Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Smad3 Induces Chondrogenesis through the Activation of SOX9 via CREB-binding Protein/p300 Recruitment*[boxs]

The transcriptional activation by SRY-type high mobility group box 9 (SOX9) and the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signals are necessary for chondrogenic differentiation. We have previously shown that CREB-binding protein (CBP/p300) act as an important SOX9 co-activator during chondrogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between TGF-β-dependent Smad2/3 signaling pathways and the SOX9-CBP/p300 transcriptional complex at the early stage of chondrogenesis. Overexpressed Smad3 strongly induced the primary chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, Smad3 enhanced the transcriptional activity of SOX9 and the expression of α1(II) collagen gene (COL2A1), and small interference RNA against Smad3 (si-Smad3) inhibited them. We observed that Smad2/3 associated with Sox9 in a TGF-β-dependent manner and formed the transcriptional complexes with SOX9 on the enhancer region of COL2A1. Interestingly, the association between Sox9 and CBP/p300 was increased by Smad3 overexpression and was suppressed by si-Smad3. Our findings indicate that Smad3 has a stronger potential to stimulate the SOX9-dependent transcriptional activity by modulating the interaction between SOX9 and CBP/p300, rather than Smad2. This study suggests that the Smad3 pathway presents a key role for the SOX9-dependent transcriptional activation in primary chondrogenesis.
An Amphipathic trans‐Acting Phosphorothioate DNA Element Delivers Uncharged PNA and PMO Nucleic Acid Sequences in Mammalian Cells

An innovative approach to the delivery of uncharged peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) and phosphorodiamidate morpholino (PMO) oligomers in mammalian cells is described and consists of extending the sequence of those oligomers with a short PNA‐polyA or PMO‐polyA tail. Recognition of the polyA‐tailed PNA or PMO oligomers by an amphipathic trans‐acting polythymidylic thiophosphate triester element (dTtaPS) results in efficient internalization of those oligomers in several cell lines. The authors’ findings indicate that cellular uptake of the oligomers occurs through an energy‐dependent mechanism and macropinocytosis appears to be the predominant endocytic pathway used for internalization. The functionality of the internalized oligomers is demonstrated by alternate splicing of the pre‐mRNA encoding luciferase in HeLa pLuc 705 cells. Amphipathic phosphorothioate DNA elements may represent a unique class of cellular transporters for robust delivery of uncharged nucleic acid sequences in live mammalian cells. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantitative assessment of diagnostic ability

This paper describes variables critical to diagnostic thinking that are based on research by Bordage and Grant & Marsden on the diagnostic thinking of medical students and experienced doctors. The purpose of the study is to use their findings to develop an inventory of diagnostic thinking. A 56‐item diagnostic thinking inventory was initially developed; each item contains a stem followed by a 6‐point, semantic differential scale. The inventory is designed to measure two aspects of diagnostic thinking: the degree of flexibility in thinking and the degree of knowledge structure in memory. The specific goal of the study is to determine which items discriminate best between weaker and stronger diagnosticians and to reduce the inventory to only those items which significantly contribute to the overall score. Thirty subjects from nine groups, each representing a distinct phase of medical education and clinical practice, participated, namely first‐ and third‐year clinical medical students, house officers, senior house officers, registrars, senior registrars, consultants, trainees in general practice, and general practitioners, all from the UK (n = 270). Discrimination indices were calculated for each item. The revised version of the inventory contains 41 items. All the subjects found the exercise meaningful and the resulting scores showed variance and discrimination. The inventory will eventually be used to assess individual student's and clinician's diagnostic thinking and to plan ways of improving their diagnostic thinking.
Supernova Remnant OH Masers: Signposts of Cosmic Collision

A supernova explosion, the final death throe of a massive star, creates an expanding bubble of hot gas that overruns up the surrounding medium. When a supernova remnant encounters a dense interstellar cloud, the compression may trigger gravitational collapse and the formation of a new generation of stars. This event can be detected through intense stimulated emission in the 1720-megahertz transition of the hydroxyl radical, OH, which yields unique insights into the physical processes and conditions occurring during the interaction.
“Rekenen-informatica”: Informatics for Primary School Mathematics

A number of issues is listed which arise within primary school mathematics and where a perspective of informatics may shed some new light on the matter. Together these points prove that there are many different possible connections between informatics and primary school mathematics, each of which merit further investigation and clarification. A rationale for further investigation of these issues is given.
Improvement of the electrical contact between carbon nanotubes and metallic electrodes by laser irradiation

In this work we used a new approach for electrical contact improvement between multi-wall carbon nanotubes and metallic electrodes by localized laser heating. The nanotubes were suspended, using the dielectrophoresis technique, over a gap of 1μm width and 5μm depth connecting the ends of the patterned electrodes. Subsequently, the as deposited nanotubes were directly heated, in ambient atmosphere, by a laser having a wavelength of 473nm. The Raman signal of the nanotubes, through its G band displacement, was used to determine the process temperature and this parameter was controlled by calibrating the incident power density. The changes in the nanotubes morphology were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electrical measurements. After calibration, this method was employed for improving the electrical contact between suspended multi-wall carbon nanotubes and different electrodes (W, Ti and Au). The reduction in the electrical resistance was between 80 - 99%, 80 - 95% and 10 - 90% for W, Ti and Au electrodes, respectively, resulting in contact resistivity as low as ~1 kΩμm2.
Iconization and the Timing of Southern Vowels: A Case Study of /æ/

With reference to Irvine and Gal's (2000) model of how language ideologies are constructed, this study examines the linguistic basis for the iconization of Southern American English vowels. The specific focus is on the spectral and temporal properties of the low front vowel /ae/ (TRAP). The paper proposes a unified analysis of this vowel’s seemingly inconsistent behavior as part of the Southern Vowel Shift and as part of the Southern drawl. In the proposed model, the latter is an extension of the former. The link is an internal timing feature, a delayed initial vowel target. This case study of /ae/ serves as the basis for a broader re-consideration of Southern Anglo vowel phonetics. This working paper is available in University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: http://repository.upenn. edu/pwpl/ vol20/iss2/10 U. Penn Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 20.2, 2014 Iconization and the Timing of Southern Vowels: A Case Study of /ae/
Purple membrane induced alignment of biological macromolecules in the magnetic field

The general possibility to align biological macromolecules in the magnetic field by the presence of orienting agents such as lipid bicelles has led to a wealth of new structural parameters which can be derived from residual tensorial interactions in high resolution NMR. Here, we report that alignment of water soluble biomacromolecules can be achieved in the presence of the naturally occurring two-dimensional crystals (purple membrane) of the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin. The extent of the alignment is tunable by the concentration of purple membranes and by the addition of salt which reduces the strength of the electric interaction between solute macromolecule and the membrane. At very high salt concentrations the purple membrane suspension undergoes a phase transition to a very viscous state. In this state, rotation of the membranes is hindered such that the orientation of the membrane patches persists even in the absence of a magnetic field. The induced alignment of solute molecules is shown for th.
Development of Functional Neurons from Postnatal Stem Cells In Vitro

In order for stem cells to fulfill their clinical promise, we must understand their developmental transitions and it must be possible to control the differentiation of stem cells into specific cell fates. To understand the mechanism of the sequential restriction and multipotency of stem cells, we have established culture conditions that allow the differentiation of multipotential neural stem cells from postnatal stem cells. We used immunocytochemistry, fluorescence microscopy, and calcium imaging to demonstrate that progeny of adult rat neural stem cells develop into functional neurons that release excitatory neurotransmitters. We also found that the nontoxic heavy chain fragment of tetanus toxin, a toxin that targets neurons with high specificity, retained the specificity toward neural stem cell–derived neurons. These studies show that neural stem cells derived from adult tissues retain the potential to differentiate into functional neurons with morphological and functional properties of mature central nervous system neurons.
Notice of RetractionNormal and Obese Liver Expressional QTLs Reveal Genes and Pathways Underlying Metabolic Disorders

Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) have been shown as valuable tools in dissecting the genetics architecture of gene expression. It also noted that the eQTLs of a given tissue are broadly affected by modifiers such as environmental exposure and health status. Herein, we report a large scale gene expression and genotyping study aiming to identify pathways underlying obesity and related metabolic disorders. Toward this goal, we collected 378 liver samples from healthy Caucasian individuals and 580 liver samples from obese patients. RNA extracted from these tissues underwent genome-wide expression array assay; and DNA were genotyped using Illumina SNP 650Y platform. We than compared eQTLs of these two human liver sets. Detected using linear model with interaction term, 465 cis-eQTLs showed significant heterogeneity between the two liver sets (termed as differential eQTLs), possibly modified by health status (ie., obesity). The corresponding genes of these eQTLs are enriched for the inhibition of RXR pathway (p=7.8E-4), which closely relates to obesity and diabetes phenotypes. Lastly, we investigate the function of the differential eSNPs in the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium cohorts. These SNPs are significantly enrichment for association with type II diabetes comparing to negative controls, bipolar disorders (pvalue=5.6E-13). The contributions of our study are at least two fold. First, we revealed genes and SNPs associated with metabolic disorders; and second, established a powerful method to detect and interpreting differential eQTLs. This method has wide applications given the fast growing genetic and expression studies.
The flush early and avoid the rush hypothesis holds after accounting for spontaneous behavior

When approached by a predator, prey make economic decisions between remaining where they are and obtaining benefits from their current activity or leaving and enhancing their safety. The "flush early and avoid the rush" hypothesis suggests that animals that flee to escape approaching threats flee soon after they become alert to an approaching predator so as to reduce any costs incurred by ongoing monitoring of the predator. This hypothesis has been supported by several studies, but some researchers argue the relationship may be partially or entirely a consequence of bouts of spontaneous vigilance and/or bouts of spontaneous locomotion (vigilance or locomotion that occur when the animal is unaffected by a predator), rather than an economic decision related to the approaching predator. If this were true, spontaneous vigilance might incorrectly be recorded as alert distance (predator–prey distance when the prey becomes aware of and begins to monitor the predator) and spontaneous locomotion might be incorrectly recorded as flight initiation distance (predator–prey distance when escape begins). To evaluate these potential effects, we recorded the intervals between bouts of spontaneous vigilance and locomotion by yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris). We used these baseline rates to conduct a series of alert distance–flight initiation distance regressions after removing potentially spurious observations recorded as alert distance or flight initiation distance. Although spontaneous vigilance and spontaneous locomotion may lead to artifactual increases in flight initiation distance as alert distance increases, the fundamental relationship remains after effects of spontaneous movements have been removed, supporting the flush early and avoid the rush hypothesis. We tested a key challenge of the "flush early and avoid the rush" (FEAR) hypothesis; our results provide strong support for the hypothesis.
An Efficient RSA Cryptosystem with BM-PRIME Method

Using more than two factors in the modulus of the RSA cryptosystem has the arithmetic advantage that the private key computation can be speeded up by CRT. With this idea, we present an efficient combination of two variants of RSA cryptosystem (Batch and Mprime RSA) which makes the decryption process faster than the existing variants. It can not only speed up RSA decryption but also guarantee the security of RSA cryptosystem.
A Review of Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery

This paper presents a review of vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickup and deliveries (VRPSPD). VRPSPD is a variant of the VRP where both delivery and pickup demands are fulfilled simultaneously. Due to computer accessibility and increased capability in computing, algorithm development has shown major advancements. These were reflected in VRP researches also. The need to improve vehicle routing, in turn, stimulates explosive developments in theory and applications of supply chain management. So without any surprise the VRP literature has grown exponentially. It is even more important to regularly assess and evaluate where the field is heading, and what should be done to improve that field’s course. This indicates the need for some form of taxonomical research. Keywords— Put your keywords here, keywords are separated by
Intermittent treatment with human parathyroid hormone (hPTH[1‐34]) increased trabecular bone volume but not connectivity in osteopenic rats

Previous studies have determined that intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy increases bone mass and improves biomechanical strength in osteopenic animal models. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if intermittent human parathyroid hormone (hPTH[1–34]) therapy increased trabecular bone volume and connectivity in a rat model of established osteopenia using three‐dimensional (3D) ex vivo in situ morphometry by X‐ray tomographic methods (XTM). Six‐month‐old retired Sprague‐Dawley breeder rats were used. Thirty animals were ovariectomized (OVX) and six were Sham operated. On day 56, post‐OVX, a prePTH‐treatment OVX group was sacrificed. The remaining OVX animals were randomized into four groups of six animals each, given injections 5 out of every 7 days for 28 days of either vehicle or hPTH(1‐34) at 4, 40, or 400 μg/kg of body weight (BW)/day and were sacrificed on day 84 post‐OVX. At sacrifice, the left proximal tibias were harvested for XTM scans. hPTH(1‐34) at medium and high doses significantly increased trabecular bone volume and trabecular thickness compared with ovariectomized animals treated with vehicle (p < 0.05). The trabecular bone volume was equal to or greater than the Sham‐operated animals in both hPTH(1–34) 40 and 400 μg/kg of BW treatment groups. Trabecular bone connectivity decreased by nearly 50% compared to the Sham‐operated group at day 84 post‐OVX and did not increase with any of the hPTH(1‐34) treatments. Intermittent hPTH(1‐34) treatment in osteopenic OVX rats increased trabecular bone volume to control levels or higher by thickening existing trabecule. Human PTH(1–34) did not re‐establish connectivity when therapy was started after 50% of the trabecular connectivity was lost. We hypothesize that to re‐establish trabecular connectivity, a therapeutic intervention would have to be given before a significant distance between trabeculae has developed. Further studies will need to be done to refute or confirm our hypothesis.
The Role of Nucleation Surfaces in the Texture Development of Magnesium Oxide During Ion Beam Assisted Deposition

Both the structure and the type of the nucleation surface play a key role in texture development of IBAD MgO films. We have examined these features in Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin films using two different types of deposition methods, atomic layer deposition (ALD) and electron beam evaporation (EBE). Examination of EBE Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with in situ reflected high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) films reveals the presence of a nanocrystalline structure that remains unchanged after and is insensitive to ion irradiation with 750 eV argon ions. In contrast, ALD Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> examined with the same method reveals a featureless image that appears amorphous. Use of the ALD Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> film can result in well-textured films with reasonable in-plane mosaic spread values (~ 14°) without process optimization. Similar results were obtained on ALD and EBE Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> films, although, the EBE Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> appeared amorphous in the RHEED even before exposure to the ion beam. The ALD Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> film resulted in an in-plane texture of ~ 10°. Finally, bare silicon substrates were examined. It was found that even with the native oxide remaining on its surface, the silicon underneath was amorphized by the ion beam and provided a suitable surface for the deposition of biaxial textured MgO with an in-plane texture of ~ 7° FWHM.
Bis(4-hydroxypyridinium) sulfate monohydrate

In the crystal structure of the title salt, 2C5H6NO+·SO4 2−·H2O, one planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.01 Å) cation is stacked approximately over the other [dihedral angle between planes = 8.6 (1)°]. The pyridinium and hydroxy H atoms are hydrogen-bond donor atoms to the O atoms of the sulfate anion; the cations, anions and water molecules are consolidated into a three-dimensional network through O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Microflora associated with healthy and diseased turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) from three farms in northwest Spain

A comparative analysis of the microbiological quality of three turbot (Scophthalnus maximus) farms (A, B, and C) located in Galicia (northwest Spain) is given. The microbial load and types of bacteria in the internal organs (liver and kidney) of apparently healthy fish was monitored over a year, and all the disease problems occurring during this survey were analyzed. The percentage of healthy turbot in which positive bacterial growth was obtained was relatively high in the three ongrowing facilities. Farm A exhibited the poorest conditions of fish health with an average of 42% fish infected, while farm B showed the best microbiological quality with 27% of turbot harbouring bacteria in the internal organs. In all three farms, a wide range of bacteria was found in healthy turbot with Vibrio (V. splendidus-V pelagius, Vfisheri-V harveyi and Vibrio spp.) and Pseudomonas spp. being the predominant groups comprising at least 80% of the total bacterial isolates in each farm. The highest number of pathological problems (22) with the most diverse bacterial flora occurred in farm A. Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were the most prevalent bacteria recovered from diseased turbot. Haemorrhages in palate and jaws, tail and fins, and ulcerative lesions were the most frequent external clinical signs of diseased fish recorded in the three farms. However, it was not possible to associate a particular bacterial species with a specific pathology. Routine use in farm A of oxolinic acid and nitrofurantoin may have led to the development in the Vibrio strains of resistances to both chemotherapeutants (up to 25%).
Exploiting Social Networks for Publication Venue Recommendations

The impact of a publication venue is a major consideration for researchers and scholars when they are deciding where to publish their research results. By selecting the right conference or journal to which to submit a new paper minimizes the risk of wasting the long review time for a paper that is ultimately rejected. This task also helps to recommend appropriate conference venues of which authors may not be aware or to which colleagues often submit their papers. Traditional ways of scientific publication recommendation using content-based analysis have shown drawbacks due to mismatches caused by ambiguity in text comparisons and there is also much more to selecting an appropriate venue than just topical-matching. In our work, we are taking advantage of actual and interactive relationships within the academic community, as indicated by co-authorship, paper review or event co-organizing activities, to support the venue recommendation process. Specifically, we present a new social network-based approach that automatically finds appropriate publication venues for authors’ research paper by exploring their network of related co-authors and other researchers in the same field. We also recommend appropriate publication venues to a specific user based on her relation with the program committee research activities and with others in her network who have similar paper submission preferences. This paper also presents more accurate and promising results of our social network-based in comparison with the baseline contentbased approach. Our experiment, which was empirically tested over a large set of scientific papers published in 16 different ACM conferences, showed that analysing an academic social network would be useful for a variety of recommendation tasks including trend of publications, expert findings, and research collaborations, etc.