Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Steam and Brine Zones Prediction Inside an Operated Geothermal Reservoir Based on Seismic Velocities Produced by Double Difference Tomography

The knowledge about reservoir condition is one of the key factors for sustainable production in a geothermal field. Monitoring of geothermal reservoir by using micro-earthquake (MEQ) method has been implemented recently in several operated fields in Indonesia. Double difference seismic tomography is one of tomographic method that uses the absolute and the relative travel times which could be used to monitor geothermal reservoir by analyzing the distribution of produced Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs ratio. This method had been implemented to a set of MEQ data that were recorded within a relatively short period of two months in 2005. Altogether, 17 seismometers were deployed in the field. Catalog data was created by re-picked waveform data in order to determined P and S wave arrival times. Micro-earthquake event were classified based on the difference between S and P arrival times (ts-tp) that were less than or equal to 3 seconds. In total 303 micro-earthquake events had been successfully identified and picked. This number is equivalent to 1798 P-wave and 1750 S-wave picked arrival times. Initial location was calculated using Geiger’s method and 1-D two layers system was used as initial velocity model. Hypocenter positions which were determined by Geiger’s method were relocated by using VELEST software in order to obtain a better velocity model and hypocenter positions. Furthermore, the double-difference tomographic method is implemented in order to obtain the best 3-D velocity model and hypocenter positions. Altogether, 197 events which have a gap value less than 180 o between epicenter and station were used for input data of double difference tomography. Low Vp and Vs anomaly values from -20 % to -10 % of the background velocity model are concentrated in the northern part of research area. The existence of those anomalies and the appearance of low Vp/Vs ratio from 1.6 to 1.7 at elevation of +0.5 km to 1.0 km are interpreted as steam zone inside geothermal reservoir. The zone which has a high Vp anomaly values from 0 % to 10 % of the background velocity model, low Vs anomaly values from -15 % to 0 %, and high Vp/Vs ratio of 1.8 to 2.0 is interpreted as brine zone.
Tilburg University Private Equity and Regulatory Capital Bongaerts

Regulatory Capital requirements for European banks have been put forward in the Basel II Capital Framework and subsequently in the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD) of the EU. We provide a detailed discussion of the capital requirements for private equity investments under the simple risk weight approach, the PD/LGD approach and the internal model approach. For the latter we present a structural model for which we calibrate the parameters from a proprietary dataset. We modify the standard Merton structural model to make it applicable in practice and to capture stylized facts of these investments. We also show how to implement the early default features of our model in a simulation algorithm with very low computational costs. Our results support capital requirements lower than in Basel II, but not as low as in CRD. A sensitivity analysis shows that this finding is robust to parameter uncertainty and stress scenarios. This is likely to give adverse incentives to banks for using advanced risk models. JEL codes: G21, G28, G32
Selective eliminationofaphid endosymbionts : e ¡ ectsofantibiotic doseand hostgenotype , and ¢ tness consequences

Multiple endosymbionts commonly coexist in the same host insects. In order to gain an understanding of the biological roles of the individual symbionts in such complex systems, experimental techniques for enabling the selective removal of a specific symbiont from the host are of great importance. By using the pea aphid Buchnera Serratia endosymbiotic system as a model, the efficacy, generality, and fitness consequences of selective elimination techniques at various antibiotic doses and under a variety of host genotypes were investigated. In all the disymbiotic aphid strains examined, the facultative symbiont Serratia was selectively eliminated by ampicillin treatment in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting a generality of the elimination technique irrespective of host genotype. However, fitness consequences of the Serratia elimination differed between the aphid strains, indicating substantial effects of host genotype. In all the disymbiotic aphid strains, the obligate symbiont Buchnera was selectively eliminated by rifampicin treatment irrespective of the antibiotic dose. However, the survival and reproduction of the Buchnera-free aphids varied in a dose-dependent manner, and the dose dependence was strikingly different between the aphid genotypes. These results provide a basis for the development of new protocols for manipulating insect endosymbiotic microbiota.
Molecules Needed to Fill a 454 Picotiterplate

The large amount of DNA needed to prepare a library in next generation sequencing protocols hinders direct sequencing of small DNA samples. This limitation is usually overcome by the enrichment of such samples with whole genome amplification (WGA), mostly by multiple displacement amplification (MDA) based on Q29 polymerase. However, this technique can be biased by the GC content of the sample and is prone to the development of chimeras as well as contamination during enrichment, which contributes to undesired noise during sequence data analysis, and also hampers the proper functional and/or taxonomic assignments. An alternative to MDA is direct DNA sequencing (DS), which represents the theoretical gold standard in genome sequencing. In this work, we explore the possibility of sequencing the the notion of one-bead-one-molecule. Using an optimized protocol for DS, we constructed a shotgun library containing the minimum number of DNA molecules needed to fill a selected region of a picotiterplate. We gathered most of the reference genome extension with uniform coverage. We compared the DS method with MDA applied to the same amount of starting DNA. As expected, MDA yielded a sparse and biased read distribution, with a very high amount of unassigned and unspecific DNA amplifications. The optimized DS protocol allows unbiased sequencing to be performed from samples with a very small amount of DNA. Citation: Džunková M, Garcia-Garcerà M, Martı Needed to Fill a 454 Picotiterplate. PLoS ONE 9(6): e97379. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0097379 Editor: Maurizio Casiraghi, University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy Received January 29, 2014; Accepted April 17, 2014; Published June 2, 2014 Copyright: 2014 Džunková et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was funded by grant CP09/00049 Miguel Servet, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain to GD; by projects SAF2009-13032-C02-01 and SAF 201231187 (AM), BFU2009-12895-CO2-01 and SAF2010-16240 (FC) from the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (MCINN), FU2008-04501-E from Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation(MCINN) in the frame of ERA-Net PathoGenoMics and Prometeo/2009/092 from Conselleria D’Educació Generalitat Valenciana, Spain, to AM. MD is recipient of a fellowship from Spanish Ministry of Education FPU2010. MGG was supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Grant number BES-2008-006029). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: andres.moya@uv.es . These authors contributed equally to this work.
The trans-European transport corridors: Contribution to economic performances of European regions

Previous empirical researches have mostly confirmed the existence of positive impact of transport infrastructure investments on economic growth of national economies. There are a very few researches carried out at the lower levels of territorial units, mostly at the levels of NUTS-1 or NUTS-2 statistical regions. The aim of this paper is to analyse economic effects of transport infrastructure development at even lower level of territorial units, i.e. at the level of NUTS-3 statistical regions. The paper compares economic performances of the TEN-T European regions characterized by developed core trans-European road and rail transport network, with economic performances of other regions without the core network. A significant difference in favour of the TEN-T regions was identified, both in the case of gross value added of the entire economy and gross value added of the manufacturing industry. No significant differences were identified in terms of the employment rate. On the other hand, the labour productivity is higher in the TEN-T regions, primarily in the manufacturing industry, as a direct consequence of reducing transport time and transport costs.
The Acquired Capability for Lethal Self Injury: Case Studies of Plath’s The Bell Jar and Eugenides’ The Virgin Suicides

Interpersonal theory developed by Joiner (2005) is based on the assumption that people die by suicide because they can-acquired capability-and because they want to- desire of suicide. Desire to die arises from two specific psychological states: perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. The obtained ability of committing suicidal thoughts referred to the second segment of the approach consists of some specific factors, i.e., the person must be capable of doing some lethal activities courageously to put an end to the life; therefore, they present a fearless attitude towards death. Another factor is endurance to face self-injuries pain acquired from the long painful experiences or probably stimulating and motivating situations. In this paper, the researchers intended to present a Joinerian reading of Sylvia Plath’s only novel, the Bell Jar , and one of Jeffrey Eugenides’ prominent works, the Virgin Suicides . In fact, this qualitative study would analyze the two selected novels (i.e., the Bell Jar and the Virgin Suicides ) by the use of the acquired capability for suicide to find out why one takes his/her life by his/her own hands. Based on the findings, Loneliness, social isolation, and thwarted effectiveness can be the mental states that have inflicted an acute pain on the heroines, a pain that makes them ready to die by suicides. Suicidal ideation and witnessing other’s suicidal behaviors, habituates the heroines to the concept of death and suicide.
Trichodina cancilae sp.n. [Mobilina: Trichodinidae] from the gills of a freshwater gar, Xenentodon cancila [Hamilton] [Belonidae]

Summary. A population of a trichodinid ciliate (Mobilina: Trichodinidae) was found in the gills of the freshwater gar, Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton) (Belonidae) collected from Kalyani of Nadia District, West Bengal, India and was described as a new species. The specimens are characterized by the shape of denticles being elongated and arched blades; 1 or 2 cut-like notches in the convex side of the blade and the presence of the single non-staining granule at the base of blades and the base of rays; moderate central part; and broad and greatly arched rays. The body diameter ranged from 50.0-74.4 µm, whilst denticle number ranged from 28-32. Approximately 49.5% of the host fishes (213 out of 430) were infested with the ciliate on their gills during September 1995 and December 1997, sometimes in concurrent infestation with Tripartiella bursiformis (Davis, 1947) Lom, 1959. The highest percentage of infestation was recorded in December 1996 (73.3%). The variation is recorded and discussed.
D Printing for Garments Production : An Exploratory Study

This paper explores the possibility of introducing 3D printed parts into commercial garment production. The research investigates the cost and time needed to create 3D printed components for garment construction at the sample stage and provides an example of garment construction techniques. This research is completed in order to investigate whether such manufacturing method would benefit the garment manufacturer and to define areas need to be improved for 3D printing that would possibly become an essential part of mass manufacture in the fashion industry. By completing the garment and analyzing the process it has been proved that it is possible to partially 3D-print garment that can serve several benefits.
Engineering of New Proteinoids and Proteinoid Nanoparticles of Narrow Size Distribution for Anti-fog Applications

The “fog phenomenon” describes the formation of tiny droplets of water on different surfaces. In day-to-day life, fog affects the light transmission and damages the visibility of different surfaces, such as plastic packaging, lenses, mirrors and windshields. In this study, a new thin coating onto polypropylene films, made of proteionoids and proteinoid nanoparticles for fog prevention, is presented. The proteinoids and proteinoid nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal step-growth polymerization of amino acids and therefore are non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible. The anti-fogging ability of proteinoids and proteinoid nanoparticles was discussed in terms of wettability, surface chemistry and morphology, that were measured by contact angle and atomic force microscopy. The efficiency of the anti-fog coatings was also tested by hot and cold fog tests to examine the optical properties of the films under fog formation conditions. The obtained results revealed that the proteinoids and proteinoid nanoparticle coatings perform as a wetting enhancer, mainly due to the low water contact angle (7-40°), that can be attributed to the hydrophilic residues of the proteinoid. Furthermore, proteionoids and proteinoid nanoparticles improved the film roughness by smoothing the surface of films (0.7-1.5 nm). In fog tests, uncoated PP film display many small water drops on the surface that damaged the transparency of the film. In contrast, PP films coated with proteinoids or proteinoid nanoparticles formed a clear continuous thin layer of water on the surface. Additionally, the coating did not affect the clarity and haze of the films. Therefore, the coated films may be utilized in many applications, such as food packaging, agriculture and esthetic nylon wraps.
Role of diffusion-weighted MR Imaging in solid breast masses and complicated cysts

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of malign/benign lesions and complicated cysts/abscesses in diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging and to investigate the contribution of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to differential diagnosis. Methods: In this retrospective study; histopathologically proven 177 lesions (21 complicated cysts, 91 malign and 65 bening lesions) were evaluated in 116 women using conventional MRI and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Results: Mean ADC values obtained in our study were 0.88±0.3x10-3 cm2/sec for 91 malignant, and 1.52±0.3x10-3 cm2/sec for 65 benign lesions, 0.55±0.3x10-3 cm2/sec for 21 complicated cysts/abscesses and and a statistically significant difference was detected among mean lesion ADC values (P<0.001). We calculated threshold ADC values to discriminate between malignant and benign lesions, and between these lesions and complicated cysts/abscesses as 1.1x10-3 cm2/sec (P<0.001), and 0.6x10-3 cm2/sec (P<0.001), respectively. The ADC values identified for complicated cysts/abscesses are significantly lower than the ADC values of benign and malign values reported in the literature. Conclusion: As a result, the specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of DWI when it is used alone are higher than conventional MRI, while sensitivity of DWI is nearly the same. DWI is effective in detecting breast lesions and also ADC value is useful in distinguishing among complicated cysts/abscesses, malignant and benign breast lesions.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) Concentrations in Some Aquatic Macrophytes in Hilla River, Iraq

Phragmites australis, Potamogeton pectinatus, Potamogeton perfoliatus and Ceratophyllum demersum were selected to study concentrations of PAHs in lotic ecosystems. Six sampling sites were selected along Al-Hilla River and sampling was conducted in 2010 and 2011. Sixteen PAHs listed as priority pollutants were detected in the samples collected, including Naphthalene (Nap), Acenaphthylene (Acpy), Acenaphthene (Acp), Fluorene (Flu), Phenanthrene (Phen), Anthracene (Ant), Fluoranthene (Flur), Pyrene (Py), Benzo (a) Anthracene (B(a)A), Chrysene (Chry), Benzo (b) Fluoranthene (B(b)F), Benzo (k) Fluoranthene (B(k)F), Benzo (a) Pyrene (B(a)P), Dibenzo (a, h) Anthracene (D(b)A), Benzo (ghi) Perylene (B(ghi)P) and Indeno (1,2,3-cd) Pyrene (Ind). The results of the study illustrate that the PAH concentration in macrophytes varies among their species. These variances were as follows: P. australis 0.425 to 299.424 μg/g dry weight (Dw) for B(ghi)P and B(b)F, respectively; P. perfoliatus 0.354 to 235.84 μg/g Dw for B(b)F and B(ghi)P, respectively; C. demersum 0.996 to 162.942 μg/g Dw for Ant and B(ghi)P, respectively; and P. pectinatus 0.383 to 99.87 μg/g Dw for Ant and Nap, respectively. The accumulation potential of PAHs was also investigated by calculating the Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Bio-sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF). The ranges of BCF ratios were 0.05 to 5334.5, 0.08 to 1602.5, 0.01 to 536.6, 0.16 to 1882 in P. australis, P. perfoliatus, P. pectinatus and C. demersum, respectively. The range of BSAF ratios were 3.14 to 1041.6 and 1.5 to 2920.8 in P. australis and P. perfoliatus, respectively.
Distributed Hash Tables in P2P Network: Detection and Prevention of Threats and Vulnerability

Currently the peer-to-peer search focuses on efficient hash lookup systems which can be use in building more complex distributed systems. These system works well when their algorithms are executed in right direction but generally they don’t consider how to handle misbehaving nodes. In our paper we considers different sorts of security problems which are inherent in peer-to peer systems based on distributed hash lookup systems. We examine different types of problems that this kind of systems might face, taking examples from existing systems. Here we propose some design principles for detecting as well preventing those problems. Keywords - Distributed hash lookup systems, verifiable system invariants, verifiable key assignment, Server selection in routing.
Dependence and dependence structures: estimation and visualization using distance multivariance

Distance multivariance is a multivariate dependence measure, which can detect dependencies between an arbitrary number of random vectors each of which can have a distinct dimension. Here we discuss several new aspects and present a concise overview. We relax the required moment conditions considerably and show that distance multivariance unifies (and extends) distance covariance and the Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion HSIC, moreover also the classical linear dependence measures: covariance, Pearson's correlation and the RV coefficient appear as limiting cases. For measures based on distance multivariance the corresponding resampling tests are introduced, and several related measures are defined: a new multicorrelation which satisfies a natural set of multivariate dependence measure axioms and $m$-multivariance which is a new dependence measure yielding tests for pairwise independence and independence of higher order. These tests are computationally feasible and under very mild moment conditions they are consistent against all alternatives. Moreover, a general visualization scheme for higher order dependencies is proposed. Many illustrative examples are included. All functions for the use of distance multivariance in applications are published in the R-package 'multivariance'.
Influence of temperature and food availability on the ecological energetics of the giant scallop Placopecten magellanicus : I. Growth rates of shell and somatic tissue

Giant scallops Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin) were collected at different water depths from locations in Newfoundland and New Brunswick. For various depths at 2 sites (Sunnyside and Colinet), monthly measurements were made for 2Y2 yr of water temperature, chlorophyll, energy content of seston, and size-frequency distribution of particulate matter. Somatic and shell growth rates for scallops from several sites in eastern Canada were compared using polynomial regression techniques and/or Von Bertalanffy equations. Faster shell growth and more pronounced somatic growth were recorded for populations growing under the more favourable conditions of food and temperature associated with shallow water, although localized conditions may obscure any general trend.
Effect of spontaneous activity at the old age on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in lrt and hrt rats

Mira Romo (2017). Effect of spontaneous activity at the old age on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in LRT and HRT rats. Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Master’s thesis in exercise physiology, 61 pp Physical activity is beneficial for brain health and it increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis. The response to physical activity depends partly on genetic factors and due to that, is individual. The aim of this thesis was to examine the spontaneous activity of selectively bred rat lines and the effects of exercising on brain health when activity is started after a long period of being inactive. The age of the rats used in this study correspond with the human age of approximately 45 years. The rats differ with their responsiveness to exercise and have either high or low responsiveness. Further, the correlation between spontaneous activity and adult hippocampal neurogenesis was examined. The rats (N=79) were divided to two study groups, rats in the second group had running wheels in their cages. Rats’ spontaneous activity was analyzed according to sex, line and study group. Spontaneous activity was measured by using ground reaction force plates. According to the results, the rats are more active during night and dusk and the female rats are remarkably more active than male rats. The females are more active throughout the day. There was no statistical difference in the activity between lines, even though rats with high responsiveness appeared to be more active. Against hypothesis, the spontaneous activity did not correlate with hippocampal neurogenesis and neurogenesis was not more present in HRT rats.