behaviors. Structured questionnaires were collected among 183 owner-managers of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. The analysis of data carried out using SmartPLS 3.2. 3. The analysis reveals that collaborate and control behavioral role positively predicts exploitative behavior while collaborate, control and create behavioral role positively predicts explorative behaviors. This study contributes by providing a better understanding of how exploitative and explorative behaviors are influenced and developed on the individual level. The research postulates that support of such behaviors would ultimately promote ambidextrous behaviors resulting in long term survival for SMEs in Malaysia.
Changes in Friendships as a Result of Students' Transition from Grade Four to Grade Five of Primary School

The present ethnographic study deals with the transformation of social relationships in the course of students’ transition from grade four to grade five of primary school. The aim of the paper is to point out the existence of non-normative transitions that tend to be interpreted as hidden since they occur within a single institution and at a moment that is atypical in comparison with the typical normative transition from primary to lower secondary level. After multi-source data collection, the study presents the issue of students leaving for selective schools and at the same time draws attention to the strengthening effect of what is termed double leaving, which refers to a repeated change in class structure and a double strain on class climate. The study is also concerned with the period of adolescence during which the transition occurs. As a result of developmental characteristics, changes in friendships and the emergence of the first romantic relationships are encountered.
Discrete breathers in dc-biased Josephson-junction arrays

We propose a method to excite and detect a rotor localized mode ~rotobreather! in a Josephson-junction array biased by dc currents. In our numerical studies of the dynamics we have used experimentally realizable parameters and included self-inductances. We have uncovered two families of rotobreathers. Both types are stable under thermal fluctuations and exist for a broad range of array parameters and sizes including arrays as small as a single plaquette. We suggest a single Josephson-junction plaquette as an ideal system to experimentally investigate these solutions. @S0163-1829~99! 02821-0# The phenomenon of intrinsic localization @intrinsic localized modes or discrete breathers ~DB! # is a recent discovery in the subject of nonlinear dynamics. 1 DB are solutions to the dynamics of discrete extended systems for which energy is exponentially localized in space. They appear either as oscillator localized modes, for which a localized group of oscillators librate, or rotor localized modes or rotobreathers, for which a group of oscillators rotate while the others librate. 2 Recently, it has been found that DB are not restricted to periodic solutions but can also include more complex ~chaotic! dynamics. 3
ON NONLOCAL MODELING IN CONTINUUM MECHANICS

The objective of the paper is to provide an overview of nonlocal formulations for models of elastic solids. The author presents the physical foundations for nonlocal theories of continuum mechanics, followed by various analytical and numerical techniques. The characteristics and range of practical applications for the presented approaches are discussed. The results of numerical simulations for the selected case studies are provided to demonstrate the properties of the described methods. The paper is illustrated with outcomes from peridynamic analyses. Fatigue and axial stretching were simulated to show the capabilities of the developed numerical tools.
Genetic Variation in Adaptive Traits of Progenies of Lithuanian and Western European Populations of Fraxinus excelsior L

The study aimed at evaluating genetic features of populations and genetic variation of adaptive traits and RAPD markers of open pollination progenies from Lithuanian and western European populations of Fraxinus excelsior in field trials, established in three different provenance regions of Lithuania. Progenies of the Lithuanian populations had earlier bud flushing and better health condition than the progenies of western European populations in all three trials, but tree height was smaller (except the Ðilutë population). Genetic effects at population and family levels were significant for all traits studied. Although family variance component was not high reaching from 11.6 to 22.6%, the additive coefficient of genetic variation was high ranging from 30.3 to 36.8% in separate field trials. Genetic variation of adaptive traits and RAPD markers did not correlate in most populations, thus indicating its differing adaptive potential. The Ðakiai and Kupiðkis populations had high genetic variation of both in adaptive traits and in RAPD markers, while other populations had differing levels of genetic variation in RAPDs and adaptive traits. The genetic changes within population variation across sites were population specific. Such changes can alter adaptation, stability, and competitive ability of newly formed populations in a hardly predictive way.
Natural and management influences on freshwater inflows and salinity in the San Francisco Estuary at monthly to interannual scales

Understanding the processes controlling the physics, chemistry, and biology of the San Francisco Estuary and their relation to climate variability is complicated by the combined influence on freshwater inflows of natural variability and upstream management. To distinguish these influences, alterations of estuarine inflow due to major reservoirs and freshwater pumping in the watershed were inferred from available data. Effects on salinity were estimated by using reconstructed estuarine inflows corresponding to differing levels of impairment to drive a numerical salinity model. Both natural and management inflow and salinity signals show strong interannual variability. Management effects raise salinities during the wet season, with maximum influence in spring. While year‐to‐year variations in all signals are very large, natural interannual variability can greatly exceed the range of management effects on salinity in the estuary.
Quasistatic evolution models for thin plates arising as low energy Gamma-limits of finite plasticity

In this paper we deduce by {\Gamma}-convergence some partially and fully linearized quasistatic evolution models for thin plates, in the framework of finite plasticity. Denoting by {\epsilon} the thickness of the plate, we study the case where the scaling factor of the elasto- plastic energy is of order {\epsilon}^ (2{\alpha}-2), with {\alpha}>=3. We show that solutions to the three- dimensional quasistatic evolution problems converge, as the thickness of the plate tends to zero, to a quasistatic evolution associated to a suitable reduced model depending on {\alpha}.
The effects of DNA methyl transferases on antiaging klotho gene expression

Several intracellular metabolic pathways in which multiple genes have a role affect the aging process. One important genetic factor associated with aging is klotho gene. In some recently published studies, klotho gene has also been associated with several types of cancer and identified as a tumor suppressor gene. Therefore, elucidation of the control of klotho gene expression has become more important. Results suggesting that the promoter region of human klotho gene could be epigenetically controlled by DNA methylation have been reported. In contrast, a study revealing whether a change in the expression level of DNMT enzymes in the cells affects klotho gene expression has not been found. Herein, the effects of DNMT3A and DNMT3B enzymes on the expression of klotho gene, an important genetic factor relating to the aging process and some human cancer types, were investigated. For this purpose, the expression levels of DNMT3A and DNMT3B in HEK293 cells were artificially changed, and the effect on klotho gene promoter activity was investigated using a reporter gene. The results of this research showed that DNMT enzymes have negative regulatory effects on klotho gene promoter organized as a chromatin structure, and they have an enhancing effect on promoter activity when it is located on plasmid DNA. These results elucidate the control mechanism of human klotho gene expression.
MODELING OF BRUSHLESS DOUBLY FED INDUCTION GENERATOR WITH CONVERTER CONTROL

The tremendous increase in the use of fossil fuels and rapid depletion of natural resources are lead to the alternative sources of energy which is environment friendly are renewable energy. There has been a great interest in wind energy in recent years because it is a potential source for electricity generation with minimal environmental impacts and with no cost of fuel. The usually used wind electric conversion system (WECS) based on Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) uses slip rings and brushes. Due to depreciation of the slip rings and brushes of generator maintenance is a major issue. Also it will be very difficult to access them in the case of offshore wind farm. So, Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (BDFIG) was proposed to replace the traditional DFIG. This paper deals with mathematical modeling of BDFIG based Wind Electric Generator (WEG) with converter control. Modeling is done for 5kW WEG with the help of mathematical equations governing each component using MATLAB simulink and the results are presented.
Protection against Dental Carries by Passive Immunization with Hen Egg Yolk Antibody Using Cell Associated Glucosyltransferase of Streptococcus mutans

Background: Dental caries is one of the most frequently encountered diseases. Of the oral bacteria, Streptococcus mutans is considered to be causative agent of dental caries in humans. Aim: This study aims at formulating a dental composition using Chicken Egg yolk Antibodies (IgY). Methodology: IgY was raised in 22 weeks old white leghorn chicken against CA-GTF antigen of Streptococcus mutans. The level of the antibody in serum was monitored and booster doses were given whenever necessary. The antibodies were purified from the egg yolk using PEG and Ammonium sulphate precipitation and DEAE cellulose ion exchange column chromatography. Results and discussion: High titre of more than 1:10000 antibodies were detected by Indirect ELISA at 150th day of observation. The IgY concentration in egg yolk was increased during the immunization period and reached maximum of 3.9 mg/ml. The minimum agglutination concentration of IgY against whole cell antigen of S. mutans was found to be 1:625. Similarly, when pre-immune IgY (control) were used no agglutination were observed. There was a decrease in Streptococcus mutans growth with increasing concentration of antibodies (IgY). The growth was not distinct when 25 μg/ml of IgY was added to the culture. Similarly, GTF activity was quantified by phenol-sulfuric acid method. Conclusion: Total glucan synthesis by cell-associated GTF preparation from Streptococcus mutans was significantly inhibited by the addition of antibodies to CA-GTF. This raises the possibility of conferring passive protection against Streptococcus mutans-induced dental caries by using IgY from the eggs of the hens hyperimmune to Streptococcus mutans CA-GTF antigen. IgY specific to Streptococcus mutans can prevent the tooth decay by immobilizing bacteria and disabling bacteria’s ability to convert sugar into acid, thereby preventing dental caries.
Anthropogenic agent implicated as a prime driver of shift in precipitation in eastern China in the late 1970s

Abstract. Observation shows that eastern China experienced an interdecadal shift in the summer precipitation during the second half of the 20th century. The summer precipitation increased in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley, whereas it decreased in northern China. Here we use a coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model and multi-ensemble simulations to show that the interdecadal shift is mainly caused by the anthropogenic forcing. The rapidly increasing greenhouse gases induce a notable Indian Ocean warming, causing a westward shift of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and a southward displacement of the East Asia westerly jet (EAJ) on an interdecadal timescale, leading to more precipitation in Yangtze River valley. At the same time the surface cooling effects from the stronger convection, higher precipitation and rapidly increasing anthropogenic aerosols contribute to a reduced summer land–sea thermal contrast. Due to the changes in the WPSH, the EAJ and the land–sea thermal contrast, the East Asian summer monsoon weakened resulting in drought in northern China. Consequently, an anomalous precipitation pattern started to emerge over eastern China in the late 1970s. According to the model, the natural forcing played an opposite role in regulating the changes in WPSH and EAJ, and postponed the anthropogenically forced climate changes in eastern China. The Indian Ocean sea surface temperature is crucial to the response, and acts as a bridge to link the external forcings and East Asian summer climate together on a decadal and longer timescales. Our results further highlight the dominant roles of anthropogenic forcing agents in shaping interdecadal changes of the East Asian climate during the second half of the 20th century.
Solution of mechanical problems in fractured rock with the user-defined interface of COMSOL multiphysics

This paper presents the main concept and several key features of the user-defined interface of COMSOL Java API for the solution of mechanical problems in fractured rock. This commercial computational system based on FEM has yet to incorporate fractures in mechanical problems. Our aim is to solve a 2D mechanical problem with a fracture which is defined separately from finite-element discretization and the fracture properties are included through the constitutive laws. This will be performed based on the principles of the extended finite element method as a way of fracture description, enrichment functions for rock elements containing fractures, etc. We present an approach to describing a simple mechanical problem in COMSOL Java API together with a proposal of a solution method, and we also demonstrate the potential of COMSOL Java API for solving more complicated problems with fractures.
The Warm Glow of Restaurant Checkout Charity

Checkout charity is a phenomenon whereby frontline employees (or self-service technologies) solicit charitable donations from customers during the payment process. Despite its growing ubiquity, little is known about this salient aspect of the service experience. The present research examines checkout charity in the context of fast-food restaurants and finds that, when customers donate, they experience a “warm glow” that mediates a relationship between donating and store repatronage. Study 1 utilizes three scenario-based experiments to explore the phenomenon across different charities and different participant populations using both self-selection and random assignment designs. Study 2 replicates with a field study. Study 3 examines national store–level sales data from a fast-food chain and finds that checkout fund-raising, as a percentage of sales, predicts store revenue—a finding consistent with results of Studies 1 and 2. Managers often infer, quite correctly, that many consumers do not like being asked to donate. Paradoxically, our results suggest this ostensibly negative experience can increase service repatronage. For academics, these results add to a growing body of literature refuting the notion that small prosocial acts affect behavior by altering an individual’s self-concept.