Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zooplankton exposure to microplastics at global scale: Influence of vertical distribution and seasonality

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous contaminants in the ocean. Zooplankton is thus widely exposed to MP ingestion. Here, we use a global coupled physical–biogeochemical model enriched with a 3D representation of MPs to assess the global zooplankton exposure to MPs. As expected, our results indicate that water MP concentration is the highest in the surface layers of subtropical gyres and coastal areas close to major MP sources, which is mostly due to floating MPs, while neutral MPs contaminate the mesopelagic zone. Additionally, we showed that floating MPs may be also transported to the mesopelagic waters during the seasonal deepening of the mixed layer depth. We then estimate zooplankton exposure to MPs based on water MP concentrations, plankton biomass, and zooplankton grazing rate. Two main drivers lead to high zooplankton exposure to MPs: 1) high water MP contamination and 2) intense grazing activity. Seasonally, re-stratification of surface waters may lead to MP vertical concentration coinciding with planktonic blooms, thus increasing contamination risk.
Hemodynamic effects and tolerance of dobutamine for myocardial dysfunction during septic shock: An observational multicenter prospective echocardiographic study

Background The role of dobutamine during septic shock resuscitation is still controversial. Methods The aim of this prospective multicentre study was to comprehensively characterize the hemodynamic response of septic shock patients with systolic myocardial dysfunction to incremental doses of dobutamine (0, 5, 10, and 15 μg/kg/min). Results Thirty two patients were included in three centers. Dobutamine significantly increased contractility indices of both ventricles [crude and afterload-adjusted left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, global LV longitudinal peak systolic strain, tissue Doppler peak systolic wave at mitral and tricuspid lateral annulus, and tricuspid annular plane excursion) as well as global function indices (stroke volume and cardiac index) and diastolic function (increased e' and decreased E/e' ratio at lateral mitral annulus). Dobutamine also induced a significant decrease in arterial pressure and cardiac afterload indices (effective arterial elastance, systemic vascular resistance and diastolic shock index). Oxygen transport, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production all increased with dobutamine, without change in the respiratory quotient or lactate. Dobutamine was discontinued for poor tolerance in a majority of patients (n = 21, 66%) at any dose and half of patients (n = 15, 47%) at low-dose (5 μg/kg/min). Poor tolerance to low-dose dobutamine was more frequent in case of acidosis, was associated with lower vasopressor-free days and survival at day-14. Conclusion In patients with septic myocardial dysfunction, dobutamine induced an overall improvement of echocardiographic parameters of diastolic and systolic function, but was poorly tolerated in nearly two thirds of patients, with worsening vasoplegia. Patients with severe acidosis seemed to have a worse response to dobutamine.
METTL16 predicts a favorable outcome and primes antitumor immunity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic carcinogenesis is a complicated and multi-step process. It is substantially assisted by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification, especially when mutations of driver genes (KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4) occur. However, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. In this research, we identified m6A regulators as potential biomarkers when mutations of driver genes occur, and investigated the role of these m6A candidates in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). We first estimated the abnormal expression patterns of potential m6A regulators when all the driver genes are mutated, using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. METTL16, an m6A“writer,” was chosen as a unique candidate of PDA, owing to its markedly differential expression under mutations of all driver genes (KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4) and its favorable prognostic value. Moreover, METTL16 was under-expressed in PDA tissues and cell lines. Consistently, gain- and loss-of-function experiments indicated that it had a tumor suppressor role in vitro and in vivo. Further, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses revealed that METTL16 may have an effect on the tumor microenvironment. Notably, a markedly positive association between METTL16 expression and infiltration of B cells and CD8+ T cells was observed according to the CIBERSORT and TIMER databases. Enhanced expression of immune checkpoints and cytokines was elicited in patients with over-expression of METTL16. Notably, decreased expression of PD-L1 was observed when upregulation of METTL16 expression occurred in MIA PaCa-2 cells, while increased expression of PD-L1 existed when downregulation of METTL16 happened in HPAF-II cells. Collectively, these findings highlight the prognostic value of METTL16, and indicate that it is a potential immunotherapy target that could be used to regulate the tumor microenvironment and promote antitumor immunity in PDA.
Improving Offline Handwritten Text Recognition Using Conditional Writer-Specific Knowledge

Modern neural networks suffer from a major flaw: an inability to deal with changing data distributions. In the field of handwritten text recognition (HTR), this shows itself in poor recognition accuracy for writers that are not similar to those seen during training. In this research, the question is asked whether explicit information regarding writer identity can be used to condition a neural network to a writer-specific distribution. For example, writer information can be presented in the form of a small batch of labeled examples originating from a particular writer. Two state-of-the-art HTR architectures are used as baseline models (writer-unaware), using a ResNet backbone along with either an LSTM or Transformer sequence decoder. Using these base models, various methods are proposed to make them writer-adaptive, based primarily on 1) an idea originating from automatic speech recognition known as speaker codes, and 2) model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML), an algorithm commonly used for tasks such as few-shot classification that has gained much attention in recent years. Results show that an HTR-specific version of MAML known as MetaHTR improves performance compared to the baseline with a 1.4 to 2.0 improvement in word error rate. Furthermore, it is shown that a deeper model lends itself better to adaptation using MetaHTR than a shallower model. Speaker codes do not show a concrete benefit for writer-aware adaptation.
Stress and Strain in Cryptoperthite Lamellae and the Goherent Solvus of Alkali Feldspars

Transmission electron microscope observations of a cryptoperthitic alkali feldspar from Larvik (Norway) show that the exsolution lamellae are fully coherent, that is, they maintain full continuity of their lattices across the lamellar interfaces; this confirms X-ray work by previous authors on other crytoperthites. Coherency imposes elastic strains in individual lamellae, causing the lattice parameters to differ from those of unstrained crystals of the compositions. From known elastic constants and known compositional variation of stress-free lattice parameters, elastic strain and stress components in a lamella are calculated as linear functions of (X-X') (where X = mole fraction KAlSi"O"; X'average value for bulk crystal). The assumption that elastic strain entails no volume change and the resulting method of determining compositions of individual lamellae (Smith, 1961) can therefore be evaluated; an alternate simple method is proposed, which makes use of the fact that there are linear combinations of two (/r0/) spacings which are not affected by the elastic strain. The elastic strain energy varies as (X-X')'. When strain enqpgy is taken into account in the thermodynamic treatment of exsolution, a 'coherent solvus' can be calculated, with a crifical temperature 70' to 85"C below the critical temperature of the solvus for unconstrained phases (e.9., Luth and Tuttle, 1966). This agrees well with the hitherto unexplained results of annealing experiments on single crystals by Tuttle and Bowen (1958) and Smith and MacKenzie (1958). Lamellar exsolution occurs in many other mineral systems. If the lamellae have retained coherency, the relevant phase diagram is the coherent solvus, not the unconstrained one determined in hydrothermal experiments. Other transformations within crystals may also give rise to elastically strained phases coexisting along coherent interfaces. The corresponding strain energy must be tbken into account in the thermodynamic analysis and the geologic interpretation of such transformations.
Determination of force-free magnetic fields above the photosphere using three-component boundary conditions. II - Analysis and minimization of scale-related growing modes and of computational induced singularities

The vertical extrapolation of nonlinear force-free fields is further discussed. Three main aspects connected with the numerical algorithm used are considered: (1) the possible vertically growing (exponential or/and sinusoidal) modes and their relationship to the horizontal and vertical chosen scales; (2) the mathematical singularities arising along neutral field lines (where B 2 =0) and leading to non definite α values; and (3) a search for simple procedures aimed to minimize these algorithm-dependent computational errors, thus further improving the previously obtained results
Pretrained Model for Understanding of Integer Sequences

The goal of this thesis is to use a deep bidirectional transformer model to learn representations for integer sequences. This technique already produced state of the art results in natural language processing for several downstream tasks as shown in BERT [1]. As in BERT, the model is first trained on a masked model task followed by an is next prediction task. The BERTIS project, as in ”BERT used on Integer Sequences“, contains the model and a training loop implementation as well as several data preprocessing utilities. BERTIS shows promising training results on a synthetic dataset of simple integer sequences but fails to find representations for a more comprehensive, natural dataset.
Proving the BQP-Completeness of the Quantum Linear Systems Problem Using a Clock Construction

In virtually any technical field, the classical problem of solving a linear system of equations has a wide range of applications. Specifically, this problem can be formulated as finding x⃗, given an N × N matrix A and an N -dimensional vector b⃗, such that Ax⃗ = b⃗. The best classical algorithms for solving linear systems of equations scale with time polynomial in N — in fact, even just writing down the full solution x⃗ takes time O (N). This may be very slow if N is incredibly big, which is often the case realistically, as the datasets we use to construct linear systems are getting larger over time.
DYNAMIC TEMPERATURE MAPPING OF Nb 3 Sn CAVITIES ∗

Niobium-3 Tin (Nb 3 Sn) is the most promising alternative material to niobium for SRF accelerator cavities. The material promises nearly twice the potential accelerating gradients ( ≈ 100 MV / m in TESLA elliptical cavities), increased quality factors, and 4 . 2 K operation. Current state of the art Nb 3 Sn cavities reach quality factors of 2 · 10 10 at 4 . 2 K and have reached 24 MV / m. Determining the cause of the premature ﬁeld limitation is the topic of ongoing research. Cornell University has recently developed a high-speed temperature mapping system that can examine cavity quench mechanisms in never before achieved ways. Here we present high-speed temperature map results of Nb 3 Sn cavities and examine the quench mechanism and dynamic heating. We show an initial multipacting quench and sudden temperature jumps at multiple locations on the cavity.
not is associated with psychiatric disorders: A cross-sectional survey on 46 thousand of subjects

Infection by the parasite Toxoplasma , which affects about 33% of world population, is associated with increased risk of several mental health disorders, the most strongly with schizophrenia. It is unknown whether toxoplasmosis really plays a substantial role in the etiopathogenesis of these disorders and whether schizophrenia is associated with this infection the most strongly, or whether this association has just been the most intensively studied for historical reasons. We used the data from 3,440 and 7,800 subjects tested for toxoplasmosis and borreliosis, respectively, who took part in an internet survey, for searching in the associations of these infections with 22 mental health disorders and other indices of impaired mental health. The typical symptom associated with toxoplasmosis was anxiety, and the typical toxoplasmosis-associated disorders were autism (OR=4.86), schizophrenia (OR=3.34), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (OR=3.02), Asperger syndrome (OR=2.49), antisocial personality disorder (OR=1.81), OCD (OR=1.69), and anxiety disorder (OR=1.57). Borreliosis was associated only with symptoms of depression and with major depression (OR=1.65). The negative effects of borreliosis were detectable only in the Toxoplasma -infected subjects. Toxoplasmosis could play a substantial role in the etiopathogenesis of mental health disorders and its association with schizophrenia is the second strongest association, after autism.
Analysis of the Trotter Method for Hamiltonian Simulation

This paper provides an overview of the Trotter method for Hamiltonian Simulation and is mostly based on a recent paper by Childs et. al. [3]. We first explain what Hamiltonian Simulation is, why it is useful, and how it is defined mathematically. We then introduce the Trotter method as as approximation for the evolution operator e tH (or e − itH for physicists). The approximation is based on 2 key ideas: i) splitting the system into smaller subsystems that almost do not interact with each other, i.e. H = (cid:80) Γ γ =1 H γ , and ii) splitting the time evolution in small intervals caller Trotter steps. We explain how our assumption about the lack of interaction, i.e. the splitting into subsystems, translates to ignoring terms in the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff (BCH) expansion. We further introduce the idea of ‘order conditions’, which is what allows for tight bounds, by looking at higher order Suzuki formulas. We then mention the general Trotter formula and 2 error bounds: one that uses a 1-norm, and one that uses a commutator scaling. Proofs of these can be found in the Appendices. We then compare these bounds with bounds achieved using Qubitization, for the concrete cases of a k -local Hamiltonian and a rapidly decaying power-law Hamiltonian. Finally, we propose how we could use the Trotter method for a more efficient implementation of the Quantum Fourier Transform. paper Anurag
Dynamics of RF Dissipation Probed via High-Speed Temperature Mapping

Recently, Cornell University has developed a new highspeed, high-resolution temperature mapping system that can resolve the time dynamics of RF dissipation, i.e., provide high-speed videos of the surface heating across the entire surface of the cavity. This new powerful tool allows to observe rapid changes in the local RF dissipation, as well as to resolve the dynamics of quenches, field emission processing, and other cavity events, giving new insights into these. This contribution presents the development of this new high-speed temperature mapping system, discusses its commissioning and extensive performance testing (e.g., demonstrating micro-Kelvin resolution), as well as show intriguing high-speed temperature mapping results from multiple Nb3Sn cavities.
Effortlessness and Security

Nurses' well-being at work has been an increasing concern the past few years, in particular in connection with work-related information technology use. Researchers have thus been called to explore ways of fostering nurses' well-being at work. However, little is known about the factors related to information technology that contribute to nurses' positive experience of and well-being at work. In this study, we sought to understand the appraisals and emotions at the core of nurses' positive experiences with information technology use at work. We conducted focus groups and semistructured interviews with 15 ward nurses working at a large Swedish hospital. The data were analyzed qualitatively using process and causation coding. We found appraisals of easy goal accomplishment, doing less of a particular task, knowing what the situation is and what has to be done, mastering the system, reduced risk of mistakes and omissions, and assured access to patient information. Using design theory, we connected these appraisals with four positive emotions: joy, relief, confidence, and relaxation. These findings suggest that effortlessness and security are central to nurses' positive experience of information technology. Implementing information technology–related features and practices associated with them in healthcare organizations may foster nurses' well-being at work.
On the Cauchy- and periodic boundary value problem for a certain class of derivative nonlinear Schroedinger equations

The Cauchy- and periodic boundary value problem for the nonlinear Schroedinger equations in $n$ space dimensions [u_t - i\Delta u = (\nabla \bar{u})^{\beta}, |\beta|=m \ge 2, u(0)=u_0 \in H^{s+1}_x] is shown to be locally well posed for $s > s_c := \frac{n}{2} - \frac{1}{m-1}$, $s \ge 0$. In the special case of space dimension $n=1$ a global $L^2$-result is obtained for NLS with the nonlinearity $N(u)= \partial_x (\bar{u} ^2)$. The proof uses the Fourier restriction norm method.
A concrete heat accumulator for use in solar heating systems - a mathematical model and experimental verification

The article presents a numerical model of the concrete heat accumulator for solar heating systems. Model uses control volume finite element method with an explicit solution method for time integration. The use of an explicit method is an essential advantage in the simulation of timedependent changes in temperature of the air at the accumulator inlet. The study compares the results of numerical model calculations of the accumulator heating with experimental measurements and with computational fluid dynamics modeling. The comparison shows a good correlation between the results of calculation using the model and the results of measurements.
COMPARING GALAXY POPULATIONS IN COMPACT AND LOOSEGROUPS OF GALAXIES

Aims. We compare the properties of galaxies in compact groups, loose groups, and the field to deepen our understanding of the physical mechanisms acting upon galaxy evolution in different environments. Methods. We select samples of galaxies in compact groups, loose groups, and field galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We compare the properties of the galaxy populations in these different environments: absolute magnitude, colour, size, surface brightness, stellar mass, and concentration. We also study the fraction of red and early-type galaxies, the luminosity function, the colourluminosity, and luminosity-size relations. Results. The population of galaxies in compact groups differ from that of loose groups and the field. The fraction of red and early-type galaxies is larger in compact groups. Galaxies in compact groups are, on average, systematically smaller in size, more concentrated, and have higher surface brightnesses than galaxies in the field and in loose groups. At a fixed absolute magnitude, or fixed surface brightness, galaxies in compact groups are smaller in size. Conclusions. The physical mechanisms that transform galaxies into earlier types could be more effective within compact groups, owing to the typically high densities and small velocity dispersions of these environments, which could explain the large fraction of red and early-type galaxies we found in compact groups. Galaxies inhabiting compact groups have undergone a major transformation compared to galaxies that inhabit loose groups.
Triangulating the Accuracy of Comparable Company Valuations: A Multidimensional Analysis Considering Interaction Effects

Comparable valuation is one of the most widespread valuation techniques in practice. In order to compute a representative comparable for a peer group, three decisions need to be made. A value indicator, a time horizon for the value, and a compression method to aggregate all comparables of a peer group into a single industry comparable must be determined. The research on this topic has tried to identify the most accurate specification for each of these three dimensions separately to estimate the market value of equity. However, we find that interaction effects between these three dimensions are present. Therefore, combining the most accurate specification of each dimension leads to inferior results. As a basis of comparison, our study first replicates and thereby largely confirms the results of previous research with a single homogeneous sample. More interestingly, two-dimensional and multidimensional analyses show that quite influential interaction effects take place between the value indicator (e.g., sales or EBIT) and the compression method (e.g., arithmetic mean or median). In order to measure the effect of the three dimensions on valuation accuracy and to incorporate the interaction effects, repeated-measures ANOVAs are conducted. This analysis reveals the highest impact among the choices for the value indicator. The second-highest effect cannot be attributed to another of the three "original" dimensions, but to the interaction effect of the value indicator and compression methods, followed by the single impact of the compression dimension. The third "original" dimension, the time horizon, does not contribute significantly to valuation accuracy in the overall ANOVA.
Some Aspects of Propensity Score-based Estimators for Causal Inference

In this paper, we show that a two-component normal mixture model provides a good approximation to the logistic distribution. This approximation is an improvement over using the normal distribution and is comparable to using the t-distribution as approximating distributions. The results from using the mixture model is exemplified by finding an approximative analytic expression for the covariance matrix of logistic regression using normally distributed random regressors.
A Compact 4×4 Filtering Microstrip Patch Antenna Array With Dolph-Chebyshev Power Distribution

This paper proposes a compact <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4 \times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> filtering microstrip patch antenna array with Dolph- Chebyshev distribution implemented by multilayer structure. The proposed antenna array features good filtering performance but contains no extra filtering parts in the feeding or the radiating element. The whole antenna array consists of four <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1 \times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> antenna subarrays, each subarray is composed of four patch antennas which are coupled-fed by a single microstrip line. Inside the desired passband, by properly choosing the coupling area along the microstrip line, the patches are induced in-phase currents therefore achieving the excellent radiation characteristics. On the other hand, the four patches can’t be properly excited outside the passband which would enable radiation suppression performance. In order to implement a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4 \times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> filtering microstrip patch antenna array with low sidelobe level (SLL), four subarrays are combined and fed by Dolphy-Chebyshev excitation method. Finally, the proposed antenna array is implemented, fabricated and measured. The maximum measured gain in the passband is 14.7 dBi, and the radiation suppression outside the passband is better than 25 dB.