Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the ocean's role in glacial CO 2 reductions

A series of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) marine carbon cycle sensitivity experiments is conducted to test the effect of different physical processes, as simulated by two atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) experiments, on atmospheric p CO 2 . One AOGCM solution exhibits an increase in North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation under glacial conditions, whereas the other mimics an increase in Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) associated with a weaker NADW. None of these sensitivity experiments reproduces the observed magnitude of glacial/interglacial p CO 2 changes. However, to explain the reconstructed vertical gradient of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of 40 mmol m −3 a marked enhancement in AABW formation is required. Furthermore, for the enhanced AABW sensitivity experiment the simulated stable carbon isotope ratio (δ 13 C) decreases by 0.4‰ at intermediate depths in the South Atlantic in accordance with sedimentary evidence. The shift of deep and bottom water formation sites from the North Atlantic to the Southern Ocean increases the total preformed nutrient inventory, so that the lowered efficiency of Southern Ocean nutrient utilization in turn increases atmospheric p CO 2 . This change eventually offsets the effect of an increased abyssal carbon pool due to stronger AABW formation. The effects of interhemispheric glacial sea-ice changes on atmospheric p CO 2 oppose each other. Whereas, extended sea-ice coverage in the Southern Hemisphere reduces the air-sea gas exchange of CO 2 in agreement with previous theoretical considerations, glacial advances of sea-ice in the Northern Hemisphere lead to a weakening of the oceanic carbon uptake through the physical pump. Due to enhanced gas solubility associated with lower sea surface temperature, both glacial experiments generate a reduction of atmospheric p CO 2 by about 20–23 ppmv. The sensitivity experiments presented here demonstrate the presence of compensating effects of different physical processes in the ocean on glacial CO 2 and the difficulty of finding a simple explanation of the glacial CO 2 problem by invoking ocean dynamical changes.
Orbital Order and Electronic Correlations in a Planar Model for Manganites

Understanding orbital ordered (OO) Mott insulating states lies at the heart of a consistent resolution of the colossal magneto-resistance (CMR) observed in manganites, where its melting induces a low-$T$ insulator-metal transition upon hole doping for $0.25 \le x\le 0.45$. Motivated thereby, we study the OO states in a planar model for bilayer manganites using dynamical-mean-field-theory (DMFT) and finite-size diagonalisation methods. We derive the OO ground states in manganites, for $x=0,\frac{1}{2},\frac{2}{3},\frac{3}{4}$ in agreement with observations, including the charge-orbital-magnetic ordered stripe phases for $x>\frac{1}{2}$. These OO states are shown to be associated with an alloy ordering of the $d_{3x^{2}-r^{2}}/d_{3y^{2}-r^{2}}$ orbitals on each $Mn^{3+}$ site.
Application of System Analysis for Thermal Power Plant Heat Rate Improvement

In order to improve the performance of a thermal power plant (TPP), it is necessarily to adopt performance monitoring and heat rate improvement. To improve efficiency, the engineer must knew the heat input, the mass of fuel, the fuel analysis and the kW rating generation in order to determine the actual heat rate. After the actual heat rate calculated and understood, losses must be identified and understood. Good communication and teamwork between the engineer and staff within the TPP is essential to success [1-2].
Topology Management for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Scenario

Cooperative communication is the main accessing point in present days. These results can be accessed through proactive protocol like route request packet sending and route request packet receiving. The main issue is how communication will be done in MANETS. Mobile Ad-hoc networks are self-configurable networks; each node behaves like server and client in MANET. COCO (Capacity Optimized Cooperative Communication) model was developed for accessing these types of resources in MANETs. This model can’t provide sufficient communication or overall network performance. This model provides sufficient capability improvement in mobile ad-hoc networks, but this model will be taking more power resources for doing this work. exploitation simulation examples, we have a tendency to show that physical layer cooperative communications have important impacts on the performance of topology control and network capability, and also the proposed topology management scheme will considerably improve the network capability in MANETs with cooperative communications. KeywordTopology Control, Cooperative Communication, MANET, Network Capacity.
Microarray Gene Expression Statistical Data Analysis of Three Different Clinical Forms of Human Tuberculosis Stimulated Samples in the Bioconductor R Package

The overall aim of this research identified and explores the usage of microarray gene expression statistical tools available in Bioconductor R package for image visualization, data quality control, background correction, summarization, normalization and identification of highly differential gene expression from microarray gene expression data of human tuberculosis infections. The stimulated samples with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) of human tuberculosis microarray gene expression data such include pulmonary TB infection (PTB), meningeal TB infection (TBM) and latent TB infection (LTB) image data were collected from GEO-NCBI (Gene Expression Omnibus-National Centre for Biotechnical information’s) database in a form of CEL file format with Accession number: GSE11199 and all the analyses were performed in the R packages. These analyses identified and explore the use of AffyQCReport tool, affycoretools, PCA, MAS 5.0 and GCRMA for microarray gene expression data pre-processing and for the identification of highly significantly expressed genes, LIMMA was used and explore as a statistical tool for such analysis. The statistical analysis from LIMMA indicates that there was a significant difference between the three different forms of human tuberculosis. Therefore, most of the genes significantly expressed in both groups were genes responsible for cellular immune response. The results of three different comparison groups generated from the LIMMA analysis were further analysed using correlation coefficient=1, when p-value<=0.05 and generated Venn diagram, the results from venn diagram shows that majority of the genes were up-regulated indicating less decrease in the rate of gene expression but increase among the regulated genes of stimulated tuberculosis and more genes were observed with higher expression than those with less expression during the three group’s comparison. It suggested recommendation that the results obtained from this study can be utilize in further analysis for detection and control of human tuberculosis infections.
"THEY LOOK LIKE PAPER": REFUGEE STUDENTS EXPERIENCING AND CONSTRUCTING 'THE SOCIAL' AT A QUEENSLAND HIGH SCHOOL

Educational institutions in Australia face complex challenges in providing inclusive learning experiences for a growing number of North African refugee students. This paper explores the school experiences of five North African refugee students who volunteered to participate in semi-structured interviews in 2012. A qualitative intrinsic case study approach was employed to investigate participant experiences with their Australian peers. This included peer influence on defining social norms and the articulation of race, religion and social differences. Foucault's theories of discourse, the subject, disciplinary practices and normalisation, have been utilised as tools to drive the exploration of students' experiences. Participants encountered 'difference' in the Australian schooling context that affected their ability to connect to the social discourse and disciplinary systems of school. Participants indicated that their knowledge of themselves, and others, had developed from a point of 'difference' and isolation, to ways of 'seeing' the characteristics of the 'Australian' student and the diversity within their 'white' peers and teachers. Exploring this discursive negotiation illuminates the taken-for-granted ways these students come to know the role of student, friend and school in facilitating membership and belonging.
Studies on the semen characteristics of kambing Katcang crossbred bucks (Kajian terhadap perbezaan dalam ciri semen kambing Katcang jantan kacukan)

The characteristics of frequently ejaculated semen of kambing Katcang crossbred bucks exposed to short periods of high environmental heat (i.e. environmental temperature and solar radiation) were studied. Twelve bucks were randomly maintained either in shade (group I) or without shade (group II) for 7 days. The analysis of variance showed that there was a decrease in the volume of semen, concentration per millilitre and density per ejaculation with successive ejaculations for both the groups. However, only the grazed heat-exposed bucks’ percentage individual motility was affected with the frequent ejaculation. Generally, the bucks without any form of shade produced less semen and poorer quality compared with those in shade. The mean high environmental temperature of 30.9 °C did not have any effect on the mass motility and percentage of abnormal spermatozoa. Results of this study showed that a high mating frequency in the bucks was accompanied by a significant decline in the main semen characteristics with successive ejaculations, especially when the bucks were exposed to high environmental heat.
The contribution of terrestrial sources and sinks to trends in the seasonal cycle of atmospheric carbon dioxide

We characterized decadal changes in the amplitude and shape of the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 with three kinds of analysis. First, we calculated the trends in the seasonal cycle of measured atmospheric CO2 at observation stations in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Monitoring and Diagnostic Laboratory network. Second, we assessed the impact of terrestrial ecosystems in various localities on the mean seasonal cycle of CO2 at observation stations using the Carnegie‐Ames‐Stanford Approach terrestrial biosphere model and the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) atmospheric tracer transport model. Third, we used the GISS tracer model to quantify the contribution of terrestrial sources and sinks to trends in the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 for the period 1961–1990, specifically examining the effects of biomass burning, emissions from fossil fuel combustion, and regional increases in net primary production (NPP). Our analysis supports results from previous studies that indicate a significant positive increase in the amplitude of the seasonal cycle of CO2 at Arctic and subarctic observation stations. For stations north of 55°N the amplitude increased at a mean rate of 0.66% yr−1 from 1981 to 1995. From the analysis of ecosystem impacts on the mean seasonal cycle we find that tundra, boreal forest, and other northern ecosystems are responsible for most of the seasonal variation in CO2 at stations north of 55°N. The effects of tropical biomass burning on trends in the seasonal cycle are minimal at these stations, probably because of strong vertical convection in equatorial regions. From 1981 to 1990, fossil fuel emissions contributed a trend of 0.20% yr−1 to the seasonal cycle amplitude at Mauna Loa and less than 0.10% yr−1 at stations north of 55°N. To match the observed amplitude increases at Arctic and subarctic stations with NPP increases, we find that north of 30°N a 1.7 Pg C yr−1 terrestrial sink would be required. In contrast, over regions south of 30°N, even large NPP increases and accompanying terrestrial sinks would be insufficient to account for the increase in high‐latitude amplitudes.
Uniform quadratic penalties cause nonuniform spatial resolution

Examines the spatial resolution properties of penalized maximum-likelihood image reconstruction methods by analyzing the local impulse response. The authors show that for emission image reconstruction using the ordinary uniform quadratic regularization penalty, the local impulse response is spatially variant. Paradoxically, the local resolution is poorest in high activity regions. The analysis leads naturally to a modified quadratic regularization penalty that achieves nearly uniform resolution. The modified penalty also provides a very practical method for choosing the smoothing parameter to obtain a specified resolution. <<ETX>>
Analytical Upper Body Human Motion Transfer to Naohumanoid Robot

This paper proposes an analytical method to solve theproblem of upper body motion transfer from human to humanoid robot. By usinghumanoid normalized model as a model of upper body human motion, the proposed methodthen uses analytical inverse kinematics method to transfer human motion tohumanoid robot. Because the nature of analytical method that is specific to robot with particular kinematics structure, we choose the Aldebaran NAO robot as target platform. We verify our method by using offline simulation and online experiment in the robot. The offline simulation shows that our method gives exact solution, while the online experiment gives a qualitatively good result.
Characterization of red rice (Oryza sativa) varieties developed under on-farm dynamic management on Bohol, Philippines

Farmer selection and breeding of local varieties are still practiced in many farming systems and are regarded as important components of on-farm dynamic conservation of plant genetic resources (Bretting and Duvick 1997). The farming system on Bohol, an island province of the Philippines, is comprised of mostly smallto medium-sized irrigated farms that combine both traditional and modern methods of cultivation under a wide range of ecological and soil conditions. Rice is the major food crop in Bohol. As a result of the Green Revolution, many traditional varieties were replaced with modern varieties during the 1970s. Nevertheless, local farmers are still involved in the improvement of available varieties and the development of new ones in order to meet the local agro-ecological conditions, their preferences and needs, and new market opportunities.
Applying knowledge from educational psychology and cognitive science to a first course in thermodynamics

Stephen R. Turns, professor of mechanical engineering, joined the faculty of The Pennsylvania State University in 1979. His research interests include combustion-generated air pollution, other combustionrelated topics, and engineering education pedagogy. He is the author of three student-centered textbooks in combustion and thermal-sciences. He is a Fellow of the ASME and was the recipient of ASEE’s Mechanical Engineering Division Ralph Coats Roe Award in 2009.
A GENERALIZED EARTH MODEL SOFTWARE UTILITY.

Implementation and sharing of 3D Earth models by the seismological research community, and evaluation of those models by global monitoring agencies is hampered by the plethora of model parameterizations and formats that have been implemented by model developers. GeoTess is an attempt to address this issue by providing a common model parameterization for multi-dimensional Earth models and a software support system that deals with the construction, population, storage and interrogation of data stored in the model. GeoTess is not limited to any particular type of data; to GeoTess, the data are just 1D arrays of values associated with each node in the grid. The grid and many of the basic grid manipulation algorithms implemented by GeoTess are described in Ballard et al. (2009). In this paper, we describe the salient features of the model parameterization and supporting software and describe two example applications. The first is called LibCorr3D, which is an application that manages 3D lookup tables for travel time correction information. With this software, the research community can develop 3D velocity models of the Earth, pre-compute station–phase –specific travel times and travel time uncertainties through their model in any manner they deem appropriate and deliver that information to monitoring agencies in a format that the monitoring agencies are prepared to accept. The package, including source code, is supplied in Java and C++. There are also interfaces to the C++ version written in C and Fortran90. GeoTess has been tested on multiple platforms, including Linux, SunOS, MacOSX and Windows.
Genetic composition of loggerhead turtle feeding aggregations: migration patterns in the North Pacific

The loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta is highly migratory and undertakes trans oceanic migrations. In the North Pacific, loggerhead turtles that hatch on Japanese beaches reach the vicinity of Baja California in the eastern Pacific. As they grow, they return and recruit to the feeding areas around Japan. By using mtDNA control-region sequences, we identified the genetic composition of the feeding aggregation around the Sanriku coastal area (n = 107), >500 km north of the main nesting beaches of Japan and located on the north of the Japanese mainland. Performing a mixed-stock analysis using the published data from 5 Japanese nesting rookeries (n = 279 in total) as sources, the origin of the feeding aggregation was estimated with Bayesian statistics. The results indicated a high contribution from the southern rookeries (mean ≥ 82.10%), mainly the Yakushima rookery (mean ≥ 51.45%), to the Sanriku feeding aggregation, whether the number of nests was considered as an informative prior or not. Therefore, the Sanriku coastal area is estimated to be utilized by loggerhead turtles born in the southern nesting rookeries relatively far from Sanriku. The strong connectivity between loggerheads from the Sanriku feeding aggregation and the southern Japanese rookeries suggests that loggerhead turtles in the North Pacific generally settle in the Japanese coastal areas in the large juvenile stage, but not in the direct vicinity of their natal sites, and some juveniles that use an oceanic feeding strategy are recruited to the Sanriku coastal area.
The Sensitivity of Bank Stock Returns to Real Estate Risks: The Case of the US

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of real estate returns and their volatility on the generation process of US bank stock returns. The approach employs the generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic in the mean (GARCH-M) model to account for the ARCH effects in daily returns. Most prior studies used OLS and EGARCH to estimate the sensitivity of US bank stocks. However, because ARCHand GARCH effects are found to be significant, the OLS method may generate inefficient results. In our paper we compare the results generated by OLS and GARCH models. Apart from the traditional volatility equation, we introduce a dummy variable to examine the change in risk before and after the financial crisis. The findings show that real estate returns and their volatility impact US bank stock returns and US bank return volatility directly, and that the impact is more sensitive after the global financial crisis. The occurrence of the global financial crisis shifts US banks’ return volatility upward. In addition, most of the individual banks and portfolios exhibit a substantial degree of persistence in shocks. The findings above are important for investors who seek to predict the performance of bank stocks. In summary, our paper adds a real estate return factor into the traditional three-index model and show sthat ARCH and GARCH effects do affect the measures of sensitivity and volatility.
JENNIFER FINLAY

This study aimed to investigate the effects of varying forms of carbohydrate on subsequent cycling performance to exhaustion in an active female population. 7 subjects aged 20-21 years, recruited due to their availability, with a maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) 2.62 (+ 0.54) l-min ̄1 took part in this experimental design. Subjects were required to cycle at 55% Wpeak for 25-min, with an increase in intensity to 75% Wpeak until volitional exhaustion on two occasions separated by one week. Each trial was entered following an overnight fast with subjects consuming 2 g per kg of body mass of a liquid carbohydrate (lucozade) 15-min prior to the onset of exercise and solid carbohydrate (pasta) 1.5-hr prior. Results indicated no significant difference in time to exhaustion (p<0.102) despite a 406.4-s mean increased time following the ingestion of liquid carbohydrate. Heart rate (HR) was significantly higher within the liquid trial (p<0.05). Localised rating of perceived exertion (RPEl) was significantly higher than central RPE (RPEc), with RPEl higher at 75% Wpeak than 55% Wpeak phase (p<0.05). VO2 and VCO2 (l-min ̄1) values were similar within both trials. In conclusion varying forms of carbohydrate had no effect on subsequent cycling performance with regards to time to exhaustion. Therefore, the form of carbohydrate (solid vs. liquid) requires further investigation to examine which form is best for performance within an active female population.
Atmospheric-pressure, nonthermal plasma sterilization of microorganisms in liquids and on surfaces

Abstract Gas discharge plasma inactivation of microorganisms at low (close to ambient) temperature is a promising area of investigation that is attracting widespread interest. This paper describes atmospheric-pressure, nonthermal plasma (NTP) methods for cold sterilization of liquids and thermal sensitive surfaces. These methods are based on the use of direct current (DC) gas discharge plasma sources fed with steady-state high voltage. Parameters characterizing the plasma sources used (plasma-forming gas, gas flow rate, electric power consumed, etc.) are given. The results for plasma sterilization of different microorganisms (vegetative cells, spores, fungi, biofilms) are presented. An empirical mathematical approach is developed for describing NTP inactivation of microorganisms. This approach takes into account not only the destruction of different components of the cells, but their reparation as well.
Hate Speech Detection Using a Convolution-LSTM Based Deep Neural Network

In recent years, the increasing propagation of hate speech on social media and the urgent need for effective counter-measures have drawn significant investment from governments, companies, as well as empirical research. Despite a large number of emerging scientific studies to address the problem, existing methods are limited in several ways, such as the lack of comparative evaluations which makes it difficult to assess the contribution of individual works. This paper introduces a new method based on a deep neural network combining convolutional and long short term memory networks, and conducts an extensive evaluation of the method against several baselines and state of the art on the largest collection of publicly available datasets to date. We show that our proposed method outperforms state of the art on 6 out of 7 datasets by between 0.2 and 13.8 points in F1. We also carry out further analysis using automatic feature selection to understand the impact of the conventional manual feature engineering process that distinguishes most methods in this field. Our findings challenge the existing perception of the importance of feature engineering, as we show that: the automatic feature selection algorithm drastically reduces the original feature space by over 90% and selects predominantly generic features from datasets; nevertheless, machine learning algorithms perform better using automatically selected features than the original features.