Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing the Shape of Lactation Curve and Persistency of Holstein Friesian Cows in High Altitude of Eastern Turkey

Abstract Güler, O. and Yanar, M. 2009. Factors influencing the shape of lactation curve and persistency of Holstein Friesian cows in high altitude of Eastern Turkey. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 35: 39–44. Data on 371 lactation records pertaining to Holstein Friesian cows reared in high altitude and harsh climatic conditions of Eastern Turkey were analyzed to study the effects of different non-genetic factors on the shape of lactation curve and persistency measures. Calving season affected significantly (P<0.01) a, b, c as well as Tomax, PII/PI and CV from measures of persistency, while days in milk (DIM) at peak yield, peak yield (Ymax) and S were not influenced by calving season. Calving year also affected (P<0.05) DIM at peak yield and a, b, c, S, PII/PI and CV (P<0.01). The significant and positive phenotypic correlation of peak yield with 305 DIM yield suggested that Ymax could be used as a selection criterion to improve milk yield of Holstein Friesian cows reared in high altitude of Eastern Turkey.
Testing bias adjustment methods for regional climate change applications under observational uncertainty and resolution mismatch

Systematic biases in climate models hamper their direct use in impact studies and, as a consequence, many statistical bias adjustment methods have been developed to calibrate model outputs against observations. The application of these methods in a climate change context is problematic since there is no clear understanding on how these methods may affect key magnitudes, for example, the climate change signal or trend, under different sources of uncertainty. Two relevant sources of uncertainty, often overlooked, are the sensitivity to the observational reference used to calibrate the method and the effect of the resolution mismatch between model and observations (downscaling effect). In the present work, we assess the impact of these factors on the climate change signal of temperature and precipitation considering marginal, temporal and extreme aspects. We use eight standard and state‐of‐the‐art bias adjustment methods (spanning a variety of methods regarding their nature—empirical or parametric—, fitted parameters and trend‐preservation) for a case study in the Iberian Peninsula. The quantile trend‐preserving methods (namely quantile delta mapping (QDM), scaled distribution mapping (SDM) and the method from the third phase of ISIMIP‐ISIMIP3) preserve better the raw signals for the different indices and variables considered (not all preserved by construction). However, they rely largely on the reference dataset used for calibration, thus presenting a larger sensitivity to the observations, especially for precipitation intensity, spells and extreme indices. Thus, high‐quality observational datasets are essential for comprehensive analyses in larger (continental) domains. Similar conclusions hold for experiments carried out at high (approximately 20 km) and low (approximately 120 km) spatial resolutions.
Performance Analysis in Heterogeneous Networks with Spatiotemporal Traffic and Scheduling

In this work, we consider interference performance under direct data transmission in a heterogeneous network. The heterogeneous network consists of K-tier base stations and users, whose locations follow independent Poisson point processes (PPPs). Packet arrivals of users follow independent Bernoulli processes. Two different scheduling policies, round-robin (RR) and random scheduling (RS), are employed to all the Base Stations (BS). The universal frequency reuse mode is adopted to reveal actual spectrum reuse. By leveraging stochastic geometry and queueing theory, the interference interactions of the proposed network are accurately modelled. Accurate expressions for the mean packet throughputs of the network under universal frequency reuse mode are derived. The simulation results explore the optical bias factors in heterogeneous networks to maximize the mean packet throughput. Under a given user density, by changing BS densities, we achieved a certain mean packet throughput level.
Recent Developments in NAD(P)H Regeneration for Enzymatic Reductions in One- and Two-Phase Systems

This review discusses recent achievements in the field of cofactor regeneration for the nicotinamide cofactors NADH and NADPH. The examples discussed include alcohol dehydrogenases, formate dehydrogenase, glucose dehydrogenase and a hydrogenase. For the reaction either one-phase systems or two-phase systems in combination with an organic solvent are discussed. For the enantioselective reduction of 2-octanone to (R)-2-octanol it could be shown that enzyme coupled NADPH regeneration with glucose dehydrogenase and glucose results in shorter reaction times and higher yields when compared to the substrate coupled regeneration with 2-propanol. ADH: alcohol dehydrogenase; LDH: Lactose dehydrogenase; GDH: Glucose dehydrogenase; FDH: Formate dehydrogenase; LB-ADH: alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis; HL-ADH: alcohol dehydrogenase from horse liver; TB-ADH: alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobicum brockii; PS-GDH: Glucose dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas species; [BMIM][PF6]: Butyl-methyl-imidazoliumhexafluorophosphate
Employee Deviance as By-product of Psychological Contract: The Moderating Effects of Power Distance among Employees in Insurance Companies in Nigeria

Employees have expectations from their organizations; whether they are written, contractual, or not, these expectations have an equally employee outcome such as employee deviance. Indices indicate that employee deviance is on the increase especially in the organized private sector; thus, this study evaluated employee deviance as by-product of psychological contract and power distance among a sample of employees (289) from insurance organizations in Nigeria with an average age of 34.50 years and standard deviation of 3.50. The study sought to ascertain the relationship between psychological contract and employee deviance and whether perceptions of power distance moderated this relationship. Psychological contract inventory (PCI), Power distance scale adapted from CVSCALE Five-dimensional scale of individual cultural values and Workplace deviant behaviour scale were utilized for data collection. The result of data analysis indicated that the adjusted R for step 1 is . 24 at F(42.06) p < . 01. In the second model, the Original Research Article Etodike et al.; ARJASS, 10(4): 44-54, 2020; Article no.ARJASS. 56380 45 adjusted R is . 26 and R change is . 002. This R change was significant at F (33.76), df = 285 p < . 01. The Beta coefficient for model 2 shows that psychological contract significantly and negatively predicted employee deviant behaviours at Beta value, thus, the first hypothesis was confirmed at β = -. 68, p < . 01. Similarly, power distance significantly and positively predicted employee deviant behaviour at β coefficient value of . 34, p < . 01, thus, the second hypothesis was also confirmed. Also, the third hypothesis where power distance moderated the relationship between psychological contract and employee deviant behaviour was confirmed at β =. 27, p < . 01. The study concludes that organizations whose interests do not account for the expectations of their employees are at risk of higher levels of employees’ deviance either as byproduct of psychological contract violations or as a retaliatory behaviour.
Enhancing Critical Thinking in Analyzing Short Story “The Lazy Jack” Viewed from Identity Theory

This paper aims to describe and discuss the messages and meanings of the short story “The Lazy Jack”. The significance of this research is for building new frame that analyzing literary work is only viewed from the setting or character in a simple manner, but also can be viewed from identity theory assisted with critical thinking as the thinking approach rationally and based on the reason. The basis of reasoning is based on the researchers’ capacity in deepening and learning the situations and conflict happening to the character in the story. It is qualitative research in which the data collection is started from coding obtained from the text “The Lazy Jack” in line with the goal of the research. The result of this research shows that Jack does not have a firm personal identity, firm life principle, life vision, and struggling for survival. He is the one dependent on others although he always fails to learn to be better. It means that Jack is without personal and social identity.
Conceptualizing a new model for luxury brand purchase intention in an emerging country setting

Abstract Most of the research on luxury brands has been conducted across rich Western countries. The resulting models may reflect socio-economic and cultural attributes of these countries that do not exist elsewhere. This paper proposes a model suitable for emerging countries that are asserting themselves on the global stage thanks to globalization. This proposed model will be used to pursue a comprehensive scholary study across Sri Lanka. The main attributes of studies in luxury consumption research include consumers’ attitude, identity, personality, mindset, values, social influence, and financial power. Our proposed model combines these attributes along with personal cultural orientation. The exogenous factors of this model are Self-identity, Experiential Value, Consumption Value, Individual Difference, Social Influence, Consumption Type. The endogenous factors are Brand Consciousness, Brand Love, and Attitude Toward Luxury.
Floral Structure, Anther Development, and Pollen Dispersal of Halophytum ameghinoi (Halophytaceae)

A developmental and anatomical study of the staminate flowers of Halophytum ameghinoi showed decussate tepal estivation; residual growth of the receptacle after stamen inception; monocotyledonous and basic types of anther wall development; secretory, binucleate tapetal cells; tetrahedral tetrads; and binucleate pollen grains. A vacuolate stage in the archesporial cells, the structure of endothecial thickenings, and a mechanism of anther dehiscence by connective contraction are new autapomorphies for this family. Anemophily is confirmed (Plantago‐type syndrome), and field studies of pollen release showed a subtle mechanism involving rigid anther wall structure, versatile anther insertion, and abaxial subterminal pores. In air currents, while anthers flutter with pores directed upwind, pollen is extracted presumably by a cavitation effect of the hooded anther tip. In a phylogenetic context, anemophily of Halophytum is of isolated occurrence within Caryophyllales, and uniovulate ovaries in sister clades probably represent a prerequisite for evolution of anemophily.
An NDEA Model as Policy Tool to Support Managerial Decisions

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric frontier approach used both to model production processes and/or production organisations of goods and services (public and private) as inputs/output systems and to measure their relative efficiency. However, in addition to being an instrument for measuring economic performances, the DEA is also used in its multiplicative version as a policy tool to support managerial decisions for the pursuit of competing objectives. Based on the data, the DEA offers an answer to the pursuit of competing objectives by placing it as a trade-off and calculating the optimal weights associated with each of them. Here, we will address two questions: 1) how to overcome the DEA modelling of decision-making units as "black boxes" that use inputs to be translated into outputs to taking into account the operations/stages involved in this transformation process, and 2) how to use the Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) approach as a policy tool. In particular, we will propose a way to use a relational NDEA model as a policy tool by exploiting the possibility of making assumptions about the model variables. In our opinion, compared to the standard DEA, the advantage of using the NDEA as a policy tool is that the policy objectives (in this case organisational) can also be disaggregated at the sub-process level. In particular, we will propose to translate the system of organisational objectives into an NDEA model as a mix of "discretionary/non-discretionary" assumptions about the variables of the model itself. To clarify our proposal, we will then develop an application in the public health services sector.
Use of Rep-PCR for Genetic Diversity Analyses in Fusarium culmorum

Fusarium culmorum is a pathogen of economically important grain crops. In this work, Rep-PCR was used to identify genetic diversity in F. culmorum isolates which have been collected from wheat fields in Turkey. Reproducible genomic fingerprints were amplified in each strain by PCRs of prokaryotic repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) and BOX sequences. Totally 104 molecular markers were evaluated and similarity comparisons were shown as a dendrogram. The average genetic diversity was 52.3% ranging from 15.8% to 88.7% according to the Rep-PCR data. Cluster analysis showed agreement with the distance of sampling locations. The highest genetic similarity (84.2%) was determined between two F. culmorum isolates (F1 and F2) originated from the same agro-ecological region. Our results showed that Rep-PCR is convenient and rapid for genetic diversity analyses and strain differentiation in F. culmorum.
Nuclear Targeting of Transforming Growth Factor-β-activated Smad Complexes*

Upon stimulation by the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), Smad2 and Smad3 are phosphorylated at their C termini and assemble into stable heteromeric complexes with Smad4. These complexes are the functional entities that translocate into the nucleus and regulate the expression of TGF-β target genes. Here we report that the TGF-β-activated phospho-Smad3/Smad4 complex utilizes an importin-independent mechanism for nuclear import and engages different nucleoporins for nuclear import compared with the monomeric Smad4. Within the heteromeric complex, phospho-Smad3 appears to dominate over Smad4 in the nuclear import process and guides the complex to its nuclear destination. We also demonstrate that the binding of phospho-Smad3 to Smad4 prevents Smad4 from interacting with the nuclear export receptor chromosome region maintenance 1. In this way, TGF-β signaling suppresses nuclear export of Smad4 by chromosome region maintenance 1 and thereby targets Smad4 into the nucleus. Indeed tumorigenic mutations in Smad4 that affect its interaction with Smad2 or Smad3 impair nuclear accumulation of Smad4 in response to TGF-β.
Forced axial vibration of micro and nanobeam under axial harmonic moving and constant distributed forces via nonlocal strain gradient theory

Abstract In this paper the forced axial vibration of a nanobeam by deploying the nonlocal strain gradient theory exposed to a distributed moving force, is investigated. The assumed nanobeam in this paper is under the axial constant distributed load. The governing equations of the vibration of the nanobeam are obtained via the classic beam theory and the Hamilton principle. The determined partial differential equations are converted to differential equations by applying the assumed modes method. The dynamic axial displacement of the nanobeam along its length, is obtained by solving the differential equations via the convolution integral. The effect of length scale parameter, nonlocal parameter, velocity parameter, the constant distributed load and the excitation frequency on the maximum nondimensional dynamic axial displacement of the nanobeam are analyzed. Accordingly, the effect of these two parameters on the maximum nondimensional axial displacement of the nanobeam under the harmonic moving load is of significance importance.
The influence of nitrogen and defoliation on digestibility and fibre content of Lolium multiflorum cv. Midmar

The influence of different N fertiliser application levels (0, 150, 300 and 450kg N ha–1) in combination with different defoliation intervals (every 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks and twice a season) on the digestibility and fibre component of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) cv. Midmar was investigated. Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD), Neutral and Acid Detergent Fibre (NDF and ADF) were determined. OMD, NDF and ADF content were significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by N level, defoliation interval and the interaction between these two factors. Nitrogen level had a lesser influence on OMD, NDF and ADF than defoliation interval, because defoliation interval exerts a greater influence on plant growth stage and maturity than N level. Increased N levels and lengthening the defoliation interval decreased (P < 0.05) OMD. With defoliation intervals of four weeks and shorter, increased N levels resulted in decreased NDF and ADF content, but six weeks and longer intervals resulted in the opposite. It is essential to assess OMD and fibre content as part of the pasture nutritive characteristics when evaluating a planted pasture as it will contribute to the understanding of pasture manipulation for sustainable animal production.
Development of optimal water supply plan using integrated fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy ELECTRE III methods—Case study of the Gamasiab basin

This paper presents a novel method for the development of an optimal water supply plan showcased using data from the Gamasiab basin, located in Kermanshah province, Iran, concerning new dams that are being constructed in this semi‐arid region. In this paper, a new group multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) plan is proposed by combining two MCDM methods based on the fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy ELECTRE III methods that convert the experts' opinions to triangular fuzzy numbers based on the level of uncertainty associated with various quantitative and qualitative criteria. Considering the opinions of four non‐stakeholder experts and data analysis using the fuzzy Delphi method, the criteria were evaluated. Then, by analysing the results using the fuzzy ELECTRE III method, the final ranking of scenarios is obtained. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the effect of uncertainty on the performance of the decision‐making system in scenarios ranking. The total expense, flood control, reservoir capacity and diversion and water transfer played a significant role in selecting the optimal scenario. Additionally, a hydrologic model was developed to evaluate the performance of the optimal scenario in terms of qualitative criteria. The data indicated that there was a good agreement between the results obtained from the hydrological model and the scenario ranking by the employed method. Altogether, a comparison of the proposed method with other MCDM methods, including fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy technique for order preference by simulation of ideal solution, indicated that the results of the employed method matched more closely to the local experts' opinion.
Variables Influencing the Presence of Subyearling Fall Chinook Salmon in Shoreline Habitats of the Hanford Reach, Columbia River

Abstract Little information currently exists on habitat use by subyearling fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha rearing in large, main-stem habitats. We collected habitat use information on subyearlings in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River during May 1994 and April–May 1995 using point abundance electrofishing. We analyzed measures of physical habitat using logistic regression to predict fish presence and absence in shoreline habitats. The difference between water temperature at the point of sampling and in the main river channel was the most important variable for predicting the presence and absence of subyearlings. Mean water velocities of 45 cm/s or less and habitats with low lateral bank slopes were also associated with a greater likelihood of subyearling presence. Intermediate-sized gravel and cobble substrates were significant predictors of fish presence, but small ( 256-mm) substrates were not. Our rearing model was accurate at predicting fish presence and a.
Designating Regional Elements System in a Critical Infrastructure System in the Context of the Czech Republic

Critical infrastructure is a complex system whose disruption or failure results in significant impacts on state interests, i.e., territorial security, economy, and the basic needs of the population. The current European Critical Infrastructure Protection Model does not allow the direct identification of critical elements at the regional level. Based on this, the paper brings a proposal for a unified system of critical infrastructure design based on a bottom-up approach. It is a progressive approach, utilizing contemporary trends in the application of science-based knowledge to critical infrastructure. A holistic view of this issue allows us to take into account the needs and preferences of the population, the preferences of the stakeholders and the local conditions of the region under consideration. The novelty of this approach is seen, in particular, in the identification of regional critical infrastructure elements through an integral assessment of these elements’ failure impact, not only on the dependent subsectors, but also on the population (population equivalent) in the assessed region. The final part of the paper presents a case study demonstrating the practical application of the proposed system to the road infrastructure in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic.
Professional Car Drivers’ Attitudes toward Technical, Marketing and Environmental Characteristics of Engine Oils: A Survey Study

The aim of the article was to analyze the decision-making process of professional drivers regarding the choice of new engine oil with additional attention to the eco-friendliness aspect of the product. Survey data were collected from Polish consumers, using a self-administered questionnaire. The main data analysis tools used in the study were finite mixture models. It was found that professional drivers do not constitute a single homogenous group. They cluster into two segments with differing importance profiles. The largest consumer segment, over 80% of consumers, consider the quality classification, viscosity classification, and OEM specifications as the most important criteria during the decision-making process. The importance of oil being environmentally friendly is a factor moderately differentiating the subgroups. In the first segment, a strong preference for engine oil with the same technical parameters as the previously purchased one, but additionally marked as environmentally friendly, was indicated by 29% of the respondents, whereas in the second segment by only 15%. The analysis of the consumer decision-making process showed that there is a need to put additional efforts to provide easily accessible and clearly visible technical specifications on the product label. The vast majority of professional drivers surveyed were mainly guided by such specific data in their purchasing process. Engine oils and specially used engine oils belong to a group of products that are considered to have a major negative impact on the environment. As a result, more research is needed into the sustainability of this class of products. The shift into the eco-friendly production, exploitation and subsequent management of engine oils may cause a profound effect on petroleum energy markets.