Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SyStematic Review comparison of the participation rate between ct colonography and colonoscopy in screening population: a systematic review and meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials

1He ZHu, mD, 1FuDong Li, mD, 1Ke tao, mD, 1Jing wang, mD, 2caRiSSa ScuRLocK, mS, 3XiaoFei ZHang, mD, mSc, PhD and 1Hong Xu, m.D. 1Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China 2Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 3Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Affiliated With Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
The Effects of Stiffness, Fluid Viscosity, and Geometry of Microenvironment in Homeostasis, Aging, and Diseases: A Brief Review

Yun Chen Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 e-mail: yun.chen@jhu.edu The Effects of Stiffness, Fluid Viscosity, and Geometry of Microenvironment in Homeostasis, Aging, and Diseases: A Brief Review
Neuropeptides in Lower Urinary Tract (LUT) Function

Numerous neuropeptide/receptor systems including vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, neurokinin A, bradykinin, and endothelin-1 are expressed in the lower urinary tract (LUT) in both neural and non-neural (e.g., urothelium) components. LUT neuropeptide immunoreactivity is present in afferent and autonomic efferent neurons innervating the bladder and urethra and in the urothelium of the urinary bladder. Neuropeptides have tissue-specific distributions and functions in the LUT and exhibit neuroplastic changes in expression and function with LUT dysfunction following neural injury, inflammation and disease. LUT dysfunction with abnormal voiding including urinary urgency, increased voiding frequency, nocturia, urinary incontinence and pain may reflect a change in the balance of neuropeptides in bladder reflex pathways. LUT neuropeptide/receptor systems may represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Evaluating Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers as Mediators of Age-Related Cognitive Decline

Age-related changes in cognition are partially mediated by the presence of neuropathology and neurodegeneration. This manuscript evaluates the degree to which biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology and longitudinal changes in brain structure account for age-related differences in cognition. Data from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (n=1012) were analyzed, including individuals with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment. Parallel process mixed effects regression models characterized longitudinal trajectories of cognitive variables and time varying changes in brain volumes. Baseline age was associated with both memory and executive function at baseline (p’s<0.001), and change in memory and executive function performance over time (p’s<0.05). After adjusting for clinical diagnosis, baseline and longitudinal change in brain volume, and baseline levels of CSF biomarkers, age effects on change in episodic memory and executive function were fully attenuated, age effects on baseline memory were substantially attenuated, but an association remained between age and baseline executive function. *Data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni.loni.usc.edu). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of ADNI investigators can be found at: http://adni.loni. usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Acknowledgement_List. pdf Address Correspondence to: Timothy J Hohman, PhD, Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave S, Suite 204F, Nashville, TN 37212, Phone: 615-343-8429, Timothy.J.Hohman@Vanderbilt.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Potential Conflicts of Interest NONE The analysis of the existing dataset was approved by the Vanderbilt Institutional Review Board. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Neurobiol Aging. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 October 01. Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Aging. 2017 October ; 58: 120–128. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging. 2017.06. 022. A uhor M anscript
5-year Prognostic Value of Quantitative vs Visual Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Subtle Perfusion Defects: Results From the REFINE SPECT Registry

OBJECTIVES—We aimed to study the ability of automated myocardial perfusion imaging analysis in comparison to visual analysis in major adverse cardiac events (MACE) prediction. BACKGROUND—Quantitative analysis has not been compared to clinical visual analysis in prognostic studies. METHODS—From the multi-center REgistry of Fast Myocardial Perfusion Imaging with NExt generation SPECT (REFINE SPECT), 19,495 patients (64±12 years, 56% male) undergoing stress Tc-99m SPECT-MPI were followed for 4.5±1.7 years for MACE. Perfusion abnormalities were assessed visually and categorized as normal, probably normal, equivocal, and abnormal. Stress total perfusion deficit (TPD), quantified automatically was categorized as TPD=0%, Address for Correspondence: Piotr Slomka, PhD, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Ste. A047N, Los Angeles, California 90048, Phone: 310-423-4348 Fax: 310-423-0173, Piotr.Slomka@cshs.org. No other conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. HHS Public Access Author manuscript JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 May 04. Published in final edited form as: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020 March ; 13(3): 774–785. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg. 2019.02. 028. A uhor M anscript
A collaborative study of an experimental kit for rapid rabies enzyme immunodiagnosis ( RREID )

Six laboratories took part in a study to assess an experimental kitfor the diagnosis of rabies using the rapid rabies enzyme immunodiagnosis (RREID) technique. The test is based on the immunocapture of rabies antigens present in homogenized brain specimens, followed by enzyme immunoassay. A total of 1253 specimens from various geographical locations and 27 animal species were tested with the RREID technique, and also with the fluorescent antibody test (FAT), which was used as a reference method. For 1220 specimens the results in RREID and FAT were the same (651 positive and 569 negativeconcordance: 97.4%). However, the RREID technique appeared to be less sensitive, since 22 (3 %) ofthe 673 specimens that were positive with FAT were negative with RREID. The RREID test is therefore specific and convenient and is a useful tool for epidemiological studies and for laboratories not equipped with an ultraviolet microscope.
Exploration on the Cultivation of Innovative Ability of Military University Students

Focusing on the problem that cadets are unwilling, afraid and do not know how to innovate due to the enclosed environment, their blinkered way of thinking and lack of innovation skills, based on “elite education with tutorial system” and “management mechanism of self-organization”, the paper creates a set of training methods of innovation ability for military academies, which can effectively improve the innovation ability of military cadets and promote their learning ability and overall quality. Keywords—cadets; innovation ability; tutorial system;
Changes in Impaired Fasting Glucose and Borderline High Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Status Alter the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A 9-Year Prospective Cohort Study

Background We aimed to characterize the relationships of the changes in impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and borderline high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) status with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods A total of 36,537 participants who did not have previous CVD, diabetes mellitus, or high LDL-C (≥ 4.1 mmol/L), nor were taking lipid-lowering drugs were recruited from the Kailuan study. The participants were allocated to six groups according to their baseline and follow-up fasting blood glucose (FBG) and LDL-C concentrations: (1) both were normal; (2) both normal at baseline, one abnormality subsequently; (3) both normal at baseline, both abnormal subsequently; (4) at least one abnormality that became normal; (5) at least one abnormality at baseline, a single abnormality subsequently; and (6) at least one abnormality, two abnormalities subsequently. The outcomes were CVD and subtypes of CVD (myocardial infarction and stroke). Multiple Cox regression models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and confidence interval (95% CI). Results During a median follow-up period of 9.00 years, 1,753 participants experienced a CVD event. After adjustment for covariates, participants with IFG in combination with a borderline high LDL-C status at baseline and follow-up had higher risks of CVD (HR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.04–2.23 and HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.13–1.70, respectively) compared with those with normal fasting blood glucose and LDL-C. Compared with participants that remained normal, those who changed from normality to having two abnormalities were at a higher risk of CVD (HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.98–1.61), as were those who changed from at least one abnormality to two abnormalities (HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.02–2.15). Conclusion Changes in IFG and borderline high LDL-C status alter the risk of CVD and its subtype, implying that it is important to focus on such individuals for the prevention and control of CVD.
Mandibular Molar Uprighting Using Skeletal Anchorage: A Novel Approach

Background: The management of eruption anomalies affecting second molars, although quite uncommon, may represent a real challenge for the clinician. The aim of this study is to present a novel technique that combines the surgical and orthodontic approach in order to obtain the retrieval of impacted second molars through a complex distalizing movement and skeletal anchorage. Methods: Nineteen consecutive patients with impacted second molars were treated according to this technique, which involved extraction of the third molar followed by the placement of a distally positioned screw, and the subsequent use of a coil spring to connect the screw to an eyelet directly bonded on the second molar. In selected cases, it proved to be necessary to reposition the second molar through traditional orthodontics. All of the parameters were recorded: the time required for completing the treatment, the initial angle between the second molar and the adjacent tooth, and treatment related-complications. Results: Twenty impacted second molars were correctly repositioned. The mean initial angle of the second molar was 55.7° (SD 22.6°, min 13.3°, max 104.8°). The mean treatment time was 10 months. There were no major complications. Conclusions: Given that periodontal tissues were minimally affected, the temporary anchorage device was fully controlled, and there was no unwanted movement of adjacent teeth, the presented technique not only proved effective but also minimally invasive.
How Culture Shapes Social Categorization and Inductive Reasoning:A Developmental Comparison between the United States and China

ABSTRACT Social categories allow us to make sense of the social world and generate predictions about novel encounters. Yet, how people use particular social categories varies by culture. The current study examined how social categorization varies across traditionally individualistic and collectivistic societies among young children and adults. Using a triad picture task, American and Chinese children and adults made categorization and inductive reasoning judgments based on categories perceived as biological (e.g., age and gender) or categories perceived as social (e.g., occupation). The developmental trajectory of social categorization varied by culture: American adults were more likely than American children to categorize based on biologically-relevant categories, whereas Chinese adults were more likely than Chinese children to do so based on socially-relevant categories. Chinese participants also relied on socially-relevant categories (occupation) to make predictions about physical properties more than American participants. The current findings suggest a broad cultural influence on the perceived meanings and structures of certain biologically- and socially-based categories.
OPTIMIZATION AND VERIFICATION OF DOUBLE LAYER BEAM SHAPING ASSEMBLY (DLBSA) FOR EPITHERMAL NEUTRON GENERATION

The designs of Beam Shaping Assembly (BSA) for moderating fast neutron into epithermal neutron have been conducted. Some BSA models that are previously developed are still having problems in generating epithermal neutron. Instead, we propose designs of double layer beam shaping assembly (DLBSA) to produce epithermal neutron. Optimization of the Double Layer Beam Shaping Assembly (DLBSA) design was carried out using the genetic algorithm (AG) method using MCNPX and verified using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS). The optimization resulted in four configurations up to the 21st generation capable of producing epithermal neutron beams that comply with the IAEA standards. The best four configurations are obtained by combining: (1) Al with one of the CaF2, BiF3 or PbF2 materials as moderator, (2) Pb with Pb, Ni, or Bi as a reflector, (3) Ni with FeC, or C as collimator, (4) (FeC + LiF) as fast neutron filter, Cd or B4C as thermal neutron filter. Verification of the four optimum configurations of the DLBSA model using PHITS code shows that the epithermal neutron beam produced by DLBSA has met the IAEA standards.
Effects of wearing different facial masks on respiratory symptoms, oxygen saturation, and functional capacity during six-minute walk test in healthy subjects

Background During the current COVID-19 pandemic and increased air pollution levels, wearing a facial mask has been recommended. This study aimed to compare the impact of wearing different masks when performing a submaximal functional activity (six-minute walk test; 6MWT) on respiratory symptoms, oxygen saturation, and functional capacity. Methods Twenty-nine subjects (10 men, 19 women; age 22 ± 1 yr.; FEV1/FVC 0.90 ± 0.01) performed four rounds of 6MWT wearing different masks (surgical (Medima SK, Thailand), handmade cloth, and N95 (3M AuraTM 1870+, USA)) and while not wearing a mask. Respiratory symptoms (dyspnea and breathing effort), oxygen saturation, and other physiological parameters were assessed before and after each walking trial. Results Six-minute walking distances were comparable between walking trials (P = 0.59). At the end of minute 6, a significant difference between groups was found on dyspnea (P = 0.02) and breathing effort (P < 0.001). Post hoc tests showed that wearing a cloth mask significantly increased dyspnea (P = 0.004) compared to wearing a surgical mask. Wearing a cloth mask also significantly increased breathing effort compared to wearing a surgical mask (P < 0.001) and not wearing a mask (P < 0.001). Likewise, while wearing an N95 mask, breathing effort significantly increased compared to wearing a surgical mask (P = 0.007) and not wearing a mask (P = 0.002). Conclusions Wearing different masks while performing submaximal functional activity results in no differences in functional performance, oxygen saturation, heart rate, or blood pressure. However, wearing cloth masks and N95 masks results in higher respiratory symptoms.
Mechanical Compliance and Dynamic Load Isolation Design of Lower Limb Exoskeleton for Locomotion Assistance

Improving the comfort and portability of exoskeleton structures for human locomotion assistance is challenging. Research shows that the misalignments between exoskeletons and human joints will lead to interference and undesired interaction forces in locomotion. Moreover, the weight and inertia of exoskeletons will lead to rapid changes in impact forces acting on the wearer. When the exoskeleton is tightly bound to the wearer’s body, such forces are usually unavoidable. These issues not only reduce the comfort and portability of exoskeletons, but also increase the energy costs to wearers. To address these issues, we propose a novel lower limb exoskeleton with a constant-force suspension mechanism and self-adapting compliant joints. The constant-force suspension mechanism aims to isolate the impact force on the back of the wearer, while the self-adapting compliant joints aim to reduce the misalignments between the exoskeleton and the wearer. For the first time, a structure designed to isolate the impact force of exoskeletons is proposed. Moreover, compliant joints exhibiting comprehensive great performances in portability, flexibility, self-aligning, and weight-supporting ability have also been rarely reported. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed mechanisms can reduce the impact forces and misalignments in locomotion. Furthermore, the proposed exoskeleton can reduce the metabolic rate during walking at 5 km/h by 10.95 $\pm$ 4.40% and that during running at 9 km/h by 1.71 $\pm$ 4.54% compared with locomotion without the exoskeleton. These results confirm that the proposed designs can improve the performance of the exoskeleton in locomotion.
Breakthrough Path of Low-Level Equilibrium of China's Policy-Oriented Financing Guarantee Market

Policy-oriented financing guarantee schemes are widely adopted in the world to alleviate the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. However, the development level of policy-oriented financing guarantee market in China has not reached the desired high-level equilibrium target, even though governments have issued a series of guiding policies. Accordingly, based on the evolutionary game theory, this study establishes and analyzes the game model between local governments, guarantee institutions, and banks. Then, the breakthrough effects of different paths on the low-level equilibrium of the guarantee market are simulated. The results show that strengthening superior government's performance appraisal intensity can only partially delay the “window period” of the low-level equilibrium, while adjusting local governments' compensation coefficients or increasing banks' risk sharing ratio have further synergistic effects on the realization of the high-level equilibrium. Additionally, dynamic reward and penalty mechanism of the local governments can effectively restrain the unbalanced state of financing guarantee market caused by banks' excess compensation risk, and finally impel the stabilization of the high-level equilibrium state.
Robotic versus Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review

Background and Objectives: Gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy is the standard surgical treatment with curative intent for patients with gastric cancer (GC). Over the last three decades, surgeons have been increasingly adopting laparoscopic surgery for GC, due to its better short-term outcomes. In particular, laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) has been routinely used for early gastric cancer (EGC) treatment. However, LG suffers from technical limitations and drawbacks, such as a two-dimensional surgical field of view, limited movement of laparoscopic tools, unavoidable physiological tremors and discomfort for operating surgeon. Therefore, robotic surgery has been developed to address such limitations. Materials and Methods: We performed a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guidelines in order to investigate the benefits and harms of robotic gastrectomy (RG) compared to the LG. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Re-views, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials-CENTRAL) and Web of Science (Science and Social Science Citation Index) databases were used to search all related literature. Results: The 7 included meta-analyses covered an approximately 20 years-study period (2000–2020). Almost all studies included in the meta-analyses were retrospective ones and originated from Asian countries (China and Korea, in particular). Examined overall population ranged from 3176 to 17,712 patients. If compared to LG, RG showed both operative advantages (operative time, estimated blood loss, number of retrieved lymph nodes) and perioperative ones (time to first flatus, time to restart oral intake, length of hospitalization, overall complications, Clavien-Dindo (CD) ≥ III complications, pancreatic complications), in the absence of clear differences of oncological outcomes. However, costs of robotic approach appear significant. Conclusions: It is impossible to make strong recommendations, due to the statistical weakness of the included studies. Further randomized, possibly multicenter trials are strongly recommended, if we want to have our results confirmed.
High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Suppresses Cancer Growth by Regulating Skeletal Muscle-Derived Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors

High-intensity aerobic exercise (90% of the maximal heart rate) can effectively suppress cancer cell proliferation in vivo. However, the molecular effects of exercise and its relevance to cancer prevention remain uninvestigated. In this study, mice with colorectal cancer were subjected to high-intensity aerobic exercise, and mRNA-seq analysis was performed on the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle tissues to analyze the genome-wide molecular effects of exercise. The skeletal muscle-derived genes with exercise-dependent differential expression were further evaluated for their effects on colorectal cancer cell viability. Compared to the results obtained for the control groups (healthy and cancer with no exercise), the regular and high-intensity aerobic physical activity in the mice produced positive results in comprehensive parameters (i.e., food intake, weight gain, and survival rate). A heatmap of differentially expressed genes revealed markedly different gene expression patterns among the groups. RNA-seq analysis of 23,282 genes expressed in the skeletal muscle yielded several anticancer effector genes (e.g., Trim63, Fos, Col1a1, and Six2). Knockdown and overexpression of selected anticancer genes repressed CT26 murine colorectal carcinoma cell proliferation by 20% (p < 0.05). Our findings, based on the aerobic exercise cancer mouse model, suggest that high-intensity aerobic exercise results in a comprehensive change in the expression patterns of genes, particularly those that can affect cancer cell viability. Such an approach may identify key exercise-regulated genes that can help the body combat cancer.