Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Living Radical Polymerization by Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Holding Initiators: Precision Synthesis of Tadpole-Shaped Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Polymers

Incompletely condensed polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) with the highly reactive group of trisodium silanolate was used for the synthesis of two initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization, one with a 2-bromoisobutyl group and the other with a chlorosulfonyl group. These initiators were applied to solution polymerizations of styrene and methyl methacrylate in the presence of a copper complex. In both systems, polymerization proceeded in a living fashion, as indicated by the first-order kinetics of monomer consumption, the evolution of molecular weight in direct proportion to monomer conversion, the good agreement of molecular weight with the theoretical one, and the low polydispersity, thus providing tadpole-shaped polymers with an “inorganic head” of POSS and an “organic tail” of well-defined polymer. Thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric studies showed that both thermal degradation and glass transition temperatures of the organic/inorganic hybrid polymers with molec.
Staple Food Price Volatility and its Derivers in Ethiopia: GARCH Family Models

Food price inflation in Ethiopia commenced suffering high rates in 2004 that pose risks for poor people's livelihoods and food security. While it was not a severe challenge before the period. Accordingly, analyzing the staple food price volatility and its core drivers have noteworthy contributions to food market management and risk valuation. The unit root tests imply that all independent variables became stationary after the first differences transformation, and the three dependent return variables were stationary at level. The staple food prices revealed stylized facts of financial time series, and they confirmed ARCH effects presence in condition mean equations. Since the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) family models were applied to the price series in the period of January 2000 to May 2019. Based on the model selection criteria, asymmetric effect significance and forecast error accuracy, best-fit models for monthly return prices of maize, wheat and teff were selected and modeled using ARMA(1,3)-EGARCH(1,0), AR(1)-EGARCH(1,0) and AR(1)-GARCH-M(1,1) respectively with the same normal error distribution assumptions. One month lagged shocks of the prices of maize and wheat have statistically significant effects on the current month's volatility. The asymmetric effect of maize price volatility inclines to go in response to bad news than good news while the wheat responses to good news than bad news. The impact of the price of the fertilizer and global-wheat and exchange rate on the conditional variances of the Ethiopian wheat has become stable than the general inflation rate. The influence of the price of the fertilizer and global-wheat and exchange rate on the conditional variances of the Ethiopian teff has to stabilize than the fuel oil price. Also, the global maize price decrease makes a more stable marketing environment with a more volatile Ethiopian maize price. The Ethiopian government should provide more devotion to the influential factors and must draw and execute flexible trade, investment, exchange rate, and monetary policies, which shall consider and go with the dynamic internal and global markets to sustain the Ethiopian food market. Keywords : Ethiopia, GARCH Family Models, Price volatility and Drivers, Staple Food.
Mineral Composition of Medicago minima and Erodium cicutarium Under Various Water Regimes

Abstract Medicago minima and Erodium cicutarium are two annual, naturalized species in semi-arid, temperate rangelands of central Argentina. A field study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of soil water availability on concentrations and partitioning of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in various organs in these species. Aboveground plant parts and roots showed lower or similar, but not higher, Na concentrations under water stress than under irrigated conditions in both species and years. Concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg of aboveground plant parts and roots in both years for E. cicutarium and of Ca in 1989 for M. minima were greater under water stress than under irrigated conditions. Aboveground plant parts of both species had in general a lower Na and a greater K concentration than roots. Leaves and roots had similar Mg concentrations in M. minima. However, concentrations of this nutrient were greater or similar in roots than in leaves in E. cicutarium, and those of Ca were greater in leaves than roots in both species. Leaves and/or stems had greater Ca concentrations than fruits in both species and years under all water levels. The lowest concentrations of Na, Ca, K, and Mg among plant parts in both species were generally found in flowers. Aboveground plant parts of M. minima and E. cicutarium exceeded the Na, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations recommended for a balanced beef cattle diet under all water levels. Both species contained more Na, K, Ca, and Mg in shoots (all aboveground organs) than in roots in both years. Differences between species in the proportional allocation of whole plant Na, K, Ca, and Mg to the various aboveground and belowground organs under water stress, rainfed, and irrigated conditions are discussed.
Robust Localization in Map Changing Environments Based on Hierarchical Approach of Sliding Window Optimization and Filtering

Precise localization in map-changing environments is a major challenge faced in the case of autonomous vehicles. In such environments, map-matching-based localization can result in an incorrect vehicle pose because the High-Definition map (HD map) and the sensor measurements from the real environments are different. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes robust localization in map-changing environments based on a hierarchical approach of sliding window optimization and filtering. The changing environments are explicitly modeled by a sub-map from the sliding-window-based graph optimization, and the generated sub-map is used for the map matching of the real-time filter. Since the optimized sub-map includes sensor measurement from both the changed and unchanged regions, it reduces the proportion of the changed region in the total matching region, thereby increasing the robustness of the map matching. The proposed hierarchical localization algorithm is verified and evaluated via simulation and experiments. The results show that the proposed algorithm provides a robust vehicle pose in map-changing environments.
Antimicrobial prescription in cats in Switzerland before and after the introduction of an online antimicrobial stewardship tool: a trend towards more prudent unse

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship activities are essential to improve prudent antimicrobial use. The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in antimicrobial prescriptions in cats after the introduction of prudent use guidelines promoted by an online antimicrobial stewardship tool (AntibioticScout.ch) in Switzerland. Data from 792 cats presented to two university hospitals and 14 private practices in 2018 were included and compared to 776 cases from 2016. Cats were diagnosed with acute upper respiratory tract disease (aURTD), feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) and abscesses. Clinical history, diagnostic work-up and antimicrobial prescriptions (class, dosage, duration) were assessed. Type and proportions [95% CI] of antimicrobial prescriptions were compared between the two evaluation periods and a generalized mixed effects model was applied to evaluate compliance with the Swiss prudent use guidelines. Results: From 2016 to 2018, the proportion of antimicrobial prescription in all included cases decreased from 75.0% [71.8 – 78.0] to 66.7% [63.3 – 69.9]; this decrease was most pronounced for cases treated at the university hospitals (67.1% [59.5 – 74.0] to 49.3% [40.9 – 57.8]) and for cats with FLUTD (60.1% [54.6 – 65.4] to 48.8% [43.2 – 54.4]). The use of 3rd generation cephalosporins in private practices declined from 30.7% [26.5 – 35.1] to 22.1% [18.4 – 26.2], while the overall use of non-potentiated aminopenicillins increased from 19.6% [16.4 – 23.0] to 27.8% [24.1 – 31.9]. In cases where antimicrobial therapy was indicated, compliance with the guidelines did not increase (33.3% [26.6 – 40.6] to 33.5% [27.2 – 40.2], OR 1.0 [0.6 – 1.6]), neither at universities nor in private practices. On the other hand, antimicrobial treatment was more often withheld in cases with no indication for antimicrobial therapy (35.6% [30.1 – 41.4] to 54.0% [47.6 – 60.4], OR 2.4 [1.6 – 3.5]); this was found for private practices (26.7% [20.8 – 33.4] to 46.0% [38.4 – 53.7]) and for aURTD cases (35.0% [26.5 – 44.2] to 55.4% [44.7 – 65.8]). Conclusions: Overall proportion of antimicrobial prescription, unjustified antimicrobial therapy and, in private practices, the use of 3rd generation cephalosporins decreased from 2016 to 2018 for the investigated feline diseases. However, overall compliance with the guidelines was still low and requires further efforts to foster prudent antimicrobial use in cats.
Optical Remote Sensing Image Change Detection Based on Attention Mechanism and Image Difference

This study presents a new end-to-end change detection network, called difference-enhancement dense-attention convolutional neural network (DDCNN), that is designed for detection of changes in the bitemporal optical remote sensing images. To model the internal correlation between high-level and low-level features, a dense attention method consisting of several up-sampling attention units is proposed. Both the up-sampling spatial and up-sampling channel attention are adopted by the unit. The unit, which can use high-level features with rich category information to guide the selection of low-level features, can use the spatial context information to capture the changed features of ground objects. Furthermore, DDCNN also pays attention to the differentiating features of the bitemporal images. By introducing a DE unit, each pixel is weighted and the features are selectively aggregated. The combination of dense attention and the DE unit improves the effectiveness of the network and its accuracy in extracting the change features. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated via five challenge data sets. The experimental results show that DDCNN achieves new state-of-the-art change detection performance on these five challenging data sets. For the seasonal change detection data set in particular, compared with the best existing change detection model, the proposed method increases the F1 score and IoU by 2.96% and 5.17%, respectively; compared with the baseline method, our method improved 3.75% and 6.50% on the F1 score and IoU, respectively.
Impact of soy consumption on human health: integrative review

Abstract Soy consumption is a millenary habit of populations of the eastern world and has recently increased in the western world. The risks and benefits of this practice have been extensively studied, with a current fundamental need of integration of available information. The aim of this study was to carry out an integrative review on this topic, in order to consolidate the available information. Based on the main question: “What is the impact of soy consumption on human health? ”, were reviewed publications classified as original articles and reviews published from 1998 to 2020 in the databases Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. A total of 97 studies were selected. In the present review were described the general impact of soy on human health and its protein quality, the effects of early exposure using soy formulas, and the effects of soy consumption on breast cancer, endometrial and ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, cardiovascular disease, glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes, obesity, reproductive health, menopause, female and male osteoporosis, microbiota, immunity and immunomodulation, thyroid function, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and renal function.
Modeling the Nitrogen and Sulfur Chemistry in Pressurized Flue Gas Systems

A rate-based model is developed to elucidate the chemistry behind the simultaneous absorption of NOx and SOx under pressurized conditions (pressures up to 30 bar) that are applicable to the flue gases obtained from CO2 capture systems. The studied flue gas conditions are relevant to oxy-fuel and chemical-looping combustion systems. The kinetics of the reactions implemented in the model is based on a thorough review of the literature. The chemistry of nitrogen, sulfur, and N–S interactions are evaluated in detail, and the most important reaction pathways are discussed. The effects of pH, pressure, and flue-gas composition on the liquid-phase chemistry are also examined and discussed. Simulations that use existing kinetic data reveal that the pH level has a strong influence on the reaction pathway that is followed and the types of products that are formed in the liquid phase. In addition, the pressure level and the presence of NOx significantly affect the removal of SO2 from the flue gas.
Transport Phenomena in an Atmospheric-Pressure Townsend Discharge Fed by N2/N2O/HMDSO Mixtures

This paper focuses on the understanding of the main mechanisms that participate in the growth process of an SiO 2 -like film in an atmospheric pressure Townsend discharge in N 2 with small ad-mixtures of HMDSO and N 2 O. The approach consists of analyzing the influence of operating parameters on the growth rate profile through a fluid dynamics model. The suggested chemical mechanism is constituted by one volume reaction and one surface reaction. This simple model enables us to assume which phenomena control the film growth process among the following mechanisms: HMDSO dissociation by N 2 (A 3 Σ + u ) in Si-containing radicals, radicals transport to the surface, and surface activation process by plasma.
A Research for Feasibility Analysis and Model Building of e-Tourism Industrial Value Chain with Cooperation of Industry, Government and University in Taiwan

This paper investigates the technical resources of cooperation of industry, government and university, and how industrial value chains (IVC) in e-tourism industry develop in such collaboration. First, the chance of cooperation between small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in tourism industry and information technology developers were discovered inside the national industry policies of Taiwan, and local technological universities could play a key role inside as an official resource importer. Then, theoretical feasibility of industry-government-university cooperation in e-tourism and IVC were testified to build the core concept of e-tourism IVC model with cooperation of industry, government and university. Furthermore, based on prospective framework in e-tourism, the research team, consisting of professionals in various fields, put the concept into practice by endeavoring to collaborate with enterprises in tourism and information and communication technology (ICT) industry. After complying with requirements of grant applying programs, the team acquired funds of 570,000 NTD from Ministry of Education (MOE), companies and universities, making this cooperation model preliminarily practical. As stated above, e-tourism IVC model with cooperation of industry, government and university is an applicable university-industry cooperation (UIC) model technological universities can utilize to enhance competitiveness of ICT and tourism industries, as well as SMEs.
The Application of Third Generation Semiconductor in Power Industry

With the rapid development of technologies, the third generation semiconductor is being studied, as it is leading to the significant change in industry like the manufacture of PC, mobile devices, lighting etc. Till now, due to its irreplaceable physical characteristics, third generation semiconductor is applied to lots of fields. This paper analyzes the application of third generation semiconductor, namely, GaN and SiC. Their characteristics including advantages as well as disadvantages will be discussed through reviewing the result of relevant researches. Meanwhile, comparison between the third generation semiconductors and the second as well as the first generation semiconductors is made in this paper. Through the comparison of physical characteristics, recent marketing, production and limitations, the advantages and disadvantages of each semiconductor is analyzed and the suggestion of how to avoid the disadvantage through application is proposed. At last, the future development is predicted. According to the analysis result of this paper, silicon poses more merits. Silicon is not only cheaper but also performs better making it a preference of GaAs, and GaN in the domain of IC. The second generation semiconductor, GaAs, is widely used in the circuits and photoelectric integration. Furthermore, the third semiconductor material GaN is a promising material for power switching and communication and has the great possibility to play a crucial role in market.
How Women End Up in the Information Technology Sector: The Perspectives of South African Women

The introduction identifies a gap in existing literature which explores factors impeding women’s entry into the South African ICT industry without developing a unified understanding to how to address them. The study sets out to learn how women gain access to the ICT industry which has the dual aim of providing recommendations for improving access, as well as explaining the barriers to entry outlined in previous scholarship. The study approaches its subject using a framework that views career development as a dynamic series of choices that occur over the course of a career and are influenced by a variety of social, familial and personal factors. A thematic analysis of women’s professional website profiles and blog entries was carried out to determine most frequently arising themes. These were found to relate to career opportunities, life interests, family influence and business interests. The study ultimately found that the emerging themes were largely consistent with previous literature on factors influencing women’s decisions to enter the ICT field, except the notable theme of chance, which indicates that not all decisions were conscious.
Topological approach for assessment of electromagnetic interferences to support mechatronic conceptual design

The conceptual design is a crucial phase for the System Architects to evaluate 3D architecture concepts of mechatronic systems mainly with regard to the ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC). Our research work deals with the combination of electromagnetic modeling and a topological approach to support the qualitative and quantitative ElectroMagnetic Interferences (EMI) evaluation process within the MBSE SAMOS approach as of the conceptual design. For a given interference, the analysis of topological models allows the qualitative identification of the existence of victims with their associated potential aggressors, based on the electrical schema of interacting components. Then, once the potential EMIs have been qualitatively identified, a quantitative evaluation can be performed based on the predefined electromagnetic and geometrical requirements, and on the analysis of the identified physical coupling law. Finally, this approach has been applied to the alien crosstalk occurring in an electrical vehicle powertrain, with a quantitative evaluation based on the two following methods: an analytical approach and Kron's approach.
Train Route Information Visual Distance Extension and Analysis of Driver Cognitive Reliability

At present, when the train is running between the stations, the driver cannot see the train route situation of the station ahead. Only when the train approaches the station, will the driver be able to confirm the train route information by looking at the home signal or calling the station attendant. If the train route information cannot be confirmed in time, the driver cannot control the train in accordance with the route condition, which may endanger the train safety. This article proposes a method for extending the visual distance of train routes. In this way, the driver can see the image of train route set by the station in front of the cab at any time, several kilometers away. Train route information visual distance extension (TRIVDE) improves the driver's cognitive environment and enhances the accuracy of the driver's confirmation of the train route. This article describes the realization of TRIVDE. The cognitive reliability model is established to compare the cognitive error probability of driver's confirmation of train route information before and after visual extension. TRIVDE method can improve the safety of train operation by reducing the probability of driver's cognitive error of train route.
Overall statistical monitoring of static and dynamic patterns

A new approach to overall multivariate statistical monitoring, including all static normal operations and the intermediate states between them, is introduced and then applied to real plant data. Principal component analysis or partial least squares (PLS) is used to reduce the dimensionality of data and to remove collinearity. After the compression of data, the credibilistic fuzzy c-means method is used to appropriately group the data. These algorithms use score vectors of PLS as feature vectors. So, we find total proper different normal operation conditions. To identify operation change modes, a discrimination index is proposed based on the time-series pattern of the membership values of clusters. Using this index, we can monitor all data patterns. The proposed monitoring method is applied to real experimental data from a full-scale power plant process and simulated data from a continuous stirred tank reactor model, and the results are discussed. In particular, the proposed method is found to easily discriminate between intermediate states and faults (or abnormalities) occurring within the process data.
Optimal Scheduling for a Zero Net Energy Community Microgrid With Customer-Owned Energy Storage Systems

With the increasing use of renewable energy resources in power systems, it is necessary to overcome the limitations of these resources in terms of the supply and demand balance in high-voltage power systems. A viable solution is employing zero net energy community microgrids, which can manage the demand locally and minimize the impact to the power grid. To this end, this paper proposes an optimal scheduling method for a zero net energy community microgrid with customer-owned energy storage systems (CES). It is assumed that the microgrid operator operates in the CES market based on a bilateral contract. The CES aggregators constitute the CES and participate in the market. The aggregated CES (ACES) is considered as a single energy storage system in the proposed scheduling method. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Magnetic Properties of Nanostructured MnFe2O4 Synthesized by Precursor Technique

Nanostructured MnFe 2 O 4 particles in the size range 7-30 nm are prepared by the thermal decomposition of manganese iron citrate precursor at different temperatures (623-973 K) in an inert atmosphere. The Curie temperature (T C ) of the as-prepared MnFe 2 O 4 nanosized particles is found to be higher than the bulk material by 70 K. This is explained on the basis of non-equilibrium cation distribution in our samples. The heat treatment of the particles at 673 K changes the cation distribution to an equilibrium state and correspondingly T C is modified. We observe that saturation magnetization decreases with decrease in the size of the particles and this is explained by a magnetic dead layer present on the surface of the nanostructured particles.