Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DCASE 2019 TASK 2 : SEMI-SUPERVISED NETWORKS WITH HEAVY DATA AUGMENTATIONS TO BATTLE AGAINST LABEL NOISE IN AUDIO TAGGING TASK

This technical report describes a system used for DCASE 2019 Task 2: Audio tagging with noisy labels and minimal supervision. Building a large-scale multi-label dataset normally requires extensive amount of manual effort, especially for general-purpose audio tagging system. To tackle the problem, we use a semi-supervised teacher-student convolutional neural network (CNN) to leverage substantial noisy labels and small curated labels in dataset. To further regularize the system, we exploit multiple data augmentation methods, including SpecAugment [1], mixup [2], and an innovative time reversal augmentation approach. Moreover, a combination of binary Focal [3] and ArcFace [4] losses are used to increase the accuracy of pseudo labels produced by the semi-supervised network, and accelerate the training process. Aadaptive test time augmentation (TTA) based on the lengths of audio samples is used as a final approach to improve the system. We choose a single system that generates the submission file Zhang BIsmart task2 3.output. csv to be the candidate model considered for the Judges’ Award. Other two systems use ensemble approach to furthur improve the performance.
D S ] 5 A ug 2 01 9 Algorithms to Approximate Column-Sparse Packing Problems ∗

Column-sparse packing problems arise in several contexts in both deterministic and stochastic discrete optimization. We present two unifying ideas, (non-uniform) attenuation and multiple-chance algorithms, to obtain improved approximation algorithms for some well-known families of such problems. As three main examples, we attain the integrality gap, up to lower-order terms, for known LP relaxations for k-column-sparse packing integer programs (Bansal et al., Theory of Computing, 2012) and stochastic k-set packing (Bansal et al., Algorithmica, 2012), and go “half the remaining distance” to optimal for a major integrality-gap conjecture of Füredi, Kahn and Seymour on hypergraph matching (Combinatorica, 1993). Extended abstract of this paper appeared in SODA-2018. Full version will appear in ACM Transactions of Algorithms (TALG). Research supported by NSF Awards CNS 1010789, CCF 1422569, CCF-1749864, a gift from Google and research awards from Adobe and Amazon. Email: bbrubach@cs.umd. edu Email: karthikabinavs@gmail.com Email: srin@cs.umd. edu Email: panxu@cs.umd. edu
Leaf mechanisms involved in the response of Cydonia oblonga trees to water stress and recovery

Quince tree (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) is known for bearing fruits that are rich in nutrients and health-promoting compounds while requiring low inputs of agrochemicals, and maintenance, but no information exists on the mechanisms developed at the level of leaf water relations to confront water stress and recovery. For this reason, the purpose of the present study was to identify the strategy (isohydric or anisohydric) by which quince plants cope with water stress and to further elucidate the resistance mechanisms developed in response to water stress and during recovery. In summer 2016, field-grown own rooted 17-years old quince trees (cv. BA-29) were subjected to two irrigation treatments. Control (T0) plants were drip irrigated (105% ETo) to ensure non-limiting soil water conditions, while T1 plants were irrigated at the same level as used in T0, except that irrigation was withheld for 42 days during the linear fruit growth phase, after which irrigation returned to the levels of T0 (recovery period). During the experimental period, T0 and T1 received a total of 374 and 143mm water, respectively, including rain water. The quince trees exhibited extreme anisohydric behaviour under the experimental conditions. As water stress developed and during the recovery period, the plants exhibited high hydraulic conductivity, probably the result of resistance to cavitation. From the beginning of water stress to the time of maximum water stress, leaf turgor was maintained, possibly due to active osmotic adjustment (stress tolerance mechanism). This leaf turgor maintenance may have contributed to the high leaf conductance, and, therefore, good leaf productivity. The low quince leaf apoplastic water fraction under water stress could be considered as another drought tolerance characteristic because if the accumulation of water in the apoplasm is avoided a steeper gradient in water potential between the leaf and the soil can take place under water stress, thus favouring
N 94 Stochastic modeling of turbulent reacting nows

Direct numerical simulations of a single-step irreversible chemical reaction with non-premixed reactants in forced isotropic turbulence at Rx = 63, Da = 4.0, and Sc = 0.7 were made using 1283 Fourier modes to obtain joint pdfs and other statistical information to parameterize and test a Fokker-Planck turbulent mixing model. Preliminary results indicate that the modeled gradient stretching term for an inert scalar is independent of the initial conditions of the scalar field. The conditional pdf of scalar gradient magnitudes is found to be a function of the scalar until the reaction is largely completed. Alignment of concentration gradients with local strain rate and other features of the flow were also investigated.
Silage of rehydrated corn grain

The objective with this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of water inclusion on the chemical composition and fermentation profiles of reconstituted corn grain silage. The experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design, with three replicates per treatment. Five treatments were evaluated with different levels of water inclusion (% of the natural matter): dry corn grain (control); 90% dry corn grain (DCG) and 10% water; 80% DCG and 20% water; 70% DGC and 30% water; and 60% DCG and 40% water, totaling 45 experimental silos. Inclusion of water in the silage of reconstituted corn grain promoted a reduction in the CP (%) and NDF (%) contents. However, the water increase elevated the NPN/TN contents and the amount of effluent, gas and dry matter (%) losses. The treatment with inclusion of 30% water in the natural matter leads to a better fermentation profile and fewer losses of effluent and dry matter, so it is recommended for ensiling dry ground corn grain.
Transformation of Global Agri-Food Systems: Trends, Driving Forces, and Implications for Developing Countries Georg-August-University of Göttingen GlobalFood Discussion Papers

Following the 2007/09 and subsequent world food price shocks, a growing number of simulation studies predicted their implications on food security. Studies that only require pre-price-hike data and the specification of relevant price or income changes have been advocated as a potential tool to guide the planning and targeting of mitigation programs. A critical research gap remains with comparing simulation outcomes across studies that use different, established methods on the same subject. In this paper we examine the extent to which different simulation methods drive differences in similar outcome variables and in potential targeting efforts. For this we build on three simulation studies set in Malawi, using 2004/05 LSMS data. We harmonize simulation scenarios and systematically adjust relevant parameters for the methodological comparison. We find overlaps in simulation outcomes to depend on scenarios and time horizons under consideration and to be driven by the study context. In case of Malawi, for a reasonable set of price changes, mean outcomes on district levels are fairly robust to underlying methodologies.
Definitions for Migrant Birds : What is a Neotropical Migrant ?

As a North American who has spent three years living in the Temperate Zone of the Neotropics (Paraguay), I often have wondered what the term "Neotropical migrant" refers to. Although some authors define a Neotropical migrant as any species of bird that migrates within the Neotropical biogeographical realm (Stangel 1992, Koford et al. 1994), the prevailing view of a Neotropical migrant is a species that breeds in North America and spends the nonbreeding season south of the Tropic of Cancer (e.g. Hagan and Johnston 1992a, b, Finch and Stangel 1993), a view which excludes austral (southern) and intratropical migrants (Levey 1994). Levey (1994) adopted a broader view of the term "Neotropical migrants" by including the latter two groups of migrants in the definition. I agree with Levey's arguments that austral and intratropical migrants need to be studied for both scientific and conservation reasons. However, by lureping all of these birds into the same category, we blur the already obscure definition of what a Neotropical migrant is and is not, which leaves us begging for a more precise set of terms and definitions for the various groups of migrants. In the New World, there are two fundamentally distinct systems of long-distance latitudinal migration: (1) breeding birds in temperate North America that migrate southward to spend the winter in warmer climates, often in Central and South America; and (2) breeding birds in temperate South America that migrate northward to spend the winter in warmer climates, but only rarely in North America. The distinctiveness of these two groups of migrants is accentuated by the timing of their seasonal cycles, which are essentially half a year apart. Biogeographers have long agreed that most of North America (north of central Mexico) belongs to the Nearctic realm, whereas Central America, the Caribbean and all of South America (south to Tierra del Fuego) belong to the Neotropical realm (e.g. Brown and Gibson 1983; see Fig. 1). In my mind, the two groups of migrants could logically be referred to as: (1) "Nearctic migrants," which breed in temperate North America and migrate southward; and (2) "Neotropical migrants," which breed in temperate South America and migrate northward. But instead, North Americans have persisted in selectively applying the term "Neotropical migrants" to the species breeding on the North American continent and wintering to the south of the Tropic of Cancer, which all but precludes the use of the term for migrant species breeding in temperate South America. The use of this term in this context is so
Fountain Introduction , dispersal and potential impacts of the green crab Carcinus maenas in San Francisco Bay , California

The North Atlantic portunid crab Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus, 1758) has invaded the North Pacific Ocean following more than two centuries of global dispersal due to human activities. C. rnaenas was first collected in San Francisco Bay, California, in 1989-1990, where its distribution and prey selectivity were investigated in 1992-1994. It has become abundant in shallow, warm lagoons (which as favorable and retentive microhabitats may have served as invasion incubators) and spread throughout the north, central and south bays. It may have arrived in ballast water, on fouled ships, amongst algae with imported live bait or lobsters, or by intentional release; genetic comparisons of the Bay population with possible source populations may aid in defining the transport mechanism. C. maenas' eurytopic nature, its high breeding potential, and its diet and feeding behavior suggest the potential for extensive ecosystem alterations through predator-prey interactions, competition, disturbance, and indirect effects. Although both negative economic impacts through reduction or disruption of fisheries and positive impacts of providing bait and human-food fisheries have been documented in a few regions, the potential economic impacts in San Francisco Bay remain largely unknown.
Aalborg Universitet Full Discrete Modeling , Controller Design and Sensitivity Analysis for High Performance Grid-Forming Converters in Islanded

Recent works have shown that statefeedback decoupling of capacitor voltage allows for drastic bandwidth enlarging of current controllers for grid-former converters in islanded microgrids. Furthermore, Smith predictor and lead compensation have been also proved as very effective implementations for compensating the controller delays. These features are key to fulfil demanding requirements in terms of voltage regulation in islanded applications. This work deepens in the discrete-time domain modelling and implementation issues of the abovementioned techniques. A full discrete-time and sensitivity analyses reveal phenomena not properly modelled in previous works, which limits the performance: the presence of high-frequency oscillations due to discrete poles with negative real part. Subsequently, proper design countermeasures (i.e., limit bandwidth) are proposed. Discrete implementation of the voltage controller is also addressed, and design guidelines are provided. Experimental tests in accordance with the high demanding standards for UPS systems verify the theoretical analysis.
The Cause of Short-Term Momentum Strategies in Stock Market : Evidence from Taiwan

This study used the daily return data of the stock market in Taiwan to verify short-term investment performance. Referencing the momentum strategies proposed by Jegadeesh and Titman (1993). We found that Taiwan stocks had significant short-term momentum. The cause of this was the investors’ sentiments, especially toward the stock market turnover rate and the ratio of margin purchase to short-sale are significant cause of short-term momentum by interpreting and cross-validating CAPM, three-factors (Fama and French, 1992), macroeconomic factors model (Chen et al., 1986), and investors’ sentiments (Baker and Wurgler, 2006).
Towards a Study to Assess Conversation-based Interaction between People with Dementia and Robots

Socially Assistive Robots (SAR) promote social interaction to provide cognitive, social and emotional support to people who interact with them. Therapies and interventions supported by SAR technologies for people with dementia (PwD) have found promising applications. Since a conversation is one of the most important strategies for social interaction with PwD we propose the use of a robot to enact a personalized conversation to calm, distract and relax people who suffer from dementia. However, a PwD-robot interaction has many differences with respect to an interaction between a robot and a person without dementia. Thus, to achieve our goal we propose a study to explore the adoption of a conversational SAR by PwD. In this work, we propose an exploratory study to answer open questions about PWD-robot interaction related to engagement, adoption factors, and communication strategies. We expect to answer these questions using common metrics used for human-robot interaction (HRI) and dementia research. With this study, we expect to determine which issues influence the adoption of a SAR by PwD. Moreover, this study will allow us to better understand how a PwD can interact with an autonomous conversational robot.
Constructive Negation for MiniKanren

We present an extension of MiniKanren with the negation operator based on the method of constructive negation. The idea of this method is to constructively build a stream of answers for the negated goal by collecting and negating individual answers to the positive version of the goal. As we demonstrate on the series of examples constructive negation suits to pure logical nature of MiniKanren: the relations involving the negation operator still can be “run” in various directions.
2 Concept of light-emitting metasurfaces

Photonic metasurfaces, that is, two-dimensional arrangements of designed plasmonic or dielectric resonant scatterers, have been established as a successful concept for controlling light fields at the nanoscale. While the majority of research so far has concentrated on passive metasurfaces, the direct integration of nanoscale emitters into the metasurface architecture offers unique opportunities ranging from fundamental investigations of complex light-matter interactions to the creation of flat sources of tailored light fields. While the integration of emitters in metasurfaces as well as many fundamental effects occurring in such structures were initially studied in the realm of nanoplasmonics, the field has recently gained significant momentum following the development of Mie-resonant dielectric metasurfaces. Because of their low absorption losses, additional possibilities for emitter integration, and compatibility with semiconductor-based light-emitting devices, all-dielectric systems are promising for highly efficient metasurface light sources. Furthermore, a flurry of new emission phenomena are expected based on their multipolar resonant response. This review reports on the state of the art of light-emitting metasurfaces, covering both plasmonic and all-dielectric systems.
Partial replica location and selection for spatial datasets

As the size of scientific datasets continues to grow, we will not be able to store enormous datasets on a single grid node, but must distribute them across many grid nodes. The implementation of partial or incomplete replicas, which represent only a subset of a larger dataset, has been an active topic of research. Partial Spatial Replicas extend this functionality to spatial data, allowing us to distribute a spatial dataset in pieces over several locations. We investigate solutions to the partial spatial replica selection problems. First, we describe and develop two designs for an Spatial Replica Location Service (SRLS), which must return the set of replicas that intersect with a query region. Integrating a relational database, a spatial data structure and grid computing software, we build a scalable solution that works well even for several million replicas. In our SRLS, we have improved performance by designing a R-tree structure in the backend database, and by aggregating several queries into one larger query, which reduces overhead. We also use the Morton Space-filling Curve during R-tree construction, which improves spatial locality. In addition, we describe R-tree Prefetching(RTP), which effectively utilizes the modern multi-processor architecture. Second, we present and implement a fast replica selection algorithm in which a set of partial replicas is chosen from a set of candidates so that retrieval performance is maximized. Using an R-tree based heuristic algorithm, we achieve O(n log n) complexity for this NP-complete problem. We describe a model for disk access performance that takes filesystem prefetching into account and is sufficiently accurate for spatial replica selection. Making a few simplifying assumptions, we present a fast replica selection algorithm for partial spatial replicas. The algorithm uses a greedy approach that attempts to maximize performance by choosing a collection of replica subsets that allow fast data retrieval by a client machine. Experiments show that the performance of the solution found by our algorithm is on average always at least 91% and 93.4% of the performance of the optimal solution in 4-node and 8-node tests respectively.
se of crosslinkers to inactivate dentin MMPs

Objectives. This study evaluated the endogenous matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity of demineralized dentin matrix following 1 or 5 min pretreatment by various collagen crosslinkers. Generic MMP activity assay, total protein analysis, in situ zymography, gelatin zymography and multiplex bead technology were used to evaluate matrix-bound MMP
Comparative and evolutionary genomics and proteomics

Motivation: The genus Triticum L. includes the major cereal crop, common or bread wheat (hexaploid Triticum aestivum L.), and other important cultivated species. Wheat has emerged as a classic polyploid model and a significant role of polyploidy as a widespread evolutionary strategy in angiosperms is known. Research on wheat phylogeny has contributed to the understanding of this important phenomenon, but there are still discrepancies and deficiencies in information. Results: Here, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of all known wheat species and the closely related Aegilops species. This analysis was based on chloroplast matK gene comparison along with trnL intron sequences of some species. Polyploid wheat species are successfully divided only into two groups – Emmer (Dicoccoides and Triticum sections) and Timopheevii (Timopheevii section). Results reveal a strictly maternal plastid inheritance of all synthetic wheat amphyploids included in the study. Moreover, a concordance of chloroplast origin with the definite nuclear genomes of polyploid species that were inherited at the last hybridization events was found. This fact allows the most probable donor of the certain nuclear genome and plasmon at the same time to be determined. This suggests that there were two ancestor representatives of Aegilops speltoides that participated in the speciation of polyploid wheats with B and G genome in their genome composition. However, G genome species are younger in evolution than ones with B genome and more close to contemporary Ae. speltoides.
Load Estimation of Social Networking Web Sites Using Clustering Technique

Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn are the most popular online social networking sites on the Internet. These sites are a powerful mode of sharing, organizing and finding content and contacts. Usage of these sites is increasing so as to provide an opportunity to study the characteristics of online social networking sites at large scale. In this paper work, an attempt has been made to estimate the server load of social networking sites in order to maintain the servers efficiently. In this order, we have gathered the data for three popular social networking sites: Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn from Internet Libraries. Datasets contain data of 600 cities across the world in terms of Number of users and response time respectively. Further, we have applied Dimension Reduction Algorithm to reduce the datasets for the purpose to attain the meaningful data. Thereafter, we have applied two clustering techniques (KMeans and Agglomerative hierarchical clustering) on these datasets to estimate the load of social networking sites. Results confirm that the clusters which arise from both the techniques contain various number of objects which specify that all the objects (i.e. cities) comes under that particular cluster cover same load to some extent that validate the hypothetical claims and exhibit the effectiveness of our algorithms. 
The complete mitochondrial genome of Pyxicephalus adspersus: high gene rearrangement and phylogenetics of one of the world’s largest frogs

The family Pyxicephalidae including two subfamilies (Cacosterninae and Pyxicephalinae) is an ecologically important group of frogs distributed in sub-Saharan Africa. However, its phylogenetic position among the Anura has remained uncertain. The present study determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Pyxicephalus adspersus, the first representative mitochondrial genome from the Pyxicephalinae, and reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships within Ranoidae using 10 mitochondrial protein-coding genes of 59 frog species. The P. adspersus mitochondrial genome showed major gene rearrangement and an exceptionally long length that is not shared with other Ranoidae species. The genome is 24,317 bp in length, and contains 15 protein-coding genes (including extra COX3 and Cyt b genes), four rRNA genes (including extra 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes), 29 tRNA genes (including extra tRNALeu (UAG), tRNALeu (UUR), tRNAThr, tRNAPro, tRNAPhe, tRNAVal, tRNAGln genes) and two control regions (CRs). The Dimer-Mitogenome and Tandem duplication and random loss models were used to explain these gene arrangements. Finally, both Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses supported the conclusion that Pyxicephalidae was monophyletic and that Pyxicephalidae was the sister clade of (Petropedetidae + Ptychadenidae).