Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cache Contention on Multicore Systems: An Ontology-based Approach

Multicore processors have proved to be the right choice for both desktop and server systems because it can support high performance with an acceptable budget expenditure. In this work, we have compared several works in cache contention and found that such works have identified several techniques for cache contention other than cache size including FSB, Memory Controller and prefetching hardware. We found that Distributed Intensity Online (DIO) is a very promising cache contention algorithm since it can achieve up to 2% from the optimal technique. Moreover, we propose a new framework for cache contention based on resource ontologies. In which ontologies instances will be used for communication between diverse processes instead of grasping schedules based on hardware.
Sentiment-Driven Stochastic Volatility Model: A High-Frequency Textual Tool for Economists

We propose how to quantify high-frequency market sentiment using high-frequency news from NASDAQ news platform and support vector machine classifiers. News arrive at markets randomly and the resulting news sentiment behaves like a stochastic process. To characterize the joint evolution of sentiment, price, and volatility, we introduce a unified continuous-time sentiment-driven stochastic volatility model. We provide closed-form formulas for moments of the volatility and news sentiment processes and study the news impact. Further, we implement a simulation-based method to calibrate the parameters. Empirically, we document that news sentiment raises the threshold of volatility reversion, sustaining high market volatility.
Polynomial analogue of the Kempner function

In the integer case, the Kempner function of a positive integer $n$ is defined to be the smallest positive integer $k$ such that $n$ divides the factorial $k! $. In this paper, we first define a natural order for polynomials in $\F_q[t]$ over a finite field $\F_q$ and then define the Kempner function of a non-zero polynomial $f \in \F_q[t]$, denoted by $K(f)$, to be the smallest polynomial $g$ such that $f$ divides the Carlitz factorial of $g$. In particular, we establish an analogue of a problem of Erd{\H o}s, which implies that for almost all polynomials $f$, $K(f)=t^d$, where $d$ is the maximal degree of the irreducible factors of $f$.
Evaluating Non-aligned Musical Score Transcriptions with MV2H

The original MV2H metric was designed to evaluate systems which transcribe from an input audio (or MIDI) piece to a complete musical score. However, it requires both the transcribed score and the ground truth score to be time-aligned with the input. Some recent work has begun to transcribe directly from an audio signal into a musical score, skipping the alignment step. This paper introduces an automatic alignment method based on dynamic time warp which allows for MV2H to be used to evaluate such non-aligned transcriptions. This has the additional benefit of allowing non-aligned musical scores---which are significantly more widely available than aligned ones---to be used as ground truth. The code for the improved MV2H, which now also includes a MusicXML parser, and allows for key and time signature changes, is available at www.github. com/apmcleod/MV2H.
The early growth of supermassive black holes in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations with constrained Gaussian realizations

The paper examines the early growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations with different BH seeding scenarios. Employing the constrained Gaussian realization, we reconstruct the initial conditions in the large-volume bluetides simulation and run them to z = 6 to cross-validate that the method reproduces the first quasars and their environments. Our constrained simulations in a volume of $(15 \, h^{-1} {\rm Mpc})^3$ successfully recover the evolution of large-scale structure and the stellar and BH masses in the vicinity of a ${\sim}10^{12} \, M_{\odot }$ halo which we identified in bluetides at z ∼ 7 hosting a ${\sim}10^9 \, M_{\odot }$ SMBH. Among our constrained simulations, only the ones with a low-tidal field and high-density peak in the initial conditions induce the fastest BH growth required to explain the z > 6 quasars. We run two sets of simulations with different BH seed masses of 5 × 103, 5 × 104, and $5 \times 10^5 \, h^{-1} M_{\odot }$, (i) with the same ratio of halo to BH seed mass and (ii) with the same halo threshold mass. At z = 6, all the SMBHs converge in mass to ${\sim}10^9 \, M_{\odot }$ except for the one with the smallest seed in (ii) undergoing critical BH growth and reaching 108 – $10^9 \, M_{\odot }$, albeit with most of the growth in (ii) delayed compared to set (i). The finding of eight BH mergers in the small-seed scenario (four with masses 104 – $10^6 \, M_{\odot }$ at z > 12), six in the intermediate-seed scenario, and zero in the large-seed scenario suggests that the vast BHs in the small-seed scenario merge frequently during the early phases of the growth of SMBHs. The increased BH merger rate for the low-mass BH seed and halo threshold scenario provides an exciting prospect for discriminating BH formation mechanisms with the advent of multimessenger astrophysics and next-generation gravitational wave facilities.
Impact of Spin-Transfer Torque on the Write-Error Rate of a Voltage-Torque-Based Magnetoresistive Random-Access Memory

Impact of spin transfer torque (STT) on the write error rate of a voltage-torque-based magnetoresistive random access memory is theoretically analyzed by using the macrospin model. During the voltage pulse the STT assists or suppresses the precessional motion of the magnetization depending on the initial magnetization direction. The characteristic value of the current density is derived by balancing the STT and the external-field torque, which is about 5$\times$ 10$^{11}$ A/m$^{2}$. The results show that the write error rate is insensitive to the STT below the current density of $10^{10}$ A/m$^{2}$.
Exact recovery in block spin Ising models at the critical line

We show how to exactly reconstruct the block structure at the critical line in the so-called Ising block model. This model was re-introduced by Berthet, Rigollet and Srivastava in a recent paper. There the authors show how to exactly reconstruct blocks away from the critical line and they give an upper and a lower bound on the number of observations one needs; thereby they establish a minimax optimal rate (up to constants). Our technique relies on a combination of their methods with fluctuation results for block spin Ising models. The latter are extended to the full critical regime. We find that the number of necessary observations depends on whether the interaction parameter between two blocks is positive or negative: In the first case, there are about $N \log N$ observations required to exactly recover the block structure, while in the latter $\sqrt N \log N$ observations suffice.
Nonlinear Absorption and Photocurrent in Weyl Semimetals

A theory of light absorption and circular photocurrent in Weyl semimetals is developed for arbitrary large light intensities with account for both the elastic and inelastic relaxation processes of Weyl fermions. The direct optical transition rate is shown to saturate at large intensity, and the saturation behavior depends on the light polarization and on the ratio of the elastic and inelastic relaxation times. The linear‐circular dichroism in absorption is shown to exceed 10% at intermediate light wave amplitudes and fast energy relaxation. At large intensity I, the light absorption coefficient drops as 1/I , and the circular photogalvanic current increases as I .
A Survey of Asynchronous Programming Using Coroutines in the Internet of Things and Embedded Systems

Many Internet of Things and embedded projects are event driven, and therefore require asynchronous and concurrent programming. Current proposals for C++20 suggest that coroutines will have native language support. It is timely to survey the current use of coroutines in embedded systems development. This article investigates existing research which uses or describes coroutines on resource-constrained platforms. The existing research is analysed with regard to: software platform, hardware platform, and capacity; use cases and intended benefits; and the application programming interface design used for coroutines. A systematic mapping study was performed, to select studies published between 2007 and 2018 which contained original research into the application of coroutines on resource-constrained platforms. An initial set of 566 candidate papers, collated from on-line databases, were reduced to only 35 after filters were applied, revealing the following taxonomy. The C 8 C++ programming languages were used by 22 studies out of 35. As regards hardware, 16 studies used 8- or 16-bit processors while 13 used 32-bit processors. The four most common use cases were concurrency (17 papers), network communication (15), sensor readings (9), and data flow (7). The leading intended benefits were code style and simplicity (12 papers), scheduling (9), and efficiency (8). A wide variety of techniques have been used to implement coroutines, including native macros, additional tool chain steps, new language features, and non-portable assembly language. We conclude that there is widespread demand for coroutines on resource-constrained devices. Our findings suggest that there is significant demand for a formalised, stable, well-supported implementation of coroutines in C++, designed with consideration of the special needs of resource-constrained devices, and further that such an implementation would bring benefits specific to such devices.
Awareness reports as inference in a higher-order state space

Humans have the ability to report the contents of their subjective experience - we can say to each other, "I am aware of X". However, the decision processes that support reports about mental contents remain poorly understood. In this article I propose a computational framework that characterises awareness reports as metacognitive decisions (inference) about a generative model of perceptual content. This account is motivated from the perspective of how flexible hierarchical state spaces are built during learning and decision-making. Internal states supporting awareness reports, unlike those covarying with perceptual contents, are simple and abstract, varying along a one-dimensional continuum from absent to present. A critical feature of this architecture is that it is both higher-order and asymmetric: there is a vast number of perceptual states is nested under "present", but a much smaller number of possible states is nested under "absent". Via simulations I show that this asymmetry provides a natural account of observations of "global ignition" in brain imaging studies of awareness reports.
Stem cell therapy without the cells

As an example of the burgeoning importance of stem cell therapy, this past month the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) has approved $70 million to create a new network of stem cell clinical trial centers. Much work in the last decade has been devoted to developing the use of autologous and allogeneic adult stem cell transplants to treat a number of conditions, including heart attack, dementia, wounds, and immune system-related diseases. The standard model teaches us that adult stem cells exists throughout most of the body and provide a means to regenerate and repair most tissues through replication and differentiation. Although we have often witnessed the medical cart placed in front of the scientific horse in the development of stem cell therapies outside of academic circles, great strides have been made, such as the use of purified stem cells1 instead of whole bone marrow transplants in cancer patients, where physicians avoid re-injecting the patients with their own cancer cells.2 We most often think of stem cell therapy acting to regenerate tissue through replication and then differentiation, but recent studies point to the dramatic effects adult stem cells exert in the repair of various tissues through the release of paracrine and autocrine substances, and not simply through differentiation. Indeed, up to 80% of the therapeutic effect of adult stem cells has been shown to be through paracrine mediated actions.3 That is, the collected types of molecules released by the stem cells, called the secretome, or stem cell released molecules (SRM), number in the 100s, including proteins, microRNA, growth factors, antioxidants, proteasomes, and exosomes, and target a multitude of biological pathways through paracrine actions. The composition of the different molecule types in SRM is state dependent, and varies with cell type and conditions such as age and environment.
P19 embryonal carcinoma cells: a model system for studying neural tube induction of skeletal myogenesis.

A model experimental system for investigating myogenic induction signals has been devised with mouse P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. When cocultured with pieces of chick neural tube, aggregated P19 cells are induced to become skeletal muscle. The most potent inducing activity is localized to the dorsal neural tube. Less activity was found in the ventral neural tube, notochord, ectoderm, and lateral plate mesoderm, and none was detected in the neural retina. These results suggest that P19 cells may be a useful model system for investigating the mechanisms underlying induction of somite myogenesis.
Heat stress resistance effect of flavonoids from Penthorum chinense Pursh on Caenorhabditis elegans

Background: Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) may overwhelm antioxidative defense, which is implicated in the onset and progression of various diseases. Flavonoids extracted from Penthorum chinense Pursh have a remarkable spectrum of bioactivities, while these pharmacological activities of flavonoids are at least partially due to their scavenging ROS and antioxidant ability. Therefore, we used the multicellular Caenorhabditis elegans as a model animal to investigate their antioxidant property and the possible molecular mechanisms in this study. Materials and Methods: The chemical compositions in P. chinense flavonoids were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Their anticancer and antioxidant ability in vitro were evaluated by inhibitory rate of HeLa cells, free radical scavenging, and iron-chelating ability. In vivo, synchronized L4 larvae C. elegans were treated by P. chinense flavonoids for 48 h. The survival rates of C. elegans were measured under heat stress condition. The antioxidant effect of P. chinense flavonoids on C. elegans was assessed by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde content. Results: P. chinense flavonoids was composed of six quercetin derivatives, two kaempferol derivatives, six pinocembrin derivatives, thonningianins A, and vanillic acid glucoside. P. chinense flavonoids not only showed a significantly inhibitory rate of HeLa cells but also exerted iron chelation and free radical scavenging ability. Furthermore, P. chinense flavonoids could extend the mean lifespan of C. elegans by approximately 17% under heat stress, which might be due to the increase of SOD and CAT activities. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that P. chinense flavonoids might be developed as a promising natural agent against environmental stress.
A Comparison of Global Lung Initiative 2012 with Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Spirometry Reference Values. Implications in Defining Obstruction

Rationale: Obstructive lung disease is diagnosed by a decreased ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC); however, there is no universally accepted lower limit of normal for the FEV1/FVC ratio. Current established reference values use the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) database. In 2012, the Global Lung Initiative (GLI) introduced GLI12, which is a compilation reference set that uses standard deviation values to define normal spirometry. Objectives: To evaluate the changes in classification of obstructive spirometry with use of GLI12 compared with NHANES III in a heterogeneous, multiracial population. Methods: We evaluated the spirometry studies conducted in our pulmonary function laboratory between January 2005 and December 2015. NHANES III reference equations were calculated to predict lower limits of normal for FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC. GLI12 values were established using European Respiratory Society published computer software. FEV1 severity was graded using 2005 American Thoracic Society guidelines for NHANES III and using z‐score‐based criteria for GLI12. Asymmetric partition analysis evaluated agreement between the reference sets. Results: A total of 11,888 studies were evaluated. Obstruction was diagnosed in 2,857 studies using NHANES III versus 2,489 studies using GLI12. Agreement regarding the presence or absence of obstruction occurred in 2,483 of studies with obstruction and 9,025 studies without obstruction (agreement, 96.8%; &kgr; = 0.91). Of the studies with obstruction, 1,595 had agreement in severity grading. Overall, agreement regarding obstruction and severity grading occurred in 10,620 studies, representing 89.3% of all studies. A total of 380 studies (3.2%) had discordance regarding the presence or absence of obstruction, 34.0% (844 of the 2,483 obstruction studies) had a one‐degree of change in FEV1 disease severity scoring, with 44 cases (1.8%) that had changes of two categories in FEV1 severity scores. No studies had greater than two degrees of change. Asymmetric partition analysis suggested that the highest clinically significant changes were seen in older individuals, particularly African American men older than 65. Conclusions: Our evaluation suggests that there is moderate overall agreement between NHANES III and GLI12. We found a 3.2% change in classification of obstruction when transitioning from NHANES III to GLI12. When incorporating a z‐score‐based FEV1 and GLI12 reference set, 10.7% of the spirometry studies had a change in their categorization. The disagreement between the two datasets was most pronounced in elderly subjects. Although we cannot endorse one reference set over the other, we highlight the potential implications of adopting the GLI12 reference sets and suggest caution when interpreting spirometry in the elderly.
On the robustness of the DC-DC boost converter under washout SMC

In this paper, the stability and robustness of the classical DC-DC boost converter operating in Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM), when controlled by washout Sliding Mode Control (SMC), are revisited. It is shown that there is an unstable limit cycle in the sliding dynamics due to a subcritical Hopf bifurcation. This limit cycle surrounds the stable pseudo-equilibrium on the sliding plane, bounding the attraction basin of such equilibrium for the sliding dynamics. The existence of this limit cycle and its evolution with parameters turn out to be of great importance for the stability and robustness control of this type of power converter.
Determinants of Compliance to Breast Cancer Screening and Referral in Low Socio-Economic Regions of Urban India

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women globally and also in India. Early detection by screening is likely to reduce mortality and improve survival. To study the determinants of compliance to BC screening and referral by women in a community based BC screening programme in urban India. Methods: A community-based one-time cancer screening programme, implemented in the urban slums of Mumbai, India. The programme involves screening for breast cancer by Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) performed by trained primary health workers (PHWs), referral of screen-positive women to the nodal hospital for further investigations, confirmation of diagnosis and treatment. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis in SPSS version 16 was used. Results: The compliance to screening, referral and treatment were 90.58%, 74.22% and 100% respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrate literate women, having family history of cancer, with tobacco habit, being treated for breast abnormalities, being ever pregnant and having history of contraceptive use were positive predictors while, women belonging to Muslim religion or speaking mother-tongue other than Marathi or Hindi were negative predictors of participation to screening. Educational status was the only significant predictor of compliance to referral. Screen-positive women with education of secondary school level or more were more likely to comply with referral. Conclusions: The programme ensured good compliance with screening, referral and treatment indicating feasibility and acceptability of CBE based BC screening programme by the community.
A CAAX or a CAAL motif and a second signal are sufficient for plasma membrane targeting of ras proteins.

Mutational analysis of p21ras has shown that plasma membrane targeting requires the combination of a CAAX motif with a polybasic domain of six lysine residues or a nearby palmitoylation site. However, it is not known from these studies whether these signals alone target p21ras to the plasma membrane. We now show that these C‐terminal sequences are sufficient to target a heterologous cytosolic protein to the plasma membrane. Interestingly, the key feature of the p21K‐ras(B) polybasic domain appears to be a positive charge, since a polyarginine domain can function as a plasma membrane targeting motif in conjunction with the CAAX box and p21K‐ras(B) with the polylysine domain replaced by arginines is biologically active. Since some ras‐related proteins are modified by geranylgeranyl rather than farnesyl we have investigated whether modification of p21ras with geranylgeranyl affects its subcellular localization. Geranylgeranyl can substitute for farnesyl in combining with a polybasic domain to target p21K‐ras(B) to the plasma membrane, but such geranylgeranylated proteins are more tightly bound to the membrane. This increased avidity of binding is presumably due to the extra length of the geranylgeranyl alkyl chain.
Failing arteriovenous access: endovascular option

Objective Hemodialysis access is considered the lifeline for patients with end-stage renal disease. So, maintaining it is extremely crucial for these patients. This study is designed to show the rule of percutaneous intervention to maintain their access. Patients and methods It is a prospective study conducted in Beni Suef University hospital from June 2016 to January 2018 on 20 patients with failing arteriovenous (AV) access. They were subjected to endovascular ballooning to relieve stenosis of their access and/or outflow vein. Efficacy, represented by technical success and clinical success, and complications of the procedure were assessed. Results The study revealed that 80% of the patients had technical success. However, 60% of the patients had their symptoms improved and succeeded to maintain their dialysis access. No major complications were attributed to the intervention. There was a strong association between lesions of total occlusion and technical failure. Conclusion Percutaneous treatment of dysfunctional or failing autologous dialysis fistulas can successfully and safely extend functional lifespan. Attention should be paid to lesions of total occlusion as they are difficult to cross and subsequently balloon dilatation.