Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Porous Scaffold from Bone-Like Powder Loaded in a Collagen–Chitosan Matrix

Porous scaffolds that mimic both the structure and composition of natural bone were prepared. Nano-hydroxyapatite particles were first synthesized through deposition of minerals on self-assembled collagen fibrils. The porous scaffolds were then fabricated by loading the self-assembled nanohydroxyapatite–collagen composite powder into a cross-linked collagen–chitosan matrix. Porosity, mechanical properties, and composition of the scaffolds were studied. Biocompatibility was demonstrated by comparing in vitro osteoblastscultures, MTT assays, and alkaline phosphatase activity between the synthesized scaffolds and the control sample.
Chemical composition and toxicity of the essential oil of Cayratia japonica against two grain storage insects

During our screening program for new agrochemicals from Chinese medicinal herbs, essential oil of Cayratia japonica aerial parts was found to possess strong insecticidal activities against Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum. A total of 37 components of the essential oil were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Linalool (19.4%), trans-α-ionene (11.4%), α-terpineol (7.9%), dihydroactinolide (7.8%) and geranial (5.8%) were the main components of the essential oil. The essential oil exhibited strong fumigant toxicity against S. zeamais and T. castaneum adults with LC50 values of 10.05 and 15.67 mg/L air, respectively. Cayratia japonica essential oil also possessed contact toxicity against S. zeamais and T. castaneum adults with LD50 values of 32.06 and 44.49 mg/adult, respectively. The essential oil C. japonica may have potential to be developed as a new natural fumigant/insecticide for the control of stored-product insects.
Synthesis of thieno[2,3-b]quinoxalines and pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines from 2-haloquinoxalines

The palladium(0)-catalysed coupling of 2-haloquinoxalines with functionally substituted alkynes, addition of one mol equivalent of bromine to the 2-alkynylquinoxalines thus produced and then reaction of the resulting dibromides with disodium trithiocarbonate produced 2-hydroxymethyl- and 2-(diethoxymethyl)thieno[2,3-b]quinoxalines. Addition of bromine to some 6-substituted-2-(3,3-diethoxypropyn-1-yl)quinoxalines gave pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines. Treatment of a 3-(1,2-dibromoalkenyl)quinoline, a 3-(1,2-dibromoalkenyl)pyrazine, and a 5-(1,2-dibromoalkenyl)pyrimidine with disodium trithiocarbonate failed to induce thiophene ring formation.
Heterogeneously Integrated Optoelectronic Devices Enabled by Micro‐Transfer Printing

Transfer printing is a materials assembly technique that uses elastomeric stamps for heterogeneous integration of various classes of micro‐ and nanostructured materials into two‐ and three‐dimensionally organized layouts on virtually any type of substrate. Work over the past decade demonstrates that the capabilities of this approach create opportunities for a wide range of device platforms, including component‐ and system‐level embodiments in unusual optoelectronic technologies with characteristics that cannot be replicated easily using conventional manufacturing or growth techniques. This review presents recent progress in functional materials and advanced transfer printing methods, with a focus on active components that emit, absorb, and/or transport light, ranging from solar cells to light‐emitting diodes, lasers, photodetectors, and integrated collections of these in functional systems, where the key ideas provide unique solutions that address limitations in performance and/or functionality associated with traditional technologies. High‐concentration photovoltaic modules based on multijunction, micro‐ and millimeter‐scale solar cells and high‐resolution emissive displays based on microscale inorganic light‐emitting diodes provide examples of some of the most sophisticated systems, geared toward commercialization.
Ignition and transient dynamics of sub-limit premixed flames in microchannels

We examine, via two-dimensional numerical simulation of a model system, some unsteady transient ignition scenarios and sustained oscillatory combustion modes that can occur in a single-pass, conductive channel, premixed microburner. These issues are relevant to the problem of ignition, evolution to stable combustion and the operational modes of microcombustors. First, we describe an unsteady ignition sequence that may occur when a single-pass microburner with initially cold walls has its exit walls heated and maintained at a fixed temperature. In particular, we demonstrate that as the heat from the exit walls propagates down the microburner walls, a reaction wave is driven rapidly down the channel towards the inlet via a sequence of oscillatory ignition and quenching transients. This scenario has been observed experimentally during the ignition of a single-pass microburner. Secondly, we show how an initial axial wall temperature gradient can lead to a variety of sustained combustion modes within the channel, including stable stationary flames, regimes of periodic motion involving quenching and re-ignition, regimes of regular oscillatory combustion, and regimes consisting of a combination of re-ignition/quenching events and regular oscillatory motions, all of which have been observed experimentally.
Monte Carlo simulation of the charge collection contrast of spherical defects in semiconductors

The electron-beam-induced current contrast of a spherical defect near a Schottky contact has been calculated using a Monte Carlo algorithm. The collected current has been calculated by simulating the diffusion/recombination process of the carriers that are generated at point-like sources randomly distributed within the generation volume. The maximum contrast dependence upon the defect radius has been simulated. For a small size defect, the results show a good agreement with that obtained by using an analytical model. Computations have also been performed for a large size defect for which an analytical solution is too difficult.
Physical Properties of Laser-Produced Dense Plasma in High-Pressure Argon Gases

High-pressure gaseous argon at pressures up to 200 atm was irradiated by a ruby laser to study the physical properties of the laser-produced plasma. High-density plasmas with an electron density of the order of 1020∼1021 cm-3 were obtained. At low pressure, a nearly complete ionized state was achieved, and as the gas pressure increased, the degree of ionization decreased. The electron temperature was of the order of 105 K and increased slightly with increasing pressure. The hot plasma was conical with its apex at the focal point, and the radius of the plasma depended only on the axial position. As the pressure increased, the plasma extended axially in front of and behind the focal spot. This phenomenon is interpreted as the result of a change in the refractive properties of the high-pressure gas.
Synthesis of 3‐nitro‐ and 3‐aminoquinoline‐2,4‐diones. An unexpected route to 3‐hydroxyquinoline‐2,4‐diones

Nitration of 3-substituted-4-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolones 1 with nitric acid leads either to 3-nitro- 2 or 3-hydroxyquinolinediones 3, depending on the reaction conditions. 3-Substituted-3-hydroxyquinolinediones 3 are also obtained by oxidative hydroxylation with peracetic acid. Amination of 3-substituted-3-chloroquinolinediones 4 with ammonium hydroxide predominantly leads again to 3-substituted-3-hydroxyquinolinediones 3, only in one case the 3-aminoquinolinedione 5 could be isolated. With morpholine or pyridine as amines the expected 3-aminoquinolinediones 6 and 7 were obtained.
C 3‐Symmetric Tripodal Thio/Diglycolamide‐Based Ligands for Trivalent f‐Element Separations

Abstract Three new C 3‐symmetric ligands bearing diglycolamide and thiodiglycolamide units on a triphenoxymethane platform have been synthesized and evaluated as trivalent f‐element extractants from nitric acid media. Liquid‐liquid extraction studies of eleven different lanthanides from 1 M nitric acid into dichloromethane revealed a strong influence of the amidic substituents on the extraction efficiency. A comparison of the 1H NMR spectrum of the Lu(III) complex formed with the tris‐DGA ligand and the organic solution after the extraction experiment confirms that all three arms bind the metal during the extraction experiment and form a C 3‐symmetric complex. The newly synthesized lipophilic di‐n‐butyl tris‐diglycolamide was found to be a significantly weaker extractant in comparison to the di‐isopropyl analogs. The distance separating the metal binding groups from the triphenoxymethane platform had little influence on the selectivity or binding efficiency of the ligands. Experiments with the tris‐thiodiglycolamide derivative highlighted the importance of the etheric oxygens for metal binding.
FIREBOX SIMULATION OF OLEFIN UNITS

The simulation of the firebox and the cracking coils of an olefin production unit is based on a zone model, discretizing the firebox and the external skin of the coils. The temperature distributions in the furnace and along the coil wall are generated simultaneously with the temperature, conversion and pressure profiles inside the cracking coils. Important temperature variations in the firebox are revealed. The program is used to investigate the influence of the firing pattern on the temperatures and on the product distribution
Simple NMR‐mouse with a bar magnet

A new concept of the NMR Mobile Universal Surface Explorer (NMR-MOUSE) using simple bar magnets instead of u-shaped magnets is described. The magnetic field profiles are comparatively homogeneous in extended lateral planes, and close to the magnet pole face the axial gradient is nearly constant. Different geometric arrangements of figure-8 coils adapted to the sample geometry are described. Simulations and measurements of the magnetic field from the magnets and the radio frequency coils are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance (Magn Reson Engineering) 15: 255–261, 2002
Apple pomace as a potential source of nutraceutical products

Poland with production of clear apple juice concentrates up to 200.000 tons processes yearly more than 1.5 mln t. of apples. Commercial technolo- gies of processing are very effective but 12 to 20% of processed raw material remains as a waste product after juicing. Typically such material contain ing sugars, acids and traces of proteins is utilized for animal feeding or composted. Pomace after juice production still contains significant amount of valuable compounds beneficial for human health; polyphenolics and fiber. The content of dietary fiber constitutes is on the average 50% of dry weight. In this study, it was proved that pomace from modern juice production plant contained 60-64% of TDF, 1850-2550 mg/kg dm of flavan-3-ols and 7000 mg/kg dm of polyphenols (with Folin-Ciocalteau method). It was proved that such a raw material is useful for the preparation of liquid and solid phenolic concentrates containing 2.5 and 33% of polyphenols, respectively. Such extracts may be considered as an excellent components for the production of new more healthy and valuable products.
Automatic Classification for Mining Process Operational Data

In process plant operation and control, modern distributed control and automatic data logging systems create large volumes of data that contain valuable information about normal and abnormal operations, significant disturbances, and changes in operational and control strategies. These data have tended to be underexploited for a variety of reasons, including the large volume and lack of effective automatic computer-based support tools. This paper considers a data mining system that is able to automatically cluster the data into classes corresponding to various operational modes and thereby provide some structure for analysis of behavioral responses. The method is illustrated by reference to a case study of a refinery fluid catalytic cracking process.
Raman Intensity Studies on CCl4 in Various Systems

Solution measurements are presented of the Raman intensity changes occurring in the four fundamental vibrations of CCl4 upon changing from “inert” solvents to ones which can act as electron donors. Donor solvents containing oxygen have little or no effect on the Raman vibrational intensities of CCl4, while significant changes are found in the intensities of ν1, ν3, and ν4 in solutions containing aromatic and amine donors. The nature and magnitude of the observed Raman intensity changes are similar in the latter solutions suggesting that they are caused by a common effect. The observed changes in the intensities of the CCl4 fundamentals are analyzed in terms of changes in bond polarizability parameters. It is concluded that the observed intensity changes are due to specific intermolecular interactions, such as weak charge transfer complex formation.
Oligophenylenevinylene-Functionalized Ru(II)-bipyridine Sensitizers for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO2 Solar Cells

New 4- and 4,4‘-oligophenylenevinylene-functionalized Ru(II)-bipyridine sensitizers were synthesized and used in dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells (DSSCs) to study their sensitizing properties relative to those of the usual N3 dye. Among those studied, two sensitizers, denoted as D5 and D6, have rendered considerably higher photocurrents and efficiencies for their cells, compared to those of a cell using the conventional N3 dye. The short-circuit photocurrent densities for N3, D5, and D6 are 9.8, 10.8, and 11.7 mA/cm2, and the efficiencies are 4.1, 4.6, and 4.8%, respectively. The enhanced photocurrents are correlated with the increased molar absorption coefficients of the D5 and D6 dyes over the entire visible spectra region, relative to those of the N3 dye. Corresponding enhancements in IPCE values are attributed to the oligophenylenevinylene groups of D5 and D6 that consist of conjugated double bonds. Analysis of the absorption spectra of the sensitizer-coated TiO2 films and the desorbed dyes in an aqueo.
Tratamiento de lixiviados por oxidación Fenton

Los lixiviados son el resultado de la percolacion de liquidos a traves de los desechos solidos en proceso de estabilizacion. La complejidad del tratamiento de los lixiviados se deriva de que su composicion es altamente toxica y variable y debido al suelo altamente permeable de la peninsula de Yucatan, Mexico representan un peligro alto para la salud. Se presentan los resultados de aplicar el proceso Fenton a los lixiviados del relleno sanitario de la ciudad de Merida. El proceso Fenton consiste en tratar la carga contaminante con una combinacion de H2O2 y FeSO4 en condiciones acidas. Se determinaron el tiempo optimo de reaccion, los valores optimos de pH y dosis de reactivo Fenton, asi como las dosis optimas para el postratamiento coagulacion – flo- culacion. Las condiciones y dosis optimas del proceso de oxidacion fueron: tiempo de contacto de 20 minutos, un valor de pH i-2+ igual a 4, concentraciones de H2O2 de 600 mg/l y Fe de 1,000 mg/l. Los porcentajes de remocion promedio de materia organica, medida como DQOs, fue de 78%, y medida como COT, del 87%.
Gold Immersion Deposition on Electroless Nickel Substrates Deposition Process and Influence Factor Analysis

An immersion gold-plating process on electroless nickel substrate was investigated. The effects of gold salt, trisodium citrate, bath temperature, and pH on the gold-immersion-deposition process are also discussed. The study was performed by measuring the mixed potential-time curves in situ and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in combination with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) surface analysis. Electrochemical measurements and XRF results show that both the deposition rate and the mixed potential changed during the gold-deposition process. These variations reflect the change of electrode surface state. AFM analysis shows that the morphology of nickel surface changed greatly at the initial stage of gold deposition. A model for understanding the gold-immersion-deposition process was proposed based on the experimental data. The effects of KAu(CN) 2 , trisodium citrate, pH, and temperature on gold-immersion deposition are significant, via affecting the gold film formation and the deposition rate. The optimal conditions of aqueous solution for the gold-immersion plating were determined. The experimental results support the explanation of the proposed model.
Comparison of the characteristics of atmospheric pressure plasma jets using different working gases and applications to plasma-cancer cell interactions

Atmospheric pressure plasma jets employing nitrogen, helium, or argon gases driven by low-frequency (several tens of kilohertz) ac voltage and pulsed dc voltage were fabricated and characterized. The changes in discharge current, optical emission intensities from reactive radicals, gas temperature, and plume length of plasma jets with the control parameters were measured and compared. The control parameters include applied voltage, working gas, and gas flow rate. As an application to plasma-cancer cell interactions, the effects of atmospheric pressure plasma jet on the morphology and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of human lung adenocarcinoma cell (A549) and human bladder cancer cell (EJ) were explored. The experimental results show that the plasma can effectively control the intracellular concentrations of ROS. Although there exist slight differences in the production of ROS, helium, argon, or nitrogen plasma jets are found to be useful in enhancing the intracellular ROS concentrations in cancer cells.
Movement and persistence of [14C]imidacloprid in sugar-beet plants following application to pelleted sugar-beet seed

[ 14 C]Imidacloprid was applied to pelleted seeds of sugar beet which were then grown in pots of field soil. Leaves, roots and soil were analysed at intervals up to 97 days after planting and the distributions of parent compound and of several metabolites were quantified. At the first sampling, 21 days after application, parent imidacloprid was the main compound found in the leaves and its concentration averaged 15.2 μg g -1 fresh weight. By the 25-leaf stage, 97 days after sowing, the concentration of parent compound in the leaves had fallen to an average of 0.5 μg g -1 ; the metabolites and parent compound in the leaves then represented respectively 44.5% and 4.5% of the total applied radioactivity. In the root at 97 days, parent imidacloprid and its metabolites together accounted for only 0.1% of the applied activity, whilst in the soil there was 23% of parent compound and 4% as metabolites. The persistence of both parent imidacloprid and the olefinic metabolite, which has recently been shown to have higher aphicidal activity than the parent imidacloprid, explains the prolonged control of aphids observed with imidacloprid in both glasshouse and field trials.
Different magnesium uptake and transport activity along the rice root axis revealed by 28Mg tracer experiments*

We characterized magnesium (Mg) uptake and transport along the primary root of six-day-old rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) using 28Mg as a radioactive tracer. We used a multi-compartment transport box, which separated the root region every 1 cm in order to apply 28Mg to a particular root region. Then, the root region was defined as R-A, R-B, and R-C in order from the root tip region to the lateral root-developing area. The amount of 28Mg taken up in the R-C region in 15 min, 1 h, and 3 h was nearly three times as much as that of R-A and R-B. Thirty percent to 50% of 28Mg absorbed from R-C was transported toward the lower part of the root. Furthermore, when 28Mg was absorbed from R-C, it was detected only in the root part lower than R-C after 5 min. In contrast, less than 5% of 28Mg absorbed from R-B was transported downward. This characteristic uptake and transport behavior was not observed with 32P(phosphorus)-phosphate or 45Ca (calcium). Our results demonstrate that Mg uptake and transport activity differ between root regions and further suggest that phloem loading of Mg occurs at R-C within minutes after uptake from the culture solution. Then, Mg is transported toward the root tip directly without going up the shoot.
An efficient supersonic chemical oxygen–iodine laser operating without buffer gas and with simple nozzle geometry

We report on an efficient supersonic chemical oxygen-iodine laser, energized by a jet-type singlet oxygen generator, operating without primary buffer gas and applying simple nozzle geometry and transonic mixing of iodine and oxygen. Output power of 177 W with chemical efficiency of 17% was obtained in a 5 cm gain length for Cl2 flow rate of 11 mmol/s. The power is almost unaffected by water vapor in the medium.
NATURAL ABUNDANCES OF 15NITROGEN AND 13CARBON INDICATIVE OF GROWTH AND N2 FIXATION IN POTASSIUM FED LENTIL GROWN UNDER WATER STRESS

Dual natural abundance analysis of 15Nitrogen (N) and 13Carbon (C) isotopes in lentil plants subjected to different soil moisture levels and rates of potassium (K) fertilizer were determined to assess crop performance variability in terms of growth and N2-fixation (Ndfa). The δ15N values in lentils ranged from +0.67 to +1.36‰; whereas, those of the N2-fixed and reference plant were −0.45 and +2.94‰, respectively. Consequently, the Ndfa% ranged from 45 and 65% of total plant N uptake. Water stress reduced Δ13C values. However, K fertilization enhanced whole plant Δ13C along with dry matter yield and N2-fixation. The water stressed plants amended with K fertilizer seemed to be the best treatment because of its highest pod yield, high N balance, and N2-fixation with low consumption of irrigation water. This illustrates the ecological and economical importance of K fertilizer in alleviating water stress occurring during the post-flowering period of lentil.
Synthesis and photoconductivity of nanosized phthalocyanine

Functional phthalocyanine (Pc) compounds of H2Pc, TiOPc, FePc and ClAlPc were synthesized with a yield of 46.7%, 91.2%, 37.4% and 34.0%, respectively. Nanosized TiOPc was synthesized via a one-step sol-gel method and eects of surfactant doses, nucleation temperature on TiOPc particle size and photoconductivity were investigated. When m(PEG): m(TiOPc) was 0.1 and nucleation temperature was 0 ‐ C, the as-obtained TiOPc had the smallest particle size and largest specific surface area, which were 60 nm and 83 m 2 /g, respectively. TiOPc synthesized under these conditions also exhibits excellent photoconductivity with charging potential V0, dark decay speed Rd and energy for half-discharging of potential E1=2 being 1160 V, 30 V/s and 0.6 lx¢s, respectively.
Fabrication of Boron Nitride Dispersed Nanocomposites by Chemical Processing and Their Mechanical Properties

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) dispersed nanocomposites were fabricated through a chemical process involving sintering of matrix ceramic powders covered partly with turbostratic BN (t-BN), which was synthesized by the reduction of a mixture of boric acid and urea precipitating on the matrix ceramic powder during drying after wet-ball milling. Silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and aluminum nitride (AIN) were employed as matrix for h-BN dispersed nanocomposites. The nano-sized h-BN particles were found to be homogeneously dispersed within the matrix grains as well as at grain boundaries, which is typical of nanocomposite structures. As a result, the present nanocomposites showed unique and excellent properties such as high strength, low Young's modulus, high thermal shock resistance, and good machinability.