Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aeroelastic Study of Bistable Composite Airfoils

A bistable airfoil with the actuator system and the aerodynamic loads coupled to the structure is designed to understand the aeroelastic characteristics of the system. The bistable flap consists of a stack of six bistable prestressed buckled laminates with the plates having dimensions of 100 × 100 mm made from Hexcel 913 glass fiber. The bistable plates attached to a spar situated at 85% chord on the rotor blade. The foam tape placed between each of the plates at the trailing edge making the airfoil weather tight. The bistable plate spar is parallel to the direction of motion of the moving crosshead of the test machine. For the flap to be in equilibrium without any actuator input, the sum of the work done on the structure by the aerodynamic loads W f and the work done on the aerodynamic loads by the structure W b is zero. The modulus function shows that the work needs to be done on the structure to rotate the flap in either direction from an equilibrium point whereas the work done on the aerodynamic loads is dependant on direction.
Processing and analysis of transient resonant signal of buried object based on wavelet transform

The identification of buried objects is one of the challenging and difficult topics in the ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) domain. In this paper, the transient resonant signals from buried perfectly electrical conductors (PECs) are measured by a kind of impulse GPR system. The relationship between the transient resonance and the natural poles of the buried PEC objects is studied. The wavelet transform (WT) method is used to denoise and calculate the instantaneous parameters. The instantaneous WT power and energy spectra of transient resonant signals are calculated and analyzed. The physical mechanism of the resonance of targets is also studied by the singularity expansion method (SEM) theory. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 427–431, 2002.
Analysis of vector LP modes in VCSELs using the effective frequency method

The effective frequency method (EFM) is generalized to the case of vector analysis of LP modes in VCSELs and applied to proton-implanted and oxide-confined VCSEL structures. Resonant wavelengths and mode profiles of a number of vector LP modes are calculated for different values of active region radius. The vector EFM is shown to provide important information about the vertical and radial components of the energy flux inside the laser structure. The maximum values for 'weak' Ez and 'strong' Ex components of the electrical field within the laser structure are calculated. Their intensity ratio in the 'near-cutoff' situation is suggested as a quantitative verification of weak-guiding assumption in VCSELs, on which the derivation of the EFM was based.
Effect of Waste Engine Oil Residue on Quality and Durability of SHRP Materials Reference Library Binders

This paper discusses the effects of widely used waste engine oil (WEO) residue on asphalt binder properties. Five SHRP Materials Reference Library binders and one commercial material from Ontario, Canada, were modified with 15% WEO. Materials were aged according to a standard rolling thin film oven protocol followed by 20 and 40 h of pressure aging vessel (PAV). Binder quality was determined according to AASHTO specification M 320 as well as dynamic shear characterization. Durability was assessed after additional conditioning at high temperature in the PAV and at low temperature in the bending beam rheometer. All but one of the WEO-modified materials transitioned to a gel-type state more readily upon chemical and physical conditioning; this result explains the poor thermal cracking performance seen for such binders on Ontario roads.
Software Verification Considerations for the ARTIS Unmanned Rotorcraft

This work presents the processes and tools that were installed and developed to validate the ARTIS software and achieve compliance of an unmanned rotorcraft testbed with corresponding standards. A brief introduction to the autonomous guidance and navigation capabilities of our unmanned aircraft is given in order to illustrate the software complexity and practical integration challenges introduced by such functionalities. Our software development process is presented which is aimed at a practical balance between exhaustive testing and the rapid integration of new features. It features a greedy integration procedure that is aimed at the preservation of existing features and performances. Automated tests drive the development of our mission planning, mission management and sensor fusion systems. New research code can be integrated such that side effects on existing systems are minimized.
Thermal Analysis of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Using Angular Fourier-Series Expansion

Thermal analysis of planar and near-square semiconductor device chips employing angular Fourier-series (AFS) expansion is presented for the first time. The determination of the device peak temperature using AFS requires only a single two-dimensional computation, while full three-dimensional temperature distribution can be obtained, if desired, by successively adding higher-order Fourier terms, each of which requires a separate 2D computation. The AFS method is used to compare the heat spreading characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) fabricated on silicon, silicon carbide, and synthetic diamond. We show that AlGaN/GaN HEMTs built using GaN/diamond technology can offer better than half the thermal resistance of GaN/SiC HEMTs under worst-case cooling conditions. Furthermore, we show that, if left unmanaged, an inherent and non-negligible thermal boundary resistance due to the integration of semiconductor epilayers with non-native substrates will dampen the benefits of highly conductive substrates such as SiC and diamond.
Gait recognition based on fusion features

Gait recognition and analysis is a promising biometrics technology finding applications in numerous sectors of our society. This paper proposes a new fusion algorithm where the static and dynamic features are fused to obtain optimal performance. The new fusion algorithm divides decision situations into two categories. The wavelet moment is used to describe the static features of gait sequence images, and the three widths of the body contour are used to describe the dynamic features. In addition, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for feature transformation of spatial templates is proposed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs an encouraging recognition rate.
Seismic Fragility Curves for Un-Anchored On-Grade Steel Storage Tanks: Bayesian Approach

In this article, Bayesian approach is used for estimation of seismic fragility of un-anchored on‐grade steel storage tanks based on historical data and American Lifeline Alliance tanks database. The approach properly accounts for epistemic as well as aleatory uncertainties. The point and interval estimates of the fragility are formulated based on structural reliability method that implicitly or explicitly reflects the influence of epistemic uncertainty. The fragility curves developed herein are compared to corresponding relations currently available in the technical literature, the comparison suggest that actual tank performance is better than that predicted in the literature. Finally, application of fragilities in loss estimation methodology is investigated and showing a considerable scatter in the results corresponding to different fragilities.
CONSTRUCTIVE SAFETY USING CONTROL BARRIER FUNCTIONS

Abstract This paper presents a new safety feedback design for nonlinear systems based on barrier certificates and the idea of control Lyapunov functions. In contrast to existing methods, this approach ensures safety independently of abstract high-level tasks that might be unknown or change over time. Leaving as much freedom as possible to the safe system, the authors believe that the flexibility of this approach is very promising. The design is validated using an illustrative example.
Nuclear technology and ageing

Monitoring the condition and forecasting lifetimes of material within ageing nuclear power plant is a subject of great topicality. Among these materials are the cables of the reactor control systems necessary for safe operation, including controlled shutdown in the event of an emergency. The ability to ensure that such cabling is fit for its purpose is of major concern, but at present there is no universal testing procedure. Rather, there exists a "tool box" of techniques that encompass different mechanical, electrical, and chemical tests. While this is satisfactory to a certain extent, there are many drawbacks, and new methods are required. Accordingly, efforts continue to devise suitable means of accomplishing this. The ultimate achievement for cable monitoring would be the capability to correlate the condition of the insulation with remaining useful life, including survivability in a DBE.
Evaluation of Concrete Fatigue Measurement Using Standard and Non-Linear Regression Model

The paper deals with the problem of estimating the S-N curve for the cement based composites under fatigue loading. Selected approximation curves for mechanical-fracture parameter values derived from specific fracture energy in time are used to determine the most accurate fatigue parameter values corresponding to the age of specimens when dynamic tests were performed. For standard description of S-N curve the power dependence and Weibull model developed by Castillo et al. are used to discuss the problem under study and the suitability of using models as an input data for finite element modeling
Algorithm for constructing a delivery-sequencing/inventory-allocation plan for supply chain control in the operational planning level

This paper aims to propose an algorithm to construct a delivery-sequencing/inventory-allocation plan used to control a supply chain in the operational planning level. The algorithm which is mainly based on the improving search technique begins by determining a suitable initial sequence of customer orders, allocating available inventory and determining inventory replenishment plan according to the sequence, calculating the interesting goals, and finally searching the appropriate sequence of customer orders using a proposed pairwise interchange technique. The sequence of the customer order is considered appropriate if it can simultaneously give most preferable two goals: minimizing the total penalties paid by the supply chain, and minimizing the average cost of fulfilling each product unit transferred to customers. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is tested by the numerical experiments based on real data from a selected supply chain in Thailand, namely the food-ingredient industry. Statistical results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the current planning heuristics used in the industry and some other well-known heuristics.
History of Binary and Other Nondecimal Numeration

History of binary and other nondecimal numeration. Based on the author's thesis (Ph. D. — Temple University), presented under the title: History of modern numeration systems. who were kind enough to communicate their comments about the strengths and weaknesses of the original edition. The present revised edition is the better for it. A special thanks is also owed to John Wagner for his careful editorial work and to Adele Clark for her thorough preparation of the Index.
A low-power monolithic CMOS transceiver for 802.11b wireless LANs

A single-chip low-power transceiver IC operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band is presented. Designed in 0.18 μm CMOS, the transceiver system employs direct-conversion architecture for both the receiver and transmitter to realize a fully integrated wireless LAN product. A sigma-delta (ΣΔ) fractional-N frequency synthesizer provides on-chip quadrature local oscillator frequency. Measurement results show that the receiver achieves a maximum gain of 81 dB and a noise figure of 8.2 dB, the transmitter has maximum output power of –3.4 dBm and RMS EVM of 6.8%. Power dissipation of the transceiver is 74 mW in the receiving mode and 81 mW in the transmitting mode under a supply voltage of 1.8 V, including 30 mW consumed by the frequency synthesizer. The total chip area with pads is 2.7 × 4.2 mm2.
Electron projection lithography: progress on the electron column modules for SCALPEL high-throughput/alpha exposure tools

We report on the realization of the electron column modules for the SCALPEL HT/Alpha EPL systems, designed to demonstrate high wafer throughput at resolutions at and below 100 nm. We describe our highly modular setup of each electron optical component targeted at maximum flexibility and enabling a fast and smooth evolution towards higher throughput and resolution. By applying strict design and process rules we were able to set-up the complete production flow from the design, construction and manufacturing of the components of the ferrite/dielectric deflector based projection optics up to established qualification schemes within less than one year. Crucial for the overall tool performance is the timely availability of system alignment and metrology strategies. Here we adapt state-of-the-art techniques form light optical lens manufacturing to a maximum amount. We discuss our metrology and alignment approach based on aerial image analysis combined with extensive electron optical imaging simulations and present first theoretical and experimental sub-100 nm results.
Prediction of hemodynamic reactivity by electroencephalographically derived Pain Rating Index in children during general anesthesia: a prospective observational study

Background: Pain rating index (PRI) is a novel measure of nociception based on integrated electroencephalogram parameters during general anesthesia. Wavelet index (WLI) as a sedation index reflects the patient's sedation state. This study aims to evaluate the performance of PRI and WLI to predict hemodynamic reactivity after tracheal intubation and skin incision in pediatric patients. Methods: 134 children undergoing elective general or urinary surgery were analyzed. PRI, WLI, heart rate (HR), and mean blood pressure (MBP) were measured at predefined time-points during tracheal intubation and skin incision. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were computed to evaluate the predictive performance of PRI and WLI to measure hemodynamic reactivity (increase by more than 20% of either MBP or HR) during general anesthesia. Results: In 134 patients, positive reactivity of HR and MBP was observed in 95 (70.9%) and 61 (45.5%) patients induced by endotracheal intubation and 19 (14.2%) and 24 (17.9%) patients induced by skin incision. Using either HR or MBP reactivity induced by tracheal intubation as a dichotomous variable, the areas under the curves (AUCs) [95% CI] of PRI and WLI were 0.81[0.73-0.87] and 0.58[0.49-0.67] with the best cutoff values of 62 and 49; The AUCs [95% CI] of PRI and WLI were 0.82[0.75-0.88] and 0.61[0.52-0.69] after skin incision, the best cutoff values of PRI and WLI were 60 and 46, respectively. Conclusions: PRI can predict hemodynamic reactivity with the best cutoff values of 62 and 60 after tracheal intubation and skin incision in pediatric patients during general anesthesia while WLI failed in predicting hemodynamic changes. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Register (Unique identifier: ChiCTR1800015969, Date of registration: May 3, 2018). Key words: Pain Rating Index, Wavelet index, Hemodynamic reactivity, Pediatric patients
Review of Passive Downdraught Evaporative Cooling Technique and its Application

Direct evaporative cooling has long been demonstrated as an energy efficient ,cost effective and no CFCs emission means for space cooling in hot dry regions . With the aggravating of the global climate warming and energy crisis, using passive cooling technique will be a good solution . In this paper, the theory of passive downdraught evaporative cooling techniques is analyzed. It is an environmental friendly technique in that it can provide more fresh air than the conventional air-conditionings, and also low cost on operation and no CFCs emission compared with conventional air-conditionings. In this paper, some cases will be introduced . The successful PDEC cases in hot dry areas show weather condition is the key factor for the feasibility using PDEC technique. From the analysis on the weather data in Turpan, which presents a typical climatic character in North-west China , predicts a great feasibility of using PDEC technique in public architectures.
An Adaptive Nonlinear Aircraft Maneuvering Envelope Estimation Approach for Online Applications

A nonlinear aircraft model is presented and used to develop an overall unified approach to online trim and maneuverability envelope estimation with uncertainty quantification without any requirement for active input excitation. The concept of time scale separation makes this method suitable for the adaptive characterization of altered safe maneuvering limitations based on aircraft performance after impairment. The results can be used to provide pilot feedback and/or be combined with flight planning, trajectory generation, and guidance algorithms to help maintain safe aircraft operations in both nominal and off-nominal scenarios.
Control strategy for four-wheel independent drive electric vehicles under failure of motor drive systems

Four-wheel independent drive electric vehicle cannot follow the driver’s command when one or more motor drive systems fail, which may lead to some serious accidents when the vehicle is running. In order to deal with this problem, a control strategy is proposed in this paper to maintain the stability of 4WID electric vehicle under the failure of motor drive systems. Firstly, failure states of motor drive systems are analysed and classified into Failure-Driving mode and Failure-Stopping mode according to the ability of the vehicle to drive safely. Secondly, a two-layer-control model is designed to maintain the vehicle performance and stability by controlling the remaining normal working motor drive systems for Failure-Driving mode. Thirdly, a control algorithm is designed to help the driver stop the vehicle safely in Failure-Stopping mode. Simulation based on Matlab/Simulink and veDYNA demonstrate that the proposed control strategy can maintain the stability of the 4WID electric vehicle in both Failure-Driving mode and Failure-Stopping mode.
Coupled microstrip line Wilkinson power divider with compensating capacitor

In this article, π/4 coupled microstrip line is used in the design of two‐way Wilkinson power divider for compact circuit size. A capacitor is shunted to compensate the phase velocities between even and odd mode in coupled microstrip line and its position can be placed arbitrary in the coupled microstrip line. The capacitance value is determined by effective dielectric constants of substrate, coupling strength, and its position in the coupled microstrip line. Design charts, frequency responses, calculated bandwidths, and several design examples are presented. In experiment, one circuit was fabricated, the measurement results showed good agreement with theoretical results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:328–332, 2015
Assuring the Optimum Security Level for Network, Physical and Cloud Infrastructure

A robust and secure IT infrastructure ensures reliable security, high speeds and connectivity,employee support and accessibility, and a positive user experience for clients. It is hard to managea modern firm without a secure and adaptable IT infrastructure. Technology, when properly setup and networked, can improve back-office processes, increase efficiency, and simplifycommunication. This research explores how an organization assure the optimum level ofinfrastructure security in in three domains: network infrastructure security, physical infrastructuresecurity, and cloud infrastructure security. Running a network infrastructure model comes with avariety of difficulties. The findings suggest that there are few recommendations for assuring rightsecurity level for the network infrastructure, including: conducting a network security assessment,keeping user access privileges to a bare minimum for work, updating programs, investigatingcybersecurity tools and Increasing cyber-awareness. Physical infrastructure security is also crucial.We divided he dangers are divided into the following categories and suggested for appropriatedmeasure: threats by environment, threats by technical infrastructure, threats by humans,inappropriate humidity and temperature, Electrification, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI),Unauthorized physical access. Cloud security is necessitated by the widespread adoption of cloudtechnology, as well as an ever-increasing volume and sophistication of cyber attacks. To ensurethe right level of cloud security, this research recommend to take some measures, including: Transitand Rest Protection, Asset Security. Securing User Management, Integration of compliance andsecurity, Authentication and Identity, and Operational Safety and Security While no amount ofsecurity will ever stop all attacks, organizations can significantly minimize risk of suffering a breachand the fallout from such attacks by taking a few critical steps to secure business’ network, physicaland cloud infrastructure.
Centering electrostatic microgripper and magazines for microassembly tasks

Accurate handling of microparts is one of the major tasks for an automated microproduction. The development of centering electrostatic handling devices is described. Based on a planar design common microtechnical fabrication methods were used. Therefore the gripper electrodes can easily be miniaturized and the geometric form can be adapted to the shape of the objects to be handled. The optimization of the design of the gripper was done by using the Finite Element Method. This gave the possibility to improve the centering effect and the gripping forces without increasing the operating voltage. To enable the observation of the gripped parts with a camera, a transparent substrate was used (Pyrex-wafer). This facilitates the integration of the gripper into a sensor controlled microassembly station. Futhermore first successful tests of functional models are described.
The seismic performance of RC buildings in the 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake

The 22 February 2011 Mw 6.2 Christchurch (Lyttelton) earthquake was a particularly severe test for both modern seismically designed and existing non‐ductile reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. Some 16.2 % of 833 buildings with RC systems within the Christchurch central business district (CBD) were severely damaged. There were 182 fatalities, 135 of which were the unfortunate consequences of the complete collapse of two medium‐rise RC buildings. As with the post‐Northridge 1994 earthquake, the design performance of “modern” structures is being scrutinized – with the inevitable question: is “life safety” but irreparable damage still a valid performance target? This brief paper presents a summary of RC building damage from a broad performance‐based earthquake engineering perspective. Several preliminary lessons, not all of them surprising, and the issues that have arisen will be discussed using case study buildings, with suggestions for urgently needed research areas.