Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overview: Types of Lower Limb Exoskeletons

Researchers have given attention to lower limb exoskeletons in recent years. Lower limb exoskeletons have been designed, prototype tested through experiments, and even produced. In general, lower limb exoskeletons have two different objectives: (1) rehabilitation and (2) assisting human work activities. Referring to these objectives, researchers have iteratively improved lower limb exoskeleton designs, especially in the location of actuators. Some of these devices use actuators, particularly on hips, ankles or knees of the users. Additionally, other devices employ a combination of actuators on multiple joints. In order to provide information about which actuator location is more suitable; a review study on the design of actuator locations is presented in this paper. The location of actuators is an important factor because it is related to the analysis of the design and the control system. This factor affects the entire lower limb exoskeleton’s performance and functionality. In addition, the disadvantages of several types of lower limb exoskeletons in terms of actuator locations and the challenges of the lower limb exoskeleton in the future are also presented in this paper.
An Inverted Ring Oscillator Noise-Shaping Time-to-Digital Converter With In-Band Noise Reduction and Coherent Noise Cancellation

This article presents a noise-shaping time-to-digital converter (TDC) based on an inverted ring oscillator (IRO). By inverting the oscillation direction, the proposed IRO-TDC achieves quantization error and mismatch noise shaping, in-band noise reduction, coherent noise cancellation, and low disturbance to power supply at the same time. A noise model is proposed to analyze the noise performance of the proposed TDC, and to compare its noise with TDCs based on gated ring oscillator (GRO) and switched ring oscillator (SRO). An IRO-TDC prototype is fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology to verify the proposed IRO technique and noise model. With a sampling rate of 200 MS/s, the TDC achieves an integrated noise of 196 fsrms in a 3 MHz bandwidth with a constant power dissipation of 13.2 mW. The measured coherent noise cancellation ratio is up to 36.4 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an oscillator utilizing oscillation inversion for noise reduction and coherent cancellation to protect the TDC from power supply noise, ground noise, and substrate noise. Due to its noise cancellation and low disturbance to power supply, the proposed IRO technique also alleviates the design complexity of power supply in future TDC applications.
Depressive Symptoms and Electronic Messaging with Health Care Providers

Recent health policies encourage electronic messaging with providers to potentially improve health care. It is unclear whether the same potential exists for individuals with mental health symptoms. Whereas these individuals appear interested in such technologies, they may also be concerned about privacy and security risks. To clarify this ambiguity, we conceptualize electronic messaging as an impression management tool for individuals with depressive symptoms, who risk devaluation from others. Consequently, factors that increase the perceived risk of devaluation in face-to-face clinical encounters may increase the likelihood of electronically messaging providers. We empirically examined two factors: depressive symptom severity and trust in physician confidentiality, which is the expectation that one’s regular physician uses personal health information appropriately. We found that reporting severe depressive symptoms increased the likelihood of electronically messaging providers but only among respondents who lacked trust in physician confidentiality. Electronic messaging is potentially a means to reach this underserved population.
Anomaly Detection and Identification for Multiagent Systems Subjected to Physical Faults and Cyberattacks

This article investigates the anomaly detection and identification problem for multiagent systems subjected to both physical faults in facilities and false-data-injection attacks in communication networks. A novel secure scheme composed of independent and cooperative detectors is proposed to detect and identify anomalies. To improve the reliability of the detection results, the $H_\infty$ multiobjective optimization approach is applied where a compromise between sensitivity to anomalies and robustness to disturbances is generated. Moreover, the cooperation mechanism of the cooperative detector is developed based on edges’ betweenness centrality to further improve the agents’ detection performance. Effectiveness and improvements of the proposed scheme are validated on a multivehicle experimental platform.
Diagnosis and surgical treatment of brucellar spondylitis

[Objective]To discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment of brucellar spondylitis. [Method]Thirty-six cases with brucellar spondylitis undergoing the surgical treatment were based on the combined pharmacotherapy from Jan 2007 to Jan 2010 were reviewed retrospectively as a part of 80 cases,their clinical presentation,laboratory findings and inconography features were reviewed. [Result] Fever,hyperhidrosis and lumbodynia were noted in all cases.ESR and CRP value increased with brucellar agglutination titer positive in all cases.Intervertebral disc degenerations and the corresponding levels of psoas lesions were evidenced in all cases by imageology,soft tissue edema posterior vertebrae in 39 cases,anterior border of vertebrae destruction and sclerosis in 25 cases.After surgical treatment based on the combined pharmacotherap,all cases felt lumbodynia relieve in 3~7 days.After postoperative follow-up for 31 months on average of 32 cases,no case had recurrence of fever and lumbodynia with ESR lowering in normal. [Conclusion]Brucellar spondylitis has characterized clinical manefestations,special laboratory findings and radiographic features,which can be treated successfully by combination of medicine and operation.Patients who have operation indication could acquire satisfactory effect after surgical treatment.
Quantitative investigations on setting parameters of air conditioning (air-supply speed and temperature) in ventilated cooling rooms

Rational and scientific design of indoor air conditioning is essential. In the design of Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning system, air-supply speed (ventilation rate) and air-supply temperature are the two most important parameters. In the current study, numerical simulations and experimental measurements were adopted to investigate the influences of ventilation mode, air-supply velocity and air-supply temperature on indoor thermal comfort as well as building energy consumption in summer. Different ventilation modes (up supply and down exit, ceiling supply and ceiling exit) were considered in modelling. Based on the simulation and experimental results, dimensionless index G r / R e 2 is proposed, which represents the ratio of buoyancy weighting force to inertial force. This index can be used as a pre-evaluation index of indoor thermal comfort in preliminary design of air conditioning. It is an indicator to judge the working conditions in cooling-ventilated rooms. When 10 - 6 < Gr R e 2 < 10 - 5 , the settlement and diffusion effects of indoor airflow reach a good level, which means that the parameter setting could provide a comfortable indoor thermal environment. The dimensionless number G r / R e 2 is a theoretically based tool in the pre-evaluation of indoor thermal environment, providing guidance for setting of ventilation design parameters.
Coupled inductor‐based DC–DC converter with high voltage conversion ratio and smooth input current

In this study, a coupled inductor (CI)-based high step-up DC–DC converter is presented. The proposed topology is developed from a primitive quadratic boost converter (QBC) structure. A two-phase interleaved QBC structure is obtained by employing multi-winding CIs instead of discrete inductors as the energy storage magnetic element. The voltage gain is further extended by using (i) voltage lift capacitor, (ii) CIs and (iii) voltage multiplier cells. Consequently, the voltage stress on the main switches is reduced to 18.9% of the output voltage. Moreover, interleaving mechanism helps in achieving a smooth input current profile; the input current ripple is only 4.59% of the total input current magnitude. To validate the proposed concept, 18 V/380 V, 150 W prototype converter is constructed and experimented. Under experimentation, the converter delivers the required power to the load at 95% full-load efficiency. Further, under closed-loop condition, the output voltage from the converter is regulated to the required standard value of 380 V DC.
Quality Control System of New Type Electronic Medical Record

Electronic medical record is a core component of hospital clinical information system.Its quality management level marks the level of hospital management.How to achieve the quality monitoring process,management of the whole process,is still a bottleneck of the hospital medical record quality management.In order to achieve better patient electronic medical records quality control and the whole process management,the article introduced the construction of complete quality control standards for electronic medical records.The incompatible memory contents with this standard will be extracted,so as to achieve the whole monitoring of the electronic medical record quality.
REVOLUTIONARY EVOLUTION OF BIO-FABRICATION IN TISSUE REGENERATION: A REVIEW

The evolution of Bio-fabrication is by far one of the most rapidly growing fields of research in modern day and with the increasing number of applications it would continue to do so in the future as well. Bio-fabrication is defined as the production of complex living and non-living biological products from raw materials such as cells, molecules, extracellular matrices and other biomaterials. Bio-fabrication is a technology which can be used to convert the designs which are created on computer-aided design (CAD) to 3D constructs consisting of single layered or multilayered models with the help of computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). There are different processes which are used for bio-fabrication such as Inkjet printing, Robotic dispensing, Laser-induced forward transfer and Stereo-lithography which are described in this article.
Play-based design: participatory design method for developing technologies with 3 and 4 year-old children

concepts, and to sketch their ideas (Borum et al. 2015, Guha et al. 2004, Hiniker et al. 2017). The review suggests there is currently a gap and a need to develop new design methods for this age group that consider the particularities of young children’s needs, abilities, and interests. 3.4. 4. Lessons Learned from Literature Review The results reveal few examples of research conducted exclusively with children under five yearsold. In the experiences I identified, children’s participation in the technology design process is
Series-Connected Current Source Inverters With Less Switches

Existing series-connected current source inverters (SC-CSIs) are constructed by identical CSIs connected in series, which involve the use of a high number of switches. In this letter, a new topology with less switches is proposed, and to enable its operation, a new modulation scheme as well as a unique transformer configuration is developed. Lab-scaled experiments are provided to verify the performance of the proposed SC-CSIs.
An Immersive Geoscience Field Course as a Vehicle for Exploring the Nature of Science

Preservice science teachers need to be put into situations where their existing conceptions of science, teaching, and learning are challenged in immersive, inquiry-based learning environments, before being asked to create similar spaces in their own classrooms. One approach to meeting this objective is through field-based geoscience courses designed for preservice teachers and education majors. The benefits that these experiences provide for preservice teachers’ selfefficacy, understanding of the nature of science, and science content knowledge are well documented. The study reported on here describes one such geoscience field course tailored for preservice elementary and secondary science instructors, and the impact that experience had on participating students’ ideas about science and teaching. Qualitative methods including In Vivo and emotion coding of transcripts from informal interviews with participants offer a unique opportunity for these preservice teachers’ voices to be heard, in their own words, as they reflect on their week spent in the field, and how that experience informed their conceptions of the nature of science. Findings suggest that the field geology course challenged preservice teachers’ existing epistemologies of science as they demonstrated a new understanding of the empirical, creative, and tentative aspects of scientific knowledge. Discussion of how these findings might be incorporated into the broader collection of science teacher preparation efforts is included.
Distributed Adaptive Robust Voltage/VAR Control With Network Partition in Active Distribution Networks

This paper proposes a distributed adaptive robust voltage/var control (DAR-VVC) method in active distribution networks to minimize power loss while keeping operating constraints under uncertainties. The DAR-VVC aims to coordinate on-load tap changers, capacitor banks and PV inverters in multiple operation stages through a distributed algorithm. To improve efficiency of the distributed algorithm, an affinity propagation clustering algorithm is employed to divide the distribution network by aggregating “the close nodes” together and setting “the far nodes” apart, leading to the network partition where the information exchange between adjacent sub-networks is reduced. Moreover, the virtual load which describes load characteristics of the sub-networks is applied to enhance the boundary conditions. To fully deal with the uncertainties, the proposed DAR-VVC is formulated in a robust optimization model which considers the worst case to guarantee solution robustness against uncertainty realization. Besides, this paper develops an alternating optimization procedure integrating a column-and-constraint generation algorithm and an alternating direction method of multipliers to solve the DAR-VVC problem. The proposed approach is tested on IEEE 33 and IEEE 123 bus distribution test system and numerical simulations verify high efficiency and full solution robustness of the DAR-VVC.
Mathematical modelling and conservation applied to army ants

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The possibility of applying blue energy in Iraq (rivers of Basra as a case study)

ABSTRACT The aim is to study the feasibility of applying a new type of sustainable energy known as osmosis power (blue energy), which is a renewable source of electricity. This is available in the city of Basra at the confluence of the water of its six rivers with the Shatt al-Arab’s waters. Therefore, this research will focus on the technical application of osmosis energy in the Basra’s rivers (Specifically, membrane-based techniques), and test it by using simulation model, which will provide with the characteristics of the flow of each river, and the electrical energy that can be produced at the estuaries. The research concluded that if the concentration of salinity in these rivers ranges between (8-64 mmoh/cm), it is able to generate an osmosis pressure capable of rotating turbines in some parts of the river, and producing electric energy ranging from (11.92-13.08 kwh/m3).
Selected Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnostic Methods in Wheel Embedded Permanent Magnet Brushless Direct Current Motors

In recent years, the number of outer rotor permanent magnet brushless direct current (PM BLDC) motor drives has been intensively growing. Due to the specifics of drive operation, bearing faults are especially common, which results in motor stoppage. In a number of these types of motor applications, the monitoring and diagnostics of bearing conditions is relatively rare. This article presents the results of research aimed at searching for simple and simultaneously effective methods for assessing the condition of bearings that can be built into the drive control system. In the experimental research, four vibration signal processing methods were analysed with regards to the identification accuracy of fault symptoms in the geometric elements of bearings (characteristic frequencies). The results are presented for three cases of bearing faults and compared with a new bearing, they were obtained based on a vibration signal analysis using the classical fast Fourier transform (FFT), Fourier transform of signal absolute values, Fourier transform of an envelope signal obtained using the Hilbert transform, and the Fourier transform of a signal filtered with the Teager–Kaiser energy operator (TKEO).
Performance enhancement of core-shell JLFET by gate/dielectric engineering

ABSTRACT In this paper, enhancement of volume depletion is studied on P-type double gate junctionless Field Effect Transistor (P-DGJLFET) by Gate work function and Gate dielectric engineering. The formation of parasitic BJT action in junctionless device along with DIBL effect is curtailed by integrating Rectangular Core-Shell (RCS) architecture with varying core doping along with different gate oxides and electrodes, respectively. After validating our simulations with the experimental results on Junctionless P-type FET, we demonstrated that RCS based P-DGJLFET with high K dielectric and aluminium as gate electrode exhibits superior ON/OFF ratio, Lower DIBL, better ON current, good OFF current and desired threshold voltage at channel length 5 nm. An exceptional ON/OFF current ratio (ION/IOFF) of 1010 is achieved when core is made thicker than shell. The DIBL is reduced by 62.5% when thin core along with SiO2 is replaced by thick core and HfO2. Also, the stringent requirement of lower work function in Junctionless P-type is relaxed using RCS architecture. The performance of RCS with polysilicon as gate electrode is better than conventional DGJLFET with aluminium as gate electrode. A comprehensive comparison on performances between different technology boosters applied on double gate JLT in the literature and proposed device is also presented.
Buck–boost derived interleaved hybrid converter for residential nanogrid applications

This study proposes a novel buck–boost based interleaved hybrid converter (BIHC), which can supply both AC and DC loads simultaneously. This topology uses two buck–boost derived hybrid converters where the DC outputs of the individual converters are interleaved and the AC voltage is the differential voltage tapped between the two source (of the MOSFETs) nodes of the individual converters. This converter uses only two switches which is lower than similar converters reported in literature, hence reducing the switching losses. In BIHC, there is no possibility of shoot through and no dead time compensation is required. BIHC will find application in hybrid nanogrids supplying residential loads powered by solar photovoltaic. The principle of operation of individual converters is augmented sinusoidal pulse width modulation with AC references for individual converters phase shifted by 180°. This results in line frequency components in the inductor currents and hence the buck–boost stage inductors are relatively larger. However, reduction in number of switches offsets this increase in size. The circuit has been extensively simulated in MATLAB and an experimental prototype of 100 W is tested in the laboratory.
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Resources and Their Exploitation in Internet

Internet is becoming more and more important in preventive veterinary medicine research.This makes it possible for preventive veterinary mediciner to do their research by international cooperation and thus to probe deeply into the essence of preventive veterinary medicine.Preventive veterinary medicine resources in the Internet include the following aspects:(1)virtual library and information resources centre;(2)virtual veterinary hospital and virtual laboratory;(3)academic research organization;(4)learned society and organization;(5)learned journal and electronic publishations;(6)electronic forums and educational resources.In this paper the authors not only enclose many classified preventive veterinary medicine resources addresses,but also point out some ways to access the Internet efficiently.
Reducing the dissymmetry of load currents in electrical networks 0,4/0,23 kV using artificial neural networks

А method for load distribution in the network 0,4/0,23 kV using artificial neural networks is proposed. Types of artificial neural networks are analyzed and a solution to this task based on neural network multilayer perception is proposed. A neural network structure is built which makes recommendations for the uniform distribution of loads in the network based on statistical information. On the basis of the neural network, software for the uniform distribution of loads between phases of the network is created. Streszczenie. W pracy zaproponowano metodę rozkładu obciążeń w sieci 0,4/0,23 kV za pomocą sztucznej sieci neuronowej. Przeanalizowano typy sztucznych sieci neuronowych oraz zaproponowano rozwiązanie wymienionego zadania na podstawie wielostrefowego perceptronu. Opracowano strukturę sieci neuronowej, która daje polecenia, co do równomiernego rozkładu obciążeń w sieci, wychodząc z informacji statystycznej. Dzięki sieci neuronowej tworzone jest oprogramowanie do równomiernego rozkładu obciążeń między fazami sieci. (Zmniejszenie dyssymetrii prądów obciążenia w sieciach elektrycznych 0,4/0,23 kV za pomocą sztucznych sieci neuronowych).
Detection of Aflatoxin B1 in Food Based on SMF Taper Combined With Fiber Loop Ring Down Technique

In this paper, a fiber sensing system combined with fiber loop ring down (FLRD) technique to detect aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>) in food is proposed. The single-mode fiber (SMF) taper was set as the sensor head, and the waist diameter of it was determined to be <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$17.1~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> by the refractive index (RI) measurement experiments. When a light pulse enters and circulates in the fiber loop, it experiences a little loss each time as it passes through the sensor head. The ring-down time of the system would be altered by intensity loss near the sensor head, which is related to the concentration of the AFB<sub>1</sub> solution. The experimental results showed that the sensitivity of AFB<sub>1</sub> was -<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.755~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> s/(<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{g}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/ml) in the concentration range of 0-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> g/ml with a precision of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.016~\mu \text{g}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/ml. Compared with other AFB<sub>1</sub> sensors, the system has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, fast response and insensitive to light source fluctuation.