Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crop identity and memory effects on aboveground arthropods in a long‐term crop rotation experiment

Abstract Agricultural landscapes are globally dominated by monocultures under intensive management. This is one of the main reasons for biodiversity loss and insect population decline in many regions all over the world. Agroecosystem biodiversity in these areas can be enhanced by cropping system diversification, such as crop rotations. Yet, long‐term studies on effects of crop rotations on aboveground agrobiodiversity are lacking. We set up a 10‐year long‐term crop rotation experiment in Central Germany and monitored the temporal dynamics of aboveground arthropods over a full cultivation period to investigate influence of current and preceding crop identity and cropping system diversification on activity density, species richness, and community structure. We found that species composition was strongly influenced by currently grown crop although effect on arthropods varied between species groups. Especially, winter oilseed rape strongly affects arthropod community structure. Interestingly, we were also able to show an influence of the preceding crops, indicating an ecological memory effect in the aboveground arthropod community. Our results show that crop identity of both currently and previously grown crops in crop rotations may lead to an increase in arthropod activity density and changes in species composition. Diversified crop rotations including appropriate crops can be an easily implemented tool to increase arthropod biodiversity and biomass at large spatial and temporal scales, particularly in areas dominated by a single crop (e.g., wheat, maize). Our results may help to design optimized crop rotations for large‐scale enhancement of insect biodiversity in agroecosystems.
A Probabilistic Technique For Open Set Recognition Using Support Vector Machines

Scherreik, Matthew. M.S.E.E. , Department of Electrical Engineering, Wright State University, 2014. A Probabilistic Technique For Open Set Recognition Using Support Vector Machines. Classification algorithms trained using finite sets of target and confuser data are limited by the training set. These algorithms are trained under closed set assumptions and do not account for the infinite universe of confusers found in practice. In contrast, classification algorithms developed under open set assumptions label inputs not present in the training data as unknown instead of assigning the most likely class. We present an approach to open set recognition, the probabilistic open set SVM, that utilizes class posterior estimates to determine probability thresholds for classification. This is accomplished by first training an SVM in a 1-vs-all configuration on a training dataset containing only target classes. A validation set containing only class data belonging to the training set is used to iteratively determine appropriate posterior probability thresholds for each target class. The testing dataset, which contains targets present in the training data as well as several confuser classes, is first classified by the 1-vs-all SVM. If the estimated posterior for an input falls below the threshold, the target is labeled as unknown. Otherwise, it is labeled with the class resulting from the SVM decision. We apply our method to classification of synthetic ladar range images of civilian vehicles and measured infrared images of military vehicles. We show that the POS-SVM offers improved performance over other open set algorithms by allowing the use of nonlinear kernels, incorporating intuitive free parameters, and empirically determining good thresholds.
Models and simulation of the switched reluctance motor drive with the microcomputer control based on MATLAB software package

The paper presents the component parts and their models of the switched reluctance motor drive with variable angle PWM control. The discretization of the rotor speed regulator of the drive with microcomputer control is given. The calculation of the parameters and the simulated models based on the MATLAB SIMULINK software package are introduced. The simulation of the prototype in the course of starting is made by the simulated models.
The Innumerable Dance: The Life and Work of William Alwyn

This book is the first full-scale biography of William Alwyn since his death in 1985. Alwyn's early life as a flautist was altered when he became a leading composer of the Documentary Film Movement in the 1930s, going on to a prolific career in writing for feature films, including commissions for Walt Disney and Carol Reed. By the mid 1950s his reputation was established by the beginning of his four-symphony cycle, his many tone poems, concertos, chamber and piano pieces. An habitue of the London film studios and concert halls, and a prominent professor at the Royal Academy of Music, a major crisis in Alwyn's life precipitated an escape to the Suffolk coast in 1960, where he turned his back on film music and immersed himself in the writing of operas (including Miss Julie), poetry, essays, fiction and painting. Adrian Wright's book balances detailed analysis of Alwyn's work with a vivid account of his marriages to the musician Olive Pull and the composer Doreen Carwithen, relationships that profoundly affected the course of his career. Using a mass of hitherto unpublished material (including an unexpurgated version of his noted Ariel to Miranda) and interviews with prominent figures in Alwyn's life, the volume places his achievements in the musical context of his time, along the way dealing with his relationship with Benjamin Britten, and such hitherto almost unknown works as Don Juan, The Fairy Fiddler, and the radio opera Farewell, Companions. Adrian Wright is the author of the acclaimed "Foreign Country: The Life of L.P. Hartley" (1996) and "John Lehmann: A Pagan Adventure" (1998), and is a contributor to "The New Dictionary of National Biography".
Service development in the new NHS

This article will outline a plan for a redesign of service structure and delivery in the current context of the equal importance of high-quality clinical care and economic efficiency. This will be drawn from the author's experience of developing proposals for funding and setting services in this new and perceivably challenging environment. The article will discuss the rationale and outline plans for an example of a recent service development within a mental health service for refugee children and young people, in terms of opportunities and challenges presented. It will go on to explore the barriers and obstacles to the proposed new service through an interview with the manager of the service. An explicit discussion of these issues could initiate the development of a realistic idea of the benefits and challenges involved in making these strategic and service changes.
Deciphering sex-specific genetic architectures using local Bayesian regressions

Many complex human traits exhibit differences between sexes. While numerous factors likely contribute to this phenomenon, growing evidence from genome-wide studies suggest a partial explanation: that males and females from the same population possess differing genetic architectures. Despite this, mapping gene-by-sex (G×S) interactions remains a challenge likely because the magnitude of such an interaction is typically and exceedingly small; traditional genome-wide association techniques may be underpowered to detect such events partly due to the burden of multiple test correction. Here, we developed a local Bayesian regression (LBR) method to estimate sex-specific SNP marker effects after fully accounting for local linkage-disequilibrium (LD) patterns. This enabled us to infer sex-specific effects and G×S interactions either at the single SNP level, or by aggregating the effects of multiple SNPs to make inferences at the level of small LD-based regions. Using simulations in which there was imperfect LD between SNPs and causal variants, we showed that aggregating sex-specific marker effects with LBR provides improved power and resolution to detect G×S interactions over traditional single-SNP-based tests. When using LBR to analyze traits from the UK Biobank, we detected a relatively large G×S interaction impacting bone-mineral density within ABO and replicated many previously detected large-magnitude G×S interactions impacting waist-to-hip ratio. We also discovered many new G×S interactions impacting such traits as height and BMI within regions of the genome where both male- and female-specific effects explain a small proportion of phenotypic variance (R2 < 1×10−4), but are enriched in known expression quantitative trait loci. By combining biobank-level data and techniques to estimate sex-specific SNP effects after accounting for local-LD patterns, we are providing evidence that numerous small-magnitude G×S interactions exist to influence sex differences in a variety of complex traits. Author Summary Many complex human traits are known to be influenced by an impressive number of causal variants each with very small effects, posing great challenges for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). To add to this challenge, many causal variants may possess context-dependent effects such as effects that are dependent on biological sex. While GWAS are commonly performed using specific methods in which one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at a time is tested for association with a trait, alternatively we utilize methods more commonly observed in the genomic prediction literature. Such methods are advantageous in that they are not burdened by multiple test correction in the same way as traditional GWAS techniques are, and can fully account for linkage-disequilibrium patterns to accurately estimate the true effects of SNP markers. Here we adapt such methods to estimate genetic effects within sexes and provide a powerful means to compare sex-specific genetic effects.
Tuberculosis in the Head and Neck Region: Experience in the Eastern Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) primarily affects lungs, however extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is also common, especially in high disease load areas and mainly manifests in head and neck region. Objective: To study the otorhinolaryngological manifestations of tuberculosis in eastern tertiary care centre of Nepal and its relationship with primary tuberculosis of lung and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery in B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal. Our study group comprised of 85 patients diagnosed with extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis in the head and neck region from 2012-2014 over the period of 2 years. Records of patients diagnosed and treated for
New high-precision circuits for on-chip capacitor ratio testing and sensor readout

This paper presents novel CMOS switched-capacitor circuits for high-accuracy on-chip capacitor ratio testing and sensor readout. Using sigma-delta and correlated-double-sampling (CDS) techniques, these circuits provide accurate digitized capacitive ratio readout. Simulation results show that the resolution can be as fine as 100 aF for 10 pF tested capacitors. One of the circuits was realized in fully integrated form. It provided readings with a standard deviation of less than 20 aF (2 ppm) for 10 pF capacitors.
Multi Cloud Architecture to Provide Data Security And Integrity

Cloud servers are being used to store data and application but its security is a major issue in current context. To solve the data security problems in public environment we propose an effective model for security and integrity of data stored in a cloud , through data segmentation followed by data encryption programs in a multiple cloud architecture. This architecture forms a multi cloud system where primary cloud is available for multiple users for data storage offering lesser load on client systems thereby using the cloud computing architecture. This architecture introduces a secondary cloud controlled by a single administrator which provides the data backup for primary cloud after undergoing specific segmentation and encryption algorithms to ensure security and integrity of data. The proposed system also offers protection against virus attacks by using linux as the base OS.
Web Page Recommendation Using A StochasticProcess Model

Recommending Web pages based on the access patterns by previous visitors to a user visiting some Web site can be helpful if they are is not familiar with the site. To provide a proper recommendation service for users, it is necessary to efficiently mine the Web page access patterns from a huge amount of Web server log data. This paper presents an efficient Web page recommendation scheme using a stochastic process model based on the time-homogeneous DTMC (Discrete-Time Markov Chain). It views a series of Web page access as a discrete-time stochastic process and constructs a state transition matrix based on the relative frequency of moving from one page to another in the Web site. Then it uses the initial state transition matrix to compute the probability for each Web page to be accessed after some number of page references from the starting Web page and selects a page with the largest probability value for recommendation. Although this process involves a simple matrix multiplication, its computational overhead could be expensive if the number of pages in the Web site is very large. Our approach employs the PageGather algorithm to find clusters of closely related ones among all the Web pages and uses each of these clusters as a state in the state transition matrix. As a result, the size of the transition matrix can be considerably reduced and so is the computation time without sacrificing the effectiveness of recommendation too much. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our recommendation scheme with a series of experiments.
Why GPs refer patients to complementary medicine via the NHS: a qualitative exploration

Background The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasing. Access to CAM through primary care referral is common with some of these referrals occurring through existing NHS contracts. Yet currently little is understood about General Practitioners (GPs) referrals to CAM via an NHS contract. Aim This exploratory qualitative study was designed to explore UK GPs experiences of referring patients to CAM under an NHS contract. Method Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 GPs in the UK, purposively sampled, who referred patients under an NHS contract to a private CAM clinic, staffed by medically qualified CAM practitioners. Qualitative methodology making use of the framework approach was used to undertake the interviews and analysis. Findings The decision of GPs to refer a patient to CAM through an NHS contract is complex and based on negotiation between patient and GP but is ultimately determined by the patients’ openness and motivation towards CAM. Most GPs would consider referral when there are no other therapeutic options for their patients. Various factors, including clinical evidence, increase the likelihood of referral but two overarching influences are crucial: (a) the individual GPs positive attitude to, and experience of CAM, including a trusting relationship with the CAM practitioner; and (b) the patient’s attitude towards CAM. In-depth knowledge of CAM was not a vital factor for most GPs in the decision to refer. Conclusion A CAM referral only took place if the patient readily agreed with this therapeutic approach, and in this respect it may differ from referrals by GPs to conventional medicinal practitioners. Such an approach, then, relies on patients having a positive view of CAM and as such could result in inequity in treatment access. Increasing knowledge about and evidence for CAM will assist GPs in making appropriate referrals in a timely manner. We propose a preliminary model that explains our findings about referrals considering patients need as well as the medical process. As data saturation may not have been achieved, further investigation is warranted to confirm or refute these suggestions.
Changes in Body Iron Status, Heart Rate, and Unspecific Symptoms across Menstrual Cycle in Marginally Iron-Deficient Young Women

To determine the body iron status of young women, we screened female university students (n=910: 19-22 years old) in Japan for anemia. The incidence of marginal iron deficiency and iron-deficient anemia were 41.9% and 6.5%, respectively. So, we investigated changes in body iron status across the menstrual cycle in the marginally iron-deficient young women. Further, heart rate and unspecific symptoms were examined concurrently. Forty-three subjects (19-22 years old) were classified by their body iron status into three groups: iron-deficient anemia (hemoglobin, Hb<12g/dl; serum ferritin, SF<17ng/ml), marginal iron deficiency (Hb≥12g/dl, SF<17ng/ml), and adequate iron status (Hb≥12g/dl, SF≥17ng/ml). The marginally iron-deficient group showed a significant decrease in the concentration of Hb and ferritin in serum and an increased resting heart rate level during the luteal phase compared with those parameters for the follicular phase. These changes were observed only in the marginally deficient group. In this group, moreover, unspecific psychological symptoms were more frequently observed than in the other two groups, and these symptoms appeared more frequently during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase. The present study suggests that the decrease in body iron status and the increase in heart rate and unspecific symptoms during the luteal phase were associated with marginal iron deficiency in these young women.
Reply to the letter to the editor by Albayram and Baghaki

We wish to thank Drs Albayram and Baghaki for their valuable comments and are glad to see that our case series [1] stimulates further discussion upon recognition and therapy of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypovolemia. Regarding the effectiveness of an epidural blood patch, it appears essential to differentiate between spontaneous CSF hypovolemia, under discussion here, and the more frequent orthostatic headache syndrome following a routine spinal tap. The latter syndrome generally responds well to the administration of autologous blood within the epidural space [2], whereas the clinical syndrome of spontaneous CSF hypovolemia seems to be more reluctant. In the chronic stages of spontaneous CSF hypovolemia, typical imaging findings, such as enhancement of the pachymeninges, engorgement of venous structures and pituitary hyperemia, seem to be less frequent [3]. We agree with the clinical experience of Albayram and Baghaki that the epidural blood patch procedure is less effective in spontaneous CSF hypovolemia when given in the chronic stages of the syndrome. It is widely held that the success rate of epidural blood patches increases with the amount of blood injected [3]. However, until today there is no controlled trial that allows judgement upon the optimal volume of autologous blood to be administered [4]. Generally, epidural application of 15–20 ml of blood has been recommended when a first patch is delivered distant to the site of the leak [3,5]. In case an additional procedure is necessary greater volumes (20–100 ml) could be used [3].
QR Code Use in a Hospital Library

23 At Ballarat Health Services (BHS) Library we have been using QR Codes for just over a year. QR or Quick Response barcodes are 2-D tags that can hold information such as URLS, contact information, photos and more. They are read with a barcode reader on a smartphone and have become an increasingly popular way to do mobile marketing and promotion (1). They are particularly popular in retail and real estate. For example on price tags they link you to relevant consumer information and on real estate boards they may link to a video or additional photos.
Hindrance Factors for Diffusion and Convection in Pores

It is well-known that solutes in liquid-filled pores of molecular dimensions have reduced diffusivities and are sieved during filtration. For solute molecules that are large enough to act as hydrodynamic particles, these phenomena can be explained by a combination of particle−wall hydrodynamic interactions and steric restrictions. Theoretical expressions that include those effects have been available for many years, but, even for spheres in pores of constant cross-section, certain hydrodynamic information has been lacking until recently. In particular, the local enhanced drag and local lag coefficient for off-axis positions had not been fully characterized, requiring that results for symmetrically positioned particles (“centerline approximations”) be employed in predicting diffusional and convective hindrances. In this paper the current status of hindered transport theory is reviewed for neutral spheres in long cylindrical pores or slits, and it is shown that such approximations are no longer necessary. N.
Exemple d'application d'un modèle de carbonatation in situ

Un modele de carbonatation atmospherique des betons a ete developpe. Ce modele, de nature physico-chimique et deterministe, fait appel a une description fine du mecanisme de carbonatation; il prend en compte notamment des cinetiques chimiques, des evolutions microstructurales et hydriques induites ainsi que des transferts hydriques et ioniques. Apres validation a partir de resultats d�essais de carbonatation acceleree, ce modele est applique a la prevision de l�etat de degradation d�un ouvrage reel soumis a des conditions naturelles d�exposition. Les donnees de sortie du modele sont comparees avec les resultats experimentaux de suivi de la progression de la carbonatation dans l�ouvrage apres 16 annees d�exposition. Le modele est ensuite utilise pour prevoir la progression de la carbonatation pendant 100 ans. Les donnees d�entree du modele correspondent aux indicateurs de durabilite classiques mesures sur le materiau et aux enregistrements hygrometriques qui caracterisent l�environnement. La cinetique chimique de carbonatation est ajustee a partir des profils de carbonatation mesures sur une pâte de ciment (formulee a partir du meme ciment que le beton d�ouvrage) carbonatee en conditions accelerees de laboratoire.