Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting Heart Rate Variability Parameters in Healthy Korean Adults: A Preliminary Study

The purpose of the study was to examine the development of a multiple linear regression model to estimate heart rate variability (HRV) parameters using easy-to-measure independent variables in preliminary experiments. HRV parameters (time domain: SDNN, RMSSD, NN50, pNN50; frequency domain: TP, VLF, LF, HF) and the independent variables (e.g., sex, age, body height, body weight, BMI, HR, HRmax, HRR) were measured in 75 healthy adults (male n = 27, female n = 48) for estimating HRV. The HRV estimation multiple linear regression model was developed using the backward elimination technique. The regression model’s coefficient of determination for the time domain variables was significantly high (SDNN = R2: 72.2%, adjusted R2: 69.8%, P < .001; RMSSD = R2: 93.1%, adjusted R2: 92.1%, P < .001; NN50 = R2: 78.0%, adjusted R2: 74.9%, P < .001; pNN50 = R2: 89.1%, adjusted R2: 87.4%, P < .001). The coefficient of determination of the regression model for the frequency domain variable was moderate (TP = R2: 75.6%, adjusted R2: 72.6%, P < .001; VLF = R2: 41.6%, adjusted R2: 40.3%, P < .001; LF = R2: 54.6%, adjusted R2: 49.2%, P < .001; HF = R2: 67.5%, adjusted R2: 63.4%, P < .001). The coefficient of determination of time domain variables in the developed multiple regression models was shown to be very high (adjusted R2: 69.8%–92.1%, P < .001), but the coefficient of determination of frequency domain variables was moderate (adjusted R2: 40.3%–72.6%, P < .001). In addition to the equipment used for measuring HRV in clinical trials, this study confirmed that simple physiological variables could predict HRV.
Association of Acute Kidney Injury During Diabetic Ketoacidosis With Risk of Microalbuminuria in Children With Type 1 Diabetes.

Importance Diabetic kidney disease is among the most important causes of end-stage kidney disease worldwide. Risk factors for diabetic kidney disease remain incompletely defined. Recent studies document a high frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children, raising the question of whether these AKI episodes might contribute to future risk of diabetic kidney disease. Objective To determine whether episodes of AKI occurring during DKA in children are associated with increased risk of development of microalbuminuria. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective review of medical records included children with type 1 diabetes with 1 or more urine albumin levels measured during routine diabetes care from 2 university-affiliated urban tertiary children's hospitals in the United States from January 2006 to December 2019. Age at diagnosis of diabetes, hemoglobin A1c levels, episodes of DKA, pH and creatinine levels during DKA, and urine albumin and creatinine measurements were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify variables affecting the hazard rate for microalbuminuria development. Analyses began January 2021 and ended May 2021. Exposures Episodes of DKA and episodes of AKI occurring during DKA. Main Outcomes and Measures AKI occurrence and AKI stage were determined from serum creatinine measurements during DKA using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Microalbuminuria was defined as urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 30 mg/g or more or excretion of 30 mg or more of albumin in 24 hours. Results Of 2345 children, the mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 9.4 (4.4) years. One or more episodes of DKA occurred in 963 children (41%), and AKI occurred during DKA in 560 episodes (47%). In multivariable models adjusting for the associations of age at diagnosis and mean hemoglobin A1c level since diagnosis, each episode of AKI during DKA was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.56 (95% CI, 1.3-1.87) for development of microalbuminuria. Four or more episodes increased the hazard rate by more than 5-fold. DKA episodes without AKI did not significantly increase the hazard rate for microalbuminuria development after adjusting for other covariates. Conclusions and Relevance These data demonstrate that episodes of AKI occurring during DKA in children with type 1 diabetes are significantly associated with risk of developing microalbuminuria. Greater efforts are necessary to reduce the frequency of DKA.
Moderate effect of ankle foot orthosis versus ground reaction ankle foot orthosis on balance in children with diplegic cerebral palsy

Background: The children with diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) commonly have abnormal alignment of lower extremities affecting their abilities of keeping balance. Orthoses are one of the many approaches that can be prescribed to improve balance and walking in diplegic children. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the moderate effect of solid ankle foot orthosis (AFO) vs. the ground reaction ankle foot orthosis (GRAFO) on balance in children with diplegic CP. Study design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty children with spastic diplegic CP from both genders participated in this study; their ages were between 6 and 9 years. They were divided randomly into two study groups of equal numbers; the first study group A received the regular physical therapy program besides wearing the AFO for successive three months. The second study group B received the regular physical therapy program besides wearing the GRAFO for successive 3 months. All childrens' balance was evaluated before starting the treatment program and after 3 months by using the Biodex balance system (anteroposterior and mediolateral stability indices). Results: There were significant improvement of all stability indices in both groups (P < 0.05), with significant difference between groups when comparing post-treatment mean values of the measured indices in favor to study group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The GRAFO achieved more balance control in children with spastic diplegic CP compared with solid AFO.
Ontogenetic variation in the crocodylian vestibular system

Crocodylians today live in tropical to subtropical environments, occupying mostly shallow waters. Their body size changes drastically during ontogeny, as do their skull dimensions and bite forces, which are associated with changes in prey preferences. Endocranial neurosensory structures have also shown to change ontogenetically, but less is known about the vestibular system of the inner ear. Here we use 30 high‐resolution computed tomography (CT) scans and three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics to investigate the size and shape changes of crocodylian endosseous labyrinths throughout ontogeny, across four stages (hatchling, juvenile, subadult and adult). We find two major patterns of ontogenetic change. First, the labyrinth increases in size during ontogeny, with negative allometry in relation to skull size. Second, labyrinth shape changes significantly, with hatchlings having shorter semicircular canal radii, with thicker diameters and an overall dorsoventrally shorter labyrinth than those of more mature individuals. We argue that the modification of the labyrinth during crocodylian ontogeny is related to constraints imposed by skull growth, due to fundamental changes in the crocodylian braincase during ontogeny (e.g. verticalisation of the basicranium), rather than changes in locomotion, diet, or other biological functions or behaviours.
Electrothermal Analysis of Low- and Medium-voltage Cable Joints

Abstract In this article, an analytical method to calculate the steady-state temperature distribution along the joint of a three-phase distribution cable is presented. The results of this method are compared with those obtained by an experimental study and by the finite-element method. It is found that the results of the analytical method are in good agreement with those obtained by an experimental study and by the finite-element method. The effects of connector dimensions as well as the effect of the ambient temperature and cable load current on the maximum temperature of the joint are discussed in detail. From the present analysis, it is found that the increasing of the connector length is more effective than the connector thickness in the reduction of the maximum temperature of conductor inside the joint.
IMB5036 inhibits human pancreatic cancer growth primarily through activating necroptosis

IMB5036 is a novel pyridazinone compound with potent cytotoxicity. In this study, we reported its antitumour activity against pancreatic cancer and the underlying mechanism. We found that IMB5036 induced rapid cell swelling and increased membrane permeability in pancreatic cancer cells. IMB5036 increased the ratio of PI+ cells, which could be rescued by necroptosis inhibitor. Furthermore, MLKL inhibitor NSA attenuated the killing effect of IMB5036 on pancreatic cancer cells. IMB5036 stimulated translocation of MLKL and p‐MLKL from cytoplasm to cell membrane. IMB5036 upregulated the level of p‐RIPK1, p‐RIPK3, and p‐MLKL. At the same time, IMB5036 also partially activated apoptosis and pyroptosis. IMB5036 inhibited tumour growth in pancreatic xenograft. IMB5036 induced larger necrosis area, increased p‐MLKL level, and inhibited Ki67 expression in tumour mass. The study indicates that IMB5036 inhibits human pancreatic cancer growth primarily activating necroptosis.
Characterization of different forms of kava (Piper methysticum) products by UPLC-MS/MS

There are several forms of kava (Piper methysticum) products available for human consumption, and many factors are known to influence their chemical compositions and therefore their pharmacological properties. Because of the increased popularity of kava intake, a rigorous characterization of their content diversity is prerequisite, particularly due to its known potential to cause hepatotoxicity. To understand the composition diversity of kavalactones and flavokavains in commercial kava products, we developed a UPLC-MS/MS-based analytical method for the quantification of six kavalactones (kavain, dihydrokavain, methysticin, dihydromethysticin, yangonin and desmethoxyyangonin) and two flavokavains (flavokavains A and B) and analyzed their contents in 28 different kava products in the form of capsules, tinctures, traditional aqueous suspensions and dried powders. Our results demonstrated a great variation in terms of the total and relative abundance of the analyzed kavalactones and flavokavains among the analyzed kava preparations. More importantly, the kavalactone abundance in the product label could differ up to 90% from our experimental measurements. Therefore, more rigorous and comprehensive quality control of kava products is required with respect to the content of individual kavalactones and flavokavains. Accurate content information is essential to understand the pharmacological properties and safety of different kava products.
Development of Defect Detection Algorithm in Cellular Denitration Catalyst

Denitration catalyst defect detection based on image processing plays a vital role in automated inspection of product quality. In this paper, we propose a defect detection algorithm based on image processing to inspect the cellular denitration catalyst. In pre-processing, Hough transform, morphological processing and connected component labeling are used to find the defect location. In the process of defect categories recognition, the Hu moments combined with geometrical features are used. Besides, support vector machine classifier is trained to detect the defect categories. The proposed algorithm shows high defect recognition accuracy achieving 96% overall.
Open waste burning contrary to other air pollution-related perceptions and practices in Pokhara, Nepal

Abstract A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Pokhara, Nepal between February 3 and 12, 2018 to determine whether air pollution-related perceptions led to a reduction in open burning of waste. Of the 394 people interviewed, 58.3% expressed their concerns about health risks due to air quality. Multiple logistic regression identified that perceived health risk (AOR, 5.70; 95% CI, 3.44–9.45) was a significant predictor of refraining from actions that increase air pollution. While 90.6% of people used trash lorry to dispose domestic waste, 40.6% treated domestic waste by open burning. Unexpectedly, a high level of perceived health risks (AOR 1.72; 95% CI, 1.02–2.91), a high rated contribution of open waste burning to air pollution (AOR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.06–2.78), and frequent refraining from actions that increase air pollution (AOR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.08–2.94) were significant predictors of frequent open waste burning. The results implied urgent need for improvement in waste collection efficiency and raising awareness of health risks of open waste burning.
Motion sickness: current concepts and management

Purpose of review Motion sickness is an ancient phenomenon that affects many people. Nausea, vomiting, disorientation, sweating, fatigue, and headache are just few of the many signs and symptoms that are commonly experienced during an episode of motion sickness. In the present review, we will provide an overview of the current research trends and topics in the domain of motion sickness, including theoretical considerations, physiological and neural mechanisms, individual risk factors, and treatment options, as well as recommendations for future research directions. Recent findings More recently, motion sickness has been in the focus of attention in the context of two global technological trends, namely automated vehicles and virtual reality. Both technologies bear the potential to revolutionize our daily lives in many ways; however, motion sickness is considered a serious concern that threatens their success and acceptance. The majority of recent research on motion sickness focuses on one of these two areas. Summary Aside from medication (e.g. antimuscarinics, antihistamines), habituation remains the most effective nonpharmacological method to reduce motion sickness. A variety of novel techniques has been investigated with promising results, but an efficient method to reliably prevent or minimize motion sickness has yet to emerge.
A heuristic model for cephalometric diagnosis of sagittal dysplasia

Objective: To identify the best-suited cephalometric parameter for assessing the sagittal skeletal discrepancy in the Indian population. Design: An in vitro, observational, single-blinded, retrospective study. Setting: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics. Methods: A total of 94 lateral cephalograms were used in this study. The study involved one key person and two examiners. The key person collected the radiographs, coded, analysed and classified them into three groups (skeletal classes I, II and III). Subsequently, the coded radiographs were independently analysed by the two examiners. They classified the cases by matching a minimum of 6 out of 11 parameters. On completion of diagnosis by the examiners, the samples were decoded and matched with the original diagnosis given by the key person. The samples in which identification of a particular cephalometric parameter matched the original evaluation as given by the key person was regarded as correctly diagnosed. The number of correctly assessed cases was used to judge the diagnostic performance of all the parameters in all the cases. Cross-validation of the method was performed, and a diagnostic algorithm was developed for diagnosis. Results: β angle and Pi angle showed a positive predictive value of 1 in both skeletal class I and II cases. ANB angle, W angle and HBN angle showed a positive predictive value of 1 in skeletal class III cases. Conclusion: No single cephalometric parameter can independently be used to diagnose sagittal skeletal discrepancy in all cases. However, a conclusive diagnosis on the type of sagittal skeletal malocclusion can be made by using a simple and easy to use diagnostic algorithmic process having a combination of cephalometric parameters.
Semantically Congruent Bimodal Presentation with Divided-Modality Attention Accelerates Unisensory Working Memory Retrieval

Although previous studies have shown that semantic multisensory integration can be differentially modulated by attention focus, it remains unclear whether attentionally mediated multisensory perceptual facilitation could impact further cognitive performance. Using a delayed matching-to-sample paradigm, the present study investigated the effect of semantically congruent bimodal presentation on subsequent unisensory working memory (WM) performance by manipulating attention focus. The results showed that unisensory WM retrieval was faster in the semantically congruent condition than in the incongruent multisensory encoding condition. However, such a result was only found in the divided-modality attention condition. This result indicates that a robust multisensory representation was constructed during semantically congruent multisensory encoding with divided-modality attention; this representation then accelerated unisensory WM performance, especially auditory WM retrieval. Additionally, an overall faster unisensory WM retrieval was observed under the modality-specific selective attention condition compared with the divided-modality condition, indicating that the division of attention to address two modalities demanded more central executive resources to encode and integrate crossmodal information and to maintain a constructed multisensory representation, leaving few resources for WM retrieval. Additionally, the present finding may support the amodal view that WM has an amodal central storage component that is used to maintain modal-based attention-optimized multisensory representations.
Mechanism of FIB-Induced Phase Transformation in Austenitic Steel

Abstract The transformation of unstable austenite to ferrite or α′ martensite as a result of exposure to Xe+ or Ga+ ions at room temperature was studied in a 304 stainless steel casting alloy. Controlled Xe+ and Ga+ ion beam exposures of the 304 were carried out at a variety of beam/sample geometries. It was found that both Ga+ and Xe+ ion irradiation resulted in the transformation of the austenite to either ferrite or α′ martensite. In this paper, we will refer to the transformation product as a BCC phase. The crystallographic orientation of the transformed area was controlled by the orientation of the austenite grain and was consistent with either the Nishiyama–Wasserman or the Kurdjumov–Sachs orientation relationships. On the basis of the Xe+ and Ga+ ion beam exposures, the transformation is not controlled by the chemical stabilization of the BCC phase by the ion species, but is a result of the disorder caused by the ion-induced recoil motion and subsequent return of the disordered region to a more energetically favorable phase.
Mitigating Excessive Idling of Transit Buses

In recent years much media attention has been paid to research developments related to three types of diesel vehicles: school buses, long-haul trucks, and transit buses. Transit bus emissions studies often gain attention because the public wants to know whether transit agencies are spending public dollars efficiently and with concern for public health. The public health and environmental effects of transit bus idling and strategies to mitigate idling practices need to be understood. Most transit bus idling is considered nondiscretionary and occurs while a bus is stuck in traffic or making a stop along its route. However, in some scenarios transit buses idle unnecessarily. Although many solutions exist to limit idling, these solutions have not garnered much interest from transit agencies, researchers, or lawmakers. This paper will review the causes and effects of transit bus idling and examine the potential costs and benefits of using idling reduction technologies and policies on the bus fleet of a large metropolitan transit agency in the Midwest to limit fuel consumption and emissions. The paper is organized as follows: Economic, environmental, and health effects of diesel emissions are discussed in the introductory section, as is current anti-idling public policy. The research methodology is described, and causes of excessive bus idling at the Chicago Transit Authority in Illinois are discussed, as are potential solutions. Idling reduction technologies are examined to determine which provides the greatest economic and environmental benefit for the lowest cost. The paper concludes with specific recommendations for the Chicago Transit Authority.
Relationship of sleep duration and annual changes in sleep duration with the incidence of gastrointestinal cancers: a prospective cohort study

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Background: Prospective analyses have yet to identify a consistent relationship between sleep duration and the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. The effect of changes in sleep duration on GI cancer incidence has scarcely been studied. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between baseline sleep duration and annual changes in sleep duration and GI cancer risk in a large population-based cohort study. Methods: A total of 123,495 participants with baseline information and 83,511 participants with annual changes in sleep duration information were prospectively observed from 2006 to 2015 for cancer incidence. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and their confidence intervals (CIs) for GI cancers according to sleep duration and annual changes in sleep duration. Results: In baseline sleep duration analyses, short sleep duration (≤5 h) was significantly associated with a lower risk of GI cancer in females (HR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.10–0.90), and a linear relationship between baseline sleep duration and GI cancer was observed (P = 0.010), especially in males and in the >50-year-old group. In the annual changes in sleep duration analyses, with stable category (0 to −15 min/year) as the control group, decreased sleep duration (≤−15 min/year) was significantly associated with the development of GI cancer (HR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.04–1.61), especially in the >50-year-old group (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.01–1.71), and increased sleep duration (>0 min/year) was significantly associated with GI cancer in females (HR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.14–7.30). Conclusions: Both sleep duration and annual changes in sleep duration were associated with the incidence of GI cancer.
Histological assessment of liver and stomach damage caused by pyridazinone derivative antidepressant agents

ABSTRACT Depression is a serious psychological disorder that affects a significant population. We investigated the antidepressant activities of four pyridazinone derivatives that contain the hydrazide moiety using the forced swimming test (FST). The compounds tested exhibited good antidepressant activity compared to duloxetine. The most promising compound was compound 2, which reduced the duration of immobility during FST. The toxic effects of the four compounds on the histomorphology of the liver and stomach tissue also was evaluated.
Chronic spinal epidural abscess in a cat: a case report with an unusual imaging finding

A 1-year-old domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for a chronic history of back pain, dysuria, and paraplegia. Radiographic and computed tomographic examinations showed circumferential widening of the vertebral canal at T13 and T14. A spinal epidural abscess (SEA) compressing the spinal cord from the level of T11 to L1 was suspected following intravenous contrast administration, and was confirmed by surgical exploration and histopathological analysis. The cat recovered its motor and bladder functions following surgical decompression and antibiotic therapy. SEA is a neurological emergency requiring prompt treatment. However, the present case had a prolonged disease course and pressure atrophy of the vertebrae was strongly suspected. To our knowledge, this imaging finding has not been reported in dogs or cats with SEA.