Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expectancies as a Predictor of Prescription Stimulant Use Among Medical Students

Research suggests that individuals’ expectations about a drug’s effects are predictive of various types of substance abuse, including nonmedical prescription stimulant use (Torrealday et al., 2008). Nonmedical prescription stimulant use, or NMPSU, refers to any use of prescription stimulants without a medical prescription, use of prescription stimulants for nonmedical purposes, or use that exceeds what is prescribed (Bavarian, Flay, Ketcham, &Smit, 2013). NMPSU is associated with a number of negative outcomes, including drug and alcohol abuse, risk-taking behavior, mental illness, physical health problems, and lower educational attainment (McCabe, Teter, Boyd, & Wechsler, 2005). While most previous research has focused on college students, there is evidence that medical students are also at high risk for NMPSU (Emanuel et al., 2013; McNiel et al., 2011). This dissertation study investigated the usefulness of the Prescription Stimulant Expectancy Questionnaire–II (PSEQ–II) in identifying and classifying different types of prescription stimulant users in the medical student population. The results suggest that the PSEQ–II can effectively discriminate between users and nonusers in the medical student population, but not between medical and medical/nonmedical users. In addition, the results indicate that medical students’ expectancies about cognitive enhancement and anxiety and arousal correlate with past prescription stimulant use, even when ADHD symptoms are controlled for. These findings should help inform preventions and interventions for NMPSU in the medical student population.
Aplasia of the Optic Nerve: A Report of Seven Cases

ABSTRACT Optic nerve aplasia (ONA) is a rare congenital anomaly with a limited number of published reports. A retrospective review was performed on seven patients with ONA seen during 2004–2017. Patient’s ocular and extraocular manifestations, imaging findings, and clinical course were described. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed anomalies of the optic chiasm and tracts and other central nervous system involvement. In conclusion, in addition to thorough ophthalmic examinations, MRI is important in evaluating and diagnosing ONA. The patients need to be monitored for both ocular and extraocular concerns.
Six-month prospective trial in early and long-standing rheumatoid arthritis: evaluating disease activity in the wrist through sequential synovial histopathological analysis, RAMRIS magnetic resonance score and EULAR-OMERACT ultrasound score

Introduction Standardised scoring systems for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joint disease activity include Larsen score for radiographs, rheumatoid arthritis magnetic resonance imaging score (RAMRIS) for MRI and using the European League Against Rheumatisms-Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (EULAR-OMERACT) score for ultrasound (US) images. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the relationship between histological synovitis and radiological synovitis, assessed by conventional X-ray, US and MRI of the wrist radiocarpal joint. Methods 20 patients with treatment naive early RA (ERA) and 20 with long-standing RA (LRA) were enrolled in a 6-month prospective study. Patients with RA underwent US-guided synovial biopsy, X-ray and US of the wrist at enrolment and 6 months. MRI at baseline and also at 6 months for the ERA group, and scored with the RAMRIS system. X-ray was scored by Larsen score and US by the EULAR-OMERACT system. Synovial biopsy inflammation was determined by the Krenn score. Results In the ERA group at baseline, Krenn score was correlated strongly with both US combined score (r = 0.77 p < 0.001) and MRI synovitis score (r = 0.85 p < 0.001), while uncorrelated at 6 months. In the LRA group at baseline, these scores correlated strongly (r = 0.83, p < 0.001) to moderately (r = 0.61, p = 0.002), and persisted at 6 months for US score (r = 0.81 p < 0.001). For all patients with RA, change in Krenn score between baseline and 6 months was correlated with both change in US combined score (r = 0.65, p < 0.001) and change in MRI synovitis score (r = 0.50, p = 0.03). Conclusion The MRI RAMRIS synovitis score and EULAR-OMERACT US scoring system are sensitive measures of histological synovitis in LRA and ERA. After 6 months, this correlation persists in the established RA group, but not in the ERA group. Overall, decreases in MRI/US synovitis are associated with reductions in histological synovitis. The study validates the use of MRI RAMRIS and EULAR-OMERACT US scores as surrogate markers of histological synovitis in established RA and early untreated RA.
Depression and quality of life in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies

Background Depression is one of the major psychiatric morbidities in cancer patients. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the impact of depressive symptoms in the quality of life (QoL) of patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies treatments. Methods Observational, cross-sectional study conducted between April and November 2016. To evaluate the QoL, the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 questionnaire were used. The patients were screened for depressive symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) and those with a positive HADS-D positive questionnaire were referenced to the Psychiatry and Mental Health Department for further assessment and follow-up. Results We included 45 female patients. Sixteen (35.6%) patients had a positive HADS-D questionnaire and depressive symptoms confirmed by a psychiatric physician. Of those patients, 7 (15.6%) had a major depressive episode confirmed by psychiatric interview. There was a significant association of depressive symptoms with the future perspectives scale (p = 0.022), breast symptoms scale (p = 0.011) and arm symptom scale (p = 0.005). Significant differences were found in the fatigue (p = 0.024), pain (p = 0.037) and dyspnea (p = 0.009) subscales being worse in patients with depressive symptoms. The association between having depressive symptoms or not was shown to be significant or marginally significant for the variables stage of the tumour (p = 0.057), presence of distant metastasis (p = 0.072) and previous diagnosis of depression (p = 0.011). The patients treated with regimens containing monoclonal antibodies presented better outcomes in various subscales of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-B23 questionnaires than those patients treated with chemotherapy regimens without monoclonal antibodies. Conclusions Despite the small sample of our study, this study provided evidence that depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies treatments detrimentally reduced various aspects of QoL.
Effect of ondansetron on hypotension and bradycardia associated with spinal anesthesia during cesarean section

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of ondansetron during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section in overcoming the associated nausea, vomiting, bradycardia, and hypotension. Background Ondansetron, a widely used antiemetic and serotonin antagonist, has been safely used to blunt the Bezold–Jarisch reflex, resulting in less bradycardia and hypotension in humans undergoing spinal anesthesia. Patients and methods One hundred parturients scheduled for elective cesarean section were randomly allocated into two groups. Before induction of spinal anesthesia group I (n = 50) received intravenous ondansetron 4 mg and group II (n = 50) received normal saline. Blood pressure, heart rate (HR), nausea and vomiting, shivering, vasopressor requirements, and Apgar score at 1 and 5 min were assessed. Results Decreases in systolic arterial pressure were significantly lower in group I than in group II. Patients in group I had significantly less requirement for vasopressor (P = 0.005), needed lower dose of vasopressor (P = 0.01), and had significantly lower incidences of nausea and vomiting (P = 0.03). Decreases in HR were significantly lower in group I than in group II just after spinal anesthesia (P = 0.02), at 20 min (P = 0.01), and 50 min (P = 0.02). Decreases in mean blood pressure were significantly lower in group I than in group II just after spinal anesthesia (P = 0.007). Conclusion In parturient women undergoing elective cesarean section, intravenous 4 mg ondansetron significantly decreased the hypotension, HR fluctuation, and vasopressor doses used.
Evolving indications and reported complications suggest total knee arthroplasty after acute and complex periarticular fractures remains a high-risk operation: a systematic review

Importance Complex periarticular fractures of the knee can be difficult to reconstruct with osteosynthesis, can result in poor function and can lead to increased morbidity and mortality—particularly in the elderly. Primary acute total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a surgical option which is rarely performed, but thought to have high rates of complication postoperatively. Objective To investigate the literature regarding optimal patient selection for TKA after acute fracture with particular emphasis on postoperative outcomes and complications. Evidence review A literature search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Databases using established methodology for conducting systematic reviews investigating acute TKA after trauma. Two reviewers screened citations using the methodological index for non-randomi zed studies score to determine inclusion, methodological quality assessment and data extraction. Findings Eighteen papers met the inclusion criteria; totalling 284 acute arthroplasty procedures. The majority of cases were performed in elderly females and the most common fracture pattern was the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen type C. Inclusion criteria for acute arthroplasty—whether fracture or patient specific—was poorly defined. Modular, stemmed and highly constrained (condylar or hinged) prostheses were used. Complications were often seen including 44 deaths within 5 years of surgery and three instances of above knee amputation. Conclusion and relevance Acute knee arthroplasty can be considered as primary management for an acute periarticular fracture in some cases, although patient selection is vital. These patients should also be viewed similar to fractured neck of femur patients and cared for appropriately. Level of evidence 4.
Anthropometric Study of the Facial Index in the Population of Medical Students in Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Article info: Received: 12 July 2018 Accepted: 27 August 2018 Available Online: 15 September 2018 Checked for Plagiarism: Yes Peer reviewers approved by: Dr. Melika Andrew Language Editor: Prof. Dr. Muhammad Azam Kakar Editor who approved publication: Prof. Dr. Nanuli Doreulee
Switching therapy in patients with age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema and cistoid macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion

Introduction. Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents has revolutionized the management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), macular edema in retinal vein occlusions (RVO), and other retinal diseases accompanied by neovascular and macular edema. The aim of the study is to show the efect of switching from bevacizumab to alibercept in patients with recalcitrant wet AMD as the best clinical approach and regimen for patients with neovascular and macular edema accompanied retinal diseases. Methods. All our patients received the intravitreal injections of 1.25 mg (0.1 mL) bevacizumab as the irst treatment option, and we switched to alibercept or triamcinolon acetonid when the therapy including bevacizumab seemed not to be efective enough, according to visual acuity and optical coherent tomography (OCT) indings. Case presentations. We presented four cases: two patients with wet AMD, one patient with macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and one patient with DME in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (nPDR). The majority of our patients felt visual and anatomical improvement. Some patients felt anatomical improvement although their visual acuity did not improve. Switch to alibercept had prolonged the positive efect of bavacizumab for approximately 2 months. When regular therapy including bevacizumab was reintroduced, the therapeutic efect would be prolonged. The efective clinical approach was not only the switching therapy but the combination therapy as well. Individual treatment approach and pro re nata regimen were most commonly used in our patients. Conclusion. Switching anti-VEGF drug showed positive results in patients with refractory or recurrent wet AMD and macular edema.
Counting-by-Detection with Three-dimensional Fully Convolutional Networks

The project goal is to count and detect instances in an image using deep learning. We target the regime where object detectors need to work reliably in scenarios with crowding, overlapping or instances with a small size. To estimate the objects, two approaches have been used: counting-by-detections and counting- by-density-estimation. We concluded that objects could be rated simply, accurately and efficiently using a counting system and a classification model. To support this statement, we compare different experi- ments using different FCNs. Finally, we propose a quantitative and qualitative method, to evaluate the network. The results are demonstrated on a variety of visual material, including graphs, microscopy and density images.
Modeling activity recognition of multi resident using label combination of multi label classification in smart home

Pertaining to the human centric concern and non-obtrusive way, the ambient sensor type technology has been selected, accepted and embedded in the environment in resilient style. Human activities, everyday are gradually becoming complex and thus complicate the inferences of activities when it involving the multi resident in the same smart environment. Current works solutions focus on separate model between the resident, activities and interactions. Some study use data association and extra auxiliary of graphical nodes to model human tracking information in an environment and some produce separate framework to incorporate the auxiliary for interaction feature model. Thus, recognizing the activities and which resident perform the activity at the same time in the smart home are vital for the smart home development and future applications. This paper will cater the above issue by considering the simplification and efficient method using the multi label classification framework. This effort eliminates time cons.
Quantification of gastric emptying caused by impaired coordination of pyloric closure with antral contraction: a simulation study

Proper coordination of gastric motor functions is required for healthy gastric emptying. However, pyloric function may be impaired by functional disorders or surgical procedures. Here, we show how coordination between pyloric closure and antral contraction affects the emptying of liquid contents. We numerically simulated fluid dynamics using an anatomically realistic gastrointestinal geometry. Peristaltic contractions in the proximal stomach resulted in gastric emptying at a rate of 3–8 ml min−1. When the pylorus was unable to close, the emptying rate increased to 10–30 ml min−1, and instantaneous retrograde flow from the duodenum to the antrum occurred during antral relaxation. Rapid emptying occurred if the pylorus began to open during the terminal antral contraction, and the emptying rate was negative if the pylorus only opened during the antral relaxation phase. Our results showed that impaired coordination between antral contraction and pyloric closure can result in delayed gastric emptying, rapid gastric emptying and bile reflux.
Enhanced Security and Efficiency for Authenticated Key Agreement

The Canetti–Krawczyk (CK) and extended Canetti–Krawczyk (eCK) security mod- els, are widely used to provide security arguments for key agreement protocols. We dis- cuss security shades in the (e)CK models, which make some practical attacks unconsi- dered in security arguments. We propose a strong security model which encompasses the eCK one. We also propose a new protocol, called Strengthened MQV (SMQV), which in addition to provide the same efficiency as the (H)MQV protocols, is particu- larly suited for distributed implementations wherein a tamper–proof device is used to store long–lived keys, while session keys are used on an untrusted host machine. The SMQV protocol meets our security definition under the Gap Diffie–Hellman assump- tion and the Random Oracle model.
Optimal Time for 124I PET/CT Imaging in Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine the optimal time for 124I PET/CT imaging to maximize the detection of locoregional and/or distant metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer. METHODS Differentiated thyroid cancer patients suspected of having metastatic disease were prepared with low-iodine diet and appropriate thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulation. 124I PET and low-dose localization CT were performed over 4 days after oral administration of 31.5 or 62.9 MBq (0.85 or 1.7 mCi) of 124I. Each scan was independently reviewed by 2 nuclear medicine physicians. All foci of activity were categorized, and the visual intensity of uptake was scored by a semiquantitative 3-point grading system (1: mild uptake, 2: moderate uptake, 3: intense uptake). Lesion volumes were determined on the CT image or on the PET images. Background (bkg) was also measured for each lesion and on each individual PET image. For each lesion, the mean activity concentration rate per unit administered activity (ACRmean/AA) and lesion-to-bkg ratios were compared across the 5 different time points. The semiquantitative grade and the quantitative measurements were compared. RESULTS A total of 45 124I PET/CT scans were reviewed for 9 patients. In the visual assessment, a total of 31 foci suggestive for or highly suggestive of metastasis were identified on 124I PET/CT. Of these, 6 were seen on the 2-h, 18 on the 24-h, 27 on the 48-h, 24 on the 72-h, and 20 on the 96-h scan. There was a significant difference between the 24- and 48-h scans in the total number of foci (ie, locoregional and distant metastasis) (P < 0.05) and in the number of distant metastases (P < 0.05). The 24-, 48-, and 72-h scans identified the same number of locoregional foci. The 48-h scan visualized more of the distant metastases than any other time point. 124I PET/CT with dual-time-point imaging was superior to single-time-point imaging (97% vs 87%). In the quantitative analysis, the median ACRmean/AA was highest at 24 and 48 h, and the median lesion-to-bkg ratio was variable for different lesion locations. For lung metastases, the highest median lesion-to-bkg ratio was at 72 and 96 h. CONCLUSIONS 124I PET/CT with dual-time-point imaging was superior to any single-time-point imaging (P < 0.10). Based on the visual assessment, dual time points at 48 + 72 h or 48 + 96 h yielded the highest lesion detection rate, whereas for single-time-point imaging, the 48-h images had the highest lesion detection rate. If the 48-h scan is completely negative or has negative 124I uptake in the region of interest, then a 72- or 96-h scan may be valuable. If lung metastases are suspected, then one should consider additional imaging at 72 or 96 h.
Development of Self-made LSM Software using in Neuroscience

One of the main and modern visualization method in neuroscience is two-photon microscopy. However, scientists need to upgrade their microscopy system so regular because they are interested to get more specific data. Self-developed microscopy system allows to modify the construction of microscope in not-complicated manner depending on specialized experimental models and scientific tasks. Earlier we reported about building of self-made laser scanning microscope (LSM) using in neuroscience both for in vivo and in vitro experiments. Here we will report how to create software AMAScan for LSM controlling in MATLAB. The work was performed with financial support of the government represented by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the unique identifier of the project is RFMEFI58115X0016, the agreement on granting a subsidy №14.581. 21.0016 dated 14.10. 2015.
The Effect of Dry Needling to the Multifidus Muscle on Resting and Contracted Thickness of Transversus Abdominis in Subjects with Low Back Pain

Study Design: Randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial. Objective: To measure the effects of dry needling to the lumbar multifidus (MF) muscle for any change in resting and contracted thickness of the transversus abdominis (TrA) muscle as well as symptoms and disability in individuals with low back pain (LBP). Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that individuals with LBP have diminished co-activation of the lumbar MF and TrA muscles, which when working appropriately in healthy individuals, contributes to spinal stability and function. A significant change in the resting and contracted thickness of TrA has been found with dry needling to the lumbar MF in healthy subjects, but this has yet to be studied in individuals with low back pain. Methods: Thirty adults with LBP were randomly assigned to receive dry needling intervention or a sham needling intervention to the lumbar MF. The participants received instruction on the deep corset contraction (DCC) for purposes of measuring TrA muscle relaxation and contracted thickness with real time ultrasound (US) imaging pre- and post-intervention. Along with the US measurements, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the Global Rating of Change Scale (GROC) and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) were used to measure outcomes at baseline, immediately post-, 2-days post, and 7-days post intervention. (See pdf for full abstract)
Snapstore : a version control system for everyone

Version control systems have, for many years, been applications that are developed and maintained with software engineers in mind. However, other less technical industries and endeavors can benefit immensely from the functionality these systems provide. Unfortunately, existing version control systems, such as Git and Mercurial, have too steep a learning curve to make quick adoption feasible, especially for new or less technical users. File syncing systems, on the other hand, such as Dropbox and Google Drive are easier to learn and understand. But, they do not offer the same level of functionality as version control systems. We believe that the best from both of these types of systems can be combined to provide a simpler version control system, accessible to anyone. In this thesis, we provide two main contributions. We outline the steps needed to design a simpler, more powerful version control system by following Conceptual Design Theory. We then describe the system we created to fulfill this vision. The system, Snapstore, is the result of all the goals and ideas described by this paper. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Daniel Jackson Title: Professor
XGTagger, an open-source interface dealing with XML contents

This article presents an open-source interface dealing with XML contents and simplifying their analysis. This tool, called XGTagger, allows to use any existing system developed for text only, for any purpose. It takes an XML document in input and creates a new one, adding information brought by the system. We also present the concept of “reading contexts” and show how our tool deals with them.