Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On some factors affecting the choice of tune in Russian wh-questions

The results of a production experiment that investigated prosodic variability in Russian information-seeking wh-questions are reported. Three wh-questions in four focus conditions, with and without initial particle а , were elicited in a reading task from 20 native speakers of Russian. The data generally corroborate prior descriptions and demonstrate that a large inventory of tunes is used by Russian speakers in wh-questions. Namely, several patterns with one or two “falling” pitch accents (downstepped and non-downstepped) can be recognized in the data, as well as one “rising” pattern containing a high edge tone. Preliminary phonological analysis is proposed for these tunes. The effects of two factors on the choice of the “nuclear pitch accent + edge tone” configuration (“falling” H*+L L-% vs. “rising” L* H-%) were tested statistically. The results demonstrate that contrastive focus condition restricts the use of the “rising” pattern while the presence of phrase-initial particle а has an opposite, but weaker effect on the choice of tune.
Interaction Between Potassium Sorbate and Aspartame in Aqueous Model Sugar Systems

The interaction between potassium sorbate and aspartame in aqueous model sugar systems of 0.97 water activity and pH 3.0 was studied. Aspartame addition showed a protective effect over sorbate destruction in an aqueous system of approximately a w 1, as well as in a system containing glucose; but, in the presence of sucrose, it enhanced degradation. In all systems studied, addition of K sorbate and depression of water activity to 0.97 in- creased aspartame destruction. The combined use of K sorbate and aspartame exhibited strong nonenzymatic browning potential. The study demonstrated that nonenzynmatic browning can limit shelf life; and it is not recom- mended to use potassium sorbate together with aspartame.
Studies on the Cultivation of Acid Fast Bacilli by Pour-Plate Method.

It is surely of importance to estimate the numbers of living bacilli in a suspension of tubercle bacilli. Neverthless, the accurate calculation method of living tubercle bacilli has not been developed, since there are much difficulties in culculating tubercle bacilli by pour-plate method, which is employed widely for culculation of the numbers of ordinary living bacilli. As is known, it is very difficult to let tubercle bacilli grow in the depth of solid media, and evaporation of solid medium poured in Petri dish is inevitable for a long period cultivation of tubercle bacilli.The purpose of the present report is to dissolve the difficulties above mentioned, by using the Kirchner agar medium containing some growth promoting substances for tubercle bacilli, and by employing scotch cellulose tape for prevention of drying up of the solid media.
Significance of Tumor﻿-Infiltrating Immune Cells in the Prognosis of Colon Cancer

Objective Increasing evidence has indicated an association between immune infiltration in colon cancer and clinical outcomes. The aim of this research is to comprehensively investigate the effect of 22 tumor﻿-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) on the prognosis of colon cancer patients. Methods In our research, CIBERSORT algorithm was used to calculate the proportion of 22 TIICs in 369 colon cancer cases and 39 normal cases from the TCGA cohort. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of 22 TIICs on the prognosis of colon cancer. Immune risk scoring model was constructed based on the statistical correlation between TIICs subpopulation and survival. Meanwhile, multivariate ﻿Cox regression analysis was utilized to investigate whether the immune risk score model was an independent factor for predicting the prognosis of colon cancer. Nomogram was constructed to comprehensively predict the survival rate of colon cancer. P< 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The results of the difference analysis showed that except for 12 TIICs, the remaining immune cells exhibited no differential infiltration between normal and colon cancer tissues (p<0. 05). Univariate ﻿Cox regression analysis revealed 5 immune cells statistically correlated with colon cancer﻿-related survival risk, including B cells naive, B cells memory, ﻿monocytes, ﻿macrophages M0, ﻿macrophages M1 (P<0.05). In addition, a four-cell based immune risk scoring model was constructed through LASSO Cox regression analysis. KM curve indicated that patients in highrisk were associated with poor outcomes (p<0.001). ROC curve indicated that the immune risk score model was reliable in predicting survival risk (AUC=0.848). Our model showed satisfying AUC and survival correlation in the validation dataset (3-year over survival (OS) AUC=0.941, 5-year OS AUC=0.865, P=0.022). Furthermore, multivariate ﻿Cox regression analysis confirmed that the immune risk score model was an independent factor for predicting the prognosis of colon cancer (hazard ratio (HR) =5.017, 95% confidence interval (CI) =2.336–10.777; P<0.001). Ultimately, a nomogram was established to comprehensively predict the survival of colon cancer patients with the results of multivariate ﻿Cox regression analysis. Conclusion Collectively, tumor﻿-infiltrating immune cells played an essential role in the prognosis of colon cancer. Furthermore, immune risk score was an independent predictive factor of colon cancer, indicating a poor survival.
Islamic Financial Literacy: Evidence from Jordan

This study aims to test the extent of financial literacy in Islamic banking services in Jordan, and to test the effect of demographic variables: (gender, age, monthly income, region of residence, level of education, field of study, and occupation) on Islamic financial literacy via Ordered Logistic Regression, as well as, testing the differences in Islamic financial literacy among the averages of categories of demographic variables using non-parametric tests.In order to achieve these goals, the study designed and distributed a questionnaire to a sample of 385 individuals from Jordan. The study found that 19.5% of Jordanians have a low level of Islamic financial literacy, 45.2% and 35.3% of Jordanians have an average and high level of Islamic financial literacy, respectively.The study found a positive effect of the level of education, region of residence and the field of the study on the level of Islamic financial literacy. In which individuals with a higher educational qualification, “Humanities and Social Science” specialization, and individuals in northern and central Jordan possess a higher level of Islamic financial literacy. On the other hand, the study found a statistically significant difference between the averages of the categories: educational level, field of study, and region of residence.Therefore, the study recommended the Central Bank of Jordan and the legislators to increase the general level of financial literacy and Islamic financial literacy in particular. Through, targeting segments that showed a low level of Islamic financial literacy. These results also have important implications for policy makers and academics.
Seasonal changes of fouling-forming microalgae on lithium manganese oxide disks in seawater, East Sea, Republic of Korea

For investigation of biofouling characteristics of marine microalgae on lithium manganese oxide disk (LD), which is manufactured for recovery of mineral resources from seawater, we carried out an exposing test for LD at Okgye, East Sea, Korea. The amount and species composition of the attached microalgae on the LD surfaces were determined based on the exposing period and season. The immersion test was conducted for 7 d, 14 d and 21 d for each of the three different seasons of May, August and October. The number of microalgae attached to the LD is dependent in season and exposing duration. In May and October, the microalgae adhered approximately 4,000 cells/cm after 7 d and after 14 d, more than 2-fold were attached that exceeding 10,000 cells/cm. In spring and summer, centric diatom, Guinardia sp. and Cyclotella sp. were dominated in seawater, and they predominantly adherent in short exposure periods of within 7 d. However, dominant adherent species were succeeded to Cylindrotheca sp. , pennate diatom, as longer exposure times. The microalgae morphology, which favored attachment was also a major cause of prolonged fouling upon exposure of LD surface.
Longevity and germination of Edhazardia aedis (Microspora: Amblyosporidae) spores

Edhazardia aedis is a polymorphic microsporidium of mosquitoes that is both horizontally and vertically transmitted to its host. Because it is being developed for biological control of mosquitoes, detailed knowledge is needed regarding the longevity and germation of its fragile, mosquito‐infectious spore. Spores responsible for horizontal transmission were extracted from 7–10‐day‐old larvae (reared from infected Aedes aegypti eggs) and purified by Ludox density gradient centrifugation. Mature spores were variable in specific gravity, being found throughout the 20 and 60% zone in Ludox gradients. The optimal environment for spore germination was dilute KCl at pH 10.0–11.0; ammonia inhibited germination. Osmotic inhibition was almost complete in both sucrose and polyethylene glycol at concentrations equivalent to 40 atm. The spores retained their viability for a maximum of 21 days at 23±2°C, whereas when held at 5±2°C, their viability was completely lost within two days post‐harvest. Potential for germinati.
Bank Telemarketing Forecasting Model Based on t-SNE-SVM

As a low-cost marketing model, telemarketing has always been the most important channel for banks to promote wealth management products. Traditional telemarketing has not only brought intrusiveness to many telephone access customers, but also a waste of resources for the bank itself. In order to improve the success rate of bank telemarketing, it is necessary to predict in advance which customers are most likely to purchase the wealth management product, so as to achieve precision marketing. Aiming at the complex high-dimensional nonlinear characteristics of the factors affecting the success rate of telemarketing, a t-SNE (t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding) feature extraction method, and then take the extracted low-dimensional features as input, use nonlinear support vector machine (SVM) for training and prediction. The empirical results show that the bank phone based on t-SNE-SVM proposed in this paper. The marketing prediction model has good learning ability and generalization ability, which can provide certain decision-making reference for banks and other industries to achieve precision marketing.
TRIM31 enhances chemoresistance in glioblastoma through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is a complication of treatment of glioma, and new strategies are urgently required to overcome chemoresistance in glioma cells. In the present study, it was demonstrated that tripartite motif-containing 31 (TRIM31) was abnormally upregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines compared with normal samples. Furthermore, the role of TRIM31 was assessed by overexpressing and knocking down its expression. Overexpression of TRIM31 increased cell viability, increased TMZ IC50 values and inhibited apoptosis in A172 and U251 cells; whereas overexpression of TRIM31 decreased the expression of the apoptosis-associated protein p53. Knockdown of TRIM31 increased apoptosis in cells treated with TMZ. Additionally, the mechanisms by which TRIM31 affected glioma cells treated with TMZ were determined. Overexpression of TRIM31 increased phosphorylation of AKT and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway abolished the increase in cell viability and decreased phospho-Akt protein expression in TRIM31 overexpressing A172 cells treated with TMZ. Together, the findings suggest that TRIM31 may be a potentially novel target for glioma chemotherapy.
Amaranth in southernmost latitudes: plant density under irrigation in Patagonia, Argentina

Submitted on October 22 , 2019 and accepted on December 09 , 2019. 1 This work was part of the doctoral thesis of the first author. 2 Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CIT Río Negro). Viedma. Río Negro. Argentina. mzubillaga@unrn.edu. ar; drbarrio@unrn.edu. ar 3 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) 4 Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Matemática, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. rcamina@criba.edu. ar 5 Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Agronomía, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. gorioli@criba.edu. ar 6 Proyecto Patagonia Noreste, Balneario El Cóndor, Río Negro, Argentina. mauriciofailla@gmial.com * Corresponding author: mzubillaga@unrn.edu. ar Amaranth in southernmost latitudes: plant density under irrigation in Patagonia, Argentina
Marginalization of end-user stakeholder’s in public private partnership road projects in Nigeria

Abstract The operational phase of public private partnership (PPP) projects in Nigeria has consistently witnessed serious challenges. Researches by various authors suggest that the major factors militating against the successful growth and development of PPP projects in Nigeria and other developing countries of the world is the marginalization of end-user stakeholder in PPP projects. As such, this study set out to reveal factors affecting the successful management of the diverse interests of end-user stakeholders of the PPP road projects in Nigeria. Using factors from related literature, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to users of two major PPP road in operation in Nigeria: Lekki/Epe Toll and Apakun Murtala Mohammed PPP toll road. A total of 282 questionnaires were returned representing 70.5% response rate. Cronbach’s alpha test was used to check reliability levels of the questionnaire variables (i.e., Likert scale questions) while factor analysis was used to establish the underlying factors affecting the successful participation of end-users stakeholders in PPP road in Nigeria. These underlying factors were fully discussed. It was concluded that active involvement of end-users stakeholders in decision-making from inception to conclusion will solve the problem of marginalization of end-user stakeholder’s in Nigeria PPP road projects.
Nodule formation by clover-Rhizobium carrying chromosomal nod genes

Plasmid pCINod1 carrying attP of a lysogenic rhizobiophage and the nod genes was constructed. Inoculation of a conjugation mixture of Escherichia coli harbouring pCINod1 and a nodulation-defective Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii strain resulted in formation of root nodules on white clover. Rhizobium transconjugant strain CNH1 isolated from these nodules had integrated pCINod1 into its chromosome. The light and electron microscopic observation of the nodulation process revealed that the nod genes on the chromosome of strain CNH1 were completely functional.
Genetic identifiability of selected populations of Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Scombridae)—Celfish Project—Part 1

Genetic identification of food ingredients is an important method that enables the traceability and confirmation of authenticity of fish products. With regard to common cases where valuable fish species are replaced by lowvalue equivalents it is necessary to provide reliable methods which will precisely identify fish species that are valuable for economy. Such methods help to eliminate counterfeit products from the market but also provide tools that might be used by governmental units which control food safety, including custom services. Population identification by molecular methods also provides inforACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA (2014) 44 (2): 145–152 DOI: 10.3750/AIP2014.44. 2.08
Forensic Evaluation and Population data of 11 Y-STRs in Moroccan immigrants in Belgium

Aim: To establish a database of Y chromosomal haplotypes of the Moroccan immigrant population of Belgium. Methods: A sample of 109 random Moroccan male immigrants bearing different surnames and living in Belgium were typed for the 11 Y chromosome short tandem repeats DYS19, DYS385a-b, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS438, DYS439 and DYS437. Results: A total of 58 different haplotypes were observed. Among these, 44 were unique, 11 occurred twice, 2 were counted 4 times and 1 was observed in - surprisingly - 35 males. The resulting haplotype diversity was 0.8942 and the dis- crimination capacity was 0.5321. Conclusion: The most frequent haplotype is common in North Africa and the even higher frequency in this sample is sug- gestive of a founder effect of this migrant population, combined with endogamy and inbreeding.
A Survey and Tutorial on “Connection Exploding Meets Efficient Communication” in the Internet of Things

Internet-of-Things (IoT)-enabled sensors and services have increased exponentially recently. Transmitting the massive generated data and control messages becomes an overhead on the communication system infrastructure. Many architectures and paradigms have been introduced to address the connection exploding, such as cloudlets, fog, and mist computing. Besides, software-related solutions, such as mobile Internet technologies and software-defined network also take part in mitigating the communication overhead. All of those new techniques have the same purposes summarized in achieving low latency, high throughput, and less storage and computing at the cloud level in addition to other objectives discussed through this survey. We list the proposed solutions, show their advantages and schemes, highlight some of the newest IoT-enabled applications, and show how they benefit from applying the new paradigms.
Experience acquisition by Trichogramma australicum Girault (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

We investigated experience acquisition (alpha‐conditioning) by females of the parasitoid Trichogramma australicum using host eggs of the noctuid moth Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). We compared the acceptance of a host egg by females with different levels of ovipositional experience. The level of experience was designated using the standard oviposition sequence: (1) host contact (C); (2) host examination (E); (3) drilling (D); (4) full insertion (FI); and (5) oviposition (O). Each treatment consisted of a single experience level, but together these consituted a qualitative behavioural continuum of oviposition experience from naive (N) to experienced wasps. We found that host experience by adult T. australicum females can modify their behaviour. Mean duration of host finding was: N = C > E = D > FI = O. Mean duration of host examination and full insertion were: N = C > E = D = FI = O. Drilling was constant for all experience levels. Experience in drilling of the chorion during the previous host‐exposure process represents a critical experience for a female and results in efficient handling and more ready acceptance of a subsequently encountered host egg.
Characterisation of Phytophthora colocasiae isolates associated with leaf blight of taro in India

Leaf blight and corm rot caused by Phytophthora colocasiae are the most devastating diseases of taro. Fourteen P. colocasiae isolates collected from different states of India were characterised for mating type, metalaxyl fungicide sensitivity and aggressiveness on taro. These organisms were identified as P. colocasiae based on morphological characteristics, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence homology and pathogenicity to taro plants. Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) ITS regions of P. colocasiae isolates were examined, and compared with additional Phytophthora species. All isolates of P. colocasiae fell within a single cluster in phylogenetic trees, regardless of their geographic origins. These isolates were more closely related to Phytophthora capsici. All isolates except the isolate collected from Sikkim state of India (98–111) were sensitive to metalaxyl at 100 ppm and it was also scored for causing higher average foliar disease and tuber rot ratings. Isolates tested exhibited four growth patterns in cultures: cottony, rosaceous, petaloid and stellate. P.colocasiae isolates, including an IISR isolate (PC-73), with cottony growth pattern did not grow at 36°C. The mean oospore diameter of A1 mating type isolates was greater than that of A2 mating type isolates. Six of 14 isolates tested produced chlamydospores in V8-CaCO3 liquid medium.
The polarization of hair cells from the inner ear of the lesser spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula

The polarization of hair cells from the end organs of the inner ear from the lesser spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula from the order Carcharhiniforms (ground sharks) was studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), revealing arrays of hair cells with diverse orientations on each of the sensory epithelia. The greatest numbers of hair cells were found on the utricular epithelium and orientated on the horizontal plane, whilst the smallest number were found on the anterior macula neglecta and orientated on the vertical plane. Examination of the posterior macula neglecta revealed a dense profusion of c. 500 000 individual elongate structures, each resembling long microvilli, a finding not previously described in elasmobranch auditory physiology.
Analysis of DTLS Implementations Using Protocol State Fuzzing

Recent years have witnessed an increasing number of protocols relying on UDP. Compared to TCP, UDP offers performance advantages such as simplicity and lower latency. This has motivated its adoption in Voice over IP, tunneling technologies, IoT, and novel Web protocols. To protect sensitive data exchange in these scenarios, the DTLS protocol has been developed as a cryptographic variation of TLS. DTLS’s main challenge is to support the stateless and unreliable transport of UDP. This has forced protocol designers to make choices that affect the complexity of DTLS, and to incorporate features that need not be addressed in the numerous TLS analyses. We present the first comprehensive analysis of DTLS implementations using protocol state fuzzing. To that end, we extend TLS-Attacker, an open source framework for analyzing TLS implementations, with support for DTLS tailored to the stateless and unreliable nature of the underlying UDP layer. We build a framework for applying protocol state fuzzing on DTLS servers, and use it to learn state machine models for thirteen DTLS implementations. Analysis of the learned state models reveals four serious security vulnerabilities, including a full client authentication bypass in the latest JSSE version, as well as several functional bugs and non-conformance issues. It also uncovers considerable differences between the models, confirming the complexity of DTLS state machines.
Cathodic Protection of A Container Ship Using A Detailed BEM Model

In the present work, an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system for the protection against corrosion of a 399-m-length container ship throughout its service life is designed. The study is carried out with the aid of a boundary element method code, accelerated by an adaptive cross approximation scheme, utilizing a detailed large-scale model. The exact geometry of the ship, the progressive damage of the coating system, and the dynamic state during the cruise of the ship are the main parameters taken into consideration in modelling. The main objective of the design process is to minimize the electric power, delivered by the ICCP system, determining the optimal number and location of the installed inert anodes to accomplish the absolute minimum protection potential on the immersed steel surfaces of the ship and, simultaneously, avoid overprotection. Performing an extensive parametric study, a six-zone ICCP system is proposed, consisting of 10 anodes at the hull and four identical anodes at each of four thrusters.