Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association Between Self-care and Resilience

Background Self-care (SC) is a cornerstone in heart failure management and is related to patient outcomes. The continuous and complex demands of SC can be experienced as stressful and may require patients to apply resilient behaviors as they manage their conditions. Resilience may be a helpful factor in performing SC. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the association between resilience and SC in patients with heart failure. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed between January 2020 and January 2021. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire addressing baseline characteristics, the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire, the Resilience Evaluation Scale, and the Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory, which measures 3 concepts of SC: SC maintenance, SC monitoring, and SC management. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine whether resilience was associated with SC. Results Eighty-six patients were included, and 74 patients completed the questionnaire. In the univariate analysis, an association was found between resilience and SC maintenance, resulting in an increase in SC for patients with higher resilience (β = 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.03–0.96). In the multivariate analysis adjusted and corrected for confounders, no significant associations between resilience and all SC scales were found. Conclusion This study could not demonstrate significant associations between resilience and all SC scales. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on factors that can mediate or moderate SC. Further longitudinal research should be performed to study cause-effect relationships.
Impact of preovulatory estradiol concentrations on subsequent luteal function in beef cattle

Abstract It has been hypothesized that circulating concentrations of estradiol during the preovulatory period, can impact subsequent progesterone concentrations. Ovulation was synchronized in nonlactating beef cows (n = 53). Cows that exhibited estrus before gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced ovulation (d 0) had greater (p<.01) peak concentrations of estradiol compared with cows that did not express estrus (11.5 ± 0.8 vs. 6.2 ± 0.6 pg/mL), respectively, but there was no difference in ovulatory follicle size (p= .80) or interval from GnRH2 to ovulation (p=.23). Circulating concentrations of progesterone during luteal formation (d 3–7; p=.70 and p=.77) or mid-luteal phase (d 8–14; p=.39 and p=.12) were not affected by elevated periovulatory estradiol or an interaction with day. To investigate the direct influence of estradiol on luteal function, ovulation (d 0) was synchronized in nonlactating beef cows and cows were allocated to three groups (control, n = 5; vehicle injection, n = 4; or an estradiol antagonist (Fulvestrant; ICI 182,780), n = 4. Intrafollicular injection of vehicle (100 µL) or an estradiol antagonist (25 μg Fulvestrant in 100 µL) into the largest follicle occurred on d –2. Concentrations of estradiol increased (p<.0001) from d –2 to 0 but did not differ among groups (p>.50). Furthermore, plasma concentrations of progesterone on d 0 through 20 were not affected by treatment (p=.86). These results indicate that elevated preovulatory estradiol before ovulation was not required to prepare granulosa cells for luteinization or subsequent luteal progesterone secretion but did tend to impact luteal lifespan.
Ambient ozone exposure and hospitalization for substance abuse: A time-stratified case-crossover study in Taipei

ABSTRACT A number of studies investigating the possibility that air pollutant exposures increases the risk of adverse effects on mental health including frequency of suicide and depression, is a major growing public health concern. Human data demonstrated that exposure to various ambient air contaminants including ozone (O3) adversely affected nervous system functions. It is also well-established that substance abuse produces central nervous system dysfunctions with resultant increase in suicide rates. However, the role of substance abuse in combination with O3 exposure on mental health remained to be determined. The aim of this investigation was to conduct a time-stratified case-crossover study to examine the possible correlation between short-term ambient O3 exposure and daily hospital admissions for substance abuse, including alcohol dependence syndrome and non-dependent abuse of drugs, in Taipei from 2009 to 2013. In our single pollutant model, a 35% rise in interquartile (IQR) O3 levels on cool days and a 12% elevation on warm days was associated with increase in mental health hospitalizations. In our two-pollutant models, O3 remained significantly associated with elevated number of hospitalizations after adding any one of possible air pollutants, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and CO, to our model on cool and warm days. Data suggested that temperature may affect the association between outdoor ambient air O3 exposure and enhanced risk of hospitalization for substance abuse. Further study is needed to better understand these findings.
Heat Training Efficiently Increases and Maintains Hemoglobin Mass and Temperate Endurance Performance in Elite Cyclists

ABSTRACT Purpose and Methods To test whether heat training performed as 5 × 50-min sessions per week for 5 wk in a heat chamber (CHAMBER) or while wearing a heat suit (SUIT), in temperate conditions, increases hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and endurance performance in elite cyclists, compared with a control group (CON-1). Furthermore, after the 5-wk intervention, we tested whether three sessions per week for 3 wk with heat suit (SUITmain) would maintain Hbmass elevated compared with athletes who returned to normal training (HEATstop) or who continued to be the control group (CON-2). Results During the initial 5 wk, SUIT and CHAMBER increased Hbmass (2.6% and 2.4%) to a greater extent than CON-1 (−0.7%; both P < 0.01). The power output at 4 mmol·L−1 blood lactate and 1-min power output (Wmax) improved more in SUIT (3.6% and 7.3%, respectively) than CON-1 (−0.6%, P < 0.05; 0.2%, P < 0.01), whereas this was not the case for CHAMBER (1.4%, P = 0.24; 3.4%, P = 0.29). However, when SUIT and CHAMBER were pooled this revealed a greater improvement in a performance index (composed of power output at 4 mmol·L−1 blood lactate, Wmax, and 15-min power output) than CON-1 (4.9% ± 3.2% vs 1.7% ± 1.1%, respectively; P < 0.05). During the 3-wk maintenance period, SUITmain induced a larger increase in Hbmass than HEATstop (3.3% vs 0.8%; P < 0.05), which was not different from the control (CON-2; 1.6%; P = 0.19), with no differences between HEATstop and CON-2 (P = 0.52). Conclusions Both SUIT and CHAMBER can increase Hbmass, and pooling SUIT and CHAMBER demonstrates that heat training can increase performance. Furthermore, compared with cessation of heat training, a sustained increase in Hbmass was observed during a subsequent 3-wk maintenance period, although the number of weekly heat training sessions was reduced to 3.
Back to the drawing board-The relationship between self-report and neuropsychological tests of cognitive flexibility in clinical cohorts: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE Cognitive flexibility has been previously described as the ability to adjust cognitive and behavioral strategies in response to changing contextual demands. Cognitive flexibility is typically assessed via self-report questionnaires and performance on neuropsychological tests in research and clinical practice. A common assumption among researchers and clinicians is that self-report and neuropsychological tests of cognitive flexibility assess the same or similar constructs, but the extent of the relationship between these two assessment approaches in clinical cohorts remains unknown. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the relationship between self-report and neuropsychological tests of cognitive flexibility in clinical samples. METHOD We searched 10 databases and relevant gray literature (e.g., other databases and pearling) from inception to October 2020 and used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines. Eleven articles including 405 participants satisfied our eligibility criteria. RESULTS A multilevel random-effects meta-analysis revealed no relationship between self-report and neuropsychological tests of cognitive flexibility (0.01, 95% CI [-0.16 to 0.18]). Individual random-effects meta-analyses between 12 different tests pairs also found no relationship. CONCLUSION Based on our results, it is clear that the two assessment approaches of cognitive flexibility provide independent information-they do not assess the same construct. These findings have important ramifications for future research and clinical practice-there is a need to reconsider what constructs self-report and neuropsychological tests of "cognitive flexibility" actually assess, and avoid the interchangeable use of these assessments in clinical samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Assessment of left ventricle myocardial deformation in a hemorrhagic shock swine model by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography

The analysis of Left Ventricle myocardial deformation using Speckle Tracking Echocardiography proved to be an effective diagnostic tool to determine subclinical cardiac dysfunction associated with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. BACKGROUND Trauma-induced secondary cardiac injury has been associated with significant adverse cardiovascular events. Speckle tracking echocardiography is a novel technology that allows an accurate and reproducible cardiac structure and function assessment. We evaluated the left ventricle (LV) myocardial deformation by speckle tracking echocardiography in a hemorrhagic shock (HS) swine model. METHODS Seven healthy male Landrace pigs were included in this study. Severe HS was reached through three sequentially blood withdraws of 20% of estimated blood volume, and it was maintained for 60 minutes. Volume resuscitation was performed using all precollected blood volume. A 1.8- to 4.2-MHz phased-array transducer was used to acquire the two-dimensional echocardiography images. Strain measurements were obtained semiautomatically by wall motion tracking software. Results are presented as medians and interquartile ranges and compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The median weight was 32 (26.1–33) kg, and the median total blood volume withdrawn was 1,100 (1,080–1,190) mL. During the severe HS period, the median arterial systemic pressure was 39 (36–46) mm Hg, and the cardiac index was 1.7 (1.6–2.0) L/min/m2. There was statistically significant absolute decrease in the global longitudinal strain 2 hours postresuscitation comparing with the basal measurements (−9.6% [−10.7 to −8.0%] vs. −7.9% [−8.1 to −7.4%], p = 0.03). There were no statistically significant differences between the basal and 2 hours postresuscitation assessments in the invasive/noninvasive hemodynamic, other two-dimensional echocardiogram (LV ejection fraction, 49.2% [44–54.3%] vs. 53.2% [51.5–55%]; p = 0.09), and circumferential strain (−10.6% [−14.4 to −9.0%] vs. −8.5% [−8.6 to −5.2%], p = 0.06) parameters. CONCLUSION In this experimental swine model of controlled HS, LV global longitudinal strain analysis accurately characterizes the timing and magnitude of subclinical cardiac dysfunction associated with trauma-induced secondary cardiac injury.
Stigmatizing Attitudes Across Cybersuicides and Offline Suicides: Content Analysis of Sina Weibo

Background The new reality of cybersuicide raises challenges to ideologies about the traditional form of suicide that does not involve the internet (offline suicide), which may lead to changes in audience’s attitudes. However, knowledge on whether stigmatizing attitudes differ between cybersuicides and offline suicides remains limited. Objective This study aims to consider livestreamed suicide as a typical representative of cybersuicide and use social media data (Sina Weibo) to investigate the differences in stigmatizing attitudes across cybersuicides and offline suicides in terms of attitude types and linguistic characteristics. Methods A total of 4393 cybersuicide-related and 2843 offline suicide-related Weibo posts were collected and analyzed. First, human coders were recruited and trained to perform a content analysis on the collected posts to determine whether each of them reflected stigma. Second, a text analysis tool was used to automatically extract a number of psycholinguistic features from each post. Subsequently, based on the selected features, a series of classification models were constructed for different purposes: differentiating the general stigma of cybersuicide from that of offline suicide and differentiating the negative stereotypes of cybersuicide from that of offline suicide. Results In terms of attitude types, cybersuicide was observed to carry more stigma than offline suicide (χ21=179.8; P<.001). Between cybersuicides and offline suicides, there were significant differences in the proportion of posts associated with five different negative stereotypes, including stupid and shallow (χ21=28.9; P<.001), false representation (χ21=144.4; P<.001), weak and pathetic (χ21=20.4; P<.001), glorified and normalized (χ21=177.6; P<.001), and immoral (χ21=11.8; P=.001). Similar results were also found for different genders and regions. In terms of linguistic characteristics, the F-measure values of the classification models ranged from 0.81 to 0.85. Conclusions The way people perceive cybersuicide differs from how they perceive offline suicide. The results of this study have implications for reducing the stigma against suicide.
Microglia maintain the normal structure and function of the hippocampal astrocyte network

Microglial control of activity‐dependent plasticity and synaptic remodeling in neuronal networks has been the subject of intense research in the past several years. Although microglia–neuron interactions have been extensively studied, less is known about how microglia influence astrocyte‐dependent control over neuronal structure and function. Here, we explored a role for microglia in regulating the structure and function of the astrocyte syncytium in mouse hippocampus. After depleting microglia using a CSF1R antagonist (PLX5622, Plexxikon), we observed severe disruption of astrocyte syncytial isopotentiality and dye coupling. A decrease in astrocyte‐specific gap junction connexin (Cx) 30 and 43 expression, at least partially accounts for these microglia‐dependent changes in astrocytes. Because neuronal function requires intact astrocyte coupling, we also evaluated the effects of microglia depletion on synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Without microglia, the strength of synaptic transmission was reduced at baseline and after long‐term potentiation (LTP). Conversely, priming microglia with systemic injections of lipopolysaccharide enhanced CA3‐CA1 synaptic transmission. This microglia‐induced scaling of synaptic transmission was associated with increased expression of post‐synaptic scaffold proteins (Homer1) in CA1. However, astrocyte network function was not affected by microglia priming, indicating that microglia‐dependent effects on astrocytes and neurons vary across functional states. Through manipulation of microglia in the brain, our results reveal the importance of microglia in homeostatic regulation of the astrocyte syncytium and scaling of synaptic transmission. These novel mechanisms uncover a new direction for future studies interrogating microglia function in various physiological and pathological contexts.
Artificial intelligence-based assessments of colonoscopic withdrawal technique: a new method for measuring and enhancing the quality of fold examination

Background This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system for measuring fold examination quality (FEQ) of colonoscopic withdrawal technique. We also examined the relationship between the system’s evaluation of FEQ and FEQ scores from experts, and adenoma detection rate (ADR) and withdrawal time of colonoscopists, and evaluated the system’s ability to improve FEQ during colonoscopy. Methods First, we developed an AI-based system for measuring FEQ. Next, 103 consecutive colonoscopies performed by 11 colonoscopists were collected for evaluation. Three experts graded FEQ of each colonoscopy, after which the recorded colonoscopies were evaluated by the system. We further assessed the system by correlating its evaluation of FEQ against expert scoring, historical ADR, and withdrawal time of each colonoscopist. We also conducted a prospective observational study to evaluate the systemʼs performance in enhancing fold examination. Results The system’s evaluations of FEQ of each endoscopist were significantly correlated with expertsʼ scores (r = 0.871, P < 0.001), historical ADR (r = 0.852, P = 0.001), and withdrawal time (r = 0.727, P = 0.01). For colonoscopies performed by colonoscopists with previously low ADRs (< 25 %), AI assistance significantly improved the FEQ, evaluated by both the AI system (0.29 [interquartile range (IQR) 0.27–0.30] vs. 0.23 [0.17–0.26]) and experts (14.00 [14.00–15.00] vs. 11.67 [10.00–13.33]) (both P < 0.001). Conclusion The system’s evaluation of FEQ was strongly correlated with FEQ scores from experts, historical ADR, and withdrawal time of each colonoscopist. The system has the potential to enhance FEQ.
Factors associated to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Mexican patients with rheumatic diseases: A cross-sectional and multicenter study

ABSTRACT COVID-19 vaccination is recommended in patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs) to prevent hospitalized COVID-19 and worse outcomes. However, patients’ willingness to receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and the associated factors vary across populations, vaccines, and time. The objective was to identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (VA) in Mexican outpatients with RDs. This multicenter study was performed between March 1 and September 30, 2021, and four national centers contributed with patients. Participants filled out a questionnaire, which included 32 items related to patients’ perception of the patient-doctor relationship, the COVID-19 vaccine component, the pandemic severity, the RD-related disability, comorbid conditions control, immunosuppressive treatment impact on the immune system, and moral/civil position of COVID-19 vaccine. Sociodemographic, disease-related, and treatment-related variables and previous influenza record vaccination were also obtained. Multiple logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with VA, which was defined based on a questionnaire validated in our population. There were 1439 patients whose data were analyzed, and the most frequent diagnoses were Rheumatoid Arthritis in 577 patients (40.1%) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in 427 (29.7%). Patients were primarily middle-aged women (1235 [85.8%]), with (mean±SD) 12.1 (±4.4) years of formal education. Years of education, corticosteroid use, patient perceptions about the vaccine and the pandemic severity, patient civil/moral position regarding COVID-19 vaccine, and previous influenza vaccination were associated with VA. In Mexican patients with RDs, COVID-19 VA is associated with individual social-demographic and disease-related factors, patient´s perceptions, and previous record vaccination. This information is crucial for tailoring effective vaccine messaging in Mexican patients with RDs.
Regulatory transcription factors of Clostridioides difficile pathogenesis with a focus on toxin regulation

Abstract Clostridioides difficile (CD), a nosocomial gut pathogen, produces two major exotoxins, TcdA and TcdB, which disrupt the gut epithelial barrier and induce inflammatory/immune responses, leading to symptoms ranging from mild diarrhoea to pseudomembranous colitis and potentially to death. The expression of toxins is regulated by various transcription factors (TFs) which are induced in response to CD physiological life stages, nutritional availability, and host environment. This review summarises our current understanding on the regulation of toxin expression by TFs that interconnect with pathways of flagellar synthesis, quorum sensing, motility, biofilm formation, sporulation, and phase variation. The pleiotropic roles of some key TFs suggest that toxin production is tightly linked to other cellular processes of the CD physiology. Summary This review summarises the current knowledge of the transcription factors involved in regulation of toxin production, which is affected by C. difficile physiological life stages, nutritional availability, and host environment in the gut.
Evaluating the Effect of Semantic Congruency and Valence on Multisensory Integration

Previous studies demonstrate that semantics, the higher level meaning of multi-modal stimuli, can impact multisensory integration. Valence, an affective response to images, has not yet been tested in non-priming response time (RT) or temporal order judgement (TOJ) tasks. This study aims to investigate both semantic congruency and valence of non-speech audiovisual stimuli on multisensory integration via RT and TOJ tasks (assessing processing speed (RT), point of subjective simultaneity (PSS), and time-window when multisensory stimuli are likely to be perceived as simultaneous (Temporal Binding Window; TBW)). Forty participants (mean age: 26.25; females=17) were recruited from Prolific Academic resulting in 37 complete datasets. Both congruence and valence have a significant main effect on RT (congruent and high valence decrease RT) as well as an interaction effect (congruent/high valence condition being significantly faster than all others). For TOJ, images high in valence require visual stimuli to be presented significantly earlier than auditory stimuli in order for the audio and visual stimuli to be perceived as simultaneous. Further, a significant interaction effect of congruence and valence on the PSS revealed that the congruent/high valence condition was significantly earlier than all other conditions. A subsequent analysis shows there is a positive correlation between the TBW width (b-values) and RT (as the TBW widens, the RT increases) for the categories that differed most from 0 in their PSS (Congruent/High and Incongruent/Low). This study provides new evidence that supports previous research on semantic congruency and presents a novel incorporation of valence into behavioural responses.
Recovery after deficiency: Systemic copper prioritization and partitioning in the leaves and stems of hybrid poplar.

Copper (Cu) is important for many aspects of plant function including photosynthesis. It has been suggested that photosynthesis, especially in young leaves is prioritized for Cu delivery after deficiency in hybrid poplar (Shahbaz et al. 2015). To determine relative Cu delivery prioritization, we enriched hydroponic plant growth media of Cu deficient poplar with 98% 65Cu and tracked Cu delivery after deficiency to young leaves, mature leaves, and stems. Young leaves acquired ~ 58% more 65Cu on day 1 and ~ 65% more 65Cu by day 3 compared to mature leaves. Additionally, stomatal conductance (gs) was measured on leaves for 6 weeks and during a 3-day 65Cu pulse resupply period. During deficiency, mature leaves maintained a higher gs than younger leaves but three days after Cu resupply the younger leaves that had recovered showed the highest gs. In conclusion, these results provide a quantitative understanding of how Cu is systemically transported and distributed to photosynthetic and stem tissues.
Predictors of renal impairment and proteinuria after commencement of antiretroviral therapy in a Zimbabwean HIV cohort

Renal disease prevalence varies widely amongst reported cohorts of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in sub‐Saharan Africa. Renal function testing is not routine in those commencing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the region, however. Further data on renal disease prevalence and the change associated with ART use are therefore needed.