Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 Revision 2 1 2 Characterization of modified mineral waste material adsorbent as affected by 3 thermal treatment for optimizing its adsorption of lead and methyl orange 4

11 Thermal treatment is one of the most common processes in mineral modification and 12 this process has been applied to the modification of mineral waste material to improve 13 its adsorption ability of methyl orange (MO) and lead (Pb) in this study. The 14 properties of modified mineral waste material (MMWM) before and after thermal 15 modification were characterized by using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) N2 16 adsorption/desorption measurement, field emission scanning electron microscope 17 (FESEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and 18 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Phase transformation related to the 19 change in surface morphology and dehydroxylation that occurred in MMWM samples 20 during the process of thermal treatment were investigated. To study adsorption 21 performances of Pb and MO onto the newly modified MMWM, a number of 22 experiments were carried out under different adsorption conditions and the results 23 were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry 24 2 (ICP-OES) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The thermally treated MMWM samples 25 showed morphological transformation, and an increasing trend in BET specific 26 surface area (SSA) up to 500 °C followed by a decreasing trend till 1000 °C. Thermal 27 modification of MMWM had successfully improved Pb adsorption from 349 to 515 28 mg/g, corresponding to the MMWM modified at 600 °C, and the methyl orange (MO) 29 adsorption from 68 to 87.6 mg/g at 400 °C. The adsorptions of Pb and MO were 30 mainly chemisorption and monolayer coverage, as the pseudo-second-order model 31 and the Langmuir equation displayed good correlations for Pb and MO adsorption 32 data. 33
Collusion , Political Connection , and Tax Evasion *

Upon studying listed firms in China, this paper provides evidence of government-firm collusion. We argue that political turnover of local leaders serves as exogenous shocks to existing collusion, so the detected reduction of firm tax evasion in response to political turnover could be interpreted as evidence of pre-existing collusion. By exploiting variation of costs and opportunities of collusion amongst firms, we further disentangle the effect of collusion from political uncertainty. Lastly, we show that firms’ political connections, capturing by social networks and political ties, stabilize the existing collusion, which helps firms maintain their advantage while facing external political shocks.
Design Issues in the Construction of a Cryptographically Secure Instant Message Service for Android Smartphones

—This paper describes design and implementation issues concerning the construction of a cryptographically secure instant message service for Android devices along with its underlying cryptographic library. The paper starts by discussing security requirements for instant message applications, and proceeds to the architecture of cryptographic components and selection of cryptographic services. Concerning this last point, two sets of services were implemented: one based only on standardized algorithms and other based solely on non-standard cryptography.
EstimationofPenetration Depth ofβ- Radiations inParaffin Wax andMica

A precise method for determination of penetration depth of β-radiationin paraffin wax and mica is described in this paper.The measurements have carried out using Gamma-Scout with Tl-204 and Cs -137 sources. The Gamma Scout is very sensitive, portable and reliable instrument. We have used paraffin wax of density 0.9 g/cm 3 and mica of density 2.8g/cm 3 . The penetration depth of β-particles strongly depends on energy of incident β-radiation and the density of the intervening material. The paraffin wax is low density material its density is nearly equal to density of flesh and hence determination of penetration depth of β-radiation in the paraffin wax is helpful in understanding the interaction of β-particles with low density materials. The mica is very important dielectric material and is used in capacitors and electric appliances. The determination of penetration depth of β-particles in mica is useful in understanding the interaction of β-particles with mica. This experimental technique can be used to estimate thickness, density, presence of impurity in sample.
Cluster processes

A R-valued cluster process is a pair (Y,B) in which Y = (Y1, . . .) is an R valued random sequence and B is a random partition of the index set N. The process is said to be exchangeable if, for each finite sample [n] ⊂ N, the restricted process (Y [n], B[n]) is invariant under permutation σ : [n] → [n] of sample elements. The Gauss-Ewens process is the simplest non-trivial example for which the distribution is as follows. First fix the parameter values λ > 0, and the matrices Σ,Σ, both symmetric positive definite of order d. In the first step, B has the Ewens distribution with parameter λ. Given B, Y is a zero-mean R-valued Gaussian sequence with conditional covariances
Green & Quiet Brussels? Analysis of social inequalities in the health-related outcomes of environmental characteristics in the Brussels Capital Region: a mixed method intersectionality approach

Project background Urban areas are growing fast worldwide and there is an increasing concern about the relations between urbanization, environmental threats, the quality of living spaces and human health. A healthy living environment is a prerequisite for good health. Research in environmental epidemiology clearly illustrates a direct health impact of indoor and outdoor pollution. Living in healthy and green areas is associated with better self-assessed health, better mental health, lower risks of cardio-vascular and respiratory diseases and lower mortality from related causes. To date, there are few studies dealing with the association between the inand outdoor living environment and health in Belgium, let alone in the Brussels Capital Region. The current project will disentangle the interrelations between (indoor and outdoor) environmental factors, social background factors and health in the Brussels Capital Region. It will investigate the impact of social stratifiers – socioeconomic position, migrant background, age and gender – on the association between environmental quality and health and mortality.
Building maintainable webapplications using React – An evaluation of architectural patterns conducted onCanvas LMS

Maintainability for web applications is increasingly important due to increasing demands for advanced functionality as well as a short time-to-market. Fixing errors, reusing functionality and adding new features efficiently are crucial for making the application profitable for the software organization as well as valuable for the end-user. Modern frameworks and libraries such as React assist web engineers in building sophisticated applications using high-quality solutions called architectural patterns. In this thesis architectural patterns have been evaluated by performing static code analysis using well-established metrics. The evaluation was conducted using a Design Science Research approach on the Learning Management System Canvas. The results showed large variations in maintainability depending on the architectural pattern used.
Fruit Detection and Grading System

: Agriculture is one of the largest economic sectors and it plays the major role in economic development of any country. In our country, the ever-increasing population demands high quality of fruits, but in turn there are losses involved in processing the quality of fruits with good appearance. This arises need for the development of accurate, fast and focused quality determination of food and agricultural products like fruits and vegetables. This work aimed to develop an algorithm for detecting and grading fruits. From the acquired image, automated detection and grading system is designed to combine three processes such as feature extraction, detection and grading. For detection of fruit Feature vector is calculated with the help of discrete wavelet transform. These features will be stored in database with name of fruit. With the help of linear kernel base SVM classifier type of fruit detected. Fruits grading and ripening based on the morphological feature, and color feature. Size has been identified using machine vision by measuring area of fruits. Morphological features are extracted from fruit images such as Area, perimeter, Major -Axis Minor -Axis major axis. Classification of the fruit was judged by the area of fruit which is size by using Feed forward neural network and Fruit was classified according Grade-I, Grade-II and Grade III. For ripening Mean values extracted from the color space like RGB and CMYK. Fruit color change on the skin of the fruit was classified according unripe, partially ripe and fully ripe fruit by using KNN classifier.
Ancestral Sequence

The first step in the analysis of aligned nucleotide or amino acid sequences usually comprises the computation of genetic distances (or evolutionary distances) between the DNA sequences. In the present chapter we discuss two questions that naturally arise in this context. First, what is a reasonable definition of a genetic distance, and second, how can it can be estimated using statistical models of the substitution process.
Ethnic and Racial Dispari t ies in Saving Behavior

Using data of households approaching retirement in the U.S., I find that the Whites' median saving rates are 9 percentage points larger than the Mexican Americans' rates (ethnic gap) and than the African Americans' rates (racial gap). Two-thirds of each gap correspond to changes in asset prices and a third to households' active decisions. Quantile decompositions show that differences in income and education explain most of the active saving gaps. This implies that wealth inequality is not attributable to differences in the distributions of active saving rates conditional on socio-economic characteristics. When retirement assets are included, the racial but not the ethnic gap in total savings disappears. The results suggest that reducing disparities in income, education and pension savings would help to reduce wealth inequality.
Package vsgoftest : goodness-of-ﬁt tests based on Kullback-Leibler divergence

The vsgoftest package provides functions for estimating Shannon entropy of absolutely continuous distributions and testing the goodness-of-ﬁt of some theoretical family of distributions to a vector of real numbers. It also provides functions for computing the density, cumulative density and quantile functions of Pareto and Laplace distributions, as well as for generating samples from these distributions
Design of Single-Stage Buck Boot Converter for Inverter Applications

- The main objective of this project to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) the transformer can be replaced by buck and boost converter there by it also increase the efficiency. This design employs a single stage switch mode buck and boost converters which has been presented for photovoltaic inverter applications. The proposed design employs a single-stage switch mode buck converter and a single-stage switch mode boost converter. So the converters are designed that the boost converter provides an output voltage of 312V DC from 24V source while the buck converter provides an output voltage of 7.07V pulsated DC from 312V AC grid. The designed buck and boost converters are then employed to run a single-phase full bridge inverter which can be simulated using the PSIM software. The results show that the designed converters can be used to replace transformers from conventional inverter circuit to make low-THD, highly efficient and cost effective transformer-less inverter-topology
MIMO FOR Cutting Edge Remote for Massive Frameworks

— Multi-client Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) offers huge favorable circumstances over conventional point-to-point MIMO: it works with shoddy single-radio wire terminals, a rich scrambling condition isn't required, and asset portion is improved on the grounds that each dynamic terminal uses the majority of the time-recurrence containers. Be that as it may, multi-client MIMO, as initially imagined with generally parallel quantities of administration reception apparatuses and terminals and recurrence division duplex activity, isn't a versatile innovation. Monstrous MIMO (otherwise called "Vast Scale Antenna Systems", "Extensive M IMO", "Hyper MIMO", "Full-Dimension MIMO" and "ARGOS") makes a clean break with mutt lease hone using an expansive abundance of administration receiving wires over dynamic terminals and time division duplex task. Additional receiving wires help by centering vitality into ever-littler areas of room to get enormous changes throughput and emanated vitality productivity. Different advantages of huge MIMO incorporate the broad utilization of in costly low-control components, diminished inactivity, rearrangements of the media access s control (MAC) layer, and robustness to purposeful sticking. The expected throughput rely upon the spread condition giving asymptotically orthogonal channels to the terminals, yet so far experiments have not uncovered any confinements in such manner. While huge MIMO renders numerous customary research issues unimportant, it reveals altogether new issues that ur-delicately require consideration: the test of influencing some minimal effort to low accuracy parts that work viably together, securing and synchronization for recently joined terminals, the abuse of additional degrees of opportunity gave by the abundance of administration receiving wires, lessening inside power utilization to accomplish add up to vitality proficiency diminishments, and finding new sending situations. This paper shows an overview of the enormous MIMO idea and
ChemCam Passive Spectroscopy of Atmospheric O2 and H2O

Smith, S. Bender, M. J. Wolff, J. R. Johnson, M.T. Lemmon, R. C. Wiens, S. Maurice, O. Gasnault, D. Blaney, L. P. DeFlores, A. -M. Harri, O. Kemppinen, M. Genzer, J. E. Moores, M. H. Wong , M. G. Trainer, F. J. Martín-Torres, M. -P. Zorzano, M. de la Torre Juarez, Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (tmcconno@umd.edu), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Toulouse, France, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109 Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, Canada, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, University of California, Berkeley, CA Centro de Astrobiologia, Madrid, Spain.
Loading of Iron (II, III) Oxide Nanoparticles in Cryogels Based on Microfibrillar Cellulose for Heavy Metal Ion Separation

Cryogels based on microfibrillar cellulose (MFC) and reinforced with chitosan to endow water resistance were loaded with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and characterized by TEM, XRD, and TGA. The MNP-loaded cryogels were tested for heavy metal ion removal from aqueous matrices. The adsorption capacity under equilibrium conditions for Cr(VI), Pd(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) was measured to be 2755, 2155, 3015, and 4100 mg/g, respectively. The results indicate the potential of the introduced bicomponent cryogels for nanoparticle loading, leading to a remarkably high metal ion sorption capacity.
Novel occupational therapy intervention in the early rehabilitation of patients with brain tumours

Statement of context The Danish Health Authority recommends that patients with brain tumours should have their rehabilitation needs evaluated prior to hospital discharge. Critical reflection on practice To our knowledge, no specific recommendations for specialised occupational therapy intervention in patients with glioma have been published. We rationalise how occupational therapy practices founded on shared decision-making and common goal-setting are implicated to patients with brain tumours and elaborate on how an occupation-centred approach with occupation-focused and based intervention has the potential to impact a patient’s performance ability and satisfaction in performing occupations established by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. This practice was embedded in a randomised controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of intensive rehabilitation efforts and involving occupational therapy compared with standard care in patients with glioma (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02221986). Implications for practice Occupational therapy makes an important contribution in neurorehabilitation, which may also apply to patients with brain tumours.
The Multifaceted Nature of Food and Nutrition Insecurity in South Africa: Lessons Learnt from Conducting a Case Study of Malnourished Children on Nutrition Security Programme (NSP)

ABSTRACT A composite measurement to harmoniously capture all the pillars of food security has not yet been discovered. Food availability in sufficient quantities at all times does not necessarily mean nutrition security as compromised food quality may lead to malnutrition. This paper shows the multifaceted and complex nature of measuring food and nutrition insecurity of 136 caregivers and their children attending nutrition rehabilitation programme. A multi-measurement was used to assess food and nutrition security status. Although the children were part of a rehabilitation programme, only 63 percent of these children were successfully rehabilitated, 29 percent were wasted and 6 percent obese. Sustainable Developmental Goals (1: No poverty; 2: No hunger and 3: Good health and Well-being) are associated with the concern about obesity that is virtually an epidemic beyond achievement of the Millennium Developmental Goals. This study confirmed the complexity of food and nutrition insecurity as it extends to contextual social and behavioural issues. A proactive-holistic approach is required when planning future interventions, developing assessments and measuring systems.
Multiwavelength Study of an X-Ray Tidal Disruption Event Candidate in NGC 5092

We present multiwavelength studies of a transient X-ray source, XMMSL1 J131952.3+225958, associated with the galaxy NGC 5092 at z = 0.023 detected in the XMM-Newton SLew survey (XMMSL). The source brightened in the band by a factor of in 2005 as compared with previous flux limits and then faded by a factor of >200 as observed with XMM-Newton in 2013 and with Swift in 2018. At the flaring state the X-ray spectrum can be modeled with a blackbody at a temperature of ∼60 eV and an overall luminosity of erg s−1. A UV flare and optical flare were also detected with the Galaxy Evolution Explorer and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, respectively, within several months of the X-ray flare, whose nonstellar UV–optical spectrum can be described with a blackbody at a temperature of K and a luminosity of erg s−1. Interestingly, mid-infrared monitoring observations of NGC 5092 with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer 5–13 yr later show a continuous flux decline. These dramatic variability properties, from the X-ray through UV and optical to infrared, appear to be orderly, suggestive of a stellar tidal disruption event (TDE) by a massive black hole, confirming the postulation by Kanner et al. This TDE candidate belongs to a rare sample with contemporaneous bright emission detected in the X-ray, UV, and optical, which are later echoed by dust-reprocessed light in the mid-infrared. The black hole has a mass of 10 , residing in a galaxy that is dominated by a middle-aged stellar population of 2.5 Gyr.
Beyond the Code: Mining Self-Admitted Technical Debt in Issue Tracker Systems

Self-admitted technical debt (SATD) is a particular case of Technical Debt (TD) where developers explicitly acknowledge their sub-optimal implementation decisions. Previous studies mine SATD by searching for specific TD-related terms in source code comments. By contrast, in this paper we argue that developers can admit technical debt by other means, e.g., by creating issues in tracking systems and labelling them as referring to TD. We refer to this type of SATD as issue-based SATD or just SATD-I. We study a sample of 286 SATD-I instances collected from five open source projects, including Microsoft Visual Studio and GitLab Community Edition. We show that only 29% of the studied SATD-I instances can be tracked to source code comments. We also show that SATD- I issues take more time to be closed, compared to other issues, although they are not more complex in terms of code churn. Besides, in 45% of the studied issues TD was introduced to ship earlier, and in almost 60% it refers to Design flaws. Finally, we report that most developers pay SATD-I to reduce its costs or interests (66%). Our findings suggest that there is space for designing novel tools to support technical debt management, particularly tools that encourage developers to create and label issues containing TD concerns.
mmWave Doubly-Massive-MIMO Communications Enhanced With an Intelligent Reflecting Surface: Asymptotic Analysis

As a means to control wireless propagation environments, the use of emerging and novel intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) is envisioned to enhance and broaden many applications in future wireless networks. This paper is concerned with an IRS-assisted millimeter-wave (mmWave) system in which the IRS consists of multiple subsurfaces, each having the same number of passive reflecting elements, whereas both the transmitter and receiver are equipped with massive antenna arrays. Under the scenario of having very large numbers of antennas at both transmit and receive ends, the achievable rate of the system is derived. Furthermore, with the objective of maximizing the achievable rate, the paper presents optimal solutions of power allocation, precoding/combining, and IRS’s phase shifts. Then it is shown that when the number of reflecting elements at each subsurface is very large, the number of favorable and controllable propagation paths provided by the IRS is simply equal to the number of subsurfaces while the received signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to each of the favorable paths increases quadratically with the number of reflecting elements. The problem of minimizing the transmit power subject to the rate constraint is also analyzed for the scenario without direct paths in the pure LOS propagation. In addition, the asymptotic analysis is extended to the multiuser scenario. Finally, numerical results are provided to corroborate the obtained analysis.