Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Análise do Aprendizado Federado em Redes Móveis

A aquisição cada vez maior de informações pessoais para personalização de serviços coloca em cheque a privacidade dos usuários. No contexto do aprendizado federado, a privacidade pode ser preservada com o compartilhamento apenas de pesos sinápticos de redes neurais entre clientes e servidores. Este trabalho avalia o impacto de diferentes parâmetros de redes de computadores no desempenho de modelos de aprendizado federado em um cenário composto por clientes móveis. Para isso, o desempenho das redes neurais convolucionais para classiﬁcação de imagens é considerado com o uso do conjunto de dados CIFAR-10. Os experimentos realizados utilizam o framework Flower para avaliar parâmetros comuns em redes móveis como latência, conectividade, volume de dados e disponibilidade dos clientes. Os resultados indicam que, além do aumento no tempo total de treinamento, um aumento no número de usuários desconectados em uma rodada de treinamento pode até mesmo reduzir o desempenho do modelo federado. Esses resultados reforçam a necessidade de orquestração cliente-servidor para adaptação dinâmica às condições de rede.
Diversity of Pinus pumila-dominated communities on the Kamchatka Peninsula

Abstract On the Kamchatka Peninsula, Far East Russia, Pinus pumila-dominated communities occur from sea level up to 1200 m and geographically from the southern extremity of the peninsula up to the Kamchatka Isthmus and the Koryak Upland. Variation in species composition and abundance in P. pumila stands are determined mainly by the habitat’s moisture, soil fertility (expressed as the litter-humus coefficient) and altitude. The fertility level of the habitats has a significant positive impact especially on the abundance of the herb layer species, and to a lesser extent on the cover of the shrub layer. The growth of dwarf-shrubs and lichens is inhibited in habitats with better fertility. In relation to the fertility gradient, the vertical structure of the communities is also changing explicitly; the thickness of snow cover and exposition has a modest effect on the vegetation of P. pumila stands on Kamchatka. The analysed set of 272 relevés were clustered into six community type groups: (i) pure dwarf-pine communities, (ii) shrub-rich communities, (iii) dwarf-shrub-rich communities, (iv) herb-grass-rich communities, (v) moss-rich communities and (vi) lichen-rich communities; further 18 community types were established. They have a fairly good correspondence with most of the syntaxa described by previous scholars, but this is not always the case.
Modélisation et commande non linéaire pour un hélicoptère birotor coaxial

In this paper a simplified model and a nonlinear control algorithm for a small-size coaxial helicopter are presented. The model of the helicopter dynamics is obtained in hover conditions and the proposed control law is based on backstepping techniques. By neglecting the small body forces due to the mechanism used to obtain torque control, a dynamic controller is developed. Some simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of such a controller.
Measuring mRNA Decay with Roadblock‐qPCR

The control of mRNA stability is fundamental to gene regulation, and a deeper understanding of this post‐transcriptional regulatory step can provide key insights into gene function. Measuring mRNA half‐lives directly, however, is challenging. The most common strategies for evaluating mRNA stability and decay involve blocking general transcription and then measuring the decline in mRNA levels over time. The downside of these approaches, however, is that they severely impact cell function and viability, indirectly perturbing gene expression. Here, we describe Roadblock‐qPCR, a simple method for measuring mRNA decay kinetics in living cells that is both economical and quick. Cells are first incubated with the nucleoside analog 4‐thiouridine (4sU), which is readily incorporated into nascent mRNAs during transcription. RNA is then extracted and treated with N‐ethylmaleimide (NEM), a sulfhydryl alkylating agent that selectively modifies 4sU, before proceeding to cDNA synthesis. Because the NEM‐modified 4sU creates a chemical “roadblock” that interferes with reverse transcription, this treatment ultimately results in the depletion of the nascent 4sU‐containing transcripts from the cDNA pool. As such, the decay rate of the non‐4sU‐labeled pre‐existing mRNAs can be monitored by quantitative PCR (qPCR). In combination with spike‐in standards, this approach can be used to efficiently and accurately measure the half‐lives of endogenous mRNAs with a wide range of stabilities, while avoiding the artifacts of transcription shutoff strategies. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Site-Based Payment Differentials for Ambulatory Services among Individuals with Commercial Insurance.

OBJECTIVE To compare prices paid by commercial insurers for ambulatory services in physician office and hospital outpatient settings. DATA SOURCES MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database obtained from Truven Health Analytics. STUDY DESIGN We examined ambulatory service claims for a sample of privately insured individuals who were continuously enrolled in a health maintenance organization plan, preferred provider organization plan, high-deductible/consumer-driven health plan, or exclusive provider organization plan in 2018. We categorized services into five categories: Evaluation & Management, Medical Services & Procedures, Pathology/Lab, Radiology, and Surgical. We identified services commonly provided in both outpatient and office settings and computed the price differential between outpatient and office services overall and for each service category, controlling for observable patient characteristics and geography. DATA COLLECTION We examined 89 services (defined by Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] code) that were provided in both office and outpatient settings in our sample (102.7 million claims, 8.3 million individuals). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Adjusting for patient and geographic characteristics and across all services, total payment for an ambulatory service was, on average, 145 percent higher in a hospital outpatient department than the same service in a physician office. Out-of-pocket spending was 109 percent higher. Price differences between outpatient and office services were highest for pathology/laboratory services. Patients receiving services in outpatient departments had higher mean risk scores and received more services on the date of their visit (in addition to the index CPT being studied) than patients receiving the same index CPT in a physician's office. CONCLUSIONS Payments in hospital outpatient departments were significantly higher than payments for the same services in physician offices among commercially insured patients. Policies such as site neutral payment would lower costs and could reduce incentives for further consolidation in health care markets. Care must be given to adjust for patient severity across settings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Interactions of a High-Speed Jet with a Flat Plate

The flow and acoustic characteristics of an underexpanded circular jet issuing from a sonic nozzle, which interacts with a flat plate located parallel to the jet axis, is investigated experimentally. Measurements include flow visualization, plate surface pressure distribution, and sound pressure level. From these measurements it was found that there exists a complex flow field containing a shock/boundary layer interaction. Furthermore from the sound measurement it was shown that screech tone vanishes when the flat plate comes close to the jet axis. Basically the existence of the flat plate affects the frequency and amplitude of screech. When the plate is thin, the flat plate radiates sound including its natural frequency and screech tone frequency.
Cloning and expression of class I chitinase gene from four mangrove species under heavy metal stress

AimsCu, Pb and Cd are common heavy metals in mangroves. Objective to clone chitinase I gene in mangrove plants and explore the role of chitinase I gene in plants under heavy metal stress. MethodsHomologous cloning and RACE cloning were used to clone chitinase type I gene in mangrove plants, and bioinformatics analysis software was used to analyze and predict gene structure and functional domain. The mRNA expression pattern of chitinase gene in mangrove plants under heavy metal stress was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR analysis. ResultsAll Four cDNA with a full length of 1092 bp, and an ORF (open reading frame) 831 bp, coding with 276 amino acids, while are differences in the sequences among the four species. Four genes owned signal peptide and were located at vacuole inside the cell. Protein sequence domain analysis indicates that all have the same typical structural characteristics of GH19 chitinase family. The sequence of CHI had high similarity to the protein sequences of Camellia fraternal chitinases. Real-time PCR was used to analyze the expression of CHI under different concentration heavy metal with time of four mangrove species. The gene expression of CHI I was highly induced in the B.gymnorrhiza leaves than other mangrove species. With the increase of heavy metal stress time, the expression level of B.gymnorrhiza increased continuously.ConclusionChitinase was induced under heavy metal in mangrove plants, and chitinase plays an active part in heavy metal tolerance in mangrove plants which was located at vacuole inside the cell.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow over a Dimpled Flat Plate Using an Immersed Boundary Technique

Many methods of passive flow control rely on changes to surface morphology. Roughening surfaces to induce boundary layer transition to turbulence and in turn delay separation is a powerful approach to lowering drag on bluff bodies. While the influence in broad terms of how roughness and other means of passive flow control to delay separation on bluff bodies is known, basic mechanisms are not well understood. Of particular interest for the current work is understanding the role of surface dimpling on boundary layers. A computational approach is employed and the study has two main goals. The first is to understand and advance the numerical methodology utilized for the computations. The second is to shed some light on the details of how surface dimples distort boundary layers and cause transition to turbulence. Simulations are performed of the flow over a simplified configuration: the flow of a boundary layer over a dimpled flat plate. The flow is modeled using an immersed boundary as a representation of the dimpled surface along with direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations. The dimple geometry used is fixed and is that of a spherical depression in the flat plate with a depth-to-diameter ratio of 0.1. The dimples are arranged in staggered rows separated by spacing of the center of the bottom of the dimples by one diameter in both the spanwise and streamwise dimensions. The simulations are conducted for both two and three staggered rows of dimples. Flow variables are normalized at the inlet by the dimple depth and the Reynolds number is specified as 4000 (based on freestream velocity and inlet boundary layer thickness). First and second order statistics show the turbulent boundary layers correlate well to channel flow and flow of a zero pressure gradient flat plate boundary layers in the viscous sublayer and the buffer layer, but deviates further away from the wall. The forcing of transition to turbulence by the dimples is unlike the transition caused by a naturally transitioning flow, a small perturbation such as trip tape in experimental flows, or noise in the inlet condition for computational flows.
Pengaruh literasi keuangan terhadap kinerja dan keberlangsungan UMKM di Jawa Tengah

Dalam menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) 2016, terwujudnya manajemen yang baik, pengelolaan keuangan yang akuntabel, dan nilai tambah yang otentik merupakan kunci sukses bagi UMKM dalam bersaing di pasar global. UMKM kreatif merupakan bagian tak terpisahkan dari ekonomi bernilai tambah yang menjadi daya saing utama Indonesia untuk MEA 2016. Jawa Tengah sebagai salah satu provinsi yang memiliki berbagai jenis sentra kreatif memiliki peran besar sebagai model acuan bagi provinsi lain dalam pengembangan UMKM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh literasi keuangan terhadap kinerja dan keberlangsungan UMKM di Jawa Tengah. Model persamaan struktural digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian mengkonfirmasi adanya pengaruh literasi keuangan terhadap kinerja dan keberlangsungan usaha UMKM kreatif di Jawa Tengah. Hal ini memiliki implikasi bahwa dengan literasi keuangan yang baik diharapkan UMKM akan mampu membuat keputusan manajemen dan keuangan yang tepat untuk peningkatan kinerja dan keberlanjutan usaha. Dengan temuan ini diharapkan muncul dukungan yang signifikan dari pemerintah sebagai regulator, akademisi sebagai edukator, swasta sebagai katalisator, dan komunitas sebagai pendorong untuk pengembangan literasi keuangan pada UMKM di Jawa Tengah.
A Modular Atom Probe Concept: Design, Operational Aspects, and Performance of an Integrated APT-FIB/SEM Solution

Abstract Atomic probe tomography (APT) is able to generate three-dimensional chemical maps in atomic resolution. The required instruments for APT have evolved over the last 20 years from an experimental to an established method of materials analysis. Here, we describe the realization of a new modular instrument concept that allows the direct attachment of APT to a dual-beam SEM microscope with the main achievement of fast and direct sample transfer and high flexibility in chamber and component configuration. New operational modes are enabled regarding sample geometry, alignment of tips, and the microelectrode. The instrument is optimized to handle cryo-samples at all stages of preparation and storage. It comes with its own software for evaluation and reconstruction. The performance in terms of mass resolution, aperture angle, and detection efficiency is demonstrated with a few application examples.
The Autonomous Platforms Inertial Dataset

One of the critical tasks required for fully autonomous functionality is the ability to achieve an accurate navigation solution; that is, to determine the platform position, velocity, and orientation. Various sensors, depending on the vehicle environment (air, sea, or land), are employed to achieve this goal. In parallel to the development of novel navigation and sensor fusion algorithms, machine-learning based algorithms are penetrating into the navigation and sensor fusion fields. An excellent example for this trend is pedestrian dead reckoning, used for indoor navigation, where both classical and machine learning approaches are used to improve the navigation accuracy. To facilitate machine learning algorithms’ derivation and validation for autonomous platforms, a huge quantity of recorded sensor data is needed. Unfortunately, in many situations, such datasets are not easy to collect or are not publicly available. To advance the development of accurate autonomous navigation, this paper presents the autonomous platforms inertial dataset. It contains inertial sensor raw data and corresponding ground truth trajectories. The dataset was collected using a variety of platforms including a quadrotor, two autonomous underwater vehicles, a land vehicle, a remote controlled electric car, and a boat. A total of 805.5 minutes of recordings were made using different types of inertial sensors, global navigation satellite system receivers, and Doppler velocity logs. After describing the sensors that were employed for the recordings, a detailed description of the conducted experiments is provided. The autonomous platform inertial dataset is available at: https://github.com/ansfl/Navigation-Data-Project/.
Dependence of rainfall-runoff model transferability on climate conditions in Iran

ABSTRACT This study investigates the potential differences between spatial and temporal transferability of the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) rainfall-runoff model parameters in 576 Iranian catchments. Our goal is to determine how parameter transferability is affected by (a) parameter transfer modes (temporal or spatial) and (b) different climate conditions. In the temporal mode, we make decisions in each catchment based on a benchmark baseline that accounts for the seasonality of flows. In the spatial mode, we examine physical similarity and spatial proximity methods. The main conclusions are that: (1) the HBV model struggles to beat the benchmark in lowland catchments; (2) under stationary conditions, rainfall-runoff models have greater temporal transferability than spatial transferability; (3) under non-stationary climate conditions, the number of catchments that perform best in terms of temporal transferability is smaller than in stationary climate conditions; and (4) the rainfall-runoff model has better transferability from drier to wetter conditions.
“Because if I don’t hold his hand then I might as well not be there”: Experiences of Dutch and UK care home visiting during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Objectives: To explore and compare the experiences of care home visits during the pandemic in the UK and the Netherlands. Design: Qualitative semi-structured interview studies Setting and Participants: Family carers of relatives residing in care homes in the UK and the Netherlands were interviewed remotely. Methods: Family carers were asked about their experiences of care home visits during the pandemic, and specifically in the Netherlands after care homes had reopened. Transcripts were analyzed in each country separately in the native language using thematic analysis, before discussing findings at multiple analysis meetings. Results: Across 125 interviews, we developed four themes: (1) different types of contact during lockdown; (2) deterioration of resident health and well-being; (3) emotional distress of both visitors and residents; and (4) compliance to guidelines and regulations. Visiting in both the UK and the Netherlands was beneficial, if possible in the UK, yet was characterized by alternative forms of face-to-face visits which was emotionally distressing for many family carers and residents. In the Netherlands, government guidance did enable early care home visitation, while the UK was lacking any guidance leading to care homes implementing restrictions differently. Conclusions and Implications: Early and clear guidance, as well as communication, is required in future pandemics, and in this ongoing pandemic, to enable care home visits between residents and loved ones. It is important to take learnings from this global pandemic to reimagine long-term care, highlighting the value of socializing for care home residents.
Telemedicine catches on: changes in the utilization of telemedicine services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVES To determine the degree of telemedicine expansion overall and across patient subpopulations and diagnoses. We hypothesized that telemedicine visits would increase substantially due to the need for continuity of care despite the disruptive effects of COVID-19. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study of health insurance claims for telemedicine visits from January 1, 2018, through March 10, 2020 (prepandemic period), and March 11, 2020, through October 31, 2020 (pandemic period). METHODS We analyzed claims from 1,589,777 telemedicine visits that were submitted to Independence Blue Cross (Independence) from telemedicine-only providers and providers who traditionally deliver care in person. The primary exposure was the combination of individual behavior changes, state stay-at-home orders, and the Independence expansion of billing policies for telemedicine. The comparison population consisted of telemedicine visits in the prepandemic period. RESULTS Telemedicine increased rapidly from a mean (SD) of 773 (155) weekly visits in prepandemic 2020 to 45,632 (19,937) weekly visits in the pandemic period. During the pandemic period, a greater proportion of telemedicine users were older, had Medicare Advantage insurance plans, had existing chronic conditions, or resided in predominantly non-Hispanic Black or African American Census tracts compared with during the prepandemic period. A significant increase in telemedicine claims containing a mental health-related diagnosis was observed. CONCLUSIONS Telemedicine expanded rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic across a broad range of clinical conditions and demographics. Although levels declined later in 2020, telemedicine utilization remained markedly higher than 2019 and 2018 levels. Trends suggest that telemedicine will likely play a key role in postpandemic care delivery.
Anatomy of a Disaster: A Structural Investigation of the World Trade Center Collapses

The purpose of this study is to analyze the damage to the structure of each of the WTC Twin Towers due to the high speed impacts of the Boeing 767 airplanes and subsequent fires such as to elucidate why the Twin Towers stood for as long as they did, and why they ultimately collapsed. The Boeing 767 airplane attacks on WTC 1 and WTC 2 caused immediate and significant structural damage to the towers: In each case, exterior columns were severed and the floor system at the point of impact was damaged. The airplanes broke up during the impact and the resulting projectiles and fragments proceeded to inflict further damage to the core. Much of the impact damage to the exterior walls of the towers was evident. However, damage to the interior was not visible and cannot be quantified on the basis of the physical evidence. Dynamic nonlinear explicit finite element FLEX simulations coupled with independently validated airplane crash models were leveraged to understand and assess the structural states of damage to the tower interiors that could not be observed; this includes the degradation or loss of the load carrying capacity of columns and floor assemblies as well as the stripping of fireproofing from structural members. The impact damage to the structure was substantial but so were the reserve capacity and redundancy of the structure. Iterative analyses of the load redistribution in the impact damaged towers clearly indicate that the that the outer tube structure was very effective in developing Vierendeel action around the severed exterior columns and that the outrigger hat truss provided a substantial redundant load path away from the damaged core columns. Although not specifically designed for this purpose, the hat trusses served to delay the eventual collapse of the towers. These analyses also indicate that the damage to the corner of the core in WTC 2 left it in a state more vulnerable to subsequent thermal loads compared to WTC 1. This eccentric damage, more than the height of the airplane impact, resulted in a shorter time to collapse for WTC 2, considering that the fire environments in both towers were not meaningfully different. Further degradation or loss of the load carrying capacity of columns stripped of fireproofing by direct debris impact and heated by fire is shown to be the cause of each collapse. The examination of smoke flow from each building indicates that there were no floor collapses subsequent to the initial impact throughout the fire [1] and our 1 Chief Technology Officer, Weidlinger Associates Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, NY 10014. Phone: 212.367. 3000. Email: abboud@wai.com. 2 Chairman, Weidlinger Associates Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, NY 10014. Phone: 212.367. 3000. Email: levy@wai.com. 3 Weidlinger Associates, Inc., 4410 El Camino Real, Los Altos, CA 94022. Phone: 650.949. 3010 4 Weidlinger Associates, Inc, 2525 Michigan Avenue, Santa Monica, CA 90404. Phone: 310.998. 9154