Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elevated expression of M1 and M2 components and drug-induced posttranscriptional modulation of ribonucleotide reductase in a hydroxyurea-resistant mouse cell line.

Ribonucleotide reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of DNA, consists of two nonidentical subunits, proteins M1 and M2. Hydroxyurea, a specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis, acts by destroying the unique tyrosyl free radical of protein M2. In the past, we have described a mouse L cell line which exhibited a stable resistance to high concentrations of hydroxyurea [McClarty, G. A. , Chan, A. , & Wright, J.A. (1986) Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 12, 121-131]. When this line was grown in the absence of hydroxyurea, the cells contained a modest but stable elevation in ribonucleotide reductase activity. However, the activity was further increased on the addition of drug to the culture medium. This was accompanied by an increase in protein M2 activity as shown by activity titration experiments. Likewise, removal of hydroxyurea resulted in a decrease in M2 activity. In the present study, we make use of recently isolated cDNAs and monoclonal antibodies for both the M1 and M2 proteins to further our understanding of the mechanism of hydroxyurea resistance at the molecular level in a subclone of this cell line. Our results indicated that protein M1 levels were elevated 2-3-fold and protein M2 levels were increased about 50-fold in the mutant cells when they were grown in the absence of hydroxyurea, compared to wild-type cells. These protein increases were accompanied by corresponding elevations in the levels of mRNAs for both subunits and increased rates of transcription of both genes. There was a 6-fold amplification in the gene copy number for protein M2. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Telehealth Remote Monitoring Systematic Review

Aims: The aim was to summarize research on telehealth remote patient monitoring interventions that incorporate key elements of structured self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) identified as essential for improving A1C. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, and OVID Medline databases with search terms “Telemedicine” AND “Monitoring, Physiologic” AND “Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2. ” Study selection criteria included original randomized clinical trials evaluating the impact of telehealth remote patient monitoring on A1C among adults with type 2 diabetes and incorporated 1 or more essential elements of SMBG identified by the International Diabetes Federation (patient education, provider education, structured SMBG profile, SMBG goals, feedback, data used to modify treatment, interactive communication or shared decision making). Results: Fifteen studies were included, with interventions ranging from 3 to 12 months (mean 8 months) with sample sizes from 30 to 1665. Key SMBG elements were grouped into 3 categories: education, SMBG protocols, and feedback. Research incorporating 5 of the 7 elements consistently achieved significant A1C improvements between study groups. Interventions using more SMBG elements are associated with an improvement in A1C. Studies with the largest A1C decrease incorporated 6 of the 7 elements and computer decision support. Two studies with 5 of the 7 elements and active medication management achieved significant A1C decreases. Conclusion: Telehealth remote patient monitoring interventions in type 2 diabetes have not included all structured monitoring elements recommended by the IDF. Incorporating more elements of structured SMBG is associated with improved A1C.
Directionality Effects in Simultaneous Language Interpreting: The Case of Sign Language Interpreters in the Netherlands

The quality of interpretations produced by sign language interpreters was investigated. Twenty-five experienced interpreters were instructed to interpret narratives from (a) spoken Dutch to Sign Language of the Netherlands (SLN), (b) spoken Dutch to Sign Supported Dutch (SSD), and (c) SLN to spoken Dutch. The quality of the interpreted narratives was assessed by 5 certified sign language interpreters who did not participate in the study. Two measures were used to assess interpreting quality: the propositional accuracy of the interpreters’ interpretations and a subjective quality measure. The results showed that the interpreted narratives in the SLN-to-Dutch interpreting direction were of lower quality (on both measures) than the interpreted narratives in the Dutch-to-SLN and Dutch-to-SSD directions. Furthermore, interpreters who had begun acquiring SLN when they entered the interpreter training program performed as well in all 3 interpreting directions as inter- preters who had acquired SLN from birth.
An Explicit Equivalent Positive Semidefinite Program for Nonlinear 0-1 Programs

We consider the general nonlinear optimization problem in 0-1 variables and provide an explicit equivalent positive semidefinite program in 2n-1 variables. The optimal values of both problems are identical. From every optimal solution of the former, one easily finds an optimal solution of the latter, and conversely, from every solution of the latter, one may construct an optimal solution of the former. For illustration, the equivalent positive semidefinite program is explicated for quadratic 0-1 programs and MAX-CUT in $\mathbb{R}^3$. For unconstrained 0-1 programs, a special representation in terms of a weighted sum of squares is provided.
The Aging Hippocampus: Navigating Between Rat and Human Experiments

Aging is associated with impairments in certain aspects of cognition, especially learning and memory. The hippocampus is a structure intimately involved with certain aspects of learning and memory, and is especially vulnerable to the course of aging. Recent findings, primarily from cognitive, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies, but also briefly physiology and neurogenesis work, are reviewed. Evidence suggests that age-related impairment of hippocampus-dependent cognition is associated with changes on various levels of investigation in both humans and non-human animals. Also, the emphasis is placed on tasks and techniques that can be used to test both non-human and human animals in an attempt to bridge the gulf between the vast bodies of knowledge about the hippocampus in different species. To the extent that changes with normal aging are understood, they may aid in diagnosis, prevention, and/or treatment of age-related learning and memory deficits in both normal and pathological aging. In addition, studies of the aging hippocampus may have a side-effect in leading to a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie learning and memory in general.
Vehicles detection based on extremas in nighttime driving scene

The purpose of this study is to identify vehicles by detecting lights based on extremas in nighttime. This method has focused on headlights of vehicle that are high brightness and taillights of vehicle that are red in nighttime. Headlights are detected by grayscale images, and taillights are detected by red extracted images. In fact, The usefulness of this method is confirmed by using in-vehicle camera images.
Taking Profit from the Growing Use of Mobile Phone in Benin: A Contingent Valuation Approach for Market and Quality Information Access

An information systems-adapted Contingent Valuation survey was used to assess smallholder farmers' perceptions and the premium they are willing to pay (WTP) to get mobile phone-based information on market prices and product quality to overcome the recurrent information asymmetry issues in the chain. The investigations, consisting of an exploratory case study in Ghana followed by a survey with 285 observations in Benin, demonstrated that market information asymmetry indeed leads to lower prices for farmers. In Ghana, market price alerts through mobile phone messaging allowed decreasing transaction costs for farmers from US $2 to US $150 per transaction. In Benin, most farmers who are using mobile phones are WTP a premium of up to US$2.5 per month to get market price and quality information. Econometric models showed that decisive factors for the premium to be paid include farm location, market channel, profit margin, contact with agricultural extension services and technical support from buyers. The study suggests a multi-stakeholders' platform for an efficient and sustainable mobile phone-based market information system in agri-food chains.
Exceptionally High Rates of Biological Hydrogen Production by Biomimetic In Vitro Synthetic Enzymatic Pathways.

Hydrogen production by water splitting energized by biomass sugars is one of the most promising technologies for distributed green H2 production. Direct H2 generation from NADPH, catalysed by an NADPH-dependent, soluble [NiFe]-hydrogenase (SH1) is thermodynamically unfavourable, resulting in slow volumetric productivity. We designed the biomimetic electron transport chain from NADPH to H2 by the introduction of an oxygen-insensitive electron mediator benzyl viologen (BV) and an enzyme (NADPH rubredoxin oxidoreductase, NROR), catalysing electron transport between NADPH and BV. The H2 generation rates using this biomimetic chain increased by approximately five-fold compared to those catalysed only by SH1. The peak volumetric H2 productivity via the in vitro enzymatic pathway comprised of hyperthermophilic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconolactonase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, NROR, and SH1 was 310 mmol H2 /L h-1 , the highest rate yet reported. The concept of biomimetic electron transport chains could be applied to both in vitro and in vivo H2 production biosystems and artificial photosynthesis.
A LATTICE‐BASED APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF RECRUITMENT IN MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS

Multiagent systems constitute an independent topic at the intersection between distributed computing and artificial intelligence. As the algorithmic techniques and the applications for multiagent systems have been continuously developing over the last two decades reaching significantly mature stages, many methodological problems have been addressed. In this paper, we aim to contribute to this methodological assessment of multiagent systems by considering the problem of choosing, or recruiting, a subset of agents from a set of available agents to satisfy a given request. This problem, which we call problem of recruitment, is encountered, for example, in matchmaking and in task allocation. We present and study a novel formal approach to the problem of recruitment, based on the algebraic formalism of lattices. The resulting formal framework can support the development of algorithms for automatic recruitment.
Structural Changes in Stigmatella aurantiaca During Myxospore Induction

Suspension cultures of Stigmatella aurantiaca (Chondromyces aurantiacus) were induced to form myxospores by addition of glycerol to the growing culture. The cells were fixed at various stages during conversion, thin sections were prepared, and changes in fine structure were studied. Vegetative cells are quite similar in their ultrastructure to Myxococcus xanthus. During transformation into myxospores, three important cytological changes were observed. Granules of storage material, probably polysaccharide and polyphosphate, accumulated; a 200 to 300-μm thick capsule was laid down, and the outer triple layer of the cell wall became locally folded. These cell wall folds were often densely packed and lay in pockets formed by the cytoplasmic membrane. We have suggested the possibility that the cell may store in these folds wall material which has become superfluous by the decrease in surface area during conversion.
Upper and Lower Extremity Motor Function and Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract Motor impairments and cognitive dysfunction are common in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to delineate the relationship between cognitive capacity and upper and lower motor function in 211 MS patients, and 120 healthy volunteers. Lower and upper motor function were assessed with the Timed 25 Foot Walk (T25FW) and the Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT) as implemented in the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC). Subjects also underwent neuropsychological evaluation. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted separately for the MS and healthy groups with the T25FW and NHPT serving as the outcome measures. Cognitive performance indices served as predictors. As expected, healthy subjects performed better than the MS group on all measures. Processing speed and executive function tests were significant predictors of lower and upper motor function in both groups. Correlations were more robust in the MS group, where cognitive tests predicted variability in motor function after controlling for disease duration and physical disability. In conclusion, we find evidence of higher order cognitive control of motor function that appears to be particularly salient in this large and representative MS sample. The findings may have implications for risk assessment and treatment of mobility dysfunction in MS. (JINS, 2011, 17, 643–653)
Research of Calcium Phosphates Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

In the biomaterial research field, nowadays a great attention is driven onto calcium phosphates synthesis and obtaining of ceramics that can be used in orthopedics and dentistry, in the form of coatings, granules, porous or solid blocks, as well as in the form of various composite materials. The most frequently studied, clinically tested and used synthetic materials based on calcium phosphate (CaP) are hydroxyapatite [HAp Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2], ┚-tricalcium phosphate [┚-TCP Ca3(PO4)2] and biphasic HAp/┚-TCP mixture. CaP ceramic demonstrates high biocompatibility and bioactivity while it contacts bone cells, builds a direct chemical connection between bone tissues and ceramic implant. As practice shows, purchased materials, most often commercial CaP materials, not always have properties and qualities defined by the manufacturer. Frequently, the manufacturer’s information about the offered product is not complete or precise, by it troubling usage of raw CaP material for development of implants. The most common imperfections of CaP materials are – unpredictable properties after the high temperature treatment (composition and clarity of crystal phases, chemical composition, thermal stability, etc.) which become clear only after the high temperature treatment of the ready implant material has occurred. For several years, Riga Biomaterial Innovation and Development Centre (RBIDC) of Riga Technical University perform a wide range of property studies of various commercial CaP raw materials.
Aerobic and Anaerobic Energy Contribution during Maximal Work Output in 90 s Determined with Various Ergocycle Workloads

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of different workloads on the relative contribution of the various energy delivery systems during a 90-s ergocycle test. Nine male subjects, 22 +/- 1 (mean +/- SD) years of age and weighing 71.4 +/- 6.8 kg, were submitted to a VO2max test, as 10-s test (0.1 kp/kg) and three 90-s tests at different loads (LO: 0.05, ME: 0.075 and HI: 0.1 kp/kg) on an ergocycle. No difference was found between peak power output during the 10-s and HI tests. No differences were observed in the total work output performed during 90 s at different workloads (between 481 and 495 J/kg) as well as in the contribution of aerobic and anaerobic pathways to total energy production. However, VO2max was reached earlier during the ME and HI tests than during the LO test. These results indicate that variation in workload did not influence the total work output and the total contribution of aerobic and anaerobic systems during maximal 90-s ergocycle performances. However, variation in workload had an impact on the relative aerobic and anaerobic contribution at various time points. It is concluded that a 90-s ergocycle test with a resistance of at least 0.1 kp/kg is required to appropriately assess maximal anaerobic power while anaerobic capacity might be measured with workloads as low as 0.05 kp/kg.
Extranodal NK/T-cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type: Study of Clinicopathologic and Prognosis Factors in a Series of 78 Cases From Peru

It is well known that extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NK/TCL) nasal type clusters in Asian countries. A large series of 78 cases of nasal NK/TCL from Peru is analyzed in the present study. Two histologic groups 1 (monomorphic) and 2 (polymorphic), were segregated according to the proportion of large cells (above and below 30%, respectively). Catalyzed signal amplification technique was performed for enhancement of immunohistochemistry reactivities. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) sequences and types were investigated using polymerase chain reaction. Clinical characteristics, stage, outcome, and response to treatment were evaluated in both groups. Fourteen cases (18%) and 64 cases (82%) corresponded to groups 1 and 2, respectively. Except for nasal obstruction, more common in group 2, all other symptoms were similar in both groups. Local extension and staging were also comparable. Both groups showed CD3c+CD2+CD56+CD3s−CD20− immunophenotype. All cases were positive for EBV. In this series type-2 EBV was found more frequent than type-1 EBV, contrarily to that observed in Asian series. However, about one-third of cases simultaneously harbored both viral types. Both groups received an average of 50-Gy dose of radiation therapy (RT), with or without chemotherapy. Complete therapeutic response was achieved in 89% of group 1 and in 74% of group 2, but this difference was not statistically significant. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding disease-free survival, failure-free survival, relapse, and overall survival. The overall survival, in both groups, was longer for patients treated with RT alone compared with those treated with combined RT therapy and chemotherapy. The present study has shown that dividing nasal NK/TCL in monomorphic and polymorphic variants, according to frequency of large cells, does not correlate with clinical and prognostic factors.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells: New Approaches to Improve Their Efficacy and Reduce Toxicity

Abstract The durable remission of B-cell leukemia and lymphoma following chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has brought this new form of adoptive immunotherapy to center stage with the expectation that CAR T-cell therapy may provide similar efficacy in other hematologic and solid cancers. Herein, we review recent advances in the areas of CAR design that improve CAR T-cell proliferation, engraftment, and efficacy, as well as clinical application strategies that are designed to improve clinical efficacy while reducing the risk of toxicity and broaden patient access to this promising form of cancer immunotherapy.
TGFβ mediated structural remodeling facilitates optic fissure fusion and the necessity of BMP antagonism in this process

The optic fissure is a transient gap in the developing vertebrate eye, which must be closed as development proceeds. A persisting optic fissure, coloboma, is a major cause for blindness in children. Multiple factors are genetically linked to coloboma formation. However, especially the process of optic fissure fusion is still largely elusive on a cellular and molecular basis. We found a coloboma phenotype in mice with a targeted inactivation of the transforming growth factor 2 (TGFβ2). Here the optic fissure margins got in touch, however, failed to fuse. Transcriptomic analyses indicated TGFβ mediated ECM remodeling during optic fissure fusion. For functional analyses, we switched model systems and made use of zebrafish. We found TGFβ ligands expressed in the developing zebrafish eye, and the ligand binding receptor in the optic fissure. Using a new in vivo TGFβ signaling reporter, we also found active TGFβ signaling in the margins of the optic fissure. We addressed the function of Cadherin 6 (cdh6), one of the TGFβ regulated genes, by knock down experiments in zebrafish and found a prominent coloboma phenotype. Cdh6 was often found involved in processes of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), strengthening our hypothesis that an EMT-like process is also necessary for optic fissure fusion. Furthermore, we found Gremlin 2b (grem2b) and Follistatin a (fsta), homologs of TGFβ regulated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists, expressed in the optic fissure margins, indicating the necessity of a localized inhibition of BMP signaling. Finally, we show that induced BMP expression is sufficient to inhibit optic fissure fusion. Together with our previous findings this indicates a dual role of BMP signaling during optic fissure closure. Summary statement TGFβ is crucial for optic fissure fusion, involving cdh6. TGFβ mediated optic fissure fusion is potentially hampered by BMP signaling, which is blocked by TGFβ induced BMP antagonists within the optic fissure margins.
Influence of eddy currents on reversal processes in nanocubes depending on size

The effect of eddy currents on reversal processes in Permalloy nanocubes has been studied. Three different behaviors have been found in the size range covered (8 nm-40 nm). The magnetization of small nanocubes rotate quasicoherently and the effect of eddy currents is found to be negligible. For the largest nanocubes evaluated the reversal process is achieved by means of a curling-like process. In this case, the effect of eddy currents favors the magnetization curling and triggers the reversal reducing the switching time. For the intermediate size, (L=32 nm), a different behavior is found. The magnetization is trapped in a vortex-like state, and the switching takes place in three stages. Eddy currents speed up vortex formation whereas they delay the complete reversal.
Antiangiogenesis, Loss of Cell Adhesion and Apoptosis Are Involved in Antitumoral Activity of Proteases in Murine Melanoma B16F1 V. cundinamarcensis (C. candamarcensis)

The proteolytic enzymes from V. cundinamarcensis latex, (P1G10), display healing activity in animal models following various types of lesions. P1G10 or the purified isoforms act as mitogens on fibroblast and epithelial cells by stimulating angiogenesis and wound healing in gastric and cutaneous ulcers models. Based on evidence that plant proteinases act as antitumorals, we verified this effect on a murine melanoma model. The antitumoral
Gbu Glycine Betaine Porter and Carnitine Uptake in Osmotically Stressed Listeria monocytogenes Cells

ABSTRACT The food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes grows actively under high-salt conditions by accumulating compatible solutes such as glycine betaine and carnitine from the medium. We report here that the dominant transport system for glycine betaine uptake, the Gbu porter, may act as a secondary uptake system for carnitine, with a Km of 4 mM for carnitine uptake and measurable uptake at carnitine concentrations as low as 10 μM. This porter has a Km for glycine betaine uptake of about 6 μM. The dedicated carnitine porter, OpuC, has a Km for carnitine uptake of 1 to 3 μM and a Vmax of approximately 15 nmol/min/mg of protein. Mutants lacking either opuC or gbu were used to study the effects of four carnitine analogs on growth and uptake of osmolytes. In strain DP-L1044, which had OpuC and the two glycine betaine porters Gbu and BetL, triethylglycine was most effective in inhibiting growth in the presence of glycine betaine, but trigonelline was best at inhibiting growth in the presence of carnitine. Carnitine uptake through OpuC was inhibited by γ-butyrobetaine. Dimethylglycine inhibited both glycine betaine and carnitine uptake through the Gbu porter. Carnitine uptake through the Gbu porter was inhibited by triethylglycine. Glycine betaine uptake through the BetL porter was strongly inhibited by trigonelline and triethylglycine. These results suggest that it is possible to reduce the growth of L. monocytogenes under osmotically stressful conditions by inhibiting glycine betaine and carnitine uptake but that to do so, multiple uptake systems must be affected.