Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Six novel susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease and cerebral infarction identified by longitudinal exome-wide association studies in a Japanese population

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebral infarction (CI) remain major causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified various genetic variants associated with these diseases. However, these studies were commonly conducted in a cross-sectional manner. Therefore, the present research performed longitudinal exome-wide association studies for CAD and CI using data on ~244,000 genotyped variants and the clinical data of 6,026 Japanese individuals who had attended annual health checkups for several years (mean followed-up period, 5±3 years). Following quality controls, the significance [false discovery rate (FDR) of <0.05] of association of the diseases with 24,651 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 5,989 individuals for three inheritance models was tested using the generalized estimating equation model. SNPs that reached statistical significance were further screened against a threshold of approxdf (a scale of small effective sample size) of >30. The longitudinal exome-wide association studies revealed that three SNPs [rs4606855 of ADGRE3 (P=2.5×10−6; FDR=0.031; approxdf=71), rs3746414 of ZFP64 (P=5.9×10−6; FDR=0.048; approxdf=93) and rs7132908 of FAIM2 (P<2.0×10−16; FDR<4.9×10−12; approxdf=65)] were significantly associated with the prevalence of CAD. A different set of three SNPs [rs6580741 of FAM186A (P<2.0×10−16; FDR<4.9×10−12; approxdf=48), rs1324015 of LINC00400 (P<2.0×10−16; FDR<4.9×10−12; approxdf=49) and rs884205 of TNFRSF11A (P<2.0×10−16; FDR<4.9×10−12; approxdf=32)] was significantly associated with CI. The comparison of disease incidence with these SNPs demonstrated that all the minor alleles were associated with decreased susceptibility to CAD or CI. In conclusion, six novel SNPs were identified as susceptibility loci for CAD (rs4606855 of ADGRE3, rs3746414 of ZFP64, and rs7132908 of FAIM2) or CI (rs6580741 of FAM186A, rs1324015 of LINC00400, and rs884205 of TNFRSF11A).
Underdetermined convolutive speech separation method based on channel identification and sparse recovery

In this paper, we consider the problem of separating of speech sources from their underdetermined convolutive mixtures with channel identification and recovery. Our proposed algorithm does not require any prior knowledge of the source geometry or the DOA information. The first step of the proposed algorithm is to estimate the convolutive channel from the speech mixtures after a clustering procedure is implemented to select time interval during which only one source signal is effectively present. The second step is to recover the speech signal based on a compressed sensing (CS) concept to use the sparse structure of the speech signals. Numerical experiments including the comparison with other separation approaches for convolutive speech mixtures are provided to show that our algorithm achieves desirable performance improvement.
Study on the SHE modulation of a 5 MW offshore wind three-level converter prototype

Offshore wind is favored increasingly. The focus of this study is to develop a high power medium voltage (MV) wind converter with features of high performance and high reliability. A developed 5MW 3-level MV wind converter prototype is described and commissioned on China's first 5MW direct-driven wind turbine in a wind farm. The selective harmonic elimination (SHE) modulation technology as well as filter design are investigated. The simulation results of the converter system based on software Mathcad, and also the experiment measured waveforms in a wind-farm are presented. The excellent performance of the developed offshore wind MV converter is verified by perfect results of the mutual match between simulation and experiment as well as theoretical expectation.
A 10-bit high speed pipelined ADC

The design of a 10-bit, 200MS/s Pipelined Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) is presented in this paper. The implemented pipelined ADC employs techniques such as pipeline stage scaling algorithm, to lower power, capacitor ratio independent conversion scheme, a nested gain boosting technique and thin oxide transistors with clock bootstrapping. The fully realized is measured under different input frequencies with a sampling rate of 200MS/s and it consumes 46.8mW from a 1.8V power supply. The pipelined ADC implemented in 130nm CMOS technology exhibits signal-to-noise plus distortion ration SNDR of 54.7dB and occupies a die area of 0.31mm2.
DiNAMAC: A disruption tolerant, reinforcement learning-based Mac protocol for implantable body sensor networks

Ongoing advancements in Body Sensor Networks (BSN) have enabled continuous health monitoring of chronically ill patients, with the use of implantable and body worn sensor nodes. Inevitable day-to-day activities such as walking, running, and sleeping cause severe disruptions in the wireless link among these sensor nodes, resulting in temporary shadowing of wireless signals. These disruptions in the wireless link not only reduce the reliability of the network but also increase the power consumption. Both signal disruption and power consumption must be reduced in order to achieve long term monitoring of physiological signals in chronic patients. In this paper we propose a MAC protocol called DiNAMAC (Disruption tolerant reiNforcement leArning-based MAC), which is not only aware of the wireless link quality but also is aware of network resource availability and application requirements. DiNAMAC uses reinforcement learning to adapt the scheduling based on channel conditions and to prioritize data transmission and availability according to the application requirements. In addition, we design DiNAMAC based on a model-free learning technique to make it more practical in real-world applications. Our simulation results show that DiNAMAC performs better than conventional MAC protocols in terms of latency and throughput even with when the wireless link quality is challenged by large temporal variations.
Optimal Attack Energy Allocation against Remote State Estimation

Recently, the security issue of wireless cyber-physical systems (CPS) has attracted much attention from different communities. In this paper, we consider energy-efficient optimal attack power schedule against remote state estimation of wireless CPS under constrained denial-of-service attacks based on channels’ signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). We propose a wireless communication model with SINRs of channels, in which different attack powers can cause different dropout rates. The problem of optimal attack power schedule that causes the largest performance degradation of the remote state estimation, subject to attacker's average energy constraint in multisystems, is solved by formulating it as a Markov decision process. We show that an optimal deterministic and stationary policy exists and the optimal policy has a threshold structure.
An autonomous solar powered wireless monitoring and surveillance system

In recent years, there has been a drastic increase in the number of monitoring and surveillance camera systems installed worldwide. This is due to the ever-increasing crime rates. Remote surveillance system have become popular, and enable people to monitor their properties in real time, via the internet. Video surveillance has experienced a number of technology shifts. The latest is the shift from analog CCTV surveillance to fully digital, network-based video surveillance systems, which are meant to be ON, 24-hours a day. It is also noted that commercial home security systems are still unaffordable to a vast majority of the middle and lower class families. However, the emergence of cheap microcontrollers, like the Arduino, has enabled the implementation of low-cost security systems, incorporating the majority of features present in commercial systems. Also, even though a security camera system takes up only a small portion of the total household energy consumption, a small step to green up the home security system will not only diminish energy spending but also reduce carbon footprint in the long run. In this paper, we present a highly scalable, autonomous, solar powered, wireless monitoring system that also provides live video broadcasting. It is based on a low cost microcontroller, a camera module, and an online internet of things (IoT) platform. A motion detection system was also implemented and the microcontroller sends email notification whenever motion is detected. The whole system is powered by a photovoltaic system. Tests show that the system is fully functional and behaves as expected. The system can be used in residential buildings, commercial buildings, and also in remote, mobile offices, whereby there is no supply of electricity from the utilities.
Intrusion detection systems in Internet of Things: A literature review

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new model that integrates physical objects and Internet and became one of the principal technological evolutions of computing. It is estimated that a trillion of physical objects will be connected to the Internet until 2022. The low accessibility and the lack of interoperability of many of these devices in a vast heterogenous landscape will make it very hard to design specific security measures and apply specific security mechanism. Moreover, IoT networks still exposed and vulnerable to attacks aimed to disrupt the network. Therefore, additional security tools specific to IoT are needed. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could fulfill this purpose. In this paper, we present a literature review on the IDS in IoT topic, mainly focusing on the current state of research by examining the literature, identifying current trends and presenting open issues and future directions.
THE INFLUENCE OF DROUGHT-INDUCED ACIDIFICATION ON THE RECOVERY OF PLANKTON IN SWAN LAKE (CANADA)

In response to North American and Western European reductions in atmospheric emissions of SO2, research efforts are now being focused on the recovery of aquatic ecosystems from acidification. Improvements in water quality have been hampered by drought-induced acidification events, but the biological consequences of such events have not been described. We present evidence of biotic recovery in Swan Lake near Sudbury, Canada, in response to water quality improvement, then demonstrate the damaging impacts of a 1988 re-acidification event. Changes in species composition, richness, diversity, and multivariate indices were assessed from 1977 to 1997 for phytoplankton, from 1977 to 1990 for rotifers, and from 1977 to 1998 for crustacean zooplankton. While there was some evidence of recovery in the plankton during the 1980s, recovery was incomplete at the time of the re-acidification event. We suspect that the severity of past acidification, ongoing water quality problems, and biological resistance to colonizatio.
Application of an Amorphous Core to an Ultra-High-Speed Sleeve-Free Interior Permanent-Magnet Rotor

The low core losses and high yield strength of amorphous materials are attractive properties for ultra-high-speed rotor applications. This paper proposes an innovative interior permanent-magnet synchronous rotor for ultra-high-speed motors, which takes full advantage of those properties and eliminates the need for sleeves. In order to study the feasibility of the proposed rotor, the electromagnetic properties of the amorphous core are first measured and the challenges for producing such rotors are subsequently discussed. Then, by using numerical methods, the electromagnetic, mechanical, and thermal performances of an example motor with an amorphous rotor core are evaluated and compared to those of a motor with a silicon steel rotor core. Through experimental characterization of the material and multiphysics numerical modeling of an example motor, it is shown that the amorphous material has great potential for producing high power density ultra-high-speed motors.
AlGaN-Channel Gate Injection Transistor on Silicon Substrate With Adjustable 4–7-V Threshold Voltage and 1.3-kV Breakdown Voltage

We report on demonstrating the first Al<sub>0.05</sub>Ga<sub>0.95</sub>N-channel enhancement-mode (E-mode) p-GaN gate injection transistors (GITs) with an adjustable threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\textsf {T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 4–7-V by controlling the number of source-connected p-GaN bridges. To the best of our knowledge, it is the highest <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> reported in p-GaN GITs. Comparing with GaN channel, the Al<sub>0.05</sub>Ga<sub>0.95</sub>N channel is used to minimize the polarization difference between channel layer and Al<sub>0.15</sub>Ga<sub>0.85</sub>N barrier layer and also increase the maximum affordable electric field of the channel so as to increase the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and breakdown voltage. Combing with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.3~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-thick buffer layer, E-mode GITs demonstrate an OFF-state breakdown voltage of 662, 770, 1034, and 1315 V at a gate-to-drain spacing of 5, 7, 11, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$19~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively, showing the great promise of the AlGaN channel E-Mode GITs for future power electronics applications.
Portrait of an Ephemeral Adult Stage: Egg Maturation, Oviposition, and Longevity of the Gall Midge Rhopalomyia californica (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Abstract Insect reproduction is typically spread out in time and space, making estimates of lifetime reproductive success quite difficult under natural field conditions. Such estimates are, however, critical to providing rigorous tests of theory for reproductive behavior. One approach to circumventing this problem is to study insects whose lifetime reproduction is compressed in space and time, and whose ovarian dynamics (oogenesis, oosorption, and oviposition) are simplified. We investigated the gall midge Rhopalomyia californica Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) as a possible candidate for an herbivore with such a simplified pattern of lifetime reproduction. We demonstrate here that R. californica matures all of its eggs before adult eclosion (it is strictly proovigenic), and it does not resorb eggs, even when deprived of oviposition sites. Observational and experimental studies in the field demonstrate that this midge typically completes its entire lifetime reproduction in a single day: females usually emerge at dawn, mate, and after a posteclosion period of resting, they initiate a sustained period of active oviposition during which most eggs are laid over a 4–5-h period. Mean longevity of adult females is very short, consistently <1 d and only 5–6 h on clear and warm days. Two key aspects of senescence are experimentally demonstrated: an increase in mortality rates and a decrease in oviposition rates with age. The life history traits associated with the ephemeral adult stage of R. californica are consistent with a syndrome that has been characterized recently for many proovigenic herbivorous and parasitic insects. Proovigenic species, including R. californica, may be particularly valuable as model systems for studies of lifetime reproductive success in nature.
Effects of Harmonics Into Magnet Shape and Current of Dual Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Machine on Output Torque Capability

The harmonics can be utilized in the outer frame of a permanent magnet and phase current waveform in a multiphase machine to improve the output torque capability. The relationship between the output torque and harmonics in both the shape of the permanent magnet and phase current waveform is mathematically established in this paper. Consequently, the optimum harmonics are quantitatively identified and verified by the finite-element (FE) method. It is found that the incremental output torque decreases with the order of the harmonics. However, the output torque does not increase when the harmonic order is higher than seventh. It is also shown that the harmonics in the shape of the permanent magnet and phase current waveform influenced each other. The optimum of the interacted harmonics is dependent on the fundamental and harmonic winding factors. For the dual three-phase surface-mounted permanent magnet (SPM) machines with tile rotors, sinusoidal field rotor, and sinusoidal with third harmonic field rotor, their airgap flux density, back electromotive forces, and torque characteristics are compared. It is demonstrated that the average torque with the optimal harmonics into both the shape of the permanent magnet and phase current waveforms can be enhanced while the torque ripple remains similar to that of the one with the sinusoidal field rotor. Finally, the prototype machine is built and measured to verify the analytical and FE analysis.
Bugs and features, do developers treat them differently?

Software development generally produces programs with two caveats, i.e., some codes buggy and certain features incomplete. This make bugs and features two of the most important factors in software development. The inception of issue tracking systems, provides an efficient way to collect valuable feedback from the user community. People can easily report bugs or features by submitting an issue report. However, disparate projects with different goals and needs may converge to different treatments to these two types of issues. Conversely, different treatments may bring different project outcomes. Many studies have explored bugs and features separately, few research has investigated the resolution differences between them from the developers' perspective. In this paper, we present a preliminary study of the resolution differences between the bugs and features in open-source projects by using quantitative methods. We collected and analyzed data from 272 GitHub projects. By building two regression models, we explored how bugs and features differ in discussion length and resolution latency. Furthermore, we performed a qualitative study to compare the difference of description diversity between bugs and features. Our study results show that there are some differences in developers' handling of bugs and features. Finally, we distill some implications for different stakeholders.
Incorporating CTML principles in tablet-based learning

The Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) offers insights on creating, organizing and presenting multimedia content in a way that can enhance the effectiveness of learners. While several studies have been conducted to verify these principles, not many have been done using content presented on low cost tablets. In this paper, we present our experimental study on the retention and understanding by children when learning content a) adheres to CTML and b) offered on low cost tablets. In our study we used Online Labs theory and videos and incorporated CTML principles into it. According to CTML principle it will maximize learning without causing cognitive overload. The study sample was 58 students from an English medium secondary education school from south India. The experiment involves a control and experiment group where the control group is tested on content which does not adhere to CTML and the experimental group is tested on content designed based on CTML. A pre-test is conducted to assess the level of pre-knowledge in the subject and a post-test is conducted to assess the retention and understanding by students. This suggests that tablet content incorporated with CTML principle can lead to a deeper understanding of the subject.
An improved adaptive inertia and damping control strategy for virtual synchronous generator

With the widespread attention and research of the microgrid, the stability of the microgrid gradually becomes more and more prominent. The virtual synchronous generator control strategy introduces the rotor inertia and damping of the synchronous motor into the control of the inverter to improve the system frequency response characteristic and enhances the anti-interference ability of the micro-grid at the expense of some dynamic regulation performance. On this basis, this paper presents an improved adaptive inertia and damping coefficient control strategy for virtual synchronous generator. Firstly, the mathematical model of virtual synchronous generator is established and the influence of each parameter on the output characteristics of the system is analyzed. Secondly, based on the control of the virtual synchronous generator, a coordinated inertia and damping coefficient control strategy is introduced, and the stability analysis under the condition of corresponding parameters is given. Finally, the Matlab/ Simulink simulation verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy by comparing the result with the traditional virtual synchronous generator control strategy.
Accuracy/computation performance of a new trilateration scheme for GPS-style localization1

We recently introduced a new geometric trilateration (GT) method for GPS-style positioning. Preliminary singlepoint analysis using simplistic error assumptions indicates that the new scheme delivers almost indistinguishable localization accuracy as the traditional Newton-Raphson (NR) approach. Also, the same computation procedure can be used to perform high-accuracy relative positioning between a reference vehicle and an arbitrary number of target vehicles. This scheme has the potential to enable a) new mission concepts in collaborative science, b) in-situ navigation services for human Mars missions, and c) lower cost and faster acquisition of GPS signals for consumer-grade GPS products. The new GT scheme differs from the NR scheme as follows: 1. The new scheme is derived from Pythagoras Theorem, whereas the NR method is based on the principle of linear regression. 2. The NR method uses the absolute locations (xi, yi, zi)'s of the GPS satellites as input to each step of the localization computation. The GT method uses the Directional Cosines Ui's from Earth's center to the GPS satellite Si. 3. Both the NR method and the GT method iterate to converge to a localized solution. In each iteration step, multiple matrix operations are performed. The NR method constructs a different matrix in each iterative step, thus requires performing a new set of matrix operations in each step. The GT scheme uses the same matrix in each iteration, thus requiring computing the matrix operations only once for all subsequent iterations. In this paper, we perform an in-depth comparison between the GT scheme and the NR method in terms of a) GPS localization accuracy in the GPS operation environment, b) its sensitivity with respect to systematic errors and random errors, and c) computation load required to converge to a localization solution.
Using HoloLens to create a virtual operator station for mobile robots

The article describes the latest progress in the development of the virtual operator station for teleoperated mobile robots. The goal of this project has been to create a comfortable way of controlling a mobile robot equipped with stereovision cameras by utilization of a virtual reality head-mounted device (HMD). After the release of the augmented reality headset Microsoft HoloLens, the idea of a virtual operator station was adapted for augmented reality instead of virtual reality, which brought some interesting new advantages to the solution, at the cost of some drawbacks. The article focuses on the technical implementation of the virtual operator station for HoloLens and provides a comparison of different principles of operator stations.