Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amorphization strategy affects the stability and supersaturation profile of amorphous drug nanoparticles.

Amorphous drug nanoparticles have recently emerged as a promising bioavailability enhancement strategy of poorly soluble drugs attributed to the high supersaturation solubility generated by the amorphous state and fast dissolution afforded by the nanoparticles. Herein we examine the effects of two amorphization strategies in the nanoscale, i.e., (1) molecular mobility restrictions and (2) high energy surface occupation, both by polymer excipient stabilizers, on the (i) morphology, (ii) colloidal stability, (iii) drug loading, (iv) amorphous state stability after three-month storage, and (v) in vitro supersaturation profiles, using itraconazole (ITZ) as the model drug. Drug-polyelectrolyte complexation is employed in the first strategy to prepare amorphous ITZ nanoparticles using dextran sulfate as the polyelectrolyte (ITZ nanoplex), while the second strategy employs pH-shift precipitation using hydroxypropylmethylcellulose as the surface stabilizer (nano-ITZ), with both strategies resulting in >90% ITZ utilization. Both amorphous ITZ nanoparticles share similar morphology (∼300 nm spheres) with the ITZ nanoplex exhibiting better colloidal stability, albeit at lower ITZ loading (65% versus 94%), due to the larger stabilizer amount used. The ITZ nanoplex also exhibits superior amorphous state stability, attributed to the ITZ molecular mobility restriction by electrostatic complexation with dextran sulfate. The higher stability, however, is obtained at the expense of slower supersaturation generation, which is maintained over a prolonged period, compared to the nano-ITZ. The present results signify the importance of selecting the optimal amorphization strategy, in addition to formulating the excipient stabilizers, to produce amorphous drug nanoparticles having the desired characteristics.
Training DCNN by Combining Max-Margin, Max-Correlation Objectives, and Correntropy Loss for Multilabel Image Classification

In this paper, we build a multilabel image classifier using a general deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). We propose a novel objective function that consists of three parts, i.e., max-margin objective, max-correlation objective, and correntropy loss. The max-margin objective explicitly enforces that the minimum score of positive labels must be larger than the maximum score of negative labels by a predefined margin, which not only improves accuracies of the multilabel classifier, but also eases the threshold determination. The max-correlation objective can make the DCNN model learn a latent semantic space, which maximizes the correlations between the feature vectors of the training samples and their corresponding ground-truth label vectors projected into this space. Instead of using the traditional softmax loss, we adopt the correntropy loss from the information theory field to minimize the training errors of the DCNN model. The proposed framework can be end-to-end trained. Comprehensive experimental evaluations on Pascal VOC 2007 and MIR Flickr 25K multilabel benchmark data sets with four DCNN models, i.e., AlexNet, VGG-16, GoogLeNet, and ResNet demonstrate that the proposed objective function can remarkably improve the performance accuracies of a DCNN model for the task of multilabel image classification.
Modeling Quality Attribute Variability

Due to the emerging service orientation of software architectures, the importance of quality aspects and the ability to manage the changing quality requirements of a service have raised the question of how to explicitly define quality requirements and how to assure that quality requirements are defined and handled in the same way by all developers involved in the development of the service. The contribution of this paper is a novel approach, which allows to define metrics for quality attributes as quality ontologies, to specify execution qualities as quality profiles according to a quality variability model and quality ontologies, and to model quality properties as an integrated part of software architecture. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) and its extension mechanisms are used for defining quality profiles. The approach is applied to reliability and security modeling and supported by an integrated tool chain developed on top of the Eclipse
On time-domain use of the cylindrical wave approach

Interaction of an un ultra-wideband source with buried cylinders is solved with a time-domain formulation of the Cylindrical Wave Approach. The pulsed excitation typical of remote sensing with the Ground Penetrating Radar can be implemented, i.e., the Gaussian monocycle or Gaussian doublet waveforms. The analysis is developed in the frequency domain, and spectra of the scattered field contributions are found. Time-domain waveforms are reconstructed with an inverse Fast Fourier Transform. Results are plotted as the typical A-scan or B-scan radargrams of the Ground Penetrating Radar technique.
Highly efficient coupling between two planar waveguides with different refractive index profiles by using nonlinear cladding

An efficient butt-joined coupling scheme between single-mode planar waveguides with different refractive index profiles is proposed. The configuration consists of a tapered waveguide with nonlinear cladding. Power dependent coupling efficiency of the configuration is analyzed by the beam propagation method. The numerical results show that this configuration has high-coupling efficiency and is less sensitive to the offset between coupled waveguides if the input power is properly selected. <<ETX>>
Electron microscopic studies on the identification of secretory granules in the parathyroid gland of several animals by means of acid phosphatase reaction.

The acid phosphatase activity in the parathyroid of mice, rats, dogs and newts was observed by electron microscopy to distinguish mature secretory granules from lysosomal dense bodies.In the parenchymal cell reactive and non-reactive granules were both present. Most of the non-reactive granules were membrane-bounded, electron moderately dense to highly dense, round, homogeneous bodies with a finely particulate texture. Such granules were similar in fine structure to so-called prosecretory granules in the Golgi area and were concluded to be mature secretory granules. Some other non-reactive granules, including both vacuoles with a finely granular content and so-called multivesicular bodies, were thought to originate from secretory granules.The maximum size of these mature secretory granules was different in various animal species and reached 0. 7μ in mice, rats, and newts, whereas 0. 5μ in dogs.In newts, gradual transformation of secretory granules, especially tubule-containing granules, into lysosomes was indicated.
Analysing the benefits of laparoscopic hernia repair compared to open repair: A meta-analysis of observational studies

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to compare the difference of incidence of post-operative complications, operative time, length of stay and recurrence of patients undergoing laparoscopic or open repair of their ventral/incisional hernia a meta-analytic technique for observational studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was performed using Medline, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases for studies reported between 1998 and 2009 comparing laparoscopic and open surgery for the treatment of ventral (incisional) hernia. This meta-analysis of all the observational studies compared the post-operative complications recurrence rate and length of stay. The random effects model was used. Sensitivity and heterogeneity were analysed. RESULTS: Analysis of 15 observational studies comprising 2452 patients qualified for meta-analysis according to the study's inclusion criteria. Laparoscopic surgery was attempted in 1067 out of 2452. The results showed that the length of stay (odds ratio [OR], – 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], – 1.09 to – 0.91; P < 0.00001) and operative time (OR, 59.33; 95% CI, 58.55 to 60.11; P < 0.00001) was significantly lower in the laparoscopic group. The results also showed that there was a significant reduction in the formation of abscesses (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.92; P = 0.03) and wound infections (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.82; P = 0.007) post-operatively. There is a trend which indicates that the recurrence of the hernia using laparoscopic repair versus open repair was overall lower with the laparoscopic repair (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.22 to 1.04; P = 0.06), however, this was not significant. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair was associated with a reduced length of stay, operative time and lower incidence of abscess and wound infection post-operatively. This study also highlights the benefit of using observational studies as a form of research and its value as a tool in answering questions where large sample sizes of patient groups would be impossible to accumulate in a reasonable length of time.
Infant stress and parent responsiveness: regulation of physiology and behavior during still-face and reunion.

This study examined infant response and recovery from a social challenge and parent responses. Behavioral and physiological responses were measured from forty-three 5- and 6-month-olds infants during a modified still-face procedure that used an additional still-face reunion sequence. Results confirm the hypothesis that infants of more responsive parents show more regulation than infants of less responsive parents. Infants of more responsive parents showed greater regulation of heart rate and negative affect during the final episode of the procedure than infants of less responsive parents. In addition, this procedure elicited a cortisol response (from .22 microg/dl to .31 microg/dl). Findings suggest important links between parent behavior and infant stress reactivity and regulation.
Understanding Child Feeding Practices of Vietnamese Mothers

PurposeTo understand the feeding practices, knowledge, and nutritional beliefs of Vietnamese mothers with young children who are recent immigrants to the United States. Study Design and MethodsExploratory, descriptive study using a focus group design to provide qualitative data. Twelve Vietnamese mothers of children under the age of 5 years participated in a 1-hour focus group discussion (in Vietnamese) facilitated by a Vietnamese nutritionist and the principal investigator. ResultsThe study participants identified that breastfeeding is healthier for babies than formula but reported the difficulty in maintaining breastfeeding due to work and family constraints. A traditional Vietnamese diet of meat or fish with soup broth, vegetables, and rice was the preferred and healthiest diet for children under the age of 6 years. There was consensus in the group that “junk food” and inactivity were unhealthy for children and led to overweight and obesity. Several of the group participants verbalized difficulty in maintaining a healthy diet for their children because the children demanded unhealthy food choices, and their work schedules made it difficult to make sure their children were getting adequate exercise. Clinical ImplicationsThis knowledge can be used by nurses to develop culturally appropriate interventions for immigrants from Vietnam aimed at preventing childhood obesity. Interventions that consider the effects of acculturation could be more effective when targeted to parents of young children than interventions focused on treatment of obesity in later years.
Relaxin-1-deficient mice develop an age-related progression of renal fibrosis.

BACKGROUND Relaxin (RLX) is a peptide hormone that stimulates the breakdown of collagen in preparation for parturition and when administered to various models of induced fibrosis. However, its significance in the aging kidney is yet to be established. In this study, we compared structural and functional changes in the kidney of aging relaxin-1 (RLX-/-) deficient mice and normal (RLX+/+) mice. METHODS The kidney cortex and medulla of male and female RLX+/+ and RLX-/- mice at various ages were analyzed for collagen content, concentration, and types. Histologic analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of relaxin and relaxin receptor mRNA expression, receptor autoradiography, glomerular isolation/analysis, and serum/urine analysis were also employed. Relaxin treatment of RLX-/- mice was used to confirm the antifibrotic effects of the peptide. RESULTS We demonstrate an age-related progression of renal fibrosis in male, but not female, RLX-/- mice with significantly (P < 0.05) increased tissue dry weight, collagen (type I) content and concentration. The increased collagen expression in the kidney was associated with increased glomerular matrix and to a lesser extent, interstitial fibrosis in RLX-/- mice, which also had significantly increased serum creatinine (P < 0.05) and urinary protein (P < 0.05). Treatment of RLX-/- mice with relaxin in established stages of renal fibrosis resulted in the reversal of collagen deposition. CONCLUSION This study supports the concept that relaxin may provide a means to regulate excessive collagen deposition during kidney development and in diseased states characterized by renal fibrosis.
Performance Analysis of Next Generation High Capacity Ultra Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (UDWDM) Based on Inter-Satellite Optical Wireless Communication (OWC)

In this paper, high capacity inter satellite Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) system using different modulation for upstream and downstream is presented. The propose system is achieve by using 64 channels with Ultra Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (UDWDM) by different methods. Ultra dense wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (UDWDM PON) based on Carrier Suppressed Return to Zero (CSRZ) format for downstream and Amplitude Modulation (AM) format for upstream. The inter satellite link at 20 GB/s with channel spacing 25GHz and input power 20 dBm, covered the distance up to 15000km. To shows the good performance of the proposed system, its eye diagram, optical spectrum and Q factor are shown. The analyze system will be highly useful for present and next generation optical communication between satellite. The overall system is design without amplifier which shows advantage for the network. A wavelength reused scheme is used to carry the upstream data by Amplitude Modulation (AM) at the Optical Network Unit (ONU). The downlink 20Gbps signal can achieve a Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of 1.368×e -013 and Q factor should be 7.30517. The uplink 20Gbps signal can achieve a Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of 1.2406×e - 011 and Quality factor should be 6.67337. We evaluate the performance of the network in terms of Bit Error Rate, coverage area and obtain a network with an excellent access property .
In-Situ Raman Spectroscopic Surface Stress Measurement of Single Crystal Silicon Microstructures Subjected to Uniaxial Tensile Loading

This paper describes Raman spectroscopic stress analysis of single crystal silicon (SCS) microstructures for development of reliability evaluation technique utilized for silicon-based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). An in-house tensile tester was employed to apply a uniaxial tensile stress to the SCS specimen with a 270 nm-height, 4 mum-square SCS boss in the gauge section. Raman spectra on the boss were obtained under a constant tensile stress applied. The stress distribution obtained from two-curve fitting of Raman spectrum was in good agreement with that estimated by finite element analysis (FEA). The Raman spectroscopic stress evaluation method would be effective for nondestructive reliability testing for silicon-MEMS.
A supplementary system based on wireless accelerometer network for rehabilitation

This paper presents a supplementary system for rehabilitation, which is based on the wireless accelerometer network and integrates with remote monitoring and cross-platform intelligent terminal. System features are analyzed, and then hardware, software and different platforms are discussed and developed. Two tested cases are presented. One is for rehabilitation training of a patient with elbow ligament injury, and the other for a hemiplegic patient. Results show that our developed WSN based system has many great advantages over the traditional counterpart for rehabilitation of the patients.
Fast Discovery of Unique and Minimal Data Patterns

In this paper we introduce a new algorithm for finding all unique and minimal combinations of k attributes within a data set. On realistic data sets this algorithm is demonstrated to be up to 35 times faster than the state of the art. One important application of this algorithm is to find quasi-identifiers in the context of privacy preserving data publishing. A quasi-identifier refers to a subset of attribute values that can uniquely identify one or more entries in a data set and so can potentially be used for re-identification attacks. For example, the seminal study of Sweeney [Sweeney 2002] showed that 87% of the US population are uniquely identified by the three attributes gender, zip code and full date of birth and demonstrated the use of this fact to de-anonymise published health data. With this kind of high-profile attack in mind, due diligence on a new data set prior to publication now commonly requires identifying the combinations of attributes which are unique within the data. This basic first step then allows potential risks to be highlighted and targets for anonymisation identified. Other potential applications include bioinfomatics [Cong et al. 2004; Ordonez et al. 2006], fraud detection [Snchez et al. 2009] and network intrusion [Rahman et al. 2008]. However, searching for unique combinations of attributes is known to be NP-hard [Motwani and Xu 2007], and for realistically sized data sets the long computation times with state of the art algorithms mean that resort may need to be made to approximate sampling approaches with associated increase in risk. It is the need for reasonable processing times while avoiding this risk that originally motivated the development of the algorithm introduced here. The main contributions of the paper are as follows. Firstly, the introduction of a new algorithm for minimal unique itsemset mining, in both sequential and parallel form. Secondly, the derivation of a number of analytic results relating to the properties of minimal unique itemsets – it is these results that underpin the new algorithm and allow the removal of important performance bottlenecks. The basic insight is that by adopting a breadth-first approach it is possible to completely avoid having to scan the (large) dataset in order to carry out support row testing for candidate itemsets. The resulting speedup in execution time comes at the cost of much higher memory usage. However, since available memory size continues to grow year on year while processor speed has largely stagnated in many practical applications this trade-off of memory for speed can be favourable. Thirdly, experimental measurements are presented evaluating the performance of the proposed algorithm on a range of synthetic and application datasets, and comparing this to the popular algorithm MINIT [Haglin and Manning 2007] and the recently proposed algorithm MIWI Miner [Cagliero and P.Garza 2013].
Nosocomial Endocarditis

Abstract We analyzed 14 cases of nosocomial infective endocarditis which occurred over a seven-year period at the Beth Israel Hospital in Boston, and compared them with 90 cases of community-acquired endocarditis. Patients with nosocomial endocarditis were older, more often female, and had a greater incidence of underlying valvular heart disease and bacteremia precipitating invasive procedures (93% v 50%, P < .05). Forty-three percent of patients had infection at the site of prosthetic valves or intracardiac prosthetic material. The disease carried a significantly higher mortality than community-acquired endocarditis (43% v 11%, P < .01). The clinical presentation was acute and the infecting organisms reflected the site of origin of bacteremia, with staphylococci from skin and enterococci from urinary sources. Half of the cases in this series may have been prevented by the application of currently recommended preventive and therapeutic practices. Nosocomial endocarditis occurs in a definable sub-population of hospitalized patients and is potentially preventable.
Improved Immunohistochemical Method for Detecting Hypoxia Gradients in Mouse Tissues and Tumors

We describe an improved immunohistochemical procedure for detecting regions of hypoxia in normal organs and tumors in mice. The method employs a primary fluorescein-conjugated mouse monoclonal antibody directed against pimonidazole protein adducts that are created in hypoxic tissues and a secondary mouse anti-fluorescein antibody that is conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Using these reagents, we clearly visualized the regions of relative hypoxia in implanted tumors in mice as well as in normal organs such as liver and kidney. Significantly, the resulting tissue sections were remarkably free of the background staining that is characteristically observed when rodent antibodies are used to detect antigens in rodent tissues.
Automatic Segmentation and Summarization of Meeting Speech

AMI Meeting Facilitator is a system that performs topic segmentation and extractive summarisation. It consists of three components: (1) a segmenter that divides a meeting into a number of locally coherent segments, (2) a summarizer that selects the most important utterances from the meeting transcripts, and (3) a compression component that removes the less important words from each utterance based on the degree of compression the user specified. The goal of the AMI Meeting Facilitator is two-fold: first, we want to provide sufficient visual aids for users to interpret what is going on in a recorded meeting; second, we want to support the development of downstream information retrieval and information extraction modules with the information about the topics and summaries in meeting segments.
A graph spectral approach to shape-from-shading

This paper describes a graph-spectral method for shape-from-shading. The algorithm takes as its input a field of initial surface normal estimates computed using the Lambertian irradiance cone and the Canny edge gradient. We illustrate how to refine this field of surface normals using a graph-spectral method. From the initial field of surface normals we make curvature estimates. The curvature estimates are in turn used to compute a transition probability matrix. From the theory of random walks on graphs, the leading eigenvector of this matrix is a curvature minimising path through the field of surface normals. We impose curvature consistency on the initially noisy field of surface normals by rotating them about their irradiance cones so that they follow the path defined by the leading eigenvector. This method is applied to a variety of real-world images and is shown to lead to improved surface reconstruction.