Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ML-based Power Estimation of Convolutional Neural Networks on GPGPUs

The increasing application of Machine Learning (ML) techniques on the Internet of Things (IoTs) has led to the leverage of ML accelerators like General Purpose Computing on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPUs) in such devices. However, selecting the most appropriate accelerator for IoT devices is very challenging as they commonly have tight constraints e.g., low power consumption, latency, and cost of the final product. Hence, the design of such application-specific IoT devices becomes a time-consuming and effort-hungry process, that poses the need for accurate and effective automated assisting methods.In this paper, we present a novel approach to estimate the power consumption of CUDA-based Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on GPGPUs in the early design phases. The proposed approach takes advantage of a hybrid technique where static analysis is used for features extraction and the K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) regression analysis is utilized for power estimation model generation. Using K-NN analysis, the power estimation model can even be created with small training datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to predict CNNs power consumption up to a Absolute Percentage Error of 0.0003% in comparison to the real hardware.
Magnetic field effects on the structure and molecular behavior of pigeon iron–sulfur protein

Pigeon iron–sulfur (Fe–S) cluster assembly 1 homolog (clISCA1) is a target protein for research into the biomagnetoreception mechanism, as the clCRY4/clISCA1 oligomer, a complex composed of the columnar clISCA1 oligomer and the magnetosensor candidate protein cryptochrome‐4 (clCRY4) oligomer, tends to orient itself along weak magnetic fields, such as geomagnetic fields, under blue light. To obtain insight into the magnetic orientation mechanism of the clCRY4/clISCA1 oligomer, we inspected magnetic field effects on the structure and molecular behavior of clISCA1 by small angle X‐ray scattering analysis. The results indicated that the clISCA1 protomer took the Fe–S cluster‐bound globular form and unbound rod‐like form. The globular clISCA1 protomer assembled to form columnar oligomers, which allowed for the binding of many Fe–S clusters at the interface between clISCA1 protomers. Moreover, the translational diffusion and the columnar oligomerization of clISCA1 were controlled by the external static magnetic field and Fe–S clusters bound to clISCA1. However, the columnar clISCA1 oligomer was not oriented along the external static magnetic field (~1 T) when clCRY4 was not bound to clISCA1. This result indicated that clCRY4 has a function to enhance the magnetic orientational property of clCRY4/clISCA1 oligomer.
Bidirectional AC–DC Modular Multilevel Converter With Electric Spring Functions for Stabilizing Renewable AC Power Grid at the Distribution Voltage Level

Bidirectional ac–dc power converters are essential in emerging smart grids with increasing renewable energy penetration. This article presents a bidirectional ac–dc power converter system comprising modular multilevel converters (MMCs) and dual active bridges (DABs) with medium-frequency transformer isolation designed for linking an ac distribution voltage of 6.6 kV to a dc grid of 800 V for future electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. The novel contributions include: 1) a modular method to power EV charging infrastructures in multistorey carparks without mains-frequency transformers and 2) the incorporation of a front-end control with electric spring (ES) functions that enable the dc power grid with battery energy storage to interact dynamically with the ac power grid at the distribution voltage level to achieve instantaneous power balance and hence system stability. The long-term aim is to use large EV charging infrastructures to stabilize increasing intermittent renewable energy via the proposed ac–dc converter, consequently accelerating the adoption of large-scale renewable energy and EV as a complementary solution to combat climate change. This article focuses on the bidirectional ac–dc converter of this overall idea based on the MMC and DAB technologies as an example. Results on the power converter operation level and ac microgrid level are included.
Novel Polymorphisms and Genetic Characteristics of the Shadow of Prion Protein Gene (SPRN) in Cats, Hosts of Feline Spongiform Encephalopathy

Prion diseases are transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) caused by pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) originating from normal prion protein (PrPC) and have been reported in several types of livestock and pets. Recent studies have reported that the shadow of prion protein (Sho) encoded by the shadow of prion protein gene (SPRN) interacts with prion protein (PrP) and accelerates prion diseases. In addition, genetic polymorphisms in the SPRN gene are related to susceptibility to prion diseases. However, genetic polymorphisms in the feline SPRN gene and structural characteristics of the Sho have not been investigated in cats, a major host of feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE). We performed amplicon sequencing to identify feline SPRN polymorphisms in the 623 bp encompassing the open reading frame (ORF) and a small part of the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the SPRN gene. We analyzed the impact of feline SPRN polymorphisms on the secondary structure of SPRN mRNA using RNAsnp. In addition, to find feline-specific amino acids, we carried out multiple sequence alignments using ClustalW. Furthermore, we analyzed the N-terminal signal peptide and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor using SignalP and PredGPI, respectively. We identified three novel SNPs in the feline SPRN gene and did not find strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) among the three SNPs. We found four major haplotypes of the SPRN polymorphisms. Strong LD was not observed between PRNP and SPRN polymorphisms. In addition, we found alterations in the secondary structure and minimum free energy of the mRNA according to the haplotypes in the SPRN polymorphisms. Furthermore, we found four feline-specific amino acids in the feline Sho using multiple sequence alignments among several species. Lastly, the N-terminal signal sequence and cutting site of the Sho protein of cats showed similarity with those of other species. However, the feline Sho protein exhibited the shortest signal sequence and a unique amino acid in the omega-site of the GPI anchor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on genetic polymorphisms of the feline SPRN gene.
Unusual Lipid Components of Legionella gormanii Membranes

Legionella spp. cause Legionnaires’ disease with pneumonia as the predominant clinical symptom. L. gormanii is the second most prevalent causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia after L. pneumophila. The study aimed to characterize the lipidome of L. gormanii membranes and the importance of these analyses in bacterial chemotaxonomy. Lipidomic analyses based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry allowed the detection of individual molecular species of a wide range of L. gormanii membrane lipids contained in the outer (OM) and inner membranes (IM). The lipid profile comprised glycerolipids (triglycerides, diglycerides), phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin), and sphingolipids (ceramides, hexosylceramides). The most abundant lipid fraction in the IM and OM were phospholipids. The lipidomic analysis showed that two independent phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis pathways operating in L. gormanii: the PE-methylation (PmtA) pathway and the PC synthase (Pcs) pathway. Comparison of the molecular profile of PC species contained in the lipids of L. gormanii membranes cultured on the medium, with and without exogenous choline, showed quantitative differences in the PC pool. An unusual feature of the L. gormanii lipids was the presence of ceramides and hexosylceramides, which are typical components of eukaryotic cells and a very small group of bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of ceramides in Legionella bacteria.
A Comprehensive Study of Direct Torque Control (DTC) and Predictive Torque Control (PTC) for High Performance Electrical Drives

Abstract This paper presents an experimental evaluation between Direct Torque Control (DTC) and Finite Control State Predictive Torque Control (FCS-PTC) applied to induction machines. Both control strategies have features in common: absence of a modulator, fast dynamics. Regarding the conceptual understanding and system constraints the PTC method shows advantages compared to the DTC method. However, compared to PTC, DTC method has lower calculation time. An experimental comparison is carried out in this work. The same average switching frequencies at specific operating points for two control methods are taken into account in order to reach a fair comparison. The experiments confirm that both PTC and DTC methods reach good results and achieve very comparable performance both in steady and transient states.
FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT SCREENING IN THE PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST IN HIGH SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Functional Movement Screening is a qualitative triage of human movement based on a classification and scoring system which includes seven tests to evaluate basic movement patterns where muscle limitations or asymmetries are identified. Its scale has 21 points, with 14 being the limit of normality. Adolescence is critical to improving athletic ability, and the validity of applying this screening technique to discover potential injuries is questioned. Objective: To verify the validity of functional movement screening on the early detection and correction of dysfunctional movements to implement physical fitness in adolescents. Methods: Functional movement screening was performed on students from a school. According to the screening requirements, functional movement examinations were performed before (October 2017) and after (December 2017) intervention with individual demand functional training. Results: After functional training, students’ physical fitness increased from 13.00±0.44 to 14.77±0.28 points (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of functional movement assessment can analyze the physical problems of adolescents in universities and colleges. Targeted functional training can effectively improve the physical fitness of adolescents in schools and colleges. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies – Investigating the results.
Tuning the Frölich interactions in bismuth modified lead sulphide quantum dots to minimize the excitonic carrier energy dissipation

The hot phonon bottleneck effect and the reduced carrier‐phonon interactions in quantum‐confined systems would lead to long‐lived excitonic carrier. Importantly, these phenomena prevent the carrier energy dissipation, and consequently improve the efficiency of optoelectronic devices like solar cells. Aiming this, the excellent sensitizing properties of bismuth modified lead sulphide (Bi:PbS) quantum dots (QDs) with reduced carrier‐phonon interactions are demonstrated. Further, the multiple excitonic transition states are probed from the derivatives of absorbance spectra. In the final section, both Fano interaction analysis and Huang‐Rhys factor confirms the minimum carrier‐phonon coupling in Bi:PbS QDs. The phonon lifetime is calculated by the Cuscó equation and the obtained results endorse that Bi:PbS QDs are excellent sensitizers for solar cell applications.
An Uncommon Mullerian Anomaly Without Classification: Septate Uterus with Cervical Duplication and a Longitudinal Vaginal Septum

The most common form of structural uterine anomaly is the septate uterus, which has the highest rate of reproductive failure. An uncommon type of development is a septate uterus with cervical duplication and a complete longitudinal vaginal septum. We report a 26-year-old woman with infertility complaints. We performed diagnostic procedures and noticed that the patient had a septate uterus and cervical duplication with a longitudinal vaginal septum. It is an uncommon Mullerian anomaly that does not fit into the current assortment system of Mullerian anomalies by the American Fertility Society (AFS).
Mechanisms of masking by Schroeder-phase harmonic tone complexes in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Schroeder-phase harmonic tone complexes can have a flat temporal envelope and either rising or falling instantaneous-frequency sweeps within periods of the fundamental frequency (F0), depending on the phase-scaling parameter C. Human thresholds for tone detection in a concurrent Schroeder masker are 10-15 dB lower for positive C values (rising frequency sweeps) compared to negative (falling sweeps), potentially due to the impulse response of cochlear filtering, though this hypothesis remains controversial. Birds provide an interesting animal model for studies of Schroeder masking because prior reports suggest less behavioral threshold difference between maskers with opposite C values. However, most behavioral studies focused on relatively low masker F0s, and neurophysiological mechanisms in birds have not been explored. We performed behavioral Schroeder-masking experiments in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) using a wide range of masker F0 and C values. The signal frequency was 2800 Hz. Neural recordings at the midbrain processing level characterized encoding of behavioral stimuli in awake animals. Behavioral thresholds increased with increasing masker F0 and showed minimal difference between opposite C values, consistent with prior studies. Neural recordings showed prominent temporal and rate-based encoding of Schroeder F0, and in many neurons, marked response asymmetry between Schroeder stimuli with opposite C values. Neural thresholds for Schroeder-masked tone detection were (1) in most cases based on a response decrement compared to the masker alone, consistent with prominent modulation tuning in midbrain neurons, and (2) generally similar between opposite masker C values. These results highlight the likely importance of envelope cues in behavioral studies of Schroeder masking.
Effect of Pulsed Endwall Injection on Flow Separation and Vortex Structure of a Compressor Cascade

Pulsed endwall air injection (PEAI) is an effective method to eliminate flow separation and improve blade loading of compressor. Most studies on PEAI have focused on improving the aerodynamic performance of compressor, and few studies investigated the influence on the flow field in detail, especially vortex structure in compressors. Aiming at revealing the effect mechanism of PEAI on flow separation and vortex structure, unsteady numerical study is carried out. The effect of PEAI parameters (frequency and amplitude) on flow field of compressor cascade is addressed. Results show that cascade loss coefficient and endwall loss coefficient of cascade are respectively reduced 13.92% and 28.24% under the optimal PEAI scheme. Higher injection amplitude leads to more decrease of corner separation and deterioration of flow field at mid-span, and double concentration shedding vortex (CSV) structure is found when injection amplitude is 1.40. As the injection frequency increasing, the regular injection leads to a series of “injection vortexes” distributing with equal interval, which suppress CSV and PV. Keywords: axial flow compressor, corner separation, flow control, pulsed endwall air injection, vortex structure
Design and determination of the efficiency of a slanting-type solar water distillation kit

The solar water distillation system is a non-toxic and promising device for water purification. A slanting-type solar water distillation kit was fabricated and tested outdoor under the meteorological conditions of Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria. The system consists of four major components; a wooden basin of surface area 0.16 m 2 , an absorber surface, a slanting glass roof and a condensate channel. Locally available materials were used to fabricate the solar still. The solar still produced an average of 0.09 m 3 of distilled water per day, and this study was performed in the month of November, 2015. Daily efficiencies of the distillation kit were estimated and the average efficiency of the kit was found to be 7.7%. Though the efficiency is small as is peculiar to many solar systems, the output can be increased by increasing some parameters like the surface area, slanting angle of the roof, and the evaporation rate. Also, since the materials are readily available, one can fabricate as many solar distillation kits as possible to tackle the daily demand of potable water. Solar distillation kits can also serve as sources of distilled water for our hospitals and industries. http://dx.doi. org/10.4314/njt.v36i2. 41
Degree‐Depth Relation for Planetary Gravity Field Model Based on Wavelength

In this paper we investigate the relation between the spherical harmonic (SH) degree of gravity field model and the corresponding depth of the source body. By investigating the gravity of a buried point mass, we find that a relationship can be found between the horizontal extent of the signal (which we assume to be indicative of the wavelength) and the depth of the source. We introduce a threshold to define the gravity anomaly wavelength of an isolated mass body. The region where the gravity anomaly of an isolated mass body is larger than the threshold defines its gravity anomaly wavelength. For an isolated point mass with fixed total mass, the wavelength is a function of the depth. The ratio between the maximum wavelength and the depth at which the maximum wavelength occurs (effective resolvable depth) is invariant provided that the mass and threshold are determined. When this maximum wavelength is larger than the minimum resolvable wavelength of n‐degree gravity field, this isolated mass body is considered as a reliable density feature. Combining the relation between maximum wavelength and effective resolvable depth of the isolated mass body and the relation between minimum resolvable wavelength and SH degree of gravity field, we derived the degree‐depth relation under the limiting resolvable condition: d=πR2n $\,d=\frac{\pi R}{\sqrt{2}n}$ . This relation was validated with Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory gravity field data at lunar Orientale basin region, and provided insights for the planetary gravity field analysis.
Standardized Evenhanded Vector Selection Technique Used in Model Predictive Torque and Flux Controller

Although Model Predictive Torque Control (MPTC) method is considerably noticed during recent decades in literature due to its ability to direct control of several criteria (such as torque and flux), it couldn’t find a remarkable role in industrial applications yet. The main challenge is vector selection when the focus on promoting one criterion will cause to lose the others. To solve the conflict, many different methods have been introduced such as applying online weighting factors, ranking methods, sequential methods which all have pros and cons. The proposed method has been designed to select the best vector by considering both criteria (Torque and Flux) impartially. Comparing the results shows, by applying the method, torque ripples are decreased while the other features remain unchanged.
A Network Combining a Transformer and a Convolutional Neural Network for Remote Sensing Image Change Detection

With the development of deep learning techniques in the field of remote sensing change detection, many change detection algorithms based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and nonlocal self-attention (NLSA) mechanisms have been widely used and have obtained good detection accuracy. However, these methods mainly extract semantic features on images from different periods without taking into account the temporal dependence between these features. This will lead to more “pseudo-change” in complex scenes. In this paper, we propose a network architecture named UVACD for bitemporal image change detection. The network combines a CNNs extraction backbone for extracting high-level semantic information with a visual transformer. Here, visual transformer constructs change intensity tokens to complete the temporal information interaction and suppress irrelevant information weights to help extract more distinguishable change features. Our network is validated and tested on both the LEVIR-CD and WHU datasets. For the LEVIR-CD dataset, we achieve an intersection over union (IoU) of 0.8398 and an F1 score of 0.9130. For the WHU dataset, we achieve an IoU of 0.8664 and an F1 score of 0.9284. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms some previous state of the art change detection methods.
Distribution, growth and productivity of Larix decidua Mill. plantations in the western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

This study provides an analysis of the distribution of European larch in artificial forest stands in Ukraine. It was found that the potential area for the successful cultivation of this species can be not only the Western but also the Right-Bank and Left-Bank Forest-Steppe. The study has confirmed that European larch plantations, with the appropriate technology for planting and cultivation, are marked by rapid growth, high productivity and resistance. Under the forest site conditions of types C2, D2, and D3, in which the largest number of larch stands were built, a tendency was revealed towards an increased volume of stemwood with an increasing share of larch in the stand composition. Constructed regression models formalize this dependence. With advancing age, the influence of larch on an increase in the growing stock of plantations is reduced. Productivity and growth character of larch plantations in different types of forest growth conditions are different. European larch can form steady-state and highly productive plantations not only in fresh, but also in moist types of forest growth conditions. Under conditions of a fresh fertile site type (D2), as evidenced by the results of ANOVA, the share of larch in the composition of the stand has a significant impact on the main mensuration indices of the stand. The highest values for the average height are characteristic of larch with its significant share in the composition of plantations (6-10 units), and the highest values for the average stem diameter were observed with an average share of the species (3, 5-8 units). It is noted that the technology for the establishment and management of artificial larch plantations should be differentiated depending on the type of forest growth conditions by using optimal mixing and spacing schemes and appropriate silviculture regimes that regulate the share of larch in these stands. Keywords: European larch, forest plantation, forest stand, type of site conditions, stand composition