Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the equilibrium of tide-dominated ebb-tidal deltas

[1] This study focuses on identifying physical mechanisms that lead to symmetric, tide-dominated ebb-tidal deltas. An idealized morphodynamic model is developed and analyzed to demonstrate that these deltas can be modeled as morphodynamic equilibria (no evolving bathymetry). It is assumed that the large-scale alongshore tidal currents are small compared to the cross-shore tidal currents, that waves have shore-normal incidence, that the tidal velocity profile over the inlet is symmetric with respect to the midaxis, and that the Coriolis force can be ignored. The modeled tidal hydrodynamics are characterized by an ebb jet during the ebb phase of the tide and a radial inflow pattern during flood. Two residual eddies are formed. The mechanism behind these current patterns is explained with vorticity concepts. The modeled bottom patterns are similar to those of observed symmetric tide-dominated ebb-tidal deltas. In the center of the tidal inlet an ebb-dominated channel is observed that branches further offshore into two flood-dominated channels. At the end of the ebb-dominated channel a shoal is present. Varying the tidal prism, the width of the tidal inlet, the wave height, and the bed slope coefficient in the sediment transport formulation within the range of observed values leaves these patterns qualitatively unchanged. However, the exact extent and shape of the modeled deltas are affected by these parameters. Compared to observations, the modeled ebb-tidal delta is smaller and the ebb-dominated channel is shorter. The observed exponent in the power law relation between sand volume of the delta and the tidal prism is recovered and explained with the model.
Central Bank Balance Sheet Analysis

Balance sheet analysis is standard practice for assessing private sector businesses. No such analysis has been applied to central banks previously. We provide the theoretical foundation and rationale for such analysis. This foundation is rooted in the quality theory of money which places special emphasis on subjective factors as a complement to the more conventional quantitative factors that determine money’s purchasing power. The balance sheet of a central bank reveals the quality of the assets backing a currency and serves as an indicator of future monetary policy. Several accounting ratios proxy the quality of money in terms of assets held by the central bank, alluding to potential shifts in its purchasing power. These ratios can also be used to estimate the scope of future monetary policies that are feasible by the central bank.
Electron-phonon coupling in graphene placed between magnetic Li and Si layers on cobalt

Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we study the electronic structure and electron-phonon coupling in a Li-doped graphene monolayer decoupled from the Co(0001) substrate by intercalation of silicon. Based on the photoelectron diffraction measurements, we disclose the structural properties of the Si/Co interface. Our density functional theory calculations demonstrate that in the studied Li/graphene/Si/Co system the magnetism of Co substrate induces notable magnetic moments on Li and Si atoms. At the same time graphene remains almost nonmagnetic and clamped between two magnetically active atomic layers with antiparallel magnetizations. ARPES maps of the graphene Fermi surface reveal strong electron doping, which may lead to superconductivity mediated by electron-phonon coupling (EPC). Analysis of the spectral function of photoelectrons reveals apparent anisotropy of EPC in the k space. These properties make the studied system tempting for studying the relation between superconductivity and magnetism in two-dimensional materials.
Aligned or Askew: Faculty Perceptions of Principal Preparation Programs.

This study was conducted to focus attention on the issues involved in the preparation of school leaders and to provide an enhanced pro le of the perceptions of faculty members involved in principal preparation. Results were used to provide information on the current status of principal preparation programs, suggestions about additional areas needing reform, and recommendations for long term, broadbased research e orts in developing a comprehensive understanding of Educational Administration and Leadership Departments. note: This module has been peer-reviewed, accepted, and sanctioned by the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration (NCPEA) as a signi cant contribution to the scholarship and practice of education administration. In addition to publication in the Connexions Content Commons, this module is published in the International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 1 Volume 4, Number 3 (July September, 2009). Formatted in Connexions by Theodore Creighton, Virginia Tech.
Off-Grid Radar Coincidence Imaging Based on Variational Sparse Bayesian Learning

Radar coincidence imaging (RCI) is a high-resolution staring imaging technique motivated by classical optical coincidence imaging. In RCI, sparse reconstruction methods are commonly used to achieve better imaging result, while the performance guarantee is based on the general assumption that the scatterers are located at the prediscretized grid-cell centers. However, the widely existing off-grid problem degrades the RCI performance considerably. In this paper, an algorithm based on variational sparse Bayesian learning (VSBL) is developed to solve the off-grid RCI. Applying Taylor expansion, the unknown true dictionary is approximated accurately to a linear model. Then target reconstruction is reformulated as a joint sparse recovery problem that recovers three groups of sparse coefficients over three known dictionaries with the constraint of the common support shared by the groups. VSBL is then applied to solve the problem by assigning appropriate priors to the three groups of coefficients. Results of numerical experiments demonstrate that the algorithm can achieve outstanding reconstruction performance and yield superior performance both in suppressing noise and in adapting to off-grid error.
Agency costs, ownership structure and corporate governance mechanisms in Ghana

This paper analyses the relationship between agency costs, ownership structure and corporate governance mechanisms in Ghana for the study period 2000-2009. Our results show that smaller board size and the presence of audit and remuneration committees decrease agency costs. We also find that higher managerial and institutional ownership reduces agency costs. However, duality and the proportion of non-executive directors on the board have no effect on agency costs, suggesting that not all board structure governance mechanisms are effective in mitigating agency costs. Interestingly, the non-board structure code recommendations such as improved shareholder voting rights, the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards and auditor quality have also reduced agency costs. Overall, we find that the introduction of the Ghanaian Code played significant role in reducing agency costs.
Contribution of soybean seed treatment with Fluquinconazole to manage yield losses caused by Phakospora pachyrhizi using meta-analysis

The reduction in efficiency of triazole and strobilurin fungicides sprayed on soybean crops has stimulated investigations into alternative ways of controlling Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi). Treating seeds with fluquinconazole may provide additional benefits in terms of disease management. Results obtained through research are inconclusive, however, with studies presenting both positive and negative outcomes. In cases such as these, meta-analysis is recommended to systematically summarize and quantify the effects of treatment. Data collection brought together 74 different results obtained between 2004 and 2016 on the efficiency of this product in seed treatment. Analysis demonstrated high heterogeneity, indicating variability between study results and therefore the random-effect model was used. This also enabled data to be analysed using moderator variables. Across the datasets, the soybean yield gain with fluquinconazole treated seed was 120. 4 kg.ha -1 with a 95% confidence varying from 66 to 174 kg.ha -1 . There was a 69.4% probability of an increase of 60 kg.ha -
Classification Approach for Intrusion Detection in Vehicle Systems

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) enable wireless communication among Vehicles and Infrastructures. Connected vehicles are promising in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) and smart cities. The main ob-jective of VANET is to improve the safety, comfort, driving efficiency and waiting time on the road. VANET is unlike other ad hoc networks due to its unique characteristics and high mobility. However, it is vulnerable to various security attacks due to the lack of centralized infrastructure. This is a serious threat to the safety of road traffic. The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a bus communication protocol which defines a standard for reliable and efficient transmission between in-vehicle parts simultaneously. The message moves through CAN bus from one node to another node, but it does not have information about the source and destination address for authentication. Thus, the attacker can easily inject any message to lead to system faults. In this paper, we present machine learning techniques to cluster and classify the intrusions in VANET by KNN and SVM algorithms. The intrusion detection technique relies on the analysis of the offset ratio and time interval between the messages request and the response in the CAN.
On a relation between pressure‐based schemes and central schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws

The purpose of this article is to explain in more detail some ideas used recently by the authors to construct a class of hybrid explicit–implicit schemes for solving the two‐fluid model relevant for well and pipe flow simulations (Evje and Flåtten, SIAM J Sci Comput 26 (2005), 1449–1484; Evje and Flåtten, ESIAM: Math Mod Num Anal 39 (2005), 253–274; Evje and Flåtten, J Sci Comput, to appear). We here propose a framework which allows us to implement these ideas for a general system of hyperbolic conservation laws ut + f(u)x = 0. Main ingredients in this construction are (i) a splitting f(u) = g(u) + h(u) of the given flux function f; (ii) a corresponding decomposition of the original set of equations into two subsystems, one set of equations associated with the g flux, another with the h flux; (iii) inclusion of a set of flux evolution equations associated with the flux component h.
PROJECTION-BASED MODEL REDUCTION FOR FINITE ELEMENT APPROXIMATION OF SHALLOW WATER FLOWS

Abstract. The shallow water equations (SWE) are used to model a wide range of environmental flows from dam breaks and riverine hydrodynamics to hurricane storm surge and atmospheric processes. Despite significant gains in numerical model efficiency stemming from algorithmic and hardware improvements, accurate shallow water modeling can still be very computationally intensive. The resulting computational expense remains as a barrier to the inclusion of fully resolved two-dimensional shallow water models in many applications, particularly when the analysis involves optimal design, parameter inversion, risk assessment, and/or uncertainty quantification. Here, we consider projection-based model reduction as a way to alleviate the computational burden associated with high-fidelity shallow-water approximations in ensemble forecast and sampling methodologies. In order to develop a robust approach that can resolve advectiondominated problems with shocks as well as more smoothly varying riverine and estuarine flows, we consider techniques using both Galerkin and Petrov-Galerkin projection on global bases provided by Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). To achieve realistic speedup, we consider alternative methods for the reduction of the non-polynomial nonlinearities that arise in typical finite element formulations. We evaluate the schemes’ performance by considering their accuracy and robustness for test problems in one and two space dimensions.
Frictional melting of peridotite and seismic slip

[1] The evolution of the frictional strength along a fault at seismic slip rates (about 1 m/s) is a key factor controlling earthquake mechanics. At mantle depths, friction-induced melting and melt lubrication may influence earthquake slip and seismological data. We report on laboratory experiments designed to investigate dynamic fault strength and frictional melting processes in mantle rocks. We performed 20 experiments with Balmuccia peridotite in a high-velocity rotary shear apparatus and cylindrical samples (21.8 mm in diameter) over a wide range of normal stresses (5.4–16.1 MPa), slip rates (0.23–1.14 m/s), and displacements (1.5–71 m). During the experiments, shear stress evolved with cumulative displacement in five main stages (stages 1–5). In stage 1 (first strengthening), the coefficient of friction μ increased up to 0.4–0.7 (first peak in friction). In stage 2 (abrupt first weakening), μ decreased to about 0.25–0.40. In stage 3 (gradual second strengthening), shear stress increased toward a second peak in friction (μ = 0.30–0.40). In stage 4 (gradual second weakening), the shear stress decreased toward a steady state value (stage 5) with μ = 0.15. Stages 1 and 2 are of too short duration to be investigated in detail with the current experimental configuration. By interrupting the experiments during stages 3, 4, and 5, microstructural (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) and geochemical (Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy) analysis of the slipping zone suggest that second strengthening (stage 3) is associated with the production of a grain-supported melt-poor layer, while second weakening (stage 4) and steady state (stage 5) are associated with the formation of a continuous melt-rich layer with an estimated temperature up to 1780°C. Microstructures formed during the experiments were very similar to those found in natural ultramafic pseudotachylytes. By performing experiments at different normal stresses and slip rates, (1) the “thermal” (as it includes the thermally activated first and second weakening) slip distance to achieve steady state from the first peak in strength decreased with increasing normal stress and slip rate and (2) the steady state shear stress slightly increased with increasing normal stress and, for a given normal stress, decreased with increasing slip rate. The ratio of shear stress versus normal stress was about 0.15, well below the typical friction coefficient of rocks (0.6–0.8). The dependence of steady state shear stress with normal stress was described by means of a constitutive equation for melt lubrication. The presence of microstructures similar to those found in natural pseudotachylytes and the determination of a constitutive equation that describes the experimental data allows extrapolation of the experimental observations to natural conditions and to the study of rupture dynamics in mantle rocks.
Towards a theory of true and false intentions

Mac Giolla, E. (2016). Towards a theory of true and false intentions. Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. An ability to discriminate between statements of true and false intent is critical for many legal professionals. However, it is only in recent years that psycho-legal researchers have turned to this topic. The current thesis proposes a theoretical framework aimed to parsimoniously account for past research and to generate novel hypotheses in this burgeoning field of enquiry. In brief, it is proposed that the predictable consequences of active goals will be more pronounced for those with a true compared to a false intention. This is because the predictable consequences of goals aid in goal attainment and this function is lost on the empty goals of a false intention. Hypotheses derived from the theoretical framework were tested in three studies. Study I examined whether indicators of good planning behavior could provide novel cues to discriminate between true and false statements of intent. Truth tellers planned a neutral task, while liars planned a mockcrime. In interviews truth tellers honestly described their intentions, while liars provided a cover-story thematically similar to the truth tellers’ task. The interviews were coded for markers of good planning behavior (e.g., effective time allocation). As predicted truth tellers’ statements were colored to a higher degree than liars’ by such markers. Study II examined the benefit of asking unanticipated questions when interviewing groups of suspects on repeated occasions. The experimental design was the same as that used in Study I. Participants were asked anticipated questions on their intentions, and unanticipated questions on the planning of their intentions. Truth tellers provided longer and more detailed answers than liars, and had higher levels of within-group consistency compared to liars. This was the case for answers to both anticipated and unanticipated questions. No differences between truth tellers and liars were found for between-statement consistency. The results highlight within-group consistency as an important cue to deceit. However, a number of limitations to the unanticipated questions approach were evident. Study III examined the prevalence and manifestation of spontaneous thoughts in relation to true and false intentions. Based on the finding that future tasks generate spontaneous thoughts, it was predicted that those with a true intention would experience task-related spontaneous thoughts to a greater extent than those with a false intention. As predicted, truth tellers reported experiencing task-related spontaneous thoughts to a greater extent than liars. However, these subjective differences did not manifest as discernable cues in interviews. By and large, the proposed theoretical framework received support from the empirical studies. With a specific focus on intentions and goals, the proposed framework makes a unique contribution to deception theory.
Newborn cry pitch predicting reaction times and attention disengagement in 8-month-old infants

Newborn cry acoustics are thought to reflect the integrity of the central nervous system as well as the sensitivity of the peripheral nervous system. In previous studies, features of newborn cry pitch such as high fundamental frequency (f0), and high variability (SD) of the f0 have been noted as risk markers for later cognitive outcomes among infants having varying birth risk factors. It is unknown if this applies to healthy full-term infants. As a part of a larger study, this study investigated the relation of these two newborn cry frequency characteristics and information processing in 8-month-old full-term, full birth weight infants. Saccadic reaction times to peripheral target stimuli and the probability to disengage attention from different facial expressions (neutral, happy, fearful) and non-face stimuli were measured with corneal-reflection eye-tracking. Based on the longitudinal data collected from 44 infants, average cry frequency had a significant negative relation with mean attention disengagement probability. Infants with higher frequency cry as newborns were less likely to disengage their attention at 8 months. The strength of the relation was the same when information on birth weight, birth head circumference, and chronological age at the follow-up was controlled for. The variability of the cry frequency was not related to attention disengagement. Based on longitudinal results (n = 54) of the saccadic reaction time data, there was no significant relation nor predictive value of cry frequency variables to infant saccadic reaction times at 8 months. In summary, a significant long-term association emerged between average cry frequency and attention disengagement probability, indicating that mean cry frequency, but not the high variability of the cry frequency, might be indicative of neural organization and later development of visual attention in full term newborns beyond newborn body size and age. The results of this study should be verified with low-risk non-clinical populations, and more focus should also be directed to potential modifiers of the relation such as socioemotional risk factors at birth and in the first year of life.
Form-wise error detection in a FonF-based language education system

A language education system oriented for focus-on-form instruction should recognize which linguistic forms are focused in a particular lesson, and it should also evaluate how properly the focused forms are used in learners' utterances. This paper discusses how forms should be described in the system, how the form description helps the system recognize focused forms, and how the system evaluates learners' use of the focused forms. Preliminary evaluation of the system shows that the system correctly detects focused forms and that it successfully evaluates the use of the detected focused forms. Neither incorrect detection nor evaluation failure has been attested in its preliminary evaluation.
Performance of Five Phenotypical Methods for Identification of Candida Isolates from Clinical Materials

Although Candida albicans is the most common etiologic agent of candidiasis, C. dubliniensis, has been emerged, as another pathogen resembles C. albicans in many phenotypic aspects and noted for its in vitro potential for fluconazole resistance. Since there was no evidence of any report about detection of this organism in Iran, this study was designed to use of five different tests for identification of Candida species with special reference to C. dubliniensis among 313 suspected Candida isolates in Tehran, capital of Iran. Overall, 199 (63.6%) C. albicans and 114 (36.6%) Candida spp. were identified. All 199 C. albicans isolates were found germ tube and chlamydospore positive. Different shades of green color colonies were yielded on CHROMagar Candida of which 23 (11.6%) showed dark green color indicative of C. dubliniensis. All but four C. albicans isolates grew well at 45 °C. These 4 isolates beyond to 23 dark green colony producers were suspected of being C.dubliniensis, later examined by API 20C AUX system. The results indicated that all 27 isolates were able to assimilate both xylose and α-methyl-D-glucoside, therefore these isolates were identified as C. albicans. Overall, C. dubliniensis had not been found in present study. It must be concluded that no single phenotypic test has proven to be highly effective, and the use of several tests may be necessary of these two closely related Candida species for definitive identification.
Illuminating Adolescent Voices: Identifying High School Students’ Perceptions of Teacher Caring

The purpose of the current study was to identify teacher behaviors that secondary students perceivedas demonstrating caring. The questions that guided this inquiry were (a) what teacher behaviors dohigh school students perceive as caring? and (b) what teacher behaviors do high school studentsperceive as the most important aspects of caring? Whereas previous studies clearly have documentedthe power and influence of caring teachers on adolescents’ success, we posit that knowing whatstudents perceive as caring behaviors can be used as a springboard to shape the context of caring forall students, especially those who are marginalized, feel disenfranchised, and most at risk of droppingout of school.