Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observations on the Changes in Physical Characteristics that Influence Egg Shell Quality in Ten Strains of White Leghorns

Abstract Egg weight, shell weight, and specific gravity (SG) were measured and percent shell and shell weight per unit surface area (SW/SA) were calculated for eggs laid over 5-day periods by hens from three 2-way and three 3-way strain crosses, three commercial strains, and a control strain. The measurements were taken when the hens were 165, 225, 277, 335, 390, 445, and, 490 days of age. Egg weight increased continuously between 165 and 490 days for all strains. Shell weight increased between 165 and 335 days, after which it remained nearly constant. Consequently, there was a concomitant decrease in percent shell and SW/SA. There were small decreases in SG between 165 and 490 days. Changes in egg shell weight were more variable for the commercial than the 2-way and 3-way strain crosses. The results indicate that egg size may be a factor influencing the shell quality of older hens.
Feasibility Study for Ellipsis Resolution in Dialogues by Machine-Learning Technique

A method for resolving the ellipses that appear in Japanese dialogues is proposed. This method resolves not only the subject ellipsis, but also those in object and other grammatical cases. In this approach, a machine-learning algorithm is used to select the attributes necessary for a resolution. A decision tree is built, and used as the actual ellipsis resolver. The results of blind tests have shown that the proposed method was able to provide a resolution accuracy of 91.7% for indirect objects, and 78.7% for subjects with a verb predicate. By investigating the decision tree we found that topic-dependent attributes are necessary to obtain high performance resolution, and that indispensable attributes vary according to the grammatical case. The problem of data size relative to decision-tree training is also discussed.
Shell selection in the Land Hermit Crab, Coenobita scaevola (Forskål, 1775), from Larak Island, Persian Gulf (Decapoda: Coenobitidae)

Identification and some shell selection indices of Land Hermit Crabs, Coenobita scaevola (Forskål, 1775), were studied in the Larak Island from July 2009 to March 2010. This is the only hermit crab found on the island. Among 326 specimens studied, 15 different gastropod shell types were used by the crabs as shelters, the selection of which was found to be mainly related to the availability of the shells in the environment. More than 280 laboratory tests indicated that if there was no limitation in finding different species of gastropod shells, then the preferred species were different from those that were selected in the natural ecosystem. It was also found that the bigger the crab, the larger the shells that they preferred, rather than those that fitted them, so that the shell could be used for longer periods of time.
Combining Stochastic and Rule-Based Methods for Disambiguation in Agglutinative Languages

In this paper we present the results of the combination of stochastic and rule-based disambiguation methods applied to Basque languagel. The methods we have used in disambiguation are Constraint Grammar formalism and an HMM based tagger developed within the MULTEXT project. As Basque is an agglutinative language, a morphological analyser is needed to attach all possible readings to each word. Then, CG rules are applied using all the morphological features and this process decreases morphological ambiguity of texts. Finally, we use the MULTEXT project tools to select just one from the possible remaining tags. Using only the stochastic method the error rate is about 14%, but the accuracy may be increased by about 2% enriching the lexicon with the unknown words. When both methods are combined, the error rate of the whole process is 3.5%. Considering that the training corpus is quite small, that the HMM model is a first order one and that Constraint Grammar of Basque language is still in progress, we think that this combined method can achieve good results, and it would be appropriate for other agglutinative languages.
Question Retrieval with Distributed Representations and Participant Reputation in Community Question Answering

In recent years, community-based question and answer (CQA) sites have grown rapidly in number and size. These sites represent a valuable source of online knowledge; however, they often suffer from the problem of duplicate questions. The task of question retrieval (QR) aims to ﬁnd previously answered semantically similar questions in CQA archives. Nevertheless, synonymous lexical variations pose a big challenge for question retrieval. Some QR approaches address this issue by calculating the probability of correlation between new questions and archived questions. Much recent research has also focused on surface string similarity among questions. In this paper, we propose a method that ﬁrst builds a continuous bag-of-words (CBoW) model with data from Asus’s Republic of Gamers (ROG) forum and then determines the similarity between a given new question and the Q&As in our database. Unlike most other methods, we calculate the similarity between the given question and the archived questions and descriptions separately with two different features. In addition, we factor user reputation into our ranking model. Our experimental results on the ROG forum dataset show that our CBoW model with reputation features outperforms other top methods.
An Improved Medium for the Enumeration of Chromobacterium in Soil and Water

1Bennett's agar, containing (μg/ml): neomycin, 50; cycloheximide, 50; and nystatin, 50; gave higher counts of Chromobacterium from soil and water samples than did the selective medium of Ryall & Moss (1975). 2Colonies on the modified Bennett's agar were usually large, deep purple and easily recognized. 3The strains isolated were identified as Chromobacterium lividum.
KyotoEBMT System Description for the 2nd Workshop on Asian Translation

This paper introduces the Ky-otoEBMT example-based machine translation framework. Since last year’s workshop we have replaced input trees with forests, improved alignment, added new features, and introduced bilingual neural network reranking. The major beneﬁts of our system include online example retrieval and ﬂexible reordering. We also use syntactic dependency analysis for both source and target languages in the hope of learning how to translate non-local structure. The system implementation (this paper refers to version 1.0) is available as open-source.
Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation studies of plant polyester dynamics. 1. Cutin from limes

13 C NMR results are reported for intact lime cuticle and its two major components, cutin and was. T 1ρ (C) and T 1 (C) relaxation experiments indicate that motional restrictions are present at cross-links of the cutin polymer and along alkyl chains of the was alone. The results provide evidence for hydrophobic association within the plant cuticle of the long aliphatic chains of cutin and wax
The Challenge of the TV game La Ghigliottina to NLP

In this paper, we describe a Telegram bot, Mago della Ghigliottina (Ghigliottina Wizard), able to solve La Ghigliottina game (The Guillotine), the final game of the Italian TV quiz show L’Eredità. Our system relies on linguistic resources and artificial intelligence and achieves better results than human players (and competitors of L’Eredità too). In addition to solving a game, Mago della Ghigliottina can also generate new game instances and challenge the users to match the solution.
Report of NEWS 2016 Machine Transliteration Shared Task

This report presents the results from the Machine Transliteration Shared Task conducted as part of The Sixth Named Entities Workshop (NEWS 2016) held at ACL 2016in Berlin, Germany. Similar to previous editions of NEWS Workshop, the Shared Task featured machine transliteration of proper names over 14 different language pairs, including 12 different languages and two different Japanese scripts.A total of 5 teams participated in the evaluation, submitting 255 standard and 19 non-standard runs, involving a diverse variety of transliteration methodologies. Four performance metrics were used to report the evaluation results. Once again, the NEWS shared task on machine transliteration has successfully achieved its objectives by providing a common ground for the research community to conduct comparative evaluations of state-of-the-art technologies that will benefit the future research and development in this area.
Cross-Lingual Keyword Search for Sign Language

Sign language research most often relies on exhaustively annotated and segmented data, which is scarce even for the most studied sign languages. However, parallel corpora consisting of sign language interpreting are rarely explored. By utilizing such data for the task of keyword search, this work aims to enable information retrieval from sign language with the queries from the translated written language. With the written language translations as labels, we train a weakly supervised keyword search model for sign language and further improve the retrieval performance with two context modeling strategies. In our experiments, we compare the gloss retrieval and cross language retrieval performance on RWTH-PHOENIX-Weather 2014T dataset.
Arvicola richardsoni: ecology and biochemical polymorphism in the front ranges of southern Alberta

W Albercie (Kanada) Arvicola richardsoni (DeKay, 1842) zamieszkuje tylko środowiska umiarkowanie wilgotne polozone wzdluz okresowo czynnych ciekow na wysokości 2000 do 2200 m npm w Rocky Mountain (Ryc. 1, 2). Taka ścisla specjalizacja środowiskowa określa zarowno rozmieszczenie jak i wielkośc populacji miejscowych a takze dyspersje w tych populacjach. W dwu miejscach, w ktorych populacje byly badane, zlowiono takze 6 innych gatunkow gryzoni, przy czym wszystkie z nich mają znacznie szerszy zasieg geograficzny niz A. richardsoni.
Flavonoid composition and antioxidant capacity of the edible flowers of Agave durangensis (Agavaceae)

The antioxidant properties and the flavonoid composition of extracts of different hydrophobicity prepared from the entire edible flowers of Agave durangensis were evaluated. Separately, total extracts of tepals and anthers–pollen were analyzed in the same manner. The high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC–DAD) analysis revealed a total of eight flavonols (five quercetin glycosides and three kaempferol glycosides), varying in number and concentration in the different extracts. The total extracts of the entire flowers showed the highest flavonoid content (1210.4 µg/g dry extract) and the most complex flavonoid profile (eight compounds). All the extracts showed important antioxidant activity, which was not evidently associated with their flavonoid content. The total extracts of tepals showed the highest antioxidant properties (total antioxidant capacity, free radical scavenging activity, and iron reducing capacity: 30.2 mg ascorbic acid equivalents, EC50 = 0.074 µg/mL, and IC50 = 43.28 µg/mL, respectively). The flowers of A. durangensis represent an important source of antioxidant flavonols.
BIOGENESIS OF CHLOROPLAST MEMBRANES

Dark-grown cells of the y-1 mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardi contain a partially differentiated plastid lacking the photosynthetic lamellar system. When exposed to the light, a rapid synthesis of photosynthetic membranes occurs accompanied by synthesis of chlorophyll, lipids, and protein and extensive degradation of the starch reserve. The process is continuously dependent on illumination and is completed within 6–8 hr in the absence of cell division. Photosynthetic activity (O2 evolution, Hill reaction, NADP photo-reduction, and cytochrome f photooxidation) parallels the synthesis of pigment and membrane formation. During the greening process, only slight changes occur in the levels of soluble enzymes associated with the photosynthetic process (RuDP-carboxylase, NADP-linked G-3-P dehydrogenase, alkaline FDPase (pH 8)) as compared with the dark control. Also cytochrome f concentration remains almost constant during the greening process. The kinetics of the synthesis of chlorophyll, formation of photosynthetic membranes, and the restoration of photosynthetic activity suggest that the membranes are assembled from their constituents in a single-step process.
Unifying Annotated Discourse Hierarchies to Create a Gold Standard

Human annotation of discourse corpora typically results in segmentation hierarchies that vary in their degree of agreement. This paper presents several techniques for unifying multiple discourse annotations into a single hierarchy, deemed a “gold standard” — the segmentation that best captures the underlying linguistic structure of the discourse. It proposes and analyzes methods that consider the level of embeddedness of a segmentation as well as methods that do not. A corpus containing annotated hierarchical discourses, the Boston Directions Corpus, was used to evaluate the “goodness” of each technique, by comparing the similarity of the segmentation it derives to the original annotations in the corpus. Several metrics of similarity between hierarchical segmentations are computed: precision/recall of matching utterances, pairwise inter-reliability scores ( ), and non-crossing-brackets. A novel method for unification that minimizes conflicts among annotators outperforms methods that require consensus among a majority for the and precision metrics, while capturing much of the structure of the discourse. When high recall is preferred, methods requiring a majority are preferable to those that demand full consensus among annotators.
Can hybrid poplar save industrial forestry in Canada?: A financial analysis in Alberta and policy considerations

Intensifying forest management has the potential to alleviate pressures of competing land uses, maintain global competitiveness in the face of increasing exotic plantations, and increase the value of the boreal forest resource. Yet, such initiatives have largely been stymied in Canada's boreal regions because intensive forest management of native tree species is not financially viable. The yield curve estimation and financial analysis conducted in this paper, however, suggests intensive management of hybrid poplar in Alberta could be financially viable. The financial viability of such initiatives will depend heavily on the policies that governments use — such as priority-use zoning — to encourage or discourage such trends. But before reforming policy, decision-makers must trade off the environmental implications of industrial plantations of exotic species with the potential gains from priority-use zoning. Key words: soil expectation value, optimal economic rotation, hybrid poplar, priority-use zoning, int.
The University of Maryland Statistical Machine Translation System for the Fifth Workshop on Machine Translation

This paper describes the system we developed to improve German-English translation of News text for the shared task of the Fifth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation. Working within cdec, an open source modular framework for machine translation, we explore the benefits of several modifications to our hierarchical phrase-based model, including segmentation lattices, minimum Bayes Risk decoding, grammar extraction methods, and varying language models. Furthermore, we analyze decoder speed and memory performance across our set of models and show there is an important trade-off that needs to be made.
Dialogue Management in Vector-Based Call Routing

This paper describes a domain independent, automatically trained call router which directs customer calls based on their response to an open-ended "How may ldirect your call? " query. Routing behavior is trained from a corpus of transcribed and handorouted calls and then carried out using vector-based information retrieval techniques. Based on the statistical discriminating power of the n-gram terms extracted from the caller's request, the caller is 1) routed to the appropriate destination, 2) transferred to a human operator, or 3) asked a disambiguation question. In the last case, the system dynamically generates queries tailored to the caller's request and the destinations with which it is consistent. Our approach is domain independent and the training process is fully automatic. Evaluations over a financial services call center handling hundreds of activities with dozens of destinations demonstrate a substantial improvement on existing systems by correctly routing 93.8% of the calls after punting 10.2% of the calls to a human operator.
Unmasking Integration Challenges

Management researchers and practitioners point out that integration processes during the postmerger integration period are critical to synergistic effects and performance of the merged companies over time. However, the relation between the postmerger integration process, synergy potential exploitation, and its influence on mergers and acquisitions (M&A) deal success, especially in the case of international M&As, is not clear. Moreover, the results of empirical studies are inconsistent and even contradictory. Propositions regarding the postmerger integration process are presented in this paper and are exemplified by an in-depth exploration of Hungarian Biogal's acquisition by Israeli Teva Pharmaceutical Industries employing the narrative approach. In the discussion section, an analysis of the case in light of the propositions is presented, and further avenues for research are suggested.
Growth and Composition Responses of Soybeans to Some Growth Regulators1

Some growth regulators studied for morphological and yield effects on soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] have not been studied for chemical compositional effects, particularly under Great Plains conditions. The objective of this study was to compare morphological aud mature seed compositional responses of 11 growth regulators. Eleven growth regulators of various modes of action were applied at two rates to foliage of soybeaus at one-tenth bloom stage to study their effects on plant growth and seed composition. The desired rate of each growth regulator was applied in 1 liter of water containing 0.02% (v/v) polyoxyethylene sorbitol monolaurate as a surfactant per plot. Morphological characteristics responded more than did the chemical constituents, oil and protein, to the growth regulators. Responses were changes in the node number subtending the first pod, number of branches, and number of pods per plant. The antiauxin triiodobenzoic acid reduced plant height, node number, and node number subtending first pod; and increased branching and pod set. None of the growth regulators, however, increased yield when compared to no treatment. Although none of the regulators appeared useful by itself for commercial soybean production, some might have a role under stress conditions or combined with other regulators.
Evaluation of rootstocks of stone fruits for resistance to natural Plum pox virus infection

Abstract Seven rootstocks were evaluated during 4 years of cultivation in the Czech Republic for susceptibility to natural Plum pox virus (PPV) infection. Sources of PPV infection were plum trees infected with PPV-D and PPV-Rec strains. Rootstocks were planted in groups of 10 plants at distances ranging from 0.2 to 14.5 metres from the source of infection. Plants were evaluated yearly by visual inspection and by ELISA and RT-PCR. The number of PPV-infected plants increased yearly. In the fourth year of evaluation, 72% of ‘Myrobalan 29C’, 70% of ‘Nemaguard’, 41% of ‘Marianna GF8-1’ and 17% of ‘St. Julien’ plants were infected. Nine plants, 4.8% of the PPV hypersensitive rootstock ‘Docera 6’ died or partially died in the fourth year of evaluation after previous systemic wilting. Rootstocks ‘GF 677’ and ‘Myrobalan BN4Kr’ remained uninfected. Naturally PPV-infected aphids were not able to transmit the virus to these rootstocks. Rootstocks ‘GF-677’ and ‘Myrobalan BN4Kr’ can therefore be recommended for plum, apricot and peach cultivars in areas of endemic PPV infection or in regions where PPV is a threat.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LYMPHATICS AND BLOOD VESSELS

Two methods were used to distinguish between lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries at the light microscopic level: in one toluidine blue sections were embedded in epoxy resin following arterial perfusion-fixation, and in the other an immunohistochemical technique used basement membrane antisera (laminin, type IV collagen and fibronectin antisera) in indirect immunoperoxidase and immunogold-silver staining (IGSS) methods. The precise immunolocation of these basement membrane components around these capillaries was examined electron microscopically by pre-embedding immunoperoxidase and post-embedding immunogold techniques. The toluidine blue sections showed two types of capillaries: one with blue-stained lumens and the other with vacant lumens. Conventional electron microscopy revealed that capillaries with blue-stained lumens are lymphatic capillaries and capillaries with vacant lumens are blood capillaries by their fine structural characteristics. Immunohistochemical techniques using laminin or type IV collagen antiserum in both the immunoperoxidase and IGSS methods showed blood capillaries with continuous and linear reactions and lymphatic capillaries with absent or weak reactions beneath the endothelium. Immunostaining of fibronectin antiserum was observed nonspecifically around both types of capillaries and in connective tissue. Fine granular products in the IGSS method were in sharper contrast against the background and were more intensely stained and thinner than the DAB reaction products demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase method. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed greater immunoreactivity of laminin and type IV collagen antisera in the lamina densa around blood capillaries than in that around lymphatic capillaries. A striking feature was the presence of fibronectin antiserum in the intracellular organelles of blood capillary endothelium and on the surface of fibroblasts. In conclusion, toluidine blue staining following arterial perfusion-fixation is a useful technique for experimental pathologists, and the IGSS method using laminin and type IV collagen antisera is a practical light microscopic method of distinguishing between lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries.
Creating and using large monolingual parallel corpora for sentential paraphrase generation

{In this paper we investigate the automatic generation of paraphrases by using machine translation techniques. Three contributions we make are the construction of a large paraphrase corpus for English and Dutch, a re-ranking heuristic to use machine translation for paraphrase generation and a proper evaluation methodology. A large parallel corpus is constructed by aligning clustered headlines that are scraped from a news aggregator site. To generate sentential paraphrases we use a standard phrase-based machine translation (PBMT) framework modified with a re-ranking component (henceforth PBMT-R). We demonstrate this approach for Dutch and English and evaluate by using human judgements collected from 76 participants. The judgments are compared to two automatic machine translation evaluation metrics. We observe that as the paraphrases deviate more from the source sentence, the performance of the PBMT-R system degrades less than that of the word substitution baseline system.