Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential Mechanism of Herb-Drug Interaction Mediated by Angelica dahurica: Inhibition on CYP3A Enzymes in Rats

Angelica dahurica is commonly referred to as ‘Baizhi’ in China and has been noted for its therapeutic significance. The major active ingredients of Angelica dahurica is coumarin, which is reported as a kind of potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450s). The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition of CYP3A enzymes by total coumarin extract (TCE) obtained from dried root of Angelica dahurica by using in situ single pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) and in situ liver perfusion in rats. When midazolam (MDZ) which is a substrate of CYP3A co-perfused with TCE (198 μg/mL) from Baizhi in duodenum and ileum segments, the Peff of MDZ has increased significantly compared with the MDZ single perfused group (p 0.05) (n = 6). During in situ liver perfusion study, the results demonstrated that, 3 days oral administration of TCE obtained from Baizhi could significantly reduce the elimination rate of MDZ in the perfusate (p Angelica dahurica extract co-administrated with drugs which are the substrates of CYP3A, much more attention should be paid rather than that of other CYP450 enzymes. These findings may facilitate in predicting possible herb-drug interactions (HDIs) when Angelica dahurica is used in combination with other drugs, and decrease the incidence of the CYP450-mediated HDIs.
Injection rates for neuroangiography: results of a survey.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Injection rates have attracted scrutiny because of an incident of an aneurysm rupturing during arteriography. We sought to determine the current injection rates for neuroangiography in the setting of aneurysm evaluation. METHODS An e-mail survey was distributed to 90 neuroradiology program directors within the United States and Canada. The injection rates and total volumes of contrast material injected for the common carotid, internal carotid, and vertebral arteries were provided for an "average" adult individual evaluated for intracranial aneurysms. RESULTS Sixty-three (70.0%) program directors replied to the survey. Of these, five perform hand injections only and provided approximate values. The mean injection rates (SD) and total volumes (SD) for common carotid arteries were 7.2 cm(3)/s (1.8) and 9.9 cm(3) (2.0), respectively; for internal carotid arteries, 5.8 cm(3)/s (1.4) and 7.9 cm(3) (1.5); and for vertebral arteries, 5.4 cm(3)/s (1.2) and 7.8 cm(3) (1.7). The modes (rate/total) for the common carotid, internal carotid, and vertebral arteries were 7/12, 6/8, and 5/8, respectively. Forty-eight (81.4%) of 59 respondents did not believe a reduction in current injection rates would lead to a diminution in complications of arteriography. CONCLUSION The rates of injection of contrast material in the United States for neuroradiologic studies show great variability. It does not seem that reducing arteriographic complications is an impetus to reduce injection rates. The values in this survey can provide "industry norms" for injections in the common carotid, internal carotid, and vertebral arteries if these rates are challenged.
Missense Mutations Linked to Friedreich Ataxia Have Different but Synergistic Effects on Mitochondrial Frataxin Isoforms*

Background: Missense mutations in frataxin contribute to Friedreich ataxia pathophysiology with undefined mechanisms. Results: Clinically aggressive mutations variably affect stability, biogenesis, or catalytic activity of two mitochondrial frataxin isoforms. Conclusion: A single point mutation may lead to destabilization or inactivation of multiple frataxin isoforms. Significance: The clinical severity of frataxin mutations reflects complex deleterious effects that synergistically lead to global loss of functional frataxin. Friedreich ataxia is an early-onset multisystemic disease linked to a variety of molecular defects in the nuclear gene FRDA. This gene normally encodes the iron-binding protein frataxin (FXN), which is critical for mitochondrial iron metabolism, global cellular iron homeostasis, and antioxidant protection. In most Friedreich ataxia patients, a large GAA-repeat expansion is present within the first intron of both FRDA alleles, that results in transcriptional silencing ultimately leading to insufficient levels of FXN protein in the mitochondrial matrix and probably other cellular compartments. The lack of FXN in turn impairs incorporation of iron into iron-sulfur cluster and heme cofactors, causing widespread enzymatic deficits and oxidative damage catalyzed by excess labile iron. In a minority of patients, a typical GAA expansion is present in only one FRDA allele, whereas a missense mutation is found in the other allele. Although it is known that the disease course for these patients can be as severe as for patients with two expanded FRDA alleles, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not understood. Human cells normally contain two major mitochondrial isoforms of FXN (FXN42–210 and FXN81–210) that have different biochemical properties and functional roles. Using cell-free systems and different cellular models, we show that two of the most clinically severe FXN point mutations, I154F and W155R, have unique direct and indirect effects on the stability, biogenesis, or catalytic activity of FXN42–210 and FXN81–210 under physiological conditions. Our data indicate that frataxin point mutations have complex biochemical effects that synergistically contribute to the pathophysiology of Friedreich ataxia.
Influence of postzygotic reproductive isolation on the interspecific transmission of the paternal sex ratio chromosome in Trichogramma

The paternal sex ratio (PSR) chromosome is a supernumerary chromosome that causes the destruction of the paternal chromosome set in the first mitosis in a fertilized egg. It is known from parasitoid wasps in the genera Nasonia and Trichogramma (Hymenoptera). In these haplodiploids, the egg fertilized by sperm carrying PSR matures as a haploid male that again carries, and is capable of transmitting, the PSR chromosome. Because of its unique transmission behavior, the PSR chromosome may be easily transmitted between species. This study tests whether the interspecific transmission of PSR between Trichogramma kaykai Pinto and Stouthamer and Trichogramma deion Pinto and Oatman (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is affected by two types of postzygotic reproductive isolation, i.e., hybrid inviability and hybrid sterility. The results show that PSR can rescue fertilized eggs that would normally be inviable in the interspecific cross and the rescued eggs develop into male offspring that carry PSR. The results suggest that the two types of postzygotic reproductive isolation have no effect on the transmission of PSR between the two Trichogramma species.
Research on the detection system for impact energy of pneumatic drill based on stress wave technique

The impact energy is very important as a performance parameter for pneumatic drill to optimize structure and improve performance. The method to detect impact energy of pneumatic drill with stress wave technology is used widely. According to the one dimension wave method, the working process of pneumatic drill is a process of energy transmission and conversion which in the form of stress wave, and the impact energy could be obtained accurately by detecting the stress wave through any point in the drill rod when piston collides drill rod. In which, the collecting and processing of waveform data is the key technology. In this paper, the theoretical foundation of stress wave technology is analyzed by using one dimension wave theory. According to this theory, the detection system for impact energy of pneumatic drill is designed and developed by using advanced micro computer measuring technology which based on electronic and computer technology. This system consists of calibration device, energy-absorbing device, signal collecting and processing system and PC control software. The calibration device and the energy absorbing device are used in getting calibration factor and reducing the influence of reflected wave respectively and they could meet the relevant requirements of GB5621-2008. The signal collecting and processing system is the most important part of the whole design and the stm32 single ship microcomputer with UCOSII micro operating system is used as control center of it to control the data collecting and processing. The PC control software written by VB could realize the interaction of human and this system. Under the standard experiment condition: atmosphere pressure is 101kPa, the temperature is 16 °C, the pressure of compression air is 0.4MPa. , the impact energy of a Kaishan YO18 pneumatic drill is tested by using this system which developed by ourselves, and the stress waveform, the impact energy and impact frequency could be obtained and which indicate this system could collect the stress wave on the drill rod efficiently and calculate the values of impact energy and impact frequency. All of the experimental results could meets the factory index of this machine and the reliability of this system could be proven.
A novel approach for tuberculosis screening based on deep convolutional neural networks

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major global health threats especially in developing countries. Although newly diagnosed TB patients can be recovered with high cure rate, many curable TB patients in the developing countries are obliged to die because of delayed diagnosis, partly by the lack of radiography and radiologists. Therefore, developing a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for TB screening can contribute to early diagnosis of TB, which results in prevention of deaths from TB. Currently, most CAD algorithms adopt carefully designed morphological features distinguishing different lesion types to improve screening performances. However, such engineered features cannot be guaranteed to be the best descriptors for TB screening. Deep learning has become a majority in machine learning society. Especially in computer vision fields, it has been verified that deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) is a very promising algorithm for various visual tasks. Since deep CNN enables end-to-end training from feature extraction to classification, it does not require objective-specific manual feature engineering. In this work, we designed CAD system based on deep CNN for automatic TB screening. Based on large-scale chest X-rays (CXRs), we achieved viable TB screening performance of 0.96, 0.93 and 0.88 in terms of AUC for three real field datasets, respectively, by exploiting the effect of transfer learning.
Tactile capture of auditory localization: an event‐related potential study

The well‐known ventriloquist illusion arises when sounds are mislocalized towards a synchronous but spatially discrepant visual stimulus, and a similar effect of touch on audition has also been reported. By manipulating hand position, we recently demonstrated that this audiotactile ventriloquism effect predominantly operates in an external coordinate system. Using event‐related potentials, the present study investigated the neural correlates of this audiotactile ventriloquism effect. Participants reported the perceived location of brief auditory stimuli that were presented either alone or with concurrent tactile stimuli to the fingertips, which were situated at the left and right side of the speaker array. Concurrent electroencephalogram recordings suggested a biasing of cortical activity by the tactile stimuli, which was only observed for trials in which a ventriloquist illusion was elicited. Irrespective of the physical location of the sound source in the bimodal trials, centrally perceived sounds elicited an enhanced centrally distributed negativity, compared to laterally perceived sounds, between 260 and 400 ms following stimulus onset, similar to unimodal auditory stimuli that were actually presented from central and lateral positions, respectively. Moreover, this effect was modulated by hand posture. When external and anatomically centred reference frames were in conflict, the event‐related potential effect was reduced for small audiotactile spatial discrepancies, which corresponded to the behavioural finding of a reduced audiotactile ventriloquism effect compared to a parallel hand posture. The present data suggest that the cortical representation of auditory space is adjusted to coincide with spatially disparate tactile input.
Uses for JNK: the Many and Varied Substrates of the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinases

SUMMARY The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are members of a larger group of serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinases from the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. JNKs were originally identified as stress-activated protein kinases in the livers of cycloheximide-challenged rats. Their subsequent purification, cloning, and naming as JNKs have emphasized their ability to phosphorylate and activate the transcription factor c-Jun. Studies of c-Jun and related transcription factor substrates have provided clues about both the preferred substrate phosphorylation sequences and additional docking domains recognized by JNK. There are now more than 50 proteins shown to be substrates for JNK. These include a range of nuclear substrates, including transcription factors and nuclear hormone receptors, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K, and the Pol I-specific transcription factor TIF-IA, which regulates ribosome synthesis. Many nonnuclear substrates have also been characterized, and these are involved in protein degradation (e.g., the E3 ligase Itch), signal transduction (e.g., adaptor and scaffold proteins and protein kinases), apoptotic cell death (e.g., mitochondrial Bcl2 family members), and cell movement (e.g., paxillin, DCX, microtubule-associated proteins, the stathmin family member SCG10, and the intermediate filament protein keratin 8). The range of JNK actions in the cell is therefore likely to be complex. Further characterization of the substrates of JNK should provide clearer explanations of the intracellular actions of the JNKs and may allow new avenues for targeting the JNK pathways with therapeutic agents downstream of JNK itself.
Kepstrum analysis and real-time application to noise cancellation

This paper provides analysis of kepstrum (known elsewhere as complex cepstrum) and its real-time application to noise cancellation. The method uses kepstrum estimation for identification of the ratio of acoustic path transfer functions between two microphones and efficient processing technique for real-time processing. It is applied to the front-end of speech enhancement method, the Griffiths and Jim beamformer. The experiments are processed in real-time by software implementation in LabVIEW. It will be shown that the front-end kepstrum approach effectively cancels echoes and hence reverberation in a noisy environment. For a real-time application, the computational complexity on kepstrum processing has also been investigated and compared with NLMS algorithm of adaptive filter.
Cancer incidence of dry cleaning, laundry and ironing workers in Sweden.

OBJECTIVES This study investigated the risk of cancer among dry cleaners, launderers, and pressers in a large record-linkage study in Sweden. METHODS The Swedish Cancer Register III contains nationwide data on cancer incidence between 1971 and 1989, by occupation and industry of employment, as reported in the 1960 and 1970 censuses. Dry cleaners, launderers, and pressers were compared with the remaining part of the employed population using multivariable Poisson regression models and standardized incidence ratios. RESULTS Dry cleaners, launderers, and pressers employed in the laundry, ironing, or dyeing industry in both censuses showed an increased risk of Hodgkin's disease [relative risk (RR) 2.69,95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.01-7.19], an elevated risk of leukemia among women (RR 2.53,95% CI 1.44-4.46), and increased risks of stomach (RR 1.80,95% CI 1.05-3.11) and laryngeal (RR 2.42, 95% CI 0.91-6.45) cancers among men. The results of the analyses of launderers and dry cleaners as a separate occupational group reflected those of the whole exposure group, while pressers showed an elevated lung cancer risk (RR 1.67, 95% CI 0.75-3.72). CONCLUSIONS If they are not due to chance or confounding, the results of this study reflect either the potentiation of other carcinogens by solvents or direct effects. The results are limited by the use of job and industry titles as proxies for occupational exposures.
Performance analysis of a class of transient detection algorithms-a unified framework

The detection of short-duration nonstationary signals, which are commonly referred to as transients, is often performed in the time-frequency-transform domain. An analytical framework within which the performance of different detectors based on linear transforms can be easily compared, for different classes of signals, is developed. A given class of transients is modeled as a signal existing in a linear subspace, plus a mismatch signal. Closed-form expressions are derived for the best and the worst detection performance for all possible transients in a given class. Using this framework, the performance of detectors based on the Gabor transform and on the short-time Fourier transform is evaluated and compared. >
Macrophage inhibiting activity in serum and central lymph of Listeria‐immune mice

Serum and central lymph from mice immunized with live Listeria monocytogenes six days previously and boostered four hours before collection exerted significant inhibition of macrophage migration in vitro. It is concluded that lymphokines or lymphokine‐like products of the cellular immune reaction are released in vivo and are possibly instrumental in the generation of acquired cellular antibacterial immunity.
Clinical Characteristics and Service Needs of Alternate-Level-of-Care Patients Waiting for Long-Term Care in Ontario Hospitals.

BACKGROUND Alternate-level-of-care (ALC) patients waiting for admission to long-term care (LTC) in Ontario hospitals are an important subgroup of ALC patients. Understanding the characteristics of ALC patients waiting for LTC can identify opportunities for alternative discharge options. METHODS Characteristics from a sample of 13,915 ALC patients waiting for LTC in acute and complex hospitals were analyzed and compared to those from a sample of 113,046 long-stay home care clients in Ontario. Population-level data were obtained using Ontario's RAI-HC database for the period January 2007 to September 2008. FINDINGS Relative to older long-stay home care clients, ALC patients waiting for LTC admission have more functional impairment and complex health needs. A combination of targeted transitional care and more resource-intensive home care services are needed to successfully address ALC patients' care needs in the community. CONCLUSIONS A substantial portion of ALC patients waiting for LTC placement in acute and complex care hospitals may be more appropriately cared for in community settings if adequate community-centred resources are put in place.
Using data mining on student behavior and cognitive style data for improving e-learning systems: a case study

Abstract In this research we applied classification models for prediction of students’ performance, and cluster models for grouping students based on their cognitive styles in e-learning environment. Classification models described in this paper should help: teachers, students and business people, for early engaging with students who are likely to become excellent on a selected topic. Clustering students based on cognitive styles and their overall performance should enable better adaption of the learning materials with respect to their learning styles. The approach is tested using well-established data mining algorithms, and evaluated by several evaluation measures. Model building process included data preprocessing, parameter optimization and attribute selection steps, which enhanced the overall performance. Additionally we propose a Moodle module that allows automatic extraction of data needed for educational data mining analysis and deploys models developed in this study.
Process noise parameters of beamforming nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs)

Signals from collaborative beamforming (CB) nodes are always arriving out of phase at the intended receiver due to unsynchronized clock frequencies of different oscillators of these nodes. Beamforming nodes have to synchronize their carrier frequencies in order to eliminate any phase offset of the received signal. To do this, estimation, correction and prediction of phase offsets due largely to these drifts needs be carried out on Software Defined-Radio (SDR) while employing non-linear filters like the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) so as to obtain a near zero (0) phase offset. This paper presents a method of computing the NI USRP-2920 process noise parameters of the phase noise (dBc/Hz) data obtained with keysight N9320B spectrum analyzer (SA). The effects of phase offset measurements at various offset frequencies of the carrier are shown. Power-law noise model is applied to compute the Allan variance and later the process noise parameters that will be applied with the EKF. It will be noticed that the Allan variance curve truly depicts the standard slope characteristics of white frequency and random walk frequency noises which are special considerations when dealing with USRP's oscillators.
Simple reference current source insensitive to power supply voltage variation - improved Minoru Nagata current source

This paper describes design improvement of the constant current source (peaking current mirror), originally invented by Nagata Minoru in 1966. Our improved current mirror circuits with MOS and Bipolar are insensitive to wide range of power supply voltage variation; they are realized by addition of multiple current peaks. We show their circuit topologies, operations and simulation results. The proposed reference current circuits are simple, small yet well-insensitive to power supply voltage variations, and hence they can be widely used in analog ICs.
Technique for False Image Correction in Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy by Modulating Laser Polarization

Second harmonic generation microscopy (SHGM) has been widely used in biomedicine as a promising non-invasive imaging technique. However, due to the complexity of biological samples, false images are often produced depending on sample orientation relative to laser polarization and on sample parameter related to the second-order optical nonlinear susceptibility. In this work, we present a convenient SHG technique to correct the false images by modulating laser polarization and stitching complementary images together, the stitched image will contain more detailed information and will better represent the sample structures. We first describe our SHG technique with a brief mathematical model, and then show its validity by performing it on two kind of samples: symmetrically synthesized bio-origin polymer poly(3-hyroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) and fibrillar collagen of rat-tail tendon.
On the Social Nature of Linguistic Prescriptions

Abstract The paper proposes an empirical method to investigate linguistic prescriptions as inherent corrective behaviors. The behaviors in question may but need not necessarily be supported by any explicit knowledge of rules. It is possible to gain insight into them, for example by extracting information about corrections from revision histories of texts (or by analyzing speech corpora where users correct themselves or one another). One easily available source of such information is the revision history of Wikipedia. As is shown, the most frequent and short corrections are limited to linguistic errors such as typos (and editorial conventions adopted in Wikipedia). By perusing an automatically generated revision corpus, one gains insight into the prescriptive nature of language empirically. At the same time, the prescriptions offered are not reducible to descriptions of the most frequent linguistic use.