Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of load on agonist and antagonist muscle moments during dynamic squats

More than simply increasing the activity of muscles, cocontraction has been reported to enhance movement accuracy as well as joint stability. Due to the indeterminacy associated to the estimation of agonist and antagonist moments, most of the studies regarding cocontraction are based upon EMG analysis, leading to possible meaningless results because of EMG artifacts, especially in dynamic conditions. To better understand the role of co-contraction during human movement, the aim of the present study is to investigate how load influence the co-activation of agonist and antagonist moments at the knee during dynamic half squats.
Some Early Historical Aspects of Project Sanguine

Early extremely low-frequency (ELF) research and the implementation of Project Sanguine to meet the Navy's need for secure transmission to submerged fleet ballistic missile (FBM) submarines are outlined. The 1963 "Intensive Test," which proved the feasibility of ELF reception by a submarine at operational depths, is highlighted.
Self-scanned silicon image detector arrays

The basic principle of operation of each bit in a matrix of image detectors is described, together with the derivation of appropriate operating formulas. The necessary circuitry to make a functional two-dimensional array is also described, including the scanning circuitry integrally constructed with the photodetector matrix. The necessary design considerations for operation of the matrix are discussed in the context of the currently operating 10-by-10 array. Extension of the principles to larger arrays is outlined in the two modes of array scanning considered, with special reference to spatial noise problems. The paper concludes with reference to other applications of the basic principle, such as card reading.
Analysis of Lossy Transmission Lines with Arbitrary Nonlinear Terminal Networks

A novel method for transient analysis of Iossy transmission lines with arbitrary nonlinear terminal networks is presented. The uniqueness of this approach is that we develop time-domain Green's functions for the multiport transmission-line systems by terminating the ports in quasi-matched loads. This ensures Green's functions of a short duration. Hence, the amount of frequency-domain data necessary to obtain time-domain Green's functions is modest. These Green's functions are then convolved with the line port voltages. With this technique one can analyze responses of multiconductor transmission lines with arbitrary nonlinear loads (even with memory) as we have at any instant of time Thevenin's equivalent of the linear portion of the system. An example is presented to illustrate the application of this technique to multiconductor nonlinearly loaded transmission lines.
Full-genome sequencing of the Staphylococcus warneri strain isolated from oil-contaminated soil

: Bacterial consortium bioremediation presents itself a promising approach to the treatment water, soil and the atmosphere for pollution by oil and its derivatives. In the territory of the Romashkinskoye oil field, Republic of Tatarstan, various decomposers were isolated from oil-contaminated black soil, including three that demonstrated oil resistance and ability to produce biosurfactants. The genome sequencing of the Staphylococcus warneri strain isolated in a consortium of decomposers was performed on the MiSeq Illumina platform. The average content of GC pairs in the genome comprised 32.7 %. Genome annotation was performed using the RAST server. The SEED viewer was applied for subsystem category distribution of predicted genes. The sequenced genome of Staphylococcus warneri strain was identified as containing 2535 protein coding sequences. The majority of annotated genes govern the synthesis of amino acids and their derivatives (255), carbohydrate (195) and protein metabolism (167), cofactors, vitamins, prosthetic groups and pigmented formations (87), nucleosides and nucleotides (78), fatty acid metabolism, lipids and isoprenoids (55), as well as DNA metabolism (68). The full-genome sequencing and genome annotation of the Staphylococcus warneri strain confirmed its hydrocarbon-oxidising properties. The yddN and yceB genes of uncharacterised proteins were identified as similar to alkanal monooxygenases likely to be involved in the biodegradation of alkanes. The three genes detected in this strain code the catechol-2,3-dioxygenase, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase and salicylate-1-monooxygenase enzymes involved in the biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. The obtained genome sequence data help to provide a better understanding of the process of hydrocarbon degradation (absorption) by the Staphylococcus warneri strain and its role in the bacterial consortium.
Response to Cox Letter: “Miscommunicating Risk, Uncertainty, and Causation: Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality Risk as an Example”

In his critique of our article, Dr. Cox makes a strong assertion: my co-authors and I have miscommunicated the level of uncertainty in our analysis by failing to account explicitly for the possibility that there is no causal relationship between PM2.5 exposure and premature death—thereby undermining our key claim that PM2.5 continues to pose a burden to public health. (1,2) We disagree. We argue here that: (1) there is an expert consensus opinion that there exists a causal relationship between PM2.5 exposure and premature death; (2) the evidence Dr. Cox offers in support of his view of causality is insufficient; and (3) quantifying the PM2.5 mortality burden by applying risk coefficients that incorporate varying degrees of certainty regarding causality in fact strengthens our conclusion that “recent levels of PM2.5 . pose a nontrivial risk to public health. ” (3) In its synthesis of the clinical, toxicological, and epidemiological evidence regarding long-term PM2.5 exposure and the risk of premature mortality, the U.S. EPA noted in its Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) that “[c]ollectively, the evidence is sufficient to conclude that a causal relationship exists between long-term exposures to PM2.5 and mortality” (bold in original). (4) This statement reflects both the EPA’s understanding of the current state of the science as well as that of the independent Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee, comprised of expert health and exposure scientists. (5) In its recent synthesis scientific
Industrial applications of space charge measurement in Japan

Industrial applications of space charge measurement using the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method were introduced. The materials are not only insulating materials affected by internal charges but also new functional polymers that effectively use internal charges. Users of the space charge measurement have had the method advanced to obtain suitable experimental conditions for a variety of materials. The space charge research field has been continuously expanding in Japan, and there are still many prospective materials for space charge measurement specimens.
Feature Selection Methods for Mining Social Media

People can share their thoughts and opinion through Social Media which can easily widespread. So many public issues and political views are also discussed on social media. HIV/AIDS is also one of the important topics discussed. This work aims to classify HIV/AIDS related twitter data. Since the twitter data is highly dimensional, it is essential to do reduce dimensionality of the data to attain better classification results. Tweets are collected using keyword search and necessary preprocessing steps are carried out. Then feature extraction methods such as Bag of Words (BOW) model and TF-IDF are implemented. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) techniques are used for dimensionality reduction. Finally, classification is carried out and the results are discussed.
Indoor Room Location Estimation

240 Abstract—This paper will present an indoor location estimation system, especially to locate people or objects at room level. First of all a theoretical approach is given. Secondly, a practical case, using our own system, is presented. Our system is based on a wireless sensor network, using the communication standard ZigBee. Using the signpost algorithm and considering the behavior of the received signal strength (RSS) through walls, floors and ceilings, we succeeded in developing a reliable indoor room localization system.
Uncooled IR imager with 5-mK NEDT

The bi-material concept for room-temperature infrared imaging has the potential of reaching an NE(Delta) T approaching the theoretical limit because of its high responsivity and low noise. The approach, which is 100% compatible with silicon IC foundry processing, utilizes a novel combination of surface micromachining and conventional integrated circuits to produce a bimaterial thermally sensitive element that controls the position of a capacitive plate coupled to the input of a low noise MOS amplifier. This approach can achieve the high sensitivity, the low weight, and the low cost necessary for equipment such as helmet mounted IR viewers and IR rifle sights. The pixel design has the following benefits: (1) an order of magnitude improvement in NE(Delta) T due to extremely high sensitivity and low noise, (2) low cost due to 100% silicon IC compatibility, (3) high image quality and increased yield due to ability to do offset and sensitivity corrections on the imager, pixel-by-pixel; (4) no cryogenic cooler and no high vacuum processing; and (5) commercial applications such as law enforcement, home security, and transportation safety. Two designs are presented. One is a 50 micrometer pixel using silicon nitride as the thermal isolation element that can achieve 5 mK NE(Delta) T; the other is a 29 micrometer pixel using silicon carbide that provides much higher thermal isolation and can achieve 10 mK NE(Delta) T.
Effect of cone angle on the hydraulic characteristics of globe control valve

Globe control valve is widely used in chemical, petroleum and hydraulic industries, and its throttling feature is achieved by the adopting of valve plug. However, very limited information is available in literature regarding the influence of valve plug on the internal and external features in globe control valves. Thus the effect of valve plug is studied by CFD and experiment in this paper. It is obtained from external features that the pressure drop between upstream and downstream pressure-sampling position increases exponentially with flow rate. And for small valve opening, the increment of pressure drop decreases with the increase of cone angle (β). However, with the increase of valve opening, the effect of cone angle diminishes significantly. It is also found that the cone angle has little effect on flow coefficient (Cv) when the valve opening is larger than 70%. But for the cases less than 70%, Cv curve varies from an arc to a straight line. The variation of valve performance is caused by the change of internal flow. The results of internal flow show that cone angle has negligible effect on flow properties for the cases of valve opening larger than 70%. However, when valve opening is smaller than 70%, the pressure drop of orifice decreases with the increase of β, making the reduction in value and scope of the high speed zone around the conical surface of valve plug, and then results in a decreasing intensity of adjacent downstream vortex. Meanwhile, it is concluded from the results that the increase of cone angle will be beneficial for the anti-cavitation and anti-erosion of globe control valve. This paper focuses on the internal and external features of globe control valve that caused by the variation of cone angle, arriving at some results beneficial for the design and usage of globe control valve.
Loss Estimation of Tall Buildings Designed for the PEER Tall Building Initiative Project

As part of the PEER Center's Tall Building Initiative (TBI) project, practicing engineers designed three structural systems, each based on commonly used codes and guidelines, in addition to the guidelines developed by PEER. The designs were analyzed by three research teams, using a set of 75 ground-motion pairs, to predict response parameters for evaluating the performance of tall buildings. This study focuses on analytically estimating the seismic losses to these buildings to assess their relative seismic performance. The loss assessment process follows a comprehensive simulation approach that takes into account several random variables, such as building response, repair costs, etc. Throughout this study, epistemic and aleatory uncertainties in the random variables are accounted for in order to quantify those in loss estimates. Based on the dollar-loss results, the performance of the dual-system building is compared and contrasted with that of the other building systems considered in the PEER study.
Acceptable Illumination Levels for Office Occupants

This study examined the acceptable horizontal illumination levels in an office environment by interviewing 293 occupants about the visual environment being perceived in all classes of office buildings in Hong Kong. In particular, the measured horizontal illumination level (lux) in the offices was chosen as an indicator and correlated with the occupants' acceptability on a visual analogue assessment scale and a dichotomous assessment scale. The results showed that the occupants' acceptability was significantly influenced by the horizontal illumination level and was correlated with a logistic regression model. A satisfaction criterion of the lighting level was then evaluated from the frequency distribution of the occupants' response at certain horizontal illumination levels, and provided a measure to balance the occupants' acceptability and the energy consumption of the lighting system in the office area. In addition, the survey samples of the proposed criterion of visual comfort showed that an indoor environment with a horizontal illuminance of 518 lux would satisfy most of its occupants, corresponding to an overall satisfaction of 86%. This confirmed the design criterion (500 lux) generally adopted in current practice.
Classification of time–frequency images based on locality-constrained linear coding optimization model for rotating machinery fault diagnosis

Time–frequency images have been widely employed in vibration signal analysis in the field of rotating machinery fault diagnosis. Generally, global features such as gray statistic features and texture features, are extracted from time–frequency images for fault classification, but the effect is not satisfactory. The locality-constrained linear coding model based on local features has been successfully employed in image classification. This paper contributes to this ongoing investigation by developing a locality-constrained linear coding optimization model applied in time–frequency images classification for rotating machinery fault diagnosis. The classification accuracy and generalization of the locality-constrained linear coding model depend on the selection of pooling methods, values of pooling parameters, and penalization coefficient. In the optimization model, misclassification rate is chosen as an objective function, and an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to optimize the pooling parameters and penalization coefficient. The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is utilized to produce optimal solutions at the training stage, and then these solutions will be evaluated at the testing stage. The promise of the novel model is illustrated by performing our procedure on vibration signals from a rolling bearing with 16 health states. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed approach could obviously increase the classification accuracy.
Securely Compressive Sensing Using Double Random Phase Encoding

Recently, the weakness of existing compressive sensing process from the perspective of the chosen-plaintext attack is discovered. Some algorithms directly use Gaussian matrix as the measurement matrix to do linear dimension reduction projection, which will fail to resist chosen-plaintext attack. To enhance the security and performance of compressive sensing process, double random phase encoding based block compressive sensing is designed, which is chaos-based random phase encoding in fractional Fourier domain for each image block. Moreover, image encryption method using DRPE-based block compressive sensing-combined random phase encoding is proposed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed encryption method not only achieves high security level but also has better reconstruction quality compared with other existing encryption methods. Keywords: Securely compressive sensing, fractional Fourier transform, random phase encoding
Model Tests To Study Capsize and Stability of Sailing Multihulls

Sailing multihull cruising yachts cannot be righted from a capsize without external assistance, and so they present a difficult problem for regulatory authorities concerned with commercial operation of such craft. A standard is required which enables their stability to be assessed at a similar level to that of monohull yachts. Unfortunately their stability characteristics and behaviour are very different to those of monohulls, and the normal methods of assessment are not appropriate. Some aspects of multihull capsizing are addressed, with a discussion of the results of an innovative programme of wind tunnel and towing tank tests. It is hoped that the paper will be of assistance in directing others in their assessment of multihull safety, and will provide a technical basis for further discussion of the subject.
Control methods for automated testing of preventive pedestrian protection systems

Preventive pedestrian protection systems have significant potential to reduce the number of accidents with pedestrian involvement. However, owing to their high complexity new test methods have to be developed. The new safety functions are validated by means of driving tests reproducing safety-critical traffic situations with pedestrian involvement on a testing ground. This paper presents new control methods for the automated testing of preventive pedestrian protection systems. These include new control algorithms for automated lateral and longitudinal vehicle guidance as well as two different concepts for motion control of a pedestrian dummy. The presented measurement results confirm that the developed methods enable highly accurate and reproducible driving tests.
Roundness inspection strategies for machine visions using non-linear programs and genetic algorithms

This study proposes the inspection strategies of computational metrology for roundness measurement and roundness feasibility analysis with respect to ANSI Y14.5M-1994 standard. The roundness measurements are formulated as constrained non-linear programs, and optimization techniques are applied to locate the optimality. Through reformulating the geometric conditions and adding further constraints to the roundness measurement problems, the analysis of roundness inspection can be made by only investigating the feasibility of the constrained non-linear programs instead of advancing to the optimality. Two approaches of computational metrology based on genetic algorithms (GAs) are proposed to explore the optimality of roundness measurements and the roundness feasibility analysis, respectively. Finally, real data generated from machine visions and simulation data generated from analytical curves are used to test the proposed GA-based roundness assessment approaches. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithms are practical for on-line implementation to the roundness measurement and roundness feasibility analysis. Furthermore, the proposed computational strategy for the roundness feasibility analysis performs efficiently if the tolerance size is adequately specified and the process capability is stable.
AES implementation on a grain of sand

The authors present a hardware implementation of the advanced encryption standard (AES) which is optimised for low-resource requirements. The standard-cell implementation on a 0.35 µm CMOS process from Philips Semiconductors occupies an area of only 0.25 mm2. This compares roughly to 3400 gate equivalents or to the size of a small grain of sand. The authors believe that this size will serve for a long time as a reference for AES-128 implementations that support encryption and decryption including key setup. Their manufactured silicon implementation is fully operational. Measurements verified the excellent performance predicted by simulation. The maximum clock frequency of 80 MHz allows a data throughput rate of 9.9 Mbps. Besides low-resource optimisation, the circuit is optimised for low-power operation. For use in low-throughput applications, the AES module draws only a current of 3.0 µA when operated at 100 kHz and 1.5 V. This nearly ignorable power consumption in combination with the extreme area efficiency allows new fields of applications for AES which were beyond imagination before.
Deep-Well Infiltration in the North-Holland Dune Area

Abstract. The government's policy concerning the management of the dunes in the Netherlands on behalf of the interests of nature and environment is causing constraints for the waterworks of North-Holland located in the dunes at the North Sea coast. The existing artificial recharge systems consist mostly of ponds and open canals in which imported pretreated surface water is infiltrated to provide a reliable drinking-water supply in the province of North-Holland. Because the quality of the water, which is infiltrated by canals, has a negative influence on ecological values, the extension of this system will not be possible anymore. Many experiments in the past were done to provide a substitute with as good a performance for the drinking-water supply as the shallow infiltration systems but without negative impacts on nature. One of these alternatives is deep-well infiltration: instead of infiltrating by canals, water will be infiltrated in semiconfined aquifers, so there will be less influence on existing ecological values. The Provincial Waterworks of North-Holland are constructing a pilot plant with a capacity of 5 million m3/a (a = per year) to investigate its reliability and its suitability for a development as natural as possible of this region. This paper gives the history which has led to this new system of artificial recharge, an overall look at the preliminary investigations, and finally an overview of the main issues for the definite engineering.
Fiber Bragg grating reconstruction by using the genetic algorithm

The results of the fiber Bragg grating reconstruction problem were introduced in this work. This process was conducted by using of Genetic algorithm. The proposals of the ways of modeling structures of fiber Bragg gratings by the use of the object-oriented programming and by the use of the direct and inverse problem were introduced in this article.
Basic Characteristics of Cycloconverter-Type Commutatorless Motors

Cycloconverter-type commutatorless motors having shunt and series characteristics are treated. Though their principle of performance is almost the same as that of a polyphase separately excited inverter, there is commutation due to source voltage at the ac power source which does not exist with a polyphase separately excited inverter. Theoretical equations for rotational speed of the shunt-type and the series-type motors are derived, and it is shown that these characteristics are the same as for dc machines. Factors affecting commutation due to induced EMF, which is a key point in this type of commutatorless motor, are overlapping angle and armature reaction. In summary, for the shunt type these two increase as load current increases until commutation failure occurs. On the other hand, for the series type these two are independent of load current if the iron does not saturate. So the commutation failure cannot occur with the series type. These phenomena are treated in detail theoretically, and are proven by measuring the effective controlling angle ? by means of new methods. Other basic characteristics are shown theoretically and experimentally.