Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the temperature-dependent response of saturated cohesive soils in a generalized bounding surface framework

Understanding the effects of temperature on the hydro-mechanical behavior of cohesive soils has gained significance over the last two decades. This is due to new applications where such soils are subjected to non-isothermal conditions, including energy geo-structures, thermo-active waste disposal and geothermal systems, to name a few. The solution to such problems requires at least the solution for displacement, pore fluid pressure and temperature, thus classifying the problem as a thermo-hydromechanical one. The present research extended the Generalized Bounding Surface Model (GBSM) for saturated cohesive soils to non-isothermal conditions. In its most general form, the GBSM is a fully three-dimensional, temperature and time-dependent model that accounts for both inherent and stress induced anisotropy. The present formulation employs a novel approach involving coupling terms in the scalar loading index. Thus, unlike all previous formulations for thermo-hydro-mechanical analyses, the outer (bounding) surface in stress invariants space is not a function of temperature. Instead, the thermal effects enter the formulation through thermoplastic strain components. In addition to the mechanical parameters associated with the generalized GBSM, six parameters have been added to account for the non-isothermal elastic and plastic response in their most general form. The quantities describing the initial material state and the parameters entering the extended GBSM formulation are identified. A procedure for their determination is next suggested, and the results of select parametric analyses are presented. Finally, the predictive capabilities of the extended GBSM are assessed by comparing model simulations to experimental results.
Persistent Draining of the Stratospheric 10Be Reservoir After the Samalas Volcanic Eruption (1257 CE)

More than 2,000 analyses of beryllium‐10 (10Be) and sulfate concentrations were performed at a nominal subannual resolution on an ice core covering the last millennium as well as on records from three sites in Antarctica (Dome C, South Pole, and Vostok) to better understand the increase in 10Be deposition during stratospheric volcanic eruptions. A significant increase in 10Be concentration is observed in 14 of the 26 volcanic events studied. The slope and intercept of the linear regression between 10Be and sulfate concentrations provide different and complementary information. Slope is an indicator of the efficiency of the draining of 10Be atoms by volcanic aerosols depending on the amount of SO2 released and the altitude it reaches in the stratosphere. Intercept gives an image of the 10Be production in the stratospheric reservoir, ultimately depending on solar modulation. The Samalas event (1257 CE) stands out from the others as the biggest eruption of the last millennium with the lowest positive slope of all the events. We hypothetize that the persistence of volcanic aerosols in the stratosphere after the Samalas eruption has drained the stratospheric 10Be reservoir for a decade, meaning that solar reconstructions based on 10Be should be considered with caution during this period. The slope of the linear regression between 10Be and sulfate concentrations can also be used to correct the 10Be snow/ice signal of the volcanic disturbance.
LABORATORY AND FIELD EVALUATION OF A-6 LATERITIC SOIL TREATED WITH RECLAIMED ASPHALT PAVEMENT AND ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT

An A-6 lateritic soil was stabilized with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and 2% cement. The lateritic soil was mixed with 0, 20 to 140% RAP and each mixture compacted in the laboratory. The soil mixed with120% RAP gave the highest Maximum Dry Density of 2.252Mg/cm3. Laboratory California Bearing Ratio test was conducted on the soil, soil/120% RAP and soil/120% RAP/2% cement. A 15m section of untarred road was identified and demarcated into three sections (A, B and C) of 5.0m each. Materials on section A of the road composed of the lateritic soil/120% RAP/2% cement, section B contains lateritic soil/120% RAP, while section C composed of the lateritic soil only. The sections were compacted using smooth drum vibratory roller. In-situ density test and CBR test using Dynamic Cone Penetration test were carried out on the three sections of the road after 1, 7, 14, 28, 60 and 90days. The laboratory densities of materials used for the three sections are 2.254, 2.252 and 2.154g/cm3, while in-situ densities after 60 days were 2.249, 2.225 and 2.142Mg/cm3 for sections A, B and C respectively. The laboratory CBR values after 60 days were 118, 37 and 22%, while the field CBR values were 44.5, 49.0 and 112% for sections A, B and C respectively. It was concluded that in-situ and laboratory densities and CBR values closely agreed. However, the maximum densities were observed after 60days of field compaction. Also, only 90% of in-situ dry density was achieved immediately after the field compaction.
Plug Power: Social Movements and Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in California, 1995-2012

Do social movement organizations increase the supply of a public good? We address this question by investigating the role of generalist social movement organizations (SMOs) and technology-focused organizations (TSMOs) for the development of the electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure in California from 1995 until 2012. We conducted interviews with electric auto enthusiasts to understand evangelism and their relationship with the environmental movement. We also conducted quantitative analyses and employed control function approaches to address issues of endogeneity. We find that increases in the membership of Electric Auto Association (EAA) chapters in the cities of California enhanced the number of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations set up in each city. Our analyses also show that the organizational diversity of the environmental movement spurred the growth of EAA membership, but did not directly increase the establishment of charging stations. Thus, we find evidence for an institutional ‘relay’ between SMOs and TSMOs.
The Faddeev-Popov Method Demystified

We discuss how to implement the Legendre transform using the Faddeev-Popov method of Quantum Field Theory. By doing this, we provide an alternate way to understand the essence of the Faddeev-Popov method, using only concepts that are very familiar to the students (such as the Legendre transform), and without needing any reference to Quantum Field Theory. Two examples of Legendre transform calculated with the Faddeev-Popov method are given to better clarify the point.
A multitaper spectral estimator for time-series with missing data

A multitaper estimator is proposed that accommodates time-series containing gaps without using any form of interpolation. In contrast with prior missing-data multitaper estimators that force standard Slepian sequences to be zero at gaps, the proposed missing-data Slepian sequences are defined only where data are present. The missing-data Slepian sequences are frequency independent, as are the eigenvalues that define the energy concentration within the resolution bandwidth, when the process bandwidth is $[ { - 1/2,\,\,\,1/2} )$ for unit sampling and the sampling scheme comprises integer multiples of unity. As a consequence, one need only compute the ensuing missing-data Slepian sequences for a given sampling scheme once, and then the spectrum at an arbitrary set of frequencies can be computed using them. It is also shown that the resulting missing-data multitaper estimator can incorporate all of the optimality features (i.e. adaptive-weighting, F-test and reshaping) of the standard multitaper estimator, and can be applied to bivariate or multivariate situations in similar ways. Performance of the missing-data multitaper estimator is illustrated using length of day, seafloor pressure and Nile River low stand time-series.
Flat Roofs Defects – Norwegian Building Sector Perspectives

Flat roof constructions covered with flexible roofing is a common feature on large buildings, as they are robust and require little maintenance. However, faults in flat roof design or their assembly could lead to costly building damages or defects. A preliminary mapping of main risk factors for flat roof defects has been carried out by studying design, assembly, and maintenance practices. This article is based on semi-structured interviews with actors in the Norwegian building sector between September 2017 and March 2018. The interviews did not target a specific subgroup; a broad and explorative approach was instead chosen in order to seek out opinions from all parts of the supply chain. The goal was to map knowledge and attitudes regarding flat roof faults. A point of particular interest concerned the perceived prevalence of substandard constructions due to counterfeit materials or shoddy building practices. It was found that most roof faults could be attributed to aging or design flaws. Counterfeit materials or shoddy workmanship was perceived to be uncommon among large and well-established companies. However, responders from several backgrounds – manufacturer, municipal and university building owners – suspected that such malpractices might be more common among smaller contractors geared towards the non-professional market. As a whole, the Norwegian roofing industry was perceived by respondents as generally trustworthy and compliant with regulations. However, interview responses suggest further research is required on the practices in the non-professional sector.
ADOPTION OF IMPROVED BEEHIVE TECHNOLOGY IN ETHIOPIA: EVIDENCE FROM KAFFA, SHEKA AND BENCHMAJI ZONES

Even though Southwestern zones of Southern Ethiopia have favorable climatic condition for honey production; productivity is low as compared to its potential due to low level of improved beehive technology utilization. Different organizations strive to increase the production by dissemination of these technologies. However, adopters of the technology are not comparable with what efforts have been done due to institutional, socioeconomic and technology related factors. This study has identified the determinants of improved beehives technology adoption in Kaffa, Sheka and Benchi Maji zones of Southern Ethiopia using a data collected from 360 households. The collected data was analyzed by using both descriptive statistics and econometric model. For econometric analysis, double hurdle model was used to estimate the decision to adopt improved beehive technology and its intensity. The results of the study have indicates that adoption education level, distance from farmers training center, total annual income, extension contact, perception towards hive price and participation in demonstration of the technology influences the adoption of improved beehives technology. Therefore, these decision variables should be addressed to improve the adoption of improved beehive technology.
8‐4: Invited Paper: Pixels towards Pixies: Post‐Multimedia interactions with Air‐Based Media

Figure 1. (a) Interaction concept of Computational Ether [1], (b) Laser Plasma Graphics induced by Femtosecond laser [2], (c) Acoustic Field [3] rendered and visualized by dry ice (d) tactile feedback rendered by both acoustic and light fields [4] Abstract Towards post multimedia interactions, we envision real world oriented interactions with Computational Generated Fields on Air; we called this interaction concept as “Computational Ether”. Along this concept we have conducted studies to propose a method for realizing new physical interactions that expands malleability of non-digital material towards programmable matter in the real world [1]. Our method utilizes light field [2] and acoustic field [3] these are calculated, generated, and controlled by computers. By applying such computational fields of quantities and physical phenomena around the holographic field, we transformed ordinary air into interactive visual media [2], haptic media [4], and actuators [3]. To implement these interactive media, we employed Computer Generated Hologram and rendered with ultrasound generated by acoustic phased array and laser induced plasma generated by femtosecond laser sources with Spatial Light Modulators. In this paper, we introduce the results of our research group such as case studies; aerial haptic interaction, aerial touch displays, 3D manipulation of objects, new material expression displays, and so on. Finally, we discuss the advantages and limitations of our method. We believe these technologies stimulate display researches from 2D pixels on the surface towards 3D pixies flying in the air.
In-Situ Measurement of Vadose Zone Hydraulic Properties

Sarah Hinshaw Introduction Soil hydraulic properties (i.e., soil water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity) are fundamental for quantifying infiltration and unsaturated zone flow. They are used to create hydrographs that simulate hydraulic response showing outcomes of infiltration events, compare soil properties before and after landscape changes, and to show hysteretic behavior among varying soil types. Detection of hydraulic properties is complex because different measurement techniques can influence contrasting model results, both in the saturated and unsaturated zone. Best practices for measuring soil hydraulic properties vary based on dominant flow type, soil characterization, and scale. Vadose zone hydrologic response is significantly more complicated to quantify than saturated zone response due to nonlinearity between water content and hydraulic conductivity, as well as structural heterogeneity in soil. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are common methods to relate easily measured hydraulic properties to those which are challenging to obtain in the field. Pedotransfer functions are basis for large databases that contain values for hydraulic properties in relation to each other. For example, it is possible to look up pressure head in a database and receive a usable value for probable water content at that point, based on soil textural properties. Hydraulic properties derived from PTFs are then used to solve Richards’ equation to further evaluate unsaturated flow regimes. 3 Several studies have shown issues with PTFs which aim to solve Richards equation.
Automatic text summarisation using linguistic knowledge-based semantics

Text summarisation is reducing a text document to a short substitute summary. Since the commencement of the field, almost all summarisation research works implemented to this date involve identification and extraction of the most important document/cluster segments, called extraction. This typically involves scoring each document sentence according to a composite scoring function consisting of surface level and semantic features. Enabling machines to analyse text features and understand their meaning potentially requires both text semantic analysis and equipping computers with an external semantic knowledge. This thesis addresses extractive text summarisation by proposing a number of semantic and knowledge-based approaches. The work combines the high-quality semantic information in WordNet, the crowdsourced encyclopaedic knowledge in Wikipedia, and the manually crafted categorial variation in CatVar, to improve the summary quality. Such improvements are accomplished through sentence level morphological analysis and the incorporation of Wikipedia-based named-entity semantic relatedness while using heuristic algorithms. The study also investigates how sentence-level semantic analysis based on semantic role labelling (SRL), leveraged with a background world knowledge, influences sentence textual similarity and text summarisation. The proposed sentence similarity and summarisation methods were evaluated on standard publicly available datasets such as the Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus (MSRPC), TREC-9 Question Variants, and the Document Understanding Conference 2002, 2005, 2006 (DUC 2002, DUC 2005, DUC 2006) Corpora. The project also uses Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) for the quantitative assessment of the proposed summarisers’ performances. Results of our systems showed their effectiveness as compared to related state-of-the-art summarisation methods and baselines. Of the proposed summarisers, the SRL Wikipedia-based system demonstrated the best performance.
Medical Webpage Clustering Based on Latent Semantic Difference

Fuzzy clustering, two categories of medical Web pages represented by global LSI or local LSI generate two fuzzy sets with a large inclusion degree. A new latent semantic difference model is proposed. The text in medical Webpage is extracted and represented by global LSI, local LSI and difference LSI respectively. FCM algorithm is employed to cluster the feature vectors and inclusion degree between two result fuzzy sets is calculated. Experiments on five given categories of medical Webpages show that, on the average, difference LSI reduces the inclusion degree by a factor of 85% and 80% respectively when compared with global LSI and local LSI.
Assessment of Climate Change Impacts in the North Adriatic Coastal Area. Part II: Consequences for Coastal Erosion Impacts at the Regional Scale

Coastal erosion is an issue of major concern for coastal managers and is expected to increase in magnitude and severity due to global climate change. This paper analyzes the potential consequences of climate change on coastal erosion (e.g., impacts on beaches, wetlands and protected areas) by applying a Regional Risk Assessment (RRA) methodology to the North Adriatic (NA) coast of Italy. The approach employs hazard scenarios from a multi-model chain in order to project the spatial and temporal patterns of relevant coastal erosion stressors (i.e., increases in mean sea-level, changes in wave height and variations in the sediment mobility at the sea bottom) under the A1B climate change scenario. Site-specific environmental and socio-economic indicators (e.g., vegetation cover, geomorphology, population) and hazard metrics are then aggregated by means of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) with the aim to provide an example of exposure, susceptibility, risk and damage maps for the NA region. Among seasonal exposure maps winter and autumn depict the worse situation in 2070–2100, and locally around the Po river delta. Risk maps highlight that the receptors at higher risk are beaches, wetlands and river mouths. The work presents the results of the RRA tested in the NA region, discussing how spatial risk mapping can be used to establish relative priorities for intervention, to identify hot-spot areas and to provide a basis for the definition of coastal adaptation and management strategies.
Production and impact of Brazilian papers in Library and Information Science journals (1986-2015)

This paper aims to carry out a diachronic analysis of Brazilian scientific productivity in the Library and Information Science field as indexed by the Scopus database for the period 1986-2015. We also analyze the main journals that publish Brazilian contributions, compare the impact of Brazilian production between papers published in Latin language journals and those in English, and identify the primary language of Brazilian papers and the main collaborating countries. We carried out a search on Brazilian scientific productivity in the analyzed field in the Scopus database for the studied period. Then, through a manual filter, we identified a corpus of 1,195 papers. Of the 90 journals identified, 26 journals were considered the main venues for Brazilian Library and Information Science research. These were grouped using multivariate cluster analysis. The main collaborating countries were grouped based on normalized values of co-authorship using Salton's cosine measure. Since 2006, Brazilian scientific production has experienced a similar growth tendency as the rest of the world. We observed that Brazilian journals, publishing in Portuguese, formed a cluster, while English and Spanish language journals clustered separately. We observed that papers published in English received on average more citations than those papers published in other languages.
Segmentation of subcortical structures and the hippocampus in brain MRI using graph-cuts and subject-specific a-priori information

We propose a general framework for segmentation of subcortical structures and the hippocampus in magnetic resonance brain images based on multi-atlas label propagation and graph cuts. The label maps obtained from multi-atlas segmentation are used to build a subject-specific probabilistic atlas of a structure of interest. From this atlas and an intensity model estimated from the unseen image, a Markov random field-based energy function is defined and optimized via graph cuts. Compared to a previously proposed approach, our method does not rely on manual training of the intensity model and is applied to five subcortical structures and the hippocampus. We used this approach to segment the hippocampus on 60 images from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and achieved an average overlap (Dice coefficient) of 0.86 with the manually delineated reference segmentations.
ANALISIS KONSEKUENSI KEBAKARAN DAN LEDAKAN PADA TANGKI LPG (LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS) DI PT SURYA ESA PERKASA TBK PALEMBANG

Latar Belakang: Kilang LPG memiliki bahaya kebakaran dan ledakan yang dapat terjadi akibat kegagalanpada saat pengolahan, penyimpanan, atau pendistribusian. PT Surya Esa Perkasa Tbk merupakan kilang LPGdi Indonesia yang berisiko tinggi terjadinya kebakaran dan ledakan akibat kebocoran LPG pada tangkibermuatan 150 ton. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan analisis konsekuensi kebakaran dan ledakan pada tangkiLPG di PT Surya Esa Perkasa Tbk Palembang.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Analisis konsekuensidilakukan dengan membuat pemodelan kebakaran jet fire, fireball/BLEVE, flammable area/flash fire, danpemodelan ledakan VCE menggunakan software ALOHA versi 5.4. 4. Threat zone terjauh dari beberapapemodelan tersebut akan dianalisis jumlah populasi pekerja berisiko dan analisis emergency response plan(prosedur, tim, sarana dan prasarana) yang telah diterapkan.Hasil Penelitian: Threat zone pemodelan jet fire mencapai jarak 150 meter, pemodelan BLEVE mencapaijarak 1,3 kilometer, pemodelan flammable area mencapai jarak 911 meter, dan pemodelan VCE mencapaijarak 398 meter. Jumlah populasi pekerja berisiko sebanyak 81 orang. Penerapan Emergency Response Plan(ERP) dilihat dari aspek prosedur, tim, serta sarana dan prasarana tanggap darurat untuk pekerja sudah baiktetapi belum terdapat ERP yang ditujukan untuk masyarakat sekitar.Kesimpulan: Pemodelan BLEVE memiliki konsekuensi terjauh mencapai 1,3 kilometer dengan jumlahpopulasi pekerja berisiko sebanyak 81 orang, dan ERP yang telah diterapkan oleh PT Surya Esa Perkasa Tbkuntuk pekerja sudah baik tetapi belum memiliki ERP untuk masyarakat sekitar.Kata Kunci: populasi pekerja berisiko, emergency response plan.