Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Twelve Cranial Nerves of Christmas: Mnemonics, Rhyme, and Anatomy – Seeing the Lighter Side

Anatomy, has in history, been linked to helpful ways to remember structures, branches of nerves, structures passing through foramina, etc. Scalp is even a mnemonic in itself (Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose areolar tissue, Pericranium). There has been concern by some educators that using mnemonics or rhymes promotes a surface approach to learning and is unhelpful in establishing long‐term and meaningful deep learning. This article argues that mnemonics and rhyme can be used, in the appropriate way, at the right time, by students as an important learning strategy. That strategy can help lay a foundation of knowledge to be developed and later built upon, or simply recall information more easily. Mnemonics, like all information that is to be recalled, is consolidated by rehearsal. In examining the neuroanatomy of learning theories, it is therefore possible to suggest that when students begin to learn an area of anatomy, such as the cranial nerves, using a mnemonic or rhyme, it can help students remember the names and facilitate the engagement of the working memory processes assisting the student to build a construct for subsequent deeper layers of knowledge. Modern approaches to anatomy education involve a myriad of learning opportunities, but educators must assess the value of each one before recommending them to students. It appears that using mnemonics and rhyme is as valid today as it has been for centuries.
In Silico Characterization of B Cell and T Cell Epitopes for Subunit Vaccine Design of Salmonella typhi PgtE: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Approach

Typhoid fever is an acute illness in humans, caused by Salmonella typhi, a gram-negative bacterium. Outer membrane proteins of S. typhi have strong potential for its use in the development of subunit vaccine against typhoid. In the current study, peptide-based subunit vaccine was constructed from outer membrane protease E (PgtE) against S. typhi. B cell and T cell epitopes were identified at fold level with a validated three-dimensional modeled structure. T cell epitopes from PgtE (IHPDTSANY) have 99.5% binding to a maximum number of major histocompatibility complex class I and class II alleles. They also bind to the typhoid-resistant human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles DRB1*0401. PgtE epitopes were docked with HLA-DR4 (PDB ID: 1D5M) and a contact map was constructed. A simulation search for the binding site for full flexibility of the peptide from CABS- (Cα, Cβ, side-chain)-dock shows stable interactions. Molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that the PgtE-epitope complex structure was more stable throughout the simulation (20 ns) and interaction did not change the radius of gyration. In conclusion, computational analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of PgtE-epitope complex were used to elucidate the binding mode, and the dynamical changes of epitopes were more suitable for vaccine development against typhoid.
Programming issues for video analysis on Graphics Processing Units

El procesamiento de video es la parte del procesamiento de senales, donde las senales de entrada y/o de salida son secuencias de video. Cubre una amplia variedad de aplicaciones que son, en general, de calculo intensivo, debido a su complejidad algoritmica. Por otra parte, muchas de estas aplicaciones exigen un funcionamiento en tiempo real. El cumplimiento de estos requisitos hace necesario el uso de aceleradores hardware como las Unidades de Procesamiento Grafico (GPU). El procesamiento de proposito general en GPU representa una tendencia exitosa en la computacion de alto rendimiento, desde el lanzamiento de la arquitectura y el modelo de programacion NVIDIA CUDA. Esta tesis doctoral trata sobre la paralelizacion eficiente de aplicaciones de procesamiento de video en GPU. Este objetivo se aborda desde dos vertientes: por un lado, la programacion adecuada de la GPU para aplicaciones de video; por otro lado, la GPU debe ser considerada como parte de un sistema heterogeneo. Dado que las secuencias de video se componen de fotogramas, que son estructuras de datos regulares, muchos componentes de las aplicaciones de video son inherentemente paralelizables. Sin embargo, otros componentes son irregulares en el sentido de que llevan a cabo calculos que dependen de la carga de trabajo, sufren contencion en la escritura, contienen partes inherentemente secuenciales o desbalanceadas en carga. Esta tesis propone estrategias para hacer frente a estos aspectos, a traves de varios casos de estudio. Tambien se describe una aproximacion optimizada al calculo de histogramas basada en un modelo de rendimiento de la memoria. Las secuencias de video son flujos continuos que deben ser transferidos desde el ? host? (CPU) al dispositivo (GPU), y los resultados del dispositivo al ? host? Esta tesis doctoral propone el uso de CUDA streams para implementar el paradigma de ? stream processing? en la GPU, con el fin de controlar la ejecucion simultanea de las transferencias de datos y de la computacion. Tambien propone modelos de rendimiento que permiten una ejecucion optima.
Effect of combined anti-PD-1 and temozolomide therapy in glioblastoma

ABSTRACT Background: Although programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade is effective in treating several types of cancer, the efficacy of this agent in glioblastoma (GBM) is largely unknown. Methods: We evaluated therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1, temozolomide (TMZ), and their combination in an orthotopic murine GBM model. The phenotype, number, and composition of lymphocytes were evaluated using flow cytometry. Transcriptional profiles of tumor tissues were analyzed using microarrays. Generation of antitumor immunological memory was investigated upon rechallenge. Results: Combined treatment with anti-PD-1 and TMZ yielded synergistic antitumor efficacy in the presence of donor-originated PD-1+CD8+ T cells in vitro, necessitating in vivo validation. Whereas TMZ did not rescue GBM-implanted mice, anti-PD-1 completely eradicated GBM in 44.4% of mice, and combination of anti-PD-1 and TMZ in all mice. Anti-PD-1 significantly increased the number of tumor-infiltrating lymhpocytes (TILs), and reduced frequencies of exhausted T cells and regulatory T cells. However, combining TMZ with anti-PD-1 significantly decreased the number of TILs, which was also observed with TMZ treatment alone. A transcriptome analysis of tumor tissues revealed that anti-PD-1 monotherapy perturbed immune-related genes, distinctly with combined therapy. Upon rechallenge, tumor growth was not observed in mice cured by anti-PD-1 monotherapy, whereas tumors regrew in the combination group. Furthermore, an analysis of peripheral blood revealed that antitumor memory T cells were generated in mice cured by anti-PD-1 monotherapy, not in the combination group. Conclusion: PD-1 blockade induces long-term therapeutic response, and combination with TMZ further enhances antitumor efficacy. However, immunological memory is provoked by anti-PD-1 monotherapy, not by combined therapy.
Deuterium induces a distinctive Escherichia coli proteome that correlates with the reduction in growth rate

Substitution of protium (H) for deuterium (D) strongly affects biological systems. Whereas higher eukaryotes such as plants and mammals hardly survive a deuterium content of >30%, many microorganisms can grow on fully deuterated media, albeit at reduced rates. Very little is known about how the H/D replacement influences life at the systems level. Here, we used MS-based analysis to follow the adaptation of a large part of the Escherichia coli proteome from growth on a protonated full medium, over a protonated minimal medium, to a completely deuterated minimal medium. We could quantify >1800 proteins under all conditions, several 100 of which exhibited strong regulation during both adaptation processes. The adaptation to minimal medium strongly up-regulated amino acid synthesis and sugar metabolism and down-regulated translational proteins on average by 9%, concomitant with a reduction in growth rate from 1.8 to 0.67 h−1. In contrast, deuteration caused a very wide proteomic response over many cell functional categories, together with an additional down-regulation of the translational proteins by 5%. The latter coincided with a further reduction in growth rate to 0.37 h−1, revealing a clear linear correlation between growth rate and abundance of translational proteins. No significant morphological effects are observed under light and electron microscopies. Across all protein categories, about 80% of the proteins up-regulated under deuteration are enzymes with hydrogen transfer functions. Thus, the H/D kinetic isotope effect appears as the major limiting factor of cellular functions under deuteration.
Utility of Novel Cardiorenal Biomarkers in the Prediction and Early Detection of Congestive Kidney Injury Following Cardiac Surgery

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in the context of right ventricular failure (RVF) is thought to be largely congestive in nature. This study assessed the utility of biomarkers high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) for prediction and early detection of congestive AKI (c-AKI) following cardiac surgery. This prospective nested case-control study recruited 350 consecutive patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Cases were patients who developed (1) AKI (2) new or worsening RVF, or (3) c-AKI. Controls were patients free of these complications. Biomarker levels were measured at baseline after anesthesia induction and immediately postoperatively. Patients with c-AKI had increased mean duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay in hospital and in the intensive care unit (p < 0.01). For prediction of c-AKI, baseline NT-proBNP yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.60–0.89). For early detection of c-AKI, postoperative NT-proBNP yielded an AUC of 0.78 (0.66–0.91), postoperative hs-cTnT yielded an AUC of 0.75 (0.58–0.92), and ∆hs-cTnT yielded an AUC of 0.80 (0.64–0.96). The addition of baseline creatinine to ∆hs-cTnT improved the AUC to 0.87 (0.76–0.99), and addition of diabetes improved the AUC to 0.93 (0.88–0.99). Δhs-cTnT alone, or in combination with baseline creatinine or diabetes, detects c-AKI with high accuracy following cardiac surgery.
Toward the Synthesis and Pharmacological Screening of a Natural Cycloheptapeptide of Plant Origin

The solution-phase synthesis of a proline and glycine-rich plant-derived cyclic heptapeptide, gypsophin E (8), is reported via coupling of a tetrapeptide unit Glycyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-L-proline-OMe with a tripeptide unit Boc-L-isoleucyl-glycyl-L-proline-OH, followed by cyclization of the linear fragment having seven amino acid units. The structure of the newly synthesized cycloheptapeptide was confirmed by means of chemical and spectroscopic methods. The newly synthesized cyclopolypeptide displayed potent antifungal and anthelmintic activities against the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, the dermatophytes Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum audouinii at the 6 μg/mL level, and the earthworms Megascoplex konkanensis, Pontoscotex corethruses and Eudrilus eugeniea at a concentration of 2 mg/mL.
Bidirectional Recurrent Convolutional Networks for Multi-Frame Super-Resolution

Super resolving a low-resolution video is usually handled by either single-image super-resolution (SR) or multi-frame SR. Single-Image SR deals with each video frame independently, and ignores intrinsic temporal dependency of video frames which actually plays a very important role in video super-resolution. Multi-Frame SR generally extracts motion information, e.g., optical flow, to model the temporal dependency, which often shows high computational cost. Considering that recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can model long-term contextual information of temporal sequences well, we propose a bidirectional recurrent convolutional network for efficient multi-frame SR. Different from vanilla RNNs, 1) the commonly-used recurrent full connections are replaced with weight-sharing convolutional connections and 2) conditional convolutional connections from previous input layers to the current hidden layer are added for enhancing visual-temporal dependency modelling. With the powerful temporal dependency modelling, our model can super resolve videos with complex motions and achieve state-of-the-art performance. Due to the cheap convolution operations, our model has a low computational complexity and runs orders of magnitude faster than other multi-frame methods.
Modified mean shift algorithm

The mean shift (MS) algorithm is an iterative method introduced for locating modes of a probability density function. Although the MS algorithm has been widely used in many applications, the convergence of the algorithm has not yet been proven. In this study, the authors modify the MS algorithm in order to guarantee its convergence. The authors prove that the generated sequence using the proposed modified algorithm is a convergent sequence and the density estimate values along the generated sequence are monotonically increasing and convergent. In contrast to the MS algorithm, the proposed modified version does not require setting a stopping criterion a priori; instead, it guarantees the convergence after a finite number of iterations. The proposed modified version defines an upper bound for the number of iterations which is missing in the MS algorithm. The authors also present the matrix form of the proposed algorithm and show that, in contrast to the MS algorithm, the weight matrix is required to be computed once in the first iteration. The performance of the proposed modified version is compared with the MS algorithm and it was shown through the simulations that the proposed version can be used successfully to estimate cluster centres.
PERHITUNGAN SISTEM TRANSMISI MESIN ROL PELENGKUNG PIPA GALVANIS BERDIAMETER 1 ¼ INCH

Mesin rol pelengkung pipa adalah mesin yang digunakan untuk melengkungkan pipa atau membuat pipa menjadi setengah lingkaran. Tujuan dari pelengkungan ini umumnya menghasilkan pipa dengan kelengkungan tertentu yang digunakan untuk konstruksi atap bangunan. Pada umumnya proses pelengkungan ini dilakukan secara manual menggunakan tenaga manusia sehingga kurang efisien. Maka dari itu penulis akan merencanakan sistem transmisi mesin rol pelengkung pipa berdiameter 1 ¼ in menggunakan transmisi kopel dan rantai, kemudian menggunakan motor AC dengan daya sedang yang dikopel langsung ke reducer sehingga menghasilkan putaran rendah, sehingga secara ekonomis meningkatkan efisiensi tenaga dan waktu. Hasil dari perencanaan dan perhitungan, didapat sistem transmisi pelengkung pipa 1 ¼ in dengan menggunakan daya 1HP dan putaran 1400rpm serta dimensi kopel 5,5mm, kemudian reducer dengan nilai i=50. Sprocket dan rantai roll nomer 60 dengan jumlah gigi sprocket kecil dan besar 16T:32T sehingga menghasilkan putaran akhir 14rpm lalu beban pada rantai sebesar 642,6 kgf. Umur bantalan sebesar 1334 jam kerja. Ulir penggerak yang digunakan untuk melengkungkan pipa adalah jenis acme threads dengan sudut 29°
Design of a framework to support reuse of Open Data about agriculture

Online Datasets in Open Data Portals typically have minimal metadata and users wishing to consider their reuse in extended analyses are poorly served. One approach is to ﬁnd and re-annotate the metadata according to subject-speciﬁc, community adopted vocabularies. In support of this we explore a multi-tiered framework combining the capabilities of a crawler, a tagger and a recommendation engine, as well as tools for the provisioning of data as discoverable services. We provide details of prototype scale implementations of these components and a cursory evaluation of the tagger for subject-speciﬁc metadata enrichment using the Global Agricultural Concept Scheme (GACS).
Determination of Flavonoid and Proanthocyanidin Profile of Hungarian Sour Cherry

Hungarian sour cherries (SC) are excellent source of anthocyanin (concentrations (100–300 mg in 100 g fresh fruit) and melatonin (0.15 mg in 100 g fresh fruit), but other flavonoid derivatives also can be isolated by aqueous alcoholic extraction. We have developed a new process for extracting non-extractable procyanidines bound to the membrane, proteins, and fibers. These compounds were seperated with UHPLC-MS methods, and the structure of individual components were identified on the basis of their mass fragmentation spectra. The antioxidant capacity of soluble and non-soluble antioxidants were measured with ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays, and compared to the new measurement methods of water-soluble antioxidant capacity (ACW), lipid-soluble antioxidant capacity (ACL). Furthermore, total phenolic content (TPC) and total procyanidin content (PAC) were determinated. As a result of our investigation, we found that the solvent combination, where in the first step is water–ethanol (1:1), then 100% ethanol were suitable for the extraction of the extractable antioxidants. However, the chemiluminescence method that is based on the elimination of the superoxide radical is more accurate than other colorimetric methods which measure antioxidant capacity.
Development of a global batch clustering with gradient descent and initial parameters in colour image classification

This study addresses two issues from batch clustering using K -means algorithm in colour image classification application. One of the major issues is the drifting phenomenon in the batch clustering due to the stochastic nature of the clustering procedure. Also in literature, the initial parameter is important to direct the clustering algorithm converge to the proper local solution. In this study, a new algorithm is proposed to address these two issues in application. Recently, a research found that the principal component analysis (PCA) result directly indicates the membership of the clusters in K -means algorithm. Hence using this, the first part of the proposed algorithm shows the possibility to estimate the initial parameters accurately for K -means with a hierarchical manner of PCA solution. In addition, a gradient descent approach is used for the global batch clustering to reduce the drifting and hence speed up convergence in the refining stage. All necessary proofs and justifications are also provided. The evaluation study has shown that the proposed algorithm performs better than the original K -means clustering algorithms with various initial parameter estimation processes.
A Type-based Formal Specification for Cryptographic Protocols

This paper presents a new approach for the formal speciﬁcation of cryptographic schemes using types. It discusses specifying a cryptographic protocol using homotopy type theory which adds the notion of higher inductive type and univalence to Martin-L¨of’s intensional type theory. A higher inductive type allows us to introduce constructors for paths and higher-dimensional paths in addition to points. Equivalences or bijections in the universe can identify the paths through univalence. A higher inductive type speciﬁcation can act as a front-end mapped to a concrete cryptographic implementation in the universe. By having a higher inductive type front-end, we can encode domain-speciﬁc laws of the cryptographic implementation as higher-dimensional paths. Due to univalence and func-toriality of mappings in homotopy type theory, the path structure will be preserved in the mapping and realized by equivalence in the universe. The higher inductive type gives us a graphical computational model and can be used to extract functions from underlying concrete implementation. Using this model we can achieve various guarantees on the correctness of the cryptographic implementation.
Analytic models for SIR disease spread on random spatial networks

We study the propagation of susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) disease on random networks with spatial structure. We consider random spatial networks (RSNs) with heterogeneous degrees, where any two nodes are connected by an edge with a probability that depends on their spatial distance and expected degrees. This is a natural spatial extension of the well-known Erd˝os–R´enyi and Chung–Lu random graphs. In the limit of high node density, we derive partial integro-differential equations governing the spread of SIR disease through an RSN. We demonstrate that these nonlocal evolution equations quantitatively predict stochastic simulations. We analytically show the existence of travelling wave solutions on the RSNs. If the distancekernelgoverningedgeplacementintheRSNsdecaysslowerthanexponential,thepopulation-scale dynamicsaredominatedbylong-rangehopsfollowedbylocalspreadoftravellingwaves.Thisprovides atheoreticalmodellingframeworkfordiseasepropagationonnetworkswithspatialstructure,extending analyticSIRmodellingcapabilitiesfromnetworkswithoutspatialstructuretotheimportantreal-lifecase ofnetworkswithspatialstructure.Potentialapplicationsofthismodellingframeworkincludestudying the interplay between long-range and short-range transmissions in designing polio vaccination strategies
Easily Cascaded Memristor-CMOS Hybrid Circuit for High-Efficiency Boolean Logic Implementation

Memristor is a novel passive electronic element with resistance-switching dynamics. Due to the threshold property and the variable conductivity of the memristive element, its composite circuits are promising for the implementation of logic operations. In this paper, a flexible logic circuit based on the threshold-type memristor and the mature complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology is designed for the realization of Boolean logic operations. Specifically, the proposed method is able to perform the NAND, AND, OR, and NOR gate operations through two phases, i.e. the writing operation and the reading operation. In such implementation, the total delay is very small especially for time-sequence inputs. Furthermore, for existing memristor-based logic implementation, a contrastive analysis with relevant computer simulations is carried out. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is capable of realizing all basic Boolean logic operations, and some more complicated cascaded logic operations with more compact circuit structures, higher efficiency, and lower operating cost.
Local multiscale blur estimation based on toggle mapping for sharp region extraction

In this study, a multiscale local blur estimation is proposed based on the existing local focus measure that combines gradient and toggle mapping. This method evaluates the quality of images regardless of their content (not in an autofocus context) and can predict Optical Character Recognition accuracy based on local blur. The resulting approach outperforms state of the art blur detection methods. Quantitative results are given on DIQA database. Moreover, the authors demonstrate its usefulness for extracting a region of interest from partially blurry images. Results are shown on images acquired by a project devoted to smartphone based text extraction for visually impaired people. In this study, sharp region extraction is essential since it allows warning the users when their picture is unusable. Moreover, it saves computing time.