Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turbulence and structure formation in the interstellar medium

The interstellar medium (ISM) structure and dynamics are the result of the interplay between many physical processes such as turbulence, gravity, thermal processes, magnetic fields and cosmic rays which determine the modes of molecular cloud and star formation, and which in turn, define the global galactic properties. In this thesis, we have examined in detail the role played by thermal and gravitational instabilities in the ISM. We have shown that thermal instability (TI) is an effective agent of structure formation in the ISM which can compress diffuse interstellar gas by a factor of ~ 100, leading to the formation of dense molecular structures, which can, if dense enough, become gravitationally bound. However, TI, which operates on small scales (< 60 pc), is unable to drive a self-sustained turbulence in the ISM. The bulk of turbulent motions is most likely injected into the ISM on larger scales by, e.g., supernova explosions or galactic shear. Confirming this idea, we find that turbulence is injected into the ISM of a dwarf irregular galaxy, i.e., Holmberg II, on a scale of ~ 6 kpc. We also show that the interaction of turbulence and TI can explain the observed large scale morphology of the HI gas in Holmberg II. Additionally, we investigate the dynamics of the ISM when the turbulence is driven by supernova explosions occurring at different rates in the medium. It was possible to show that the constancy of the velocity dispersion in the outer parts of galaxies can be explained as the result of the interplay between supernova driving and TI. We also showed that if the gas density and the supernova rates follow a Kennicutt-type law, the resulting velocity dispersion is of the order of ~ 5-6 km s^{-1} at the outer galactic radii, in perfect agreement with the observations.
Application of Heuristic Algorithm to Computer Based Interlocking Route Search

In the Computer Based Interlocking (CBI) System of railway stations, the route search sub-module is one of the most important components, since its operating efficiency, reliability and safety can directly ensure the safety of train routes and shunting routes. This paper took an actual layout of railway station signal into consideration. By means of modeling the layout into a topological structure, we abstracted it as a directed graph. Then under the direction of path search in graph theory, we applied A* heuristic search algorithm to carry out the route search and it worked efficiently. Keywords-computer based interlocking; route search; heuristic search algorithm
Computational Complexity Reduction in a Cognitive Radio Receiver for Green Communications

The work presented in this paper concerns the cognitive and green communications. It consists of developing a decision making method, based on statistical modeling, that makes the receiver radio able to dynamically adapt to the change of its environment. Also, we try to use this adaptability to obtain green communication by treating scenarios of reconfiguration that contribute to the reduction of energy consumption. For this goal, we treat the scenario of adapting the use of the equalizer to the state of the environment. It is to decide dynamically to turn off or to keep this component in the receiver chain. This action of turning off the equalizer should reduce the computational complexity of the receiver.
(2018). Treatment adherence and BMI reduction are key predictors of HbA1c one year after diagnosis of childhood Type 2 Diabetes in UK. Pediatric Diabetes

Background/Objective: Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) is increasing in childhood especially among females and South-Asians. Our objective was to report outcomes from a national cohort of children and adolescents with T2DM 1 year following diagnosis. Methods: Clinician reported, 1-year follow-up of a cohort of children (<17 years) diagnosed with T2DM reported through the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit (BPSU) (April 2015-April 2016). Results: One hundred (94%) of 106 baseline cases were available for review. Of these, five were lost to follow up and one had a revised diagnosis. Mean age at follow up was 15.3 years. Median BMI standard deviation scores (SDS) was 2.81 with a decrease of 0.13 SDS over a year. HbA1c <48 mmol/mol (UK target) was achieved in 38.8%. logHbA1c was predicted by clinician reported compliance and attendance concerns ( β = 0.12, P = <0.0001) and change in body mass index (BMI) SDS at 1-year ( β = 0.13, P =0.007). In over 50%, clinicians reported issues with compliance and attendance. Mean clinic attendance was 75%. Metformin was the most frequently used treatment at baseline (77%) and follow-up (87%). Microalbuminuria prevalence at 1-year was 16.4% compared to 4.2% at baseline and was associated with a higher HbA1c compared to those without microalbuminuria (60 vs 49 mmol/mol, P = 0.03). Conclusions: Adherence to treatment and a reduction in BMI appear key to better outcomes a year after T2DM diagnosis. Retention and clinic attendance are concerning. The prevalence of microalbuminuria has increased 4-fold in the year following diagnosis and was associated with higher HbA1c.
Dietary Patterns and Associated Factors among Adolescents in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal

Introduction: Adolescence is a transitional phase of rapid physical growth, psychological development, and social changes. Sustainable healthy diet and healthy eating practices can address nutritional deficiencies and the risk of non-communicable diseases. This study assessed dietary patterns and their associated factors among school-going adolescents in Pokhara, Nepal. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to April 2020 with a sample of 445 adolescents in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal. We applied systematic sampling and lottery methods to select wards of the Metropolitan and schools respectively. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information and performed principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the dietary patterns. We further used chi-square and logistic regression to assess the associated factors of dietary patterns. Results: We identified three factors: healthy, junk, and traditional dietary patterns which explained 28.23% of the total variability of data. Healthy dietary pattern (50.33%) was associated with BMI (AOR=2.302, 95% CI=1.303-4.066), physically active days (AOR=2.302, 95% CI=1.303-4.066,) and fruit/vegetable plants at home (AOR=1.760, 95%CI=1.408-2.955). Junk food pattern (40.22%) was associated with gender (AOR=2.272, 95% CI=1.455-3.549), ever drink (AOR=2.626, 95%CI=1.216-5.672), screen-time (AOR=1.701, 95% CI=1.112-2.602), walking-time (AOR=1.636, 95%CI=1.035-2.588) and daily pocket-money (p=0.002). Gender (AOR=1.699, 95%CI=1.141-2.529) and midday meal-type (AOR=1.727, 95%CI=1.070-2.789) were associated with the traditional food pattern (57.33%). Conclusions: Adolescents followed the healthy, junk and traditional dietary pattern. The dietary patterns we found to be associated with socio-economic, behavioural and environmental factors. School-based knowledge and practice level interventions would be the way out of the problems.
Centaurin- (cid:1) 1 , an ADP-Ribosylation Factor 6 GTPase Activating Protein, Inhibits (cid:2) 2 -Adrenoceptor Internalization

The small GTP-binding protein ADP ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) has recently been implicated in the internalization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), although its precise molecular mechanism in this process remains unclear. We have recently identified centaurin (cid:1) 1 as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for ARF6. In the current study, we characterized the effects of centaurin (cid:1) 1 on the agonist-induced internalization of the (cid:2) 2 - adrenoceptor transiently expressed in human embryonic kid-ney (HEK) 293 cells. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well as confocal imaging of cells, we found that expression of centaurin (cid:1) 1 strongly inhibited the isoproterenol- induced internalization of (cid:2) 2 -adrenoceptor. On the other hand, expression of functionally inactive versions of centaurin (cid:1) 1 , including an R49C mutant, which has no catalytic activity, and a double pleckstrin homology (PH) mutant (DM; R148C/ R273C), which has mutations in both the PH domains of cen- taurin (cid:1) 1 , rendering it unable to translocate to the cell mem- brane, were unable to inhibit (cid:2) 2 -adrenoceptor internalization. In addition, a constitutively active version of ARF6, ARF6Q67L, reversed the ability of centaurin (cid:1) 1 to inhibit (cid:2) 2 -adrenoceptor internalization. Finally, expression of centaurin
PRBM_A_240917 355..361

Carlos Salavera 1,2 Pablo Usán Pilar Teruel 1Research Group OPIICS, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; 2Faculty of Education, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Background: Affects, both positive and negative, can act as mediators between self-esteem and happiness. The present study is undertaken among 812 university students in order to examine the relationship between these variables. Methods: The sample included 812 university students – 361 men (44.46%) and 451 women (55.54%) – who participated voluntarily. The Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale and Self-Esteem Scale were the instruments used in this study. Results: The results revealed that men have greater self-esteem and positive affects, while women scored higher in terms of subjective happiness. The analysis revealed a significant correlation between the variables under analysis. Positive affects show a strong positive correlation between self-esteem and happiness, while negative affects show a negative correlation. Mediation analysis suggests that affects, both positive and negative, mediate the relationship between self-esteem and subjective happiness. The results of this study may present us with new perspectives concerning the role that affects play between self-esteem and happiness. Conclusion: The data present evidence of the mediating role-played by affects, both positive and negative, in the relationship between self-esteem and happiness. More research is needed to examine to what extent these results can be extrapolated, and how to design measures to improve psychological health and well-being.
The Proceedings of the International Plant Nutrition Colloquium of transgenic plants expressing OsNAS2 or OsNAAT1 gene fused to sGFP under control of their own promoter

: Graminaceous plants including rice ( Oryza sativa L.) produce and secrete mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs) to solubilize iron [Fe(III)] in the soil. Vesicles derived from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) observed in Fe-deficient barley roots were suggested to be involved in MA biosynthesis. However, the relationship between these vesicles and MA biosynthesis has not been well characterized. Rice produces and secretes deoxymugineic acid (DMA), a representative member of the MAs. DMA is synthesized from S-adenosylmethionine through three sequential enzymatic reactions catalyzed by nicotianamine synthase (NAS), nicotianamine aminotransferase (NAAT), and deoxymugineic synthase (DMAS). The genes that participate in this pathway have been identified. To investigate the site of DMA biosynthesis in rice, we generated transgenic rice plants expressing OsNAS2 and OsNAAT1 fused to the synthetic green fluorescent protein ( sGFP ) under the control of their own promoters. We observed sGFP fluorescence in both roots and shoots of OsNAS2-sGFP -transformed rice, but not in those of OsNAAT1-sGFP transformed rice. In roots, OsNAS2:sGFP was observed in the cortex, epidermis, and root hairs. sGFP fluorescence was also observed in the phloem parenchyma cells of the leaf blade and large vascular bundle. Interestingly, in these cells, OsNAS2:sGFP fluorescence was observed in a dot-like pattern. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of root pericycle cells indicated that the structure with OsNAS2:sGFP dot-like labeling moved dynamically within the cell. Our results indicated that OsNAS2 is localized in these rER-derived vesicles, which have been suggested to be involved in DMA production in rice roots.
Innovative methods of atomic force microscopy in oncology diagnostics

The purpose of this work is to study the morphological forms of erythrocytes, and also pathomorphological changes in prostate gland and kidneys with the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) during oncological processes. Methods : Morphological properties of erythrocytes were studied by the means of hemoscanning and erythrocyte measuring. AFM was produced by us in the probe laboratory Ntegra-Aura (Russia). The studies were carried out in contact modes of intermittent or constant profile using commercial Si or SiN cantilevers (NSG01, NT-MDT, Russian Federation) under the conditions of low atmospheric vacuum. The processing and the implementation of AFM images were formulated using the software "NOVA" (NT-MDT, Russian Federation) and "Im-ageAnalysis" (NT-MDT, Russian Federation). Results : The decrease of discocytes was observed, and the number of transitional, pre-hemolytic and degenerative forms of erythrocytes increased. During the study of the external level of erythrocytes using AFM, it was established that the depth of the discocyte cavity counted by the study of a cell profile changed significantly. On the average, it made 0.48 ± 0.15 µm, which was significantly different from the control group. During the study of prostate cancer, it was found that with the progression of the disease, the contacts between cells of 0.5 µm, which can reach up to 3-4 µm, exceeding the cell sizes are more common. Be-sides, the number of tumor cell clones on the vessel endothelium increased. Conclusions: the result of the study showed that in the course of oncological processes the change of erythrocyte cytoarchitectonics was observed. The modified cells are partially functionally inferior and can not fully fulfill their most important oxygen transport function. Pathomorphological changes in a prostate gland revealed the deformed glands with branched structures, from which the papillae formed by atypical polymorphic cells with weak connections between them.
Structural basis for antibacterial peptide self-immunity by bacterial ABC transporters

Affiliations: 1 Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom 2 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom 3 Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany 4 Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W. , Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada 5 Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom 6 Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Microorganisms Laboratory, (MCAM, UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN), Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CP 54, 57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France 7 Chemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden
Sequestosome-1/p62 is Associated with Autophagic Removal of Excess Hepatic Endoplasmic Reticulum in Mice

Xenobiotics exposure increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proliferation and cytochrome P450 (CYP) inductions to sustain metabolic requirements. Whether autophagy is essential for the removal of excess ER and CYP, and whether an autophagy receptor is involved in this process in mammals remain elusive. In the present study, we show that autophagy is induced in the mouse livers after withdrawal of the hepatic mitogen TCPOBOP (1, 4-bis [2-(3, 5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene). Whereas isolated autophagosomes, autolysosomes, and lysosomes from the mouse livers after withdrawal of TCPOBOP
SSR marker analysis of Monilinia fructicola from Swiss apricots suggests introduction of the pathogen from neighbouring countries and the United States

Monilinia fructicola is a quarantine fungal pathogen in Europe, but many major stone fruit growing countries in Europe have reported its presence recently. In Switzerland, the fungus was ﬁrst found in a single apricot orchard in 2008. This study conﬁrms the presence of M. fructicola in nine out of 22 commercial orchards in Canton Valais, Switzerland. Five simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs) were developed for M. fructicola and samples from Switzerland, Spain, Italy, France and the United States were analysed and compared in order to assess the genetic diversity of the pathogen, identify the origin of the disease, and verify if the fungus reproduces sexually in Europe. In the 119 European samples analysed, 12 different haplotypes were found, indicating a relatively high genetic diversity of the pathogen considering that the ﬁrst report in Europe was 10 years ago. Three haplotypes found in Europe were identical to those found in the American samples (two from the east coast and one from the west coast). Population structure analysis suggests that the European population is derived from at least two ‘invasion’ events probably originating from the US (one from the east coast, the other from the west coast). Preliminary evidence of sexual reproduction of M. fructicola in Europe is reported.
Models of Competition for Intelligent Transportation Infrastructure: Parking, Ridesharing, and External Factors in Routing Decisions

Author(s): Calderone, Daniel Joseph | Advisor(s): Sastry, Shankar | Abstract: Competition underlies much of the complexity of modern transportation systems and accurately modeling the incentives transportation users face is critical in designing the smart cities of tomorrow. In this work, we extend traditional non-atomic routing games to model several different scenarios relevant to modern cities. In Chapter 2, we review results on continuous population potential games and routing games and discuss linear programming interpretations of individual drivers’ decisions and their relationship to the Wardrop equilibria. We include discussion of the variable demand case and upper bounds on the price of anarchy. In Chapter 3, we combine an observable queueing game with a routing game to develop a queue-routing game useful for modeling traffic circling looking for parking in urban centers. We use this framework to model several parking situations in downtown Seattle. In Chapter 4, we discuss connections between linear programming formulations of shortest path problems and linear programming formulations of Markov decision processes (MDPs). We use these connections to motivate a stochastic population game we call a Markov decision process routing game where each infinitesimal agent solves an MDP as opposed to a shortest path problem. We develop this game in the infinite-horizon, average-cost case and in the finite-horizon, total-cost case. We comment on connections with traditional routing games as well as other stochastic population game formulations such as mean field games. Paralleling results for traditional routing games, we derive upper bounds on the price of anarchy and comment on the existence of Braess paradox. We apply this framework to model ridesharing drivers competing for fares and to develop a model of circling traffic competing for street parking. Finally, in Chapter 5, we consider a bi-criterion routing game where drivers consider travel time along with some external factor. Preference for this external factor is represented by general distribution over a type parameter that can be supported both above and below zero. We develop the appropriate equilibrium concept and show how this framework can be used to model the transportation data market, drivers’ interest in their location privacy, and commuters comparing two different commuting options. In Chapter 6, we conclude and make final comments on modeling considerations and future research directions.
Analysis of non-equidistant baffle spacing in a small shell and tube heat exchanger

Most of the formulations regarding the characteristics of a shell and tube heat exchanger have a common assumption; namely that the baﬄe plates are equidistant. This assumption fails to cater the real world scenario for defective baﬄes as the alteration in a shell and tube heat exchanger invalidates the equidistant baﬄe spacing of the plates. In this regard, a small six baﬄes heat exchanger was modeled in the computational ﬂuid dynamics software package and studied by removing each baﬄe plate one at a time. Eﬀect of removing each baﬄe plate on the temperature, pressure, heat transfer coeﬃcient, and total heat transfer rate was recorded. It was observed that variation in the pressure drop for the same number of baﬄe plates varies along the axial order of the plates. The change in pressure drop due to the removal of the baﬄe plate near the inlet and the outlet was lowest and reaches a maximum in the axial center. It was also found that the plates below the radial center contribute higher towards the overall heat transfer as compared to those above.
LMI stability conditions for uncertain rational nonlinear systems

This paper presents LMI conditions for local, regional, and global robust asymptotic stability of rational uncertain nonlinear systems. The uncertainties are modeled as real time varying parameters with magnitude and rate of variation bounded by given polytopes and the system vector field is a rational function of the states and uncertain parameters. Sufficient LMI conditions for asymptotic stability of the origin are given through a rational Lyapunov function of the states and uncertain parameters. The case where the time derivative of the Lyapunov function is negative semidefinite is also considered and connections with the well known LaSalle's invariance conditions are established. In regional stability problems, an algorithm to maximize the estimate of the region of attraction is proposed. The algorithm consists of maximizing the estimate for a given target region of initial states. The size and shape of the target region are recursively modified in the directions where the estimate can be enlarged. The target region can be taken as a polytope (convex set) or union of polytopes (non‐convex set). The estimates of the region of attraction are robust with respect to the uncertain parameters and their rate of change. The case of global and orthant stability problems are also considered. Connections with some results found in sum of squares based methods and other related methods found in the literature are established. The LMIs in this paper are obtained by using the Finsler's Lemma and the notion of annihilators. The LMIs are characterized by affine functions of the state and uncertain parameters, and they are tested at the vertices of a polytopic region. It is also shown that, with some additional conservatism, the use of the vertices can be avoided by modifying the LMIs with the S‐Procedure. Several numerical examples found in the literature are used to compare the results and illustrate the advantages of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histomorphogical and Histochemical Studies on Sperm Storage Tubules in Japanese Quail

The present work was conducted on oviduct of 42 Japanese quails from 8 weeks to 32 weeks of age to study the histological and histochemical aspects of sperm storage tubules located at uterovaginal junction. The sperm-storage tubules (SST) were observed as branched slightly coiled structures extending into the lamina propria from the base of the mucosal folds. These appeared as darkly stained tubular glands in between the proprial glands and were abundant at the uterovaginal junction than infundibulo-magnum junction. Their number and size increased with the increase in age of bird. SST had proximal and distal parts; the proximal part was lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium and distal part by non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium. Abundance of collagen fibres were observed in the interglandular tissue. Histochemical studies revealed strong to intense reaction of acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides, moderate for lipids and weak reaction for basic proteins in SST.