Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Synthesis Temperature on the Growth and Surface Morphology of Co3O4 Nanocubes for Supercapacitor Applications

A facile hydrothermal route to control the crystal growth on the synthesis of Co3O4 nanostructures with cube-like morphologies has been reported and tested its suitability for supercapacitor applications. The chemical composition and morphologies of the as-prepared Co3O4 nanoparticles were extensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Varying the temperature caused considerable changes in the morphology, the electrochemical performance increased with rising temperature, and the redox reactions become more reversible. The results showed that the Co3O4 synthesized at a higher temperature (180 °C) demonstrated a high specific capacitance of 833 F/g. This is attributed to the optimal temperature and the controlled growth of nanocubes.
A Simple Extraction Method of Thermal Resistance in Multifinger GaAs HBT

A novel extraction method to estimate the thermal resistance (Rth) of a multifinger GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) device is presented based on the simplified Fourier's law. By calculating the thermal coupling resistance between the fingers on top of the self-heating thermal resistance, the values of Rth of multifinger devices for various dimensions are accurately calculated while maintaining the simplicity of calculation. To verify the idea, the proposed method is compared with the measurement-based method as well as the analytic methods, such as the finite-element method and the solution of 3-D Laplace's equation. For four-finger HBT devices, the extracted Rth results showed good agreements with the analytic methods within an error of 9% and the measurement-based results with a deviation of 7.4%, thus convincing the usefulness of the proposed method.
Integration and Clinical Demonstration of Active Ingredients of Short-Term Psychodynamic Therapy for Depression

Psychodynamic therapy for depression has received considerable empirical support in recent years, and can presently be designated as efficacious (Leichsenring, Leweke, Klein, & Steinert, 2015). Although psychodynamic theory and therapy are widely used in clinical practice, empirically supported protocols of psychodynamic therapy are still not prevalent in everyday clinical work. Until recently, no systematic attempt has been made to integrate the central elements of different dynamic manuals with central dynamic theories and research. In this article we integrate the active ingredients of different psychodynamic therapies, combining central principles of such theories as that of Kohut with manualized treatments, such as the Supportive-Expressive Treatment, Brief Relational Therapy, Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy, and Dynamic Supportive Psychotherapy. Two evidence-supported concepts were used to integrate various active ingredients from psychodynamic treatment: Therapeutic alliance and the Core Conflictual Relational Themes (CCRT) method. Three clinical case studies demonstrate the most important active elements of this integrative psychodynamic therapy. Integración y Demostración Clínica de los Ingredientes Activos de la Terapia Psicodinámica a Corto Plazo para la Depresión La terapia psicodinámica para la depresión ha recibido mucho apoyo científico en los últimos años, y hoy en día puede designarse como efectiva (Leichsenring, Leweke, Klein, & Steinert, 2015). A pesar de que la teoría psicodinámica y la terapia son extensamente usadas clínicamente, los protocolos empíricos de la terapia psicodinámica siguen sin ser predominantes en el trabajo clínico cotidiano. Hasta los últimos años, no han habido intentos sistemáticos para integrar los elementos centrales de los diferentes manuales dinámicos con teorías dinámicas centrales e investigación. En este artículo, integramos los ingredientes activos de las diferentes teorías psicodinámicas, combinando principios centrales a las teorías como Kohut con los tratamientos de manualizados, tal como Terapia de Soporte Expresivo, Terapia Breve Relacional, Terapia dinámica interpersonal y Psicoterapia Dinámica de Apoyo. Dos conceptos basados en la evidencia fueron usados para integrar varios ingredientes activos del tratamiento psicodinámico: la alianza terapéutica y el método del Tema Central de Conflicto Relacional. Tres casos clínicos demostraron los elementos activos más importantes en esta terapia psicodinámica integrada.
Seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies: Cairns revisited

In his seminal paper about using seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies, Cairns (1987, Biol Oceanogr 5:261-271) predicted that (1) parameters of seabird biology and behavior would vary in curvilinear fashion with changes in food supply, (2) the threshold of prey density over which birds responded would be different for each parameter, and (3) different seabird species would respond differently to variation in food availability depending on foraging behavior and ability to adjust time budgets. We tested these predictions using data collected at colonies of common murre Uria aalge and black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla in Cook Inlet, Alaska. (1) Of 22 seabird responses fitted with linear and non-linear functions, 16 responses exhibited significant curvilinear shapes, and Akaike's information criterion (AIC) analysis indicated that curvilinear functions pro- vided the best-fitting model for 12 of those. (2) However, there were few differences among para- meters in their threshold to prey density, presumably because most responses ultimately depend upon a single threshold for prey acquisition at sea. (3) There were similarities and some differences in how species responded to variability in prey density. Both murres and kittiwakes minimized vari- ability (CV < 15%) in their own body condition and growth of chicks in the face of high annual vari- ability (CV = 69%) in local prey density. Whereas kittiwake breeding success (CV = 63%, r 2 = 0.89) reflected prey variability, murre breeding success did not (CV = 29%, r 2 < 0.00). It appears that mur- res were able to buffer breeding success by reallocating discretionary 'loafing' time to foraging effort in response (r 2 = 0.64) to declining prey density. Kittiwakes had little or no discretionary time, so fledging success was a more direct function of local prey density. Implications of these results for using 'seabirds as indicators' are discussed.
Egg Injection of Ascorbic Acid Stimulates Leucocytosis and Cell Proliferation in the Bursa of Fabricius

Broiler chicks with high immune defense potential at hatching are of great value to the poultry industry. Heat stress can have immunosuppressive or immune stimulatory effect and Ascorbic Acid (AA) acts as anti-stressor and has important physiological functions in bird immune system development. This study aimed to assess the effect of intra egg injection of AA before incubation on development of the bursa of Fabricius and leukocyte parameters in chicks from eggs incubated at thermoneutral and hot temperatures. Fertile eggs from broiler breeder chickens were used in a 5 x 2 factorial design with 5 treatments (non- injected and thus non-perforated and injected with 0, 2, 4 and 6% AA in 100 µL of water) and 2 incubation temperatures (thermoneutral: 37.5°C and hot: 39.0°C). The total leukocyte count; percentages of thrombocytes, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes and heterophils; weight; and bursal index remained unaffected by incubation temperature and AA dose. Bursal follicle area decreased in chicks from non-injected eggs when incubated at hot temperatures. With intra egg injection of 4 and 6% AA, bursal follicle size increased in eggs incubated at thermoneutral temperature and decreased at hot temperature compared to no AA injection. Cell proliferation in follicles increased by injecting 2% AA, whereas the percentage of lymphocytes increased by injecting 4 and 6% AA. The data show that AA acts as a dose- and temperature- dependent immunomodulator and that 4 and 6% AA doses stimulate egg bursal development and lymphocytosis. These findings suggest that intra egg injection of AA produces chicks with higher potential for immune defense against challenges in the field.
EyeArt + EyePACS: Automated Retinal Image Analysis For Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in a Telemedicine System

Telemedicine frameworks are key to screening the large, ever- growing diabetic population for preventable blindness due to diabetic retinopathy (DR). Integrating fully-automated screening systems in tele- medicine frameworks will make DR screening more ecient, cost-eective, reproducible, and accessible. In this paper, we present the integration of EyeArt, an automated DR screening system, into EyePACS, a telemedicine system for DR screening used in diverse screening settings. EyeArt in- corporates novel image processing and analysis algorithms for assessing image gradability; enhancing images based on median filtering; detecting interest regions and localizing lesions based on multi-scale morphological analysis; and DR screening and thus achieves robustness to the large im- age variability seen in a telemedicine system such as EyePACS. EyeArt is implemented as a scalable, high-throughput cloud-based system to en- able large-scale DR screening. We evaluate the safety and performance of EyeArt on a dataset with 434,023 images from 54,324 patient cases obtained from EyePACS. On this dataset, EyeArt's screening sensitivity is 90% at specificity 60.8% and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) is 0.883. In a setup where trained hu- man graders review patient cases recommended for referral by EyeArt with low confidence, a workload reduction of 62% is possible. Therefore, EyeArt can be safely integrated into large real world telemedicine DR screening programs such as EyePACS helping reduce workload and in- crease eciency and thus help in reducing vision loss due to DR through early detection and treatment.
Simplifying the phytohaemagglutinin skin‐testing technique in studies of avian immunocompetence

1. Researchers involved in ecology and toxicology, as well as many other aspects of avian biology, use phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) skin testing as a means of evaluating the immune status of individuals. 2. Immune function, one measure of individual quality, can be used as a sensitive, non-lethal variable that may be negatively affected in animals exposed to degraded, contaminated or otherwise disturbed ecological zones. 3. Typically this test has been applied by challenging one wing web with the immunostimulant PHA, while the other ‘control’ wing is injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Injection sites on the wing web are measured before and 24 h after injection with PHA or PBS. The immune response is considered to be the difference between the two wings. 4. Results from PHA skin tests conducted on 608 birds in seven studies representing passerines, waterfowl, upland game birds and raptors are examined. 5. Numerous advantages to eliminating the PBS injection as the experimental control are: (i) decrease by half, the time required for testing; (ii) decrease handling-related stress on the birds (proportional to handling time); (iii) reduce the probability of errors at injection time; (iv) spare the other wing for different tests or uses (e.g. tuberculin DTH testing); and (v) decrease the coefficient of variation that is due to measurement inaccuracies. 6. The only disadvantage identified is that hypersensitive individuals (outliers) could be missed, which in this case represents 2 of 608 individuals.
The LENA TM Language Environment Analysis System: The Interpreted Time Segments (ITS) File

The LENA Digital Language processor (DLp) records real-time audio data that is transferred to a computer for processing by LENA language environment software V3.1. 0. Ultimately an interpreted Time Segments (iTS) file is created that summarizes the processing results for the data contained within the original audio file. LENA Foundation data analyses have focused primarily on estimating Adult Word Counts (AWC), Child Vocalizations (CV), and Conversational Turns (CT) between adult and key child. however, the data processing reveals numerous other factors that have not yet been studied by researchers at the LENA Foundation. in this paper, we reveal the general content of the iTS file. We also provide a detailed description of each component specific to the iTS file and implications with regard to potential research and analyses.
Microsatellite DNA markers applied to the classification of the Podenco Valenciano canine breed

Abstract Traditional morphology studies form the basis for the classification of canine breeds as established by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI). The FCI recommendations for the acceptance of a new breed include both the differentiation and the identification of close phylogenetic relationships with the previously accepted breeds. These requirements can be met in an affordable way by using the information provided by routine genetic identification procedures. In this report, a set of 21 microsatellite molecular markers is applied to the study of three non-achondroplasic Spanish ‘Podenco’ breeds, currently included in FCI’s group five (section 7). For this purpose, factorial correspondence analysis (FCA), genetic distances and Bayesian population structure are applied to the multilocus genotypes obtained from a sample of ‘Podenco’ individuals of the different breeds, while German Shepherd Dogs are used as the outgroup. Molecular analysis confirms the existing classification and supports the inclusion of ‘Podenco Valenciano’ as a new breed in the same FCI group and section. Therefore, the FCI requirements for its acceptance are met in a cost efficient way. A similar approach is suitable for other canine populations, supplementing the traditional morphological criteria.
Circulating neuroendocrine tumors biomarkers. Why? When? How? Suggestions for clinical practice from guidelines and consensus

Circulating neuroendocrine tumors biomarkers. Why? When? How? Suggestions for clinical practice from guidelines and consensus Paola Razzore1, Giorgio Arnaldi2 1SC Endocrinologia, AO Ordine Mauriziano, 10128 Turin, Italy. 2Clinica di Endocrinologia e Malattie del Metabolismo, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, 60100 Ancona, Italy. Corresponding Author: Dr. Paola Razzore, SC Endocrinologia, AO Ordine Mauriziano, Largo Turati 62, 10128 Torino, Italy. E-mail: razzorepaola@hotmail.com Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NETs) are rare tumors that are increasing in incidence. NETs are characterized by heterogeneous biological behaviour, clinical presentation and course. A sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic circulating biomarker useful for all sites, grading and staging of neuroendocrine tumors is still an unmet need. The aim of this article was to review current neuroendocrine and oncologic scientific society guidelines and position statements, and propose recommendations for the most frequent clinical practice queries on circulating neuroendocrine tumors biomarkers. The authors searched for NCCN, NANETS, ESMO, ENETS, UKINETS, AME management guidelines or position statements available from PubMed up to 7th January 2016. From these results we chose guidelines or position statements published by scientific societies or institutions in USA, Europe and Italy with recognized expertise in neuroendocrine tumor patient management. The authors present suggestions for clinical practice based on this analysis.
Hypercompetitiveness and Relationships: Further Implications for Romantic, Family, and Peer Relationships

Romantic relationships of hypercompetitive individuals are much more problematic with greater conflict compared to those not so hypercompetitive; however, relationship satisfaction and commitment do not covary with hypercompetitiveness (Ryckman et al., 2002). Study 1 considered whether the type of commitment matters in a romantic relationship. Indeed, hypercompetitiveness was associated positively with constraint commitment (i.e., maintaining a relationship out of concern for one’s investment and other social-psychological costs associated with leaving), and was associated negatively with personal dedication commitment (i.e., interest in the relationship based on concerns for mutual benefit). Not only may the romantic relationships of hypercompetitive individuals be more problematic, other interpersonal relationships may be negatively impacted as well. Study 2 noted that hypercompetitiveness was associated positively with relationship problems involving both family members and peers; however, relationship closeness with family and friends did not vary with hypercompetitiveness. Implications of findings in both studies are considered.
Mutations in PIK 3 R 1 Cause SHORT Syndrome

David A. Dyment,1,* Amanda C. Smith,2 Diana Alcantara,3 Jeremy A. Schwartzentruber,4 Lina Basel-Vanagaite,5 Cynthia J. Curry,6,7 I. Karen Temple,8,9 William Reardon,10 Sahar Mansour,11 Mushfequr R. Haq,12 Rodney Gilbert,12 Ordan J. Lehmann,13 Megan R. Vanstone,2 Chandree L. Beaulieu,2 FORGE Canada Consortium,16 Jacek Majewski,4 Dennis E. Bulman,2 Mark O’Driscoll,3 Kym M. Boycott,1,2 and A. Micheil Innes14,15,*
Topics in Designing Low Thermal Expansion Lattices at the Microscale

Topics in Designing Low Thermal Expansion Lattices at the Microscale John Chu Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of Aerospace Science and Engineering University of Toronto 2011 Microscale bi-material lattices with near zero thermal expansion are designed to create a thermally stable optical surface for applications in a space telescope. To facilitate the design, the thermal expansion of a unit cell with spacers is derived analytically and validated via finite element studies. Predicting the lattice behaviour also requires knowledge of the constituent properties. To this end, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to determine the thermal expansion and recrystallization behaviour of aluminum and titanium thin films, and nanoindentation experiments are conducted to extract their elastic-plastic properties. Unit cell configurations giving near zero thermal expansion are obtained through iterative analysis. The resulting designs are analyzed and validated via finite element simulations and shown to exhibit long term stability.
Vocal kin recognition in kin neighborhoods of western bluebirds

In most cooperatively breeding birds, individuals direct helping behavior to close relatives. Western bluebirds live in family groups in winter and show a high degree of male philopatry. Sons disperse locally forming kin neighborhoods and occasionally help at their parents’ or brothers’ nests. Although the pattern of kin-directed helping is well established in birds, the mechanism of recognition is known in only a few cases. Here, we report on an experiment with western bluebirds (Sialia mexicana) that investigates the role of vocalizations in kin recognition, a species that even when breeding on its own often maintains lifelong connections with kin. We presented western bluebirds with songs recorded from equidistant kin and nonkin living on other territories, conducting playback near their nests on 2 consecutive days. We found that male western bluebirds responded more aggressively to playback of nonkin song compared with kin song. These results suggest that vocal signatures serve as a kin recognition cue in western bluebirds. We discuss these results within the context of other systems in which vocal kin recognition has been demonstrated and discuss the potential for further research to examine signal development and to distinguish kin signatures from individual signatures, which can also be used to recognize kin.
Deciphering the Noise: The Welfare Costs of Noisy Behavior

Theoretical work on stochastic choice mainly focuses on the sources of choice randomness, and less on its economic consequences. We attempt to close this gap by developing a method of extracting information about the monetary costs of noise from structural estimates of preferences and choice randomness. Our method is based on allowing a degree of noise in choices in order to rationalize them by a given structural model. To illustrate the approach, we consider risky binary choices made by a sample of the general Danish population in an artefactual field experiment. The estimated welfare costs are small in terms of everyday economic activity, but they are considerable in terms of the actual stakes of the choice environment. Higher welfare costs are associated with higher age, lower education, and certain employment status.
Automatic Tonic Identification in Indian Art Music: Approaches and Evaluation

Abstract The tonic is a fundamental concept in Indian art music. It is the base pitch, which an artist chooses in order to construct the melodies during a rāg(a) rendition, and all accompanying instruments are tuned using the tonic pitch. Consequently, tonic identification is a fundamental task for most computational analyses of Indian art music, such as intonation analysis, melodic motif analysis and rāg recognition. In this paper we review existing approaches for tonic identification in Indian art music and evaluate them on six diverse datasets for a thorough comparison and analysis. We study the performance of each method in different contexts such as the presence/absence of additional metadata, the quality of audio data, the duration of audio data, music tradition (Hindustani/Carnatic) and the gender of the singer (male/female). We show that the approaches that combine multi-pitch analysis with machine learning provide the best performance in most cases (90% identification accuracy on average), and are robust across the aforementioned contexts compared to the approaches based on expert knowledge. In addition, we also show that the performance of the latter can be improved when additional metadata is available to further constrain the problem. Finally, we present a detailed error analysis of each method, providing further insights into the advantages and limitations of the methods.
Timing and determination of potential fecundity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Studies using annual averages of lipid storage or estimated quality of the feeding season have shown that energy reserves influence egg production in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). However, vitellogenesis starts months before spawning. Therefore, energy reserves near the start of vitellogenesis might provide better proxies of fecundity and hence egg production than yearly averages. If so, proxies with large temporal variations (e.g., weight and lipid energy) should vary similarly in their predictive power, and females with different spawning periods should have their fecundity determined at different times. We exposed cod to two photoperiods to induce different spawning seasons. Growth before spawning was monitored, and potential fecundity was measured at the onset of spawning. The date yielding the greatest explanatory power differed between photoperiods. As proxies, length varied less and had lower explanatory power than weight. Lipid energy at the onset of spawning was a poor proxy. The greatest explanat.
Asset Prices, Output and Monetary Policy in a Small Open Economy

We formulate a macro-model of a small open economy in order to investigate the relative performance of rules that respond to asset prices and those that do not. Our model consists of three asset prices: the stock price, the long-term interest rate and the exchange rate. These asset prices interact with nominal wage and price Phillips curves, a law of motion for the labour share, a dynamic IS curve that describes output adjustment and a Taylor-type interest rate policy rule. Estimations of the model show that policy rules that respond to asset price movements dominate rules that do not.