Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of the Andean subduction zone: three-dimensional density model upgraded and compared against global-scale models

SUMMARY We present an upgraded version of a previously published 3-D density model of the Andean subduction zone between 18°S and 45°S. This model consists of 3-D bodies of constant density, which geometry is constrained by independent seismic data and is triangulated from vertical cross-sections. These bodies define the first-order morphology and internal structure of the subducted Nazca slab and South American Plate. The new version of the density model results after forward modelling the Bouguer anomaly as computed from the most recent version of the Earth Gravitational Model (EGM2008). The 3-D density model incorporates new seismic information to better constrain the geometry of the subducted slab and continental Moho (CMH) and has a trench-parallel resolution doubling the resolution of the previous model. As an example of the potential utility of our model, we compare the geometry of the subducted slab and CMH against the corresponding global models Slab1.0 and Crust2.0, respectively. This exercise demonstrates that, although global models provide a good first-order representation of the slab and upper-plate crustal geometries, they show large discrepancies (up to ±40 km) with our upgraded model for some well-constrained areas. The geometries of the slab, lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary below the continent, CMH and intracrustal density discontinuity that we present here as Supporting Information can be used to study Andean geodynamic processes from a wide range of quantitative approaches.
Superluminality phenomenon at a femtosecond laser pulse propagation in a medium containing nanorods

Abstract. We show a possibility for soliton formation and superluminality phenomenon at a femtosecond pulse propagation in a medium with noble nanorods. These effects take place if a positive phase grating is induced by laser radiation. We take into account the dependence of two- or one-photon absorption [single-photon absorption (SPA)] on the nanorod aspect ratio and time-dependent nanorod aspect ratio changing due to nanorods reshaping (or melting) because of laser energy absorption. We demonstrate that a fast light propagation mode occurs for various detuning between wave packet carrier frequency and nanorod resonance frequency, which is a key parameter for practical observation of fast or slow light in a physical experiment. We also developed analytical approaches for explanation of laser pulse propagation peculiarities in a medium with nanorods. In particular, in the framework of nonlinear geometric optics approximation, we derived the laws for the pulse intensity and instantaneous frequency evolution if a phase grating is induced by laser radiation in a medium with SPA. We also developed an approximate analytical soliton and derived the chirped soliton amplitude, duration and homogeneous shift evolution, carrier frequency changing, and pulse chirp evolution. The results of analytical consideration are confirmed by computer simulation results.
UTILIZATIION OF ORGANIC ACID FOR INHIBITING AFLATOXIN PRODUCED BY Aspergillus flavus IN STORED YELLOW CORN

The effect of organic acid mixtures on the growth of Aspergillus flavus and subsequently on the production of aflatoxins B 1 , B 2 , G 1 , G 2 and total aflatoxins in yellow corn at two moisture levels, was investigated. Yellow corn grains was calibrated to moisture levels 15 and 20% and treated with combined application of propionic acid + acetic acid + formic acid at ratios 1:1:2 (mixture1), 1:2:2 (mixture2) and 1:2:3 (mixture3). A preliminary stepwise protocol starting from 0.2% to 1.0% concentration was used to determine the concentration of organic acid mixtures that can inhibit growth of A. flavus in yellow corn during 21 days. Then, the chosen concentrations were used in the main experiment which lasted 60 days. In yellow corn with 15% moisture, one concentration (0.2%) was used to the main trial. When moisture was raised to 20%, two concentrations were used (0.8 and 1.0%) to the main experiment. The trial included two groups of treatments, with and without A. flavus infection then, stored at room temperature 30 o C and 25 o C for 60 days. Results showed that A. flavus production increased with increasing moisture level, but decreased as the concentration of organic acid increased. Total fungal count increased during the whole period of the experiment in the control groups. At all storage conditions, mixture 3 showed less fungal inhibity effect. raising moisture content of yellow corn was up to 20%, mixture 2 was found to be the best mold inhibitor at a concentration of 0.8%. Incubation at 25 o C was more effective than that at room temperature to reduce total aflatoxins. It could be concluded that, using 1.0 % of mixture 1 and mixture 2 as preservatives inhibited both growth of A. flavus , and aflatoxin production in yellow corn stored whether at 25°C or ats room temperature during the 21 days of storage.
d’Alembert’s functional equation on groups

Group representation theory is used to solve a functional equation of the D'Alembert type on groups. I. Reduction to a representation theory problem. We consider a functional equation of the form «í>i(^) + <p2(g-1/I)= ¿K,. (g)\(A) (*) íTM i where <bx, <b2, k¡, \, i = 1, . , «, are some (measurable) complex functions given on a locally compact group G. We can and shall assume that functions k, and A„ / = 1, . , «, are linearly independent. The equation (*) can be viewed as a generalization of the known D'Alembert functional equation <b(gh) + <b(g-xh) = 2<b(g)<t>(h), which has been studied by many authors (cf. [4]-[6]). A particular case of (*) when </>,= — <j>2 arises in some statistical applications and was studied by one of the authors in the situation when 0 is a compact Lie group [7]. The solution of (*) in the case G = Rx can be found in Aczél's book [1, pp. 171-176, 199]. In this paper we present the solution of (*) in the case when f\<t>Ág)\2Mg)<^ i =1.2, where v is the left Haar measure on 0. Henceforth we denote the space of such functions by L2(G). We also consider the case when d>„ i = 1, 2, can be represented as a finite combination of positive definite functions. Note that if <p(g) = ¿>,(g) + ¿>2(g), £(g) = <j>x(g) <j>2(g) then <pO) + Hg-'h) = 2 [«,(*) + K,(g-l)]\(h) ITM 1 m = 2 a,(gMh) (**) / = i Received by the editors November 9, 1978, and, in revised form, December 19, 1978. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 39A40; Secondary 22D12. 'This research has been supported by NSF Grant 7804898. 2This research has been supported by NSF Grant #MCS 77019640. © 1979 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/79/0000-0466/$03.00 License or copyright restrictions may apply to redistribution; see http://www.ams. org/journal-terms-of-use 74 R. C PENNEY AND A. L. RUKHIN
Interannual variation in moisture sources for the first rainy season in South China estimated by the FLEXPART model

The first rainy season (April-May-June) of South China includes the phases before and after the onset of South China Sea Summer Monsoon (hereafter SCSSM). Abundant moisture supply is the key dynamic process for precipitation formation. Thus, we employ the FLEXPART model to explore the corresponding moisture sources for the two phases. Before the onset of SCSSM, land regions contribute more moisture to the precipitation over South China than the ocean sources. The main source regions are Southeastern Asia (27.01%), South China Sea (25.96%), South China (11.12), and southern part of northwestern Pacific (10.23%). Land sources (66.87%) play a more important role than ocean sources (33.13%) in the interannual variations, with the contributions mainly from Southeastern Asia (47.56%) and South China Sea (28.79%). After the onset of SCSSM, the climatological contribution of ocean sources is larger than that of land regions, and the main source regions are South China Sea (20.78%), Southeastern Asia (17.51%), Bay of Bengal (13.76%), and South China (11.21%). For the interannual variations, the contributions of land sources and ocean regions are comparable, and mainly from Southeastern Asia (33.53%) and the Bay of Bengal (32.26%). The moisture transports for the interannual variations in FRS precipitation over South China before and after the onset of SCSSM are significantly correlated with the east-west contrast of sea surface temperature anomalies over northern part of North Pacific and the uniform warming over Indian Ocean, respectively. This study provides important guidance in improving the regional precipitation predictions and understanding the water resources changes.
Increasing the Transparency of Research Papers with Explorable Multiverse Analyses

We present explorable multiverse analysis reports, a new approach to statistical reporting where readers of research papers can explore alternative analysis options by interacting with the paper itself. This approach draws from two recent ideas: i) multiverse analysis, a philosophy of statistical reporting where paper authors report the outcomes of many different statistical analyses in order to show how fragile or robust their findings are; and ii) explorable explanations, narratives that can be read as normal explanations but where the reader can also become active by dynamically changing some elements of the explanation. Based on five examples and a design space analysis, we show how combining those two ideas can complement existing reporting approaches and constitute a step towards more transparent research papers.
Do Protestant Missionaries Undermine Political Authority? Evidence From Peru

The relation between religious organizations and political authority is notoriously tense. Max Weber argued that this is because both compete over the same resource: human commitment. This article revisits Weber’s hypothesis. Specifically, we explore two psychological mechanisms through which Protestant missionaries affect political authority: obedience and persuadability. Exploiting exogenous variation in missionary activity in Peru, we demonstrate that missionaries make converts more obedient, which we attribute to a theological and a social mechanism. Yet, we also find that missionaries make converts less susceptible to persuasion by political authorities because they shift attention from secular topics to questions of theological importance, and endorse a skeptical stance toward the government. Exploiting variation in treatment intensity, we argue that the degree to which political authority is affected depends on a given mission’s theological strictness. We arrive at these findings by combining experimental outcomes and process-tracing evidence using Bayesian integration.
Social and health policies or interventions to tackle health inequalities in European cities

Background: Health inequalities can be tackled with appropriate health and social policies, involving all community groups and governments, from local to global. The objective of this study was to carry out a scoping review on social and health policies or interventions to tackle health inequalities in European cities published in scientific journals. Methods: Scoping review. The search was done in “PubMed” and the “Sociological Abstracts” database and was limited to articles published between 1995 and 2011. The inclusion criteria were: interventions had to take place in European cities and they had to state the reduction of health inequalities among their objectives. Results: A total of 54 papers were included, of which 35.2% used an experimental design, and 74.1% were carried out in the United Kingdom. The whole city was the setting in 27.8% of them and 44.4% were based on promoting healthy behaviours. Adults and children were the most frequent target population and half of the interventions had a universal approach and the other half a selective one. Half of the interventions were evaluated and showed positive results. Conclusions: Although health behaviours are not the main determinants of health inequalities, the majority of the selected documents were based on evaluations of interventions focusing on them.
Full-length EBNA 1 mRNA-transduced dendritic cells stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognizing a novel HLA-Cw * 0303-and-Cw * 0304-restricted epitope on EBNA 1-expressing cells

Received 31 August 2006 Accepted 7 November 2006 Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is an attractive target for immunotherapy against EBV-associated malignancies because it is expressed in all EBV-positive cells. Although CD8 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitope presentation is largely prevented by its glycine–alanine-repeat domain (GAr), the use of mRNA-transduced dendritic cells (DCs) would offer the advantage of priming EBNA1-specific CTLs. After stimulation with GAr-containing EBNA1-transduced monocyte-derived DCs, two EBNA1-specific CTL clones, B5 and C6, were isolated successfully from a healthy donor. These CTLs recognize peptides in the context of HLA-B*3501 and HLA-Cw*0303, respectively. A novel epitope, FVYGGSKTSL, was then identified, presented by both HLA-Cw*0303 and -Cw*0304, which are expressed by >35 % of Japanese, >20 % of Northern Han Chinese and >25 % of Caucasians. The mixed lymphocyte–peptide culture method revealed that FVYGGSKTSL-specific CTL-precursor frequencies in HLA-Cw*0303or -Cw*0304-positive donors were between 1610 and 1610 CD8 T cells. Moreover, both CTL clones inhibited growth of HLA-matched EBV-transformed B lymphocytes in vitro, and B5 CTLs produced a gamma interferon response to EBNA1-expressing gastric carcinoma cells in the context of HLA-Cw*0303. These data demonstrate that EBNA1 mRNA-transduced DCs may be useful tools for inducing EBNA1-specific CTLs that might be of clinical interest for CTL therapy of EBV-associated malignancies.
Reinforcement Learning-Based Multiple Constraint Electric Vehicle Charging Service Scheduling

The popularization of electric vehicles faces problems such as difficulty in charging, difficulty in selecting fast charging locations, and comprehensive consideration of multiple factors and vehicle interactions. With the increasingly mature application of navigation technology in vehicle-road coordination and other aspects, the proposal of an optimal dynamic charging method for electric fleets based on adaptive learning makes it possible for edge computing to process electric fleets to effectively execute the optimal route charging plan. We propose a method of electric vehicle charging service scheduling based on reinforcement learning. First, an intelligent transportation system is proposed, and on this basis a framework for the interaction between fast charging stations and electric vehicles is established. Subsequently, a dynamic travel time model for traffic sections was established. Based on the habits of electric vehicle owners, an electric vehicle charging navigation model and a reinforcement learning reward model were proposed. Finally, an electric vehicle charging navigation scheduling method is proposed to optimize the service resources of the fast charging stations in the area. The simulation results show that the method balances the charging load between stations, can effectively improve the charging efficiency of electric vehicles, and increases user satisfaction.
Association between long-term consumption of soft drinks and variables of bone modeling and remodeling in a sample of healthy German children and adolescents 1 – 3

Background: Soft drinks are thought to displace milk in diets of children and adolescents and therefore might affect variables of bone modeling and remodeling. Objective: We assessed the association between long-term consumption of several types of soft drinks and bone variables in children and adolescents. Design: Long-term dietary data from 3-d weighed dietary records collected by 228 healthy children and adolescents enrolled in the DONALD Study in 4 y of study participation were used for data analysis. Variables of bone modeling and remodeling of the radius were assessed by using peripheral quantitative computed tomogra-
Characterizations of bounded sets in spaces of ultradistributions

We characterize bounded sets in ultradistributions spaces QJ(MP) Li t E [1, oo], S'{MP}, and S'(Mp) and bounded sets and convergent sequences in 0i(Mp) and Oi{MP} via the convolution by corresponding test functions. The structural theorems for L/{MP} and -'f{MP t E [} , oo are also given.
Selective Targeting and Tissue Penetration to the Retina by a Systemically Administered Vascular Homing Peptide in Oxygen Induced Retinopathy (OIR)

Pathological angiogenesis is the hallmark of ischemic retinal diseases among them retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) is a pure hypoxia-driven angiogenesis model and a widely used model for ischemic retinopathies. We explored whether the vascular homing peptide CAR (CARSKNKDC) which recognizes angiogenic blood vessels can be used to target the retina in OIR. We were able to demonstrate that the systemically administered CAR vascular homing peptide homed selectively to the preretinal neovessels in OIR. As a cell and tissue-penetrating peptide, CAR also penetrated into the retina. Hyperoxia used to induce OIR in the retina also causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the lungs. We showed that the CAR peptide is not targeted to the lungs in normal mice but is targeted to the lungs after hyperoxia-/hypoxia-treatment of the animals. The site-specific delivery of the CAR peptide to the pathologic retinal vasculature and the penetration of the retinal tissue may offer new opportunities for treating retinopathies more selectively and with less side effects.
A New Governance Model for Independent Regulatory Agencies

In a regulatory state the purpose of intervention by any Independent Regulatory Agency (IRA) is not only regulation in the strict sense but also the supervision of the activity of institutions providing a specific service, particularly the utilities. However, given the evolution of most market economies, namely in transition countries, it is necessary to design new governance arrangements that enable an effective, transparent and truly independent intervention of IRAs. The objectives of this study are a) to analyse of the institutional-design chosen for some independent regulatory agencies and its regulatory framework, namely in northern economies, and b) to suggest the need to strengthen governance arrangements to effectively guarantee regulatory independence, transparency and accountability, therefore promoting a true sunshine regulation in southern economies. The authors conclude that strengthening accountability arrangements is the most important mechanism to avoid regulators capture from the government and regulated organisations. It is also concluded that the way regulators have chosen can also influence the way IRA conducts its activity. Therefore, it is suggested that board accountability can be enhanced by the generalization of the principle of the public contest of regulators.
Chapter III Interactions of Fusogenic Coiled-Coil Lipopeptides with Zwitterionic Lipid Monolayers: Implications for Lipopeptide Mediated Vesicle Fusion

Fusion of lipid membranes is an important natural process for the intraand intercellular exchange of molecules. However, little is known about the actual fusion mechanism at the molecular level. In this study we examine a system that models the key features of this process. For the molecular recognition between opposing membranes two membrane anchored heterodimer coiled-coil forming peptides called E: (EIAALEK)3 and K: (KIAALKE)3 were used. Lipid monolayers and IR reflection absorbtion spectroscopy (IRRAS) revealed the interactions of the peptides E, K and their parallel coiled-coil complex E/K with the phospholipid membranes and thereby mimicked the preand post-fusion state, respectively. The peptides adopted α-helical structures and incorporated into the monolayers with parallel orientation. The strength of binding to the monolayer differed for the peptides and tethering them to the membrane increased the interactions even further. Remarkably, these interactions played a role even in the post fusion state. These findings shed light on important mechanistic details of the membrane fusion process in this model system. Furthermore, their implications will help to improve the rational design of new artificial membrane fusion systems, which have a wide range of potential applications in supramolecular chemistry and biomedicine.
Widespread Recombination in Published Animal mtDNA Sequences 1

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) recombination has been observed in several animal species, but there are doubts as to whether it is common or only occurs under special circumstances. Animal mtDNA sequences retrieved from public databases were unambiguously aligned and rigorously tested for evidence of recombination. At least 30 recombination events were detected among 186 alignments examined. Recombinant sequences were found in invertebrates and vertebrates, including primates. It appears that mtDNA recombination may occur regularly in the animal cell but rarely produces new haplotypes because of homoplasmy. Common animal mtDNA recombination would necessitate a reexamination of phylogenetic and biohistorical inference based on the assumption of clonal mtDNA transmission. Recombination may also have an important role in producing and purging mtDNA mutations and thus in mtDNA-based diseases and senescence.
Mining Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Markers for Accurate Genotype Identification and Diversity Analysis of Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Germplasm

Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is an economically important fruit tree with outstanding adaptability to marginal lands and a broad range of climate conditions. There are over 800 cultivars, mostly landraces from China. However, a high rate of mislabeling in Chinese jujube germplasm restricts the sharing of information and materials among jujube researchers and hampers the use of jujube germplasm in breeding. In the present study, we developed a large panel of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and validated 288 SNPs by genotyping 114 accessions of Chinese jujube germplasm. The validation resulted in the designation of a set of 192 polymorphic SNP markers that revealed a high rate of synonymous mislabeling in the jujube germplasm collection in Ningxia, China. A total of 17 groups of duplicates were detected, encompassing 49 of the 114 Chinese jujube cultivars. Model-based population stratification revealed two germplasm groups, and the core members of the two groups showed a significant genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.16). The results supported the hypothesis that the cultivated Chinese jujube had multiple origins and multiple regions of domestication. The Neighbor-Joining dendrogram further revealed that this collection is comprised of multiple sub-groups, each including 1-13 closely related cultivars. Parentage analysis of cultivars with known pedigree information proved the efficacy of using these SNP markers for parentage verification. A subset of 96 SNPs with high information index was selected for future downstream application including gene bank management, verification of pedigrees in breeding programs, quality control for propagation of planting materials and support of the traceability and authentication of jujube products.