Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of micro motion sensors based on piezoresistive and thermo-resistive effects in silicon

This paper presents our latest results on the designs, fabrication and calibration of two micro accelerometers and a convective based gyroscope, as well as their combination to create a motion sensor for inertial navigation applications. Among the two accelerometers, the first one is a 3-DOF micro accelerometer utilizing piezoresistive effect in single crystal silicon. The sensing structure consists of four sensing-beams surrounding a seismic-mass. Therefore, the sensor is smaller than the cross-beam type accelerometer. The second accelerometer is a dual axis thermal accelerometer, working based on the thermo-resistive effect of silicon thermistors in free convective regime. Since no seismic mass is used, the shock-resistance becomes very high (up to 9.0×106g). The novel structure of the thermistors eliminated up to 93% of stress induced by temperature. The dual-axis gas gyroscope proposed here is working based on the thermo-resistive effect of light-doped silicon thermistor and the force convective heat transfer. The sensor configuration consists of a gas pump and a micro thermistor sensing element, packaged in an aluminum case with overall diameter and length of 14mm and 25mm, respectively. Unlike vibrating gyroscopes reported recently in MEMS-field, our gyroscope has "no" seismic mass; therefore it can eliminate the inherent problems such as fragility, low shock-resistance, squeezed-film air-damping, etc. Moreover, since the driving power for the moving mass is not necessary, the power consumption is also reduced. Finally, an algorithm to process the signal from a system consists of a 3-DOF accelerometer and 3-DOF gyroscope is presented. In this algorithm, quaternion based calculation was applied instead of Euler angles, therefore the problems of singularity or complicated trigonometric calculations can be avoided. The algorithm can be applied for inertial navigation systems (INS).
Assessment of Operator Trust in and Utilization of Automated Decision Aids under Different Framing Conditions

Computerized aids may be used to support decision-making in a variety of complex, dynamic arenas. Of interest in these systems is the extent to which operators utilize and trust such systems, particularly under conditions of potential failure. A theoretical framework to describe potential factors affecting these issues, and an experiment to investigate the role of failure cause on trust and system utilization, are described. Results provide some support for factors in the theoretical framework, and also demonstrated the use of an empirically developed trust scale.
Predictive modeling of nonlinear wave propagation for structural health monitoring with piezoelectric wafer active sensors

This article presents predictive modeling of nonlinear guided wave propagation for structural health monitoring using both finite element method and analytical approach. In our study, the nonlinearity of the guided waves is generated by interaction with a nonlinear breathing crack. Two nonlinear finite element method techniques are used to simulate the breathing crack: (a) element activation/deactivation method and (b) contact analysis. Both techniques are available in ANSYS software package. The solutions obtained by these two finite element method techniques compare quite well. A parametric analytical predictive model is built to simulate guided waves interacting with linear/nonlinear structural damage. This model is coded into MATLAB, and the WaveFormRevealer graphical user interface is developed to obtain fast predictive waveform solutions for arbitrary combinations of sensor, structural properties, and damage. The predictive model is found capable of describing the nonlinear wave propagation phenomenon. This article finishes with summary and conclusions followed by recommendations for further work.
Research on Assembly Quality Evaluation for Aircraft Product Based on Monte-Carlo Simulation

In the process of aircraft manufacturing, assembly quality is crucial for the flight performance; assembly workload occupies a large proportion in the total workload of manufacturing. However, conventional quality views are concerned on the assembly process and the using process is ignored, which do not comprehensively evaluate the assembly quality. In view of these facts, this paper presents a new quality view oriented to the whole life cycle of product. The effects of assembly on using process are included. In this paper, some assembly evaluation indexes are introduced. And based on Monte-Carlo simulation, the indexes can be efficiently obtained. Finally, a typical assembly is taken as an example to prove effectiveness and feasibility of this view.
Applicability of TRMM Precipitation Product in Qinba Mountainous Area of Shaanxi Province

The applicability of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM3B42V7) precipitation data in the region was evaluated using the measured daily precipitation data in 16 hydrological stations in Shaanxi Province from 1998 to 2014. The evaluation process with several statistical error metrics was applied to daily, monthly, and annual timescale. The results show that the satellite and gauge stations show good consistency for monthly and annual timescale, but rather worse accuracy of daily timescale. All timescales produced the overestimated result of average precipitation measurement. The spatially statistical distribution shows a slight correlation between the observation and satellite estimation, especially at the higher elevation area such as Taibai. The TRMM precipitation value is closer to the gauge station precipitation value at a place with lower elevation, whether the timescale is daily, monthly or annual. At the same time, the smaller timescale leads to closer relations between elevation and metrics. The research results are important value of the research study of meteorological process in the Qinba mountain area.
Channels and Transporters of the Pulmonary Lamellar Body in Health and Disease

The lamellar body (LB) of the alveolar type II (ATII) cell is a lysosome-related organelle (LRO) that contains surfactant, a complex mix of mainly lipids and specific surfactant proteins. The major function of surfactant in the lung is the reduction of surface tension and stabilization of alveoli during respiration. Its lack or deficiency may cause various forms of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Surfactant is also part of the innate immune system in the lung, defending the organism against air-borne pathogens. The limiting (organelle) membrane that encloses the LB contains various transporters that are in part responsible for translocating lipids and other organic material into the LB. On the other hand, this membrane contains ion transporters and channels that maintain a specific internal ion composition including the acidic pH of about 5. Furthermore, P2X4 receptors, ligand gated ion channels of the danger signal ATP, are expressed in the limiting LB membrane. They play a role in boosting surfactant secretion and fluid clearance. In this review, we discuss the functions of these transporting pathways of the LB, including possible roles in disease and as therapeutic targets, including viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2.
Fiber optic sensors for predictive health monitoring

The ability to predict the onset of failure in mechanical systems is key to the reduction in maintenance costs, downtime, and health hazards in industrial environments. Vibration monitoring can be used to spot mechanical problems, trigger preventative maintenance and diagnose the health of rotating machinery. A variety of MEMS accelerometers and piezoelectric acoustic emission sensors are used in health monitoring that are limited by their size, cost, and performance. Optical fiber sensors are rapidly emerging as viable alternatives to these devices as effective means of health monitoring in harsh environments. These sensors are tolerant to extreme temperature, EMI, shock and vibration, and offer reduced weight and increased accuracy over conventional instrumentation. As a result, these sensors have begun to replace conventional sensors in harsh environment applications. Optical fiber sensors offer much smaller size, reduced weight, ability to operate at temperatures up to 2000/spl deg/C, immunity to electromagnetic interference, resistance to corrosive environments, inherent safety within flammable environments, and the ability to multiplex multiple sensors on a single optical fiber. This paper presents the research and development of both low-profile fiber optic-based acoustic emissions sensors for use in nondestructive evaluation systems and fiber optic accelerometers for harsh environment health monitoring applications.
Analytic theory for current-voltage characteristics and field distribution of GaAs MESFET's

The two-dimensional Poisson equation has been solved analytically to obtain the potential and field distribution in the saturation regime of GaAs MESFETs. A physical analytic model is developed for output current-voltage characteristics and for describing the behavior of electrons in GaAs FETs. In this model, the Chang-Fetterman equation is used to approximate the electron drift velocity versus electric field. The resulting l-V curves are in excellent agreement with experimental data. The field distribution and the electron concentration and velocity profiles are consistent with the physical behavior of electrons in GaAs MESFETs. >
Development of An Inspection Method for Defect Detection on the Surface of Automotive Parts

Over the past several years, many studies have been carried out in the field of 3D data inspection systems. Several attempts have been made to improve the quality of manufactured parts. The introduction of laser sensors for inspection has made it possible to acquire data at a remarkably high speed. In this paper, a robust inspection technique for detecting defects in 3D pressed parts using laser-scanned data is proposed. Point cloud data are segmented for the extraction of features. These segmented features are used for shape matching during the localization process. An iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is used for the localization of the scanned model and CAD model. To achieve a higher accuracy rate, the ICP algorithm is modified and then used for matching. To enhance the speed of the matching process, aKd-tree algorithm is used. Then, the deviation of the scanned points from the CAD model is computed.
Are Land‐Use Change Emissions in Southeast Asia Decreasing or Increasing?

Southeast Asia is a region known for active land‐use changes (LUC) over the past 60 years; yet, how trends in net CO2 uptake and release resulting from LUC activities (net LUC flux) have changed through past decades remains uncertain. The level of uncertainty in net LUC flux from process‐based models is so high that it cannot be concluded that newer estimates are necessarily more reliable than older ones. Here, we examined net LUC flux estimates of Southeast Asia for the 1980s−2010s from older and newer sets of Dynamic Global Vegetation Model simulations (TRENDY v2 and v7, respectively), and forcing data used for running those simulations, along with two book‐keeping estimates (H&N and BLUE). These estimates yielded two contrasting historical LUC transitions, such that TRENDY v2 and H&N showed a transition from increased emissions from the 1980s to 1990s to declining emissions in the 2000s, while TRENDY v7 and BLUE showed the opposite transition. We found that these contrasting transitions originated in the update of LUC forcing data, which reduced the loss of forest area during the 1990s. Further evaluation of remote sensing studies, atmospheric inversions, and the history of forestry and environmental policies in Southeast Asia supported the occurrence of peak emissions in the 1990s and declining thereafter. However, whether LUC emissions continue to decline in Southeast Asia remains uncertain as key processes in recent years, such as conversion of peat forest to oil‐palm plantation, are yet to be represented in the forcing data, suggesting a need for further revision.
The a priori and a posteriori error estimates of Crouzeix–Raviart element for the fluid–solid vibration problem

In this paper, we study the nonconforming Crouzeix–Raviart (CR) element approximation for the fluid–solid vibration problem. We present the a priori error estimate and the a posteriori error estimate, and we prove the reliability and efficiency of the a posteriori error indicator up to higher order terms. Moreover, we carry out the numerical experiments in adaptive fashion which together with theoretical analysis show that the CR element eigenvalues approximate the exact ones from below.
Design and Modeling of a Computer- Controlled Planar Manipulator

This paper describes the design of a computer-controlled planar manipulator and the modeling necessary to derive the dynamic equations of motion. The planar manipulator was built as an experimental research device for work in kine matics, dynamics, controls, design, and sensor development. The device consists of three joints and three links with a gripper and operates in a horizontal plane on air bearings. The planar manipulator was instrumented for position, veloc ity, and torque feedback from each joint and is controlled either manually, using a teach pendant, or directly from a computer. A modularity feature was also designed into the robot to allow for interchanging any electromechanical com ponents and to enable structural substitutions for investiga tions into flexibility and vibrations. The completed robot successfully exceeded performance specifications and design criteria. The next phase of the research focused on the development and evaluation of a computer model designed to simulate the open-loop dynamic behavior of the three-link, three-jointed, high-speed planar manipulator. Describing equations were developed for both the servo actuator and arm dynamics at each joint. Significant terms included were coulomb, viscous, and hysteresis damping; and centripetal, Coriolis, and cou pling inertial effects induced by relative motions of the arm structure. The model used the voltage into the power ampli fiers for each servo drive as the system input, and the joint angular position, velocity, and acceleration as the system output. Results from various inputs including a step-input function, a sinusoidal-input function, and a ramp-input func tion were found to compare closely with experimental data measured from the actual planar manipulator built during the course of the research.
Three-phase single-switch boost power factor correction converter with high input power factor

Three-phase single-switch boost power factor correction (PFC) converter features zero-current turn-on for the switch, no reverse recovery in diode, constant frequency operation, simple control and low cost and it is suitable for low-to-medium power conversions. However, the input power factor (PF) is relatively low when the duty cycle is constant in the whole line cycle. This study analyses the operation principle of the three-phase single-switch boost PFC converter, and the expressions of the input current and PF are derived, based on which, a variable duty cycle control is proposed so as to improve the PF and reduce the input current harmonics. A method of fitting the duty cycle is further proposed for simplifying the circuit implementation. Besides a higher PF and lower input current harmonics, the proposed variable duty cycle control achieves a lower output voltage ripple and a higher efficiency over the constant duty cycle control. A 3 kW prototype has been built and tested in the laboratory, and the experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The impact of electric vehicles on the power market

We investigate the impact of massive electric vehicle (EV) adoption onto the power market, both in the presence and in the absence of significant photovoltaic (PV) generation. Although results are derived taking into consideration Italy's power market, results are of relevance also to other industrialized countries. One of the most important outcomes of the analysis, that is, the synergistic and beneficial effect on the overall energy bill of the concomitant expansion of EVs utilization and the growth of the renewable energy generation, particularly solar photovoltaics. The Conclusions provide arguments for policymakers for further support to sustainable mobility in their regions.
IMPEDANCE-BASED HEALTH MONITORING OF CIVIL STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

This paper presents experimental evidence on the use of the impedance-based health-monitoring technique on components typical of civil structures. The basic principle behind this technique is to utilize high-frequency structural excitations (typically >30 kHz) through a surface-bonded piezoelectric sensor/actuator to detect changes in structural point impedance due to the presence of damage. Real-time damage detection on composite-reinforced concrete walls was investigated and the capability of this technique to detect imminent damage, well in advance of actual failure, was confirmed. Concepts that directly applied to this technique itself, such as effects of boundary condition changes and the effects of temperature changes, were also investigated. Experimental investigations were carried out on a 1/4-scale bridge element and a pipe joint commonly found in civil structures, to verify robustness of the technique to changes in environmental conditions. Data collected from the tests demonstrate the capabilit.
A Fiber-Optic Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Bio-Detection in Visible to Near-Infrared Images

In this paper, we demonstrate a fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance (FO-SPR) biosensor based on image processing and back propagation (BP) neural network. The transmitted light of the FO-SPR sensor was captured by using visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) CMOS sensors. The optical information related to the SPR effect was extracted from images based on grayscale conversion and an edge detection algorithm. To achieve accurate monitoring of refractive index (RI) changes, the grayscale means of the VIS and NIR images and the RGB summation of the edge-detected images were used as training and test inputs for the BP neural network. We verified the effectiveness and superiority of this sensing system by experiments on sodium chloride solution identification and protein binding detection. This work is promising for practical applications in standardized biochemical sensing.
A Fuzzy Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller for Tracking Control of Robotic Manipulators

This paper describes the design of a fuzzy adaptive sliding mode controller for tracking control of robotic manipulators. The proposed controller incorporates a modified traditional sliding mode controller to drive the system state to a sliding surface and then keep the system state on this surface, and a fuzzy logic controller to accelerate the reaching phase. The stability of the control system is ensured by using Lyapunov theory. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller, computer simulation is conducted for a five-bar planar robotic manipulator. The simulation results show that the proposed controller can improve the reaching time and eliminate chattering of the control system at the same time.
Numerical Solution of Three-Dimensional Turbulent Flows for Modern Gas Turbine Components

This paper describes the development and assessment of a computer code for three-dimensional compressible turbulent flows in modern gas turbine components. The code is based on a high-order upwinding relaxation scheme with fully conservative control volume. A three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation is solved with a two-equation turbulence model that has a low Reynolds number modification near the solid wall.The code is applied to the study of compressible flow inside turbine blade rows of modern gas turbines. Measured data and calculations are carefully compared for the production and convection of aerodynamic loss to evaluate the code as an advanced design technique. The predicted aerodynamic performance is further compared with predictions based on current design techniques.Copyright © 1987 by ASME
A Photoelastic Determination of Stress Intensity Factors for Corner Cracks in a Bolted Joint

Three-dimensional photoelasticity was used to measure mode I stress intensity factors of corner cracks in a double-shear bolted joint. A model of the joint assembly was manufactured from a photoelastic material and three different corner cracks were introduced using a cutting wheel. After the stress freezing process, slices along the crack fronts were cut and analyzed using three different photoelastic procedures. There was good correlation between the methods of analysis. Stress intensity factors of these cracks were found to vary along the crack front with a maximum at the bore of the hole and a minimum on the surface of the plate. This implies that the cracks are likely to grow more rapidly along the bore.
Design and Fabrication of Modified SMA-Connector Sensor for Detecting Water Adulteration in Honey and Natural Latex

A detection system for water adulteration in honey is proposed. It consists of a modified SMA-connector sensor and a vector network analyzer. A modified SMA-connector sensor is applied to measure complex relative permittivity, electrical conductivity, and phase constant of honey samples with the open-ended method. The system is tested in the frequency range of 0.5–4.0 GHz at the sample temperature of 25 °C. The relationships between the complex relative permittivity, electrical conductivity, the phase constant, and the honey samples with different concentrations (0–30%w/w) are determined. The experimental results show that the real part of the complex relative permittivity is significantly proportional in honey samples with adulteration of water in the range of 0–30%w/w. The frequency of 0.6 GHz is a suitable frequency for detection with a real part of complex relative permittivity as an indicator. The frequency of 3.74 GHz is an appropriate frequency for detection with electrical conductivity as in indicator while the frequency of 4.0 GHz is suitable for detection with phase constant as an indicator. In addition, the data are analyzed with regression analysis. This technique is also performed on natural latex samples to determine the dry rubber content. The frequency of 0.5 GHz is a suitable frequency with a real part of complex relative permittivity as an indicator while the frequency of 4.0 GHz is a suitable frequency with an imaginary part of complex relative permittivity, electrical conductivity, and phase constant as the indicators. The results demonstrate that it is possible to apply this technique to determine the dry rubber content in the natural latex samples as well.
Relationship between TQM and performance of Singapore companies

Total quality management (TQM) is widely accepted as a means of obtaining and sustaining competitive edge. This study finds support for the proposition that TQM implementation correlates with quality performance. Behavioral factors (role of top management leadership, customer focus, human resource focus, and quality focus) as well as TQM tools and techniques (corporate planning, process focus, and information and analysis) contribute to the successful implementation of TQM. Also, the study finds that the size of the company (big or small), the company’s adoption of TQM, and the duration of a company’s experience with TQM affect the rigor of implementation and the resulting level of quality performance. However, the nature of the company (manufacturing or service) does not seem to have a significant effect on the rigor of quality management implementation and level of quality performance.