Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The cat step cycle: Hind limb joint angles and muscle lengths during unrestrained locomotion

A cinematographic analysis of the unrestrained walking, trotting, galloping, jumping and landing movements of 11 adult cats was undertaken to provide previously unavailable information concerning the demands imposed on the nervous system for the control of low and high speed movements and the demands imposed by such natural movements on muscle performance and proprioceptive response.
Comparison of Ontological Subscription and Blocking and Rich Site Summary for Blog Posts

Information overload and privacy protection become critical issues with blogs. This paper presents the ontological subscription and blocking system (OSBS) using policies, ontologies, and rules to subscribe interesting posts and block unwanted posts. This system also uses rules for automatic conflict detection between polices. The effectiveness of two subscription systems, OSBS and RSS (rich site summary) reader, is compared. The experimental results reveal that the perceived privacy benefits on the novel OSBS are better than the existing RSS reader. The novel OSBS is as good as existing RSS reader from perceived information overload alleviation perspective.
Study of an Industrial FEM Tool for Line Boring Process of Cylinder Blocks

The aim of this study is to realize a simple simulation tool, in order to predict the form defect of cylinder block bore liners in the moment of rough boring process. Geometrical defect prediction is critical for Process Engineering in order to optimize all machining sequences in the production line, to grantee the finale product, according to the norms defined by the Design Engineering. In revenge, Process Engineering can suggest a new product design according to geometrical defect predictions. Simulation can significantly reduce the time of Process-Product parameters adjustment (pre-project). In this study a simple static FEM model, based on the cylinder block geometry, is proposed to predict the form defect of the bore liners in the moment of process. The cutting tool is supposed as a rigid part in this model. The clamping condition and meshing information are applied on the part in the initial state. Calculation of cutting force components is performed through the Kienzle cutting law and applied on the bore liners by means of a Python script. The Python script runs the calculation automatically by means of ABQUS software. Another Python script is in charge of simulation results post-processing. The interface of this tool is an Excel sheet which allows us to inter the process parameters and automatically run the FEM calculation. Out-put excel file contains the form defect of each bore according to 3 levels of bore (top, middle and the bottom) and different angular position.The simulation results put forward that the clamping condition plays an import role in the bore distortion. Consequently, optimizing the clamping pressure and its localization is critical, before cutting parameters adjustment, in line boring process. Experimental validation is performed in parallel with the simulation. The first correlation between experimentation and simulation results shows that the first influent factor which disturbs the correlation is the initial form defect of rough part due to the casting process. Integration of casting form defect in the simulation is crucial and should be taken into account in the next studied.
Quality Standards for Interprofessional Healthcare Education: The W(e)Learn Framework and Designing and Validating a Toolkit of Bilingual Assessment Tools

This paper addresses some of the most important unresolved issues of interdisciplinary education (IPE) for healthcare by describing our experiences and processes in developing and validating qualitative and quantitative evaluation tools to assess IPE courses and programs (online and face- to-face). The instruments (available in both English and French) include a program evaluation survey based on the W(e)Learn framework, a survey to access changes in attitudes and behaviour and a team and learner exemplar and companion contract. The systems, processes and instruments created and tested will increase the likelihood that IPE experiences are planned and delivered effectively and increase justification and accountability for healthcare educational experiences and clinical practice.
Multiple Palmar Epidermoid Cysts

Implantation of epidermal fragments into the dermis has been pointed out as the cause of common epidermal cysts. However, some palmoplantar epidermoid cysts have been reported to be caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection or to be derived from eccrine ducts. A 65-year-old left-handed woman presented with extraordinary multiple epidermoid cysts on the palm and volar aspect of the fingers of her left hand. HPV infection was not detected by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. Histological investigation revealed syringeal structures within the cyst wall and in the cyst cavity. Carcinoembryonic antigen was observed in these syringeal structures but was not specifically stained in the cyst wall cells by immunohistochemistry. The cytokeratin composition of the cyst wall cells was similar to that of the nonadnexal epidermis.
Predicting the proficiency level of language learners using lexical indices

This study explores how second language (L2) texts written by learners at various proficiency levels can be classified using computational indices that characterize lexical competence. For this study, 100 writing samples taken from 100 L2 learners were analyzed using lexical indices reported by the computational tool Coh-Metrix. The L2 writing samples were categorized into beginning, intermediate, and advanced groupings based on the TOEFL and ACT ESL Compass scores of the writer. A discriminant function analysis was used to predict the level categorization of the texts using lexical indices related to breadth of lexical knowledge (word frequency, lexical diversity), depth of lexical knowledge (hypernymy, polysemy, semantic co-referentiality, and word meaningfulness), and access to core lexical items (word concreteness, familiarity, and imagability). The strongest predictors of an individual’s proficiency level were word imagability, word frequency, lexical diversity, and word familiarity. In total, the indices correctly classified 70% of the texts based on proficiency level in both a training and a test set. The authors argue for the applicability of a statistical model as a method to investigate lexical competence across language levels, as a method to assess L2 lexical development, and as a method to classify L2 proficiency.
Facebook Messenger“强拆”后的进击之路

2014年最著名的一件“强拆”事件，来自互联网：2014年4月，Facebook强制拆分Messenger成为独立应用。 拆分之后，FacebookAPP的核心功能为浏览好友现状，类似朋友圈，而要想给好友在线发送信息、视频或者打网络电话的话，就需要下载使用Messenger。 这一举动引起了诸多用户强烈的抵触情绪及业界的一片质疑。 彼时，Messenger拥有2亿用户。
Precise control of fasciclin II expression is required for adult mushroom body development in Drosophila

Fasciclin II (FASII) is a cell adhesion molecule that participates in axonal pathfinding, fasciculation and divergence in the Drosophila nervous system. Here, we examined spatio‐temporal control of fasII expression during the development of adult mushroom body (MB) and found that suppression of fasII in α′/β′ neurons is essential for the formation of adult α′/β′ and α/β lobes. Of γ, α′/β′ and α/β neurons, which are derived sequentially from the same four MB neuroblasts, only γ and α/β neurons expressed fasII. When fasII was misexpressed in developing MB neurons, defects resulted, including loss or misdirection of adult α′/β′ lobes and concurrent misdirection of α/β lobes. Although no gross anatomical defects were apparent in the larval MB lobes, α′/β′ lobes collapsed at the pupal stage when the larval lobe of γ neurons degenerated. In addition, α/β lobes, which developed at this time, were misdirected in close relationship with the collapse of α′/β′ lobes. These defects did not occur when fasII was overexpressed in only γ and α/β neurons, indicating that ectopic expression of fasII in α′/β′ neurons is required for the defects. Our findings also suggest that the α′/β′ lobe play a role in guiding the pathfinding by α/β axons.
Environmental Regulation of Campylobacter jejuni Major Outer Membrane Protein Porin Expression in Escherichia coli Monitored by Using Green Fluorescent Protein

ABSTRACT Porins allow exchanges between bacteria and their environment. In the gram-negative food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni two porins, major outer membrane protein (MOMP) and Omp50, have been identified. MOMP is synthesized at a very high level under laboratory culture conditions, suggesting that its promoter functions very efficiently under these conditions. In Campylobacter samples, we observed that MOMP porin expression increased at a high temperature (42°C) or a high pH (pH 8.5) compared to expression at a low temperature (31°C) or an acidic pH (pH 5.5). To study the regulation of MOMP expression at the transcriptional level, we constructed an momp-gfp fusion in which gfp expression was put under the control of the momp promoter. Interestingly, we observed the same pattern of regulation in Escherichia coli, as monitored by green fluorescent protein production, that was found in Campylobacter. The ranges of pH and temperature tested are physiologically relevant, because they can be found in the digestive tracts of both birds and humans, which are both colonized by Campylobacter. Our results suggest that a component of the regulatory mechanism is conserved in C. jejuni and E. coli. However, medium osmolarity and sodium salicylate did not have a significant effect on C. jejuni momp promoter activity in E. coli, suggesting that major regulatory elements of E. coli porin expression do not participate in MOMP regulation. In contrast, mechanisms involving DNA supercoiling may be involved, as shown by DNA gyrase inhibition assays. These findings are a step towards determining the role of outer membrane proteins in the adaptation of C. jejuni to its environment.
Modified Fourier reconstruction method using shifted transform samples

Numerical methods for image reconstruction from projections are essential to the success of computed tomography in diagnostic radiology, and are also needed for some types of magnetic resonance imaging. The authors describe a modified Fourier reconstruction method using shifted transform samples, and they point out the relationship between this method and other reported implementations. They then present and discuss the results of computational experiments with this previously untried method.
Connections of the retrosplenial granular b cortex in the rat

Although the retrosplenial granular b cortex (Rgb) is situated in a critical position between the hippocampal formation and the neocortex, surprisingly few studies have examined its connections carefully. The present experiments use both anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques to characterize the connections of Rgb. The main cortical projections from Rgb are to the caudal part of the anterior cingulate cortex, area 18b, retrosplenial granular a cortex (Rga), and postsubiculum, and less dense terminal fields are present in the prelimbic and caudal occipital cortices. The major subcortical projections are to the anterior thalamic nuclei and the rostral pontine nuclei, and very small terminal fields are present in the caudal dorsomedial part of the striatum, the reuniens and reticular nuclei of the thalamus, and the mammillary bodies. Contralaterally, Rgb primarily projects to itself, i.e., homotypically, and more sparsely projects to Rga and postsubiculum. In general, the axons from Rgb terminate ipsilaterally in cortical layers I and III–V and contralaterally in layer V, with a smaller number of terminals in layers I and VI. Thalamic projections from Rgb target the anteroventral and laterodorsal nuclei of the thalamus, with only a few axons terminating in the anterodorsal nucleus, the reticular nucleus, and the nucleus reuniens of the thalamus. Rgb is innervated by the anterior cingulate cortex, precentral agranular cortex, cortical area 18b, dorsal subiculum, and postsubiculum. Subcortical projections to Rgb originate mainly in the claustrum, the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca, and the anterior thalamic nuclei. These data demonstrate that, in the rat, Rgb is a major nodal point for the integration and subsequent distribution of information to and from the hippocampal formation, the midline limbic and visual cortices, and the thalamus. Thus, similarly to the entorhinal cortex, Rgb in the rat is a prominent gateway for information exchange between the hippocampal formation and other limbic areas of the brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 463:249–263, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurological Complications of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first discovered in September 2012 in Saudi Arabia. Since then, it caused more than 1600 laboratory-confirmed cases and more than 580 deaths among them. The clinical course of the disease ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe lower respiratory tract illness with multiorgan involvement and death. The disease can cause pulmonary, renal, hematological, and gastrointestinal complications. In this paper, we report neurological complications of MERS-CoV in two adult patients, and we hypothesize the pathophysiology. The first patient had an intracerebral hemorrhage as a result of thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and platelet dysfunction. The second case was a case of critical illness polyneuropathy complicating a long ICU stay. In these cases, the neurological complications were secondary to systemic complications and long ICU stay. Autopsy studies are needed to further understand the pathological mechanism.
The mechanism of heparin‐induced platelet aggregation

When heparin was added to platelet‐rich plasma, mild but irreversible platelet aggregation was demonstrated. This platelet response was not accompanied by release of α‐granules and dense body constituents, nor by prostaglandin biosynthesis. It did, however, require metabolic energy and divalent cations as metabolic inhibitors (anti‐mycin A and 6‐deoxyglucose) and EDTA blocked the reaction. Bernard‐Soulier syndrome platelets, which lack glycoprotein (GP) Ib, but not Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia platelets, which lack GP IIb/IIIa, were aggregated by heparin. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) against GP IIb/IIIa, but not mAb against GP Ib, strongly inhibited the reaction. These combined results suggest the participation of GP IIb/IIIa but not GP Ib in heparin‐induced platelet aggregation. Fibrinogen was a cofactor in the reaction as gel‐filtered platelets were unreactive to heparin but addition of fibrinogen restored their reactivity. Antithrombin III and fibronectin inhibited platelet response to heparin, suggesting that these proteins may protect platelets from aggregation by heparin.
Electric g tensor control and spin echo of a hole-spin qubit in a quantum dot molecule

The feasibility of high-fidelity single-qubit operations on a hole spin in a quantum dot molecule by electric g tensor control is demonstrated. Apart from a constant external magnetic field the proposed scheme allows for an exclusively electric control of the hole spin. Realistic electric gate bias profiles are identified for various qubit operations using process-tomography-based optimal control. They are shown to be remarkably robust against decoherence and dissipation arising from the interaction of the hole with host-lattice nuclear spins and phonons, with a fidelity loss of ≈1% for gate operation times of ≈10 ns. Spin-echo experiments for the hole spin are modeled to explore dephasing mechanisms and the role of pulse-timing imperfections in the gate fidelity loss is discussed.
Contrasting Regional Responses to Increasing Leaf-Level Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide over Australia

Using a coupled atmosphere‐land surface model, simulations were conducted to characterize the regional climate changes that result from the response of stomates to increases in leaf-level carbon dioxide (CO2) under differing conditions of moisture availability over Australia. Multiple realizations for multiple Januarys corresponding to dry and wet years were run, where only the leaf-level CO2 was varied at 280, 375, 500, 650, 840, and 1000 ppmv and the atmospheric CO2 was fixed at 375 ppmv. The results show the clear effect of increasing leaf-level CO2 on the transpiration via the stomatal response, particularly when sufficient moisture is available. Statistically significant reductions in transpiration generally lead to a significantly warmer land surface with decreases in rainfall. Increases in CO2 lead to increases in the magnitude and areal extent of the statistically significant mean changes in the surface climate. However, the results also show that the availability of moisture substantially affects the effect of increases in the leaf-level CO2, particularly for a moisturelimited region. The physiological feedback can indirectly lead to more rainfall via changes in the low-level moisture convergence and vertical velocity, which result in a cooling simulated over Western Australia. The significant changes in the surface climate presented in the results suggest that it is still important to incorporate these feedbacks in future climate assessments and projections for Australia. The influence of moisture availability also indicates that the capacity of the physiological feedback to affect the future climate may be affected by uncertainties in rainfall projections, particularly for water-stressed regions such as Australia.
Stochastic Local Search: Foundations & Applications

Prologue Part I. Foundations 1. Introduction 2. SLS Methods 3. Generalised Local Search Machines 4. Empirical Analysis of SLS Algorithms 5. Search Space Structure and SLS Performance Part II. Applications 6. SAT and Constraint Satisfaction 7. MAX-SAT and MAX-CSP 8. Travelling Salesman Problems 9. Scheduling Problems 10. Other Combinatorial Problems Epilogue Glossary
Design of k-band oversized floded half mode substrate integrated waveguide (OFHMSIW) filter with high selectivity

In this paper, a k-band oversized folded half mode substrate integrated waveguide filter is proposed. The cross-coupling between the TE10 and TE20 in one resonator without additional structure is used to generate transmission zeros in stopband to improve filter performance, and the folded half mode SIW is used for cutting down the filter size. The results show this method is very helpful in reducing the filter size and enhancing filter selectivity.
Magnetic resonance imaging–based volumetry differentiates idiopathic Parkinson's syndrome from multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy

By using three‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging–based volumetry, we studied atrophy of the caudate nucleus, putamen, brainstem, and cerebellum in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's syndrome (IPS, n = 11), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, n = 6), and multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism (MSA‐P, n = 12) or ataxia (MSA‐C, n = 17). Patients were compared with a total of 46 controls, of whom 16 were age matched. Mean striatal, cerebellar, and brainstem volumes were normal in patients with IPS. We found significant reductions in mean striatal and brainstem volumes in patients with MSA‐P, MSA‐C, and PSP, whereas patients with MSA‐C and MSA‐P also showed a reduction in cerebellar volume. On an individual basis, volumes of structures in patients with MSA and PSP showed an extensive overlap with the normal range with the exception of brainstem volumes in patients with MSA‐C. Therefore, groups could not be discriminated on the basis of individual structure volumetry. Application of stepwise discriminant analysis, however, allowed discrimination of all 12 patients with MSA‐P, 15 of 17 patients with MSA‐C, and 5 of 6 patients with PSP from the normal and IPS cohorts. However, patients with IPS could not be separated from controls and patients with MSA‐P could not be separated from patients with PSP. In conclusion, total intracranial volume–normalized magnetic resonance imaging–based volumetric measurements provide a sensitive marker to discriminate typical and atypical parkinsonism. Ann Neurol 1999;45:65–74
Building accurate sequence-to-affinity models from high-throughput in vitro protein-DNA binding data using FeatureREDUCE

Transcription factors are crucial regulators of gene expression. Accurate quantitative definition of their intrinsic DNA binding preferences is critical to understanding their biological function. High-throughput in vitro technology has recently been used to deeply probe the DNA binding specificity of hundreds of eukaryotic transcription factors, yet algorithms for analyzing such data have not yet fully matured. Here, we present a general framework (FeatureREDUCE) for building sequence-to-affinity models based on a biophysically interpretable and extensible model of protein-DNA interaction that can account for dependencies between nucleotides within the binding interface or multiple modes of binding. When training on protein binding microarray (PBM) data, we use robust regression and modeling of technology-specific biases to infer specificity models of unprecedented accuracy and precision. We provide quantitative validation of our results by comparing to gold-standard data when available. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.06397. 001
The relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism and QT dispersion in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Introduction: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by disorganized myocardial architecture, and may cause ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) with two deletion alleles (DD genotype) has been proposed to be associated with increased myocardial collagen content. We evaluated QT dispersion (QTd), which reflects regional differences in ventricular repolarization, in HCM patient and controls among the three different ACE genotypes. Materials and methods: Sixty-three patients with HCM and 20 healthy subjects were included in the study. QT parameters were measured from 12 lead electrocardiograms. ACE genotypes were determined from the DNA extracted from peripheral blood by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. QT parameters were compared among the three ACE genotypes both in HCM patients and controls. Results: Median ages were similar in HCM and control groups. QTd and corrected QTd (QTcd) were significantly greater in the HCM group compared with the controls. The frequencies of each genotype were similar in both groups. Although QTd and QTcd did not differ among the three genotypes in the control subjects, they were significantly greater in patients with DD genotype compared with other genotypes in the HCM group. Conclusion: QTd and QTcd are increased in patients with HCM, especially in those with the DD genotype.
Accurate Sensing of LED Spectra via Low-Cost Spectrum Sensors

As a variety of light-emitting diode (LED) applications rapidly develops, accurate specifications of LED characteristics are increasingly important. In this work, we present a method for accurate measurement of LED spectra using a novel low-cost filter-array spectrum sensor. The measurement accuracy is further enhanced using particle swarm optimization. As a result, the proposed sensing method not only matches the performance of a professional optical spectrometer, but also is suitable for low-cost consumer applications, wherever the precise spectrum (or color) measurement is demanded.