Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survey of the family Corynidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

All genera and species of the family Corynidae are reviewed and the validity of some species discussed. Descriptions and figures for most valid species are given. The classification based on cladistic principles established by Petersen (1990) is discussed and modified. The family Corynidae encompasses the genera Coryne, Sarsia, Dipurena, Nannocoryne, Cladosarsia, Bicorona, and Dicyclocoryne. The family Dicyclocorynidae is not recognised and its members returned to the Corynidae. The genus Bicorona is redefined to accommodate Coryne tricycla Schuchert, 1996 as Bicorona tricycla comb, nov. The genus Dicodonium is excluded from the Corynidae because its type species is most probably an Ectopleura species and thus belongs to the Tubulariidae.
The abandoned mining area of Montevecchio-Ingurtosu

(*) Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy. Abstract. The Montevecchio-Ingurtosu area (Sardinia SW) was one of the most important mining districts for Pb and Zn in Sardinia. For its very important cultural and industrial heritage this area, located in a natural context of scenic beauty, is included in the Geo-mining Park of Sardinia, sponsored by the Unesco. The field trip included the visit of fascinating examples of industrial archeology (Piccalinna plants and the village of Montevecchio) and areas where the natural environment is degraded by mine wastes weathering (Casargiu stope and Rio Naracauli). The field trip ran in a natural context of spectacular beauty in front of the Mediterranean Sea (giant sand dunes and the woody habitat of Sardinian deer, a rare endemic species).
The Isolation and Evaluation of Potential Probiotic Strains from Breast Milk

In this newspaper, we want to isolate lactic strains have potential probiotic from breast milk. As a result, 22 lactic strains were isolated from 7 samples (breast milk) and chose 8 strains had potential probiotic. These 8 lactic strains survived in hard conditions such as acid stomach, bile salt and resisted to bacteria with diameter clear zone 6 mm-15 mm. Besides, they had high lactate and adhesive activity. To obtain lactic strains had various probiotic properties, 4 lactic strains were selected and determined by 16S rDNA, they included Lactobacillus paracasei HV3.2; Lactobacillus paracasei HV4.1; Lactobacillus acidophilus HV4.2 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus M3.2.
Contact Lenses as Drug Delivery System for Glaucoma: A Review

Glaucoma is an optical neuropathy associated to a progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells with visual field loss and is the main cause of irreversible blindness in the world. The treatment has the aim to reduce intraocular pressure. The first therapy option is to instill drugs on the ocular surface. The main limitation of this is the reduced time of the drug staying on the cornea. This means that high doses are required to ensure its therapeutic effect. A drug-loaded contact lens can diffuse into the post lens tear film in a constant and prolonged flow, resulting in an increased retention of the drug on the surface of the cornea for up to 30 min and thus providing a higher drug bioavailability, increasing the therapeutic efficacy, reducing the amount of administered drug, and thereby provoking fewer adverse events. Several different systems of drug delivery have been studied in recent decades; ranging from more simple methods of impregnating the lenses, such as soaking, to more complex ones, such as molecular imprinting have been proposed. Moreover, different drugs, from those already commercially available to new substances such as melatonin have been studied to improve the glaucoma treatment efficacy. This review describes the role of contact lenses as an innovative drug delivery system to treat glaucoma.
Physiological Effects of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Application on Improving Heat and Drought Tolerance in Creeping Bentgrass

A BSTRACT Gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a nonprotein amino acid in plant cells, which responds to changes in environmental factors. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of foliar spray of GABA on drought and heat tolerance in creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera ), and to investigate physiological factors altered by GABA application that contribute to improved drought tolerance and heat tolerance. GABA-treated plants (cv. Penncross) or non-GABA-treated control plants were then subjected to the following three treatments in growth chambers: 1) nonstress control [plants irrigated every 2 days to maintain soil water content at the pot capacity and maintained at 21/19 8 C (day/night) for 35 days], 2) heat stress [plants exposed to 35/30 8 C (day/night) and well-watered conditions for 35 days], and 3) drought stress [plants unirrigated for 9 days and maintained at 21/19 8 C (day/night), and then rewatered for 2 days]. As compared with untreated plants, GABA-treated plants showed 22% to 39% and 8% to 21% signiﬁcantly lower leaf electrolyte leakage (EL) and 35% to 143% and 21% to 24% signiﬁcantly higher turf quality (TQ), 8%to17% and 17%to24% relativewater content(RWC), 22%to39% and 25%to27% chlorophyllcontent,7% to 11% and 6% to 17% photochemical efﬁciency, and an 84% to 683% and 57% to 76% osmotic adjustment (OA) exposed to heat or drought stress across days of treatment, respectively. GABA-treated plants accumulated 7% to 10% more water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and 11% to 43% more free proline than nontreated plants under heat stress, and 12% to 30% higher accumulation of WSC under drought stress. After 2 days of rewatering, a signiﬁcantly better recovery also was observed in GABA-treated plants than that in nontreated plants previously exposed to drought stress. The results suggest that foliar application of GABA signiﬁcantly improved heat and drought tolerance of creeping bentgrass, which was associated with maintenance of cell membrane stability, delaying in leaf senescence, and enhancing OA. The effectiveness of exogenous GABA application was more pronounced under heat stress than under drought stress.
GEOGRAPHIC SPECIATION IN TROPICAL ECHINOIDS

The great importance of ecological factors in speciation is stressed by most recent students. Since the ecology of marine organisms is fundamentally different from that of such typical land animals as mammals, birds, land snails, and butterflies, one might expect modes of speciation in the oceans that differ completely from the typical geographic speciation of land animals. This possibility has been suggested repeatedly within recent years; yet a thorough study of speciation patterns in marine organisms has remained a desideratum. Methodological difficulties. Speciation is the acquisition of reproductive isolation and of ecological compatibility by natural populations. There are several potential modes of speciation. How can one prove which of them has occurred in a particular case? Speciation is a slow historical process and can never be observed directly by an individual observer except in the case of polyploidy. The student of speciation is thus in the same predicament as the archeologist, the geologist-and often the cytologist-all of whom study dynamic processes, which are fixed, so to speak, at definite, instantaneous, static levels. The method in aJl these sciences is the same. It consists in the reconstruction of a continuous series,
Design and Experimental Analysis of Touchless Interactive Mirror using Raspberry Pi

A prototype of a smart gesture-controlled mirror with enhanced interactivity is proposed and designed in this paper. With the help of hand gestures, the mirror provides some basic amenities like time, news, weather etc. The designed system uses Pi cam for image acquisition to perform the functions like gesture recognition and an ultrasonic sensor for presence detection. This paper also discusses the experimental analysis of human gesture interaction using parameters like the angle which ranges its horizon from 0 to 37 degree when tilting the forearm up and down and 0 to 15 degrees when the forearm is twisted right to left and otherwise based on yellow, pink and white background colours. Additionally, the range of detection using an ultrasonic sensor is restricted to the active region of 69.6 to 112.5 degrees. Moreover, time delay which takes half a second for a time as retrieve with the system and take 6 to 10 seconds for fetching headlines and weather information from the internet. These analyses are taken into account to subsequently improve the design algorithm of the gesture-controlled smart mirror. The framework developed comprises of three different gesture defects under which mirror will display the mentioned information on its screen.
5. Nanostructured materials and their thin films for Li-ion battery electrodes: synthesis, research and performance Nanostrukturēti materiāli un to plānās kārtiņas Li-jonu bateriju elektrodiem: sintēze, pētījumi un darbība

5. Nanostructured materials and their thin films for Li-ion battery electrodes: synthesis, research and performance . 101 5.1. Review of materials for Li-ion battery electrodes . 101 5.2. Methods for synthesizing materials and obtaining thin/thick films used in this research . 102 5.3. Characterization methods of synthesized materials and devices . 103 5.4. Thin film LiFePO4 cathodes for Li ion batteries: characterisation, structure and composition, electrochemical properties . 104 5.5. Electrophoretically deposited graphene and α-Fe2O3/TiO2/GO anode for lithium ion batteries . 111 5.5. Summary . 119 5.6. References . 119 5.7. Kopsavilkums . 122
Improved RSA Algorithm Based on Cloud Database using Proth Number and Mersenne Prime Number

- The purpose of this study is to improve the strength of RSA Algorithm and at the same time improving the speed of encryption and decryption. RSA algorithm or Rivest-Shamir-Adleman algorithm is named after Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Len Adleman, who invented it in 1977-78. The RSA crypto-system is the most widely-used public key cryptography algorithm in the world. Its security is based on the difficulty of factoring large integers. This paper presents an improved RSA algorithm which is superior to the original RSA algorithm in terms of strength of encryption and speed of encryption and decryption. This includes the strengthened form of RSA algorithm along with the architecture of the proposed algorithm. A cloud based database is used store the keys in advance. The modified RSA algorithm is compared on various aspects with the original RSA algorithm and the proposed algorithm certainly improve the strength and speed of computation. The experimental result shows that the encryption time remains more or less similar to the original RSA even though the complexity of calculation is increased. The decryption time is reduced considerably as compared to the original algorithm.
Pet or pest? Stable isotope methods for determining the provenance of an invasive alien species

The illegal pet trade facilitates the global dispersal of invasive alien species (IAS), providing opportunities for new pests to establish in novel recipient environments. Despite the increasing threat of IAS to the environment and economy, biosecurity efforts often lack suitable, scientifically-based methods to make effective management decisions, such as identifying an established IAS population from a single incursion event. We present a proof-of-concept for a new application of a stable isotope technique to identify wild and captive histories of an invasive pet species. Twelve red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) from historic Australian incursions with putative wild, captive and unknown origins were analysed to: (1) present best-practice methods for stable isotope sampling of T. s. elegans incursions; (2) effectively discriminate between wild and captive groups using stable isotope ratios; and (3) present a framework to expand the methodology for use on other IAS species. A sampling method was developed to obtain carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios from the keratin layer of the carapace (shells), which are predominantly influenced by dietary material and trophic level respectively. Both δ13C and δ15N exhibited the potential to distinguish between the wild and captive origins of the samples. Power simulations demonstrated that isotope ratios were consistent across the carapace and a minimum of eight individuals were required to effectively discriminate wild and captive groups, reducing overall sampling costs. Statistical classification effectively separated captive and wild groups by δ15N (captive: δ15N‰ ≥ 9.7‰, minimum of 96% accuracy). This study outlines a practical and accessible method for detecting IAS incursions, to potentially provide biosecurity staff and decision-makers with the tools to quickly identify and manage future IAS incursions.
THE CASE OF TARSIER HEMOGLOBIN

by other methods of ancestral reconstruction. Critics also argue that it is not possible to determine which of several alternative topologies, differing by a small number of NR's, most closely reflects cladogeny since the statistical significance of the NR score differences is unknown. A careful investigation of the method of these critics reveals that their method is nonrigorous, nonreplicable and produces erroneous results. The need for rigorous, automated systems of data analysis in studies of molecular evolution is made apparent, particularly in light of the voluminous nature of the data. We here describe a series of parsimony tests conducted with globin amino acid sequence data, focusing on the position of Tarsius within Primates, in order to illustrate the importance of interpreting NR score differences within a context which includes the number of lineages represented in a data set, the density of the lineages in particular regions of a dendrogram and the exact nature of the changes attributed to specific NR savings. Analyzed within the context of these changing parameters, small NR score differences between alternative topologies can be meaningful and do produce results with significant confidence. The phylogenetic relationship of Tarsius to Anthropoidea, as well as other important issues in primate systematics, are expected to be greatly clarified with the gathering and rigorous analysis of nucleotide sequence data which can resolve the difficulties presented by convergent evolution and paralogous gene lines. [Tarsier phylogeny; maximum parsimony methodology; molecular evolution; primate evolution; molecular anthropology; hemoglobin phylogeny. ]
Low Genetic Diversity in the Goitered Gazelle Gazella subgutturosa (Güldenstädt, 1780) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) in North-western China as Revealed by the Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene

The goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) is a vulnerable, protected species in China. To gain insight into the current genetic diversity of the goitered gazelle in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), north-western China, we collected samples from wild individuals from across the species’ natural range within XUAR and sequenced 995 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from 113 samples. Among these samples, we detected 19 haplotypes, of which 14 were novel. The studied goitered gazelles exhibited high haplotype diversity (0.804) but low nucleotide diversity (0.001) as compared to other antelope species. In a Bayesian phylogenetic tree, haplotypes formed only one clade, with no apparent geographical population structure. Neutrality test and mismatch distribution analyses indicated a past demographic bottleneck event. Urgent protective measures must be planned to retain and recover genetic diversity in this species in order to avoid extinction.
Aerobic Performance in Belding's Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi): Variance, Ontogeny, and the Aerobic Capacity Model of Endothermy

Metabolic rate is one of the most intensively studied aspects of organismal physiology, but much of the large body of data on metabolism concerns adult animals while largely ignoring juvenile stages, and focuses on mean values of traits while neglecting to consider the significance of intraspecific variation. To study the importance of ontogenic change and individual differences in aerobic performance in a typical small mammal, we measured minimal resting oxygen consumption (V̇o2mr) and maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max) during exercise and thermogenesis in juvenile and adult Belding's ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi). Across a 5.5-fold body mass range, the relationship between mass and V̇o2 was best described with two-phased regressions with inflections at 212-281 g, instead of the simple linear relationship reported for other species. The reason for inflections is unclear, but they are possibly related to growth costs since they approximately correspond to body mass at the end of the rapid growth period in the juvenile year. We also found higher than expected intraspecific mass exponents for both V̇o2mr and V̇o2max; this may also be related to rapid growth of juveniles. The aerobic scope (V̇o2max/V̇o2mr) increased from about 5.4 in newly independent juveniles to about 7.5 in adults. Interindividual variance was lowest for exercise V̇o2max and highest for V̇o2mr. Residual analysis revealed that V̇o2mr was significantly correlated with exercise V̇o2max (i. e., individuals with above-average V̇o2mr for their mass tended to have high V̇o2max, and vice versa). However, there was no correlation between V̇o2mr and thermogenic V̇o2max. These results provide limited support for the aerobic capacity model for the evolution of endothermy.
Influence of ferroelectric dipole on the photocatalytic activity of BaTiO3/α-Fe2O3

Using BaTiO3 as a model ferroelectric material we investigated the influence of the ferroelectric dipole on the photocatalytic activity of a heterogeneous BaTiO3/α-Fe2O3 photocatalyst in the decolourisation of Rhodamine B under AM 1.5 G illumination. Two distinct BaTiO3 samples were used: one with a lower ferroelectric content (BTO) and the other a higher ferroelectric content (BTO-A). It was found that under the identical experimental conditions, the half-time of photodecolourisation (t1/2) was reduced from 87 min for BTO/α-Fe2O3 to 55 min for BTO-A/α-Fe2O3. The reduction of half-time demonstrated a significant improvement of photocatalytic activity of BTO-A/α-Fe2O3 when compared to BTO/α-Fe2O3. Considering the similar surface areas and morphologies of the two catalysts, we propose that the enhanced decolourisation rate of the dye is due to the improved charge carrier separation and extended charge carrier lifetime arising from an interaction with the ferroelectric dipole and the carriers in hematite. Our results demonstrate a new process to control carrier recombination and use the ferroelectric dipole to control the charge carrier transport, overcome their recombination, and extend the charge carrier lifetime of the surface material in a heterogeneous catalyst system.
Fruit diet of frugivorous bats (Cynopterus brachyotis and Cynopterus horsfieldii) in tropical hill forests of Peninsular Malaysia

Abstract The fruit diets of two species of frugivorous bats (Cynopterus brachyotis and Cynopterus horsfieldii) were investigated over a 12-month period in the tropical hill dipterocarp forest of the Sungai Lalang Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia, a place where ecological studies are lacking. Mist nets were used to capture bats, and seeds were collected from faecal samples and/or fruit remnants found together with netted bats, from seed traps placed beneath feeding and/or day roosts, and at feeding trees. Fruits of 18 identified plant species from 10 families were consumed by one or both species, eight of which are species not previously reported as plants consumed by Cynopterus spp. Seeds collected from faecal collections, seed traps under roosts and feeding trees suggested that Ficus spp. , Piper aduncum and Pternandra echinata are important food sources and thus should be considered keystone resources for sustaining populations of Cynopterus spp. , especially when other preferred plant species such as Nauclea subdita and Elaeocarpus stipularis were not in flower/fruit. This study is among the very few to document the fruit diet of frugivorous bats in the tropical hill forests of Peninsular Malaysia, results that highlight the conservation importance of these species.
Legacy of Amazonian Dark Earth soils on forest structure and species composition

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2020 The Authors. Global Ecology and Biogeography published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede BIONORTE, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso – UNEMAT, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil 2Archaeology, College of Humanities, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK 3Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics/ Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 4Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso, Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso, Brazil 5Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK 6Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas EspaciaisINPE, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil 7Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do AcreUFAC, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
Cavitation Status Recognition Method of Centrifugal Pump Based on Multi-Pointand Multi-Resolution Analysis

Cavitation monitoring is particularly important for pump efficiency and stability. It is easy to misjudge cavitation by using a given threshold of a single eigenvalue. In this work, based on the vibration signal, a method for multi-resolution cavitation status recognition of centrifugal pump is proposed to improve the accuracy and universality of cavitation status recognition. , wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) is used to extract the statistical eigenvalues of multi-scale time-varying moment of cavitation signal after reducing the clutter, such as root mean square value, energy entropy value and so on. The characteristic matrix is constructed. Principal component analysis method (PCA) is employed to reduce the dimension of the characteristic matrix and remove the redundancy, which constructs the radial basis function (RBF) neural network as the input. The results show that the overall recognition rate of non-cavitation, inception cavitation and serious cavitation by using the vibration signal of one measuring point is more than 97.7%. The recognition rate of inception cavitation is more than 80%. Based on the vibration signal information fusion method of two measuring points, the recognition rate of centrifugal pump inception cavitation status reaches more than 99%, and the recognition rate of vibration signal information fusion method of three measuring points reaches 100% for all three cavitation statuses. Due to the influence of factors such as change of external excitation and abrupt change of working conditions, sensor data acquisition is often subjected to unpredictable disturbance. To study the ability of single-point cavitation status recognition method to resist unknown disturbances, by constantly adjusting the value of the interference coefficient of the interference term. It is found that the recognition rate of cavitation status using single measuring point decreases almost linearly with the increase of the interference coefficient. When five measuring points are used for information fusion cavitation status recognition, the cavitation status recognition rate still reaches over 90% even if the interference factor of one measuring point reaches 50%.