Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate change and biodiversity loss: marine phytoplankton community tolerance to temperature and salinity stress

Ocean global change is predicted to have strong impacts on biological communities including microorganisms. We used mesocosms to investigate the response of natural Baltic Sea diatom-dominated phytoplankton assemblages (control and heated by 6 C) to changing salinity (-5 psu, control, +5psu). The species Skeletonema dohrnii, Thalassiosira anguste-lineata, Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii, Chaetoceros socialis and Ditylum brightwellii were the major components of the assemblages (>80% of the total biomass). We examined the effect on species composition and biodiversity (morphospecies and OTUs related to phytoplankton) and on phytoplankton biomass. In addition, we explored the individual response of five dominant diatom species on these environmental perturbations. Our results showed that increased salinity had negative impacts (lower species richness and biomass) both on the control and the less diverse heated community. On the other hand, decreased salinity positively affected the phytoplankton communities as manifested by the higher species richness and higher biomass. The five dominant diatoms reached their highest biomass under decreased salinity and responded negatively to increased salinity (lower biomass than ambient salinity). Most notably, the very high proliferation of Skeletonema dohrnii (>90% contribution in total biomass) under the low salt conditions poses a risk for future implications in the Baltic Sea food web due to mucilage aggregation. Overall, the response of the whole phytoplankton community as well as the individual response of the dominant diatom species did not indicate an interactive effect of the two tested global stressors on the natural Baltic phytoplankton community. Natassa Stefanidou, Savvas Genitsaris, Juan Lopez-Bautisa, Ulrich Sommer, Maria Moustaka-Gouni • Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece • School of Economics, Business Administration and Legal Studies, International Hellenic University, Thermi, Greece • Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States • Geomar Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Investigation on the skidding dynamic response of rolling bearing with local defect under elastohydrodynamic lubrication

The rolling element skidding may lead to the failure of the rolling bearing. The skidding characteristics can be effectively analyzed by using dynamic response of the rolling bearing. A dynamic model is established to investigate the vibration response of the rolling bearing with local defect on inner/outer race in this paper. In the proposed model, the rolling element skidding, contact stiffness and displacement, the interaction force between ball and race, the interaction force between cage and race, elastohydrodynamic lubrication are taken into consideration. The dynamic responses of the rolling bearing with the rolling element skidding are solved by the proposed model in the time and frequency domains. The effects of defect size, rotational speed, external load, and compound factors on skidding characteristics are investigated. The proposed model is verified by the experiments. The results show that the rolling element skidding leads to the significant difference of dynamic characteristics in the time and frequency domains, which aggravates the failure of the rolling bearings.
Culture of Soft Shell Mangrove Crab, Scylla Spp. Production in the Southwest Region of Bangladesh

The experiment was conducted for a rearing for a period of 150 days from mid-September to mid-February 2017 in three earthen ponds with an installing of 9880 cages per hectare with an average depth of 1.0 meter. The experiment was designed at the ponds of Kaligonj Chingri Farm as a treatment T1, Allarchar chingri farm as a treatment T2 and Shamnagar private crab farm as a treatment T3. Before stocking crabs were categorized at five size groups. At stocking, all crabs were with an initial mean carapace width and weight of individual was recorded in three treatments. The average final weight of crab was recorded to be 180.56±4.08, 175.80±7.11 and 178.62±6.42 g in treatment T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The increase in weight of mud crab was the highest in T1 followed by T3 and T2. About five group of different crab weight was stocked in the cages of three treatments. Best SGR (1.67±0.01) and FCR (2.00±0.08) were recorded in treatment T1. The highest survival rate was also observed in T1 and the lowest survival rate was in T2. There was a significant variation (P<0.05) in the survival rate of crabs among three treatments. The net production of crab was at 5082.51, 4689.63 and 4923.48 kg/ha in treatment T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Highest production of soft shell crab was recorded in treatment T1. But no significant (P<0.05) different was recorded in treatment T1 and T3. But a significant (P>0.05) different was found between treatment T2 and treatment T1 and T3. Majority of the crabs about 60-70% molted during night than day time. As the crabs were increased in size, molt duration became longer from 17.0 to 26 days. Overall, highest growth, survival, production and net benefit of soft shell crab recorded at treatment T1. Therefore, treatment T1 and treatment T3 appeared to be most suitable for soft shell crab culture for availability of saline water and trash fish in this area.
Pragmatic functions of political humor used by Egyptian Facebook users

IV TRANSLITERATION PHONETICS ALPAPET . VIII LIST OF FIGUTRES . IX CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1. Theoretical background of studies on humor and pragmatics: . 4 1.2. Importance of the study and Statement of the problem . 6 1.3. Research questions . 8 1.4. Operational definition . 8 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 12 2.1. Humor . 12 2.2. Political humor . 14 2.3. Political humor in Egypt . 16 2.4. Political humor on Social Network Sites (SNSs) . 17 2.5. Speech Act Theory . 20 2.5. 1. Indirect speech acts . 23 2.5. 2. Speech act of humor . 24 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY . 27 3.1. Research design . 27 3.2. Selection criteria . 28 3.3. Data collection procedures . 29 3.4. Data Analysis techniques . 30
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF SEROTONIN (5HT)-CONTAINING CELLS IN THE HUMAN AND RAT INTESTINES

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, SHT)-containing cells were successfully demonstrated by the indirect immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence methods in both frozen and formalin-ﬁxed paraffin sections of the human and rat intestines. Immunohistochemically, the SHT-positive cells were distributed at the base of the crypts and intestinal villi with a long cytoplasmic process toward the luminal surface. Cells observed to ﬁuoresce in the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF) method showed intense immunoreactivity to SHT when treated successively by the indirect immunoperoxidase method. The applicability and advantages of the immunohistochemical demonstration of SHT in the gut endocrine cells are discussed. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, SHT) is one of the biogenic amines distributed throughout the body and is synthesized from tryptophan by 5-hydroxylation followed by decarboxylation (22). The biological actions of SHT are currently investigated the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous
Análisis de ordenamiento de la movilidad en el bulevar gastronómico de Milán, Manizales (Colombia)

espanolSe determina el impacto en el tiempo de viaje generado por el redireccionamiento vial propuesto en el sector gastronomico de Manizales, en Colombia. El estudio tiene como objetivo ayudar a solucionar o mejorar las problematicas en movilidad existentes, tratando de eliminar la congestion vehicular generada por la baja oferta de parqueo y la alta demanda de usuarios. Estos factores dificultan el transito normal de los vehiculos y peatones. El estudio se basa en el uso de la accesibilidad media global y accesibilidad integral, como elementos de calculo y metodologia de estimacion del impacto generado por la intervencion. Como resultado se obtiene que el 100% de la poblacion podria acceder a la zona gastronomica en un tiempo de viaje inferior a los 45 minutos. EnglishThe impact on travel time generated by redirection of roads in the gastronomy sector of Manizales, Colombia is analyzed. The objective of the study is to help in solving or contributing to a solution of the problems of mobility, trying of eliminating traffic congestion, low parking offer and the high demand of users. These factors make it difficult the normal transit of vehicles and pedestrians. The study is based on the use of global average accessibility and integral accessibility, as elements of calculation and the methodology of estimating the impact generated by intervention. As a result, 100% of population could reach the gastronomy sector in a travel time of less than 45 minutes.
A Framework for Software Defect Prediction Using Feature Selection and Ensemble Learning Techniques

— Testing is one of the crucial activities of software development life cycle which ensures the delivery of high quality product. As software testing consumes significant amount of resources so, if, instead of all software modules, only those are thoroughly tested which are likely to be defective then a high quality software can be delivered at lower cost. Software defect prediction, which has now become an essential part of software testing, can achieve this goal. This research presents a framework for software defect prediction by using feature selection and ensemble learning techniques. The framework consists of four stages: 1) Dataset Selection, 2) Pre Processing, 3) Classification, and 4) Reflection of Results. The framework is implemented on six publically available Cleaned NASA MDP datasets and performance is reflected by using various measures including: F-measure, Accuracy, MCC and ROC. First the performance of all search methods within the framework on each dataset is compared with each other and the method with highest score in each performance measure is identified. Secondly, the results of proposed framework with all search methods are compared with the results of 10 well-known supervised classification techniques. The results reflect that the proposed framework outperformed all of other classification techniques.
An Examination of the “Freshman-15” in Germany: Predictors of Weight Change in Female University Students

The “Freshman-15” refers to an expected average weight gain of 15 pounds during the first year at college in US students. Although an overall weight gain during this period can be observed, most studies found that students gain less than 15 pounds on average. Studies in countries other than the US, however, are scarce. In the current study, 120 female freshmen at a German university were tested at the start of the first semester and again at the start of the second semester (after approximately 6 months). Body mass index (BMI) did not differ between measurements, but participants had 0.2% more body fat at the second measurement. Participants with higher BMI at the first measurement lost weight and participants with higher weight suppression (i.e., the difference between an individual’s highest previous weight and current weight) at the first measurement gained weight. Participants who reported to exercise regularly at the first measurement gained weight, but this effect was driven by those who reduced their amount of physical exercise during the first semester. Dietary habits and eating styles at the first measurement were not associated with weight change. To conclude, no evidence was found for an overall weight gain during the first semester in female, German students. Furthermore, weight change was exclusively predicted by BMI, weight suppression, and regular exercise, while eating behaviors were unrelated to weight change. Thus, it appears that variables influencing energy expenditure are more robust predictors of future weight gain than variables influencing energy intake in female freshmen.
Bearing Witness: Teacher Perspectives on Developing Empathy through Holocaust Survivor Testimony

Abstract This qualitative interview study explores the perceptions five USC Shoah Foundation Master Teachers who integrate Holocaust survivor and witness testimony via IWitness, a web resource from the USC Shoah Foundation, on students’ development of empathy. Findings of this study suggest that the personalized nature of engaging with testimony in IWitness promotes student development of empathy and historical understanding. Specifically, teachers’ perception suggests that testimony humanizes the content of the Holocaust and students develop emotional connections with the survivors. These connections suggest deeper understanding of the content and students’ sense of empathy was evident in subsequent activities, both within the class and beyond.
Food image segmentation using edge adaptive based deep-CNNs

Purpose Indian food recognition can be considered as a case of fine-grained type visual recognition, where the several photos of same category generally have significant variability. Therefore, effective segmentation and classification technique is required to identify the particular cuisines and fine-grained analysis. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors provided an effective segmentation approach through the proposed edge adaptive (EA)-deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) model, where each input images are divided into patches in order to provide much efficient and accurate structural description of data. Findings EA-DCNNs starts with developing a coarse map of feature that obtained through DCNN, afterwards EA model is applied to construct the final segmented image. Originality/value The training model of EA-DCNN consists of pooling, rectified linear unit and convolution, which help convolutional network to optimize the performance of segmentation in a significant extent, which is much practical and relevant in the context of food image segmentation.
Ultrasound Augmented Laparoscopy

Laparoscopic surgery is perhaps the most common minimally invasive procedure for many diseases in the abdomen and thorax. Since the laparoscopic camera provides only the surface view of the internal organs, in many procedures, surgeons use laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) to visualize deep-seated surgical targets. Conventionally, the 2D LUS image is visualized in a display spatially separate from that which displays the laparoscopic video. Therefore, reasoning about the geometry of hidden targets requires mentally solving the spatial alignment and resolving the modality differences, which are cognitively very challenging. Moreover, the mental representation of hidden targets in space acquired through such cognitive mediation may be error prone, and cause incorrect actions to be performed. To remedy this, advanced visualization strategies are required where the US information is visualized in the context of the laparoscopic video. To realize such visualization schemes, efficient computational methods are required (i) to accurately align the US image coordinate system with that centred in the camera, (ii) to accurately represent 3D information of hidden targets from a series of 2D US images, and (iii) to blend the US information with the surface image provided by the camera such that the surgeons perceive the geometry of hidden targets accurately. In this thesis, a complete pipeline is described to visualize hidden targets, imaged by a LUS probe, in 3D in the context of the laparoscopic video. A novel method to register US images with a coordinate system centred in the camera is detailed with an experimental investigation into accuracy bounds in representing an imaged target in this coordinate system. This method eliminates the requirement for extrinsic tracking devices in the operating room (OR), significantly reducing both the financial and logistical overhead. An improved method to blend US information with the surface view provided by the camera is also presented with an experimental investigation into the accuracy of perception of the target locations in space. The work presented here, together with concurrent development in related fields, will enable image-guidance in laparoscopic soft-tissue surgery. The suggested improvements will
Fog‐cloud distributed intrusion detection and cooperation

Cloud computing is becoming a promoted technology. Over the recent years, it has rapidly grown and its adoption is more and more increasing. Many enterprizes and organizations have immigrated their data to the cloud. However, the security of this technology is considered a serious barrier to guarantee the organizations' trust on it. Therefore, intrusion detection has been set as the best solution to secure the cloud platform. Thus, many research studies have been developed for the aim to create an effective and performing intrusion detection system suitable for the cloud environment. In this paper, we propose a new approach for cloud environment–based multilevel cooperation in terms of intrusion detection. It is based on the cooperation and the correlation between fog nodes at the beginning and then between fog and cloud technology. We also evaluate the performance and the efficiency of this proposed prototype in terms of detection rates and detection response to make real‐time detection in the whole cloud platform. The results show that the proposed architecture introduces low false positive rate compared to the existing hybrid intrusion detection approach in cloud computing (HIDCC) framework.
Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: Sporadic versus familial cases

The paroxysmal motor events during sleep are certainly common (1). In the last decades, the systematic use of nocturnal video-polysomnography has largely improved the diagnostic yield in patients with clusters of nocturnal motor events. Two broad nosological categories have been identified: parasomnias (sleep terror and sleep walking) and nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE). Among the latter, in particular, the frequent absence of clear-cut epileptiform abnormalities on the scalp EEG and the frequent onset of seizures during non-REM sleep, were thought to indicate that the episode were parasomnias. In fact, during the last years, with the large use of nocturnal videopolysomnography, the prevalence of NFLE seemed to be higher than previous suggested (2-10). Moreover, a form of NFLE with clear-cut autosomal dominant inheritance (Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilespy ADNFLE, often misdiagnosed as sleep disorder) has been recently delineated (11-14). The aims of the present study were to identify, on the basis of a full-night video-polysomnography, the differential features, if any, between parasomnia and NFLE and between familial and sporadic form of NFLE.
Effect of Modified Global Risk Classification on Prognosis at Patients Undergoing Bypass Surgery and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Multi-vessel Disease

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare mortality and myocardial infarction in patients with multi-vessel disease using “Modified Global Risk Classification” (mGRC). Methods: We divided 579 patients into low, intermediate risk with a high EuroSCORE (IE), intermediate risk with a high SYNTAX score (IS), and high Modified Global Risk groups. Patients were evaluated for death, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular events, need for re intervention, and a primary endpoint, which denotes the occurrence of any one of the four events. Results: Comparing the bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention groups using mGRC showed significantly better prognostic results in the bypass surgery patients for the rate of the occurrence of the myocardial infarction for the IS group (p=0.047). In terms of the primary endpoint, the EuroSCORE, SYNTAX score, and Global Risk Classification (GRC) were found to be independent risk factors in logistic regression analysis. The ability of GRC to discriminate for the 1-year mortality was found to be better than that of the EuroSCORE and SYNTAX score. Conclusion: With the evaluation of the EuroSCORE and SYNTAX score together, the modified GRC, which includes both anatomical and clinical risk factors, provides an additional benefit for predicting the prognosis and decision of treatment in patients with multi-vessel disease.
Modality effects in the cultural evolution of language: An experimental iterated learning approach

Cultural evolution has been proposed as the mechanism by which human languages’ distinct features emerge. One of such features is structure, which is regarded as an optimal solution to the competing pressures for simplicity and expressivity in language learning and use. A recent experimental iterated learning study (Kirby et al., 2015) shows that structure can emerge from an unstructured language under these competing pressures, by implementing both a learning and a communication task in a transmission chain setup. However, as most iterated learning experiments, it was run on a written modality, which might be problematic if the aim is to drive conclusions about language in general—writing is not language’s default modality and was not present in early stages of language evolution. The present study carried out a partial replication of the aforementioned experiment, contrasting a written condition (analogous to the original) with a spoken condition, in order to test for possible modality effects. Results for the written condition did not replicate those in Kirby et al. (2015) in any of the measures, suggesting that motivational factors could have played a crucial role in the previous findings. This hinders the interpretations of modality effects and suggests the need of further work.
Regular Price Stickiness in German Food Retailing

Abstract The present study investigates the underlying factors of price stickiness in German food retailing using fluid milk as a case study. We distinguish the duration between two actual price changes and two regular price changes as measures for price stickiness. Especially in the case of private labels, the choice of proxy for price rigidity has important implications. If we consider (regular) price changes, private label products are more (less) rigid than national brands. Price rigidity increases in the product’s average price. Prices of low priced private labels are rather flexible. Price adjustment of high priced private labels is similarly sluggish compared to national brands. We rationalize this finding with variable mark-ups under imperfect competition. In line with previous research, we find that price stickiness also depends on product attributes, retail formats, menu costs, psychological price points, and time-varying market conditions.