Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Viral Etiology of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease - A Review

Glick E. , Levy Y. , Gafni Y . (2009): The viral etiology of tomato yellow leaf curl disease – a review. Plant Protect. Sci., 45: 81–97. Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) is one of the most devastating plant diseases in the world. As a result of its continuing rapid spread, it now afflicts more than 30 tomato growing countries in the Mediterranean basin, southern Asia, Africa, and South, Central and North America. The disease is caused by a group of viral species of the genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae (geminiviruses) , referred to as Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). These are transmitted by an insect vector, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci , classified in the family Aleyrodidae. The genome of TYLCV generally consists of a single circular single-stranded (ss) DNA molecule, with only one exception in which two components were identified. It encodes six open reading frames, only one of which codes for the coat protein (CP) that represents a building block of the viral particle. TYLCV, like all other members of the Geminiviridae, has geminate particles, apparently consisting of two incomplete T = 1 icosahedra joined together to produce a structure with 22 pentameric capsomers and 110 identical CP subunits. Close to 50 years of intensive research into TYLCV epidemics has been conducted to find solutions to the severe problem caused by this virus. To date, breeding for resistance appears to be the best approach to controlling this disease, although only partially resistant varieties are commercially available. Since the virus consists of a ssDNA that replicates in the host-cell nucleus, the molecular mechanisms involved in its nuclear import have been the focus of our studies in recent years and results, as well as prospects, are discussed in this review. In addition, we describe our recent finding of a suppressor of gene silencing encoded by one of the TYLCV-Isr genes. This paper provides an overview of the most outstanding achievements in TYLCV research that may lead to more effective control strategies.
Movement Patterns and Metabolic Responses During an International Rugby Sevens Tournament.

PURPOSE To investigate the running demands and associated metabolic perturbations during an official rugby sevens tournament. METHODS Twelve elite players participated in 7 matches wearing GPS units. Maximal sprinting speed (MSS) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) were measured. High-intensity threshold was individualized relative to MAS (>100% of MAS), and very-high-intensity distance was reported relative to both MAS and MSS. Blood samples were taken at rest and after each match. RESULTS Comparison of prematch and postmatch samples revealed significant (P < .01) changes in pH (7.41-7.25), bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3-]) (24.8-13.6 mmol/L), and lactate concentration ([La]) (2.4-11.9 mmol/L). Mean relative total distance covered was 91 ± 13 m/min with ~17 m/min at high-intensity. Player status (whole-match or interchanged players), match time, and total distance covered had no significant impact on metabolic indices. Relative distance covered at high intensity was negatively correlated with pH and [HCO3-] (r = .44 and r = .42, respectively; P < .01) and positively correlated with [La] (r = .36; P < .01). Total distance covered and distance covered at very high intensity during the 1-min peak activity in the last 3 min of play were correlated with [La] (r = .39 and r = .39, respectively; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Significant alterations in blood-metabolite indices from prematch to postmatch sampling suggest that players were required to tolerate a substantial level of acidosis related to metabolite accumulation. In addition, the ability to produce energy via the glycolytic energy pathway seems to be a major determinant in match-related running performance.
DEK over-expression promotes mitotic defects and micronucleus formation

The DEK gene encodes a nuclear protein that binds chromatin and is involved in various fundamental nuclear processes including transcription, RNA splicing, DNA replication and DNA repair. Several cancer types characteristically over-express DEK at the earliest stages of transformation. In order to explore relevant mechanisms whereby DEK supports oncogenicity, we utilized cancer databases to identify gene transcripts whose expression patterns are tightly correlated with that of DEK. We identified an enrichment of genes involved in mitosis and thus investigated the regulation and possible function of DEK in cell division. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed that DEK dissociates from DNA in early prophase and re-associates with DNA during telophase in human keratinocytes. Mitotic cell populations displayed a sharp reduction in DEK protein levels compared to the corresponding interphase population, suggesting DEK may be degraded or otherwise removed from the cell prior to mitosis. Interestingly, DEK overexpression stimulated its own aberrant association with chromatin throughout mitosis. Furthermore, DEK co-localized with anaphase bridges, chromosome fragments, and micronuclei, suggesting a specific association with mitotically defective chromosomes. We found that DEK over-expression in both non-transformed and transformed cells is sufficient to stimulate micronucleus formation. These data support a model wherein normal chromosomal clearance of DEK is required for maintenance of high fidelity cell division and chromosomal integrity. Therefore, the overexpression of DEK and its incomplete removal from mitotic chromosomes promotes genomic instability through the generation of genetically abnormal daughter cells. Consequently, DEK over-expression may be involved in the initial steps of developing oncogenic mutations in cells leading to cancer initiation
Glutathione S-Transferase Interacting with Far-Red Insensitive 219 Is Involved in Phytochrome A-Mediated Signaling in Arabidopsis1[W][OA]

Far-red (FR) insensitive 219 (FIN219) was previously shown to be involved in phytochrome A-mediated FR light signaling. To further understand its function and regulatory relation with other light-signaling components, a yeast two-hybrid approach was used to isolate FIN219-interacting partners. Here, we demonstrate that FIN219-interacting protein 1 (FIP1) interacts with FIN219 in vitro and in vivo and is composed of 217 amino acids that belong to the tau class of the large glutathione S-transferase gene family. FIP1 was further shown to have glutathione S-transferase activity. The gain of function and partial loss of function of FIP1 resulted in a hyposensitive hypocotyl phenotype under continuous FR (cFR) light and a delayed flowering phenotype under long-day conditions, which suggests that FIP1 may exist in a complex to function in the regulation of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) development. In addition, FIP1 mRNA was down-regulated in the suppressor of phytochrome A-105 1 mutant and differentially expressed in constitutive photomorphogenic 1-4 (cop1-4) and cop1-5 mutants under cFR. Intriguingly, FIP1 expression was up-regulated in the fin219 mutant under all light conditions, except cFR. Furthermore, promoter activity assays revealed that FIP1 expression was light dependent, mainly associated with vascular tissues, and developmentally regulated. Subcellular localization studies revealed that the β-glucuronidase-FIP1 fusion protein was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Taken together, these data indicate that FIP1 may interact with FIN219 to regulate cell elongation and flowering in response to light.
Cycle-static dataflow

We present cycle-static dataflow (CSDF), which is a new model for the specification and implementation of digital signal processing algorithms. The CSDF paradigm is an extension of synchronous dataflow that still allows for static scheduling and, thus, a very efficient implementation of an application. In comparison with synchronous dataflow, it is more versatile because it also supports algorithms with a cyclically changing, but predefined, behavior. Our examples show that this capability results in a higher degree of parallelism and, hence, a higher throughput, shorter delays, and less buffer memory. Moreover, they indicate that CSDF is essential for modelling prescheduled components, like application-specific integrated circuits. Besides introducing the CSDF paradigm, we also derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the schedulability of a CSDF graph. We present and compare two methods for checking the liveness of a graph. The first one checks the liveness of loops, and the second one constructs a single-processor schedule for one iteration of the graph. Once the schedulability is tested, a makespan optimal schedule on a multiprocessor can be constructed. We also introduce the heuristic scheduling method of our graphical rapid prototyping environment (GRAPE).
Designing Zero-Copy FTP Mechanisms to Achieve High Performance Data-Transfer over InfiniBand WAN

FTP has been the most popular method to transfer large files for data-staging, replication, and the like. While existing FTP mechanisms have improved gradually with newer networks, they still inherit the fundamental limitations imposed by the underlying networking protocols (TCP/UDP) they use. These include limited network bandwidth utilization, high memory bandwidth and CPU utilization that TCP/UDP cause on the end-nodes. Thus both the performance and scalability of such systems is limited. The advent of InfiniBand (IB) WAN has enabled the use of high performance transport protocols in the WAN scenarios, which can be leveraged for designing FTP mechanisms. Enabling IB-based FTP capabilities and providing good efficiency for such transfers presents considerable challenge. In this paper we present an Advanced Data Transfer Service (ADTS) to enable efficient data transfers over WAN. We leverage the ADTS’s capabilities to design high performance file transfer mechanisms (FTP based on ADTS). Our ADTS layer improves data transfer performance by optimizing several aspects including efficient buffer management, memory registration cache, pipelining of data transfers, reducing TCP/IP related data copies, and maintaining persistent FTP data sessions. Further, we reduce the CPU utilization required for the data-transfers (by up to a factor of 6) and demonstrate a significantly higher FTP server scalability. In our experimental results, we observe that our FTP-ADTS design outperforms existing TCP and UDP based approaches by more that 80% in transferring large volumes of data. In addition, we utilize the WAN emulation capabilities of Obsidian InfiniBand WAN routers to study the impact of our designs in a wide range of WAN scenarios, leading to solutions that enable the design of highly capable WAN communication protocols required to power the next-generation high performance parallel and distributed environments.
An off-chip antenna for mm-wave applications

A multi-layer PCB technology incorporating Teflon-based laminates has been used to implement a horn-like antenna for millimeter-wave applications. Although the antenna has a better-than-10-dB return loss for the whole standard 60-GHz band, i. e. 57 GHz - 66 GHz, its radiation pattern changes drastically at the higher-band frequencies. Moreover, due to the very low loss material used for the antenna implementation, the interconnect loss is low when compared to other competitive technologies.
The end-satellite attitude and tether shimmy combined control method on tether-tugging system

This paper presents an end-satellite attitude and tether shimmy combined control method under the condition of a free companion flight status between the end-satellite and the space target in the process of tether-tugging. Firstly, a dynamic model for tether-tugging system is established, and the adaptive control sliding mode controller and high-order sliding mode observer are adopted in each channel controller of the model; finally, simulation results prove that the control method designed in this paper can effectively inhibit the swing tether and eliminate the end-satellite attitude coupled motion caused by tether installation point bias, and the control method presents good performance, which has widely application prospects in this space mission.
Automated quality control protocol for MR spectra of brain tumors

eTUMOUR (http://www.etumour.net/) is acquiring a large database of brain tumor 1H MR spectra to develop automated pattern recognition methods and decision support system (DSS) for tumor diagnosis. Development of accurate pattern‐recognition algorithms requires spectra undistorted by artifacts, low signal‐to‐noise, or broad lines. eTUMOUR currently uses panels of expert spectroscopists to subjectively grade spectra as being acceptable or unacceptable. Automated quality control (QC) would be more satisfactory for several reasons: 1) to provide a reproducible objective classification of spectrum quality; 2) for use within the future DSS to prevent misdiagnosis due to poor spectrum quality; 3) to rapidly process the very large datasets of 1H spectra being accrued. An automated QC method using independent component analysis for feature extraction with a least‐squares support vector machine classifier is presented. Separate training (n = 144) and test sets (n = 98) of single‐voxel spectra from brain tumors and other lesions were acquired at multiple clinical centers with short and long echo times. Pairs of expert spectroscopists classified the test set an average of 85% the same. The automated QC classification agreed with an expert for 87% of test spectra, on average, suggesting the method classifies spectrum quality as accurately as expert spectroscopists. Magn Reson Med 59:1274–1281, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A supervised machine learning study of online discussion forums about type-2 diabetes

As an instance of online communities, online diabetes discussion forums mirror these characteristics and seem to track the growing impact of diabetes on individuals around the world. In this paper, we first systematically collected texts from online discussion forums about diabetes and then applied supervised machine learning techniques to analyze the online conversations. In order to analyse these online textual conversations, we have chosen four domain specific models (Emotions, Sentiment, Personality Traits and Patient Journey). As part of text classification, we employed the ensemble learning method by using 5 different supervised machine learning algorithms to build a set of text classifiers by using the voting method to predict most probable label for a given textual conversation from the online discussion forums. Our findings show that there is a high amount of trust expressed by a subset of users and these users play a vital role in supporting other users of the online discussion forums about diabetes.
Developing a product derivation process framework for software product line organisataions

Inefficient product derivation practices can greatly diminish the productivity gains expected from a software product line approach. As a foundation for systematic and efficient product derivation a better understanding of the underlying activities in industrial product line development is required. This research has been developing a process framework that comprises important tasks product line stakeholders have to perform during product derivation. The framework is based on both literature and industrial practice. In this report, the status of the current research is presented along with the observations obtained thus far and how these observations were obtained.
Persistence of Influence for Varying Durations of Exposure to Threat Stimuli

This study investigated the effect of two variables: (1) duration of exposure to a fear-arousing communication and (2) time interval between exposure to the communication and measurement, upon emotional arousal and attitude change. The study used four durations (8, 16, 24, 32 min.) of technicolor sound movies depicting the consequences of serious automotive accidents. Questionnaires measuring affect arousal and desire to engage in safe driving practices were administered immediately, 1 to 2 hr. , 1 day, and 1 wk. after exposure. A total of 201 college students were recruited and paid for participating. The results showed increased concern and worry over driving and increased desire to take preventive action the longer the duration of exposure. There were no increases in reported fear with increased duration. In addition, there were decreases in reported emotional arousal, concern over driving, and desire to engage in safe driving practices the longer the interval between exposure to the communications and measurement. The results are discussed in terms of fear-arousal functioning as a drive to promote the acceptance of preventive recommendations.
Market Structure and Competition among Retail Depository Institutions

We assess competition among retail depository institutions in 1,884 rural markets. We estimate an equilibrium market structure model that endogenizes the operating decisions of three types of depository institutions: multimarket banks, single-market banks, and thrift institutions. Observed market structures and a game-theoretic specification of entry behavior identify the parameters of an underlying profit function. We find strong evidence that product differentiation generates additional profits for retail depository institutions. These profits help to maintain smaller banks and thrifts, even as larger banks expand their operations. Consumers have more options, as more institutions can profitably operate as a result of product differentiation.
Novel Broadside Trisection Filters Employing Nonresonating Nodes

This work presents novel filter topologies implemented in microstrip technology. The topologies combine printed line resonators with non resonating nodes (NRN) to implement transmission zeros in a very flexible way. Depending on the number of resonators and NRN, the filtering response exhibits a single transmission zero either below or above the passband, or two transmission zeros, one at each side of the passband. Several examples are designed and validated, using the new proposed structures.
A study on gait-based Parkinson's disease detection using a force sensitive platform

Gait analysis aims to study human motion and its potential association with chronic diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and hemiplegic paralysis, by extracting various gait characteristics. It has been a challenging problem to accurately extract temporal and spatial gait parameter and to explore the relationship between gait signal and a disease of interest. In this study, we introduce a gait sensing platform that can capture human movement and classify patients with Parkinson's disease from healthy subjects. Specifically, we first show the platform that consists of force sensitive pressure sensors. Second, we extract gait features from the gait signal collected from the platform. Finally, we collect experimental data from 386 volunteers, including 218 healthy subjects and 168 patients with Parkinson's disease, and conduct extensive experiments to show the possibility of classifying Parkinson's disease patients at a high confidence level. Experimental results of nine different classifiers show that the random forest model outperforms the other eight competitors and obtains an accuracy of 92.49%, demonstrating the power of quantitative gait analysis in the early detection of Parkinson's disease.
A validated Isocratic RP-HPLC method determination for Rubiadin in the roots of Rubia cordifolia Linn.

Herbal medicines have good efficacy, safety, and lesser side effects. They have great demand in developed world for primary health care. India has rich traditional knowledge, heritage of herbal medicines and large biodiversity but despite it India has dismal share of world market. Many Pharma companies marketed herbal preparation as neutraceutical and took excuses from quality control parameter set by W.H. O. India has thousands of medicinal plants but in Indian Pharmacopoeia, Quality Control parameter of only 56 plants have been included. Rubia cordifolia Linn has good pharmacological activity. Both the stem and roots of Rubia cordifolia Linn have pharmacological activity like blood purifier, anticancer, anti-oxidant. But I.P. (2007) has given marker designation only for stem of Rubia cordifolia Linn. Hence we have developed and validated Isocratic HPLC method for determination of Rubiadin in roots of Rubia cordifolia Linn. Rubiadin was isolated from roots Rubia cordifolia Linn and purified. RPHPLC method for Rubiadin was developed using mobile phase Methanol: water in the ratio of 80:20(v/v). Stationary phase use for this method was Hi-Qsil C18 (250×4.6mm). Using this mobile phase marker gets eluted at Rt 8.657 min. This RP-HPLC method was validated as per ICH guidelines.
Forward genetic screens identified mutants with defects in trap morphogenesis in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are carnivorous fungi that prey on nematodes under nutrient-poor conditions via specialized hyphae that function as traps. The molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions between nematode-trapping fungi and their nematode prey are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted forward genetic screens to identify potential genes and pathways that are involved in trap morphogenesis and predation in the NTF Arthrobotrys oligospora. Using Ethyl methanesulfonate and UV as the mutagens, we generated 5552 randomly-mutagenized A. oligospora strains and identified 15 mutants with strong defects in trap morphogenesis. Whole genome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses revealed mutations in genes with roles in signaling, transcription or membrane transport that may contribute to the defects of trap morphogenesis in these mutants. We further conducted functional analyses on a candidate gene, YBP-1, and demonstrate that mutation of that gene was causative of the phenotypes observed in one of the mutants. The methods established in this study might provide helpful insights for establishing forward genetic screening methods for other non-model fungal species.
Coordinated Reactive Power-Voltage Controller for Multimachine Power Plant

This paper presents a newly developed voltage and reactive power control device, the coordinated Q -V controller (CQVC), for a multimachine steam power plant (SPP). The requirements for the new controller are defined based on identified inadequacies of manual Q-V control. The controller uses a feed-forward correction signal based on the application of the sensitivity matrix at a power plant level. It is designed and its performance initially assessed using the Matlab/Simulink environment. The performed simulations show that all the primary design objectives are met. The Q-V controller maintains the voltage at the SPP busbar with a certain droop characteristic during slow voltage changes in the power system whilst also maintaining equal per unit reactive power sharing among the SPP generators. This ensures that the power system fully benefits from all generating units during system perturbations. The performance of the designed CQVC is validated by comparing simulation results with measured responses obtained from a real CQVC installed at a SPP.