Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 2005 Qeshm Island earthquake (Iran)—a link between buried reverse faulting and surface folding in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt?

SUMMARY The 2005 November 27 Qeshm Island earthquake (M w 6.0) provides an excellent opportunity to study coseismic deformation in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt with Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry (InSAR). Typical of reverse faulting in the Zagros, slip in the Qeshm Island earthquake did not rupture the surface. However, ascending and descending track interferograms spanning the earthquake both show an elliptical pattern of surface deformation in the central part of the island. We invert the interferometric data to attain a set of source parameters; these show ∼1 m slip on a steep (∼50 ◦ ), north-dipping reverse fault, extending from a maximum depth of ∼ 8u p to∼4 km below the surface. Limited aeromagnetic data suggests the fault ruptured the sedimentary cover; whether its deepest parts also affected the crystalline basement is not clear. Source parameters from seismic body wave modelling agree with those from the interferometric modelling. Using the InSAR-derived model, we produce a map of coseismic vertical displacements, with which we compare the surface structure of the island. Coseismic uplift is centred on the eastern end of a major anticline, which trends E‐W, parallel with the fault. The long-term growth of this fold may be controlled primarily by repeated earthquakes on this fault. However, the uplifted region extends to parts of other nearby folds, whose long-term growth must have other controls; moreover, a region of coseismic subsidence lies very close to a part of the Qeshm island coastline that displays raised beaches, evidence of Quaternary uplift. Therefore the link between reverse faulting and surface folding is not wholly evident from this earthquake alone. The local structure is complicated by orthogonal fold axes; it may take a large earthquake in a simpler structural setting within the Zagros to establish convincingly whether a one-to-one correlation between faulting and folding exists.
Identification of Risk Factors by Using Macroeconomic and Firm-Specific Variables Simultaneously in Tehran Stock Exchange by Applying Canonical Correlation Analysis

The main objective of this study is to give the insight of describing mixing accounting ratios and macroeconomic variables as the risk factors in Iran. The results indicate a significant relationship between book to market ratio, financial leverage, size factors and expected stock returns in the Iranian market. In consistent with the other studies, we came to the conclusion that the term structure of interest rate is the only macroeconomic variable that has been significant in the model, if size and book to market ratio is also existed in the model.Maximum %28 of variance explained by canonical variate.
RoskildeUniversity From apprenticeship to higher vocational education in Denmark building bridges while the gap is widening

Upper secondary vocational education in Denmark is based on the apprenticeship model, which is recognised as a valuable route to employment for young people, who are not aiming for higher education. However, the apprenticeship model has a major weakness: it does not provide eligibility for higher education. The purpose of this article is to examine this problem in a historical perspective. The article builds on a combination of policy studies, statistical cohort studies and interview studies. First, the article explores why progression from apprenticeship to higher education has become a major policy problem in Denmark. Secondly, it explores political initiatives taken to ‘build bridges’ to higher education. Thirdly, it examines the development of technical higher vocational education, which has been a main destination for the former appren-tices. Lastly, it examines changes in the transition patterns from apprenticeships to higher education in recent decades and examines why the transition rate has declined. Explanations for the decline are identified at the structural, the institutional and the individual levels. It concludes by pointing at a dilemma behind the policies pursued: Trying to strengthen the links from apprenticeship to higher education involves a risk of weakening the current strong links to the labour market.
Exponential decay of Bergman kernels on complete Hermitian manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded from below

ABSTRACT Given a smooth positive measure μ on a complete Hermitian manifold with Ricci curvature bounded from below, we prove a pointwise Agmon-type bound for the corresponding Bergman kernel, under rather general conditions involving the coercivity of an associated complex Laplacian on -forms. Thanks to an appropriate version of the Bochner–Kodaira–Nakano basic identity, we can give explicit geometric sufficient conditions for such coercivity to hold. Our results extend several known bounds in the literature to the case in which the manifold is neither assumed to be Kähler nor of ‘bounded geometry’. The key ingredients of our proof are a localization formula for the complex Laplacian (of the kind used in the theory of Schrödinger operators) and a mean value inequality for subsolutions of the heat equation on Riemannian manifolds due to Li, Schoen, and Tam. We also show in an appendix that the ‘twisted basic identities’, e.g. [McNeal JD and Varolin D. estimates for the operator. Bull Math Sci. 2015;5(2):179–249] are standard basic identities with respect to conformally Kähler metrics.
Mechanisms for enhancing employer investment in training: a comparative perspective

In recent years, the debate over reform to national vocational education and training systems has shifted from a focus on the supply‐side of VET—qualifications structures, national training schemes and institutional structures—to demand for training by industry and the role of employers in increasing the skills levels of the workforce. Yet, enhancing employer demands for training has proved to be a perennial problem for governments of all political complexions in the developed world. Approaches to securing enterprise investment in training by governments form a continuum from low‐level intervention to compulsion and regulation, and range from approaches which attempt to secure voluntary commitment through to legislating enterprise expenditure on training. Voluntary commitment is often seen as the most desirable and self‐sustaining approach, but is difficult to secure from enterprises. As a result, governments have often experimented with policies of compulsion to make employers invest in training such as training levies. However, decisions about expenditure on training ultimately depend on individual employer's interests, values and commitments. Improving and enhancing employers' perceptions of the value of training are vital to increasing the levels of expenditure. This paper discusses the range of government approaches to encouraging employers to invest in training and development that are to be found in the developed world. It argues that compulsory employer levies are rarely successful and that increasing the level of investment in training by employers is more likely to be achieved through more subtle policy mechanisms.
Elemental Interrelationships and Depositional Controls of Barremian-Danian Strata of the Cauvery Basin, Southern India

Much of the geochemical signals in rock record of the Cauvery basin, South India are preserved without much obliteration, as revealed by statistical analyses. These primary signals indicate alternation of warmer and cooler climatic conditions coeval with sea level rise and fall favoring alternative deposition of carbonates and siliciclastics respectively. Such alternations were also influenced by basin configuration, hinterland topography and dominant prevalence of physical erosion. Statistical analyses of the geochemical data thus show the existence of two major groups of elements associated with siliciclastic and carbonate deposition respectively, influenced by sea level changes. Existence of highly cross-correlated nature of elemental concentrations in carbonates and absence of such relationships in silicates indicates deposition of carbonates under primary influence of biogeochemica l processes and deposition of siliciclastics under the influences of physical energy and detrital influx. Comparatively low rate of deposition of carbonates and resultant higher chemical equilibration of sediments with surrounding fluid media and quick burial of siliciclastics before inheriting chemical equilibration besides resistance of siliciclastics to chemical weathering and alteration are also inferred to have played role in generating grouping of elements.
Mass transfer across single bubbles

Studies done on mass transfer across thin films have established that Hanratty’s β (surface divergence) parameter is an important factor determining the mass transfer rate of specie across the gas-water interface. The present work is an attempt to ascertain if the β parameter is a dominant factor governing the scalar transport across the bubble surface as in a bubbly flow. Our work begun with a numerical study used to design the experimental setup for the next stage. By assuming that the empirical models relating β and KL are still valid, our preliminary results indirectly show that the relation between β and KL given by Law and Khoo (2002) is still valid for bubble sizes between 2 and 12 mm.
Independent sets in graph products via harmonic analysis

In this thesis we study the independent sets of Knr , the weak product of n complete graphs on r vertices, which are close to be of maximum size. We review the previously known results. For constant r and arbitrary n, it was known that every such independent set is close to some independent set of maximum size. We prove that this statement holds for arbitrary r and n. The proof involves some techniques from Fourier analysis of Boolean functions on Znr . In fact we show that when most of the 2-norm weight of the Fourier expansion of a Boolean function on Znr is concentrated on the first two levels, then the function can be approximated by a Boolean function that depends only on one coordinate. A stronger analogue of this has been proven by Jean Bourgain for Zn2 . We present an expanded version of his proof in this thesis.
THE BARRETTHAND GRASPER - PROGRAMMABLY FLEXIBLE PART HANDLING AND ASSEMBLY

This paper details the design and operation of the BarrettHand BH8-250, an intelligent, highly flexible eight-axis gripper that reconfigures itself in real t ime to conform securely to a wide variety of part shapes without tool-change interruptions. The grasper brings enormous value to factory automation because it: reduces the required number and size of robotic work cells (which average US$90,000 each - not including the high cost of footprint) while boosting factory throughput; consolidates the hodgepodge proliferat ion of customized gripper-jaw shapes onto a common programmab le p latform; and enables incremental process imp rovement and accommodates frequent new-product introductions, capabilit ies deployed instantly via software across international networks of factories.
Method of nanocarbon/montmorillonite powder extraction

In this reported work, carbon/montmorillonite (C/MMT) nanometre particles and micrometre particles blended were extracted by the froth flotation method, extraction and density gradient centrifugation. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and particle size analysis were employed to characterise the C/MMT extracted before and after. The results have shown that the froth flotation method cannot effectively collect C/MMT nanocomposites, and the extraction is not effective, whereas density gradient centrifugation can collect vari-size grained C/MMT nanocomposite particles. On using density gradient centrifugation, the thicknesses of C/MMT nanocomposite particles are <20 nm.
Pub: Probing the Interaction of Human Salivary Alpha-Amylase and Amylase Binding Protein A (AbpA) of Streptococcus gordonii

Amylase binding protein A (AbpA) of Streptococcus gordonii serves as a major receptor for human salivary α-amylase (HSAmy), the predominant enzyme in human salivary secretions, to bind to the bacterial cell surface. On enamel surfaces, the binding of AbpA to HSAmy renders S. gordonii act as a scaffold for other oral bacteria to attach to the acquired enamel pellicle leading to complex bacterial communities and invasion of host tissues. While the role of AbpA in adhesion, starch metabolism and biofilm formation in influencing the ecology of the oral biofilms has been established, the structure function relationships of AbpA are yet to be defined. Since distally located aromatic residues of HSAmy are involved in the interaction with AbpA, we hypothesized that AbpA might use separate structural regions to bind to HSAmy. To test this, several deletion mutants of AbpA were constructed and studied to correlate the effect of deletions in binding to HSAmy in the following: 1) their secondary structural features through circular dichroism studies; 2) their ability to alter the capacity of HSAmy to hydrolyze starch and several oligosaccharides after complex formation and 3) their binding to HSAmy using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Our results showed that a) AbpA does not bind at the active site of salivary α-amylase; b) both the N-terminal region (24-56 residues) and a central region (residues 124-165) are required for binding to HSAmy; and c) the C-terminal end residues (166- 195) are not necessary for binding. These results clearly show that AbpA binding to HSAmy encompasses distinct and distal regions of the structure.
Implications of potential future grand solar minimum for ozone layer and climate

Abstract. Continued anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are expected to cause further global warming throughout the 21st century. Understanding the role of natural forcings and their influence on global warming is thus of great interest. Here we investigate the impact of a recently proposed 21st century grand solar minimum on atmospheric chemistry and climate using the SOCOL3-MPIOM chemistry–climate model with an interactive ocean element. We examine five model simulations for the period 2000–2199, following the greenhouse gas concentration scenario RCP4.5 and a range of different solar forcings. The reference simulation is forced by perpetual repetition of solar cycle 23 until the year 2199. This reference is compared with grand solar minimum simulations, assuming a strong decline in solar activity of 3.5 and 6.5 W m−2, respectively, that last either until 2199 or recover in the 22nd century. Decreased solar activity by 6.5 W m−2 is found to yield up to a doubling of the GHG-induced stratospheric and mesospheric cooling. Under the grand solar minimum scenario, tropospheric temperatures are also projected to decrease compared to the reference. On the global scale a reduced solar forcing compensates for at most 15 % of the expected greenhouse warming at the end of the 21st and around 25 % at the end of the 22nd century. The regional effects are predicted to be significant, in particular in northern high-latitude winter. In the stratosphere, the reduction of around 15 % of incoming ultraviolet radiation leads to a decrease in ozone production by up to 8 %, which overcompensates for the anticipated ozone increase due to reduced stratospheric temperatures and an acceleration of the Brewer–Dobson circulation. This, in turn, leads to a delay in total ozone column recovery from anthropogenic halogen-induced depletion, with a global ozone recovery to the pre-ozone hole values happening only upon completion of the grand solar minimum.
Some Localized Boundary-Domain Integro-Dierenti al Formulations for Quasi-linear Problems with Variable Coecients

Equation, Localized, Boundary-Domain Integro-Dierenti al Equation Abstract. Boundary value problems for a second order nonlinear partial dierential equation with variable coecients depending on the unknown solution and its gradient are considered. Specially constructed localized parametrixes of an auxiliary linear partial dierential equation and a com- bination of the Green identities for the original and auxiliary equations are used in this paper to reduce the nonlinear BVP to a nonlinear Lo- calized Boundary-Domain Integro-Dierenti al Equation (LBDIDE). After discretization, this results in a sparsely populated system of nonlinear al- gebraic equations, which can be solved by well-known ecient methods. Some techniques of the parametrix localization are discussed and the cor- responding nonlinear LBDIDEs are presented.
The role of osmoprotectants and antioxidant enzymes in the differential response of durum wheat genotypes to salinity

This study aims to investigate the importance of accumulation of osmoprotectants and activities of some key antioxidant enzymes in genotypic variation (GV) observed among durum wheat genotypes in response to increasing NaCl salinity (0-200 mmol/L) at seedling stage. Germination and seedling growth traits of all the genotypes were significantly decreased by salinity. Mohamed Ben Bachir, the more salt-tolerant genotype, exhibited the lowest reduction in final germination percentage (FGP, <18%) and seedling growth (<60%, based on dry biomass), the lowest increase in proline (PRO) and water soluble carbohydrates contents but highest the increase in catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities. Correlation and principal components analysis revealed that the most important variables distinguishing salt tolerant vs. salt non-tolerant genotypes were root to shoot ratio (R/S, 36.1%), CAT (30.6%), APX (12.5%) and FGP (5.74%). Although PRO and WSC could play a key role in salt tolerance by mediating osmotic adjustment, these compounds do not seem to be significantly involved in genotypic variation (GV) for salinity tolerance in durum wheat.
Foreign Aid, Resources and Export Diversification in Africa: A New Test of Existing Theories

Recent theoretical literature suggests that aid, geography, and resource endowments affect diversification of exports in Africa. This paper examines the validity of these popular views using a System-GMM methodology and panel data for African countries. The evidence suggests that aid, the quality of infrastructure, and resource endowments are robust determinants of diversification in Africa. It also suggests that there is no systematic relationship between geography and diversification. Furthermore, there is some evidence that institutional factors are important although it is not robust. Finally, the paper offers recommendations on how to promote export diversification in the region.
Data-based Wave Filtering Using Neural Networks with Application to Dynamic Positioning

Ships are constantly affected by environmental disturbances. Oscillating wave forces are one of these disturbances. In dynamic positioning applications, these wave disturbances lead to an oscillating motion of the ship about its mean position. Even though the overall position is not affected by the oscillating disturbance, the actuators of the ship will try to compensate for it. This behavior is unwanted since it leads to unnecessary wear of the actuators and high fuel consumption. A solution is to apply wave filtering techniques, which eliminate the oscillating motion induced by waves from the measured position. This enables control of the low-frequency motion and reduces oscillation of the actuators. This study evaluates if it is possible to learn a wave filtering algorithm to predict the low-frequency motion without knowledge about system parameters. For this approach, available measurement and control data is utilized to extract the information needed. A predictor based on a recurrent neural network is proposed. The recurrent neural network is trained on a sliding window to learn the model adaptively. The required training data is created from past measured position data. Creating the training data is done by estimating the dominating frequency of the wave disturbance and applying noncausal filtering. The recurrent neural network learns to predict the low-frequency motion using measured positions, control inputs of the ship, and past predicted low-frequency positions as inputs to the neural network. After training, the low-frequency position is predicted by the predictor until the neural network is trained again. The training is performed regularly to enable convergence towards a wave-filtering model and to adapt to changing disturbances. The performance is evaluated through simulations with increasing complexity. The available data can contains enough information to learn wave filtering. Simulations on a system with one degree of freedom indicate that a wave-filtering model can be learned if the system is excited. Increasing the complexity to three degrees of freedom shows that the predictor can be extended to predict the lowfrequency motion of more complex systems. However, the predictor struggles to learn rotational dependencies. Initial results from applying the predictor on data from a ship simulator are promising but need further work.
Phylogenetic community structure reveals differences in plant community assembly of an oligotrophic white-sand ecosystem from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Mussununga, an oligotrophic sandy savanna ecosystem, comprises distinct physiognomies along fi re, water and nutrient availability gradients. Grasslands and woodlands are constrained at the opposite poles of these gradients, with grasslands occurring in areas with poorer soils and higher levels of both water-stress and fi re intensity. According to the stress-dominance hypothesis, one might expect the importance of competition for community assembly to increase from grasslands to woodlands. Assuming conservation of ecological niches within evolutionary lineages, this should increase phylogenetic overdispersion from grasslands towards woodlands. To test this, we calculated phylogenetic diversity and community structure using diff erent null models as well as the phylogenetic signal of life form as a proxy of niche space. All indices indicate phylogenetic clustering for grasslands and phylogenetic overdispersion for woodlands. Considering that most life-forms showed a signifi cant phylogenetic signal, fi ndings indicate that competition and further density dependent factors may play a larger role in community assembly of physiognomies in less harsh positions along the gradient, while environmental fi ltering dominates the harsher positions. Our results indicate that the entire gradient should receive conservation priority in order to guarantee the eff ective conservation of this endangered ecosystem, including its species richness and ecological processes such as community assembly.
Essential oils as complementary and alternative medicines for the treatment of influenza

Influenza is a common infectious respiratory disease that not only causes seasonal outbreaks, but can also cause deadly global pandemics. Herbal medicines have been used for centuries to treat symptoms of influenza and essential oils derived from them have been prescribed as complementary and alternative treatments against influenza. This review presents a summary of essential oils that have shown antiinfluenza activity, the typical compositions of the oils, as well as essential oil components that have shown anti-influenza activity