Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RotorNet: A Scalable, Low-complexity, Optical Datacenter Network

The ever-increasing bandwidth requirements of modern datacenters have led researchers to propose networks based upon optical circuit switches, but these proposals face significant deployment challenges. In particular, previous proposals dynamically configure circuit switches in response to changes in workload, requiring network-wide demand estimation, centralized circuit assignment, and tight time synchronization between various network elements--- resulting in a complex and unwieldy control plane. Moreover, limitations in the technologies underlying the individual circuit switches restrict both the rate at which they can be reconfigured and the scale of the network that can be constructed. We propose RotorNet, a circuit-based network design that addresses these two challenges. While RotorNet dynamically reconfigures its constituent circuit switches, it decouples switch configuration from traffic patterns, obviating the need for demand collection and admitting a fully decentralized control plane. At the physical layer, RotorNet relaxes the requirements on the underlying circuit switches---in particular by not requiring individual switches to implement a full crossbar---enabling them to scale to 1000s of ports. We show that RotorNet outperforms comparably priced Fat Tree topologies under a variety of workload conditions, including traces taken from two commercial datacenters. We also demonstrate a small-scale RotorNet operating in practice on an eight-node testbed.
More, More, More: Reducing Thrombosis in Acute Coronary Syndromes Beyond Dual Antiplatelet Therapy—Current Data and Future Directions

Common to the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is the formation of arterial thrombus, which results from platelet activation and triggering of the coagulation cascade. [1][1] To attenuate the risk of future thrombotic events, patients with ACS are treated with dual antiplatelet therapy
Patients' experience of shoulder disorders: a systematic review of qualitative studies for the OMERACT Shoulder Core Domain Set.

OBJECTIVES To describe the experiences (including symptoms and perceived impacts on daily living) of people with a shoulder disorder. METHODS Systematic review of qualitative studies. We searched for eligible qualitative studies indexed in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, CINAHL (EBSCO), SportDiscus (EBSCO) and Ovid PsycINFO up until November 2017. Two authors independently screened studies for inclusion, appraised their methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist, used thematic synthesis methods to generate themes describing the experiences reported by participants and assessed the confidence in the findings using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (GRADE-CERQual) approach. RESULTS The inclusion criteria were met by eight studies, which included 133 participants (49 females and 84 males) with either rotator cuff disease, adhesive capsulitis, proximal humeral fracture, shoulder instability or unspecified shoulder pain. We generated seven themes to describe what people in the included studies reported experiencing: pain; physical function/activity limitations; participation restriction; sleep disruption; cognitive dysfunction; emotional distress; and other pathophysiological manifestations (other than pain). There were interactions between the themes, with particular experiences impacting on others (e.g. pain leading to reduced activities and sleep disruption). Following grading of the evidence, we considered it likely that most of the review findings were a reasonable representation of the experiences of people with shoulder disorders. CONCLUSION Patients with shoulder disorders contend with considerable disruption to their life. The experiences described should be considered by researchers seeking to select the most appropriate outcomes to measure in clinical trials and other research studies in people with shoulder disorders.
Cell Fate and Developmental Regulation Dynamics by Polycomb Proteins and 3D Genome Architecture

Targeted transitions in chromatin states at thousands of genes are essential drivers of eukaryotic development. Therefore, understanding the in vivo dynamics of epigenetic regulators is crucial for deciphering the mechanisms underpinning cell fate decisions. This review illustrates how, in addition to its cell memory function, the Polycomb group of transcriptional regulators orchestrates temporal, cell and tissue-specific expression of master genes during development. These highly sophisticated developmental transitions are dependent on the context- and tissue-specific assembly of the different types of Polycomb Group (PcG) complexes, which regulates their targeting and/or activities on chromatin. Here, an overview is provided of how PcG complexes function at multiple scales to regulate transcription, local chromatin environment, and higher order structures that support normal differentiation and are perturbed in tumorigenesis.
HuR controls apoptosis and activation response without effects on cytokine 3’ UTRs

ABSTRACT RNA binding proteins regulate gene expression through several post-transcriptional mechanisms. The broadly expressed HuR/ELAVL1 is important for proper function of multiple immune cell types, and has been proposed to regulate cytokine and other mRNA 3′ UTRs upon activation. However, this mechanism has not been previously dissected in stable cellular settings. In this study, HuR demonstrated strong anti-apoptotic and activation roles in Jurkat T cells. Detailed transcriptomic analysis of HuR knockout cells revealed a substantial negative impact on the activation program, coordinately preventing the expression of immune response gene categories, including all cytokines. Knockout cells showed a significant defect in IL-2 production, which was rescued upon reintroduction of HuR. Interestingly, the mechanism of HuR regulation did not involve control of the cytokine 3′ UTRs: HuR knockout did not affect the activity of 3′ UTR reporters in 293 cells, and had no effect on IL-2 and TNF 3′ UTRs in resting or activated Jurkats. Instead, impaired cytokine production corresponded with defective induction of the IL-2 promoter upon activation. Accordingly, upregulation of NFATC1 was also impaired, without 3′ UTR effects. Together, these results indicate that HuR controls cytokine production through coordinated upstream pathways, and that additional mechanisms must be considered in investigating its function.
Droplet motions fill a periodic table

Significance Droplets and their motions surround us––in art, science, and technology. Yet, droplet motions have resisted classification. Here, we reveal a periodic table (PT) classification of droplet motion that is profound in implication and refreshing in originality. The classical PT of chemical elements is a synthesis of knowledge of monumental stature. This paper provides a parallel PT synthesis of ballistic droplet motions, demonstrates the techniques by which one can identify “motion elements,” and introduces the wettability spectrometer, all enabled by a recent spectral theory of meniscus motions. In the realm of pedagogy, the simplicity of the droplet motion PT provides unique perspective on the chemical PT making concepts like chemical bonding and atomic orbitals more accessible. Drawing parallels to the symmetry breaking of atomic orbitals used to explain the periodic table of chemical elements; here we introduce a periodic table of droplet motions, also based on symmetry breaking but guided by a recent droplet spectral theory. By this theory, higher droplet mode shapes are discovered and a wettability spectrometer is invented. Motions of a partially wetting liquid on a support have natural mode shapes, motions ordered by kinetic energy into the periodic table, each table characteristic of the spherical-cap drop volume and material parameters. For water on a support having a contact angle of about 60°, the first 35 predicted elements of the periodic table are discovered. Periodic tables are related one to another through symmetry breaking into a two-parameter family tree.
Frailty Level Monitoring and Analysis after a Pilot Six-Week Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Using the FRED Exergame Including Biofeedback Supervision in an Elderly Day Care Centre

Background: Frailty is a status of extreme vulnerability to endogenous and exogenous stressors exposing the individual to a higher risk of negative health-related outcomes. Exercise using interactive videos, known as exergames, is being increasingly used to increase physical activity by improving health and the physical function in elderly adults. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the reduction in the degree of frailty, the degree of independence in activities of daily living, the perception of one’s state of health, safety and cardiac healthiness by the exercise done using FRED over a 6-week period in elderly day care centre. Material and Methods: Frail volunteers >65 years of age, with a score of <10 points (SPPB), took part in the study. A study group and a control group of 20 participants respectively were obtained. Following randomisation, the study group (20) took part in 18 sessions in total over 6 months, and biofeedback was recorded in each session. Results: After 6 weeks, 100% of patients from the control group continued evidencing frailty risk, whereas only 5% of patients from the study group did so, with p < 0.001 statistical significance. In the case of the EQ-VAS, the control group worsened (−12.63 points) whereas the study group improved (12.05 points). The Barthel Index showed an improvement in the study group after 6 weeks, with statistically significant evidence and a value of p < 0.003906. Safety compliance with the physical activity exceeded 87% and even improved as the days went by. Discussion: Our results stand out from those obtained by other authors in that FRED is an ad hoc-designed exergame, significantly reduced the presence and severity of frailty in a sample of sedentary elders, thus potentially modifying their risk profile. It in turn improves the degree of independence in activities of daily living and the perception of one’s state of health, proving to be a safe and cardiac healthy exercise. Conclusions: The study undertaken confirms the fact that the FRED game proves to be a valid technological solution for reducing frailty risk. Based on the study conducted, the exergame may be considered an effective, safe and entertaining alternative.
The State of Substance Use Education in Master of Social Work Programs: A Content Analysis of Course Listings and Faculty Profiles

Background: Substance use is currently a pervasive problem among a large proportion of populations served by the social work profession. Several studies have indicated that social workers routinely provide services to clients with direct and indirect substance use needs, making knowledge of substance use interventions and public policies a necessity for social workers to operate effectively in the field. However, despite the regularity of interaction with substance using clients, previous research has suggested that a significant deficit of substance use education currently exists in Master of Social Work (MSW) programs. Methods: To determine the extent of substance use education currently offered by master's-level schools of social work, a content analysis of course listings and full-time faculty profiles was performed on all Council on Social Work Education–accredited programs in the United States (N = 263). The goals of the content analysis were (1) to identify the current prevalence and content of substance use education offered to entire cohorts of MSW students at the national and programmatic levels and (2) to examine the capacity of the full-time MSW faculty workforce to deliver substance use education to MSW students in individual programs. Results: The results of the analyses showed that a significant deficit of formal substance use education does exist in the field of social work education, and that a large proportion of programs lack the faculty personnel necessary to sufficiently offer substance use education to their students. Conclusions: The social work profession needs to make a concerted effort to improve substance use education if social work is to ethically and effectively remain at the forefront of mental health practice in the United States.
Choice between 1- and 2-furrow cytokinesis in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos with tripolar spindles

Excess numbers of centrosomes often lead to multipolar spindles, and thus probably to multipolar mitosis and aneuploidy. In Caenorhabditis elegans, approximately 70% of the paternal emb-27APC6 mutant embryonic cells contained more than 2 centrosomes and formed multipolar spindles. However, only 30% of the cells with tripolar spindles formed 2 cytokinetic furrows. The rest formed 1 furrow, like normal cells. To investigate the mechanism how the cells avoided to form 2 cytokinetic furrows even with a tripolar spindle, we conducted live-cell imaging in emb-27APC6 mutant cells. We found that the chromatids were aligned only on 2 of the 3 sides of the tripolar spindle, and the angle of the tripolar spindle relative to the long axis of the cell correlated with the number of cytokinetic furrow. Our numerical modeling showed that the combination of cell shape, cortical pulling forces, and heterogeneity of centrosome size determines whether cells with tripolar spindle form 1 or 2 cytokinetic furrows.
Drug-Driven Synthetic Lethality: Bypassing Tumor Cell Genetics with a Combination of AsiDNA and PARP Inhibitors

Purpose: Cancer treatments using tumor defects in DNA repair pathways have shown promising results but are restricted to small subpopulations of patients. The most advanced drugs in this field are PARP inhibitors (PARPi), which trigger synthetic lethality in tumors with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency. Using AsiDNA, an inhibitor of HR and nonhomologous end joining, together with PARPi should allow bypassing the genetic restriction for PARPi efficacy. Experimental Design: We characterized the DNA repair inhibition activity of PARPi (olaparib) and AsiDNA by monitoring repair foci formation and DNA damage. We analyzed the cell survival to standalone and combined treatments of 21 tumor cells and three nontumor cells. In 12 breast cancer (BC) cell lines, correlation with sensitivity to each drug and transcriptome were statistically analyzed to identify resistance pathways. Results: Molecular analyses demonstrate that olaparib and AsiDNA respectively prevent recruitment of XRCC1 and RAD51/53BP1 repair enzymes to damage sites. Combination of both drugs increases the accumulation of unrepaired damage resulting in an increase of cell death in all tumor cells. In contrast, nontumor cells do not show an increase of DNA damage nor lethality. Analysis of multilevel omics data from BC cells highlighted different DNA repair and cell-cycle molecular profiles associated with resistance to AsiDNA or olaparib, rationalizing combined treatment. Treatment synergy was also confirmed with six other PARPi in development. Conclusions: Our results highlight the therapeutic interest of combining AsiDNA and PARPi to recapitulate synthetic lethality in all tumors independently of their HR status. Clin Cancer Res; 23(4); 1001–11. ©2016 AACR.
Where Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience Meet: The Search for Grounded Architectures of Cognition

The collaboration between artificial intelligence and neuroscience can produce an understanding of the mechanisms in the brain that generate human cognition. This article reviews multidisciplinary research lines that could achieve this understanding. Artificial intelligence has an important role to play in research, because artificial intelligence focuses on the mechanisms that generate intelligence and cognition. Artificial intelligence can also benefit from studying the neural mechanisms of cognition, because this research can reveal important information about the nature of intelligence and cognition itself. I will illustrate this aspect by discussing the grounded nature of human cognition. Human cognition is perhaps unique because it combines grounded representations with computational productivity. I will illustrate that this combination requires specific neural architectures. Investigating and simulating these architectures can reveal how they are instantiated in the brain. The way these architectures implement cognitive processes could also provide answers to fundamental problems facing the study of cognition.
ppsPCP: a plant presence/absence variants scanner and pan-genome construction pipeline

SUMMARY Since the idea of pan-genomics emerged several tools and pipelines have been introduced for prokaryotic pan-genomics. However, not a single comprehensive pipeline has been reported which could overcome multiple challenges associated with eukaryotic pan-genomics. To aid the eukaryotic pan-genomic studies, here we present ppsPCP pipeline which is designed for eukaryotes especially for plants. It is capable of scanning presence/absence variants (PAVs) and constructing a fully annotated pan-genome. We believe with these unique features of PAV scanning and building a pan-genome together with its annotation, ppsPCP will be useful for plant pan-genomic studies and aid researchers to study genetic/phenotypic variations and genomic diversity. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The ppsPCP is freely available at github DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2567390 and webpage http://cbi.hzau. edu.cn/ppsPCP/.
Women's Health Curricula in Internal Medicine Residency Programs: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND Despite national efforts to expand women's health education, internal medicine (IM) residents remain unprepared to provide comprehensive care to women. The objectives of this scoping review are to provide an overview of published women's health curricula in IM residency programs and to identify potential areas for improvement. METHODS Studies were identified using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Web of Science, and MedEdPORTAL. Inclusion criteria included the following: (1) women's health as defined by the authors (2) description of a curriculum (3) designed for IM residents (4) based in North America, and (5) published between 1998 and 2018. Data abstracted included content, educational and assessment methods, and quality. Descriptive analysis was used to compare data. RESULTS Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria. The most common women's health topics were intimate partner violence (31%) and menopause (31%). Twelve curricula (75%) were implemented in the outpatient setting. Of the teaching methods, didactics (69%) and in-clinic teaching (44%) were most commonly used. All studies that assessed attitudes, knowledge, and/or behavior showed an improvement post-intervention. No studies evaluated patient outcomes. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first review summarizing published women's health curricula in IM residency. There were a limited number of published articles describing women's health curricula. Although content varied, the curricula were effective in improving attitudes, knowledge, and/or behavior with regard to women's health topics. We encourage IM residency programs to develop and disseminate women's health curricula to inform future improvements and advancements in women's health education.
Distribution of the CM-Dil-Labeled Human Umbilical Cord Vein Mesenchymal Stem Cells Migrated to the Cyclophosphamide-Injured Ovaries in C57BL/6 Mice

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used to treat premature ovarian failure (POF). Different methods have already been applied to detect MSCs in tissues. This study aimed to investigate the quantitative distribution of CM-DiI-labeled human umbilical cord vein MSCs (hUCV-MSCs) in different regions of the ovarian tissue of the cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced POF in mice. Methods: Adult female C57BL/6 mice (n = 40) were divided into four groups: (1) Mice receiving PBS as control (Ctrl) group; (2) mice receiving hUCV-MSCs intravenously as Ctrl + hUCV-MSCs group; (3) mice receiving CTX intraperitoneally (i.p.) as CTX group; (4) mice receiving CM-DiI-labeled hUCV-MSCs after CTX injection as CTX + hUCV-MSCs group. Histological changes and CM-DiI-labeled hUCV-MSCs distribution were analyzed in the ovarian tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect human mitochondrial cytochrome b (MTCYB) gene in the ovarian tissues of the mice. Results: The mean number of the fluorescent hUCV-MSCs was 20 ± 2.5 (57.1%) in the medulla, 11.3 ± 2.8 (32.2%) in the cortex, and 5.5 ± 1 (15%) in the germinal epithelium of the ovarian tissue (p < 0.05). Moreover, MTCYB gene was detected in the mice ovaries of the CTX + hUCV-MSCs group, but not in other groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the distribution of the transplanted hUCV-MSCs in different regions of the ovarian tissue is not equal, and it is greater in the medulla than the cortex and germinal epithelium. This is the first report of quantitative distribution of MSCs in different regions of ovarian tissue in the POF model.
RETOUCH: The Retinal OCT Fluid Detection and Segmentation Benchmark and Challenge

Retinal swelling due to the accumulation of fluid is associated with the most vision-threatening retinal diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the current standard of care in assessing the presence and quantity of retinal fluid and image-guided treatment management. Deep learning methods have made their impact across medical imaging, and many retinal OCT analysis methods have been proposed. However, it is currently not clear how successful they are in interpreting the retinal fluid on OCT, which is due to the lack of standardized benchmarks. To address this, we organized a challenge RETOUCH in conjunction with MICCAI 2017, with eight teams participating. The challenge consisted of two tasks: fluid detection and fluid segmentation. It featured for the first time: all three retinal fluid types, with annotated images provided by two clinical centers, which were acquired with the three most common OCT device vendors from patients with two different retinal diseases. The analysis revealed that in the detection task, the performance on the automated fluid detection was within the inter-grader variability. However, in the segmentation task, fusing the automated methods produced segmentations that were superior to all individual methods, indicating the need for further improvements in the segmentation performance.