Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
mproving models of juvenile Atlantic salmon habitat use hrough high resolution remote sensing

The effect of spatial variation in substrate size on juvenile Atlantic salmon density in the Sainte-Marguerite, a major salmon-spawning river in QC, Canada, was investigated using ground surveys and remote sensing. Densities of both fry and parr were determined by single-pass electro-fishing at up to 48 sites along the length of the river in August of each of the years from 1997 to 2004. Substrate size was determined by two techniques. Firstly, a ground survey of median substrate size (D50) was conducted concurrently with the electrofishing, providing information on the substrate actually experienced by the salmon at the point of capture (a parcel area of 5 m × 20 m for each site). Secondly, an airborne survey was conducted along the length of the river in August 2002 using a helicopter-mounted digital camera. Images from this survey were then processed to show the mean D50 in the area of each image (an area from bank to bank, 60 m in length along the river) encompassing each parcel. Relationships between juvenile salmon density and substrate size were determined using preference models where the model partitioning had been determined by regression tree analysis. For comparison, preference models were also produced where the model partitioning was determined arbitrarily. The shape of the relationships between juvenile salmon density and parcel D50 were similar to those between juvenile salmon density and mean image D50. However, the relationship was stronger with mean image D50, suggesting that the habitat surrounding the location in which juvenile salmon were found had a direct influence on their density. Additionally, preference models determined from regression tree analysis had greater explanatory power than those determined using an arbitrary partitioning approach. These results suggest that remote sensing, alongside a robust approach for determining preference models, may be an effective tool in modelling juvenile Atlantic
Directly Elected Mayors and their Parties: The Cases of Genoa and Lausanne

While the literature on directly elected mayors has largely neglected the relationship between mayors and their parties, studies of party transformation have generally ignored how changes in local democratic rules and practices affect parties. This article addresses these questions using a qualitative case study of the relationship between mayors and the three faces of their parties (in local public office, local central office and on the ground) in Genoa and Lausanne. Based on interviews with the mayors, elected representatives and party members, it finds in the two cases that, as long as these mayors can count on high levels of popularity and are not nearing the end of their term, they are ‘party detached’. When these factors do not apply and/or party institutionalization increases, the relationship with the party in local central office (although not with the party in local public office or on the ground) becomes more significant.
Two-junction ballistic switch in quantum network model.

Searching of optimal parameters of nanoelectronic devices is a primal problem in their modeling. We solve this problem on example of the electron ballistic switch in quantum network model. For this purpose, we use a computing scheme in which closed channels are taking into account. It allows calculating correctly a scattering matrix of the switch and, consequently, the electric currents flowing through it. Without losing generality, we consider model of two-junction switch at room temperature. Its character is localization of the controlling electric field in the domain before branching. We optimize switch parameters using a genetic algorithm. At the expense of it for InP, GaAs and GaSb switch efficiency reached 77-78%. It is established that, for the considered materials, volt-ampere characteristics of the device are close to the linear ones at bias voltages 0-50 mV. It allowed describing with a good accuracy electron transport in the switch by means of $3\times 3$ matrix of approximate conductivity. Finally, based on the performed parameters optimization of two-junction switch we formulate the general scheme of modeling nanoelectronic devices in the framework of quantum network formalism.
The Evolution of North American Elymus (Triticeae, Poaceae) Allotetraploids: Evidence from Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Gene Sequences

Abstract Cytogenetic studies of North American Elymus suggest that the genus is an allopolyploid derivative of Pseudoroegneria (St) and Hordeum (H). To test this, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of North American Elymus species within a broad sample of diploid Triticeae taxa using cloned sequences from one member of the nuclear gene family encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. The phylogeny supports the hypothesis that Pseudoroegneria and Hordeum are the diploid progenitors of the North American Elymus tetraploids. Each tetraploid Elymus individual has two distinct forms of the gene, and each form is in a strongly supported clade with sequences from either Pseudoroegneria or Hordeum, suggesting that these Elymus species have an St + H genomic content. This pattern is consistent with a single (or multiple very similar) polyploid ancestor(s) of the North American tetraploids, confirming earlier results based on granule-bound starch synthase I gene sequence data. We also examined the utility of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the Triticeae by comparing it to starch synthase gene sequence data. Both nuclear data sets are phylogenetically informative, but suggest somewhat different evolutionary histories among genera within the tribe.
Advanced Maternal Age and Offspring Outcomes : Causal Effects and Countervailing Period TrendsTitle

Women are having children later in the developed world. The mean age at first birth has increased in each of the 23 OECD countries since 1970, now averaging 28, and advanced-age fertility has also been increasing. Advanced maternal age is associated with increased risk of poor perinatal outcomes, as well as an increased risk of mortality and cancer in adulthood. The research documenting these negative outcomes, however, neglects the potential benefits of being born at a later date. For a prospective parent, delaying parenthood means that the child is born in a later birth cohort. This is beneficial, as for many important outcomes from health to educational attainment, secular trends are positive. We illustrate this general principle using data from Sweden, and show that the macro level contextual trends outweigh the individual risk factors. As a result, fertility postponement even beyond age 40 is positively associated with long-term offspring outcomes.
DCASE 2017 SOUND EVENT DETECTION USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS

The DCASE2017 Challenge Task 3 is to develop a sound event detection system of real life audio. In our setup, we merge the two channels into one, then use Mel-band energy to calculate the converted spectrum, and train the model using a convolutional neural network (CNN). The method we use achieves a 0.8575 segment-based error rate on the final result, which is an 8.4% improvement comparing to the baseline model. It proves the practicability of using CNNs for sound event detection.
Mathematical Models of Diffusion-Limited Gas Bubble Evolution in Perfused Tissue

Abstract : Mathematical models of gas and bubble dynamics in tissue are used in various algorithms to mitigate the incidence and severity of decompression sickness (DCS) in man. These are simple models that describe the diffusion and perfusion processes that underlie gas bubble growth and resolution in terms of ordinary differential equations with relatively small numbers of parameters. The models fall into two distinct classes well-stirred tissue and unstirred tissue based on different representations of gas exchange between bubble and tissue. A series of models of gas and bubble dynamics developed to illuminate the strengths and limitations of models in these classes are reviewed here in the logical order in which they evolved. The final model in the series addresses the growth of multiple bubbles in a finite-sized tissue and accounts for the effects of spherically asymmetric diffusion and non-uniform blood flow. It is a comprehensive model with only a few underlying assumptions, valid for assessing bubble evolution in extravascular tissue. Yet it is computationally simple and readily applied in practical algorithms for limiting the incidence and severity of DCS in man during diving, altitude, and flying-after-diving profiles of arbitrary complexity.
Use of created snags by cavity‐nesting birds across 25 years

Snags are important habitat features for many forest-dwelling species, so reductions in the number of snags can lead to the loss of biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Intentional snag creation is often used in managed forests to mitigate the long-term declines of naturally created snags, yet information regarding the use of snags by wildlife across long timescales (>20 yr) is lacking and prevents a complete understanding of how the value of created snags change through time. We used a long-term experiment to assess how harvest treatment (i.e., small-patch group selection, 2-story, and clearcut) and snag configuration (i.e., scattered and clustered) influenced nesting in and foraging on 25–27-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) snags by cavity-nesting birds. In addition, we compared our contemporary measures of bird use to estimates obtained from historical surveys conducted on the same group of snags to quantify how bird use changed over time. Despite observing created snags for>750 hours across 2 consecutive breeding seasons, we found limited evidence of nesting activity. Only 11% of created snags were used for breeding, with nesting attempts by 4 bird species (n1⁄4 36 nests); however, we detected 12 cavity-nesting species present on our study sites. Furthermore, nearly all nests (94%) belonged to the chestnut-backed chickadee (Poecile rufescens), a weak cavity-excavating species that requires well-decayed wood for creating nest cavities. Our surveys also recorded few observations of birds using created snags as foraging substrates, with only 1 foraging event recorded for every 20 hours of observation. We detected 82% fewer nests and recorded 7% fewer foraging observations during contemporary field work despite spending >7.5 times more effort observing created snags relative to historical surveys. We conclude that 25–27-year-old created Douglas-fir snags provided limited opportunities for nesting and foraging bymost cavity-nesting birds, and that the period of greatest use by this group occurred within 5–15 years of creation. 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Efficiency of large wind farms: investigation of dependency on turbine technology and cluster layout

The installed wind power has increased significantly in the last decade and is predicted to increase further. With more installed wind power it can be expected that eventually wind farms will increase in size. Due to the wind speed reduction inside wind farms and the related power losses, it becomes important to understand to which extend the power production per unit area in large wind farms will be lowered. Previous studies have suggested that the power density of very large wind farms could generally be limited to 1 W m−2. However, our latest results from mesoscale model simulations of single very large wind farms with a given turbine type have shown that the wind speed and therefore also the power density depends on the local wind speed conditions, and installed capacity density, and surface roughness. Here, we first show that even for very large wind farms the velocity reduction inside a wind farm remains wind speed dependent and does not converge to a universal value as has been assumed previously. Then, we advance on our previous study and show how the wind farm power density and the efficiency varies for different wind farm layouts.
RHex : A Biologically Inspired Hexapod Runner 1

RHex is an untethered, compliant leg hexapod robot that travels at better than one body length per second over terrain few other robots can negotiate at all. Inspired by biomechanics insights into arthropod locomotion, RHex uses a clock excited alternating tripod gait to walk and run in a highly maneuverable and robust manner. We present empirical data establishing that RHex exhibits a dynamical (“bouncing”) gait — its mass center moves in a manner well approximated by trajectories from a Spring Loaded Inverted Pendulum (SLIP) — characteristic of a large and diverse group of running animals, when its central clock, body mass, and leg stiffnesses are appropriately tuned. The SLIP template can function as a useful control guide in developing more complex autonomous locomotion behaviors such as registration via visual servoing, local exploration via visual odometry, obstacle avoidance, and, eventually, global mapping and localization.
Mapping snow cover and snow depth across the Lake Limnopolar watershed on Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica

Abstract Few parts of Antarctica are not permanently covered in ice. The retreat of the ice sheet from Byers Peninsula on western Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica, has provided a new area of seasonal snow cover. Snow surveys were conducted in late November 2008 at the time of peak accumulation across the 1 km2 Lake Limnopolar watershed. Topographic variables were derived from a digital elevation model to determine the variables controlling the presence or absence of snow and the distribution of snow depth. Classification with binary regression trees showed that wind related variables dominated the presence and depth of snow. The product of the sine of aspect and the sine of slope was the first variable in both regression trees. Density profiles were also measured and illustrated a relatively homogeneous snowpack over space at peak snow accumulation.
Genome editing provides solution for cell therapy safety and immune tolerance : a guide for a One 4 All pluripotent cell line

CAR-T cell therapy for the GD2 tumour target Michael Brown 1. Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia We have enrolled 6 metastatic melanoma patients into the Phase 1 CARPETS clinical trial of autologous third-generation CART cell therapy targeted toward GD2. No significant adverse events were attributable to the CAR-T cell therapy. In vivo persistence of the adoptively transferred CAR-T cells was not observed beyond two months post-infusion except in the one patient who received prior lymphodepleting chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide and fludarabine. We have in vitro evidence to suggest that the lack of in vivo persistence may have resulted from activation-induced cell death (AICD). We are now modifying our ex vivo culture conditions both to favour transduction of T cells with a memory phenotype rather than an effector phenotype and reduce the likelihood of AICD. Our clinical protocol modification will also include broadening the eligibility to enrol patients with other types of GD2-expressing malignancy
AD-A 267 866 COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN PACKAGE FOR DESIGNERS OF DIGITAL OPTICA COMPUTERS

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. S um m ary . 1 2. Design Tools and Algorithms for Digital Optical Circuit Design . 2 3. Fault A voidance . 21 4. Architectural Implications of Reconfigurable Optical Interconnects . 24 5. Investigation and Development of Optical Interconnects . 30 6. R eferences . 35 7. Publications and Presentations . 36 8. Patent D isclosures . 39 9. Technology Transfer . 39 10. Plans for Future W ork . 41 11. C o nclusio n . 4 2
Intracellular Ca 2 + Regulation During Neuronal Differentiation of Murine Embryonal Carcinoma and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca]i) play a central role in neuronal differentiation. However, Ca2+ signaling in this process remains poorly understood and it is unknown whether embryonic and adult stem cells share the same signaling pathways. To clarify this issue, neuronal differentiation was analyzed in two cell lines: embryonic P19 carcinoma stem cells (CSCs) and adult murine bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). We studied Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum via intracellular ryanodine-sensitive (RyR) and IP3-sensitive (IP3R) receptors. We observed that caffeine, a RyR agonist, induced a [Ca]i response that increased throughout neuronal differentiation. We also demonstrated a functional coupling between RyRs and Lbut not with N-, P-, or Q-type Cav1 Ca2+ channels, both in embryonal CSC and adult MSC. We also found that agonists of L-type channels and of RyRs increase neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation, while antagonists of these channels have the opposite effect. Thus, our data demonstrate that in both cell lines RyRs control internal Ca2+ release following voltage-dependent Ca2+ entry via L-type Ca2+ channels. This study shows that both in embryonal CSC and adult MSC [Ca]i is controlled by a common pathway, indicating that coupling of L-type Ca2+ channels and RyRs may be a conserved mechanism necessary for neuronal differentiation.
A Fuzzy Neural Network model for Bankruptcy Prediction

Prediction of Bankruptcy has been an important topic for central banks of many countries. Altman’s Z-score model is extremely popular ever since the introduction in 1968. The Altman’s Z-score model is a linear analysis of ﬁve ratios, which are all weighted objectively. The summation of the ﬁve ratios forms the Z-score. A comparative study of Z-Score model, K-nearest neighbour, ID3, Linear regression model and Neural network model proved that the Neural network model was better than other models. This paper aims to prove that the hybrid fuzzy neural network model works better than other models in bankruptcy prediction. 35
Electron-phonon thermalization in a scalable method for real-time quantum dynamics

We present a quantum simulation method that follows the dynamics of out-of-equilibrium many-body systems of electrons and oscillators in real time. Its cost is linear in the number of oscillators and it can probe timescales from attoseconds to hundreds of picoseconds. Contrary to Ehrenfest dynamics, it can thermalize starting from a variety of initial conditions, including electronic population inversion. While an electronic temperature can be defined in terms of a non-equilibrium entropy, a Fermi-Dirac distribution in general emerges only after thermalization. The time evolution of the populations is rationalized in terms of a kinetic model.
Mesothelioma-Hiding Behind the ‘‘Community Border’’: Case Report and Literature Review

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare and highly aggressive neoplasm primarily of the pleura with a poor prognosis principally due to its late presentation. Differentiation of malignant cells from reactive benign cells in ascitic and pleural effusions can be challenging and may lead to diagnostic errors. Even after malignant cells are identified, it is equally challenging to differentiate malignant mesothelial from malignant epithelial cells. Diagnosis should be based on cytological evaluation and confirmation utilizing immunohistochemistry studies. We report the case of a 44-year-old patient diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma. Initial cytomorphology assessment was suggestive of adenocarcinoma (clusters with community border). However, with utility of immunohistochemistry studies for confirmation, the final diagnosis proved to be malignant mesothelioma and not adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis was confirmed using immunohistochemical studies even in the presence of strong cytomorphological features.
Practical occupational medicine in "practice"

In Denmark, the practice of occupational medicine tends to be carried out by specialists in occupational medicine and less so by family physicians. The provision of health service to workers is therefore limited. This constraint may also apply in other developed countries and even more in countries with few occupational health resources. This Editorial argues that family physicians are indeed in a position where they can make a major positive difference for their working patients and for the enterprises where they work. Without specialist knowledge in occupational medicine, the family physician’s empiric knowledge in combination with a narrative approach to the patient permits the contribution from family medicine not only with regard to diagnosis and treatment, but also relating to actions targeted to optimize the patient’s future accommodation at work as well as to protect other similarly exposed workers. Such involvement would expand the coverage of occupational health service to patients/workers on a global scale.
Development of Prototype Urbansim Models

UrbanSim is an integrated transportation land-use model that has been under development since the late 1990s. It has received a significant amount of attention in the integrated modeling community. It is well known for its disaggregated approach. A number of papers describing the application of UrbanSim have appeared in the formal and gray literatures. Some of these papers report on successful applications of UrbanSim with little description of the amount of effort required to develop an operational model. Those that do report on the effort and challenges of using UrbanSim suggest that substantial data and human resources are required. One recent report quantifies the human resource requirements as an interdisciplinary team of four for three years. This reputation makes many potential users think twice before developing an UrbanSim model. We believe the best way to evaluate UrbanSim for a new region is by having a sense of how it can be used, and how much effort is required to do so. Understanding UrbanSim, however, does not require having a fully operational model. This paper is aimed at researchers and institutions that would like to evaluate UrbanSim, but are concerned about the effort required to do so. Based on two applications (Brussels in Belgium and Lausanne in Switzerland), it describes a procedure to develop a prototype UrbanSim model and how to use it to evaluate UrbanSim for application to a new region. Its objective is to motivate, describe, comment and illustrate a procedure for an efficient evaluation of the use of UrbanSim. Its main contributions are threefold. First, it develops a procedure by which a prototype UrbanSim model can be developed for evaluation purposes in a new region. Second, it provides an analysis of the effort required to do so. Finally, in so doing it advances knowledge in the field of transportation and land-use modeling by helping modelers to evaluate the use of UrbanSim for a particular study region, in a rigorous and systematic way.
The Democratic Effect of Direct Democracy

A key requirement of democratic governance is that policy outcomes and the majority preference of the electorate are congruent. Many studies argue that the more direct democratic a system is, the more often voters get what they want, but the empirical evidence is mixed. This analysis explores the democratic effect of initiatives and referendums theoretically and empirically. The prediction of the formal model is that “bad” representation (i.e., a large preference deviation between the electorate and the political elite) is good for the democratic effect of direct democracy. An empirical investigation of original voter and elite survey data, analyzed with multilevel modeling and poststratification, supports this argument. Building on the literature, the findings of the analysis suggest that the extent to which direct democratic institutions are conducive for policy congruence—and may thus be advisable as democratic correctives to representative systems—depends on the political conflict structure.