Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review on Evaluation and Configuration of Fault Injection Attack Instruments to Design Attack Resistant MCU-Based IoT Applications

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) has gained significant importance in all aspects of daily life, and there are many areas of application for it. Despite the rate of expansion and the development of infrastructure, such systems also bring new concerns and challenges. Security and privacy are at the top of the list and must be carefully considered by designers and manufacturers. Not only do the devices need to be protected against software and network-based attacks, but proper attention must also be paid to recently emerging hardware-based attacks. However, low-cost unit software developers are not always sufficiently aware of existing vulnerabilities due to these kinds of attacks. To tackle the issue, various platforms are proposed to enable rapid and easy evaluation against physical attacks. Fault attacks are the noticeable type of physical attacks, in which the normal and secure behavior of the targeted devices is liable to be jeopardized. Indeed, such attacks can cause serious malfunctions in the underlying applications. Various studies have been conducted in other research works related to the different aspects of fault injection. Two of the primary means of fault attacks are clock and voltage fault injection. These attacks can be performed with a moderate level of knowledge, utilizing low-cost facilities to target IoT systems. In this paper, we explore the main parameters of the clock and voltage fault generators. This can help hardware security specialists to develop an open-source platform and to evaluate their design against such attacks. The principal concepts of both methods are studied for this purpose. Thereafter, we conclude our paper with the need for such an evaluation platform in the design and production cycle of embedded systems and IoT devices.
Performance Analysis of LDS Multi Access Technique and New 5G Waveforms for V2X Communication

Low Density Signature (LDS) is an emerging non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique that has never been evaluated under a vehicular channel in order to simulate the environment of a vehicle to everything (V2X) communication. Moreover, the LDS structure has been combined with only Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Filter-Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) waveforms to improve its performances. In this paper, we propose new schemes where the LDS structure is combined with Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) and Filtered-OFDM waveforms and the Bit Error Rate (BER) is analysed over a frequency selective channel as a reference and over a vehicular channel to analyse the effect of the Doppler shift on the overall performance.
Detection and Tracking Method of Maritime Moving Targets Based on Geosynchronous Orbit Satellite Optical Images

The GF-4 geosynchronous orbit satellite can observe a large area for a long time, but the unique characteristics of its optical remote sensing image restrict the detection of maritime targets. This paper proposes a maritime target detection and tracking method for the GF-4 satellite image sequence based on the differences in information between frames in the image sequence. First, a preprocessing method is proposed for the unique characteristics of the image. Then, the ViBe (Visual Background Extractor) algorithm is used to extract the targets in the image sequence. After detection, the DCF-CSR (discriminative correlation filters with channel and spatial reliability) is used as a tracker to track and correlate the detected target to complete the task of predicting and monitoring the targets’ movements. Finally, through the comparative analysis of experiments with several classic methods, the feasibility and effectiveness of this method are verified.
Ste20-Related Kinase SLK Phosphorylates Ser188 of RhoA to Induce Vasodilation in Response to Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Activation

The small G protein Rho signaling pathways are recognized as major regulators of cardiovascular functions, and activation of Rho proteins appears to be a common component for the pathogenesis of hypertension and vascular proliferative disorders. Recent evidence suggests that modulation of Rho protein signaling by phosphorylation of Rho proteins provides an additional simple mechanism for coordinating Rho protein functions. Phosphorylation of RhoA by cAMP- or cGMP-activated kinase on Ser188 induces cytosolic sequestration of RhoA through increased interaction with guanine dissociation inhibitor, thereby resulting in inhibition of RhoA-dependent functions. Here we show that stimulation of angiotensin II (Ang II) type 2 receptor (AT2R) in vascular smooth muscle cells induces Ser188 phosphorylation of RhoA independently of cAMP- or cGMP-activated kinase. We identify the Ser/Thr kinase Ste20-related kinase SLK as a new kinase phosphorylating RhoA on Ser188. Activation of the signaling cascade involving Src hom.
Design and fabrication of an ergonomic sitting stool with storage capability

The paper presents design, development, and fabrication of a modern and ergonomic sitting stool with storage capability, for the Electronic Learning Center (ELC) of Jerudong International School (JIS), Brunei Darussalam. Dimensions of the stool are based on anthropometric data of teenage students of 18 years of age. It is fabricated using readily available materials that can be reused and recycled which makes the stool environmentally friendly. It is designed and developed after analyzing the available stools in the market. The analysis is performed based on product specifications such as aesthetics, cost, function, size, materials, environment-friendliness, and safety. The stool is termed a better solution by the supervisor and senior students of the ELC that could solve the problem of limited desk space at ELC, provide comfortable seating for students, and also provide the students with enough space to store their books, folders, bags, pencil case, and their water bottle in the storage compartment of the stool.
Optical and electrical properties of Ti-doped β-Ga2O3 (Ti3+:β-Ga2O3) bulk crystals grown by floating zone method

While β-Ga2O3 has recently attracted a lot of attention for applications in UV detection and high-power electronics as an ultrawide-band gap semiconductor with a direct band gap Eg ≈ 4.8 eV, it has been also found that crystalline β-Ga2O3 doped with trivalence titanium (Ti3+:β-Ga2O3) is a potential material for ultrafast and tunable laser applications. As a semiconductor and as a laser medium, the optical and electrical properties are critical to its broad applications. In this paper we report the optical and electrical properties of intentionally, Ti-doped β‐Ga2O3 bulk crystals (TiGaO) grown by the float-zone method in comparison with their counterpart: the unintentionally doped ones. The optical and electrical properties of TiGaO crystals, both the as-grown and those annealed in 600 °C and 1000 °C, were investigated by transmittance and reflectance spectroscopy and by thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy. The optical constants were determined by our approximation-free approach, and the photocurrents (PCs) and electronic defects of the crystals due to titanium doping were analyzed and compared. We measured reflectance and transmittance on the double-side polished samples, and then derived closed-form expressions for the absorption and reflection coefficients, α and R, respectively, in terms of measured reflectance and transmittance, Rm and Tm. The real (η) and imaginary (κ) parts of the index of refraction (n = η + iκ) can be also obtained from α and R. Then, we used TSC spectroscopy to study the electrical properties and deep level defects in TiGaO crystals. The Ti-doped TiGaO crystals are resistive but annealing further increases the resistivity and shrinks slightly the bandgap. The as-grown samples have little photoresponse but after annealing they show negative PCs upon UV illumination, indicating annealing generates multiple recombination centers in the crystals. Nevertheless, they all have a dark current activation energy of 1.01 eV, which might be attributed to titanium doping that is different to the undoped ones which usually have an activation energy of 0.84 eV attributed to a trace amount of iron as is reported in literature.
Spanish in contact with Korean: New insights into language switching

‘Code-switching’ (CS) refers to language-mixing where individuals who speak two or more languages switch from one to another, often mid-sentence. Several morpho-syntactic constraints governing when switches happen have been proposed in prior work, mostly on Spanish-English CS (e.g. Timm, 1975; Pfaff, 1979; Poplack, 1980). However, what happens when the languages are typologically different? This is the case with Spanish-Korean CS, which has not been systematically investigated. Korean and Spanish differ in many respects, including clause structure/word order, absence/presence of articles, and morphology (Korean: agglutinative, Spanish: fusional) (Kwon, 2012; Bosque, Demonte, Lázaro, Pavón & Española, 1999). For the present study, balanced Spanish-Korean bilinguals were interviewed to obtain a naturalistic corpus of CS. Strikingly, we find that many constraints proposed for Spanish-English CS do not hold for Spanish-Korean. Specifically, there are three main ways that Spanish-Korean CS violates the constraints proposed for Spanish-English: (i) in contexts involving word order/clause structure, (ii) on the level of nouns and (iii) on the level of morphemes. Crucially, the violations are not random: We suggest that they stem from the typological differences between Korean and Spanish. This work highlights the empirical and theoretical benefits of including typologically diverse language pairs when investigating CS.
[99mTc]Tc-DGA1, a Promising CCK2R-Antagonist-Based Tracer for Tumor Diagnosis with SPECT.

Radiolabeled gastrin analogs have been proposed for theranostics of cholecystokinin subtype 2 receptor (CCK2R)-positive cancer. Peptide radioligands based on other receptor-antagonists have displayed superior pharmacokinetics and higher biosafety than agonists. We here present DGA1, a derivative of the non-peptidic CCK2R-antagonist Z-360 carrying an acyclic tetraamine for [99mTc]Tc-labeling. Preclinical comparison of [99mTc]Tc-DGA1 with [99mTc]Tc-DG2 (CCK2R-agonist reference) was conducted in HEK293-CCK2R/CCK2i4svR cells and mice models, qualifying [99mTc]Tc-DGA1 for further study in patients with CCK2R-positive tumors and SPECT/CT.
D-InSAR Analysis of Sentinel-1 Data for Landslide Detection in Northern Morocco, Case Study: Chefchaouen

Land surface displacement caused by landslides is among the most damaging phenomena in northern Morocco. In this paper, we measure ground deformation in the Chefchaouen area which is a zone characterized by geological formations and structurally complex losses that promote instability (landslide, mudflow, block falls, etc.) leading to slow to extremely slow deformation phenomena, which require an interferometric study, using the DinSAR (differential interferometric synthetic Aperture Radar) technique with sentinel 1 images in bance C, which is a powerful tool for the detection and analysis of interferences and monitoring of ground deformations. We worked on four areas of the study area. Its points are provided by the direction of the roads, which generates Interferograms and then deformation maps with precision in mm/year.
The Need Analysis of Chemistry Module Based on Guided Discovery to Facilitate Critical Thinking and Chemical Literacy Ability

This research aims to find out how students and teachers need of chemistry modules based on guided discovery to improve critical thinking and chemical literacy ability. The research method used is qualitative. Data were collected through observation, interview, and questionnaire distribution. The subjects of this research were students of XI grade in three schools that contained 36 students of Senior High School 1 Ponorogo, 36 students of Senior High School 1 Badegan Ponorogo, and 30 students of Senior High School 1 Balong Ponorogo. Besides interviews were conducted with four chemistry teachers in the three schools in Ponorogo. The results showed that 82,35% of students stated that the development of a chemistry module based on guided discovery is needed. Students stated that the stages in guided discovery could guide them to understand the concepts being learned. There are 78,43% of students stated that the chemistry module based on guided discovery could help them to think more critically and improve their chemical literacy ability. It is because, the guided discovery could guide students to construct concepts, so learning activities are more meaningful and they more easily understand the lesson. Based on the results of the interviews, the four teachers from Senior High School 1 Ponorogo, Senior High School 1 Badegan Ponorogo, and Senior High School 1 Balong Ponorogo stated that the stages in guided discovery could train students' critical thinking and chemical literacy ability. Then, learning activities using guided discovery models will be carried out well if supported by the appropriate module.
Revealing electromigration on dielectrics and metals through the step-bunching instability

Electromigration, due to its technological and scientific significance, has been a subject of extensive studies for many years. We present evidence of electromigration in dielectric materials, namely $C$-plane sapphire, obtained from direct experimental observation of an atomic step-bunching instability driven by electromigration. We further expand upon our previously reported findings of electromigration induced step-bunching transformation of a metal surface. The only system where electromigration driven step bunching has been observed and comprehensively investigated is the low index surfaces of silicon. In this study we show that electromigration driven SB can be induced on a variety of crystallographic surfaces, including metals and insulating oxides, and may be more prevalent than previously thought. Electric fields were applied at high temperature to W(110) and $\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{l}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(0001)$ crystals whereupon their surface reordered to a morphology closely resembling that of Si(111) with atomic steps bunched by electromigration. This suggests that the mechanism of step bunching on the W(110), $\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{l}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(0001)$, and Si(111) can be fundamentally the same. Annealing W(110) offcut in the [001] direction with an up-step current produced a morphology with the bunch edges composed of zigzag segments meeting at a right angle.
Above-ground biomass estimation of mangrove forest using WorldView-2 imagery in Perancak Estuary, Bali

Global warming is the important issues because is caused by the concentration increase of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. Mangrove ecosystem has a function to reduce climate change through carbon sequestration. Estimates of biomass can be done through an approach from the value of vegetation biomass. Allometric equations method is used for calculating biomass values. Remote sensing technology is used for mapping mangrove ecosystems to determine the spatial distribution of mangrove biomass that is WorldView-2 (WV-2) image. Transformation of the vegetation index are Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) are used to estimate of mangrove forest biomass. The aim of this study is to determine the most accurate vegetation index in estimating the mangrove above-ground biomass (AGB) value. The field biomass data was obtained from mangrove tree diameter at breast height (DBH) measurement. Using the allometric equation, the field AGB can be calculated. A regression analysis between field biomass and WV-2 image pixel value was performed to build regression function to estimate the mangrove AGB. The results of this study show that the SAVI provided higher accuracy for mangrove AGB estimation with R2 of 0.4125 and resulting the AGB value between 1124.81 to 4499.25 kg/m.
Impacts of dairy cooperatives in smallholder dairy production systems: a case study in Assam

This paper assesses the impact of membership of dairy cooperative societies (DCS) on the performance of smallholder dairy production systems in Assam using matching techniques. Findings show that membership of DCS contributes towards improving yields of dairy animals, farm income and employment; and also, to household milk consumption. Nonetheless, it does not have a significant impact on technology adoption. The milk prices offered by dairy cooperatives are also less compared to the prices in wet market. These results indicate towards the need to improve dairy farmers linkages through cooperatives or other such instituions.
Invertebrate settlement and diversity on a glass sponge reef

Glass sponge reefs are an ecosystem unique to the continental shelf of the northeast Pacific Ocean. Due to their vulnerability and limited distribution, several sponge reef protection initiatives exist within Canadian waters with the common goal of conserving biodiversity. To date, the biodiversity associated with sponge reefs has largely been assessed using remote video methods that allow us to describe large fauna associated with the reefs. However, small organisms are typically missed, resulting in an underestimate of reef-associated biodiversity. In this study we aimed to further describe invertebrate biodiversity associated with sponge reefs. Sponge reefs recently discovered in Howe Sound, British Columbia are within safe recreational SCUBA diving limits allowing us to examine macrofaunal settlement timing and community structure using diver-deployed settlement plates. We examined the effect of settlement plate material and elevation above the benthos within the reef on invertebrate community structure. A total of 70 taxa settled on the plates representing 10 phyla, including two phyla not previously described on sponge reefs: Nemertea (ribbon worms) and Platyhelminthes (flatworms). There were no significant differences in taxa richness, diversity, or community structure associated with settlement plate material or height above the benthos. Ours is the first report of invertebrate settlement on a sponge reef in the Salish Sea and the first description of larval settlement timing for nine invertebrate species in the northeast Pacific.
Evolution of liquid chromatography: Technologies and applications

Liquid chromatographic offers efficient analyte separation employing high pressure pumps. The reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is widely utilized in the purity testing and quantitative determination of pharmaceuticals and neutraceuticals. The limitations of traditional liquid chromatography such as particle size, resolution and selectivity demanded for the developments and Waters Corporation developed ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Ultrafast liquid chromatography (UFLC) is another milestone, which offers faster and efficient separation. Multidimensional UHPLC provides separation of complex molecules. The particle size decrease enhances the resolution of LC separation. Ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH), Charged surface hybrid (CSH) and Peptide separation technology (PST) offer better performance in. The amalgamation of chromatographic and spectroscopic detectors namely fluorescence detector (FD) and mass spectrometry (MS) provides efficient separation. Liquid chromatography (LC) offers the analysis of pharmaceuticals, biological, food materials, and natural products. This review covers technologies and recent pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of liquid chromatography technologies
Formability prediction of the Al1050/SS304 sandwich composite sheet by using a numerical and experimental approach

ABSTRACT The present study investigates the formability of the Aluminium (Al1050)/Steel (SS304) bimetallic sandwich composite sheet. The formability was predicted by generating the forming limit diagram (FLD) by using the experimental approach. The recorded strain distribution in terms of major and minor strain by using the digital correlation method was utilised for the generation of FLD. The failure in the utilised Al1050/SS304 sandwich composite sheet for the deep drawing of the cup was detected by recording the thickness strain distribution by using a numerical and experimental approach. The calculated thickness strain distribution in the deep drawn Al1050/SS304 sandwich composite cup was integrated with the strain non-uniformity index (SNI) approach for identifying defects such as thinning and thickening. The contribution of the individual sandwiched metal sheet on such kind of defects was also explored. The results signify that the prediction of the formability and identification of defects such as tearing and wrinkling for the deep drawn Al1050/SS304 sandwich composite cup can be performed precisely.
Analysis of leaves trichomes of Eclipta prostrata, Eleutheranthera ruderalis, Synedrella nodiflora, and Tridax procumbens (Asteraceae, Heliantheae)

Asteraceae is a family of flowering plants distributed widely in the terrestrial regions. Asteraceae are grouped into several tribes. Species of the Heliantheae tribe including Eclipta prostrata, Eleutheranthera ruderalis, Synedrella nodiflora, and Tridax procumbens are the most commonly found at Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok. The research was conducted to describe the morphology and the density of leaves trichomes as a species identification character and for classification purpose that has taxonomic value within several species of tribe Heliantheae. The digital images of leaves were captured using a Dino-Lite digital microscope device and Dino capture 2.0 application to measure the area of leaves and the number of trichomes. The number of trichomes was calculated using ImageJ software. The light microscope was used to observe the trichome morphology. The results showed that trichomes density in young leaves was higher than in the old leaves. Eclipta prostrata, Eleutheranthera ruderalis, and Synedrella nodiflora showed micromorphology of trichome with ornamentation on the surface of the trichome, while Tridax procumbens not. The numbers of leaves trichomes per unit area were also different between species of Heliantheae tribe. Eclipta prostrata has the lowest number of trichomes density with a range of trichomes from 1.15/mm2 to 6.375/mm2 on the surface of young leaves and old leaves. Synedrella nodiflora has the highest trichomes density with a range of trichomes from 2.68/mm2 to 15.71/mm2. The four members of the Heliantheae tribe have a higher density of leaves trichomes on the lower surface (abaxial) than the upper surface (adaxial) of the leaves.
Indicators for the Compression and Stretching Characteristics of the HTF-Coordinate of WRF

The HTF-coordinate is a feature that has been imported into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 4, and it is important to understand how it can be used efficiently. Indicators are needed to describe the characteristics of the distribution of the vertical coordinate and to evaluate the rationality of the configuration of the HTF-coordinate. Such indicators, including the maximum factor of compression (MFC), eta corresponding to the MFC, and the critical point of compression (CPC), were defined and calculated in this study. The indicators were also validated to efficiently and accurately describe the characteristics of the distribution of the vertical coordinate of the WRF model. They constituted the integrated system to resolve the problem of the configuration of the HTF-coordinate of WRF. The nonmonotonicity, compression, and stretching that were caused by the nonlinearity of the HTF-coordinate were also illustrated and validated.