Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3D LOCALIZATION FOR LAUNCH VEHICLE USING COMBINED TOA AND AOA

Generally, a ground telemetry station for launch vehicle (LV) has tracking function only; therefore, position measurements depend on radar. Time of arrival (TOA) and angle of arrival (AOA) are typical location techniques for emitting targets. In this paper, we propose a Combined TOA and AOA localization method for LV using two ground stations. When transmitter (Tx) time is not known, it is necessary to make virtual onboard timer for TOA estimation. The virtual onboard timer generates time stamps of streaming frame according to data rate. First station which is located in space center has no tracking function. But it can generate the virtual onboard timer. Second station has tracking function, so it generates AOA information. By solving sphere equation(s) of TOA from at least one station and a line equation of AOA, target position in threedimensions (3D) can be obtained. We confirm the localization performance by means of comparison with an on-board GPS of a real launch mission. Keyword: AOA, Ground Telemetry Station, Launch Vehicle, Localization, TOA.
The application review of magnesium oxychloride cement

Due to its qualities of being light, high-strength, and good resistance to abrasion, magnesium oxychloride cement is used extensively in China and abroad, but simultaneously, its large-scale use has been limited due to its disadvantages of poor water resistance, easy to buckling deformation and corrosive to rebar. The paper not only introduces the advantages and disadvantages of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement, but also outlines the domestic research overview and prospered development prospects of magnesium oxychloride cement.
Caught in Chains : Claim-First Transactions for Cross-Blockchain Asset Transfers

Blockchains, the fundamental technology upon which cryptocurrencies are implemented, have gained considerable interest in finance, economics, and research. Nevertheless, the numerous blockchains in existence remain mostly unconnected, with no possibilities for interoperability. While approaches for atomic swaps (the atomic exchange of value on two blockchains) are emerging, there is still no documented implementation of a protocol for the transfer of assets from one blockchain to another. This white paper formalizes the cross-blockchain proof problem, showing that in practice, it is not possible to verify the existence of specific data on one blockchain from within another blockchain. Based on this, we describe the concept of a crossblockchain asset transfer protocol using claim-first transactions. This protocol allows for decentralized transfer of assets between blockchains despite the cross-blockchain proof problem.
Towards a Theory of Compositionality in Displays of Extreme Emotion

Compositionality – the combination and recombination of meaningful units to create more complex structure, – is a defining property of human language. Here we seek the foundations of this property in a more basic form of communication: the expression of emotion. We collected 300 pictures of athletes, moments after winning or losing a competition. We annotated face and body displays in detail, and checked prototypical displays in winning and in losing contexts. We identified features of face and body reliably used in each situation, and some used in both, paving the way for a theory of compositionality in the expression of emotions.
From Here On Out, We’re All Blue: Interaction Order, Social Infrastructure, and Race in Police Socialization

Motivated by the complicated history of race relations in policing, this article offers a social network analysis of the formation of relationships between recruits in a police academy. While the quantitative analysis is the core of this article, it is framed by an ethnographic description of how the interaction order within the academy functions as a mechanism for maintaining racism within police organizations. The academy’s social infrastructure was designed to generate encounters between recruits of various races. Recruits were divided into subgroups, which generally reflected the overall demographics of the cohort, so recruits of different races could get to know each other. While this academy had some success in forming ties between Black, Latino, and White recruits, it fell short of achieving the stated ideal of “we’re all blue. ” Our results suggest that achieving this ideal lies in a distant future.
Trustworthy Automated Essay Scoring without Explicit Construct Validity

Automated essay scoring (AES) is a broadly used application of machine learning, with a long history of realworld use that impacts high-stakes decision-making for students. However, defensibility arguments in this space have typically been rooted in hand-crafted features and psychometrics research, which are a poor fit for recent advances in AI research and more formative classroom use of the technology. This paper proposes a framework for evaluating automated essay scoring models trained with more modern algorithms, used in a classroom setting; that framework is then applied to evaluate an existing product, Turnitin Revision Assistant.
Real-time Mental State Recognition using a Wearable EEG

The increasing quality and availability of low-cost EEG systems offer new possibilities for non-medical purposes. Existing openly available algorithms to assess the user’s mental state in real-time have been mainly performed with medical-grade equipment. In this paper, an approach to assess the user’s Focus or Relax states in real-time using a consumer-grade, wearable EEG headband is evaluated. One naive measure and four entropy-based measures, computed using relative frequency band powers in the EEG signal, were introduced. Classifiers for relax and focus state detection, based on the estimation of probability distributions, were developed and evaluated in a user study. Results showed that the Tsallis entropy-based measure performed best for the Focus score, whereas the Renyi measure performed best for the Relax score. Sensitivities of 82.0% and 80.4% with specificities of 82.8% and 80.8% were achieved for the Focus and Relax scores, respectively. The results demonstrated the possibilities of using a wearable EEG system for real-time mental state recognition.
0 Gradience and Categoricality in Phonological Theory *

Within phonological theory, important roles are assigned to the notions of ‘gradience’ and ‘categoricality’. The opposition qualifies sounds and sound patterns, and is crucial both for the definition of the phonological and the phonetic components of generative grammar, and for the development of alternative types of grammatical models. This chapter discusses the assumptions generative phonology and its direct successors (including Optimality Theory) have made about the role of gradience. Moreover, it presents data supporting or contradicting these assumptions, and discusses new models accounting for the conflicting data. The most important section of this chapter (§2) discusses the opposition between categorical sounds, which are stable and represent clear distinct phonological categories (e.g. sounds showing all characteristics of voiced segments throughout their realizations), and gradient sounds, which may change during their realizations and may simultaneously represent different phonological categories (e.g. sounds that start as voiced and end as voiceless). A shorter section (§3) discusses categorical generalizations over sounds, which are fully productive, and gradient generalizations, which are less productive. The final section (§4) provides a short conclusion.
Visual anomaly detection in spatio-temporal data using element-specific references

The analysis and exploration of dynamic spatio-temporal data presents particular challenges. The VAST 2016 contest provided the opportunity to explore solutions in this space, focusing on the identification of patterns and anomalies. In this paper, we present an approach based on element-level references that allows for the exploration of individual movement data as well as sensor readings. This method earned the VAST 2016 Award for Robust Support for Visual Anomaly Detection.
Correlation between MTHFR and clinical risk factors in ischemic stroke

MTHFR (Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) is a genetic factor that has multiple alleles, the presence of certain types of CT and TT alleles as increase cardiovascular risk. The objective of our study is to evaluate the prevalence and vascular risk factors associated with MTHFR CT and TT genotypes in patients with the acute phase of cerebral ischemia and address the issue of the presence of correlation between MTHFR and other clinical factors in ischemic stroke. It was a prospective study during 3 years, on 165 patients, victims of ischemic strokes, in the Laboratory of Human Genetics and Molecular Pathology, University Hassan IIFaculty of Medicine in Casablanca and the department of neurology at the campus teaching hospital of Casablanca and Rabat. According to the sex, we had 93 men and 72 women with a sex-ratio of 1.3. MTHFR CC was normal in 37.6% of patients. MTHFR TT was founded in 13.4% of patients and MTHFR CT in 49%. There was no correlation between MTHFR and other risk factors of stroke (age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcoholism and cholesterol). The high frequency of MTHFR CT/TT (62%) among patients with acute ischemic strokes dictates the management of this risk factor. 48 BALAR Khalid et al.
Interfacial mixing in a highly stratified estuary 2. A “method of constrained differences” approach for the determination of the momentum and mass balances and the energy of mixing

[1] This article is part 2 of a set of papers addressing mixing in a highly stratified estuary. In Part 2, turbulence and mean flow measurements are together used to understand the role of mixing in the overall dynamics of the system. Estimates of the partition of energy dissipation between bed-generated and internal mixing suggest that internal mixing accounts for about two thirds of the total turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) produced in the salt-wedge reach of the Columbia River estuary during the neap-tide, moderate river-flow observation period. This suggests that internal mixing plays a larger role in the energetics of such systems than has previously been recognized. The lack of near-bed mixing on the neap is also likely a major factor in the accumulation of sediment in the estuary on neap tides. Profiles of estimated turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation were obtained using a new approach, which we call the “method of constrained differences,” that allows the calculation of all major terms in the momentum and density balances during ebb mixing events from data obtained by a single vessel. The method of constrained differences uses a local equilibrium turbulence closure and measured velocity and density profiles to determine the density flux divergence necessary for internal consistency in the momentum and mass equations. The calculated mixing rates from the iterative procedure compare favorably with measured dissipation rates, tending to validate both the measurements and the procedure. Although this method involves a constraint of the form of a known or inferred stress at some point in the water column, it has the potential for wide application, especially if point measurements of TKE dissipation rates are available.
Morphology and phylogeny of the sea anemone Stichodactyla haddoni(Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Chabahar Bay, Iran

Carpet anemones of the genus Stichodactyla are characterized by having no calcium carbonate skeleton, being flattened with rather short tentacles, being exclusively tropical, and being hosts for clown fish species. Most of the species belonging to this genus, however, are often very similar morphologically; thus, identification by external features is rather difficult. In this study, we have described the morphology and phylogenetic affinities of a carpet anemone species collected from Chabahar Bay. Although the Iranian species showed different coloration patterns within the same geographical area, they strongly resemble Stichodactyla haddoni Saville-Kent, 1893 in having short tentacles densely covering the undulated oral disc and white, pointed, recognizable exocoelic tentacles. Comparison of 18S rDNA with other actiniarians revealed that the 2 Iranian species are closely related to Stichodactyla haddoni, Stichodactyla gigantea, and Heteractis magnifica. This is the first record of Stichodactyla haddoni from the southeastern coast of Iran and the northern part of the Sea of Oman.
A comparative study on proximate analysis conducted on three Viburnum Linn. species

were collected from Nilgiri Hills and Coimbatore, Tamilnadu and taxonomically authenticated. Herbarium of the species was submitted to the museum of the place of research studies. The samples were shade dried for a week. The materials were dried in the sun and then the shade for about 15 days. About 500g of the leaves, stems and roots of each V.punctatum, V.coriaceum and V.erubescens were powdered separately using a mechanical grinder in to a moderately coarse powder. By using the samples some of the proximate qualities were determined such as: Extractive values, Total ash and sulphated ash values, Acid insoluble ash value, Water soluble Ash value, Crude fibre content, Loss on Drying and including Fluorescence analysis (UV – 366 nm) and the results were tabulated to note down how far these species differ in their qualities each other.
Effect of Naringenin on 3-NP Induced Huntington’s Disease like Symptoms by Estimations of Motor Co-ordination and Behavioral Parameters

The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Naringenin, a flavonoid on 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced Huntington’s disease like symptoms by estimations of motor co-ordination and behavioral parameters. 3-NP is an irreversible inhibitor of complex II in the mitochondria. 3-NP-induced neurodegeneration has been widely used as an animal model of Huntington’s disease (HD). It replicates the pathology of HD by causing oxidative stress. Naringenin is a polyphenolic compound, a bioflavonoid, known to have a neuroprotective effect in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of Naringenin on 3-NP induced oxidative stress in rat was determined by behavioral parameters. Rats were induced with 3-NP (15 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 21 days and rats induced with 3-NP were treated with Naringenin (25mg/kg and 75mg/kg) for 21 days. 3-NP caused a decline in motor function in neurological score, locomotor activity and impaired rotarod activity. Naringenin treatment significantly improved grip strength indicating an improvement in motor performance, alterations in % spontaneous alternations. These findings suggest the antioxidant potential of Naringenin flavonoid against 3-Nitropionic acid induced neurotoxicity. However, more investigations are required to elucidate the cellular mechanisms of Naringenin against 3-Nitropropionic acid induced Huntington’s disease like symptoms. Keywords: Naringenin, 3-Nitropropionic acid, Huntington’s disease, oxidative stress.
Implementation and Evaluation of Online-Classification Methods based on Sparse Grids

Classification is a frequently occurring task in the field of data mining and knowledge discovery. Various approaches to tackle this class of problems have been developed in the past and successfully applied. However, standard implementations often struggle with large and high-dimensional datasets. Therefore, we focus on sparse grid based variants of popular classification models, such as algorithms based on stochastic gradient descent, support vector machines and density estimation. Additionally, different refinement approaches for sparse grids are introduced and applied to optimize the derived classifiers. Finally, we discuss results obtained by applying the models to different popular datasets.
Ultra-weak Photon Emissions Differentiate Malignant Cells from Non- Malignant Cells In Vitro

A fast, inexpensive, and accurate method for differentiating normal (non-malignant) cells from malignant cells could facilitate diagnosis and subsequently treatment. Although blood constituents are the current dominant indicators, we have found that Spectral Power Densities (SPD) obtained from only 100 s of measurements of spontaneous ultra-weak photon emissions (UPE) from cell cultures significantly differentiated malignant from non-malignant states. Breast cells were particularly differentiable from nonbreast cells according to their SPD profiles. More critically the combination of only 3 discrete frequency increment changes in SPD profiles accurately classified 85% of malignant breast cells from normal breast cells in culture. These results confirm results from our mouse experiments and preliminary observations from our human measurements that appropriately analyzed and interpreted SPD from very brief samples of UPE may be a viable tool for early detection of malignancy.
Biological Impacts of the Elwha River Dams and Potential Salmonid Responses to Dam Removal

Abstract The Elwha River dams have disconnected the upper and lower Elwha watershed for over 94 years. This has disrupted salmon migration and reduced salmon habitat by 90%. Several historical salmonid populations have been extirpated, and remaining populations are dramatically smaller than estimated historical population size. Dam removal will reconnect upstream habitats which will increase salmonid carrying capacity, and allow the downstream movement of sediment and wood leading to long-term aquatic habitat improvements. We hypothesize that salmonids will respond to the dam removal by establishing persistent, self-sustaining populations above the dams within one to two generations. We collected data on the impacts of the Elwha River dams on salmonid populations and developed predictions of species-specific response dam removal. Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), Chinook (O. tshawytscha), and steelhead (O. mykiss) will exhibit the greatest spatial extent due to their initial population size, timing, ability to maneuver past natural barriers, and propensity to utilize the reopened alluvial valleys. Populations of pink (O. gorbuscha), chum (O. keta), and sockeye (O. nerka) salmon will follow in extent and timing because of smaller extant populations below the dams. The initially high sediment loads will increase stray rates from the Elwha and cause deleterious effects in the egg to outmigrant fry stage for all species. Dam removal impacts will likely cause a lag in recolonization and population rebuilding. These negative sediment effects will be locally buffered by the extent of functioning floodplain, and management attempts to minimize sediment impacts. Resident life forms of char (Salvelinus confluentus), rainbow trout (O. mykiss), and cutthroat (O. clarki) will positively interact with their anadromous counterparts resulting in a positive population level response.
Genetic diversity of core vs. peripheral Norway spruce native populations at a local scale in Slovenia

Abstract: We investigated the levels of genetic diversity and population differentiation among core and peripheral populations of Norway spruce along an altitudinal gradient (from inversions to upper tree line) using isoenzymes (ISO) and nuclear simple-sequence repeats (SSR) markers on overlapping set of populations. Twenty-seven to seventy trees from 11 and 7 populations were genotyped with isoenzymes and SSRs, respectively. The results partially conform to the expectations of the central-peripheral hypothesis (CPH) and are consistent for both marker sets. Genetic differentiation among peripheral populations was low but significantly different from zero (FST-ISO = 0.013, FST-SSR = 0.009) and higher than that among core populations (FST-ISO = 0.007, FST-SSR = 0.005), conforming to central peripheral hypothesis. Contrastingly, levels of genetic diversity assessed by both richness and equitability measures did not significantly differ between peripheral and core populations (AR-ISO = 2.20 vs. 2.14, AR-SSR = 17.16 vs. 17.68, HE-ISO = 0.183 vs. 0.185, and HE-SSR = 0.935 vs. 0.935 for peripheral and core populations, respectively).
Certifying single-system steering for quantum-information processing

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering describes how different ensembles of quantum states can be remotely prepared by measuring one particle of an entangled pair. Here, we investigate quantum steering for single quantum $d$-dimensional systems (qudits) and devise efficient conditions to certify the steerability therein, which we find are applicable both to single-system steering and EPR steering. In the single-system case our steering conditions enable the unambiguous ruling out of generic classical means of mimicking steering. Ruling out ``false-steering'' scenarios has implications for securing channels against both cloning-based individual attack and coherent attacks when implementing quantum key distribution using qudits. We also show that these steering conditions also have applications in quantum computation, in that they can serve as an efficient criterion for the evaluation of quantum logic gates of arbitrary size. Finally, we describe how the nonlocal EPR variant of these conditions also function as tools for identifying faithful one-way quantum computation, secure entanglement-based quantum communication, and genuine multipartite EPR steering.
Should We Worry About Filter Bubbles?

Some fear that personalised communication can lead to information cocoons or filter bubbles. For instance, a personalised news website could give more prominence to conservative or liberal media items, based on the (assumed) political interests of the user. As a result, users may encounter only a limited range of political ideas. We synthesise empirical research on the extent and effects of self-selected personalisation, where people actively choose which content they receive, and pre-selected personalisation, where algorithms personalise content for users without any deliberate user choice. We conclude that at present there is little empirical evidence that warrants any worries about filter bubbles.
Engineering bilinear mode coupling in circuit QED: Theory and experiment

Photonic states of superconducting microwave cavities controlled by transmon ancillas provide a platform for encoding and manipulating quantum information. A key challenge in scaling up the platform is the requirement to communicate on demand the information between the cavities. It has been recently demonstrated that a tunable bilinear interaction between two cavities can be realized by coupling them to a bichromatically-driven transmon ancilla, which allows swapping and interfering the multi-photon states of the cavities [Gao et al., Phys. Rev. X 8, 021073(2018)]. Here, we explore both theoretically and experimentally the regime of relatively strong drives on the ancilla needed to achieve fast SWAP gates but which can also lead to undesired non-perturbative effects that lower the SWAP fidelity. We develop a theoretical formalism based on linear response theory that allows one to calculate the rate of ancilla-induced interaction, decay and frequency shift of the cavities in terms of a susceptibility matrix. We treat the drives non-perturbatively using Floquet theory, and find that the interference of the two drives can strongly alter the system dynamics even in the regime where the rotating wave approximation applies. We identify two major sources of infidelity due to ancilla decoherence. i) Ancilla dissipation and dephasing leads to incoherent hopping among Floquet states which occurs even when the ancilla is at zero temperature, resulting in a sudden change of the SWAP rate. ii) The cavities inherit finite decay from the relatively lossy ancilla through the inverse Purcell effect; the effect can be enhanced when the drive-induced AC Stark shift pushes certain ancilla transition frequencies to the vicinity of the cavity frequencies. The theoretical predictions agree quantitatively with the experimental results, paving the way for using the theory to design future experiments.