Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“She Does Not Want Me to Be Like Her”: Exploring the Role of Maternal Communication in Eating Disorder Symptomatology Among Collegiate Black Women

Abstract As an agent of socialization, mothers directly impact the way their daughters think about their own weight. This qualitative study aimed to investigate and capture the recalled maternal communication around eating and body image for Black American collegiate emerging adult women. A sample of 143 women was recruited via online social platforms. Findings from framework analysis highlighted that maternal communication around body image, size, and eating disorders was often in reaction to the daughters’ direct or indirect experiences with eating disorder symptomatology. The communication was problem focused, with an aim to address symptoms. The communication also centered on body evaluation and comparison responses, which often emphasized negative sentiments regarding both the mother and the daughter’s body image. Understanding the dynamic exchange of socialization for body image and eating disorder symptomatology is critical when creating culturally tailored, client-centered, and sustainable treatment plans.
Individualized Decision Making Under Partial Identification: ThreePerspectives, Two Optimality Results, and One Paradox

Unmeasured confounding is a threat to causal inference and gives rise to bi-ased estimates. In this paper, we consider the problem of individualized decision making under partial identiﬁcation. Firstly, we argue that when faced with unmeasured con-founding, one should pursue individualized decision making using partial identiﬁcation in a comprehensive manner. We establish a formal link between individualized decision making under partial identiﬁcation and classical decision theory by considering a lower bound perspective of value/utility function. Secondly, building on this uniﬁed framework, we provide a novel minimax solution (i.e., a rule that minimizes the maximum regret for so-called opportunists) for individualized decision making/policy assignment. Lastly, we provide an interesting paradox drawing on novel connections between two challenging domains, i.e., individualized decision making and unmeasured confounding. Although motivated by instrumental variable bounds, we emphasize that the general framework proposed in this paper would in principle apply for a rich set of bounds that might be available under partial identiﬁcation.
Transition Permutation Entropy and Transition Dissimilarity Measure: Efficient Tools for Fault Detection of Railway Vehicle Systems

The ordinal pattern is an essential tool to extract the information in time series. However, little attention has been paid to the transition probability matrix of ordinal patterns, which affects the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the extracted information. In this article, we propose a transition permutation entropy (TPE) and a transition dissimilarity measure (TDM) through the transition matrix. The TPE can evaluate the complexity of systems. The TDM measures the dissimilarity between systems through the dynamic transition and the probability distribution of ordinal patterns. The proposed methods are comprehensively evaluated by simulation experiments and vehicle dynamic response data. The results show that both the TPE and the TDM can distinguish complex systems and locate the rail corrugation. The combination of the TDM, multidimensional scaling, and neural networks can be used for fault detection and is better than other distance calculation methods.
Differentiating Carotid Free-Floating Thrombus From Atheromatous Plaque Using Intraluminal Filling Defect Length on CTA

Objective To validate a previously proposed filling defect length threshold of >3.8 mm on CT angiography (CTA) to discriminate between free-floating thrombus (FFT) and plaque of atheroma. Methods This was a prospective multicenter observational study of 100 participants presenting with TIA/stroke symptoms and a carotid intraluminal filling defect on initial CTA. Follow-up CTA was obtained within 1 week and at weeks 2 and 4 if the intraluminal filling defect was unchanged in length. Resolution or decreased length was diagnostic of FFT, whereas its static appearance after 4 weeks was indicative of plaque. Diagnostic accuracy of FFT length was assessed by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results Ninety-five participants (mean [SD] age 68 [13] years, 61 men, 83 participants with FFT, 12 participants with a plaque) were evaluated. The >3.8-mm threshold had a sensitivity of 88% (73 of 83) (95% confidence interval [CI] 78%–94%) and specificity of 83% (10 of 12) (95% CI 51%–97%) (area under the curve 0.91, p < 0.001) for the diagnosis of FFT. The optimal length threshold was >3.64 mm with a sensitivity of 89% (74 of 83) (95% CI 80%–95%) and specificity of 83% (10 of 12) (95% CI 51%–97%). Adjusted logistic regression showed that every 1-mm increase in intraluminal filling defect length is associated with an increase in odds of FFT of 4.6 (95% CI 1.9–11.1, p = 0.01). Conclusion CTA enables accurate differentiation of FFT vs plaque using craniocaudal length thresholds. Trial Registration Information ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02405845. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class I evidence that in patients with TIA/stroke symptoms, the presence of CTA-identified filling defects of lengths >3.8 mm accurately discriminates FFT from atheromatous plaque.
Donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts as new emerging photoswitches: synthesis, light-responsive properties, and applications in polymers science

Abstract Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts: a novel type of photoswitchable compounds that consist of donors, acceptors, and trienol-enol bridges, have gained great attention for their unique light responsive properties. In this review, we summarized the development and applications of DASAs. It covers three parts: (1) typical synthesis routes toward different DASAs; (2) mechanism for photo-switchable isomerization; (3) applications in polymers and materials science. We also point out future trends in this field of DASAs based materials. Graphical Abstract
Equity market anomalies in major European economies

ARTICLE INFO Asheesh Pandey, Sanjay Sehgal, Amiya Kumar Mohapatra and Pradeepta Kumar Samanta (2021). Equity market anomalies in major European economies. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 18(2), 245-260. doi:10.21511/imfi.18(2). 2021.20 DOI http://dx.doi. org/10.21511/imfi.18(2). 2021.20 RELEASED ON Thursday, 10 June 2021 RECEIVED ON Thursday, 16 July 2020 ACCEPTED ON Monday, 24 May 2021
Forward Modeling of the Phobos Tides and Applications to the First Martian Year of the InSight Mission

The tidal response of Mars, due to the Sun and the Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, provides information about the interior structure of Mars. By using the Very Broad Band (VBB) seismometer of Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) as a gravimeter on the surface of Mars, the InSight mission will provide the long‐period data suited to tidal analysis: most notably, the proximity of Phobos implies that degree 2, 3, 4, and further tides will be detectable by the VBB and are expected to provide information about the rheology at different depths within Mars. In order to expedite the recovery of these tidal signals in the SEIS measurements, we model the tides raised by Phobos using a tidal potential deduced from JPL Horizons ephemerides. From this potential, we calculate the expected tidal acceleration at InSight's location and gravimetric factors using a set of plausible interior models of Mars. To simulate the expected long period signal on the VBB seismometer, we use the InSight Auxiliary Payload Sensor Suite data to model the noise seen at low frequency by SEIS mainly due to temperature and pressure variations. Based on this synthetic signal, by applying filtering methods such as stacking and matched filtering to these synthetic data, we show that by recovering the gravimetric factors, it should be possible to constrain the state of the core and its size with an accuracy of 125 km after two Earth years.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS ON RADIANT ENVIRONMENT OF OUTDOOR LIVING SPACE CONSIDERING THE INFLUENCE OF SPATIAL FORM AND MATERIAL

The object of this paper was to calculate a distribution of Mean Radiant Temperature taking solar radiation into account (MRT) in urban living space and to examine the thermal influence of urban/building design on MRT distribution. The calculation method was developed which allow predicting an MRT considering thermal infl uence of urban/ building design to reproduce spatial forms and materials of building and ground. And the MRT was calculated considering radiance distribution of sky radiation and atmospheric radiation, and multi-refl ected solar radiation. Considering sky radiance distribution, MRT distribution in medium-rise building block was calculated more precisely. As a result of calculation of MRT in actual urban block, reflected solar radiation and long wave radiation from pavement formed complex MRT distribution. Then MRT distribution was computed on condition that the pavement (solar reflectance 0.1) was change into cool pavement (solar refl ectance 0.6) in actural urban area. The radiation fi eld in cool pavement became worse because the increased budget of solar radiation for cool pavement was twice than the decreased budget of long wave radiation.
Phase Equilibrium Conditions for Krypton Clathrate Hydrate below the Freezing Point of Water

The dissociation behavior of krypton (Kr) hydrate below the freezing point of water was characterized using optical scanning microscopy (OSM). The dissociation temperature was obtained in the pressure range of (0.10 to 1.42) MPa. The dissociation temperature of Kr hydrate at 0.1 MPa, which was inconsistent in previous reports, was 204.4 K. Using the Clausius−Clapeyron equation, the enthalpy of Kr hydrate dissociation was estimated to be approximately 18.5 kJ·mol−1. This value agreed well with (19.54 ± 0.24) kJ·mol−1, which was obtained from a previously reported calorimetric analysis.
Inhibitory Control, Self-Efficacy, and Mathematics Achievements in Students with Learning Disabilities

ABSTRACT This study examines the link between inhibitory control skills (the ability to plan and suppress an inappropriate action in favour of a goal-oriented reaction) and the sense of self-efficacy (both social and emotional), and mathematics achievements in students with learning disabilities. In this study, 60 sixth-grade students with learning disabilities who attended integrated classes in a general education setting were tested using three instruments: an inhibitory control questionnaire, a self-efficacy questionnaire, and a mathematics achievement test. Findings show that learning-disabled learners have better mathematics achievements and social self-efficacy the higher their inhibitory control skills are. Interestingly, no statistically significant association was found between inhibitory control and emotional self-efficacy. An examination of the pattern of associations between the study parameters pointed to a statistically significant absence of a mediating effect by self-efficacy on the link between inhibitory control and mathematics achievements. The two linked variables appear to be independent variables and the emotional component of self-efficacy is a predictor of achievement. In addition to this, self-efficacy was found to facilitate better inhibitory control.
Educating Αdults with an Augmented Reality Game: Α Content Analysis Approach

A single paragraph of about 200 words maximum. For research articles, abstracts should give a pertinent overview of the work. We strongly encourage authors to use the following style of structured abstracts, but without headings: (1) Background: Place the question addressed in a broad context and highlight the purpose of the study; (2) Methods: briefly describe the main methods or treatments applied; (3) Results: summarize the article's main findings; (4) Conclu-sions: indicate the main conclusions or interpretations. The abstract should be an objective rep-resentation of the article and it must not contain results that are not presented and substantiated in the main text and should not exaggerate the main conclusions.
Gender equality in five- to six-year-old preschoolers’ early competences in science do not protect schoolgirls from gender stereotypes

ABSTRACT Science competencies acquired at early years are basic and influence on children’s later development. Gender differences in these early science competencies may explain the often-reported gender differences in later science abilities. Research in this field was not usually focused on pre-schoolers. In this study, we focus on the interaction between five- to six-year-old pre-schoolers and a researcher while they work on tasks about physics and astronomy in three experiments. Participants were five- to six-year-old children attending preschool in Sevilla (Spain) representing the full range of socioeconomic backgrounds. Over the course of experiments, an increase in the students’ number of right answers occurred. Results supported that pre-schoolers’ early science competencies are characterized by gender equality and do not explain later-reported gender differences. However, the findings showed that girls are not inclined towards scientific careers, even if they have the same scientific performance as boys.
Contribution of Electron Pressure to Ring Current and Ground Magnetic Depression Using RAM‐SCB Simulations and Arase Observations During 7–8 November 2017 Magnetic Storm

Understanding the physical processes that control the dynamics of energetic particles in the inner magnetosphere is important for both space‐borne and ground‐based assets essential to the modern society. The storm time distribution of ring current particles in the inner magnetosphere depends strongly on their transport in the evolving electric and magnetic fields along with particle acceleration and loss. In this study, we investigated the ring current particle variations using observations and simulations. We compared the ion (H+, He+, and O+) and electron flux and plasma pressure variations from Arase observations with the self‐consistent inner magnetosphere model: Ring current Atmosphere interactions Model with Self Consistent magnetic field (RAM‐SCB) during the 7–8 November 2017 geomagnetic storm. We investigated the contribution of the different species (ions and electrons) to the magnetic field deformation observed at ground magnetic stations (09°–45° MLat) using RAM‐SCB simulations. The results show that the ions are the major contributor with ∼88% and electrons contribute ∼12% to the total ring current pressure. It is also found that the electron contribution is non‐negligible (∼18%) to the ring current in dawn‐side during the main phase of the storm. Thus, the electron contribution to the storm time ring current is important and should not be neglected.
Experimental and Kinetic Study on Ignition Delay Times of Di-n-butyl Ether at High Temperatures

Ignition delay times of di-n-butyl ether (DBE)/oxygen mixtures diluted with argon were measured behind reflected shock waves for the pressures between 1.2 and 4 bar, the temperatures between 1100 and 1570 K, and the equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5. A recently developed DBE model was employed to simulate the autoignition process of the homogeneous mixture. Comparisons between the measured and calculated ignition delay times indicate that the model yields fairly good agreement under all test conditions. Results show that the ignition delay time increases with the decrease of the pressure and the increase of the dilution ratio. The ignition delay time demonstrates a strong negative dependence upon the equivalence ratio at high temperatures, and the difference among the ignition delay times tends to decrease when the temperature is decreased. Sensitivity analysis reveals the importance of H-abstraction reactions and decomposition of α fuel radicals in the ignition process of DBE. Reaction pathway anal.
Experimental Examination of Impaction Efficiency of Aerosol Particles by means of the Single Cylinder

濾過集盛において重要な単繊維捕集機構につき, 実験条件を理輪のモデルに近づけた状態で実験をおこない, ポテンシャル流, 慣性支配とみなせる領域で基礎データを集積した。 実験結果は, 捕集効率と円筒表面に捕集された粒子の角度による分布の両面から理論値と比較した。 実験値はやや高い値を示すが, 傾向は理論とよく一致する。 以上の事実より, 単一円筒による粒子の捕集機構は実験的に獲付けられたと考えられる。
Facile strategy for controllable synthesis of stable mesoporous black TiO2 hollow spheres with efficient solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Hydrogenated black TiO2 has been proven to tune the bandgap and utilize solar energy effectively. Herein, we report a facile strategy for controllably synthesizing stable mesoporous black TiO2 hollow spheres (MBTHSs) with a narrow bandgap via a template-free solvothermal approach combined with a small amine molecule reflux-encircling process and subsequent high-temperature hydrogenation, which are composed of highly crystalline pore-walls, Ti3+ in frameworks and surface disorders. The encircled protectors especially ethylenediamine result in high thermostability of the TiO2 hollow structures, which not only facilitate hydrogenation (600 °C), but also inhibit grain growth and anatase-to-rutile phase transformation as well as retain a high structural integrity. The MBTHSs with a diameter of ∼700 nm possess a relatively high surface area of ∼80 m2 g−1, large pore size and pore volume of ∼12 nm and ∼0.20 cm3 g−1, respectively. The diameters and wall thicknesses are controllable from ∼500 nm to 1 μm and ∼35 to 115 nm, respectively. The high crystallinity, integrated hollow structure, Ti3+ in frameworks and surface disorders of the MBTHSs give rise to an extending photoresponse from the ultraviolet to the visible light region and significant improvement in the solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate (241 μmol h−1 0.1 g−1), which is two times as high as that of black TiO2 nanoparticles (118 μmol h−1 0.1 g−1) and almost three times that of pristine mesoporous TiO2 hollow spheres (81 μmol h−1 0.1 g−1), respectively.
Very Large Breathing Effect in the First Nanoporous Chromium(III)-Based Solids: MIL-53 or CrIII(OH)·{O2C−C6H4−CO2}·{HO2C−C6H4−CO2H}x·H2Oy

The first three-dimensional chromium(III) dicarboxylate, MIL-53as or CrIII(OH)·{O2C−C6H4−CO2}·{HO2C−C6H4−CO2H}0.75, has been obtained under hydrothermal conditions (as: as-synthesized). The free acid can be removed by calcination giving the resulting solid, MIL-53ht or CrIII(OH)·{O2C−C6H4−CO2}. At room temperature, MIL-53ht adsorbs atmospheric water immediately to give CrIII(OH)·{O2C−C6H4−CO2}·H2O or MIL-53lt (lt: low-temperature form, ht: high-temperature form). Both structures, which have been determined by using X-ray powder diffraction data, are built up from chains of chromium(III) octahedra linked through terephthalate dianions. This creates a three-dimensional structure with an array of one-dimensional large pore channels filled with free disordered terephthalic molecules (MIL-53as) or water molecules (MIL-53lt); when the free molecules are removed, this leads to a nanoporous solid (MIL-53ht) with a Langmuir surface area over 1500 m2/g. The transition between the hydrated form (MIL-53lt) and the a.
Automated Caries Detection using a 3D Intraoral Scanner. An in Vivo Validation Study

The use of 3D intraoral scanners (IOS) and software that can support automated detection and objective monitoring of oral diseases such as caries, tooth wear or periodontal diseases is increasingly receiving attention from researchers and industry. This study clinically validates an automated caries scoring system for occlusal caries detection and classification, previously developed for an IOS system featuring fluorescence (TRIOS 4, 3Shape TRIOS A/S, Denmark). Four algorithms (ALG1, ALG2, ALG3, ALG4) are assessed for the IOS; the first three are based only on fluorescence information, while ALG4 also takes into account the tooth color information. The diagnostic performance of these automated algorithms is compared with the diagnostic performance of the clinical visual examination, while histological assessment is used as reference. Additionally, possible differences between in vitro and in vivo diagnostic performance of the IOS system are investigated. The algorithms show comparable in vivo diagnostic performance to the visual examination. Only minor differences between their in vitro and in vivo diagnostic performance are noted. This novel IOS system exhibits encouraging performance for clinical application on occlusal caries detection and classification. Different approaches can be investigated for possible optimization of the system.
How the Method of Synthesis Governs the Local and Global Structure of Zinc Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxides

Seven zinc aluminum layered double hydroxides (ZnAl LDHs), [Zn1–xAlx(OH)2Ax·nH2O], A = NO3–, Cl–, or CO32–, prepared by the urea and coprecipitation synthesis methods were investigated to determine how the synthesis parameters (pH, metal ion concentration, and postsynthesis treatment) affect the local (atomic) and long (global) range structure of the LDH product. Sample composition, purity, crystal defects, and other structural aspects of the LDH products were obtained from powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), micro-Raman, elemental analysis, and solid state 1H, 27Al, and 67Zn NMR spectroscopy. The urea method results in LDHs, which on the global scale are highly crystalline LDHs but disordered on the local scale. The disorder is correlated with the presence of Al-rich phases, which are undetected by bulk techniques (TEM, PXRD), as they are either defects within the LDH particles or separate phase(s) associated with LDHs. In contrast, samples prepared by coprecipitation with careful pH control and hydrothermal treatment have high local order and good crystallinity (large particle size). Our results show that both local (NMR) and bulk techniques are needed to assess the composition of LDHs, as the conventional PXRD and TEM analysis of LDHs failed to identify the many structural defects and/or amorphous phases present.
Evaluation of 3-Methylbutanoic Acid Methyl Ester as a Factor Influencing Flavor Cleanness in Arabica Specialty Coffee

This paper reports on the chemical compounds in arabica coffee beans with a high Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) cupping score, especially those in specialty coffee beans. We investigated the relationship between the chemical compounds and cupping scores by considering 16 types of Coffea arabica (arabica coffee) beans from Guatemala (SCA cupping score of 76.5–89.0 points). Non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based chemometric profiling indicated that specialty beans with a high cupping score contained considerable amounts of methyl-esterified compounds (MECs), including 3-methylbutanoic acid methyl ester (3-MBM), and other fatty acid methyl esters. The effect of MECs on flavor quality was verified by spiking the coffee brew with 3-MBM, which was the top-ranked component, as obtained through a regression model associated with cupping scores. Notably, 3-MBM was responsible for the fresh-fruity aroma and cleanness of the coffee brew. Although cleanness is a significant factor for specialty beans, the identification of compounds that contribute to cleanness has not been reported in previous research. The chemometric profiling approach coupled with spiking test validation will improve the identification and characterization of 3-MBM commonly found in arabica specialty beans. Therefore, 3-MBM, either alone or together with MECs, can be used as a marker in coffee production.