Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Colorado River Basin Operational Prediction Testbed: A Framework for Evaluating Streamflow Forecasts and Reservoir Operations

The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) plays a central management role in the Colorado River Basin (CRB), with an increasing focus on meeting the needs of stakeholders during the current drought. One aspect of this role involves generating five‐year projections of reservoir operating conditions in the federal multi‐reservoir system. These projections are the basis for estimating the probability of shortage conditions, which are relied on by stakeholders, and are particularly important during drought. Currently, Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) forecasts drive Reclamation's Colorado River Mid‐term Modeling System to produce probabilistic reservoir projections to be used in risk‐based analysis and decision support for the first two years of the outlook period. The lack of significant forecast skill beyond the first year motivates interest in alternative forecasting approaches. The CRB Operational Prediction Testbed was created to provide a quantitative and consistent framework for assessing the skill of streamflow forecasts and their impact on associated reservoir system projections. Reservoir system projections are evaluated by analyzing Lakes Powell and Mead operations, including projected pool elevation and operating tiers. In an initial application of this testbed, ESP forecasts were compared to experimental streamflow forecasts to assess their skill impact on two‐year reservoir projections, which are critical information for managing drought.
Implementation of Simple Linear Regression for Predicting of Students’ Academic Performance in Mathematics

Predicting student academic performance is an interesting thing to research. Student academic performance can be used to determine the level of student mastery of the subject matter that has been delivered. This research uses academic and personal data of secondary students on mathematics subject scores in Portugal with 395 data records. The purpose of this research is to study how linear regression is applied in order to determine the predictive results of students' academic performance. Prediction evaluation is done by calculating attribute correlation with class, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The results of this research test the accuracy obtained linearly with correlation results, namely class failure (d) has the smallest RMSE and MAPE with an RMSE value of 1.148 and a MAPE of 9.82% of students' academic performance in mathematics. The results of the data analysis show that the failure variable has a positive effect on G3, where the probability value of the F test, the significance value for the simultaneous failure effect on G3 is 0.006 <0.05 and from the analysis of the coefficient of determination it is known that the failures variable is significant to the dependent variable with a large influence 63,8 % (model 2).
Efficient 3D Acoustic Simulation of the Vocal Tract by Combining the Multimodal Method and Finite Elements

Acoustic simulation of sound propagation inside the vocal tract is a key element of speech research, especially for articulatory synthesis, which allows one to relate the physics of speech production to other fields of speech science, such as speech perception. Usual methods, such as the transmission line method, have a very low computational cost and perform relatively good up to 4–5 kHz, but are not satisfying above. Fully numerical 3D methods such as finite elements achieve the best accuracy, but have a very high computational cost. Better performances are achieved with the state of the art semi-analytical methods, but they cannot describe the vocal tract geometry as accurately as fully numerical methods (e.g. no possibility to take into account the curvature). This work proposes a new semi-analytical method that achieves a better description of the three-dimensional vocal-tract geometry while keeping the computational cost substantially lower than the fully numerical methods. It is a multimodal method which relies on two-dimensional finite elements to compute transverse modes and takes into account the curvature and the variations of cross-sectional area. The comparison with finite element simulations shows that the same degree of accuracy (about 1% of difference in the resonance frequencies) is achieved with a computational cost about 10 times lower.
Vanadyl(acetylacetonate)2 mediated hydrolytic splitting of 1,3,5-triazine in a solution of toluene at 130 °C: The crystal structure of its axial formamide adduct

A toluene reaction of vanadyl bis(acetylacetonate) with 1,3,5-triazine produces a symmetrical three-fold hydrolytic cleavage of the triazine, and these three formamide moieties are found in the crystal structure. One of the resulting formamides attaches itself to the sixth (axial) position of the vanadyl complex, producing materials in which the remaining two formamides are trapped in the resulting lattice. Those crystals belong in space group Pca21, Z = 4 and the final R-factor = 0.030 for 3213 data collected at 100 K.
TM-LPSAT: Encoding Temporal Metric Planning in Continuous Time

In any domain with change, the dimension of time is inherently involved. Whether the domain should be modeled in discrete time or continuous time depends on aspects of the domain to be modeled. Many complex real-world domains involve continuous time, resources, metric quantities and concurrent actions. Planning in such domains must necessarily go beyond simple discrete models of time and change. In this thesis, we show how the SAT-based planning framework can be extended to generate plans of concurrent asynchronous actions that may depend on or make change piecewise linear metric constraints in continuous time. In the SAT-based planning framework, a planning problem is formulated as a satisfiability problem of a set of propositional constraints (axioms) such that any model of the axioms corresponds to a valid plan. There are two parameters to a SAT-based planning system: an encoding scheme for representing plans of bounded length and a propositional SAT solver to search for a model. The LPSAT architecture is composed of a SAT solver integrated with a linear arithmetic constraint solver in order to deal with metric aspects of domains. We present encoding schemes for temporal models of continuous time defined in PDDL+: (i) Durative actions with discrete and/or continuous changes; (ii) Real-time temporal model with exogenous events and autonomous processes capturing continuous changes. The encoding represents, in a CNF formula over arithmetic constraints and propositional fluents, time-stamped parallel plans possibly with concurrent continuous and discrete changes. In addition, we present encoding schemes for multi-capacity resources, partitioned interval resources, and metric quantities in intervals. An interval type can be used as a parameter to action as well as a fluent type. Based on the LPSAT engine, the TM-LPSAT temporal metric planner has been implemented: Given a PDDL+ representation of a planning problem, the TM-LPSAT compiler generates its encoding, which is fed into the LPSAT to find a solution corresponding to a plan for the planning problem. We also have experimented on our temporal metric encodings with another decision procedure, MathSAT. The results show that there is plenty of room to push the limits of the SAT-based approach.
A Comparison Between Global Nutrient Retention Models for Freshwater Systems

Against the backdrop of increasing agricultural production, population, and freshwater/coastal eutrophication, studies are aiming to understand the behavior of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the global freshwater system. Global nutrient models are typically used to quantify the nutrient amount and content in freshwater systems across different river orders and catchments. Such models typically use empirically derived nutrient retention equations for predicting nutrient fate, and these equations may be derived using data from a specific region or environment or for a specific context. Here we used IMAGE-GNM, a spatially explicit nutrient model at a half-degree resolution, to examine the performance of several well-known empirical equations by comparing the respective model outcomes with observed data on a global scale. The results show that (1) globally, the empirical retention equations work better for predicting N fate than P fate; (2) hydraulic drivers are the most important factor affecting the residual of total N and P concentrations, compared with the functional forms and the coefficients in the empirical equations. This study can aid in assessing the variability and accuracy of various retention equations from regional to global scales, and thus further strengthen our understanding of global eutrophication.
COVID-19 Safety and Preventive Measures and Social Norms: How It Shaped Airlines Passengers’ Trustworthiness

In the era of COVID-19, travel decisions are influenced by social norms, which is a deciding factor between one’s perception of risk and their travel intention. Moreover, serious safety measures, such as increased aircraft cleaning, social distancing during the boarding process, and the use of face masks are critical factors that influence passengers’ trust in air travel. This study examines the direct effects of safety and preventive measures and social norms on passengers’ trust in travelling with airlines. A total of 210 responses were obtained online. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the study hypotheses. Based on the result, social norms are the most influential predictors of passengers’ trust, followed by safety and preventive measures. Furthermore, the study suggests that media coverage and social circle influence can be critical elements in transferring information to passengers, influencing their decision, and instill trust to travel during the pandemic. Notably, apart from exercising social norms, the airline industry also needs to focus on safety and preventive measures consisting of staff safety practices towards the passenger and new standard operating procedures (SOPs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study findings assist the airline industry in understanding passengers’ post-pandemic travelling behaviour. Notably, the implementation of health security protocols at airports, supported by the provision of continuous safety information, is indeed an important feature for passengers.
Effect of Mild Hypothermia on Morbidity and Mortality in Post AMI Cardiogenic Shock

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated with cardiogenic shock is still associated with a significant death rate. Other interventions, including intra-aortic balloon counter pulsation and medical therapy, failed to improve prognosis in large-scale randomised studies, with the exception of early revascularization. Recently, mild therapeutic hypothermia, in which patients are lowered to 33°C over the course of 24 hours, has been proposed as a therapy option for cardiogenic shock patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of mild hypothermia on morbidity and mortality associated with post-AMI cardiogenic shock. Methods: This randomized, controlled, unblinded trial was conducted on 50 patients with AMI complicated by CS. Patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups; group I received MTH to 33°C for 24-36 h and group II (control group) did not receive MTH. Patients were subjected to full history taking, general and clinical examination, laboratory examination, echo, chest ultrasound (US), coronary angiography data and mild therapeutic hypothermia protocol. Results: Stroke until day 30, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, duration of inotropic support, mortality and pulmonary congestion by US were insignificantly different between both groups. Arterial lactate and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) at 4h, 6h, 8h, 10h, 12h, 14h, 16h, 18h, 20h were significantly increased in group I than Group II (P value<0.05). and were insignificantly different between both groups at 0h, 2h, 22h, 24h, 26h, 28h, 30h. Serum creatinine at 24h, 48h was significantly increased in group I than Group II (p value <0.05) and was insignificantly different between both groups at 0h. Conclusions: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) didn’t improve short term outcomes in patients with post AMI cardiogenic shock.
Wireless power transfer via Subterahertz-wave

Research on wireless power transmission by a rectenna using millimeter waves and subterahertz waves is gaining attention. It is expected that energy harvesters at high frequencies will be developed for use with future 5 G. High-power wireless power supply to various applications will be possible because of miniaturization of the rectenna. As described herein, we investigate earlier studies of millimeter-wave wireless power supply, selecting and explaining salient examples of millimeter-wave high power wireless power supply.
A survey of six fluoroquinolones in live aquatic produce from the regions surrounding the Dongting Lake in Hunan, China

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was used to detect six fluoroquinolones (FQs) in live aquatic produce sampled from the region surrounding the Dongting Lake in Hunan, China. Results showed that 8.3% of samples were contaminated with norfloxacin in the range of 4.5 to 10.3 µg/kg, and 7.3% of samples carried residual ofloxacin in the range of 6.7 to 76.0 µg/kg. One crucian carp sample was pefloxacin-positive, and one blunt snout bream sample was lomefloxacin-positive, and the level in these two samples were 18.3 and 25.1 µg/kg, respectively. Further, 3.1% of samples contained residues of enrofloxacin and (or) ciprofloxacin higher than their maximum residue limits. This survey demonstrated that banned drugs were occasionally used, and that enrofloxacin was occasionally used in excess in aquaculture in the surveyed area.
Family Power and Corporate Investment Efficiency

ABSTRACT This study examines the relationship between family power and corporate investment efficiency in Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) countries. Family power in firms is manifested in how much decision-making power is concentrated in the hands of family members who are active either on the board of directors, or as executives of a firm. Using a unique measure of “family power,” we contribute to a growing interest in the role of family influence in the GCC emerging markets, where firms and business practices are typically controlled by families. We find that increased family power reduces firms’ level of under- and over-investment. We assert that this relation arises because firms are able to exhibit high levels of family power through socioemotional wealth preservation in reducing both management agency costs and earnings management.
An Integrated Novel Framework for Coping Missing Values Imputation and Classification

This work presents an integrated framework for imputation of missing values and prediction of class label of unseen samples by using the best features of rule based inductive decision tree (DT) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier (DT-SVM). In this work, the decision tree is used for imputation of missing values of the datasets containing both categorical and numerical valued attributes. In addition, some of the other popular and simple missing value imputation techniques like drop, mean, median, mode, and k-nearest neighbor (kNN) are used for a comparative analysis. The imputed datasets are then classified using SVM. The performance of the proposed integrated novel framework DT-SVM has been compared with Drop-SVM, Mean-SVM, Median-SVM, Mode-SVM, and kNN-SVM and it is found that DT-SVM outperforms others. Further, a new variant of kNN named it as approximated kNN (A-kNN) has been proposed to overcome some of the shortcomings of canonical kNN while learning from a training set imputed by DT. Unlike canonical kNN, A-kNN does not scan the entire training set. Instead, it processes some of the representative instances from the training dataset to identify the nearest neighbor. The class centroid approach is adopted to find the representative instances of the training set. The effectiveness in term of accuracy as well as computational time of A-kNN is examined by comparing with canonical kNN. It is found that computational time of the proposed A-kNN is drastically reduced as compared to canonical kNN without compromising with the classification accuracy.
Solo vs. Chorus: Monomers and Oligomers of Arrestin Proteins

Three out of four subtypes of arrestin proteins expressed in mammals self-associate, each forming oligomers of a distinct kind. Monomers and oligomers have different subcellular localization and distinct biological functions. Here we summarize existing evidence regarding arrestin oligomerization and discuss specific functions of monomeric and oligomeric forms, although too few of the latter are known. The data on arrestins highlight biological importance of oligomerization of signaling proteins. Distinct modes of oligomerization might be an important contributing factor to the functional differences among highly homologous members of the arrestin protein family.
High altitude limit of the gradient drift instability. Interim report

The gradient drift instability for F region plasma clouds is investigated with ion inertia effects retained. Under the assumption that the ion gyrofrequency, Omega, is greater than inertial time changes (delta/delta T and divergence of V sub I) and the ion-neutral collision frequency, V sub in, a quadratic dispersion equation results. In the limit that V sub in >> 4cE /sub 0//BL (E/sub 0/ and B are the ambient electric and magnetic fields, and L is the plasma cloud density gradient scale length), the growth rate, gamma, reduces to the usual result CE /sub 0//BL. In the opposite limit v sub in << 4cE /sub 0//BL, gamma = (CE /sub 0/ V sub in/BL) to the 1/2 power. This result can explain why high-altitude (approximately 450 km) Barium releases, where v sub in is less than unity and a factor of 10-100 smaller than at lower altitudes (Approximately 200 km), striate on time scales similar to the lower altitude releases.
Geodynamic and Isotopic Constraints on the Genesis of Kimberlites, Lamproites and Related Magmas From the Finnish Segment of the Karelian Craton

Despite the scientific and economic significance of kimberlites and related magmas, their origin is unclear. Here, we address this issue using whole‐rock and perovskite‐derived Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopes for the three occurrences of kimberlite, lamproites and ultramafic lamprophyres (UMLs) in Finland. Mesoproterozoic olivine lamproites at Lentiira‐Kuhmo and UMLs at Kuusamo have different isotopic signatures yet were emplaced contemporaneously at 1,200 Ma in response to an extensional regime linked to the Baltica‐Laurentia breakup. The low εNd(i) and εHf(i) values of the olivine lamproites are consistent with an enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) source while UML compositions are intermediate between those of typical kimberlites and lamproites and are interpreted to reflect mixing of asthenospheric melts and ∼10%–15% of melts sourced from metasomatized SCLM. The ∼750 Ma Kuusamo kimberlites, are probably linked to the mantle plume activity that initiated Rodinia's break‐up, exhibiting homogenous isotopic compositions which mirror the prominent Geodynamic and Source Constraints for ∼1,200 Ma Olivine Lamproite and Ultramafic Lamprophyre Magmatism in Eastern Finland (PREMA)‐like signature of kimberlites globally. By contrast, ∼620–585 Ma Kaavi‐Kuopio kimberlites show limited range in εNd(i) and 87Sr/86Sr(i) but have remarkably heterogeneous εHf(i) (+6.5 to −6.3) with a temporal trend toward lower εHf(i) values. While the Kuusamo kimberlites erupted during the early stage of continental break‐up, the Kaavi‐Kuopio kimberlites were emplaced when Rodinia break‐up was completed, coeval with formation of the Central Iapetus large igneous province. Magmas forming the Kaavi‐Kupio kimberlites may have formed from an upwelling mantle source similar to PREMA modified by increasing incorporation (up to 10%) of recycled crustal material through time accounting for the trend toward lower εHf(i) in these kimberlites.
Study of the kinetic behaviour of non-enzymatic browning reaction between L-ascorbic acid and glycine by the excess concentration method

The formation kinetics of browning products (BPs) derived from the self-degradation of L-ascorbic acid (AA) and the reaction between AA and glycine (Gly) were investigated at pH 6.8 and various other parameters, such as temperature, time, and molar concentration ratio of AA/Gly. The temperature ranged from 110 to 150°C, the time ranged from 10 to 240 min, and the molar concentration ratios of AA to Gly were 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4. The results suggested that the formation rate of BPs was promoted by increasing the temperature, prolonging the time, and augmenting the molar ratio of AA. Based on the assumption of a kinetic model and a possible reaction pathway, the formation rate of BPs followed a pseudo-first order, and the rate was primarily dependent on the consumption of AA. The formation activation energies (Ea) for the BPs were 60.76 and 70.16 kJ/mol with AA/Gly ratios of 4:1 and 1:4, respectively.
Police Resilience as a Multilevel Balance: Needs and Resources for Victim Support Officers

Providing face-to-face support to victims entails one the most intense stress- and trauma-laden exchanges of law enforcement tasks, which frequently triggers long lasting negative effects on police officer’s psychological wellbeing. When exploring this phenomenon, police resilience is often interpreted as police officers’ and organization’s capacity to react and recover from negative experiences and impediments, and as such it may be perceived as both a trait and a trainable and promotable skill. Yet, in very recent times, police resilience has faced new or transformed challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as victims, citizens, and public institutions have encountered new needs and situations. Drawing from a unique qualitative, in-depth research with police officers that provide support to victims of gender-based and domestic violence, this paper analyzes officers’ needs and challenges regarding their interactions with victims, colleagues, superiors, and other occupational demands, as they interplay into stress and trauma that may lead to burnout and compassion fatigue. Illustrated with the empirical findings of the case study of the Catalonia’s Mossos d’Esquadra police corps, the paper explores how officers negotiate individuals’ expectations, needs, and procedures signals towards potential challenges and threats to their psychological wellbeing with implications for police forces and other public and private institutions. The specific needs and demands of the participants’ policing, related to support to gender-based and domestic violence, presents an in-depth analysis of how stress and trauma are understood and experienced from the police officers’ perspectives.
An informed type A evaluation of standard uncertainty valid for any sample size greater than or equal to 1

An informed type A evaluation of standard uncertainty is here derived based on Bayesian analysis. The result is mathematically simple, easily interpretable, applicable both in the theoretical framework of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (propagation of standard uncertainties) and in that of the Supplement 1 of the Guide (propagation of distributions), valid for any size greater than or equal to 1 of the sample of present observations. The evaluation consistently addresses prior information in the form of the sample variance of a series of recorded experimental observations and in the form of an educated guess based on expert’s experience. It turns out that distinction between type A and type B evaluation is, in this context, contrived.