Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct collocation and nonlinear programming for optimal control problem using an enhanced transcribing scheme

In this paper, an enhanced transcribing scheme is proposed for solving optimal control problems using direct collocation and nonlinear programming. This new scheme is based on the standard method of direct collocation that converts an optimal control problem into a nonlinear programming problem via simultaneous state and control discretization. When compared with the standard method, the enhanced scheme has the advantage of higher solution accuracy with minimal additional computational effort. It is particularly suited for systems with states that are related to each other in a special form. For such systems, the ensuing nonlinear programming problem has the same number of constraints as those using standard method. Numerical results on several optimal control problems using the enhanced scheme are presented, together with comparisons of the results obtained from standard scheme.
The Impact of Foehn Wind on Mental Distress among Patients in a Swiss Psychiatric Hospital

Psychiatric patients are particularly vulnerable to strong weather stimuli, such as foehn, a hot wind that occurs in the alps. However, there is a dearth of research regarding its impact on mental health. This study investigated the impact of foehn wind among patients of a psychiatric hospital located in a foehn area in the Swiss Alps. Analysis was based on anonymized datasets obtained from routine records on admission and discharge, including the Brief Symptom Checklist (BSCL) questionnaire, as well as sociodemographic parameters (age, sex, and diagnosis). Between 2013 and 2020, a total of 10,456 admission days and 10,575 discharge days were recorded. All meteorological data were extracted from the database of the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology of Switzerland. We estimated the effect of foehn on the BSCL items using a distributed lag model. Significant differences were found between foehn and non-foehn admissions in obsession–compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and general severity index (GSI) (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that foehn wind events may negatively affect specific mental health parameters in patients. More research is needed to fully understand the impact of foehn’s events on mental health.
Finding a winning strategy in variations of Kayles

Kayles is a two player game played on a graph. The game can be de ned as follows: both players take turns picking a node from a graph G. They remove that node and all its neighbors. When there are no more nodes left, the player whose turn it is loses. An alternate but equivalent way of phrasing it is to say that both players take turns picking an unmarked node from graph G and marking it and its neighbors. When all nodes are marked, the player whose turn it is loses. In this paper a variation of the game Kayles is studied, where instead of removing or marking just the neighbors of the chosen node, the players remove or mark the nodes at a certain distance d. Note that in this variation there is a di erence between marking and removing a node. When the players remove nodes, the distance between other nodes can change, but when the players mark nodes the distances stay the same. This paper proves that Kayles with marking is PSPACE-complete and that Kayles with removing is PSPACE-complete for d = 2. Furthermore an O∗(1.5875) algorithm for nding a winning strategy for Kayles with marking is given for distance d = 2. It is also shown that both versions of Kayles can be solved in polynomial time on certain classes
Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition for linearly constrained stable set problem

Nous considerons l'application d'un schema de decomposition de Dantzig-Wolfe sur un programme lineaire en variables 0-1 dans lequel un sous-ensemble de contraintes definit un polytope de stable. Nous comparons les relaxations lineaires du programme de depart et du programme maitre (obtenu en decomposant sur les contraintes de stable) en fonction de differentes representations du polytope de stable. Dans le cas de graphe parfait (et en particulier de graphe de co-comparabilite), la relaxation lineaire du programme maitre peut etre resolue en un temps polynomial alors que ce n'est pas le cas dans le cas general. En consequence, il peut etre interessant de decomposer uniquement sur un sous-ensemble de contraintes de stable (celles defi- nissant un probleme de stable sur un graphe parfait) de facon a definir un nouveau programme maitre pouvant etre resolu en un temps polynomial et, renforcant la relaxation continue du programme de depart. Abstract We consider the Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition for 0-1 linear programming when a subset of constraints defines a stable set polytope. We compare linear relaxations of both initial program and master program (obtained by decomposing on stable set constraints) with regards to various stable set polytope representations. For perfect graphs (in particular for cocomparability graph), the linear relaxation of the master program is easy to solve while for general graphs, its optimal value cannot be computed in polynomial time. Consequently, we propose to decompose only on a subset of the stable set constraints (those associated with "polynomial" stable set problems) in order to define another master program for which the LP-relaxation is easy to solve and remains stronger than the classical LP-relaxation of the initial program.
Ethics Dilemmas and Autonomous Vehicles: Ethics Preference Modeling and Implementation of Personal Ethics Setting for Autonomous Vehicles in Dilemmas

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) inevitably confront dilemmas in which collisions cannot be avoided, and collision avoidance involves ethical issues due to harm distribution among traffic participants. Regarding how AVs should respond to dilemmas, ethical divergence is the main barrier that exists universally in human society. To overcome this barrier, the rational ethical propensity, i.e., the inclination of evasive steering (IES), of Chinese respondents in two typical dilemmas was collected via an online survey to construct AVs’ ethical model. Respondents were partitioned into two subgroups with relative ethical preferences to address the main ethical divergence based on their IES. The analytical IES ethical model, describing relationships among the respondents’ ethical intention and sensitive factors, was proposed. Three IES models for the two partitioned subgroups and the total respondents were fitted. Personal ethics setting (PES) was implemented with the subgroups’ models as the boundaries of operation space. PES-based trajectory planning experiments were conducted, and simulation results showed that AVs make evasive decisions in line with their ethical preference.
Octave bandwidth receiver technology for radio and millimetre-wave telescopes

In radio astronomy instrumentation, the benefit of increased spectral grasp must be evaluated against a decrease in overall system performance (e.g., system noise, stability, and optical efficiency) and considerable effort has gone into quantifying the best overall choice to define receiver bands for a particular telescope; present examples include the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and the Next Generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) where the higher bands do not exceed a bandwidth of 1.7:1. During the last two years, NRC Herzberg has been researching wide bandwidth waveguide and active components in order to extend the bandwidth to a full 2:1 octave bandwidth. We report on recent innovation in front-end receiver components, including an octave bandwidth feed horn, OMT, and LNA, to enable wideband science
Culm Characteristics of Yellow Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris var. striata) from Private Forest in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta

Sleman Regency has determined bamboo as a superior non-timber forest product. Yellow bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris var. striata) is usually used for construction and craft materials. Hence, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the culm. The study aimed to determine the predictor variables for the total internodes, and the distribution pattern of the length and bamboo wall thickness of the internodes on the yellow bamboo culms. The method used in this research was the method of destructive sampling for 30 bamboo culm samples. The samples were measured using a caliper for diameter at breast height and wall thickness, and measurement tape for the total length of the bamboo culm. For detail measurement, each sample was cut for each internode to be measured the length, diameter, and wall thickness of the internodes. The results showed that the predictor of diameter at breast height (dbh) is a predictor in estimating the total number of internodes on the culm resulting in an R2 of 0.631. While the total culm height as a predictor was able to explain the total number of internodes with an R2 value of 0.692. The length of the internodes pattern on the yellow bamboo culm from the bottom to the top side formed a bell curve. In the middle area of the culm, the length of the internode increased, but then it shrank back to the top side. The diameter and wall thickness patterns of the internode were non-linear. In addition, the predictors of diameter at breast height and total height are less accurate to explain the total number of internodes in yellow bamboo culms.
Numerical simulation of red blood cell suspensions behind a moving interface in a capillary

Computational modeling and simulation are presented on the motion of red blood cells behind a moving interface in a capillary. The methodology is based on an immersed boundary method and the skeleton structure of the red blood cell (RBC) membrane is modeled as a spring network. The computational domain is moving with either a designated RBC or an interface in an infinitely long two-dimensional channel with an undisturbed flow field in front of the domain. The tanking-treading and the inclination angle of a cell in a simple shear flow are briefly discussed for the validation purpose. We then present the results of the motion of red blood cells behind a moving interface in a capillary, which show that the RBCs with higher velocity than the interface speed form a concentrated slug behind the interface.
Mushroom Classification using Random Forest and REP Tree Classifiers

Mushroom is a popular fruit of a much larger fungus that has a high level of protein and a rich source of vitamin B. It aids in the prevention of cancer, weight loss, and immune system enhancement. There are numerous thousands of mushroom species within the world and a few are eatable and a few are noxious due to noteworthy poisons on them. Hence, it is a vital errand to distinguish between eatable and harmful mushrooms. This paper focuses on comparing the performance of Random Forest and Reduced Error Pruning (REP) Tree classification algorithms for the classification of edible and poisonous mushrooms. In this paper, mushroom dataset from UCI machine learning repository has been classified using Random Forest and REP Tree classifiers. The result based on accuracy, precision, recall and F-measure showed that the Random Forest outperformed REP Tree algorithm as it had highest accuracy value of 100%, precision value of 100%, recall value of 100% and F- measure value of 100%. The performance is 100% by using Random Forest, which is found better with respect to REP Tree classifier.
Crack length estimations for small-scale fracture experiments via image processing techniques

Accurate knowledge of the current crack length is crucial to evaluate fracture mechanical tests. At the sub-micron to micron scale, the crack length is directly accessible via observation during in-situ experiments in electron microscopes, or indirectly via calculation from sample stiffness. In the current work, image processing techniques were used to introduce a semi-automatic technique to measure crack lengths at the micron scale from image sequences. The technique utilizes manually defined filters and searches for contours near the previous crack tip locating the new one according to the previous position. To demonstrate validity and capability, three micron-sized notched cantilevers were prepared for bending experiments and tested in-situ by partial unloading. Comparison of crack lengths determined by the proposed method, manual measurement and sample stiffness revealed a reasonable agreement, while occasional deviations allow further insights into the crack behaviour. Thus, our new approach enables more in-depth investigation of small-scale fracture processes. Graphical abstract
Principles of prevention and management of adverse events of immunomodulatory drugs in the treatment of multiple myeloma

Over the past 15 years, significant progress has been made in understanding the biology and treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). This is due to the introduction of new therapies and new applications of known drugs associated with a better understanding of how to optimize treatment to patient and disease characteristics. Indeed, 15 new drugs have been approved over this time period. Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) have been used in the treatment of MM for over 20 years. Initially, it was thalidomide, then analogues lenalidomide and pomalidomide; in the future, cereblon E3 ligase modulators CelMoDs, such as iberdomide and CC-480. Currently, IMiDs are mainly used as the backbone of multi--drug protocols, including in combination with monoclonal antibodies and proteasome inhibitors. Given the common utilization of IMiDs in the management of MM, it is relevant to review the safety profile of IMiDs and the management of adverse events (AEs).
Formation of smoother grain boundaries in 2D materials using high deposition rates during the last stages of growth

Grain boundary (GB) roughness can affect electronic and mechanical properties of two-dimensional materials. This roughness depends crucially on the growth process by which the two-dimensional material is formed. To investigate the key mechanisms that govern the GB roughening, we have performed kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of a simple model that includes particle attachment, detachment, and diffusion. We have studied the closure of the gap between two flakes during growth, and the subsequent formation of the GB for a broad range of model parameters. The well-known near-equilibrium (attachment-limited) and unstable (diffusion-limited) growth regimes are identified, but we also observe a third regime when the precursor flux is sufficiently high to saturate the gap between the edges with diffusing species. This high deposition rate regime forms GBs with spatially uncorrelated roughness, which quickly relax to smoother configurations. Extrapolating the numerical results (with support from a theoretical approach) to edge lengths and gap widths of some micrometres, we confirm the advantage of this regime to produce GBs with minimal roughness faster than near-equilibrium conditions. This suggests an unexpected route towards efficient growth of two-dimensional materials with smooth GBs.
The JKU DORA Traffic Dataset

Development and testing of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is largely based on models and simulations, but real data are indispensable for many reasons – to determine the relevant scenarios, to establish a connection between the results of the simulations and the real situation and of course as elements to set up realistic models. Using data, however, is not trivial, as not all data are informative, and even extensive data sets are often incomplete. Indeed, data is not automatically information, and the richness of the data sets is more important than their size. Data should be diverse not only with respect to different scenarios but also geographically in order to be not biased towards a specific location. In this paper, we present a new aerial-view dataset “Drone Over Roads” (DORA) of highway exits and entrances. The data have been collected by the Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Austria and Italy and contain positions, velocities, and accelerations (in both local and global coordinate systems) of cars, vans, and trucks for Austria and additionally for motorbikes and buses in Italy. The uniqueness of the dataset consists not only in the measurements in different countries, but also in the flight height in Austria, where the recordings have been taken from 300 meters altitude allowing to observe an over 600 meters long section of the road. For non-commercial use, the dataset is available free of charge at the IEEE DataPort.
Joint Nonlocal, Spectral, and Similarity Low-Rank Priors for Hyperspectral–Multispectral Image Fusion

The fusion of a low-spatial-and-high-spectral resolution hyperspectral image (HSI) with a high-spatial-and-low-spectral resolution multispectral image (MSI) allows synthesizing a high-resolution image (HRI), supporting remote sensing applications, such as disaster management, material identification, and precision agriculture. Unlike existing variational methods using low-rank regularizations separately, we present an HSI-MSI fusion method promoting various low-rank regularizations jointly. Our method refines the HRI spatial and spectral correlations from the individual HSI and MSI data through the proper plug-and-play (PnP) of a nonlocal patch-based denoiser in the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Notably, we consider the nonlocal self-similarity, the spectral low-rank, and introduce a rank-one similarity prior. Furthermore, we demonstrate via an extensive empirical study that the rank-one similarity prior is an inherent characteristic of the HRI. Simulations over standard benchmark datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed HSI-MSI fusion outperforming state-of-the-art methods, particularly in recovering low-contrast areas.
ResilientSupplyChainPlanning for thePerishableProductsunder Different Uncertainty

In this research, the perishable products’ closed-loop supply chain network design problem is assessed by considering the disruption in production and distribution capacity and taking into account the uncertainty in customer demand. e main contribution of this research is modeling perishable products’ supply chain optimization and providing intelligent solution methods. In this regard, a mixed-integer mathematical model is proposed. is mathematical model consists of three objective functions. e rst objective function is related to prot maximization, the second objective function is to minimize delivery time, and the third objective function is to reduce lost business days. Moreover, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGAII) and Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA) have been applied to optimize the proposed model. e research results show that the proposed meta-heuristic algorithm can provide a complete set of Pareto solutions in a reasonable amount of time. Moreover, based on dierent criteria, MOEA provides the non-dominated solutions with a higher quality, while NSGAII presents the Pareto boundary with more solutions than MOEA.
Comparative Analysis of the Protein Composition of Goat Milk from French Alpine, Nubian, and Creole Breeds and Holstein Friesian Cow Milk: Implications for Early Infant Nutrition

Simple Summary Goat’s milk is a food that contains proteins of value for nutrition. The protein profile in the milk of goat breeds is different from that of cow milk, with a lower relative abundance of allergenic proteins. In addition, regardless of the breed, goat milk has beta-casein of type A2 in a more significant proportion than cow milk, which impacts different bioactive peptides hydrolyzed in the milk of the species. Abstract Of the diversity of proteins and high digestibility, goat milk will be a food of significant value for infant nutrition. The genetic polymorphisms of milk proteins play an essential role in the different degrees of allergic reactions. This work aimed to identify the proteins and peptides in the composition of goat milk and compare them to those in cow’s milk. The work was performed with goats French Alpine, Nubian, and Creole breeds and Holstein Friesian milking cows at the Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Amazcala. We investigated the relative abundance of goat and cow milk protein fractions by SDS-PAGE resolution and the densitometric analysis of gels. The protein alfa-casein was (17.67 ± 0.46) for Creole, (19.18 ± 0.88) French Alpine, (17.35 ± 0.49) Nubian, and (35.92 ± 1.96) Holstein cows. The relative abundance obtained from alfa-casein was statistically different between goats and cows, and this protein was vital because it is a protein related to allergies. On the other hand, the amino acid in position 67 of the beta-casein from three goat breeds is a Proline, so it is assumed that the beta-casein variant of goat milk is an A2-type. The latter has excellent relevance for infant nutrition and differs from cow milk.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapy in Animal Models of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Based on Imaging Indicators: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective The purpose of this study is to make a systematic review of the therapeutic effect of stem cells in animal models of disc degeneration from an imaging point of view. Methods Data were extracted by searching electronic databases for RCTs that met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and STATA 15.1 software. This meta-analysis was registered with INPLASY, registration number INPLASY202240148. Results A total of 34 studies were included, covering four species of animals, rabbits, sheep, rats, and mice, with a total of 1163 intervertebral discs. In terms of DHI, the efficacy of stem cell group in rabbits (P < 0.001), mice (P < 0.001), sheep (P < 0.001), and rats (P = 0.001) was better than that in control group. In terms of disc height, the efficacy of stem cell group in rats (P < 0.001) was better than that in control group, while in sheep (P = 0.355), there was no statistical difference between two groups. In terms of MRI index, the efficacy of stem cell group in rats (P < 0.001), mice (P < 0.001), and rabbits (P = 0.016) was better than that in control group. In terms of MRI signal score, the efficacy of stem cell group in rabbits (P < 0.001) was better than that of control group. In terms of T2 signal intensity, stem cell group was more effective than control group in rabbits (P < 0.001), mice (P < 0.001), and rats (P = 0.003). Conclusion Stem cell therapy can improve intervertebral disc-related imaging parameters in animal models of disc degeneration, indicating that stem cell therapy has a repairing effect on intervertebral discs. However, given the heterogeneity and limitations of this study, this conclusion still needs to be tested by a large number of studies.