Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GPCP Pentad Precipitation analyses: An experimental dataset based on gauge observations and satellite estimates

As part of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), analyses of pentad precipitation have been constructed on a 2.58 latitude‐longitude grid over the globe for a 23-yr period from 1979 to 2001 by adjusting the pentad Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) against the monthly GPCP-merged analyses. This adjustment is essential because the precipitation magnitude in the pentad CMAP is not consistent with that in the monthly CMAP or monthly GPCP datasets primarily due to the differences in the input data sources and merging algorithms, causing problems in applications where joint use of the pentad and monthly datasets is necessary. First, pentad CMAP-merged analyses are created by merging several kinds of individual data sources including gauge-based analyses of pentad precipitation, and estimates inferred from satellite observations. The pentad CMAP dataset is then adjusted by the monthly GPCP-merged analyses so that the adjusted pentad analyses match the monthly GPCP in magnitude while the high-frequency components in the pentad CMAP are retained. The adjusted analyses, called the GPCP-merged analyses of pentad precipitation, are compared to several gauge-based datasets. The results show that the pentad GPCP analyses reproduced spatial distribution patterns of total precipitation and temporal variations of submonthly scales with relatively high quality especially over land. Simple applications of the 23-yr dataset demonstrate that it is useful in monitoring and diagnosing intraseasonal variability. The Pentad GPCP has been accepted by the GPCP as one of its official products and is being updated on a quasi-real-time basis.
Effect of Diets on Biology of Abaris basistriata and Selenophorus seriatoporus (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

ABSTRACT Ground beetles or carabids are collective terms for the beetle family Carabidae. This family contains many species considered important predators associated with agricultural crops. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of different diet types on consumption, fecundity, and egg viability of Abaris basistriata Chaudoir and Selenophorus seriatoporus Putzeys (Coleoptera: Carabidae) . The diets assessed were as follows: larvae of Tenebrio molitor L. ; minced beef; dry cat food; the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani); seeds of signal grass, Brachiaria decumbens Stapf; and a diet mixture. Five males and five females of each species were kept isolated in a plastic container divided by a silicon barrier, one side being filled with sifted soil that was moistened for oviposition and the other lined with filter paper to receive the diet. A. basistriata did not consume the B. decumbens seeds. The most consumed diet by A. basistriata and S. seriatoporus adults was T. molitor larvae. S. graminum and T. molitor larvae and diet mixture were considered the diets most favorable for the reproductive capacity of A. basistriata and S. seriatoporus, respectively. However, T. molitor larvae and diet mixture were the most favorable diets for rearing both carabid species in the laboratory.
Mutual Funds and Market Variables: A Critical Review of Literature

The growth of mutual fund industry has shown a remarkable increase since past few years. The current study reviews the performance and role of mutual funds at both micro and macro level. The study sheds light on the mutual funds and their association with market variables and macro economy. The study discusses the great work of literature in context of fund-return, fund-volatility, funds-variables-economy and predictive ability of mutual fund flows. The study further proposes to examine these relationship in context of developing and emerging markets using PVAR and GMM models. The findings of this study will benefit investors, policy makers and academicians. Key words: Mutual fund flows, Market returns, Macro economy.
A Formal Property Verification for Aspect-Oriented Programs in Software Development

—Software development for complex systems requires efﬁcient and automatic tools that can be used to verify the satisﬁability of some critical properties such as security ones. With the emergence of Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP), considerable work has been done in order to better modularize the separation of concerns in the software design and implementation. The goal is to prevent the cross-cutting concerns to be scattered across the multiple modules of the program and tangled with other modules. One of the key challenges in the aspect-oriented programs is to be sure that all the pieces put together at the weaving time ensure the satisﬁability of the overall system requirements. Our paper focuses on this problem and proposes a formal property veriﬁcation approach for a given property from the woven program. The approach is based on the control ﬂow graph (CFG) of the woven program, and the use of a satisﬁability modulo theories (SMT) solver to check whether each property (represented par one aspect) is satisﬁed or not once the weaving is done.
Lörres, Möppes, and the Swiss. (Re)Discovering regional patterns in anonymous social media data

Abstract We study regional similarities and differences in language use on an anonymous mobile chat application in the German-speaking area. We use a neural network on 2.3 million online conversations to automatically learn representations of words and cities. These linguistic-use-based representations capture regional distinctions in a high-dimensional vector space that can be clustered and visualized to discover patterns in the data. We find that the resulting regional patterns are closely linked to the traditional division of German dialects, even though most of the conversations are written in standard German. The resulting maps correspond to traditional dialect divisions and language-external spatial structures, with a few notable exceptions that can be explained through external factors. Our method also facilitates two qualitative analyses, allowing us to discover geographically-pertinent words for various regional levels, as well as creating regional group-specific style profiles based on various linguistic resources. The results of our study strongly suggest the existence of region-specific patterns of language use (“digital regiolects”) representing distinctive strategies of linguistic stylization in relation to linguistic resources and topics. As a methodological contribution, we show how linguistic theory can drive the application and direction of neural network-based representation learning, and how their judicious application provides the basis for qualitative analysis of large-scale data collections.
Simulating disc galaxy bulges that are consistent with observed scaling relations

ABSTRACT We present a detailed comparison between the photometric properties of the bulges oftwo simulated galaxies and those of a uniform sample of observed galaxies. This anal-ysis shows that the simulated galaxies have bulges with realistic surface brightnessesfor their sizes and magnitude. These two ﬁeld disc galaxies have rotational veloci-ties ∼ 100 km/s and were integrated to a redshift of zero in a fully cosmological Λcold dark matter context as part of high-resolution smoothed particle hydrodynamicsimulations. We performed bulge-disc decompositions of the galaxies using artiﬁcialobservations, in order to conduct a fair comparison to observations. We also dynami-cally decomposed the galaxies and compared the star formation histories of the bulgesto those of the entire galaxies. These star formation histories showed that the bulgeswere primarily formed before z= 1 and during periods of rapid star formation. Bothgalaxies have large amounts of early star formation, which is likely related to the rel-atively high bulge-to-disc ratios also measured for them. Unlike almost all previouscosmological simulations, the realistically concentrated bulges of these galaxies do notlead to unphysically high rotational velocities, causing them to naturally lie along theobserved Tully–Fisher relation.Keywords: methods: numerical, galaxies: bulges, galaxies: formation, galaxies: spi-ral, galaxies: structure
What You Get Is What You Need? - The Role of Venture Capitalists in Managing Growth of New Ventures

The resource-based view is suggested as a useful concept to shed light on the particular challenges of high potential companies on their way to building a thriving and growing company. In order to be able to apply the theoretical constructs of the resource-based view in the present context, a categorization of resources is elaborated that fits particularly well to high potential companies. Existing literature provides evidence that these companies in general only dispose of a small resource base and that they are characterized by strong resource needs in all relevant resource categories. The role of venture capitalists is assumed to provide high potential companies with financial and non-financial resources that help to create core and non-core competencies. Ultimately, this bundle of core and non-core competencies would allow high potential companies to achieve a sustained competitive advantage. The empirical results of this paper are based on insights from three in-depth case studies on German start-ups, each representing a different investor-investee dyad. It comprises investees from different industries such as software, biotech, and energy as well as investors with an established track record, first fund investors, and semi-government-dependent investors. The cases show that venture capitalists provide a number of resources to their portfolio companies that allow building a competitive advantage. The role of the venture capitalists is thus to help high potential companies to complement existing resources and competences in order to develop their full economic potential. However, there is great variation between the resource provisions of the analyzed venture capital firms.
Molecular Magnetism Modeling with Applications in Spin Crossover Compounds

Molecular magnetic materials have become flourishing fields for research and technological developments due to their novel behavior compared to classical magnetic materials. Molecular magnetism modeling has reached a certain degree of maturity, although several experimental findings are still open problems. This chapter is aimed at providing a general introduction to physical modeling in molecular materials with a special emphasis placed on spin crossover compounds. This presentation includes Ising-type models and their generalizations, such as Wajnflasz and Pick, Bousseksou et al., Zimmermann and König, Sorai and Seki, and Nasser et al., along with their applica‐ tions to the characterization of phase transition, hysteresis behavior, and thermal relaxations in spin crossover compounds. Recent experimental findings are explained in this context and the relevance of theoretical results for technological applications is also discussed.
Nearest-Neighbors Based Weighted Method for the BOVW Applied to Image Classification

This paper presents a new Nearest-Neighbors based weighted representation for images and weighted K-Nearest-Neighbors (WKNN) classifier to improve the precision of image classification using the Bag of Visual Words (BOVW) based models. Scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) features are firstly extracted from images. Then, the K-means++ algorithm is adopted in place of the conventional K-means algorithm to generate a more effective visual dictionary. Furthermore, the histogram of visual words becomes more expressive by utilizing the proposed weighted vector quantization (WVQ). Finally, WKNN classifier is applied to enhance the properties of the classification task between images in which similar levels of background noise are present. Average precision and absolute change degree are calculated to assess the classification performance and the stability of K-means++ algorithm, respectively. Experimental results on three diverse datasets: Caltech-101, Caltech-256 and PASCAL VOC 2011 show that the proposed WVQ method and WKNN method further improve the performance of classification.
Increased Biomechanical Stability Offered by Headless Screw Technique for Fixation of Standard Joint Depressed Intraarticular Calcaneus Fractures

Introduction Anatomic reduction with internal fixation of intraarticular calcaneus fractures has gained popularity over the past 15 years (1, 2). Internal fixation of the os calcis is often complicated by prolonged soft tissue management and posterior facet disruption (3). Biomechanical analysis of calcaneal fixation has also been difficult and a variety of techniques have been described (2, 4, 5). An ideal calcaneal construct would include minimal hardware prominence, sturdy posterior facet fixation and nominal soft tissue disruption. The purpose of this study was to develop such a construct and provide a quality biomechanical analysis comparing our novel technique with standard calcaneus internal fixation. This study expands on a previous study by using improved testing methodology and having greater statistical power.
eFFects OF CROTALARIA JUNCEA On the anhYDROBIOtIc state OF ROTYLENCHULUS RENIFORMIS

Marahatta, S. P., K. -H. Wang, B. S. Sipes, and C. R. R. Hooks. 2012. Effects of Crotalaria juncea on the anhydrobiotic state of Rotylenchulus reniformis. Nematropica 42:34-40. Although Crotalaria juncea is known to produce allelopathic compounds against many plant-parasitic nematodes, it is unclear if this allelopathic effect suppresses the anhydrobiotic state of reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted where soil from a fallow pineapple field with a history of reniform nematode infestation was preconditioned by 1) keeping the soil dry (DRY), 2) irrigating (IRR), 3) growing sunn hemp (SH), or 4) growing cowpea (CP) for 3 mo. The conditioning mimicked four different schemes of field conditions that stimulate different reniform nematode survival states. DRY was expected to encourage a non-active state, whereas IRR, SH and CP were expected to encourage active states. At the end of conditioning, soils were either incorporated or not incorporated with sunn hemp foliage. Cowpeas were planted for bioassay. At termination of conditioning, DRY resulted in higher numbers of non-active (anhydrobiotic) nematodes than IRR, SH, and CP (P < 0.05). At termination of the cowpea bioassay, soil incorporation of SH suppressed numbers of reniform nematodes in soils and in bioassay cowpea roots when soil was conditioned with CP, but not in DRY conditioning. Soil incorporation of SH also reduced numbers of reniform nematodes in bioassay cowpea roots when the soil was conditioned with SH. Thus, soil incorporation of SH did not effectively suppress reniform nematodes in their anhydrobiotic state.
Entropy for group endomorphisms and homogeneous spaces

Topological entropy há(T) is defined for a uniformly continuous map on a metric space. General statements are proved about this entropy, and it is calculated for affine maps of Lie groups and certain homogeneous spaces. We compare hd(T) with measure theoretic entropy h(T); in particular h(T) = hd(T) for Haar measure and affine maps Ton compact metrizable groups. A particular case of this yields the wellknown formula for h(T) when T is a toral automorphism. Introduction. We shall study topological entropy, concentrating on its relation to measure theoretic entropy and algebraic examples. Our topological entropy hd(T) is defined (in §2) for a uniformly continuous map F on a metric space (X, d). In [1] a topological entropy h(T) was defined for a continuous map on a compact topological space; if the space is compact metric then h(T)—hd(T). An essential part of this paper is the computation of hd(T) for certain maps on noncompact spaces. Suppose p is a Borel measure on p(X) = l, and p is F-invariant (i.e. p(T~x(A)) =p(A) for every Borel set A). One can then define a measure theoretic entropy hu(T) as follows: Call a={Au . , Ar} a (finite) measurable partition of A" if the A¡ are disjoint measurable subsets of X covering X. Now set Hja) = 2 -4mc\ T-kAik) iogp(mn t-*a\ Then the limit hß(T, a) = limm_00 (\/m)HJa) exists and one defines hu(T) = sup {hu(T, a) : a is a finite measurable partition of X}. (See [6] for details about measure theoretic entropy.) Two points in X are separated by a = {A±,. , Ar} provided they lie in different ^i's. We shall use the following fact to compute entropy : Fact (see [6]). Let {ak}k = 0 be a sequence of measurable partitions of X satisfying the following property: If x, ye X are distinct there is an n(x, y) such that ak separates x and y whenever k S: n(x, y). Then hu(f) = supfc h(T, ak). As is generally known, if T: G -> G is a surjective endomorphism of a compact metrizable group, then F preserves Haar measure p. For such a F we show that the Received by the editors October 17, 1969 and, in revised form, February 2, 1970. AMS 1969 subject classifications. Primary 2870, 2875; Secondary 5482.
The role of game design in addressing behavioural change

With the increasing promotion of design for behavioural change as a means of addressing the complex societal and environmental challenges the world currently faces, comes the associated challenge of developing appropriate design techniques to achieve such change. Whilst many designers have sought inspiration from game design they have often drawn from the techniques associated with ‘gamification’ which has been heavily criticised as manipulative and only capable of addressing simplistic extrinsic personal motivations. In this paper I discuss an alternative perspective whereby games are considered a rhetorical medium through which players can rehearse plausible alternate presents or speculative futures. The consideration of games in this way is effectively extending the view that ‘all design is rhetoric’ to include interactive systems and in this paper I highlight how by adopting such a perspective enables designers to tackle complex issues without resorting to reductionist approaches.
Want to Enroll in a MOOC? No Thanks, My Professors Have Their Own Videos

Purpose: The paper explores how professors, in adopting short digital video lectures as a complementary teaching platform outside the classroom, could better enhance the learning experience for digital natives, i.e. millennial students, in challenging the growth of massive open online courses (MOOC). Specifically, the use of personalized, class-specific, video content made available on YouTube, in which the professor-of-record appears, is examined as a complementary learning platform for students required to read textbook material in preparation for class discussions.
Heart Rate Detection Using Independent Component Analysis and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines

- In this paper we describe a heart rate detection system that improves up on the existing heart rate detection system that uses independent component analysis by adding a regression system. The system has been trained using multivariate adaptive regression splines by taking actual accumulated data values and the values obtained by analysing components extracted from facial features.
Simulation of the Indian summer monsoon using comprehensive atmosphere–land interactions, in the absence of two-way air–sea interactions

Community Land Model version 2 (CLM2) as a comprehensive land surface model and a simple land surface model (SLM) were coupled to an atmospheric climate model to investigate the role of land surface processes in the development and the persistence of the South Asian summer monsoon. Two-way air-sea interactions were not considered in order to identify the reproducibility of the monsoon evolution by the comprehensive land model, which includes more realistic vertical soil moisture structures, vegetation and 2-way atmosphere-land interactions at hourly intervals. In the monsoon development phase (May and June). comprehensive land-surface treatment improves the representation of atmospheric circulations and the resulting convergence/divergence through the improvements in differential heating patterns and surface energy fluxes. Coupling with CLM2 also improves the timing and spatial distribution of rainfall maxima, reducing the seasonal rainfall overestimation by approx.60 % (1.8 mm/d for SLM, 0.7 mm/dI for CLM2). As for the interannual variation of the simulated rainfall, correlation coefficients of the Indian seasonal rainfall with observation increased from 0.21 (SLM) to 0.45 (CLM2). However, in the mature monsoon phase (July to September), coupling with the CLM2 does not exhibit a clear improvement. In contrast to the development phase, latent heat flux is underestimated and sensible heat flux and surface temperature over India are markedly overestimated. In addition, the moisture fluxes do not correlate well with lower-level atmospheric convergence, yielding correlation coefficients and root mean square errors worse than those produced by coupling with the SLM. A more realistic representation of the surface temperature and energy fluxes is needed to achieve an improved simulation for the mature monsoon period.
ONTINUING EDUCATION PROGRAM : FOCUS . . . he role of imaging in staging and monitoring esticular cancer

a UFR médecine, Departement of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology-Neuroradiology, Center for Medical Imaging, CHU de Tours, université François-Rabelais, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France b UFR médecine, Department of Urology, CHU de Tours, université François-Rabelais, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France c UFR médecine, Department of Medical Oncology, CHU de Tours, université François-Rabelais, 37044 Tours, France d UFR médecine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Tours, université François-Rabelais, 37044 Tours, France
Empirical Modeling of Policy Diffusion in Federal States: The Dyadic Approach

Policy diffusion is a common phenomenon in federal states: indeed, one of the normative justifications of decentralized policy making is that it permits the development and spread of best practices. Following Berry and Berry (1990), event-history analysis has been the method of choice for the quantitative investigation of policy diffusion, but Volden (2006) has recently introduced a dyadic variant of this method in which units of analysis are not states but, instead, pairs of states. This article discusses the dyadic approach with a particular focus on the diffusion of policies in Switzerland. The goal is not to introduce a new method, but rather to provide a practical overview for researchers interested in using it. The article shows how the method has migrated from the international relations literature to the policy-diffusion literature, describes the typical structure of a dyadic dataset in a diffusion context, and discusses several modeling issues. The usefulness of the dyadic approach is illustrated empirically with the example of health-insurance subsidy policies in Swiss cantons.