Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A finite element model development as a part of process of energy absorption material selection

The Warsaw Institute of Aviation major role in the RASTAS Spear project was to design an energy absorption system for the space probe lander. As the system was meant to be unmanned, the main requirement was to use no active solutions like parachute or rocket propulsion (less complexity in application and thus more reliability). A group of various materials was chosen to be tested. Tests campaign was divided into three stages: static compression tests, low speed dynamic tests and high speed dynamic tests. The high-speed dynamic tests were divided into two substages. In the first one simple cube specimens were tested to obtain data necessary for second substage in which full-scale object was tested. Having valuable data from experiments, numerical simulations in LS-DYNA software were carried out and then the results were compared. Based on experimental data several iterations during finite element model developing process were made. That process allowed setting up properly simulation by changing and adjusting properties such: material models, contact types, element formulation and other important constants. The finite element simulation results showed a good correlation with experimental data. The knowledge gained from numerical model optimization in connection with experimental data allowed for creating faster and more accurate energy absorbing material selection methodology. This methodology was successfully used in subsequent projects in which Institute of Aviation took part and also can be used in other future applications.
Confidence Intervals Enhance the Value of Research Publications

Traditionally, clinical research has been based on obtaining measurements from a sample of the population, subjecting the data to statistical analysis and drawing inferences about the whole population from which the sample was drawn. However, the value of research publications in this journal has been questioned (for example, Buttrey 1996, Jones 1996, King 1996, Minns 1996, Notley 1996): published papers have been disparaged as ‘increasingly unreadable’ and ‘full of unfathomable information’ (Minns 1996, p394). One of the reasons for this dissatisfaction may be the fact that analyses have focused upon statistical significance rather than upon clinical utility. The common statements, such as p<0.05 or p>0.05, convey no more than a portion of a study’s potential clinical findings and are likely to frustrate readers in search of the clinically useful information that can be obtained by employing a different statistical approach. For example, an occupational therapist wanting to learn the effect of an untested intervention on hand span would take care to choose an adequate sample, numbering perhaps 300 patients, and measure their hand span before and after the intervention. In such a fictitious sample the measurements might show that the intervention increased the mean span by 40mm, from 130mm to 170mm, deemed by statistical analysis, using a paired t test, to be a significant result (p<0.05). This p value tells the therapist that the difference made by the intervention is ‘real’ and unlikely to be due to chance. However, the accuracy of the extrapolation from the sample to the whole population cannot be gauged for, no matter how carefully studies are carried out, influences such as the size of the sample and the random variations within it will influence the outcome of the extrapolation. Furthermore, while the p value conveys information about statistical significance, it does not address the clinical value of the intervention directly. The purpose of this primer is to draw attention to a different statistical approach, namely the presentation of confidence intervals in addition to the usual tests for statistical significance. The confidence interval (CI) enables inferences to be drawn as to how well the sample represents the whole population and provides the information required for perceiving the clinical value of the findings. It also reveals statistical significance under certain circumstances. Extrapolating from sample to population
Coupled Analysis of Desiccation Cracking in Unsaturated Soils through a Non-Local Mathematical Formulation

The formation of desiccation cracks in unsaturated soils as a discontinuity phenomenon can compromise the integrity of civil infrastructure on unsaturated soils. Because of the singularity at such discontinuities, the mathematical modeling of desiccation cracking is challenging. In this study, we apply a coupled nonlocal peridynamic poroelastic framework to model desiccation cracking in unsaturated soils. The soil skeleton is modeled by a nonlocal peridynamic elastic solid. A peridynamic equivalence of the generalized Darcy’s law is utilized to model unsaturated fluid flow. Cracking is determined by a critical stretch criterion between material points as well as an energy criterion. We present numerical simulations of desiccation cracking in soil bars and thin soil discs for one-dimensional cracking and two-dimensional cracking networks, respectively. The numerical results have demonstrated that the proposed nonlocal mathematical framework is a promising and robust method for modeling desiccation cracking in unsaturated soils.
An In Vivo Evaluation of Biocompatibility and Implant Accuracy of the Electron Beam Melting and Commercial Reconstruction Plates

The use of additive manufacturing in medical applications has become more prevalent over the last decade. Studies have proved that reconstruction plates with a mesh structure enhance the biocompatibility and bone-ingrowth formation. However, limited studies have been reported in the customization and in vivo clinical assessment of mesh implants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the surgical treatment and implant fitting accuracy using three different reconstruction plates. Fifteen goats were divided into one control and three experimental groups (Groups 1, 2, and 3) with five in each group. An experimental segmental defect was created on these animals and was adopted with customized electron beam melting reconstruction titanium plates with mesh in Group 1 and without mesh in Group 2 and commercial reconstruction plate in Group 3. All the animals were subjected to radiographic analysis before and after surgery. The subjected animals were sacrificed after 3 months and the electron beam melting reconstruction plates were compared with the commercial plate based on clinical and histology analysis and implant fitting accuracy. Both the electron beam melting reconstruction plates (with mesh and without mesh) and commercial plates survived the three months post-operation, revealing good wound-healing with new bone formation and without any foreign-body reaction. The electron beam melting reconstructed plate with mesh (Group 1) was found to have a better implant fitting when compared to the other two groups. The average discrepancy between Groups 2 and 3 was not significant. Certainly, the commercial plate (Group 3) was found to have the least accuracy as compared to other electron beam melting reconstruction plates (Group 1 and Group 2). Custom design electron beam melting fabricated reconstruction plates possessed better functionality, aesthetic outcome, and long-term biocompatibility when compared to commercial plates. Animal results indicated that the electron beam melting plates with mesh (Group 1) were superior in comparison to the other two groups due to its ability to provide better bone-in-growth and osseointegration on its porous microstructure.
Leczenie chirurgiczne zaawansowanego raka szyjki macicy a wytrzewienie – przeglad literatury

1 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Essen, Germany. Kierownik: prof. med. Rainer Kimmig 2 Oddział Kliniczny Ginekologii Onkologicznej, Centrum Onkologii im. prof. Franciszka Łukaszczyka w Bydgoszczy. Kierownik Oddziału: prof. dr hab. n. med. Łukasz Wicherek 3 Klinika Chirurgii Onkologicznej i Urologii, Centrum Onkologii – Instytut im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie, Oddział w Krakowie. Kierownik Kliniki: prof. dr hab. n. med. Jerzy Mituś 4 Oddział Kliniczny Urologii Onkologicznej, Centrum Onkologii im. prof. Franciszka Łukaszczyka w Bydgoszczy. Kierownik Oddziału: dr n. med. Jerzy Siekiera 5 Zakład Mikrobiologii, Centrum Onkologii im. prof. Franciszka Łukaszczyka w Bydgoszczy. Kierownik Zakładu: dr n. med. Maria Szymankiewicz 6 Klinika Ginekologii Onkologicznej, Centrum Onkologii – Instytut im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie w Warszawie. Kierownik Kliniki: prof. dr hab. n. med. Beata Śpiewankiewicz 7 Klinika Ginekologii Onkologicznej, Centrum Onkologii – Instytut im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie, Oddział w Krakowie. Kierownik Kliniki: prof. dr hab. n. med. Krzysztof Urbański 8 Katedra i Klinika Ginekologii Onkologicznej i Pielęgniarstwa Ginekologicznego, Collegium Medicum UMK w Bydgoszczy. Kierownik Katedry i Kliniki: prof. dr hab. n. med. Łukasz Wicherek Adres do korespondencji: Prof. dr hab. n. med. Łukasz Wicherek, Oddział Kliniczny Ginekologii i Onkologii, Centrum Onkologii im. prof. Franciszka Łukaszczyka, ul. Romanowskiej 2, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, tel. : +48 52 374 33 99, +48 52 374 38 74, e-mail: mowicher@cyf-kr.edu. pl Podziękowanie Chcielibyśmy podziękować Dr. Zbigniewowi Pawłowiczowi i Prof. Jerzemu Stelmachowowi za okazaną pomoc, słowa wsparcia i zdolność przewidywania kierunków rozwoju medycyny. Zdjęcia przedstawione w manuskrypcie zostały wykonane podczas zabiegów wytrzewienia przeprowadzanych na Oddziale Klinicznym Ginekologii Onkologicznej, Centrum Onkologii w Bydgoszczy – za pomoc w ich wykonaniu dziękujemy Dr. Wojciechowi Polonceuszowi i Dr. Naserowi Alahmad Alali.
Soot formation of gasoline surrogate components in laminar and turbulent flames

Stringent emission regulations aim to restrict soot emissions by particle mass and particle number in the transport sector. Whilst the concept of directinjection gasoline (GDI) engines is very promising with respect to efficiency, complying with the legislative soot emission limits is challenging for GDIengines. A sufficient reduction of soot emissions in GDI engines requires a detailed understanding and accurate modeling of soot formation processes of gasoline fuels in engines. This study provides fundamental investigations of the soot formation process of common gasoline surrogate components. First, soot volume fraction measurements in ethylene, n-heptane, iso-octane, and toluene counterflow flames were performed by means of laser-induced incandescence (LII). This study demonstrates that large gradients in temperature and local gas composition, which are inherently present in counterflow flames, induce substantial beam steering effects. An approach is developed to ensure accurate LII measurements based on tailoring the mean laser fluence. The collected LII signal in the counterflow flames is thus nearly independent of beam steering effects. The soot volume fraction profiles in the counterflow flames were then determined for a wide range of strain rates and stoichiometric mixture fractions. Sensitivities of soot formation on strain rate and stoichiometric mixture fraction were determined for each fuel, which are found to be strongly fueldependent. Simulations of the flames reveal that applied models are capable of predicting the soot volume fraction with remarkable accuracy for ethylene. For the gasoline surrogate components, however, the overall soot volume fractions are overpredicted. A reaction pathway analysis suggests that, in these flames, more soot precursors are formed via the reaction pathways involving fuel pyrolysis products. Finally, flame structure, local gas temperature, local soot volume fraction, and primary soot particle diameter were simultaneously detected by means of optical diagnostics in turbulent toluene flames. Joint statistics of flame and soot properties indicate that, due to differential diffusion of soot, high soot concentrations are present at conditions of low temperatures and low OH concentrations. In the soot oxidation region, the presence of large particles suggests that oxidation is not sufficiently fast to burn soot completely.
Lehmann effect in nematic and cholesteric liquid crystals: a review

ABSTRACT The Lehmann effect is the continuous rotation of cholesteric droplets subjected to a temperature gradient. Discovered by Otto Lehmann in 1900, this effect was re-observed recently by several authors not only in cholesterics but also in nematics when the director field is twisted inside the droplets. In most experiments, the droplets coexist with their isotropic liquid, but the Lehmann effect can also be observed when the droplets are dispersed in an isotropic liquid in which the LC is partly miscible. After a brief history on the Lehmann effect and its first explanation by Leslie in 1968, we will review the main experimental results obtained on this subject from 2008. In particular, the role of the temperature gradient, of the size of the droplets, of the textures and their orientation with respect to the temperature gradient, of the confinement effects, of the impurities and of the concentration of chiral molecules will be described. A special emphasis will also be placed on the research of hydrodynamic effects to answer the fundamental question of whether it is just the texture or the droplet itself that rotates. We will then review the different models proposed in the literature to explain the Lehmann effect. Among them are two thermomechanical models directly based on the Leslie explanation (named TM1 and TM2 models), a thermomechanical model of rotating texture ‘surfing’ on a heat wave (TM3 model), a model of melting-growth (MG model) that only applies when the droplets coexist with their own isotropic liquid, and a pure hydrodynamic model (H model) based on the existence of Marangoni flows – currently, only evidenced in emulsified cholesterics. The strengths and weaknesses of each model will be discussed in relation with the experimental results.
Accurately Predicting the Reflectance of Rough Metal Surfaces From One-Dimensional Surface Profile Measurements

This thesis investigates the problem of using surface microgeometry measurements to predict the reflectance of rough metal surfaces. Because light cannot penetrate much into metals, the observable reflectance of a metal surface is due almost entirely to interfacial reflection, i.e., light reflection at the interface between the metal and air. According to the laws of optics, interfacial reflection is determined completely by surface topography and material refractive index. Hence this thesis seeks to accurately predict the reflectance of metals, as observed and measured by a gonioreflectometer, from topographic measurements and material refractive index alone. In order to achieve accurate prediction, it is vital to acquire accurate topographic measurements as input. This thesis identifies why modern profilometers based on white light interferometry (WLI) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are unlikely to measure the two-dimensional topography of real-world rough surfaces with sufficient fidelity to allow accurate reflectance prediction. A new experimental procedure for accurately measuring the one-dimensional surface profiles using AFM is consequently proposed. This thesis then derives how reflectance of a two dimensional surface is related to one-dimensional surface profiles, resulting in an ill-posed linear inverse problem. Two algorithms are subsequently designed for solving this inverse problem: The
Application of Distributed Optical Fibre Sensor for Strain and Temperature Monitoring within Continuous Flight Auger Columns

Distributed optical fibre technology provides new possibilities in structural health monitoring in comparison with traditional spot measurements, because it allows to measure selected physical quantities continuously over structural member length. The spatial resolution can start from as fine as 5 mm when using advanced optical reflectometers based on the principle of Rayleigh scattering. The quality of information obtained about structural condition is especially important for geotechnical applications because there are many uncertainties regarding the theoretical model describing cooperation between the foundations and the substrate as well as including the values of physical parameters. Moreover, the geometry of structural members (e.g. the diameter of the column) can be very different from design assumptions and vary along the depth depending on technology of execution. In presented case study the analysis of continuous flight auger (CFA) column was described based on the strain and temperature measurements carried out continuously over the length of 12 m. The measurements were done during the load tests, but also in the early-age concrete, when thermal-shrinkage strains appeared. The way of installation and exemplary results were presented as well as data interpretation was described and discussed hereafter.
Mechanical, morphological, and luminescent properties of strontium phosphorescent filler-filled NR/PP/PEC blends as affected by processing design

Photoluminescent material was successfully prepared by blending europium-doped strontium aluminate phosphorescent filler (SrAl2O4:Eu2+) with terpolymer of natural rubber/polypropylene/propylene–ethylene copolymer (NR/PP/PEC). The influence of alternative processing design, that is, mixing method (simple blend (SB) or dynamic vulcanization (DV)) and mixing sequence (direct method or precompounding method) on mechanical, morphological, and photoluminescent properties of the SrAl2O4:Eu2+-filled NR/PP/PEC blends, was systematically studied. The results revealed that mechanical and photoluminescent properties can be improved by the control of rubber vulcanization and phase morphology. The dynamically vulcanized blends (DV1 and DV2), in which the NR phase was vulcanized during melt mixing under high shear and had vulcanized NR particles dispersed in the continuous PP and PEC matrices, showed superior mechanical and photoluminescent properties over the SB with co-continuous phase morphology. Controlled location of rubber additives in the NR phase by precompounding (DV2) gave the highest light emission intensity with the longest decay time.
Barriers to physical activity in obese adults: A rapid evidence assessment

Rising rates of obesity are becoming a major problem in the Western world, with multiple implications for individuals’ health and also health service resources. Physical activity can positively influence weight loss and weight loss maintenance; however, levels are low among obese individuals. The aim of this study was to identify the barriers faced by obese individuals which prevent them from engaging with physical activity. A rapid evidence assessment was undertaken based on the framework provided by Bettany-Saltikov. Studies were identified from an electronic database search using key words, reference list search and manual searching of current journal issues. Identified studies were screened for relevance, appraised for quality and relevant data were extracted in order to identify themes for analysis. Seventeen studies were included in the review, of which twelve were quantitative, five qualitative and one mixed methods. Several barriers were identified relating to three main themes: physical, psychological and external barriers. Due to the variety of barriers faced by obese individuals it is important to treat each person as an individual and identify the barriers perceived by them, in order to provide targeted support to overcome these barriers.
A combined deep inelastic neutron scattering and ab initio lattice dynamics study of the hydride anion dynamics and bonding in La2LiHO3 oxyhydride

Kobayashi et al (6279) (Science 2016, 351) reported recently the existence of pure H- conductivity in the oxyhydride La2−x−ySrx+yLiH1−x+yO3−y, while demonstrating its functionality through a prototype solid-state Ti/La2LiHO3/TiH2 battery. In this study, we probe the atomistic motion of La2LiHO3 obtained by the promising halide salt flux method, via a combination of deep inelastic neutron scattering (DINS) and ab initio lattice dynamics (LD) calculations verified by vibrational inelastic neutron spectroscopy (INS). We successfully describe the measured momentum distributions from DINS via our LD calculations, without observing any diffusion activation over the temperature range reported by Kobayashi et al. This observation is corroborated by model predictions from our LD study, which reveals that the hydride anions remain bound within a 3D-harmonic potential. We conclude that with the current synthesis parameters, the method produces a vacancy free lattice, and that a necessary ingredient for diffusive motion of H- is the presence of a large population of vacancies. Based on the harmonic prediction for the hydrogen kinetic energy, we derive a picture of the evolution of the effective bonding potential for the hydride anions, and link this to the dynamics associated with decomposition of the oxyhydride.
The Numerical Prediction of Flow of Branched Polymer Melts Through Planar Contraction Channel by Finite Element Method

In this work we present an investigation of a complex viscoelastic flow through an abrupt expansion with expansion ratio D/d = 4, where the Oldroyd-B model was consider as a constitutive equation. The governing equations are solved using the Finite Element Method. The polymer is modeled as a monodisperse suspension of “Oldroyd-B” molecules, which provides a direct link the molecular topology and the flow properties of the melt. The branching produces an enhancement in the size of upstream vortex in creeping flows. Also was found that including inertia forces will give the intensity of lip vortex increases, while the size of corner vortex will initially decreased with growth of Weissenberg number but with more increase (We>4), the size of corner vortex will begin to increase in size. The effect arises from the differing responses in shear and extensional flows of polymer melts.
P‐4.3: Reflective Color filters based on subwavelength diffraction gratings

This report discusses a potential reflected color filter for colorful display device. In this design, diffraction gratings could be color filter, reflect specific wavelengths to present blue, green, and red, even cyan and yellow. A 120nm silicon layer lays on a quartz substrate, and the silicon layer was patterned to generate a two‐dimensional circular pillars with different geometric parameters from 180nm pitch to 350nm Meanwhile, it has good tolerance to pillars shape and lattice parameters which are friendly news for volume production. Last but not least, these structures are independence of the polarization and insensitive angular of the incident light of 30°. These RGBCY five primary colors will extend the color gamma to 143% of NTSC. Designed structures can be volume fabricated by nano‐imprint lithography and etching processes.