Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytic Characterization of a Class of 3-Contact Frictional Equilibrium Postures in 3 D Gravitational Environments

Quasistatic legged locomotion over uneven terrains requires characterization of the mechanism’s feasible equilibrium postures. This paper characterizes the feasible equilibrium postures of mechanisms supported by three frictional point contacts in a three-dimensional gravitational environment, for a subclass of contact arrangements, called tame, for which the friction cones lie above the plane spanned by the contacts. The kinematic structure of the mechanism is lumped into a single rigid body B having the same contacts with the environment and a variable center of mass. The equilibrium postures associated with a given set of contacts become the center-of-mass locations of B that maintain a feasible equilibrium with respect to gravity. The paper establishes the relations between the feasible equilibrium region and the classical support polygon principle. For tame 3-contact arrangements, the paper identifies and characterizes geometrically three types of boundary curves of the feasible equilibrium region, where two of them are obtained is closed-from, and the third is given implicitly as a solution of a set of nonlinear equations, which can be traced numerically. The three types of boundary curves are then associated with the onset of three different modes of non-static contact motions. Finally, the paper reports on experimental results that verify the theoretical predictions by using a 3-legged prototype.
Statistical and Multivatiate Analysis Applied to a Database of Patients with Type-2 Diabetes

The prevalence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has reached critical proportions globally over the past few years. Diabetes can cause devastating personal suffering and its treatment represents a major economic burden for every country around the world. To property guide effective actions and measures, the present study aims to examine the profile of the diabetic population in Mexico. We used the KarhunenLoève transform which is a form of principal component analysis, to identify the factors that contribute to T2DM. The results revealed a unique profile of patients who cannot control this disease. Results also demonstrated that compared to young patients, old patients tend to have better glycemic control. Statistical analysis reveals patient profiles and their health results and identify the variables that measure overlapping health issues as reported in the database (i.e. collinearity).
Flipping a Hardware Design Class: An Encouragement of Active Learning. Should it Continue?

In this paper we aim to present the lessons learned from flipping the classroom of an entry-level graduate course on digital hardware design. This digital hardware design course uses hardware description languages (HDLs) for programming and requires students to learn relevant concepts and methodologies to successfully design, simulate, synthesize, and verify digital circuits created using hands-on projects and in-class activities. In addition, students in the digital hardware design class get exposure and gain familiarity with an industrial design suite to enhance their knowledge of real-life design cycles. Typically, students struggle with provided in-class activities, assignments, and projects in any digital hardware design class; even those with prior experience in the field may still struggle due to the complex nature of HDLs. The effort required for large digital designs is often overwhelming and leads to time commitments of several hours outside of the classroom to debug design issues without help from the instructor or teaching assistant(s). This extra time spent shows that help through office hours and recitation sessions is definitely needed to help prepare students. This work summarizes our explored implications of taking a previously all-lecture-based classroom environment, with traditional teaching methods, and changing to an active-learning environment using multi-modal teaching techniques. In this new teaching environment, students were directed to watch and follow along with short videos produced with the goal of providing instructional and pre-programmed digital hardware design exercises before coming into class. The pre-programmed exercises help change the classroom environment into a center for active-learning through means of creative activities. Students in the active-learning environment are further urged to work in teams on the provided activities to reinforce key concepts and operational ideologies. From the students’ perspectives, our preliminary results show that less time was spent working alone on assignments and projects due to the new active-learning environment, pre-class preparation, and in-class group-work activities. The new active-learning environment included online preview of lecture notes, constant interaction between the instructor, teaching assistant(s), and students, and an increased number of in-class hands-on activities. From an instructional perspective, regardless of drawbacks, the new active-learning environment and teaching techniques allowed for the instructor to reinforce and delve deeper into course content while allowing students to work efficiently with new material. The results from the change to an active learning environment on students’ work on assignments and projects during non class-times is: adequate preparation, easy reference to related materials, and an overall wealth of knowledge in the field of digital hardware design.
STRUCTURE OF BASAL PSYCHICAL SELF-REGULATION AND PERSONALITY INTEGRATION IN RELATION TO COPING STRATEGIES IN DECISION-MAKING IN PARAMEDICS

The aim of the study was to find: 1) the relationship between the basic components of the basal mental personality integration (cognitive, emotional, regulatory and adjusting variability), factors of general personality variability (general mental arousal, motoric dynamics) and styles of coping with decisional conflict in decision-making (vigilant, hypervigilant behavior, buck-passing and procrastination) in paramedics, 2) stability, or variability of occurrence of identified relationships among paramedics with different length of experience. Sample: 134 paramedics, age: 22 – 51 years, AM = 33.22, SD = 6.26. Methods: Melbourne Decision-Making Questionnaire, MDMQ (Mann et al., 1997), Questionnaire SPARO (Mikšík, 2004). Results: Significant relationships between components and factors of mental integration (emotional and regulatory invariability, lower mental arousal) were found. Their integration forms a “calm, mentally stable and resilient personality type” and the choice of hypervigilance and defensive, avoidance strategies: procrastination and buck-passing. Results are interpreted within the context of the personality concept “basal psychical self-regulation and integration” of Mikšík (2004), the theory of conflict by Janis and Mann (1977) with regard to the specific research set (working in stressful conditions, team character of work and typical personality characteristics of paramedics: performance orientation and high need for praise). Apparently, to understand the behavior styles of paramedics in decision-making it is necessary to consider the aforementioned occupational and social aspects.
ANALYSIS OF LS AND MMSE CHANNEL ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES UNDER VARYING MOBILITY FOR LTE DOWNLINK SYSTEM

ABSTARCT The Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the present extension of the third generation mobile communication system that produces high improvement in data rate, spectral efficiency and coverage. Since downlink is repeatedly an important factor in coverage and capacity feature, special observation has been given in choosing technologies for LTE downlink. Channel estimation is a main technique at receiver end in sequence to combat the reaction of noise or interference on the transmitted information. This project analyses two channel estimation techniques namely Least Square (LS) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) for LTE at low and high mobility conditions.
Reactivation of Kamb Ice Stream tributaries triggers century‐scale reorganization of Siple Coast ice flow in West Antarctica

Ongoing, centennial‐scale flow variability within the Ross ice streams of West Antarctica suggests that the present‐day positive mass balance in this region may reverse in the future. Here we use a three‐dimensional ice sheet model to simulate ice flow in this region over 250 years. The flow responds to changing basal properties, as a subglacial till layer interacts with water transported in an active subglacial hydrological system. We show that a persistent weak bed beneath the tributaries of the dormant Kamb Ice Stream is a source of internal ice flow instability, which reorganizes all ice streams in this region, leading to a reduced (positive) mass balance within decades and a net loss of ice within two centuries. This hitherto unaccounted for flow variability could raise sea level by 5 mm this century. Better constraints on future sea level change from this region will require improved estimates of geothermal heat flux and subglacial water transport.
ePubWU Institutional Repository

Using a stylized two-period model we compare portfolio solutions from two local solution approaches – the approach of Judd and Guu (2001) and the approach of Devereux and Sutherland (2010, 2011) – with the true nonlinear portfolio solution. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
Growth dynamics of dairy processing firms in the European Union

The structure of the dairy processing industry in the European Union has changed enormously in recent decades. In many countries the industry is characterized by a few large companies with a big market share accompanied by many small processors that often produce for niche markets. This paper investigates which factors relate to growth of dairy processing firms. Using a unique ten-year panel data set and recently developed dynamic panel data estimators, the growth process of dairy processors is investigated for six rather diverse European countries. The data structure and the estimation method allow for dealing with endogeneity issues in an appropriate way. Firm size growth measured in total assets is found to be affected by firm size, firm age and financial variables. Growth in number of employees is only affected by firm age and lagged labour productivity. Implications for these results are given in the final section of the paper.
A Nonlinear Extension for Linear Boundary Element Methods in Wave Energy Device Modelling

To date, mathematical models for wave energy devices typically follow Cummins equation, with hydrodynamic parameters determined using boundary element methods. The resulting models are, for the vast majority of cases, linear, which has advantages for ease of computation and a basis for control design to maximise energy capture. While these linear models have attractive properties, the assumptions under which linearity is valid are restrictive. In particular, the assumption of small movements about an equilibrium point, so that higher order terms are not significant, needs some scrutiny. While this assumption is reasonable in many applications, in wave energy the main objective is to exaggerate the movement of the device through resonance, so that energy capture can be maximised. This paper examines the value of adding specific nonlinear terms to hydrodynamic models for wave energy devices, to improve the validity of such models across the full operational spectrum.
Carbon emission and production technology: evidence from the US

Production technology is the main driving force of economic growth while upgraded technology reduces carbon emission. This paper investigates the long run relation with short run dynamics using the USA data for the period of 1963 -2007. This paper observes that production technology is the cause of reduction of CO2 emission only in short run. The impulse response of production technology suggests shortening the patent protection right that might encourage redesigning low carbon production processes to curve down carbon emission with raising income. Continuous change and adaption of production technology is the main driving force for sustainable development.
Effect of Blanching and Drying on Antioxidants and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Green Leafy Vegetables

Leafy vegetables contain a significant amount of non nutritive health promoting phytochemicals which act as antioxidants and impart health benefits to human beings. Blanching and dehydration by drying are processes commonly used in preservation of these vegetables. The present investigation was planned to study effect of blanching and drying on total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of selected commonly consumed leafy vegetables. Results revealed that maximum and minimum antioxidant activity in fresh samples were found in mint and spinach respectively. After blanching antioxidant activity retained maximum in carrot leaves and minimum in chenopodium. After drying antioxidant activity retained maximum in mustard leaves and minimum in fenugreek leaves. The antioxidant activity of selected leafy vegetables was found influenced by processing treatments (blanching and drying), drying has more influence on antioxidant activity than blanching.
ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF A GENE CODING FOR A NOVEL TYPE OF ASPARTIC PROTEINASE FROM BUCKWHEAT SEED (FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM MOENCH)

A novel type of aspartic proteinase gene was isolated from the cDNA library of developing buckwheat seeds. This cDNA, FeAPL1, encoded an AP-like protein lacking the plant-specific insert (PSI) domain characteristic of typical plant aspartic proteinases. In addition the corresponding genomic fragment was isolated. It is demonstrated that this gene does not contain introns. Since bioinformatics analysis of the Arabidopsis genome showed that most potential AP genes are intron-less and PSI-less, it appears that "atypical" is an inappropriate word for that class of AP. Isolation of this spe- cific buckwheat gene among the small group of those isolated from other plant species provides a new perspective on the diversity of AP family members in plants.
Belief Disagreement and Portfolio Choice

Using a proprietary dataset of the portfolio holdings of millions of US households, we document how agents who believe in different models of the world update their beliefs heterogeneously in response to a public signal. We identify households ex ante that hold different models of the world using political party affiliation (probabilistically inferred from zip code), and our public signal is the unexpected outcome of the US national election of 2016. Relative to Democrats, Republican investors actively increase the equity share and market beta of their portfolios following the election. The rebalancing is due to a small share of investors making large adjustments. We conclude that this behavior is driven by belief heterogeneity because of extensive controls for differential hedging needs or preferences, including detailed controls for age, wealth, income, state, and even county-employer fixed effects.
Effect of black cumin oil (Nigella sativa) on the growth performance, body composition and fatty acid profile of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

In this study, rainbow trout were fed for a total of 144 days with different feed mixes containing 0.00%, 0.10%, 0.40%, 0.70%, 1.00% and 1.30% black cumin oil. The effect of black cumin oil on growth performance, feed content and fatty acid composition of rainbow trout was researched. The starting weight of fish in the experimental group was approximately 60 g, which increased to 215.21±4.12g, 217.32±3.14g, 235.12±2.9g, 240.21±6.5g, 260.14±4.7g, and 258.89±1.6g, respectively and the differences in growth between the groups were observed to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Black cumin oil decreased the feed conversion rate of the fish. The addition of black cumin oil in the fish feed increased feed consumption and the daily feed consumed per fish for each group was as follows: 0.93g, 0.93g, 0.97g, 1.00g, 1.02g and 1.02g, respectively. At the end of the experiment the economic conversion rates of the fish ($ Kg) were between 1.58 and 1.67, while the economic benefit index was between 0.60 and 0.72. The study showed that protein efficiency rates and specific growth rates of the experimental groups had increased. The addition of black cumin oil to the feed increased the proportions of raw protein, oil and raw cinder in the trout and decreased the proportion of moisture, while also increasing the amounts of linoleic, oleic and stearic acids.In conclusion, the addition of 1.00% black cumin oil in feeds increases growth performance in fish and decreases production costs.
Nonlocal special relativity

In the special theory of relativity, Lorentz invariance is extended in Minkowski spacetime from ideal inertial observers to actual observers by means of the hypothesis of locality, which postulates that accelerated observers are always pointwise inertial. A critical examination of the locality assumption reveals its domain of validity: it is true for pointwise coincidences, but is in conflict with wave‐particle duality. To remedy this situation, a nonlocal theory of accelerated systems is presented that reduces to the standard theory in the limit of small accelerations. Some of the main consequences of nonlocal special relativity are briefly outlined.
Moment Invaraints 1.Introduction

The ultimate aim in numerous pattern recognition applications is to extract the important features from the image data, such that a reasonable description, interpretation, or understanding of the scene can be achieved. Automating the process of image and scene analysis finds many applications, such as mail sorting, label reading, supermarketproduct billing, measurement of sizes of internal organs, and chromosome analysis, . etc.
Multimarket contact and the antitrust settlement in Airline Tariff Publishing Co ( 1994 ) †

In the Airline Tariff Publishing Co(1994) case, the government documented facilitating practices that were used by carriers to link routes as part of concerted actions. Evidence in that case brought to light rapid exchange of fare information among carriers using footnote designators and fare basis codes. Remarkably, the evidence pointed to coordination among particular “reciprocal pairs” of routes. This term refers to a specific form of multimarket contact that recognizes simple paired links between the routes of major carriers at dominant hub airports that can reinforce or facilitate the type of coordination described in Borenstein (2004). Borenstein’s conjecture suggests an interesting empirical test for fare differences on routes characterized by the presence of a reciprocal pairing among the carriers. We examine evidence about the fare performance of reciprocal pairs before and after the antitrust litigation. We ask whether higher fares remain in a selected set of markets after 1993, during the ban on specific practices alleged in the case. The theory linking the banned practices with coordination effects require their ongoing use, so the effects should be expected to cease after the case is settled. We find that, when route level fixed effects are included in the model, the higher fares attributed to reciprocal pairs are confined to the pre-settlement period. This evidence may suggest that, in this instance, antitrust enforcement was effective and that tacit collusion was restrained by the conditions of the settlement.
Material growth and device characterization of AlGaN/GaN single-heterostructure and AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN double-heterostructure field effect transistors on Si substrates

An Al0.2Ga0. 8N/GaN/Al0.1Ga0. 9N double-heterostructure field effect transistor (DH-FET) structure was grown on a 150-mm-diameter Si substrate and the crystalline quality of the epitaxial material was found to be comparable to that of an Al0.2Ga0. 8N/GaN single-heterostructure field effect transistor (SH-FET) structure. The fabricated DH-FET shows a lower buffer leakage current of 9.2 × 10−5 mA/mm and an improved off-state breakdown voltage of higher than 200 V, whereas the SH-FET shows a much higher buffer leakage current of 6.0 × 10−3 mA/mm and a lower breakdown voltage of 130 V. These significant improvements show that the Al0.2Ga0. 8N/GaN/Al0.1Ga0. 9N DH-FET is an effective structure for high-power electronic applications.
Social Environments Modeling From Kinect Data in Robotics Applications

This paper addresses the modeling of social environments from range information obtained from a Kinect sensor. The modeling is restricted to events representing the existence of movement in front of the sensor. A deterministic model based on a power law and probabilistic models based in Weibull and Lognormal distributions are considered. Real experiments in a hospital ward are presented together with a discussion on the relevance of these models to improve the acceptance of social robots in non lab social environments.
Defining ecologically relevant water quality targets for lakes in Europe

Summary 1. The implementation of the Water Framework Directive requires EU member states to establish and harmonize ecological status class boundaries for biological quality elements. In this paper, we describe an approach for defining ecological class boundaries that delineates shifts in lake ecosystem functioning and, therefore, provides ecologically meaningful targets for water policy in Europe. 2. We collected an extensive data set of 810 lake-years from nine Central European countries, and we used phytoplankton chlorophyll a, a metric widely used to measure the impact of eutrophication in lakes. Our approach establishes chlorophyll a target values in relation to three significant ecological effects of eutrophication: the decline of aquatic macrophytes, the dominance of potentially harmful cyanobacteria and the major functional switch from a clear water to a turbid state. 3. Ranges of threshold chlorophyll a concentrations are given for the two most common lake types in lowland Central Europe: for moderately deep lakes (mean depth 3–15 m), the greatest ecological shifts occur in the range 10–12 l gL � 1 chlorophyll a, and for shallow lakes (<3 m mean depth), in the range 21–23 l gL � 1 chlorophyll a. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our study provides class boundaries for determining the ecological status of lakes, which have robust ecological consequences for lake functioning and which, therefore, provide strong and objective targets for sustainable water management in Europe. The results have been endorsed by all participant member states and adopted in the European Commission legislation, marking the first attempt in international water policy to move from physico-chemical quality standards to harmonized ecologically based quality targets.
ASESSING NORMALITY FOR DATA WITH DIFFERENT SAMPLE SIZES USING SAS, MINITAB AND R

Different statistical packages may produce different results of statistical analysis such as normality test. It happens due to different computational methods. This study tries to explore normality test beased on different statistical packages. We vary different sample sizes to bes tested based on a numerical example. We found that SAS, Minitab, and R produce different conclusion with regard to normality test. Meanwhile, sample size also has effect on the test of normality where larger sample size tends to produce conclusion of normality.