Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Torque profiles of a switched reluctance motor having special pole face shapes and asymmetric stator poles

In this paper, the results of a finite-element (FE) analysis carried out on an 8/6 switched reluctance motor (SRM) having special pole face shapes, such as: 1) noncircular stator pole face with varying airgap under a pole; 2) flat topped rotor pole faces; and 3) noncircular airgap caused by elevated rotor poles, are presented. Apart from this, the case of an asymmetrical centering of a stator pole is also analyzed. The analysis has revealed that the motor with noncircular stator pole face gives higher average torque. Thus, for motors intended for operation in one direction only, such noncircular airgap is preferred. In case of flat topped rotor poles, the average torque reduces drastically. The rotor poles projected slightly outward on one side with corresponding decrease in pole heights in the stator pole will create airgap with varying mean diameters under a pole pair. This configuration of the motor poles results in more average torque with high torque ripple. The case of the motor with one of the stator pole shifted by an angle from the center keeping the stator bore diameter constant is also analyzed. It is observed that the average as well as the maximum torque produced by the motor decreases with the increase in shift in either direction.
The design, fabrication and characterization of a piezoresistive tactile sensor for fingerprint sensing

Presently reported are the design, fabrication and characterization of a diaphragm-based piezoresistive tactile sensor for fingerprint sensing. A dimpled diaphragm was constructed using low-pressure chemical-vapor deposited (LPCVD) low-stress silicon nitride. A sacrificial double-layer, consisting of amorphous silicon and silicon oxide, was used to form a shallow cavity underneath the diaphragm. The depth of the cavity was designed to provide sufficient damping to eliminate oscillation of the diaphragm and made shallow to prevent damage to the diaphragm when excessively loaded. Metal-induced laterally-crystallized polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si), having a gauge factor larger than that of conventional LPCVD poly-Si, was used to construct the piezo-resistors. A static response of ∼0. 1µV/V/Pa was measured for a 100x100µm2 square diaphragm, sufficient to produce an output signal in the milli-volt range under a typical finger-induced pressure loading of 0.2 to 2.5 MPa.
An FPTAS for the fractional group Steiner tree problem

This paper considers a linear relaxation of the cut-based integer programming formulation for the group Steiner tree problem (FGST). We combine the approach of Koufogiannakis and Young (2013) with the nearly-linear time approximation scheme for the minimum cut problem of Christiano et. al (2011) in order to develop a fully polynomial time approximation scheme for FGST problem. Our algorithm returns the solution to FGST where the objective function value is a maximum of $1+6\varepsilon$ times the optimal, for $\varepsilon\in\langle0,1/6]$, in $\tilde{O(mk(m+n^{4/3}\varepsilon^{-16/3})/\varepsilon^2)$ time, where $n$, $m$ and $k$ are numbers of vertices, edges and groups in the group Steiner tree instance, respectively. This algorithm has a better worst-case running time than algorithm by Garg and Khandekar (2002) where the number of groups is sufficiently large.
Sustainability data integration; A prototypical implementation of a light-weight information system component

The environment matters. At least this is the minimum denominator the members of the World Climate Conference have been finally agreeing upon. Unfortunately a successor of the Kyoto Protocol has not yet been ratified. Induced by recent natural catastrophes an increasing public awareness of sustainability concerns became more visible. In order to fulfil the growing customers demand for greener products companies have to act and adopt new technology to fill this information gap. The information technology adoption rate has been visibly increasing during the last decade. The product and service lifecycle however is still narrowly focused on classical product or service attributes such as price, quality and availability. Hardly any of the current information systems for the midsize segment integrates environmental data. Within the frame of this paper a “business trip use case” is taken as an example to show how sustainability data can be integrated into the classical procurement process by using a light-weight and Open Source based Portlet platform technology. The example has been conducted as part of the research within the frame of the EU-project “Solution and Services Engineering for Measuring, Monitoring, and Management of Organizations’ Environmental Performance Indicators” (OEPI).
One dimensional local binary patterns of electroencephalogram signals for detecting Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neurodegenerative, caused by the progressive death of brain cells over time. One non-invasive approach to investigate AD is to use electroen-cephalogram (EEG) signals. The data are usually non-stationary with a strong background activity and noise which makes the analysis difficult leading to low performance in many real world applications including the detection of AD. In this study, we present a method based on local texture changes of EEG signals to differentiate AD patients from the healthy ones, using one-dimensional local binary patterns (1D-LBPs) coupled with support vector machines (SVM). Our proposed method maps the EEG data into a less detailed representation which is less sensitive to noise. A 10 fold cross validation performed at both the epoch and subject level show the discriminancy power of 1D-LBP feature vectors with application to AD data.
ABase—A tool for the rapid assessment of anthropometric measurements on handheld computers

Anthropometry is widely recognized as an important method in the evaluation of dysmorphic children. Nevertheless, it has never gained widespread clinical use. We believe that this has mainly practical reasons: appropriate growth charts are not readily available at the bedside or in clinic and taking multiple measurements and plotting them into corresponding growth charts is a time‐consuming task. Here we describe a computer program that overcomes both problems: ABase compares entered anthropometric measurements to a database of age‐ and sex‐matched reference values, calculates the centile rank and displays the result either as text or as a digitized growth chart. The program runs on small handheld computers that can easily be carried around in a shirt pocket. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An avirulent ICP34.5 deletion mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 is capable of in vivo spontaneous reactivation

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP34.5 gene is a neurovirulence gene in mice. In addition, some ICP34.5 mutants have been reported to have a reduced efficiency of induced reactivation as measured by in vitro explantation of latently infected mouse ganglia. However, since spontaneous reactivation is almost nonexistent in mice, nothing has been reported on the effect of ICP34.5 mutants on spontaneous reactivation in vivo. To examine this, we have deleted both copies of the ICP34.5 neurovirulence gene from a strain of HSV-1 (McKrae) that has a high spontaneous reactivation rate in rabbits and used this mutant to infect rabbit eyes. All rabbits infected with the ICP34.5 mutant virus (d34.5) survived, even at challenge doses greater than 4 x 10(7) PFU per eye. In contrast, a 200-fold-lower challenge dose of 2 x 10(5) PFU per eye was lethal for approximately 50% of rabbits infected with either the wild-type McKrae parental virus or a rescued ICP34.5 mutant in which both copies of the ICP34.5 gene were restored. In mice, the 50% lethal dose of the ICP34.5 mutant was over 10(6) PFU, compared with a value of less than 10 PFU for the rescued virus. The ICP34.5 mutant was restricted for replication in rabbit and mouse eyes and mouse trigeminal ganglia in vivo. The spontaneous reactivation rate in rabbits for the mutant was 1.4% as determined by culturing tear films for the presence of reactivated virus. This was more than 10-fold lower than the spontaneous reactivation rate determined for the rescued virus (19.6%) and was highly significant (P < 0.0001, Fisher exact test). Southern analysis confirmed that the reactivated virus retained both copies of the ICP34.5 deletion. Thus, this report demonstrates that (i) the ICP34.5 gene, known to be a neurovirulence gene in mice, is also important for virulence in rabbits and (ii) in vivo spontaneous reactivation of HSV-1 in the rabbit ocular model, although reduced, can occur in the absence of the ICP34.5 gene.
Protein content of cattle oocytes and embryos from the two-cell to the elongated blastocyst stage at day 16.

The protein content of cattle oocytes and preimplantation embryos produced in vivo, from the two-cell to the elongated blastocyst at day 16, was determined. From the oocyte to the expanded blastocyst stage (day 8), protein determination was carried out on zona pellucida-enclosed embryos. Protein content was measured by the Pierce Micro BCA protein assay. The mean protein content of oocytes was 0.126 micrograms, with no significant increase at the two-cell stage (0.132 micrograms). Protein content was higher at the morula stage (0.183 micrograms; P < 0.05) with a further increase at the expanded blastocyst stage (0.367 micrograms; P < 0.05). There was a 160-fold increase in protein content from the expanded blastocyst to the hatched day 13 stage. Spherical, ovoid and elongated blastocysts were collected on days 13 and 14. The mean protein content of day 13 (59.8 micrograms) and day 14 (92.4 micrograms) embryos was similar (P > 0.1), but the protein content of the elongated embryos was higher than that of ovoid or spherical embryos collected on the same day. Protein content of day 15 embryos (362.2 micrograms) was higher than that on day 14, with a further increase to 946.6 micrograms by day 16. The correlation between protein content and day of development contained both a linear and a quadratic component. Embryo length and width increased from day 13 (5.24 mm and 0.89 mm, respectively) to day 16 (51.6 mm and 1.82 mm, respectively). From day 13 to day 16, the protein content was correlated with both embryo length and width (r2 = 0.89 and 0.51, respectively; P < 0.001) and was highly correlated (r2 = 0.95) with the product of embryo length by width, indicating that protein content increases as a function of surface area.
Usable Security: History, Themes, and Challenges

There has been roughly 15 years of research into approaches for aligning research in Human Computer Interaction with computer Security, more colloquially known as ``usable security. '' Although usability and security were once thought to be inherently antagonistic, today there is wide consensus that systems that are not usable will inevitably suffer security failures when they are deployed into the real world. Only by simultaneously addressing both usability and security concerns will we be able to build systems that are truly secure. This book presents the historical context of the work to date on usable security and privacy, creates a taxonomy for organizing that work, outlines current research objectives, presents lessons learned, and makes suggestions for future research. Table of Contents: Acknowledgments / Figure Credits / Introduction / A Brief History of Usable Privacy and Security Research / Major Themes in UPS Academic Research / Lessons Learned / Research Challenges / Conclusion: The Next Ten Years / Bibliography / Authors' Biographies
Release of phosphorus from sewage sludge using microwave technology

A novel microwave treatment of sewage sludge was developed as part of the ongoing studies for enhancing the recovery of phosphorus from municipal wastes. The microwave treatment provided a rapid and efficient process to release phosphate from sewage sludge. By using the microwave treatment for only 5 min, up to 76% of the total phosphate in the sludge could be released into the solution. No chemical additions were necessary in the microwave process. After the sewage sludge was microwave treated at a temperature of 100 °C, no microbial activities were observed over a period of 24 h. This microwave process could also be used for the conditioning and stabilization of liquid sludge. Key words: microwave technology, phosphate release, conditioning and stabilization of sludge.
Mutual Injection Locking of Monolithically Integrated Coupled-Cavity DBR Lasers

We present a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) composed of two strongly coupled distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers. This PIC utilizes the dynamics of mutual injection locking to increase the relaxation resonance frequency from 3 GHz to beyond 30 GHz. Mutual injection-locking and external injection-locking operation are compared.
EVALUATION OF NON-TOXIC BAIT INTERFERENCE FOR INDEXING BRUSHTAIL POSSUM DENSITY

Percentage non-toxic bait interference is currently used by local authorities to monitor brushtail possum control operations but the validity of the method has not been established. Two models have been proposed to estimate an index of possum density (possums per bait) from a log-transformation of percentage bait interference. In two trials, percentage bait interference and the density index derived from percentage bait interference using the Bamford (1970) model usually increased from night to night. Variation in the number of possums per bait was reduced by dividing the Bamford index by the number of nights baits were put out, as proposed by Jane (1981). The spatial distribution of bait interference along lines of bait stations was random for the first night and usually for at least 5 nights. Rhodomine dye and cyanide poison, alternated at bait stations after at least 5 nights non-toxic baiting, showed that about 83% of possums in one trial and 29% of possums in the other trial interfered with more than one bait on the same night. Increasing the spacing between bait stations reduced the proportion of possums interfering with more than one bait. The number of possums per line killed by cyanide baits after at least 5 nights of non-toxic baiting was strongly correlated with percentage bait interference, with and without logarithmic transformation, on the first night. The possums’ apparent ability to remember the location of bait stations from one night to the next means that, in the absence of better advice, the original Bamford (1970) model should be modified as proposed by Jane (1981) to estimate possum density and change in possum density (e.g., from preto post-poison). __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Root cause analysis at Savannah River plant (nuclear power station)

A method has been developed at Savannah River plant (USA) to systematically evaluate events, identify their root causes, record the root causes, and analyze the root trends. By providing a systematic method to identify correctable root causes, the system helps the event investigator ask the right questions during the investigation. It also provides an independent safety analysis group and management with statistics indicating existing and developing trouble spots. An example demonstrating the usefulness of the root analysis tree is presented. <<ETX>>
The Globular Cluster System of the Galaxy NGC 6876

We present preliminary results of the deep photometric study of the elliptical galaxy NGC 6876, located at the center of the Pavo group, and its globular cluster system. We use images obtained with the GMOS camera mounted on the Gemini South telescope, in the g ′ and i ′ bands, with the purpose of disentangling the evolutionary history of the galaxy on the basis of its characteristics.
Cantilever NEMS relay-based SRAM devices for enhanced reliability

We analyze the benefits of replacing selected MOSFET transistors by nanoelectromechanical relays within conventional CMOS six transistor SRAM cells. Specifically, we evaluate a potential implementation that uses a cantilever designed with a 65 nm standard CMOS technology. The impact on various reliability metrics like static noise margin and write noise margin are evaluated from circuit simulations using a nanomechanical relay Verilog-A compact model. Comparisons are performed between a 65 nm CMOS 6T conventional SRAM cell and various hybrid memory cells constructed by replacing selected MOSFET transistors with cantilever relays. The impact on other important memory cell parameters such as area, timing performance and power consumption is also discussed.
Improvements to the Strong Cyclic Planning Algorithm

This paper points out some drawbacks and gives some modifications to the strong cyclic planning algorithm. In particular, a set of states is found by use of adjacency matrix that corresponds to a non-deterministic state-transition system. The set of states is composed of two parts, the first part is the states that are unreachable from the initial states, so the station-action pairs which relate to these states are absolutely useless; the second part is the states which the initial states can not reach without passing any goal state before, the state-action pairs which relate to the second part are useless as well, because they moves the execution away from the goal. So a great many of state-action pairs can be eliminated directly from the universal policy. In addition, there are many repeated computations in function RemoveNonProgress, function WeakPrelmage adds some state-action pairs into Prelmage, however, many of these state-action pairs are eliminated by function PruneStates later. In the modified algorithm, we design a new function to avoid these repeated computations. Finally, the efficiency of the modified algorithm is illustrated by an example and some experiments.
CPS structure potentialities for MMICs: a CPS/CPW transition and a bias network

Present paper deals with new applications of coplanar waveguides (CPW) and coplanar strips (CPS) based designs. As examples, a new reversible 50/spl Omega/ CPS/CPW transition and a bias network are reported. The designed circuits show significant improvements over size reduction and measured electrical broadband performances (losses less than 1 dB and reflection better than -10 dB are observed for the transition).
Gastric dysplasia may be an independent risk factor of an advanced colorectal neoplasm.

AIM To evaluate the relationship between gastric dysplasia and Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) and the occurrence of colorectal adenoma, and to define the necessity for colonoscopy in patients with gastric dysplasia or H pylori infection. METHODS From May 2005 to February 2008, 133 patients with established gastric dysplasia by gastroduodenoscopy (EGD) were additionally investigated by colonoscopy. The authors compared results with those of 213 subjects who underwent both EGD and colonoscopy during the same period at the author's Health Promotion Center as a control group. H pylori infection was evaluated in both the gastric dysplasia and control groups. RESULTS The mean age of all 346 study subjects was 54.1 +/- 10.5 years, and there were 258 (73%) men and 87 (27%) women. No significant difference was found between the H pylori positive and negative subjects in terms of the prevalence of colorectal adenoma and advanced colorectal adenoma (P = 0.261). Patients with gastric dysplasia showed no elevated risk of colorectal adenoma (OR = 0.910, 95% CI: 0.587-1.411, P = 0.738), but had a significantly higher risk of having advanced colorectal adenoma (OR = 3.382, 95% CI: 1.700-6.342, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION The study emphasizes the need for colon surveillance in patients with gastric dysplasia, regardless of H pylori infection.
INDUCTION OF TOLERANCE-INDUCING ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS IN BONE MARROW CULTURES IN VITRO USING MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO CD200R

CD200 to CD200R interactions produce immunoregulation. We investigated whether the expression of CD200R on dendritic cell (DC) precursors affects their developmental fate. C57BL/6 bone marrow (BM) cells were cultured in vitro in the presence of (interleukin-4 + granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity) to generate allostimulatory DCs, which were in turn used to induce cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and cytokine production after culture with C3H responder spleen cells. Some marrow cultures included anti-CD200R antibodies. The inclusion of monoclonal antibodies in different isoforms of CD200R in the BM culture led to a generation of cells (tolerogenic DCs) that were unable to produce allostimulation in vitro with responder cells. Cells taken from these latter mixed leukocyte cultures (MLCs) now contained CD4+CD25+ cells able to inhibit the antigen-specific MLC response of fresh C3H responder cells to stimulation with C57BL/6 cells, but not stimulation with BALB/c cells. Tolerogenic DCs, infused in vivo into mice receiving C57BL/6 skin grafts, produced antigen-specific decreased rejection of BL/6 allografts, not BALB/c allografts, compared with mice receiving control DCs (generated from BM in the absence of anti-CD200R). The induction of CD4+CD25+ suppressor cells in MLCs using tolerogenic DCs from the initial BM cultures could be overcome by using limiting numbers of tolerogenic DCs and an excess of allostimulatory DCs derived from BM cultures maintained in the absence of anti-CD200R. These data indicate that anti-CD200R biases stem cells in BM toward the development of suppressive antigen-presenting cells, which can induce CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Tolerogenic DCs have the potential to modify graft acceptance in vivo.
Suicide in recently released prisoners: a case-control study

Background Recently released prisoners are at markedly higher risk of suicide than the general population. The aim of this study was to identify key risk factors for suicide by offenders released from prisons in England and Wales. Method All suicides committed by offenders within 12 months of their release from prison in England and Wales, between 2000 and 2002, were identified. One control matched on gender and date of release from prison was recruited for each case. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression modelling identified key independent risk factors for suicide. Results Of 256 920 released prisoners, 384 suicides occurred within a year of release. Factors significantly associated with post-release suicide were increasing age over 25 years, released from a local prison, a history of alcohol misuse or self-harm, a psychiatric diagnosis, and requiring Community Mental Health Services (CMHS) follow-up after release from prison. Non-white ethnicity and a history of previous imprisonment were protective factors. Conclusions There is a need to improve the continuity of care for people who are released from prison and for community health, offender and social care agencies to coordinate care for these vulnerable individuals.
ATPase Activity and Oligomeric State of TrwK, the VirB4 Homologue of the Plasmid R388 Type IV Secretion System

ABSTRACT Type IV secretion systems (T4SS) mediate the transfer of DNA and protein substrates to target cells. TrwK, encoded by the conjugative plasmid R388, is a member of the VirB4 family, comprising the largest and most conserved proteins of T4SS. VirB4 was suggested to be an ATPase involved in energizing pilus assembly and substrate transport. However, conflicting experimental evidence concerning VirB4 ATP hydrolase activity was reported. Here, we demonstrate that TrwK is able to hydrolyze ATP in vitro in the absence of its potential macromolecular substrates and other T4SS components. The kinetic parameters of its ATPase activity have been characterized. The TrwK oligomerization state was investigated by analytical ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy, and its effects on ATPase activity were analyzed. The results suggest that the hexameric form of TrwK is the catalytically active state, much like the structurally related protein TrwB, the conjugative coupling protein.