Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing High-b-Value Diffusion-weighted Imaging of the Prostate Using Generative Adversarial Networks.

Purpose To develop and evaluate a diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) deep learning framework based on the generative adversarial network (GAN) to generate synthetic high-b-value (b =1500 sec/mm2) DWI (SYNb1500) sets from acquired standard-b-value (b = 800 sec/mm2) DWI (ACQb800) and acquired standard-b-value (b = 1000 sec/mm2) DWI (ACQb1000) sets. Materials and Methods This retrospective multicenter study included 395 patients who underwent prostate multiparametric MRI. This cohort was split into internal training (96 patients) and external testing (299 patients) datasets. To create SYNb1500 sets from ACQb800 and ACQb1000 sets, a deep learning model based on GAN (M0) was developed by using the internal dataset. M0 was trained and compared with a conventional model based on the cycle GAN (Mcyc). M0 was further optimized by using denoising and edge-enhancement techniques (optimized version of the M0 [Opt-M0]). The SYNb1500 sets were synthesized by using the M0 and the Opt-M0 were synthesized by using ACQb800 and ACQb1000 sets from the external testing dataset. For comparison, traditional calculated (b =1500 sec/mm2) DWI (CALb1500) sets were also obtained. Reader ratings for image quality and prostate cancer detection were performed on the acquired high-b-value (b = 1500 sec/mm2) DWI (ACQb1500), CALb1500, and SYNb1500 sets and the SYNb1500 set generated by the Opt-M0 (Opt-SYNb1500). Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare the readers' scores. A multiple-reader multiple-case receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare the diagnostic utility of each DWI set. Results When compared with the Mcyc, the M0 yielded a lower mean squared difference and higher mean scores for the peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity, and feature similarity (P < .001 for all). Opt-SYNb1500 resulted in significantly better image quality (P ≤ .001 for all) and a higher mean area under the curve than ACQb1500 and CALb1500 (P ≤ .042 for all). Conclusion A deep learning framework based on GAN is a promising method to synthesize realistic high-b-value DWI sets with good image quality and accuracy in prostate cancer detection.Keywords: Prostate Cancer, Abdomen/GI, Diffusion-weighted Imaging, Deep Learning Framework, High b Value, Generative Adversarial Networks© RSNA, 2021 Supplemental material is available for this article.
Maximum convergence algorithm for WiFi based indoor positioning system

WiFi-based indoor positioning is widely exploited thanks to the existing WiFi infrastructure in buildings and built-in sensors in smartphones. The techniques for indoor positioning require the high-density training data to archive high accuracy with high computation complexity. In this paper, the approach for indoor positioning systems which is called the maximum convergence algorithm is proposed to find the accurate location by the strongest receiver signal in the small cluster and K nearest neighbours (KNN) of other clusters. Also, the K-mean clustering is deployed for each access point to reduce the computation complexity of the offline databases. Moreover, the pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) method and Kalman filter with the information from the received signal strength (RSS) and inertial sensors are applied to the WiFi fingerprinting to increase the efficiency of the mobile object's position. The different experiments are performed to compare the proposed algorithm with the others using KNN and PDR. The recommended framework demonstrates significant proceed based on the results. The average precision of this system can be lower than 1.02 meters when testing in the laboratory environment with an area of 7x7 m using three access points.
The q–q Boxplot

Abstract Boxplots have become an extremely popular display of distribution summaries for collections of data, especially when we need to visualize summaries for several collections simultaneously. The whiskers in the boxplot show only the extent of the tails for most of the data (with outside values denoted separately); more detailed information about the shape of the tails, such as skewness and “weight” relative to a standard reference distribution, is much better displayed via quantile–quantile (q-q) plots. We incorporate the q-q plot’s tail information into the traditional boxplot by replacing the boxplot’s whiskers with the tails from a q-q plot, and display these tails with confidence bands for the tails that would be expected from the tails of the reference distribution. We describe the construction of the “q-q boxplot” and demonstrate its advantages over earlier proposed boxplot modifications on data from economics and neuroscience, which illustrate the q-q boxplots’ effectiveness in showing important tail behavior especially for large datasets. The package qqboxplot (an extension to the ggplot2 package) is available for the R programming language. Supplementary files for this article are available online.
Revelation, Economics and Sex: The Bible and Sex Work in South Africa

Abstract The setting for this article is the ongoing debate about the legality of sex work in South Africa, which received renewed attention when the African National Congress as ruling party passed a resolution in 2017 to decriminalise sex work. In the Global South in particular, entanglements between gender, sexuality and economics are most pronounced in sex work. In South Africa, desperate socio-economic inequalities, alienating gender patterns, and distrusted sexualities are interrelated and interspersed with explicit and subtle appeals to the Bible. It is proposed that the book of Revelation with its rich and at times disturbing, sexualised imagery offers some contours for debates pertaining to the decriminalisation of sex work. Given the spread of Christianity in South Africa, in faith communities and through cultural impact, the popular use of the Bible and the discursive presence of Revelation with regard to sex work is understandable, revealing, and worrying, all at the same time.
A case study of wind farm effects using two wake parameterizations in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (V3.7.1) in the presence of low-level jets

Abstract. While the wind farm parameterization by Fitch et al. ( 2012 ) in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been used and evaluated frequently, the explicit wake parameterization (EWP) by Volker et al. ( 2015 ) is less well explored. The openly available high-frequency flight measurements from Barfuss et al. ( 2019 a ) provide an opportunity to directly compare the simulation results from the EWP and Fitch scheme with in situ measurements. In doing so, this study aims to complement the recent study by Siedersleben et al. ( 2020 ) by (1) comparing the EWP and Fitch schemes in terms of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and velocity deficit, together with FINO 1 measurements and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, and (2) exploring the interactions of the wind farm with low-level jets (LLJs). This is done using a bug-fixed WRF version that includes the correct TKE advection, following Archer et al. ( 2020 ) . Both the Fitch and the EWP schemes can capture the mean wind field in the presence of the wind farm consistently and well. TKE in the EWP scheme is significantly underestimated, suggesting that an explicit turbine-induced TKE source should be included in addition to the implicit source from shear. The value of the correction factor for turbine-induced TKE generation in the Fitch scheme has a significant impact on the simulation results. The position of the LLJ nose and the shear beneath the jet nose are modified by the presence of wind farms.
Comparison of Lab based Device and Cuff-less based Device for Efficient Heart Rate Monitoring in Normal Individuals and Heart Diseased Individuals for Extended Duration

Aim: This study was performed to validate and compare our designed cuff less device with standard heart rate monitors used in Hospitals. Materials and Methods: The Heart patient data were collected in Government PHC (Primary Healthcare Center), Navalpakkam hospital and the normal individual data were collected in Saveetha School of Engineering (SSE), Saveetha University (CLAB 404/425). Results: The means of the BPM also was found to be very similar with a minor deviation in heart rate of heart patients monitored by our cuff less device. The high insignificance assures that our device has given reading at par with commercial monitors used in the market Conclusion: Within the limits of our study our cuff-less device is as efficient as a vital sign monitor (lab based device) used in hospitals or Laboratories (one way ANOVA, P >0.05, insignificant). Key-words: Real Time, Beat Per Minute, Designed Cuff-less Device, Innovative Heart Rate Monitoring Approach, Wearable Technology.
A Literatur Review of Common Outcome in Cognitive Remediation for Schizophrenia

Background: People with schizophrenia experience a change especially in the cognitive aspect, and therefore require immediate intervention to improve their cognitive and other aspects. Cognitive remediation is a program that has been developed with promising results. Objective: to review the literature on outcomes in general from the provision of cognitive remediation in people with schizophrenia. Method: Searching relevant literature on relevant databases, i.e., Pubmed, Ebsco, Cochrane, JSTOR, and the Google Scholar search engine, using keywords: cognitive remediation, schizophrenia, therapy. Result: Taken from reviewing 21 relevant articles. Cognitive remediation affects cognitive function, functional ability and problem-solving, social skill and cognition, clinical symptoms, neural outcome, quality of life, self-esteem, and cost-utility analysis. Conclusions: Common outcomes in CRT (Cognitive Remediation Therapy) administration in people with schizophrenia have been identified. Improvement of cognitive function was defined to be the most commonly measured outcome in the study.
Comic Life and Cartoon Story Maker in Creating Short Story for Young Learners

The aims of this study is to find out TEYL students’ perception and experience in using Cartoon Story Maker and Comic Life in creating short story for young learners and to identify their obstacles and problems in using those applications. This qualitative study has been conducted in a TEYL class in one English Department in West Java. The sample of the study consisted of thirty students. Questionnaires and interviews were used as data collection techniques in this study. The questionnaires were used to collect evidence from students about their experience and perception towards the use of CSM and Comic Life in creating short story for young learners. The questionnaires used in this study focus on exploring students’ experience and perception toward the use CSM and Comic Life in creating short story for young learners, whereas interview was used to explored more the data about obstacles faced by the students in using CSM and Comic Life. The data collected from the respondents were gathered together to be analyzed using qualitative analysis of interactive models. The results of this study are TEYL students have positive perception toward the use of CSM and Comic Life in creating short story for young learners, CSM is easier and more suitable to use than Comic Life in creating story for young learners, and the obstacles faced by students are choosing appropriate template for young learners, writing text in text tool or bubble, and record the voice in audio bubble.
Situating demonstrations within contemporary agricultural advisory contexts: analysis of demonstration programmes in Europe

Purpose The paper aims to examine interactions between demonstrations at programme level and Agricultural Advisory Services (AAS). It situates analysis of the demonstration programme activities within contemporary advisory contexts, asking: how do demonstration programmes interact with the AAS in which they are situated; and what role do demonstration programmes play in enhancing and contributing to the AAS? Methodological approach Data, pertaining to organisational arrangements, were collected using interviews and workshops representing 35 demonstration programmes across Europe. Themes from the literature together with emergent themes were used to progressively unpack and understand the interaction between the programmes and the AAS. Findings Demonstration organisational arrangements show different degrees of embedding in, and adapting to, the AAS. Embedding is being incorporated into existing formalised structures and is more likely in the AAS with a low level of pluralism. Adaptation occurs through collaboration, partnership and networking and is more likely in more pluralistic AAS. Practical Implications The need to support demonstration programmes to create more stable networks, to strengthen their linking role in the AAS, and to foster strategies for the progression of farmers’ learning was identified. Theoretical implications The paper contributes to the literature by providing insights at the demonstration programme level (as opposed to farm or event level) and revealing embedded and adaptive processes with many interdependencies between the programmes and AAS components. Originality This paper opens up new perspectives on understanding how demonstrations are positioned in contemporary AAS contexts, looking at AAS influences on delivering demonstrations beyond farm and event level methods.
CHEMICAL FLOODING RECOVERY MECHANISM OF NATURAL CORES

Results of Newtonian Fluids flooding very homogeneous porous media show the displacement efficiency of the system is determined by the capillary number of the driving fluid.The experience gained from chemical flooding natural cores and reservoirs that are all micro-heterogeneous or macro-heterogeneous to some degree shows that displacement efficiency is influenced,besides capillary number,by many other factors.Newtonian Fluids do not have elastic properties;when flooding,there is no change in the wettability of the system;there is no imbibition;emulsions are not formed;and there is no alteration of the geometry of the pores.However,when chemically flooding,elasticity markedly effects the displacement efficiency;change in wettability could occur;emulsions well often show up,and from core and field tests data,emulsions significantly increases the recovery,emulsions can increase the volumetric sweep of the porous systems and markedly alter the phase permeability behavior and water cut.The wettability will change and imbibition will occur;pore geometry alteration by solution and precipitation will happen,which influences the permeability,imbibition and recovery.The above factors all markedly influence the displacement efficiency of the system,especially when many factors act jointly.The concept of ultimate and economical displacement efficiency and its effect on the selection of actual field flooding systems is analyzed(Many papers analyzeul timated is placement efficiency.however,inoilfield,usuallye conomical displacement efficiencyis more important). Besides capillary number,the above factors should be considered when developing and selecting chemicalsandfloodingsystems.The above in sights canfur the rdeepenour knowledge of the mechanism of chemical flooding,promote further research in this area and form better criteria for designing,developing,screening and selecting EOR chemicals and flooding systems in oil field.
Crystal structure of 2-ethyl-1-tert-butyl-2-((4-fluorophenyl)(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)methyl)-3-oxo-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate, C24H33FN2O7

Abstract C24H33FN2O7, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 11.0118(7) Å, b = 11.5684(7) Å, c = 11.7276(7) Å, α = 112.294(1)°, β = 100.557(1)°, γ = 105.775(2)°, V = 1259.56(13) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0411, wRref(F2) = 0.1050, T = 173 K.
The Impact of a Midlevel Dry Airflow Layer on Deep Convection in the Pre-Gabrielle (2013) Tropical Disturbance on 4–5 September

On 4–5 September 2013, a relatively shallow layer of northerly dry airflow was observed just west of the core deep convection associated with the low-level center of the pre-Gabrielle (2013) tropical disturbance. Shortly thereafter, the core deep convection of the disturbance collapsed after having persisted for well over 24 h. The present study provides an in-depth analysis of the interaction between this dry airflow layer and the pre-Gabrielle disturbance core deep convection using a combination of observations, reanalysis fields, and idealized simulations. Based on the analysis, we conclude that the dry airflow layer played an important role in the collapse of the core deep convection in the pre-Gabrielle disturbance. Furthermore, we found that the presence of storm-relative flow was critical to the inhibitive effects of the dry airflow layer on deep convection. The mechanism by which the dry airflow layer inhibited deep convection was found to be enhanced dry air entrainment.
New BFS Retrieval Technique for Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis Sensor System

In this paper, Gaussian smoothing (GS), non-local means (NLM), and Quaternion Wavelet Transform (QWT) have been described in detail. Furthermore, a Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) experimental system was built to verify the denoising algorithms. The principal and experimental analyses show that the QWT algorithm is a more efficient image denoising method. The results indicate that the GS algorithm can obtain the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), frequency uncertainty, and Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) accuracy, and can be executed in an imperceptible time, but the GS algorithm has the lowest spatial resolution. After being denoised by using NLM algorithm, although SNR, frequency uncertainty, BFS accuracy, and spatial resolution significantly improved, it takes 40 min to implement the NLM denoising algorithm for a BGS image with 200 × 100,000 points. Processed by the QWT denoising algorithm, although SNR increases to 17.26 dB and frequency uncertainty decreases to 0.24 MHz, a BFS accuracy of only 0.2 MHz can be achieved. Moreover, the spatial resolution is 3 m, which is not affected by the QWT denoising algorithm. It takes less than 32 s to denoise the same raw BGS data. The QWT image denoising technique is suitable for BGS data processing in the BOTDA sensor system.
Reaction Mechanism of Human Renin Studied by Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) Calculations

In this paper, we present the catalytic mechanism of human renin computationally investigated using an ONIOM quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methodology (B3LYP/6-31G(d):AMBER), with final energies calculated at the M06/6-311++G(2d,2p):AMBER level of theory. It was demonstrated that the full mechanism involves three sequential steps: (i) a nucleophilic attack of a water molecule on the carbonyl carbon of the scissile bond, resulting in a very stable tetrahedral gem-diol intermediate; (ii) a protonation of the peptidic bond nitrogen; and (iii) a complete breakage of the scissile bond. The activation energy barrier obtained for the angiotensinogen hydrolysis by renin was calculated as 22.0 kcal mol–1, which is consistent with the experimental value, albeit slightly larger. We have shown also that the cleavage of a mutated substrate (Val10Phe) occurs in a manner similar to that of the wild-type substrate. These results provide an understanding of the reaction catalyzed by human renin with atomis.
Prediction of Sound Scattering from Deep-Sea Targets Based on Equivalence of Directional Point Sources

A fast prediction method is proposed for calculating the sound scattering of targets in the deep-sea acoustic channel by equating the sound scattering field of a complex elastic target to the acoustic field excited by a directional point source. In deep-sea conditions, the effects of the sea surface on the impedance characteristics of the elastic target surface can be ignored. Through the finite element simulation of the acoustic scattering of the target in the free field, the sound scattering field is equated to the radiation field of a directional point source. Subsequently, the point source is placed in the channel, and the acoustic ray method is used to calculate the distribution of the scattering field. On the basis of theoretical modelling, the method of obtaining the directional point source and the influence of the sea surface on the impedance of the scattering field are analysed. Subsequently, the proposed method is compared with the finite element method in terms of computational efficiency. The result shows that the method considers the multiple complex coupling effects between the elastic structure and marine environment. The influence of the boundary is approximately negligible when the distance from the ocean boundary to the elastic structure is equal to the wavelength. The method only performs finite element coupling calculation in the free field; the amount of mesh size is greatly reduced and the calculation efficiency is significantly improved when compared with the finite element calculation in the entire channel, the. The calculation time in the example can be reduced by more than one order of magnitude. This method organically combines the near-field calculation with acoustic ray theory and it can realise the rapid calculation of the large-scale acoustic scattering field in complex marine environments.
Kinetics of Non-Enzymatic Synthesis of Dipeptide Cbz-Phe-Leu with AOT Reversed Micelles

The non-enzymatic synthesis of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine (Cbz-Phe-Leu) from lipophilic N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine (Cbz-Phe) and hydrophilic L-leucine (Leu), by N, N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a condensing agent, was carried out using a reversed micellar system composed of bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) as a surfactant and isooctane. We successfully synthesized Cbz-Phe-Leu in a short time and investigated the effects of its operational conditions, the DCC concentration, w0, and the pH on the kinetic parameters and the maximum yields. For dipeptide synthesis, we had to add an excess of DCC with the substrates because of the side reactions of Cbz-Phe. From the pH dependency of the reactivity, a partially cationic form of Leu was better for a synthesis reaction because of the enrichment of Leu at the interface by anionic AOT. The optimum water content on the dipeptide synthesis was w0 = 28 due to the competition of the peptide synthesis and the side reactions. The maximum yield of Cbz-Phe-Leu was 0.565 at 80 h under optimum experimental conditions.
Movie Score Predication Model Based on Multiple Nonlinear Regression

: In the movie industry, the ability to predict a movie ꞌ s score before its theatrical release can decrease its financial risk. However, accurate predicctions are not easily obtained. To improve the accuracy and scientificity of movie score prediction, this paper proposes a multiple nonlinear regression movie score prediction model (MSPM) in exponential form. Firstly, the influencing factors of film scoring are analyzed. A single problem is selected for the variables of the existing prediction model. This model combines the metadata variables of the film itself and the characteristic variables of film members to conduct quantitative and qualitative analysis on the factors affecting film scoring. Secondly, MSPM is established and the concept of index is introduced. In order to avoid the redundancy of explanatory variables in the MSPM model, the AIC values of the MSPM model and its five sub-models are also calculated to ensure the necessity of selecting explanatory variables. Douban data set is selected to predict movie scores. Finally, compared with linear regression model ( Y s ) and equal scale model ( Y M ), the actual movie score and predicted value were compared. The results showed that MSPM had the highest prediction effect. Experiments show that the model is effective and robust, and reveals the relationship between film scores and related variables. Real-world data confirms that the MSPM model is a timely and appropriate framework for measuring movie scores.