Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Liming restores Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations in acidified Norwegian rivers

Acidification has exterminated or seriously reduced Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations in 40-45 Norwe- gian rivers. As this problem still exists, liming to restore salmon has been necessary, which now involves 21 of these riv- ers. Thirteen rivers were electrofished 1 year before liming and again 1-12 years later. There was a significant effect both of time after liming and status (e.g., formerly lost and reduced stocks) on the densities of both fry (age 0+) and parr (age ‡ 1+). However, the rate of increase in densities of young salmon in these two status categories was not significantly different in either age group. The development in parr densities suggests that more than 20 years of liming is required to restore salmon in rivers with lost native populations. Stocked rivers and rivers unaltered by hydropower developments gen- erally had higher fry densities and faster increase in parr densities. Annual rod catches of adult salmon increased signifi- cantly after liming started, reaching about 45 t after 10 years of treatment. This is 11%-12% of the current total catch of Atlantic salmon in all Norwegian rivers. Liming thus makes an important contribution to the restoration of salmon in for- merly acidified rivers. Resume´ : L'acidification a elimineou considerablement reduit les populations de saumons atlantiques (Salmo salar) dans 40-45 rivieres de Norvege. Comme le probleme persiste, le chaulage reste necessaire pour restaurer le saumon et implique actuellement 21 de ces rivieres. Nous avons fait de la peche electrique dans 13 rivieres, 1 annee avant le chaulage et de nouveau 1-2 annees apres. Il y a un effet significatif ala fois du temps depuis le chaulage et du statut (par ex., un stock perdu ou reduit anterieurement) sur la densitedes alevins (age 0+) et des tacons (age ‡ 1+). Cependant, le taux d'augmen- tation des densites des jeunes saumons dans ces deux categories de statut n'est pas significativement different dans les deux groupes d'age. L'evolution des densites des tacons indique que plus de 20 ans de chaulage sont necessaires pour res- taurer le saumon dans les rivieres qui ont perdu leur population indigene de saumons. Les rivieres empoissonnees et celles non modifiees par le developpement d'installations hydroelectriques ont generalement des densites plus elevees d'alevins et une augmentation plus rapide des densites de tacons. Les captures annuelles de saumons adultes ala ligne ont augmente ´ de facon significative apresl e debut du chaulage, atteignant environ 45 t apres 10 annees de traitement. Cela represente 11-12 % des captures totales actuelles de saumons atlantiques dans toutes les rivieres de Norvege. Le chaulage apporte donc une importante contribution a la restauration des saumons dans les rivieres acidifiees anterieurement. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Evaluating the Electromyographical Signal During Symmetrical Load Lifting

Muscular problems account for almost half the cases of work absence, with the back being the region most involved (Kumar, 2011). Bending the trunk forward while performing domestic work or sports related activities is the cause of most back injuries (Fathallah et al., 1998). Small degrees of flexion of the trunk can be considered a medium to high risk factor of injury, mainly when the angle of the forward inclination is greater than 15 degrees and is combined with lifting activities. As the task of lifting objects from the ground exposes spinal structures to muscular-skeletal overload it has been consistently investigated (Simon, 1997). In addition, epidemiological research associates lifting to the risk of developing lumbar back pain (Ferguson & Marras, 1997; Dolan & Adams, 1998; Jager & Luttmann, 1999; Nachemson, 1999; Wilke et al., 1999; Burdorf, 2000; Kingma et al., 2001; Wilke et al., 2001; Ferguson et al., 2004). In the early 20th century, the scientific community was already studying back injuries, in particular low back pain (Ghormley, 1933), and its relation with the loads that affect the spine. Due to the invasive nature of measuring these internal loads, models employing indirect means of estimating the loads that act on the lumbar region of the spine during lifting activities began to appear in the 1940s (Wilke et al., 2001). The models found in the literature continue to be primarily concerned with the forces between the muscles, joints and ligaments in only one cross section of the lumbar region (Strait et al., 1947; Cheng, 1998; Gagnon, 2001). While considering the spine as a single rigid structure, these simplified models attempt to provide estimates of what occurs in the spine in situations such as lifting a weight. However, these models are far from representative of the functional anatomical reality of the spine, which consists of several articulated segments and a complex muscle anatomy. The growing interest in producing a more realistic model of the trunk and, consequently, the spine, may have inspired some anthropometric studies (De Leva, 1996; Erdmann, 1997; Zatsiorsky, 2002) to divide the trunk into two or more connected segments. Some models that split the spine into more than one segment are conceived using biomechanical techniques, such as the link segment model (LSM), surface electromyography (EMG) and inverse dynamics (Lariviere, 1999; Marras, 1997; La Torre, 2005). The EMG of the trunk muscles has been used as input for biomechanical models that attempt to indirectly estimate the forces acting on the spine (Granata, 1995; Arjmand, 2006).
The Antitrust Analysis of Multi-Sided Platform Businesses

This Chapter provides a survey of the economics literature on multi-sided platforms with particular focus on competition policy issues, including market definition, mergers, monopolization, and coordinated behavior. It provides a survey of the general industrial organization theory of multi-sided platforms and then considers various issues concerning the application of antitrust analysis to multi-sided platform businesses. It shows that it is not possible to know whether standard economic models, often relied on for antitrust analysis, apply to multi-sided platforms without explicitly considering the existence of multiple customer groups with interdependent demand. It summarizes many theoretical and empirical papers that demonstrate that a number of results for single-sided firms, which are the focus of much of the applied antitrust economics literature, do not apply directly to multi-sided platforms.
High Temperature Diffusion in AlxGa1-xN and P-Type AlGaN by Al4C3

The diffusion experiment of AlxGa1-xN (x = 0.00, 0.04, 0.45, 0.65, 0.86, 1.00) samples using a solid source of Al4C3 layer was performed by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (LP-MOVPE). The AlxGa1-xN (x≦0.45) samples were proven to be a p-type. In second ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analysis, the carbon profile is different from the simple complementary error function, but is the double of the complementary error function, meaning AlC or AlCO plus C. The diffusion length (L) was drastically decreased by increasing Al. The diffusion coefficient (D) was also calculated as a function of Al mole fraction.
Organizational Impacts due to ISO 9001 Certified Implementation on Brazilians Cardboard Companies

This paper presents the evaluation internal and external organizational impacts of a company that has adopted a total quality management system: ISO 9001 certification. Based on a case study, supported in bibliographic references in a cardboard sector company, the survey aims to measure and evaluate the basic concepts of quality and the certification benefits. Upon this study completion it was found that actually getting a certified ISO 9001 brings many organizational impacts and leads to overall the company improvement, as the management capacity and overall relationships, increase the customers and suppliers numbers and improved company image. So, that seeks evidence is the total quality management system influence.
An Overview of Design, Control, Power Management, System Stability and Reliability in Electric Ships

Abstract With the fast development of power electronics techniques, electrification of shipboard power systems (SPS) is an unstoppable trend, and the concepts of electric ships (ESs) and all-electric ships (AESs) emerge. In order to meet the constantly increasing electricity demand in SPS, the medium voltage direct current (MVDC) SPS becomes a promising shipboard electrical network architecture. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the design, control, power management, system stability and reliability in ESs. The most recent technologies and academic achievements in these fields are discussed. In the near future, it is possible that the electric propulsion technology will be widely applied to various types of ships.
TRAVEL TIME ESTIMATION USING SPATIO-TEMPORAL INDEX BASED ON CASSANDRA

Abstract. Travel time estimation plays an important role in traffic monitoring and route planning. Taxicabs equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) devices have been frequently used to monitor the traffic state, and GPS trajectories of taxicabs also used to estimate path travel time in an urban area. However, in most cases, it is difficult to find a trajectory that fits perfectly with the query path, as some road segments may be traveled by no taxicab in present time slot. This makes it hard to estimate the travel time of the query path. This paper proposes a framework to estimate the travel time of a path by using the GPS trajectories of taxicabs as well as map data sources. In this framework, the travel time is represented as a series of residence time in cells (one cell is the gird segmentation unit), thus the key issues of the estimation are: finding the local traffic patterns of frequently shared paths from historical data and computing the stay time in cells. There are three major processes in this framework: trajectories preprocessing, establishing the temporal-spatial index and cell-based travel time estimation. Based on the temporal-spatial index, an algorithm is developed that uses similar route patterns, the cell-based travel time over a period of history and road network information to estimate the travel time of a path. This paper uses GPS trajectories of 10,357 taxicabs over a period of one week to evaluate the framework. The results demonstrate that this paper’s method is effective and feasible in city-wide scenarios.
Examining political mobilization of online communities through e-petitioning behavior in We the People

This study aims to reveal patterns of e-petition co-signing behavior that are indicative of the political mobilization of online “communities”. We discuss the case of We the People, a US national experiment in the use of social media technology to enable users to propose and solicit support for policy suggestions to the White House. We apply Baumgartner and Jones's work on agenda setting and punctuated equilibrium, which suggests that policy issues may lie dormant for periods of time until some event triggers attention from the media, interest groups, and elected representatives. In the case study presented, we focus on 21 petitions initiated during the week after the Sandy Hook shooting (14–21 December 2012) in opposition to gun control or in support of policy proposals that are alternatives to gun control, which we view as mobilized efforts to maintain stability and equilibrium in a policy system threatening to change. Using market basket analysis and social network analysis we found a core group of petitions in the “support law-abiding gun owners” theme that were highly connected and four “communities” of e-petitioners mobilizing in opposition to change in gun control policies and in favor of alternative proposals.
Etude énergétique des instabilités thermo-acoustiques et optimisation génétique des cinétiques réduites.

Les chambres de combustion des turbines a gaz fonctionnent maintenant souvent dans un mode de combustion premelangee pauvre. Cette technologie s'est rendue indispensable pour limiter les emissions polluantes (en particulier les oxydes d'azote), et ainsi satisfaire aux normes antipollution. Neanmoins l'adoption de mode de combustion premelangee pauvre reduit considerablement la marge de stabilite de flammes en les rendant sensibles aux perturbations de l'ecoulement. L'apparition d'instabilites de combustion dans ces bruleurs est alors devenu un probleme recurrent pour les concepteurs. Les methodes de controle actif de ces instabilites ont permis de maintenir en fonctionnement les turbines d'ancienne generation convertie au mode premelange. La conception et la mise au point des nouvelles turbines doit s'affranchir de ces systemes de controle et offrir une stabilite naturelle par un dessin approprie. La prediction et l'etude des instabilites de combustion restent des champs ouverts de la recherche, car il est pour l'heure toujours impossible de garantir totalement la stabilite d'une chambre nouvellement concue. Les methodes de simulation instationnaires ont maintenant atteint un niveau de maturite qui leur permet de rendre compte des principaux phenomenes intervenant dans l'apparition d'instabilites de combustion. La simulation aux grandes echelles (LES) devient un outil de simulation precis et performant, capable de capturer les instabilites de combustion. Sa precision repose pour partie sur certains modeles. Pour cela, cette these traite en partie de la modelisation de la chimie. L'optimisation des schemas cinetiques permet d'obtenir la precision requise sur les taux de combustion dans les simulations reactives en geometrie complexe. En outre, cette etude met en avant la capacite de la LES reactive compressible a capturer des instabilites thermo-acoustiques. L'analyse du bilan energetique de l'acoustique met au premier plan l'importance de la prise en compte des impedances acoustiques aux entrees et sorties de la chambre.
Historical and present distribution of coyote (Canis latrans) in Mexico and Central America

Aim Coyote (Canis latrans) distribution in Mexico and Central America has expanded recently reaching the Yucatan peninsula, Belize and Panama, probably promoted by deforestation of tropical areas. Historically, the southern distribution of coyotes prior to European settlement in America was described as reaching only as far south as central Mexico and that introduction of livestock favoured migration of coyotes to southern Mexico and Central America. However, coyote fossil records in Central America and Yucatan, as well as observational records of travellers during the sixteenth century suggest that the coyote's arrival to the region was earlier. Because of the uncertainty of past coyote distribution and the possible economic and ecological impacts due to recent range expansion, the objectives of this study were to confirm if paleontological and historical evidence support the hypothesis that the southernmost limit of coyote distribution before the arrival of European settlers was the centre of Mexico, to discuss the possible factors that have influenced historical shifts in coyote distribution, and to model the present distribution of the coyote in Mexico and Central America, determining the areas where they could invade in the near future.
Prognostic value of biomarkers and co-morbidities in patients with acute heart failure: One-year follow-up study

Introduction/Objective Clinical risk stratification of patients hospitalized due to acute heart failure (AHF) applying B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), troponin I (TnI), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) biochemical markers can contribute to early diagnosis of AHF and lower mortality rates. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of biomarkers (BNP, TnI, and hsCRP) and co-morbidities concerning one-year mortality in patients with AHF. Methods Clinical group comprised 124 consecutive unselected patients, age 60–80 years, treated at the Coronary Care Unit of the Niška Banja Institute, Niš. The patients were monitored for one year after the discharge. During the first 24 hours after admission, BNP, TnI, and hsCRP were measured in fasting serum. Results Total one-year mortality was 29.8%. The levels of serum BNP were significantly higher in the group of non-survivors compared to the group of survivors (1353.8 ± 507.8 vs. 718.4 ± 387.6 pg/mL, p < 0.001). We identified several clinical and biochemical prognostic risk factors by univariate and multivariate analysis. Independent predictors of one-year mortality were the following: BNP, TnI, depression, hypotension, chronic renal failure, ejection fraction, and right-ventricle systolic pressure. Conclusion The presence of BNP and TnI biomarkers and several co-morbidities such as depression or chronic renal failure have significant influence on one-year mortality in patients with AHF.
Energy Scavenging for Wireless Sensor Nodes with a Focus on Vibration-to-Electricity Conversion

Energy Scavenging for Wireless Sensor Nodes with a Focus on Vibration to Electricity Conversion by Shadrach Joseph Roundy Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering University of California, Berkeley Professor Paul K. Wright, Chair The vast reduction in size and power consumption of CMOS circuitry has led to a large research effort based around the vision of ubiquitous networks of wireless communication nodes. As the networks, which are usually designed to run on batteries, increase in number and the devices decrease in size, the replacement of depleted batteries is not practical. Methods of scavenging ambient power for use by low power wireless electronic devices have been explored in an effort to make the wireless nodes and resulting wireless sensor networks indefinitely self-contained. After a broad survey of potential energy scavenging methods, the conversion of ambient vibrations to electricity was chosen as a method for further research. Converters based on both piezoelectric and electrostatic (capacitive) coupling were pursued. Both types of converters were carefully modeled. Designs were optimized based on the models developed within in total size constraint of 1 cm. Test results from the piezoelectric converters demonstrate power densities of about 200 μW/cm from input vibrations of 2.25 m/s at 120 Hz. Furthermore, test results matched simulated outputs very closely thus verifying the validity of the model as a basis for design. One of
Techniques in Image Steganography using Famous Number Sequences

In In the last decades, Steganography techniques have been applied in a variety of data files. The need of copyrightprotection in Music, in Photography e.t. c pushed the software companies to develop many steganographic systemswhich they use, in various areas, e.g., in digital assets (DRM). In this paper, we propose a number of methods forimage steganography using Catalan numbers and Lucas numbers and we show that they produce better resultsthan the technique using Fibonacci numbers. We are able to use Catalan and Lucas numbers since we haveproved that these sets of numbers satisfy similar conditions to those of the Theorem of Zeckendorf.
Effect of feeding graded levels of camel blood-rumen content mixture on nutrient digestibility and carcass measurement of growing rabbits

A ten-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of camel blood-rumen content mixture (CBRCM) on the nutrient digestibility and carcass measurement of cross-bred (Dutch x New Zealand) growing rabbits aged between five and seven weeks. Forty five rabbits were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments of nine per treatment in a complete randomized block design experiment. The CBRCM was included at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels in diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The response showed that the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract and Total ash were significantly affected (P 0.05) by the test material in the diets. The slaughter weight, dressed weight, dressing percentage, rack, thighs, head, tail, skin, feet, heart, lungs, kidneys, caecum, large intestine, small intestine, stomach and body length were not significantly (P>0.05) different among the treatment groups. The shoulder, loin and liver were significantly (P<0.05) different amongst the treatment groups. The study indicated that CBRCM can be included in rabbit diet up to 40% inclusion level. Key words: Growing rabbits, camel blood-rumen content mixture, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics.
Self-assessment and tutor assessment in online language learning materials: InGenio FCE online course and tester

This chapter addresses different modalities of assessment, provides an overview of the assessment processes of the basic skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking) tested by the Cambridge First Certificate in English (FCE) examination, and explores the ways in which the FCE Online Course and Tester –the resources provided through the InGenio CALL authoring shell, content manager and courseware delivery platform– contribute to the effectiveness and efficiency of the assessment of those skills. These materials are flexible enough to be adapted to different degrees of learning autonomy, thus allowing students to assess their own progress while enabling their learning process to be monitored by a tutor or a teacher in those cases where the materials are used by them as a complement for their language lessons. Such is the case of some teachers at the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV) who are already successfully making use of some of the materials published through InGenio as a way to include additional contents and monitor and assess their students’ achievements and progress. One of the most important features concerning these online language learning materials is that they allow students to choose between two main modalities of assessment, one of them enabling them to supervise their own learning process; and the other one leading to the development of their autonomy and sense of responsibility while getting support from a tutor or teacher.
Evaluation of Residual Stresses Induced by Face Milling Using a Method of Micro-indents

The aim of this study is to determine and evaluate residual stresses induced by face milling in different zones, which are associated with asymmetries in orientation of cutting edge. In this study, a micro-indent method is used to determine these stresses, which were induced in samples of AA 7075-T6 aluminum alloy. The residual displacements were measured, with high accuracy, using a universal measuring machine. This study includes a thorough data analysis using Mohr's circles, which enabled to assess the stress states in all in-plane directions. The results obtained in samples subjected to different combinations of process parameters showed the introduction of compressive normal components for all directions of each zone evaluated. From the high sensitivity of the micro-indent method used, it was possible to detect smaller differences generated between the levels reaching the stress components in the cutting zones evaluated. Furthermore, these differences were similar for all evaluated directions when the highest feed rate was selected. This significant fact, finally, would reveal equivalent differences between asymmetrical zones, regarding the combination of local plastic deformation and heat reaching the milled surface, for all in-plane directions.