Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estructura de macroinvertebrados acuáticos y grupos funcionales tróficos en la cuenca del río Lluta, desierto de Atacama, Arica y Parinacota, Chile

espanolEl objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la estructura comunitaria de macroinvertebrados dulceacuicolas y caracterizar los grupos funcionales troficos en la cuenca del rio Lluta ubicado en el desierto de Atacama. Para esto se muestreo con una red Surber en 12 estaciones, abarcando desde la cabecera del rio hasta su desembocadura en la costa maritima durante noviembre de 2011. En este estudio se registraron 66 taxa de macroinvertebrados, correspondiendo en su mayoria a larvas de insectos (46). Los grupos con mayor riqueza fueron Diptera (20 taxa), Coleoptera y Trichoptera (ambos con 7 taxa). Respecto de la abundancia, Chironomidae fue la familia mas abundante del area de estudio. El grupo de los colectores-recolectores fue el mas representativo en 10 de las 12 estaciones, mientras que el grupo de los ramoneadores dominaron en las dos estaciones mas cercanas a la desembocadura. Nuestros resultados son los primeros en describir la fauna de macroinvertebrados dulceacuaticos en la cuenca mas extrema del norte de Chile, conteniendo una riqueza faunistica mucho mayor que otras cuencas deserticas. Ademas la gran representatividad de los colectores-recolectores que se alimentan de fragmentos organicos menores a 1 mm depositados en el fondo, demuestran la importancia de este recurso alimentario en rios del desierto de Atacama. EnglishThe aim of this study was to determine the community structure of freshwater macroinvertebrates and characterize trophic functional groups in the Lluta river basin located in the Atacama Desert. To this was sampled with Surber sampling in 12 stations, in extension from the source to its mouth on the coast during November 2011. In this study 66 taxa of macroinvertebrates were recorded, corresponding mostly insect larvae (46). The groups with the greatest wealth were Diptera (20 taxa), Coleoptera and Trichoptera (both with 7 taxa). On abundance, Chironomidae was the most abundant family of the study area. The group of collectors-gatherers was the most representative in 10 of the 12 stations, while the group of browsers dominated the two closest stations to the mouth. Our results are the first to describe the fauna of macroinvertebrates dulceacuaticos in extreme northern Chile basin, containing a much higher than other rich fauna desert basins. Besides the great representative of the collectors-gatherers that feed on organic fragments under 1 mm deposited on the bottom, showing the importance of this food source in the Atacama desert rivers.
Emotion Recognition of Online Learners for Smart Education Systems using Computational Intelligence: Review and Insight

Online education has become more and more well-liked in recent years. Despite its benefits, one of the main negatives is that teachers must be aware of the student’s emotional state. This may significantly affect the teacher’s ability to determine whether or not the students have understood the topics. Our survey analyses the various deep learning techniques that have been employed to classify emotions in order to assess the mood of the learners. This survey reveals that categorizing students’ feelings through the production of a report that includes a list of their emotions can be more useful for evaluating student learning processes, it also concluded that using convolutional neural networks yields the best results. This survey seeks to close the gap between online and offline learning. It increases the value of online learning by providing teachers with insights of the emotions of their learners.
Genetic analysis of six sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) populations - recommendations for the plan of restitution in the Dniester River

The aim of the present study was the genetic analysis of the Dniester population of sterlet Acipenser ruthenus and comparison of it to five other sterlet populations, in order to develop a population recovery plan. The genetic analysis of six sterlet populations from Eurasian rivers (Dniester, Dnieper, Danube, Volga, Kama and Ob) was carried out using microsatellite DNA markers. The genetic variation and genetic distance between studied populations were evaluated. Significant genetic differentiation was detected between the analyzed populations through the pairwise genetic differentiation index (Fst) test. The DA measure of genetic distance between pairs of populations indicated that the shortest genetic distance (in relation to the Dniester population) was between the Dniester and the Dnieper populations (0.184). The results obtained represent a starting point of sterlet conservation program in Dniester River.
Mechanisms of fast flow in Jakobshavns Isbræ, West Greenland: Part I. Measurements of temperature and water level in deep boreholes

Abstract Several holes were drilled to depths of 1500–1630 m along a profile across Jakobshavns Isbræ, 50 km upstream from the calving front. Drilling was by hot water and required approximately 20 h. The holes were rapidly closed by refreezing, but it was possible to instrument them with thermistors and tilt sensors before this occurred. Near the margins of the ice stream the holes reached the bed and connected with the subglacial drainage system. Water-level changes recorded in these holes are discussed in terms of the basal hydraulic system. The temperature measurements show that the glacier is temperate-based. Moreover, extrapolation of a measured temperature profile and its curvature suggests that a temperate layer of substantial thickness may exist at the bed near the center of the ice stream. There is a striking difference in the shapes of temperature profiles measured at different locations: beneath the center line the temperature minimum is at a considerably smaller relative depth than near the margins, but it is nearly the same in magnitude (−22.1°C). This may indicate a disproportionately large vertical stretching of the basal ice in the center of the ice stream. Since the basal ice is warmer and much less viscous than the ice above, a thickening of that layer would cause a corresponding increase of surface velocity. We presume that this mechanism contributes to the fast flow of Jakobshavns Isbræ.
Decoding codes from curves and cyclic codes

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
The dark morph of Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) H.Klinggr. in Europe is conspecific with the North American S. beothuk

Peat mosses (Sphagnum) are known to be difficult to identify, especially in the field, because of extensive morphological variation that can blur distinctions among closely related species. The extent to which phenotypic variation reflects genetic differentiation versus environmentally induced plasticity is, however, poorly understood. The common and widespread Sphagnum fuscum is relatively easy to recognize, but two different colour morphs, dark and pale brown, have been observed along the western coast of Europe for some time. In this study, we aimed to test whether the two colour morphs are genetically differentiated, and assess their phylogenetic relationship to the recently described S. beothuk from eastern North America. We used a combination of morphological characters and genetic markers (microsatellites and cpDNA sequences). Our results indicate that the dark colour morph of S. fuscum in Europe is conspecific with S. beothuk from eastern North America. On the other hand, the pale morph of S. fuscum and S. beothuk differ in morphology, are separated genetically, and have different habitat preferences and distribution ranges. The known occurrences of S. beothuk are restricted to the oceanic regions along the North Atlantic coast. It is one of few peat mosses restricted to the amphi-Atlantic region. We show that by combining morphology, genetic data, distributional information, and habitat knowledge, it is possible to evaluate taxonomic uncertainties in Sphagnum. We also epitypify the name S. fuscum.
Ecophysiology as a tool for evaluating invasive-plant based bioenergies: Physiological and ecological case-studies of Arundo donax and Elaeagnus angustifolia

In recent years, environmental and social pressures have fostered the development of biomass based energies. Development of `ideal' biomass feedstocks has led to characterizations of physiological traits that are similar to many of the physiological traits that typify number of invasive grasses. This has led to controversy about the sustainable implementation of invasive-grass based bioenergy feedstocks. While the debate has continued for much of the past decade, little work has been published quantifying the arguments on either side of the controversy. The work presented herein addresses the lack of evidence regarding the potential for increasing plant invasions by utilizing known invasive plants as biomass feedstocks. The first three chapters deal specifically with the invasive grass species Arundo donax . These chapters describe experiments in which A. donax was grown under a variety of treatments which have been predicted as potential environmental alterations associated with global climate change such as: carbon dioxide enrichment, drought, resource limitations, and soil salinization. The effects of these treatments were quantified at the whole-plant and leaf-level scales. Results show that A. donax is able to persist and grow in environmental conditions that typically limit growth of most crops and some native plant species. Furthermore, its growth was found to be improved under elevated carbon dioxide. These findings suggest that it is unlikely A. donax will be constrained by the agricultural setting, and therefore cultivating it will disperse it to new environments and will likely lead to future invasions. Alternatively, this dissertation addresses the potential for bioenergy markets to help reduce the spread of invasive plants by partnering with on-going ecological restoration. In the last chapter of the dissertation, titled Bioenergy that Supports Ecological Restoration, a case-study experiment in central Washington State reveals how wood-waste for ecological restoration of Russian olive ( Elaeagnus angustifolia ) can be converted into bioenergy. These findings suggest that a restoration costs can be offset from the sale of Russian olive wood for bioenergy. Yet, the quality of the Russian olive wood is divergent from the typical biomass resources which will limit its incorporation into the bioenergy market. The Russian olive findings present the first supply and demand analysis of invasive plant biomass for bioenergy.
Data Survey and Analysis of the Tansgene Flow Frequencies and Distances in Major Crops I.The Background,Aim and General Consideration

Transgene flow's potential risk on environment and food is one of the hot spots that major public concerned.The data and information on tansgene flow in major corps published internationally until 2010 have been surveyed and analyzed.The distances of transgene flow at certain threshold level for different major crops are particularly defined.In this article,the background,aim and general consideration for this survey were discussed.On the scientific basis,the principle of classification management and threshold management are proposed to control the risk of transgene flow.
Morphological and genetic characteristics of Brevipalpus lewisi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and comparison with other three Brevipalpus species

ABSTRACT The flat mite, Brevipalpus lewisi McGregor was recently found infesting Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & Cheng (Taxodiaceae) in China. In order to accurately differentiate this species from other closely related Brevipalpus species and appropriately apply prevention and control strategies, this study focused on morphological description and identification of adults based on electron microscopy and molecular sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. Morphological analyses showed signiﬁcant differences and similarities between B. lewisi (McGregor), Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), Brevipalpus californicus (Banks) and Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu in the number and/or quality of dorsal setae, omega on tarsus II, dorsal cuticular patterns and leg chaetotaxy. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial CO I gene fragment (342 bp) indicated B. lewisi is 86% homologous with the other three species. The genetic distance between B. lewisi host-associated populations of M. glyptostroboides and Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) is 6.7%, suggesting the existence of genetic divergence between hosts.
Factors responsible for stage-specific mortality and sex ratio adjustment in Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister on parthenium in field conditions

Stage specific mortality and sex ratio adjustment in Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera: chrysomelidae), were evaluated monthly for two consecutive years, 2010 and 2011, in field conditions on Parthenium hysterophorus L. Development of immature stages was considerably affected during the cold seasons of 2010 and 2011, and it was completely arrested in January. Similarly, the mortality survival ratio and indispensable mortality were higher in December, as compared to other months. Generation mortality (K-value) was decreased in May and then further increased from September to December, in both years. A non-significant difference (P < NS) in K-values were evident in July and August 2010, as well as in June and July 2011. Different abiotic and biotic factors may have influenced the mortality of the various immature stages. Greater mortality of eggs was due to their infertility in December. Similarly, mortality of 1st and 2nd instar was significantly high in Feburary, March, October, November and December of 2010 and 2011 due to infection of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana. One of the other causes of mortality of 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar was their predation by a pentatomid bug, Perillus bioculatus from 1st week of March to 2nd week of December 2010 and 2011. Pre-pupal mortality was due to lack ofpenetration in soil and pupal mortality was due to malformation. In addition to known factors, some unknown factors may have been responsible for mortality. The least value of sex ratio (proportion of male) showed the greatest number of female emergence. It was also noted that sex ratio was considerably higher in 2010 than in 2011, and that that female population increased gradually year by year. Therefore, the results suggested that Z. bicolorata are continuously adapting to the agro climatic conditions of Aligarh, India. Moreover, the information on the factors responsible for key mortality, can be helpful in devising strategies for its conservation.
Analysis of physical clogging of granular materials submitted to internal fluid flow for civil engineering applications

When a porous granular material is subjected to fluid flow, deposition of solid particles inside the porous space can be observed. Particle can be already present in the flowing fluid or eroded from the solid matrix. This deposition phenomenon inside the porous material is widely encountered in civil engineering applications and its consequences in terms of filtration and clogging phenomena are often responsible of important problems [1]. For example, structures composed of cohesionless granular material with internal fluid flow (such as embankments, dams or dikes) can be subjected to internal erosion [2, 3, 4] by suffusion, which is characterized by a relatively slow migration of the finest particles. Nevertheless, during this erosion process, filtration and clogging of eroded particles may initiate another erosion phase which is characterized by a higher kinetic [4]. At the end, complete structure failure can be the consequence of this erosion process. Nevertheless, this faster erosion phase can lead to a lack of time to take the necessary measures to ensure the structure sustainability.
Development of a Damage Detecting Method for RC Slabs by Means of Machine Learning

It is beneficial to understand damage conditions of RC structural members by non-destructive methods. In this study, K-means clustering method was applied to the AE wave data in order to develop a damage detection method. From the result of this study, the damaged area had the relatively large number of AE hits and AE energy. In addition, from the result of the K-means clustering of the power spectral density of AE waves, the data could be separated into the obviously damaged area and other areas.
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

DOI: 10.21276/sjmps.2018. 4.8. 2 Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune, systemic disease, characterized by polyarthritis, erosive synovitis and sometimes shows multi system involvement. Oxidative damage induced by reactive species has been related to the pathophysiology of RA. The inflammation in the joints leads to joint damage and thus influences the quality of life in these patients. This work was undertaken to determine oxidative stress markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and to observe its correlation with inflammatory markers. Malondialdehyde (MAD) and Nitric oxide (NO) are estimated as the markers of oxidative stress and High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is measured as a marker of inflammation. A cross-sectional study in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy controls was done. We included 40 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 40 healthy controls. MDA, NO and hsCRP are measured in all the subjects. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS statistical software version 17.0. MDA, NO and hsCRP levels were increased in RA patients when compared to controls (p<0.001) and a positive correlation between the inflammatory marker and oxidative stress markers was also observed in these patients. The value of R is 0.7277 for MDA and hsCRP where as R value is 0.6153 for NO and hsCRP. The findings of present study support the concept of oxidative stress leading to tissue damage and inflammation. The positive correlation between inflammation and oxidative stress in these patients indicate the importance of correction of oxidative stress along with inflammation, further large and well controlled studies are needed to establish the role of anti oxidants in treatment protocols of RA patients.
Dynamics of marine ecosystems:biological-physical interactions in the oceans

Contents. Preface to Third Edition. Preface to Second Edition. Preface to First Edition. 1 Marine Ecology Comes of Age. Part A: Processes on a Scale of less than 1 Kilometer. 2 Biology and Boundary Layers. 3 Vertical Structure of the Open Ocean: Biology of the Mixed Layer. 4 Vertical Structure in Coastal Waters: Freshwater Run-off and Tidal Mixing. Part B: Processes on a Scale of 1-1000 Kilometers. 5 Vertical Structure in Coastal Waters: Coastal Upwelling Regions. 6 Fronts in Coastal Waters. 7 Tides, Tidal Mixing, and Internal Waves. Part C: Processes on a Scale of Thousands of Kilometers. 8 Ocean Basin Circulation: The Biology of Major Currents, Gyres, Rings, and Eddies. 9 Variability in Ocean Circulation: its Biological Consequences. 10 The Oceans and Global Climate Change: Physical and Biological Aspects. Part D: Discussion and Conclusions. 11 Questions for the Future. Appendix. References. Index
Causes of Nursing Faculty Turnover

Healthcare system faced with a critical shortage of nursing faculty. One of the challenges faced by deans and directors of schools of nursing is to identify strategies that will encourage faculty to stay in academic. Establishing a clear relationship between these variables is vital to resolving the problem of faculty shortage. The literature review provides limited accounts of the various dimensions. The current study investigates the influence of workload, job satisfaction and role conflict on nursing faculty turnover in private schools of nursing of Lahore, Pakistan. The study was conducted in private schools of nursing and online questioner was floated. A quantitative, descriptive and correlational cross sectional study design was used for this study. The self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 122 nursing faculty of private schools of nursing of Lahore, Pakistan through simple random sampling. The data were collected by using questionnaires and used multiple regression analysis. The results of the current study reveal that workload and role conflict has significant and positive relationship with nursing faculty turnover and a job satisfaction has significant and negative relationship with nursing faculty turnover. Academic sector authorities should adopt these strategies to reduce the nursing faculty turnover in current position. Furthermore, limitations and recommendations are given in the last chapter.
Characterization and Statistical Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Fruit Wastes

Fruit consumption is no longer merely a result of taste and personal preference, but has become a concern of health due to the vital fruit nutrients content. In addition to essential nutrients, most fruits feature considerable amounts of micronutrients, such as minerals, fibers, vitamins and secondary phytochemical compounds. Increasing evidence shows the importance of these micronutrients for human health . Diets rich in phytochemicals, such as carotenoids and phenolic compounds, have been associated with a reduced risk of diseases such as certain types of cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular, cataracts, macular degeneration and neurodegenerative diseases.The preesnt study aims at extracting the bioactive components of fruit wastes like pecton, antimicrobial proteins and polyphenols.The satistical analysis of the compounds in respect to their correlation coefficients have been studied. ’
Bias Reduction of Centroid Detection

In Sbalzarini et. al. [3] a feature point tracking algorithm is developed and benchmarked. Based on tracking tests with images of moving point sources the accuracy and precision of the estimated displacements are shown to be reasonably high on a wide range of SNRs and point source velocities. The presented algo-rithm outperforms all competitors. Besides the SNR, the true point location could possibly inﬂuence the localization accuracy and precision, an aspect that has so far not been addressed systematically. There is experimental evidence [1] that true locations on boundaries between pixels are harder to estimate which leads to a systematic bias towards pixels centers. In this study, we demonstrate this bias towards pixel centers on synthetic test images. We speculate about the source of the bias. The most likely source is removed to yield an improved point detection algorithm, which is then empirically validated.