Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Added Bambara Groundnut Flour on the Quality of Acha Based Fura

Aims: To improve the nutrient quality of fura, an acha based flour food by adding bambara groundnut flour. Study Design: Product development approach. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi and for six months. Methodology: Acha grain (Digitaria exilis) and Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) were cleaned, dry milled and sieved to produce flour. The Bambara groundnut was substituted into acha grain flour (0-25%), mixed with spices (cloves, salt, ginger, red chilly-pepper, black pepper), conditioned (adding water), molded into balls, steamed (5min), boiled (30min), pound and molded to produce fura. The sample were analyzed for chemical (protein, fat, ash, moisture, carbohydrate), sensory (taste, colour, texture, odour) and functional (water absorption, bulk density and foam capacity). Results: The added bambara groundnut increased the protein (6.14 – 9.30%), fat (3.01 – 4.80%), crude fibre (1.20 – 4.4%) and ash (0.50 –1.12%), but decreased the carbohydrate (88.20 – 79.21%) content of the fura with increase in quantity (0 25%). Research Article British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 4(1): 168-176, 2014 169 The bulk density and foam capacity increased 0.57 – 0.71% and 5.0 – 12.2%, respectively with increase in added bambara groundnut (0 -25%). There was significant increase in the foam capacity. The average means scored of the taste, texture and general acceptability increased 6.4 -7.55, 7.1 – 7.8, and 6.9 – 7.85, respectively, with increase in added Bambara groundnut up to 10% and thereafter decreased significantly. Conclusion: The addition of Bambara groundnut increased the protein, fat, fibre and ash content significantly, p = 0.05, however, it was most acceptable at 10%. At this level of acceptance, the protein, fat and fibre content have been improved by 27.5, 37.8 and 31.5% respectively.
Energy efficient approach for target tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks

Summary Target tracking is one of the hottest topics of research in wireless sensor networks. It consists in detecting and retrieving the successive locations of single or multiple objects during their movements in the monitored area. Minimizing the energy consumption while providing high accuracy in target tracking is a challenging problem as sensor nodes are constrained in terms of energy. In this paper, we present an energy efficient approach for object tracking based on data mining techniques to predict the future location of the target. Nodes within this location are activated while the others remain in sleep mode which reduce the energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime. Moreover, we introduce a recovery mechanism to recapture the object in case it was missed. Extensive simulations via NS-2 simulator revealed the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2014), Volume 2, Issue 7, 578-586

Saber A. Sakr The present work studied the effect of cinnamon on kidney injury induced by the pyrethroid insecticides,cypermethrin in albino rats. Animals were divided into 4 groups. Group 1: control, Group 2: given cinnamon (200mg/kg b.w), Group 3: given cypermethrin at a dose level 1/10 LD 50 of for 6 weeks, Group 4: given cypermethrin and cinnamon. Kidney cortex of cypermethrintreated rats showed many histopathological alterations. The renal tubules lost their characteristic , the glomeruli were degenerated and the renal blood vessels were congested. The intertubular spaces were infiltrated by inflammatory leucocytic cells. Biochemical results showed that cypermethrin caused elevation in serum creatinine and urea. Moreover ,malondialdehyde (MDA) elevated and the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) decreased in kidney of cypermethrin-treated animals. Treating animals with cypermethrin and cinnamon led to an improvement in the histological structure of the kidney together with significant decrease in levels of creatinine and urea. Renal MDA was decreased and SOD and CAT were increased. The present results indicated that cinnamon has ameliorative effect against kidney damage induced by cypermethrin and this may be mediated by its antioxidant activity.
Survey on Recapture Detection Algorithms

: With the development of multimedia technology and digital devices, it is very easier to recapture image of high quality from LCD screens and the use of such recapture image in authentication can be harmful. An attacker may choose to recapture a forged image in order to hide imperfections and to increase its authenticity. To do forensic analysis of such images for evidence is very important. So detection of recapture images from set of images is very important in this case. In this paper we did survey of various recapture image detection algorithms with their pros and cons. Also we studied various features like aliasing, blurriness etc. of recaptured images, which can differentiate recapture image from original one.
Review Paper on Resource Optimization of Servers Using Virtualization

— In this paper, the earlier literature for Resource Optimization and Virtualization has been presented. All the ideas that are developed have been understood and review has been presented for the same. Server virtualization is a key building block that enables application isolation, mobility, and partitioning of individual servers in the cloud. Applications are placed into Virtual Machine which simplify the provisioning and configuration of application allowing for easier reconfiguration of resources to meet server demands. It has also focused on how to maximize the performance of a single physical system by introducing multiple operating systems at a time with cost minimization and efficient resource management using virtualization. Every Operating System on the Virtual Machine works as the server.
RELATION BETWEEN AUDIT RISK AND AUDIT FEES-EVIDENCE FROM LISTED FIRMS IN THE US

This study analyses association between audit risk and audit fees and also studied the influences of industry differences on audit pricing-risk association. Strong empirical evidence has found to suggest that the inherent risk and control risk have positive influence on audit fees. The sample of empirical research comprises a total of 507 listed companies, 260 observations in the United States in 2007 fiscal year and separated into two sub-samples, financial and non-financial firms. Client financial distress factor was tested with the help of Z-score model. The analysis shows that in the similar level of total assets financials are charged lower audit fees than non-financial firms and compared with financials, the audit fees for nonfinancial firms are more sensitive to the financial indicators. It also concluded that the auditors did not seem to take financial firms business risk into consideration when decided audit fees as there is a positive relation between audit fees and companies’ solvency and the possibility of bankruptcy. Auditors considered not only the non-financial firms’ profitability, but also the liquidity, activity, solvency and possibility of bankrupt when they decide audit fees.
Metformin and l-glutamine ameliorate pancreatic damage induced by chronic nicotine exposure in adult male albino rats

Nicotine is a major addictive component of tobacco and cigarettes. It is believed to play a major role in the development of many diseases of pancreas including induction of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. This study was designed to assess the ameliorative effect of metformin & L-glutamine administered either individually or in combination on pancreatic damage induced by chronic exposure to nicotine. Fifty-six adult male albino rats were divided into 7 weight matched groups of 8 animals per each group and treated once daily for a period of 10 weeks according to the following protocol; group I (normal control): left without intervention ; they were allowed to free access to balanced diet & distilled water for the end of the experiment, group II (metformin treated group; Met): metformin was administrated to normal rats at a dose of (150 mg/kg /day / orally); group III (glutamine group ; LG): in which L-glutamine was given to normal rats at a dose of 500 mg/kg by oral gavage); group IV (diseased non-treated group ;Nicotine) were injected subcutaneously with nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/day after day) to induce pancreatitis; group V (Nicotine +Met), VI (Nicotine +LG) &VII (Nicotine +Met + LG) were treated by (Nicotine +Met, Nicotine +LG & Nicotine +Met + LG respectively) by the same doses and routs described above. At the end of the experiment the following biochemical parameters were measured (fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin level, serum amylase and lipase level, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) & reduced glutathione; GSH) to investigate the protective effect of either or both drugs on pancreas. Additionally, histopathological evaluations of pancreatic tissues were assessed. The current study documented the damaging effect of nicotine on pancreas evidenced by significant increase of (blood glucose level due to decrease in plasma insulin level, serum lipase and amylase & TNF-α levels along with significant reduction of GSH in pancreatic tissue & heat shock protein -70. This was accompanied by histopathological alteration in pancreatic tissue. The previously mentioned parameters illustrate partial significant improvement in concomitant administration of individual or both metformin & L glutamine along with nicotine. In conclusion, cosupplementation of metformin and L glutamine documented to be anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant and antiinflammatory which can ameliorate the damaging effect of nicotine on pancreas. The combination use of both drugs produces more protective effect than each other alone.
Speckle Filtering Method in the Gonad Ultrasound Image for Mahseer’s Fish (Tor Tombroides)

In fish breeding production, it is crucial to know the maturation of the eggs before spawning. In order to do that, possible use of ultrasound in identifying the eggs in the gonad is investigated. From the previous studies, ultrasound imaging can be affected by speckle noise. Moreover, with the similarity and subtle difference between the speckle noise and mahseer eggs, there is a need to identify the suitable speckle filtering methods in order to find out the eggs in the gonad ultrasound image. Five speckle filtering methods, which are Mean, Median, Wiener, Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion (SRAD) and Optimized Bayesian Nonlocal Mean (OBNLM) are tested and compared. From the result, it is proven that Median filter is the best speckle filtering method compared to other four filtering method in order to eliminate the speckle noise in the gonad ultrasound image.
Security and Privacy Challenges in Large-Scale Cloud Computing using Signature Generation Algorithm

: In this paper, the secure data storage in clouds for a new decentralized access is proposed. Concerns like data leakage are common and can influence the original data owners drastically. Encrypting every data over the cloud which is a huge collection of data is not economically feasible. Signature Generation Algorithm (SGA) is proposed to authenticate the data access from the cloud to ensure the security of the data over cloud and their data sets. Evaluation results express that the secrecy and privacy of the data stored over the network is achieved efficiently and successfully.
Face Detection in Image using Modified Hausdorff Distance

— In computer technology face detection is the preprocessing step to recognize any face in an image. In face detection systems template matching method is used in several biometric applications. Biometric applications like video surveillance systems or face recognition need face detection system to achieve effective and robust results. Various face detection techniques use template matching method with Hausdorff distance in order to search the part of image more similar to an input image. Even though Hausdorff distance involves good and accurate results with low error rates, Overall strength can be increased if we adjust it to our existing application. In this paper we show how to adjust the distance between two point sets to improve the accuracy by presenting modified Hausdorff distance. Experiments show that our approach can achieve an accurate face detection even with changing light conditions and backgrounds.
The Extended Security in Mobile Ad-hoc Network with Modified PKI

: Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) technology spreads widely in these days. It is suitable for environments that need on fly setup. A lot challenges come with implementing these networks. The most sensitive challenge that MANET faces is the security issue. Traditional Public Key cryptography (PKC) and Identity based Cryptography (IBE) are slow and not suitable for these environments because of the nodes resources limitations. This paper is going to discuss the security of MANET using the PKI schemes in an efficient way. In this paper we have presented a new algorithm that will extend the drawbacks of PKI technique and make the network much secure and reliable for small and larger scale networks. Keys and certificates have to be issued to each node (trusted), neglecting malicious nodes on the track and finding the valid route to transfer the data.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with Fibromyalgia: Report from aFibromyalgia Clinic

Objectives: Fatigue and unrefreshing sleep are symptoms of fibromyalgia and part of its diagnostic criteria. The literature is inconsistent regarding the prevalence of sleep disorders in fibromyalgia. The purpose of the study was to determine if obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was more common in patients with fibromyalgia than in a general internal medicine clinic population. Methods: The records of 500 patients seen in a fibromyalgia clinic who fulfilled diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia were compared with 500 patients seen in a general internal medicine clinic who did not have the diagnosis of fibromyalgia. The presence of a diagnosis of OSA was abstracted from each record. Patients were matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample. Pearson χ2 test and Fisher exact test were used for analysis. Results: OSA was significantly more common in patients presenting to a fibromyalgia clinic compared with the patient population lacking the fibromyalgia diagnosis. This finding was independent of body mass index in overweight and moderately obese cohorts. Conclusion: Patients with fibromyalgia should be screened for OSA because treatment of sleep disorders may help with symptoms of fatigue and unrefreshing sleep.
A Survey of Mobile Cloud Computing Model and Big Data Analysis for Healthcare Applications

: This paper reviews networked healthcare and the role of mobile cloud computing and big data analytics in its enablement. The motivation and development of networked healthcare applications and systems are presented along with the adoption of cloud computing in healthcare. A cloudlet-based mobile cloud-computing infrastructure to be used for healthcare big data applications is described. The techniques, tools, and applications of big data analytics are reviewed. Conclusions are drawn concerning the design of networked healthcare systems using big data and mobile cloud-computing technologies.
Mathematical Tools Analysis for Effective Engineering and Technology Management Decisions

Mathematical tools play a vital role in any organization which makes the value of information depends on its application and use. Decision making is one of the most important functions performed by engineers in their domain. The future profitability and viability of engineering and technology management domain depend on effective decision making. The success of any mathematical tools in an organization largely depends on the quality of information that it generates that makes the process very effective and efficient when the large amounts of data is involved. This paper makes attempt to highlight the mathematical tools for making the better decisions in engineering and technology management domain. The theorems provided enable the critical features of the decisions in the field to be ascertained and techniques discussed for obtaining the underlying mathematical functions. However, the last decade’s changes in engineering and technology management spending and the global economy make the quality and timeliness of decisions more critical to success than ever before. Keyword: Decision, Engineering, Information, Management, Mathematical Tools, Organization, Technology
Amelioration of aluminium toxicity on seed germination and early seedling growth of Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] by 28-Homobrassinolide

Aluminium is the third most abundant element in earth s crust. Aluminium toxicity is manifested in acidic conditions in which phytotoxic form of Al 3 predominates. Open cast bauxite mining and refinement also significantly aggrevating aluminium toxicity. Excess of aluminium is a major soil constraint to food and biomass production (Vitorella, 2005). It is estimated that 40% of the arable soils of the world are acidic and therefore aluminium poisoining is vary important agricultural problem. Aluminium toxicity severely impairs root growth and interfere with water and mineral nutrient uptake.The use of plant growth promoting substances potentially improve the plant growth and productivity in metal challenged habitats. The prospects of employing plant growth regulators in mitigating the metal toxicity are immense.
A Study of Point-to-Point Routing Problem in Mazes

 Abstract — In this paper, a three-step design is proposed to solve the point-to-point problem in a given maze. First, a well-known “depth-first” algorithm is adopted to find all the possible connection among grids in the maze with a graph structure. The obtained graph will then be simplified by deleting both of non-intersection and non-end grids. Such a step will largely decrease the computation load for constructing the path between the starting grid and the desired destination in the given maze. Finally, based on simplified graph the Dijkstra’s algorithm is employed to find the shortest path between the starting grid and the destination. Numerical results of three typical examples are obtained to demonstrate the success of the proposed design.
A Comparative Study of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Cascaded H Bridge Multilevel Inverter Topology for Industrial Drive

1Research Scholar, Electrical Engg. Department, G. H. Raisoni college of Engg, Nagpur, India 2 Former Professor, Electrical Engg. Department, G.H. Raisoni college of Engg, Nagpur, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract In recent years multilevel inverter technology has become popular for medium and high power industrial applications. There are three main multilevel inverter topologies-Neutral Point Clamped, Flying Capacitor and Cascaded H Bridge. Cascaded H Bridge has become famous because of its modular design, simple control, reliability, availability and the absence of capacitor imbalance problem. In this paper we are focusing on this topology which is series connection of several H-Bridge cells with equal and un-equal magnitude of dc sources known as symmetrical and asymmetrical structure. Here symmetrical, binary asymmetrical and trinary asymmetrical topologies (formed by cascading two H-bridge cells) fed induction motor drives are compared in order to find an optimum arrangement with high quality output voltage. Performance of these structures is verified through computer simulation using MATLAB/Simulink.
Provable Data Possession at Untrusted Cloud Storage server

-Cloud computing is an upcoming technology, which offers various services. The services include infrastructure, platform or software services. The service provided by the cloud is over the internet. In the Cloud, the services are available quickly. The cloud has high demand in the market. Most of the organisation or user prefers their storage as on cloud storage and which is located at the remote place. The user has no control over the cloud storage data. The cloud computing uses the resources like Memory, storage and processor, which are not physically present at the user's location, rather they are located outside the premises and managed by a service provider. The user can access the resources via the Internet. The main focus of this paper is to check data integrity of file which is stored on remote cloud storage with less communication overhead. Security in terms of integrity is most vital aspects in cloud computing environment. In this paper, we focus on a cloud data security problem. We also, try to get a security with minimal computational overhead because all computation is done over the Internet. The different techniques are discussed for data integrity in cloud storage and their performance is measured in terms of computational overhead.
Automatic Detection of Whitefly Pest using Statistical Feature Extraction and Image Classification Methods

- Pest detection in plants and crops is essential for production of good quality food, improved quality of life and a stable agricultural economy. Excessive use of pesticides for pest control is harmful to plants, animals as well as human beings. Digital image processing along with computer vision techniques can be applied for early detection of pests and it can minimize amount of pesticides used in the plants. Generally, leaves are the most affected part of the plants. So, the study of interest is the leaf, rather than whole plant. Among many pests, the white fly is one of the most hazardous pests that affect the leaves. This paper presents an automated approach for detection of white fly pest from leaf images of various plants. Initially, image pre-processing techniques such as noise removal and contrast enhancement are used for improving the quality of image thus making it suitable for further processing. Then, k-means clustering method is used for segmenting pest from infected leaves. After that, texture features are extracted from those segmented images by statistical feature extraction methods such as Gray Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM) and Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Finally, various classifiers like Support Vector machine, Artificial Neural Network, Bayesian classifier, Binary decision tree classifier and k-Nearest neighbor classifier are used to distinguish between healthy leaf images from white fly pest infected leaf images.
Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Reed-Solomon Code on the Bit Error Rate (BER) of MIMO-GMSK and MIMO-MSK in a Noisy Multipath Rayleigh Fading Channel

- In this paper, the comparative analysis of the performance of Reed-Solomon code on BER of MIMO-GMSK and MIMO-MSK in a noisy multipath Rayleigh fading channel has been achieved. A Model-based design methodology was employed in this research using Simulink; it involved the design and simulation of a MIMO-GMSK and MIMO-MSK digital Modulation system with Reed-Solomon forward error correction method. The results obtained show that the Bit Error Rate (BER) increases as the error correction capability of the RS code decreases for the same ⁄ value. It was observed that a lower code word symbol RS code is more effective in correcting bit error and produces lower BER in MIMO-GMSK than MIMO-MSK in a noisy multipath Rayleigh channel. It was also observed that the BER decreases as the code word symbol increases for different ⁄ values in the MIMO-MSK system. However, the RS code performed better in correcting bit errors resulting from the effect of a noisy multipath Rayleigh fading channel in the MIMO-GMSK system than in the MIMO-MSK system.