Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accuracy, precision, and error in age estimation of Florida manatees using growth layer groups in earbones

Ages of Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) can be estimated by counting annual growth layer groups (GLGs) in the periotic dome portion of the tympanoperiotic complex of their earbones. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission manages an archive of more than 8,700 Florida manatee earbones collected from salvaged carcasses from 1989 to 2017. Our goal was to comprehensively evaluate techniques used to estimate age, given this large sample size and changes to processing protocols and earbone readers over time. We developed new standards for estimating ages from earbones, involving two independent readers to obtain measurements of within- and between-reader precision. To quantify accuracy, precision, and error, 111 earbones from manatees with approximately known ages (first known as calves: “KAC”) and 69 earbones from manatees with minimum known ages (“MKA,” based on photo-identification sighting histories) were processed, and their ages were estimated. There was greater precision within readers (coefficient of variation, CV: 2.4–8.5%) than between readers (CV: 13.1–13.3%). The median of age estimates fell within the true age range for 63.1% of KAC cases and was at least the sighting duration for 75.0% of MKA cases. Age estimates were generally unbiased, as indicated by an average raw error ± SD of –0.05 ± 3.05 years for the KAC group. The absolute error (i.e., absolute value of raw error) of the KAC data set averaged 1.75 ± 2.50 years. Accuracy decreased and error increased with increasing known age, especially for animals over 15 years old, whose ages were mostly underestimated due to increasing levels of resorption (the process of bone turnover that obscures GLGs). Understanding the degree of uncertainty in age estimates will help us assess the utility of age data in manatee population models. We emphasize the importance of standardizing and routinely reviewing age estimation and processing protocols to ensure that age data remain consistent and reliable.
Natural transposable element insertions drive expression changes in genes underlying Drosophila immune response

ABSTRACT Variation in gene expression underlies inter-individual variability in immune response. However, the mutations responsible for gene expression changes remain largely unknown. In this work, we searched for transposable element insertions present at high population frequencies and located nearby immune-related genes in Drosophila melanogaster. We identified 12 insertions associated with allele-specific expression changes in immune-related genes. We showed that transgenically induced expression changes in most of these genes are associated with differences in survival to infection with the gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas entomophila. We provide experimental evidence suggesting a causal role for five insertions in the allele-specific expression changes observed. Furthermore, for two insertions we found a significant association with increased tolerance to bacterial infection. Our results showed for the first time that polymorphic transposable element insertions from different families drive expression changes in genes that are relevant for inter-individual differences in immune response.
The Mammographic Image Analysis Society digital mammogram database

A clamp or grip for heavy duty work with twisted wire cables and the like, such as in marine and industrial uses and especially where reasonably easy application of the cable grip to the cable is important and undue bending moments on the heavy cables are to be avoided. The feature of a removable jaw is coupled with dual link bar structure for the jaws without sacrificing strength and with a considerable reduction in overall weight of the clamp as compared to presently available equipment, this being accomplished in part by elimination of a frame as such and providing the principal jaw with a slotted stabilizing arm having a sliding connection with a unique hanger bar, which latter is designed to be connected to the lift hook of a crane or the like.
NFBLab—A Versatile Software for Neurofeedback and Brain-Computer Interface Research

Neurofeedback (NFB) is a real-time paradigm, where subjects learn to volitionally modulate their own brain activity recorded with electroencephalographic (EEG), magnetoencephalographic (MEG) or other functional brain imaging techniques and presented to them via one of sensory modalities: visual, auditory or tactile. NFB has been proposed as an approach to treat neurological conditions and augment brain functions. Although the early NFB studies date back nearly six decades ago, there is still much debate regarding the efficiency of this approach and the ways it should be implemented. Partly, the existing controversy is due to suboptimal conditions under which the NFB training is undertaken. Therefore, new experimental tools attempting to provide optimal or close to optimal training conditions are needed to further exploration of NFB paradigms and comparison of their effects across subjects and training days. To this end, we have developed open-source NFBLab, a versatile, Python-based software for conducting NFB experiments with completely reproducible paradigms and low-latency feedback presentation. Complex experimental protocols can be configured using the GUI and saved in NFBLab's internal XML-based language that describes signal processing tracts, experimental blocks and sequences including randomization of experimental blocks. NFBLab implements interactive modules that enable individualized EEG/MEG signal processing tracts specification using spatial and temporal filters for feature selection and artifacts removal. NFBLab supports direct interfacing to MNE-Python software to facilitate source-space NFB based on individual head models and properly tailored individual inverse solvers. In addition to the standard algorithms for extraction of brain rhythms dynamics from EEG and MEG data, NFBLab implements several novel in-house signal processing algorithms that afford significant reduction in latency of feedback presentation and may potentially improve training effects. The software also supports several standard BCI paradigms. To interface with external data acquisition devices NFBLab employs Lab Streaming Layer protocol supported by the majority of EEG vendors. MEG devices are interfaced through the Fieldtrip buffer.
Surface Ocean Dispersion Observations From the Ship-Tethered Aerostat Remote Sensing System

Oil slicks and sheens reside at the air-sea interface, a region of the ocean that is notoriously difficult to measure and, therefore, little is known about the velocity field at the sea surface. The Ship-Tethered Aerostat Remote Sensing System (STARSS) was developed to measure Lagrangian velocities at the air-sea interface by tracking the transport and dispersion of hundreds of drift cards in the field of view of a high-resolution aerial imaging system. The camera had a field of view of approximately 300 m X 200 m and images were obtained every 15 seconds over periods of up to 3 hours during a series of experiments in the northern Gulf of Mexico in January-February 2016. STARSS was equipped with a GPS and inertial navigation system (INS) that was used to directly georectify the aerial images. A relative rectification technique was developed that translates and rotates the drift cards to minimize the total movement of all drift cards from one frame to the next. Rectified drift card positions were used to quantify scale-dependent dispersion by computing relative dispersion, relative diffusivity, and velocity structure functions. STARSS was part of a nested observational framework, which included deployments of large numbers of GPS-tracked surface drifters from two ships, in situ ocean measurements, and X-band radar observations of surface currents. STARSS operations were supported by weather forecasts from a high-resolution coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean model. Here we describe the STARSS system and image analysis techniques, and present results from an experiment that was conducted on a density front. To the best of our knowledge, these observations are the first of their kind and STARSS-like observations can be adopted into existing and planned oceanographic campaigns to produce a step-change in our understanding of small-scale and high-frequency variability at the air-sea interface.
Prevalence and associated factors of antenatal depression in post-conflict Rwanda: Implications for nurse midwifery policy and practice

Author(s): Millar, Kathryn Rae | Advisor(s): McLemore, Monica R | Abstract: Background: In low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs), 16% of pregnant and 20% of postpartum women experience common maternal mental health disorders, far surpassing global rates of 10% and 13%, respectively. Maternal depression is associated with poor perinatal outcomes, including maternal, newborn, and early childhood outcomes. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was recently validated in Rwanda, yet maternal depression prevalence and associated factors are unknown.Objectives: The primary objectives of the study are to describe antenatal depression prevalence and its associated factors.Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the Preterm Birth Initiative-Rwanda randomized controlled trial of group antenatal care (ANC) data obtained between June 2017 – June 2018. Thirty-four health centers in five districts were selected. At each health center, convenience sampling was used to ascertain EPDS scores from the first five women to present for initial ANC each calendar month. A cut-off EPDS score of ≥13 was used to define maternal depression. Multi-level simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to explore associated factors of antenatal depression. The study obtained informed consent and was approved by the Rwanda National Ethics Committee and the University of California, San Francisco institutional review board.Results: Twenty-percent of women in the antenatal period screened positive for depression. In the adjusted multi-level multiple logistic regression model, family social support, age, ability to communicate with partner, and perceived stress were significantly associated with antenatal depression.Conclusions: Antenatal and postpartum depression prevalence in Rwanda exceeds LLMIC averages. The authors recommend universal depression screening and treatment for pregnant and postpartum women.
Text and corpus analysis

List of Figures, Concordances and Tables. Acknowledgements. Data Conventions and Terminology. Notes on Corpus Data and Software. Part I: Concepts and History:. 1. Texts and Text Types. 2. British Traditions in Text Analysis: Firth, Halliday and Sinclair. 3. Institutional Linguistics: Firth, Hill and Giddens. Part II: Text and Corpus Analysis:. 4. Baden--Powell: A Comparative Analysis of Two Short Texts. 5. Judging the Facts: An Analysis of One Text in its Institutional Context. 6. Human and Inhuman Geography: A Comparative Analysis of Two Long Texts and a Corpus. 7. Keywords, Collocations and Culture: The Analysis of Word Meanings across Corpora. 8. Towards a Modal Grammar of English: A Matter of Prolonged Fieldwork. 9. The Classic Questions. Notes. References. Name Index. Subject Index.
Additional prognostic value of OncoMasTR multigene prognostic signature to clinicopathological information in patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative, lymph node-negative breast cancer from the TAILORx Tissue Bank, Ireland.

535 Background: Multigene prognostic signatures (MGPS) can identify early stage breast cancer patients who may require less aggressive treatment. To be clinically useful, MGPSs must provide additional prognostic information to clinicopathological information routinely used by clinicians. The OncoMasTR MGPS was discovered via a novel bioinformatic transcriptional network analysis. OncoMasTR consists of genes – Master Transcription Regulators (MTRs) – that regulate previously known prognostic genes and have identified functional roles in several hallmarks of cancer including proliferation, invasion and metastasis. The OncoMasTR Molecular Score (OM) consists of just 3 MTRs. The OncoMasTR Risk Score (OncoMasTR) combines OM with lymph node status and tumour size, and categorises patients as low or high risk. The OncoMasTR Test has been analytically and clinically validated. Methods: MTR expression was measured by RT-qPCR in tissue from 404 patients enrolled in an independent translational trial (NCT02050750) that collected tissue and clinical data from patients enrolled in TAILORx in Ireland. OM, OncoMasTR and Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS) were compared on the additional prognostic value they provided to Ki67, Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) and other clinicopathological information for distant recurrence (DR) and invasive disease (ID). Results: OM (LRχ2 = 20.3, p < 0.00001, c-index = 0.84) and OncoMasTR (LRχ2 = 22.6, p < 0.00001, c-index = 0.85) were significantly prognostic, and more prognostic than RS (LRχ2 = 8.4, p = 0.004, c-index = 0.73) for DR. OM and OncoMasTR provided more additional prognostic information than RS to Ki67, NPI, tumour size, tumour grade, and age for DR. Similar results were found when OM, OncoMasTR and RS were compared on prognostic performance for ID. Conclusions: OM and OncoMasTR were significantly prognostic for DR and ID and added significant prognostic value to Ki67, NPI, and other clinicopathological information. Furthermore, OM and OncoMasTR showed superior prognostic performance to RS.
Abiotic and Anthropogenic Factors Affecting the Distribution of Four Sympatric Large Herbivores on the Mole National Park, Ghana

The impact of abiotic and anthropogenic factors on the distributions of buffalo ( Syncerus caffer ), harte­beest ( Alcelaphus buselaphus ), roan antelope ( Hippotragus equinus ) and waterbuck ( Kobus defassa ) at Mole National Park was assessed by transect survey. Generalized linear mixed effects logistic re­gression was used to model mammal presence/absence as a function of ecological factors. Hartebeest inhabited highlands and avoided floodplains but buffalo and roan avoided floodplains by selecting both lowlands and highlands while waterbuck inhabited lowlands but not necessarily the floodplains. Fire, water availability and anthropogenic activities were limiting factors, which constrained habitat use to make some areas unexplored for foraging. Buffalo, roan and hartebeest did not inhabit areas close to the park’s boundaries. Herbivores need optimal environment almost free of constraints to construct their distribution patterns. Therefore, management should address the problems identified in this study to ensure the herbivores’ redistribution to maximise their use of resources for their effective conservation.
The Acute Effects of Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Short-Term Memory in College Students

Purpose: To analyze the acute effects that exercise has on short-term memory. Methods: Subjects (n=24) were Liberty University students ages 18-24 that were classified as low-risk by ACSM standards. Testing was performed on two, nonconsecutive days. The first day, subjects performed a 1.5-mile run at their own pace, from which VO2max was calculated. The second day, subjects were administered three versions of a memory test comprised of a modified Reys Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the Immediate Memory (IMMED) and Concentration (CONC) portions of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool Version 5 (SCAT5). The first version was administered at the beginning of the testing session. The second was given immediately after the subject exercised for 10 minutes at 50% of their pre-determined VO2max. The third was administered 30 minutes after exercise. Prior to each memory test, blood oxygen (O2) levels, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) were checked. Results: Results showed no significant relationship between changes in any of the physiological factors and changes in scores for the RAVLT and CONC tests. However, results did show a trend between changes in HR and changes in IMMED test scores, although this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Moderate intensity aerobic exercise does not appear to affect short-term auditory-verbal memory, immediate memory, or concentration performance. However, aerobic exercise may affect immediate memory if different exercise parameters are used. When considering the fatigue factor and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), the results may indicate that aerobic exercise at a higher intensity or longer duration could improve immediate memory performance. The results of this study could assist researchers in determining what exercise intensity and duration significantly benefits immediate memory.
Successful use of the Gamow Hyperbaric Bag in the treatment of altitude illness at Mount Everest

Descent, the definitive treatment of altitude illness, can be simulated through the use of a new medical device, the Gamow Hyperbaric Bag (Gamow Bag). The Gamow Bag was field tested on Mount Everest during the 1988 Wyoming Centennial Everest Expedition (WCEE). We report six cases of acute mountain sickness which were managed in part with the Gamow Bag. All of the patients presented with dyspnea, weakness, and headache. They were treated with combinations of the Gamow Bag, oxygen, and descent. The patients were in the Gamow Bag from 1 to 10 h. After treatment, three of the patients had complete resolution of their symptoms and later ascended to or above the altitude where they first became ill. The other three patients were able to continue descent without incident. The Gamow Bag is a useful device in the treatment of altitude illness.
Comparing perinatal outcomes for healthy pregnant women presenting at primary and tertiary settings in South Auckland: A retrospective cohort study

A Corresponding Author: annabel. farry@aut.ac. nz B Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand Background: Strong evidence supports the premise that many low-risk women and babies experience perinatal outcomes, in a free-standing, midwifery-led, primary level maternity unit (PMU) similar to, or better than, those of an obstetric-led tertiary level maternity hospital (TMH). Aim: The aim of this study was to identify whether place of birth affected measurable maternal and neonatal outcomes in a low-risk cohort within one New Zealand District Health Board. Method: We gathered the birth records of a retrospective cohort of low-risk women (n=4,207), who had birthed within two distinct environments, including one TMH and three PMUs. Comparison was made of three maternal outcomes: emergency caesarean section, acute postpartum admission to theatre/high dependency unit/intensive care unit (<12hr post birth) and postpartum haemorrhage (PPH; >500ml). Neonatal outcomes analysed were 5-min Apgar score <7 and acute neonatal admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU; <12hr post birth). Findings: Logistic regression of data revealed statistically significant associations between place of birth and the five perinatal outcomes. Low-risk women giving birth in one of the three PMUs had fewer emergency caesarean sections (OR 0.25, 95% CI, 0.157-0.339), PPHs (OR 0.692, 95% CI, 0.534-0.898), and acute postpartum admissions to theatre (OR 0.201, 95% CI, 0.102-0.398) than women giving birth in the TMH. Babies born to women at a PMU were less likely to experience a 5-min Apgar <7 (OR 0.313, 95% CI, 0.124-0.791) or acute neonatal admission to NICU (OR 0.492, 95% CI, 0.324-0.747) compared to babies of women of similar risk status, born in the TMH. Conclusion: Low-risk women birthing in PMUs in South Auckland, New Zealand, experienced a significant reduction in morbidity for themselves and their babies.
Swift Path Planning: Vehicle Localization by Visual Odometry Trajectory Tracking and Mapping

Accurate localization is the key component in intelligent vehicles for navigation. With the rapid development especially in urban area, the increasing high-rise buildings results in urban canyon and road network has become more complex. These affect the vehicle navigation performance particularly in the event of poor Global Positioning System (GPS) signal. Therefore, it is essential to develop a perceptive localization system to overcome this problem. This paper proposes a localization approach that exhibits the advantages of Visual Odometry (VO) in low-cost data fusion to reduce vehicle localization error and improve its response rate in path selection. The data used are sourced from camera as visual sensor, low-cost GPS and free digital map from OpenStreetMap. These data are fused by Particle filter (PF) where our method estimates the curvature similarity score of VO trajectory curve with candidate ways extracted from the map. We evaluate the robustness of our proposed approach with three types of GPS errors such as random noise, biased noise and GPS signal loss in an instance of ambiguous road decision. Our results show that this method is able to detect and select the correct path simultaneously which contributes to a swift path planning.
Introducing Multimedia Information Retrieval to libraries

The paper aims to introduce libraries to the view that operating within the terms of traditional Information Retrieval (IR), only through textual language, is limitative, and that considering broader criteria, as those of Multimedia Information Retrieval (MIR), is necessary. The paper stresses the story of MIR fundamental principles, from early years of questioning on documentation to today’s theories on semantic means. New issues for a LIS methodology of processing and searching multimedia documents are theoretically argued, introducing MIR as a holistic whole composed by content-based and semantic information retrieval methodologies. MIR offers a better information searching way: every kind of digital document can be analyzed and retrieved through the elements of language appropriate to its own nature. MIR approach directly handles the concrete content of documents, also considering semantic aspects. Paper conclusions remark the organic integration of the revolutionary contentual conception of information processing with an improved semantics conception, gathering and composing advantages of both systems for accessing to information.