Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Frame Rate Vector Flow Imaging Technique: Initial Application in Evaluating the Hemodynamic Changes of Carotid Stenosis Caused by Atherosclerosis

Objective: To investigate the value of high-frame rate vector flow imaging technique (V flow) in evaluating the hemodynamic changes of carotid stenosis caused by atherosclerotic plaques. Methods and Materials: In this prospective study, patients with stenosis rate (diameter) ≥30% caused by carotid atherosclerotic plaques were included. Degrees of carotid stenosis were graded according to North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial criteria: moderate (30–69%) or severe (70–99%). Mindray Resona 7s ultrasound machine with a linear array transducer (3–11 MHz) was used for ultrasound examinations. The mean WSS value of carotid arteries was measured at the proximal, narrowest region and distal of carotid stenosis. The mean WSS values were correlated with peak systolic velocity (PSV) measured by color Doppler flow imaging and stenosis degree detected by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The vector arrows and flow streamline detected by V flow dynamic imaging were analyzed. Imaging findings of DSA in carotid arteries were used as the gold standard. Results: Finally, 51 patients were included. V flow measurements were performed successfully in 17 patients (100%) with moderate-grade stenosis and in 30 patients (88.2%) with severe-grade stenosis. Dynamic V flow imaging showed yellow or red vectors at the stenotic segment, indicating fast speed blood flow (up to 260.92 cm/s). Changes of streamlines were detected in the stenotic segment. The mean WSS value measured at the narrowest region of the carotid artery had a moderately positive correlation with stenosis degree (r = 0.58, P < 0.05) and PSV value (r = 0.54, P < 0.05), respectively. Significant difference was detected in mean WSS value at the narrowest region of the carotid artery between severe carotid stenosis (1.47 ± 0.97 Pa) and moderate carotid stenosis (0.96 ± 0.44 Pa) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The hemodynamic changes detected by V flow of the carotid stenosis might be a potential non-invasive imaging tool for assessing the degree of carotid stenosis.
Review of Control Strategies for DC Nano-Grid

As an emerging energy management technology, the DC nano-grid coordinates renewable energy sources output through demand-side management which would provide more options and flexibility for the dispatch of smart buildings and communities with high reliability and efficiency. In this context, this article has analyzed the structure and components of the DC nano-grid. The role and components in DC nano-grid are reviewed in this article. Then the crucial control technologies for the DC nano-grid in recent years are investigated from two aspects: local control and coordinated control, which contains control schemes such as voltage/current control technology, power-sharing technology and cooperative control technology. Different control strategies at various levels are compared and their application scenarios, advantages and disadvantages are also analyzed. The current research progress and challenges are summarized at the end of this article.
Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide Alleviates Demyelination and Improves Cognitive Function by Promoting Mitochondrial Dynamics in White Matter Lesions

White matter lesions (WMLs) are a type of cerebrovascular disorder accompanied by demyelination and cognitive decline. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (D1-NBP) is a neuroprotective drug used for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, although the function of DI-NBP on WML is still not clear. This study aims to investigate whether DI-NBP affects cognitive function and ameliorates demyelination in a model of WML. The bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) mouse model and in vitro brain slice cultures with low glucose and low oxygen (LGLO) treatment were adopted. The Dl-NBP was administered intragastrically for 28 days after BCAS or added at a dose of 50 μm for 48 h after LGLO. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated by an eight-arm radial maze. Demyelination was detected using a TEM. Mitochondrial dynamics were assessed by time-lapse imaging in the cultured brain slices. The function of the synapse was evaluated by the patch clamp technique. In BCAS mice, obvious demyelination and cognitive decline were observed, while both were significantly relieved by a high-dose D1-NBP treatment (100 mg/kg). Along with demyelination, mitochondrial accumulation in the axons was significantly increased in the BCAS mice model, but with the treatment of a high-dose D1-NBP, mitochondrial accumulation was mitigated, and the anterograde/retrograde transport of mitochondria was increased. Following the improved anterograde/retrograde transport of mitochondria, the synapse activity was significantly upregulated while the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was remarkably decreased in the cultured brain slices. In addition, we identified syntaphilin (SNPH) as the downstream target of D1-NBP. The overexpression of SNPH mediated the effects of D1-NBP in mitigating axonal mitochondrial accumulation. In conclusion, the D1-NBP treatment significantly relieved demyelination and improved spatial learning and memory in the WML model by promoting mitochondrial dynamics. These neuroprotective effects of D1-NBP were mediated by inhibiting the mitochondrial arching protein, SNPH, which provided a potential therapeutic target for WML.
Protocol for a Phase Two, Parallel Three-Armed Non-inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT-Adjust) Comparing Face-to-Face and Video Conferencing Delivery to Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury Experiencing Psychological Distress

Background: People with traumatic brain injury (TBI) face a range of mental health challenges during the adjustment process post-injury, but access to treatment can be difficult, particularly for those who live in regional and remote regions. eHealth provides the potential to improve access to evidence-based psychological therapy for people with a severe TBI. The aim of the current study is to assess the efficacy of a psychological intervention delivered via video consulting to reduce psychological distress in people with TBI. Methods: This paper outlines the protocol for a multi-center, three-arm, parallel, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an evidence-based manualized psychological intervention, ACT-Adjust. ACT-Adjust provides nine sessions for adults with a moderate to severe TBI experiencing clinical levels of psychological distress. Fifty-six participants referred from Brain Injury Rehabilitation Units across New South Wales (NSW) and the NSW icare scheme will be randomly allocated to three conditions; (1) video consulting (VC), (2) face-to-face (FtF) and, (3) a waitlist control (WL). Discussion: This is the first RCT to evaluate the efficacy of a psychological therapy (ACT-Adjust) delivered via video consulting for individuals with a moderate to severe TBI. Trial Registration: www.anzctr. org.au, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ANZCTRN2619001602112.
Inhibition of Autophagy Prevents Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) Protection on Cardiac Myocytes Against Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Injury, Ca2+ Homeostasis and Associated Apoptosis

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is often closely linked to autophagy, hypoxia signaling, mitochondrial biogenesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses. Understanding the interaction between ER stress, mitochondrial function and autophagy is of great importance to provide new mechanisms for the pathology, prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Our previous study has reported that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) protection against thapsigargin (TG)-induced ER stress response and associated cell apoptosis in cardiac myocytes is calcium dependent and mediated by ER Ca2+ release through RyR2. However, whether its protection upon ER stress and associated apoptosis is related to mitochondrial function and autophagy remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the roles of PNS played in TG-induced mitochondrial function, ROS accumulation and autophagy. We also assessed its effects on Ca2+ homeostasis, ER stress response and associated cell death in the presence of autophagy inhibition. PNS-pretreated primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were stimulated with TG to induce ER stress response. Mitochondrial potential (Δψm) was measured by JC-1. The general and mitochondrial ROS were measured by DCFH-DA and MitoSOX Red, respectively. Autophagy was evaluated by immunofluorescence of LC3, and immunoblots of LC3, p62, ATG7 and PINK1. In addition, mRFP-GFP-LC3 labeling was used to assess the autophagic influx. SiATG7 transfected H9c2 cells were generated to inhibit autophagy. Cytosolic and ER Ca2+ dynamics were investigated by calcium imaging. RyR2 oxidation was tested by oxyblot. Cell viability was examined by TUNEL assay. ER stress response and cell apoptosis were detected by immunoblots of BiP, CHOP, Cleaved Caspase-3 and Caspase-12. The results demonstrated that firstly, PNS protects against TG-induced mitochondrial injury and ROS accumulation. Secondly, PNS enhances autophagy in TG-induced cardiac myocytes. Thirdly, inhibition of autophagy diminishes PNS prevention of TG-induced mitochondrial injury, ROS accumulation and disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis. Last but not least, inhibition of autophagy abolishes PNS protection against TG-induced ER stress response and associated apoptosis. In summary, PNS protection against ER stress response and associated apoptosis is related to the regulation of mitochondrial injury and ROS overproduction via modulation of autophagy. These data provide new insights for molecular mechanisms of PNS as a potential preventive approach to the management of cardiovascular diseases.
Vascular Macrophages as Therapeutic Targets to Treat Intracranial Aneurysms

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a highly fatal and morbid type of hemorrhagic strokes. Intracranial aneurysms (ICAs) rupture cause subarachnoid hemorrhage. ICAs formation, growth and rupture involves cellular and molecular inflammation. Macrophages orchestrate inflammation in the wall of ICAs. Macrophages generally polarize either into classical inflammatory (M1) or alternatively-activated anti-inflammatory (M2)-phenotype. Macrophage infiltration and polarization toward M1-phenotype increases the risk of aneurysm rupture. Strategies that deplete, inhibit infiltration, ameliorate macrophage inflammation or polarize to M2-type protect against ICAs rupture. However, clinical translational data is still lacking. This review summarizes the contribution of macrophage led inflammation in the aneurysm wall and discuss pharmacological strategies to modulate the macrophageal response during ICAs formation and rupture.
Combination of Botulinum Toxin and minocycline Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain Through Antioxidant Stress and Anti-Inflammation via Promoting SIRT1 Pathway

Neuropathic pain (NP) is one of the intractable complications of spinal cord injury (SCI), with poor prognosis and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. This study aims to determine the treatment effect and mechanism of multimodal therapies in a rat model of SCI-induced NP by combining treatment with the anti-inflammatory agent minocycline (MC) and botulinum toxin (BoNT). The combined utilization alleviated SCI-induced NP and reduced apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress of SCI by activating SIRT1 and dampening pAKT, P53, and p-NF-KB. BoNT with a concentration of 0.1 nm and MC with a concentration of 20 uM were selected for the experiment in the primary microglia and astrocytes treated with LPS. It was found that the combination of BoNT and MC obviously inhibits the inflammatory response and oxidative stress of glial cells, and notably activates SIRT1 and restrains pAKT, P53, and p-NF-KB. Therefore, in the treatment of SCI-induced NP, the combination of BoNT and MC markedly improves the therapeutic effect of NP by promoting the SIRT1 expression, thereby inactivating NF-KB, P53, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress as well as relieving SCI-induced NP.
Comparative studies on melt processable polyimides derived from 2,3,3′,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride and 2,3,3′,4′-thioetherdiphthalic anhydride

Two thermoplastic polyimides were controllably synthesized with similar molecular weight from 2,3,3′,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride (3,4′-ODPA) or 2,3,3′,4′-thioetherdiphthalic anhydride (3,4′-TDPA) with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) by a one-step method of m-cresol. The solubility and mechanical properties of these polymers were investigated for comparison. The thermal and melt processable properties of these polymers were examined carefully by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), rheometer and melt index, and so on. It was found that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of 3,4′-TDPA/ODA was about 15°C lower than that of 3,4′-ODPA/ODA, the melt indices of 3,4′-TDPA/ODA at different temperatures were higher than those of 3,4′-ODPA/ODA, while the minimum melt viscosity of 3,4′-TDPA/ODA was lower than those of 3,4′-ODPA/ODA. Furthermore, TGA results showed that 3,4′-TDPA/ODA had different degradation mechanism in air compared with 3,4′-ODPA/ODA. The long-term thermooxidative stability results showed that 3,4′-TDPA/ODA had better thermal oxidative stability than 3,4′-ODPA/ODA at 410°C for 6 h in air, which could be associated with the results of apparent activation energy (Ea) of polymers calculated by TGA dynamics. The natural bond orbital charge of ethero atoms (S or O), and energy gap of the corresponding model compounds were also obtained by computational simulation to correlate with polymer properties.
RF Solenoid with Extended Equiripple Field Profile

Abstract This paper describes the construction and performance of short solenoidal NMR coils having enhanced usable volume. While the RF magnetic field B 1 on the axis of a standard solenoid falls off rapidly away from the coil center, the homogeneous volume in the design described here is extended by allowing B 1 to vary within prescribed limits along the coil axis. The field profile used is an equiripple function based on Chebyshev polynomials, from which the winding density is calculated analytically. Two coils constructed from these designs show excellent performance and good agreement with theory. These coils offer several advantages over transverse coils for use in NMR, including simplicity, good radial homogeneity, and superb sensitivity; in studies where SNR is favored over longitudinal sample access, these solenoids are an attractive choice.
Synthesis of 5,5′-Dialkyl-6,6′-dichloro-2, 2′-bipyridines

Abstract 5,5′-Dialkyl-6,6′-dichloro-2,2′-bipyridines were synthesized starting from 3-substituted 2-chloro-6-iodopyridines using Pd-catalyzed coupling conditions. 6-Alkyl-3,5-dichloro-2H-1,4-oxazin-2-ones were excellent precursors for the synthesis of these functionalized 2-iodo-6-chloropyridines.
Learning to Reflect on Challenging Experiences: An AI Mirroring Approach

1 As citizens are confronted by major societal changes, they find their assumptions being challenged and their identities threatened, bringing the risk that they retreat to like-minded ‘bubbles’ rather than ask whether they might have something to learn. Algorithmically driven media platforms exacerbate this process by amplifying cognitive biases and polarizing debate. This paper argues for a distinctive role that Artificial Intelligence (AI) can play, by holding up a metaphorical ‘mirror’ to online writers, with carefully designed feedback making them more aware of, and reflective about, their reactions and approaches to challenging situations. As an example, we describe a web application that uses Natural Language Processing to annotate written accounts of personal responses to challenging experiences, highlighting where the author appears to be reflecting shallowly or deeply. This open source tool is already in use by students to help them make sense of work placement challenges they encounter, but could find wider application. Our vision is that such tools could make citizens more self-aware of their biases, making them less reactive, and more open to new perspectives when their assumptions are challenged.
Identification and analytical characterization of the synthetic cathinone N-butylhexedrone

The continuous emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) on the drug market remains a global challenge. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the EuropeanMonitoring Centre for Drug and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) have reported the detection of more than 800 NPS worldwide including more than 670 in Europe (as of the end of 2017). One simple approach used for the preparation of NPS includes the development of so‐called designer drugs, which are based on recognizable patterns known from drugs under legislative control. Synthetic cathinones (representing the second largest number of NPS currently consisting of around 150 compounds) are analogs and derivatives of cathinone (Figure 1), a biologically active alkaloid from the khat plant (Catha edulis), known for its psychoactive properties. The structure of cathinone offers many possibilities for its modification, which results in the appearance of new derivatives on the drug market each year. For this reason, the detection and identification of synthetic cathinones becomes an important objective for chemists, forensic practitioners, and toxicologists. Herewith we report the detection and identification of the synthetic cathinone N‐butylhexedrone (IUPAC name: 2‐(butylamino)‐1‐ phenylhexan‐1‐one, Figure 1). The compound was seized in Russia in November 2018 when found in a shipment originating from China. N‐butylhexedrone was first synthesized in the 1960s by Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH (Germany) from the corresponding α‐haloketone and amine. In general, the pharmacological targets of cathinone psychostimulants are dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline re‐uptake transporters, as well as monoamine receptors. Nevertheless, different cathinones differ significantly in their potencies and relative activity toward monoaminergic targets. Hence, pharmacological profiles and, consequently, acute effects, dosage, and toxicity, can vary between the various cathinones. As for N‐butylhexedrone, its pharmacological profile is not clear, though it was reported to possess excellent anorexogenic properties and slight stimulating effects on the central nervous system. To the best of our knowledge, no analytical data for N‐ butylhexedrone had been reported in the scientific literature. However, during the preparation of our manuscript, some analytical data on N‐butylhexedrone appeared on the Internet. These data included electron ionization (EI) mass spectrometry, Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy (salt and free base forms), 1D and 2D nuclear
Predicting Cyber Threats through the Dynamics of User Connectivity in Darkweb and Deepweb Forums

The existing methods for assessing the likelihood of exploitation for software vulnerabilities are found to have many limitation - preventing them from being useful tools for prioritization of vulnerability remediation. We present a method that combines social network analysis with machine learning techniques to predict the vulnerability exploitability. Our method harnesses features based on user connectivity in darkweb/deepweb sites as well as features derived from the vulnerability data. Our results suggest that the features computed from the user social connections are highly indicative of future cyber attacks. We conduct a suite of experiments on real-world hacker and exploit data and demonstrate that social network data improves recall by about 19%, F1 score by about 6% while maintaining precision. We believe this is because social network structure related to certain exploit authors is indicative of their ability to write exploits that are subsequently employed in an attack.
Shaping Control Variates for Off-Policy Evaluation

We study the problem of off-policy evaluation in RL settings where reward signals are sparse. We introduce a new model-based control variate for variance reduction in off-policy evaluation inspired by reward shaping, and provide conditions under which our these shaped control variates may be used to reduce the variance of standard importance sampling-based methods, whilst remaining unbiased. In dense settings, we show that our resulting estimator behaves like the class of doubly robust estimators, but can be easier to train, while under sparse reward signals, our new estimator leads to improved performance
Target Localization Based on Invariant Image Features

Distinctive invariant features from images are perform reliable to image scale and rotation, also applicable to change in 3D viewpoint, so it is widely used in image matching and target locating. This paper analyses the extracting theory and process of invariant features from images in detail, and presents a method that can be used to calculate transforming modulus between two images are according to invariant features, finally accomplishing the target locating, which exist in two images together. Simulation results indicate that the paper method have excellent performance in target locating, it is precision for target locating between two images based on invariant features from images.
Seleksi Fitur Support Vector Machine pada Analisis Sentimen Keberlanjutan Pembelajaran Daring Support Vector Machine Feature Selection on Online Learning Sustainability Sentiment

The statemen of Education and Culture Minister of Indonesia Repuclic related to continuity of online learning that rises positive and negative comments from the public via Twitter. Tweet using Indonesian language were crawled. The commands were representative of public opinion that need to be listened. The problem was dificult to separated into negative and positive commands. It was because the various of terms that included nonformal language, symbols, abbreviations, foreign language and mother tongue usages. Sentiment analysis could solve its problem. To find the best results, an ideal comparasion between training data and testing data was required. The research method included capturing raw data; pre-processing data; feature selection consisted of Term Frequency and TF-IDF; classification using Vector Machine (SVM); and evaluation that involved k-Fold Cross Validation and Confusion Matrix. The research objective was to conduct a sentiment analysis with the SVM algoritm comparing the two feature selections which were Term Frequency and TF-IDF against the k-Fold variable on Cross Validation to have k-Fold on the k-Fold Cross Validation which produced the highest evaluation values. The data used were 200 tweets consisting of 100 positive and 100 negative comments using five ratio comparison of training data and testing data. This research obtained the highest score of evaluation at 8-Fold Cross Validation with an accuracy of 86.00%, a precision of 87.38%, and a recall of 85.02%.
Bennu orbit and hazard assessment based on OSIRIS-REx data

We present an updated estimate of the trajectory of Bennu based on OSIRIS-REx data collected through the Orbit B phase of the mission. These data greatly improve our knowledge of the future orbit of Bennu but also require an unprecedented fidelity for the modeling of an asteroid's trajectory. We analyze future close approaches of Bennu with Earth and revise the hazard assessment for a potential collision late in the 22nd century.