Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparation of superhydrophobic coatings with alkyltrichlorosilanes for Pinus kesiya wood

Abstract To explore the typical alkyltrichlorosilane and optimal volume ratio of the alkyltrichlorosilane-toluene solutions for preparing superhydrophobic Pinus kesiya wood, four alkyltrichlorosilanes: methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS), butyltrichlorosilane (BTCS), dodecyltrichlorosilane (DTCS), and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTCS) were each used to modify the wood samples at different volume ratios of alkyltrichlorosilane-toluene solutions. The Pinus kesiya wood specimens were immersed in the solutions to fabricate superhydrophobic coatings on the wood surface. The wettability of the modified wood surfaces was characterized by water contact angle and water uptake values. The chemical composition of the wood samples was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and the surface morphology of the modified wood samples was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result showed that all types of alkyltrichlorosilane-modified wood changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The wood specimens had the highest water contact angle of 151.8 ± 0.4° and lowest water uptake of 18 ± 0.6 wt. % when 0.25 vol.% MTCS and 0.25 vol.% OTCS solutions were applied, respectively.
A Study on Dominant Mechanism and Analytical Model of Low-Frequency Noise in FD-SOI pTFET

The origin of low-frequency noise (LFN) properties and the accuracy of LFN model were demonstrated in a fully depleted silicon-on-insulator p-type tunneling field-effect transistor (pTFET). We demonstrated that the origin of LFN properties in pTFET can be deduced and analyzed via the current fluctuation induced by tunneling in the pTFET operation region. Since the trap sites near the tunneling junction contributed to LFN, pTFET must consider the tunneling junction characteristics and channel transportation influences. The tunneling path was not formed at low <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$|V_{GS}|$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the carrier transport in pTFET crossed the energy band by Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) generation–recombination or the trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) mechanism and not through band-to-band tunneling (BTBT). However, with the increase in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$|V_{GS}|$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the tunneling path was formed and the carriers could flow through the energy band by BTBT. The correlation between the simulated model data and experimental data was examined, confirming that the proposed small-signal model accurately represents noise in pTFETs.
Semi-Platform Tolerant 20-bit Chipless RFID Tag Composed of Dipole Array Closely Coupled to Plate

In this paper novel semi-platform tolerant 20-bits chipless RFID tag based on array of dipoles closely coupled to metallic plate of the size 60 × 60 mm is presented. Quality factor of single dipole-plate is analysed to better understand the resonant behavior of the scatterer. RCS response level about 15 dBsm, spectral bit capacity > 15 bit/GHz and good frequency and amplitude stability of the RCS represent promising solution for chipless RFID systems.
Lossy Polynomial Datapath Synthesis

The design of the compute elements of hardware, its datapath, plays a crucial role in determining the speed, area and power consumption of a device. The building blocks of datapath are polynomial in nature. Research into the implementation of adders and multipliers has a long history and developments in this area will continue. Despite such efficient building block implementations, correctly determining the necessary precision of each building block within a design is a challenge. It is typical that standard or uniform precisions are chosen, such as the IEEE floating point precisions. The hardware quality of the datapath is inextricably linked to the precisions of which it is composed. There is, however, another essential element that determines hardware quality, namely that of the accuracy of the components. If one were to implement each of the official IEEE rounding modes, significant differences in hardware quality would be found. But in the same fashion that standard precisions may be unnecessarily chosen, it is typical that components may be constructed to return one of these correctly rounded results, where in fact such accuracy is far from necessary. Unfortunately if a lesser accuracy is permissible then the techniques that exist to reduce hardware implementation cost by exploiting such freedom invariably produce an error with extremely difficult to determine properties. This thesis addresses the problem of how to construct hardware to efficiently implement fixed and floating-point polynomials while exploiting a global error freedom. This is a form of lossy synthesis. The fixed-point contributions include resource minimisation when implementing mutually exclusive polynomials, the construction of minimal lossy components with guaranteed worst case error and a technique for efficient composition of such components. Contributions are also made to how a floating-point polynomial can be implemented with guaranteed relative error.
Exploring Factors Triggering Individual Knowledge Hiding at the eCommerce Operation Workplace

Knowledge often requires both experience (implicit knowledge) and exploration (explicit knowledge) (Park and Gabbard, 2018); the knowledge in the e-commerce industry is constantly changing. E-commerce companies must figure out knowledge hiding behaviors inside the organization and eliminate them. Although knowledge management and knowledge sharing implementation have been conducted in organizations academically and practically for many years, employees still share knowledge reluctantly. For instance, in an e-commerce company with multiple online shops, operators are reluctant to share knowledge with colleagues since the techniques and the newest information have huge impacts on the online sales, which will affect the operator’s income and job stability in future (Han, Hampson and Wang, 2021). However, it is detrimental to the overall interests of the company because knowledge can bring competitive advantages to enterprises, and ensure that enterprises are distinguished from other organizations and occupy a favorable position in commercial competition. This paper investigated the antecedents of employees’ knowledge hiding behavior from the knowledge type perspective and explores each path behind the individual type of knowledge: job insecurity path and timeliness path. At the same time, considering the existing fact that companies already have policies that encourage knowledge sharing but still have knowledge hiding behaviors, this paper also explores whether employees’ perception toward corporate knowledge sharing strategies will affect the above two paths. The empirical data was collected from nearly 400 employees (frontline operators and junior managers) from six e-commerce business entities in China. The results verified that employees with a stronger perception of career plateau tend to hide tacit knowledge (derived from their experience) due to job insecurity behind. As to explicit knowledge, the higher the timeliness of the knowledge, the less likely it is that employees would like to hide their knowledge.
Investigation of Gas Seeding for Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence in Hypersonic Boundary Layers

Numerical simulations of the gas-seeding strategies required for planar laser-induced fluorescence in a Mach 10 (approximately Mach 8.2 postshock) airflow were performed. The work was performed to understand and quantify the adverse effects associated with gas seeding and to assess various types of seed gas that could potentially be used in future experiments. In prior experiments, NO and NO2 were injected through a slot near the leading edge of a flat-plate wedge model used in NASA Langley Research Center’s 31 in. Mach 10 air tunnel facility. In this paper, nitric oxide, krypton, and iodine gases were simulated at various injection rates. Simulations showing the deflection of the velocity boundary layer for each of the cases are presented. Streamwise distributions of velocity and concentration boundary-layer thicknesses, as well as vertical distributions of velocity, temperature, and mass distributions, are presented for each of the cases. A comparison between simulated streamwise velocity profiles and e.
FPGA Implementation of RDMA-Based Data Acquisition System Over 100-Gb Ethernet

This paper presents remote direct memory access (RDMA) over the Ethernet protocol used for data acquisition systems, currently under development at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The protocol is implemented on Xilinx Ultrascale + field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), thanks to the 100G hard media access controller (MAC) internet protocol (IP). The proposed protocol is fairly compared with the well-known RDMA over converged Ethernet (RoCE-V2) protocol using a commercial network adapter from Mellanox. The obtained results show the superiority of the proposed algorithm over RoCE-V2 in terms of data throughput. Performance tests on the 100G link show that it can reach a maximum stable link performance of 90 Gb/s with minimum packet sizes greater than 1 kB and 95 Gb/s for packet sizes greater than 32 kB.
Predictors of parental stress and family function one year after rapid unprepared return: A preliminary analysis from five nations

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, some governments issued mandates requiring that residential care providers rapidly return children and youth to family. The goal of the present study was to assess outcomes in a sample of families experiencing rapid unprepared return. Specifically, we sought to evaluate the placement stability, assess support services provided to families, and examine how services received impacted parental stress and family functioning. Participants and Setting: 115 families who had experienced rapid unprepared return across five nations, including Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Mexico, and Uganda. Using a quantitative design, results examined (1) placement stability, (2) services received, and (3) the impact of services on family wellbeing. Data revealed the majority of families were still intact after 1 year. More robust support services were associated with lower parental stress and better family functioning. Occupational/financial support, such as financial assistance and job training, and material support, such as home repairs and food assistance, were vital to family wellbeing 1 year following rapid unprepared return. Rapid unprepared return creates risks to families and children, and should not be continued or repeated. However, emergency situations, government mandates or unexpected crises may force conditions for rapid unprepared return. For families that have experienced rapid unprepared return, intensive support and appropriate case management can improve the likelihood of positive outcomes and improve family wellbeing.
Therapeutic Effects and influence factors of Extracopreal Shock Wave in Treatment of Patellar Tendinitis

Patellar tendinitis is a common disease due to long-term overloading or incorrect exercise. There are many treatments for patellar tendinitis, but there is currently no accepted best treatment. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, as a safe and promising treatment, has recently been used for patellar tendinitis. This article aims to analyze the therapeutic effect of different types of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on patellar tendinitis and their treatment parameters. Results show that it mainly includes focus shock waves therapy and radial shock waves therapy. Both types have the advantages of less trauma, obvious effect, and fewer complications compared with traditional treatment methods. The main influencing factors for the therapeutic effects of both methods on patellar tendinitis include the treatment cycle, energy selection, and types of shock waves.
A self-adaptive multiple-fault diagnosis system for rolling element bearings

The inevitable simultaneous formation of multiple-faults in bearings generates severe vibrations, causing premature component failure and unnecessary downtime. For accurate diagnosis of multiple-faults, machine learning (ML) models need to be trained with the signature of different multiple-faults, which increases the data acquisition time and expense. This paper proposes a self-adaptive vibration signature-based fault diagnostic method for detecting multiple bearing faults using various single-fault vibration signatures. A time-frequency-based hybrid signal processing technique, which involves discrete wavelet transform and Hilbert transform, was adopted for signal decomposition, followed by the implementation of a sliding window-based feature extraction process. Seven optimized metaheuristic algorithms were used to find the best feature sets, which were further used for the training of three ML models. The results show that the proposed methodology has tremendous potential to detect multiple bearing fault conditions in any possible combination using single-fault data. This will be helpful where accessibility to large amounts of data is limited for multiple-fault diagnosis.
Network Pharmacology-Based Investigation on Therapeutic Mechanisms of the Angelica dahurica Radix and Ligusticum chuanxiong Rhizoma Herb Pair for Anti-Migraine Effect

Migraines are a common neurological disorder characterized by desperate throbbing unilateral headaches and are related to phonophobia, photophobia, nausea, and vomiting. The Angelica dahurica Radix and Ligusticum chuanxiong Rhizoma herb pair (ALHP) has been used to treat migraines for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the physiological mechanisms of migraine treatment have not yet been elucidated. In this study, a total of 50 hub targets related to the effect of 28 bioactive compounds in ALHP on anti-migraine were obtained through network pharmacology analysis. GO and KEGG analyses of the hub targets demonstrated that ALHP treatment of migraines significantly involved the G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, chemical synaptic transmission, inflammatory response, and other biological processes. According to the degree of gene targets in the network, ACE, SLC3A6, NR3CI, MAPK1, PTGS2, PIK3CA, RELA, GRIN1, GRM5, IL1B, and DRD2 were found to be the core gene targets. The docking results showed a high affinity for docked conformations between compounds and predicted targets. The results of this study suggest that ALHP could treat migraines by regulating immunological functions, diminishing inflammation, and improving immunity through different physiological pathways, which contributes to the scientific base for more in-depth research as well as for a more widespread clinical application of ALHP.
Difficulties in Using Articles among EFL University Students: An Experimental Study

Abstract Starting to learn English articles ‘a/an, the, and the zero article’ is a major challenge for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. Articles are very common morphemes, and their usage is difficult for EFL learners, and it usually causes even the most advanced non-native speakers of English (NNS) to commit mistakes. Iraqi EFL students have difficulties when using English articles. This may affect negatively their exam scores. The current study conducted in the Department of English, College of Education for Women, University of Baghdad, Iraq. This research highlights Iraqi EFL first-year students’ mistakes and difficulties in using English articles. The study aims to investigate these mistakes and tries to find an appropriate solution for them. To fulfil the aims of this study, the researcher adopted pre and posttests as instruments for collecting data. The data has been analyzed by the statistical program SPSS. This study identifies the difficulties that are encountered when Iraqi EFL students use English articles.
The Reversed Field Pinch toward magnetic order: a genuine self- organization

During the last decade, experimental and theoretical results induced a change of paradigm for the Reversed Field Pinch, (RFP). Indeed, experiments in present generation devices back up the new theoretical understanding of this alternative configuration for magnetic confinement: the basic nature of the system can be described as a self‐organized helical state corresponding to the nonlinear saturation of a kink‐tearing mode. This perspective was somewhat anticipated by older pioneering 3D nonlinear MHD. Very importantly from a theoretical point of view and with respect to confinement properties, the existence of RFP equilibrium with perfectly conserved helical confining magnetic surfaces comes into play. This is at variance with the previous traditional idea of the RFP as a relaxed axis‐symmetric state, which, by theoretical arguments, requires the action of turbulence to accomplish and to maintain relaxation. In this presentation we propose a summary and discussion of the achievements in this subject, incl.
Exploring the impediments on the application of reflective teaching in EFL paragraph writing classes

Abstract Many theoretical and practical impediments prevent the full implementation of reflective teaching in English as a Foreign Language academic setting. This study aimed to explore potential impediments on the application of reflective teaching in English as a Foreign Language paragraph writing class. The qualitative design was used to describe the in-depth study of teachers’ and students’ challenges in employing reflective teaching when teaching paragraph writing. The total populations of the study were second year English major students. Of which 10 students to carry out interview and 6 students to have Focus Group Discussion were selected by purposive sampling. From 13 English teachers, one English teacher was selected by convenient sampling to easily access data from his journal writing and interview. Two other English teachers were selected by the same sampling technique to have classroom observations and provide peer feedbacks to another English teacher on students’ paragraph writing classes. The data gathered were subjected to thematic analysis. The findings disclosed that administrational, egocentric, reflective teaching, and paragraph writing impediments deemed to be hindrances for teachers and students for effective application of reflective teaching in EFL paragraph writing classes. On the basis of the findings, researchers concluded that reflective teaching could have potential impediments such that English teachers and students couldn’t appropriately implement it in EFL paragraph writing classes securely.
The Effect of Green Self-Identity on Perceived Image, Warm Glow and Willingness to Purchase: A New Generation’s Perspective towards Eco-Friendly Restaurants

Compared to other generations, Generation Z (Gen Z) tend to be more concerned with environmental problems, prefer healthier food options, and are willing to pay premium prices for eco-friendly food products. Until now, however, this market segment had not been the focus of any sustainability research in the restaurant context. The present study fills this gap while exploring if green self-identity (one’s alignment with environmental concerns) influences perceptions of green restaurants (one’s perceived image of green restaurants) and warm glow feeling (one’s good feeling from patronizing green restaurants), which in turn affect willingness to pay. Data was collected from 388 Gen Z participants through a questionnaire survey, and covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) was used to examine the study’s model. The results indicate warm glow is generated when individuals with green self-identity acknowledge restaurants are using green practices, which in turn influences their willingness to pay at green restaurants. Additionally, the findings of this study advance the theoretical viewpoints for social exchange theory (SET), identity theory, and green consumption in the restaurant industry. For practical implementation, restaurateurs can improve their businesses by developing their green image, initiating green design, and incorporating eco-friendly activities to enhance patrons’ dining experience.
The probability ranking principle in IR

The principle that, for optimal retrieval, documents should be ranked in order of the probability of relevance or usefulness has been brought into question by Cooper. It is shown that the principle can be justified under certain assumptions, but that in cases where these assumptions do not hold, the principle is not valid. The major problem appears to lie in the way the principle considers each document independently of the rest. The nature of the information on the basis of which the system decides whether or not to retrieve the documents determines whether the document‐by‐document approach is valid.
Optimal Powertrain Energy Management for Autonomous Hybrid Electric Vehicles With Flexible Driveline Power Demand Using Approximate Dynamic Programming

The increasing number of vehicles, the excessive use of fossil fuels, and the related safety and environmental issues have motivated studies on autonomous vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). In this article, we focus on the control of the powertrain energy management for an autonomous HEV. A new powertrain control strategy is enabled by leveraging one of the uniqueness in the powertrain management of an autonomous vehicle, i.e., the instantaneous power generated by the powertrain does not need to exactly follow the power demand by the vehicle motion controller. This is referred to as flexible power demand, which adds an extra degree of freedom to the powertrain energy management, and can lead to control design achieving better fuel economy. The powertrain control is then formulated under the Approximate Dynamic Programming (ADP) framework, and the power flexibility is incorporated in the ADP formulation. At last, an example of multiple connected HEVs following a leader vehicle operating in an off-road scenario is given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
Learning from the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis to Overcome the Global Environmental Crisis

The COVID-19 crisis and the environmental crisis share a range of similarities. Both crises take place on a global scale and affect all aspects of our lives. However, we humans respond differently to these challenges. Here, we compare and comment on characteristics of the COVID-19 crisis and the environmental crisis, explore how far these two crises are comparable, and what we can learn from actions that have been taken against the COVID-19 crisis. We discuss how human societies are affected by the respective crises, and analyze policy makers’ responses and offer pathways to better inform policy. We highlight the role of science, which significantly contributed to decision making throughout the COVID-19 crisis, but seems frequently underrepresented in the environmental crisis. We conclude that there are significant differences between the two crises in terms of perceptibility and thus communicability. While problems and solutions in the COVID-19 crisis are largely linearly correlated, the challenges of the environmental crisis are far more complex and decoupled, and thus appear much more complex and are often only perceived with difficulty by humans. Thus, tackling the environmental crisis is much more challenging than solving the COVID-19 crisis. To overcome the environmental crisis, purely technical approaches for combating symptoms are not sufficient. However, political interests are usually short-term, and do not correspond with the temporal and spatial scales of global change. There is an urgent need to improve institutionalized scientific advisory mechanisms and to empower global policy makers who are independent of local interest groups. Furthermore, we need the sound communication of complex interactions to the general public and the translation of scientific findings into action. One possibility to achieve this is to bring together natural scientists with expertise in biology, climate and geosciences and social scientists, psychologists, and, possibly, artists.