Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavior of Perforated Shear Connectors in Steel–Concrete Composite Joints of Hybrid Bridges

AbstractPerforated shear connectors (PSCs) in steel–concrete composite joints are usually deeply embedded in concrete, and the perforated plate thickness varies significantly, which is different from those in a steel–concrete composite beam. In this study, two types of push-out tests (24 specimens in total) were conducted to compare the mechanical behavior of PSCs used in steel–concrete composite joints with that in composite beams. The testing variables include the push-out test arrangement, plate thickness, and concrete compressive strength. The experimental results are presented and discussed, focusing on the shear resistance, load-slip behavior, and failure modes. Finally, the experimental results were compared with existing shear resistance equations to evaluate their applicability for PSCs in composite joints.
The mitochondrial genome of Apis mellifera siciliana

Abstract We assembled the mitogenome of Apis mellifera siciliana, which was previously identified as African by the tRNA-leu-cox2 intergenic region. The mitogenome is 16,590 bp long. The gene content and organization are identical to other A. mellifera mitogenomes, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed a close mitochondrial relationship between A. m. siciliana and other African subspecies such as Apis mellifera sahariensis, Apis mellifera intermissa, and Apis mellifera ruttneri.
Klasifikasi Jenis Kanker Kulit Menggunakan CNN-SVM

Kanker kulit merupakan pertumbuhan yang berlebihan pada jaringan kulit yang mengenai beberapa atau seluruh lapisan kulit. Untuk dapat mendiagnosa kanker kulit dapat digunakan metode biopsi dimana jaringan kulit diambil lalu diperiksa. Penggunaan biopsi mengeluarkan biaya yang mahal dan merusak kulit. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode CNN SVM untuk mengklasifikasi jenis-jenis kanker kulit. CNN yang sebagai ekstraksi fitur dengan arsitektur VGG-19 dan ResNet-50. SVM digunakan sebagai pengklasifikasi dengan menggunakan kernel linear dan RBF kemudian dioptimasi menggunakan random dan grid. Dataset terdapat 300 citra per jenis lalu dibagi menjadi 240 data latih, 60 data uji, dan dengan jumlah total 1500 citra. Penelitian ini melakukan 2 skenario pada citra yaitu menggunakan preprocessing resize dan preprocessing patch lalu diterapkan pada model, sehingga terdapat 16 skenario total. Hasil terbaik penelitian ini didapatkan pada preprocessing patch arsitektur VGG-19 menggunakan kernel linear optimasi random dan grid dengan nilai accuracy sebesar 65,33%, nilai recall sebesar 65,33%, nilai precision sebesar 68,51%, dan nilai f1-score sebesar 65,77%.
A methodological approach for the synthesis of 4-aryl-8-arylidene-2-cyanoimino-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroquinazolines

Abstract An efficient methodological approach for the synthesis of a novel series of 4-aryl-8-arylidene-2-cyanoimino-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroquinazolines (aryl-CIOHQs) was presented via one-pot four-component reaction of cyclohexanone, two-folds of various aromatic aldehydes and cyanoguanidine in the presence of sodium ethoxide as basic catalyst. The same target products (aryl-CIOHQs) were also reproduced in good yields using an ordinary method via two-component reaction of 2,6-diarylidinecyclohexanone derivatives with cyanoguanidine in the same condition. Graphical Abstract
An Adaptive Tracking-Extended Kalman Filter for SOC Estimation of Batteries with Model Uncertainty and Sensor Error

Accurate state of charge (SOC) plays a vital role in battery management systems (BMSs). Among several developed SOC estimation methods, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) has been extensively applied. However, EKF cannot achieve valid estimation when the model accuracy is inadequate, the noise covariance matrix is uncertain, and the sensor has large errors. This paper makes two contributions to overcome these drawbacks: (1) A variable forgetting factor recursive least squares (VFFRLS) is proposed to accomplish parameters identification. This method updates the forgetting factor according to the innovation sequence, which accuracy is superior to the forgetting factor recursive least squares (FFRLS); (2) an adaptive tracking EKF (ATEKF) is proposed to estimate the SOC of the battery. In ATEKF, the error covariance matrix is adaptively corrected according to the innovation sequence and correction factor. The value of the correction factor is related to the actual error. Proposed algorithms are validated with a publicly available dataset from the University of Maryland. The experimental results indicate that the identification error of VFFRLS can be reduced from 0.05% to 0.018%. Additionally, ATEKF has better accuracy and robustness than EKF when having large sensor errors and uncertainty of the error covariance matrix, in which case it can reduce SOC estimation error from 1.09% to 0.15%.
Poor Toddlers Feel Less Pain? Application of Class-Based Pain Stereotypes in Judgments of Children

Across four studies, we investigated whether perceptions of children’s pain are influenced by their socioeconomic status (SES). We found evidence that children with low SES were believed to feel less pain than children with high SES (Study 1), and this effect was not moderated by child’s age (Study 2). Next, we examined life hardship as a mediator of this effect among children, finding that children with low SES were rated as having lived a harder life and thus as feeling less pain (Study 3). Finally, we examined downstream consequences for hypothetical treatment recommendations. We found that participants perceived children with low SES as less sensitive to pain and therefore as requiring less pain treatment than children with high SES (Study 4). Thus, we consistently observe that stereotypes of low-SES individuals as insensitive to pain may manifest in judgments of children and their recommended pain care. Implications of this work for theory and medical practice are discussed.
DL-CNN: Double Layered Convolutional Neural Networks

: We studied the traditional convolutional neural networks and developed a new model that used double layers instead of only one. In our example of this model, we used five convolutional layers and four fully connected layers. The dataset has four thousand human face images of two classes, one of them being open eyes and the other closed eyes. In this project, we dissected the original source code of the standard package into several components and changed some of the core parts to improve accuracy. In addition to using both the current layer and the prior layer to compute the next layer, we also explored whether to skip the current layer. We changed the original convolution window formula. A multiplication bias instead of originally adding bias to the linear combination was also proposed. Though it is hard to explain the rationale, the results of multiplication bias are better in our example. For our new double layer model, our simulation results showed that the accuracy was increased from 60% to 95%.
Primary neurodevelopmental disorders in detained adolescents: point prevalence and patterns of care

ABSTRACT Limited information is available on the numbers and trajectories of detained young people with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD) disorders. We completed a census in all types of secure establishments for young people from England. From this, we sought to find the point prevalence of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in young people in secure settings. A quarter of 1322 young people in secure care had at least one NDD; for 204 (18.5%) this was a primary diagnosis. The most common primary diagnosis was ADHD, 101 (9%), followed by 55 (5%) young people with LD and 48 (4%) with ASC. All young people with a primary NDD had had contact prior to detention with at least one of the statutory agencies. More of those with a primary NDD were moved to their current secure placement from a secure placement than those young people without. Existing community identification and support for young people with an NDD is insufficient to prevent significant numbers developing a level of challenging behaviour that requires secure provision. The large numbers of such young people, especially young men, who are detained in the YJS is a grave concern.
Hybrid Intelligence System of Emotional Facial and Speech State Estimation

It is shown that person emotional state estimation with help of facial or speech state estimation isn’t enough. It is necessary to create Hybrid Intelligence system of emotional facial and speech state estimation. For the problem solution it is proposed to use hybrid convolutional neural networks. The data supplied to the network input are presented in the form of mel-spectrograms and facial images during conversation. Mel-spectrogram can be interpreted as a two-dimensional image, where along one axis the frequency changes, along the other time, or rather sequential frames of the spectrogram. The following characteristics are often extracted for this purpose: local characteristics, global characteristics, prosodic characteristics, qualitative characteristics. It is shown that change of emotions on a face or in speech is connected with internal reaction of the person to the questions posed. For the solution of emotional state estimation with help of facial and speech state estimation it is offered to use convolutional neural networks at a stage of micro emotions identification and voice characteristic changes. Making decision on potential threats based on determined emotional state estimation is realized by the ensemble of classifiers.
Current Perspectives on Viable but Non-culturable Bacteria in Food Safety and Public Health

The viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state is defined as an adaptive mechanism for microorganisms adjusting to stressful conditions. Although VBNC bacteria are alive and metabolically active, they are unable to grow on routine culture media. Nevertheless, the potential capacity of VBNC pathogens to retain virulence activity and further resuscitate into the culturable state in favorable conditions constitutes a major hazard to food safety and public health. Food processing, transformation, and storage, as well as non-thermal techniques, can provoke pathogens toward VBNC induction. The distinct characteristic of VBNC bacteria led to the emergence of novel culture-independent techniques to prevent the misinterpretation of food safety. To deepen our knowledge of the molecular aspect of the VBNC state, several mechanism-oriented studies investigated the metabolic activity of VBNC bacteria and their correlation with different stressful conditions. This review aims to discuss the molecular mechanisms and genomic factors underlying the induction and resuscitation of the VBNC state. The study will further highlight innovative detection methods to provide a comprehensive perspective for future studies in the emerging fields of research concerning VBNC state, food safety, and public health.
Self-Assembly of Ultrafine Fibers with Micropores via Cryogenic Electrospinning and Its Potential Application in Esophagus Repair

Electrospinning (e-spinning) has been widely applied to fabricate flat films accumulated by microfibers for tissue engineering. In order to acquire an uneven surface morphology, two methods have been applied traditionally. The first uses a designed receiving substrate, which is stable, but suppresses the flexibility. The second uses dual solvents to achieve bimodal distribution of the fiber diameter. However, the bimodal fiber diameter causes inhomogeneity. To solve these challenges, cryogenic electrospinning, using a flat substrate and a single solvent, was performed in this study to obtain uneven films. By applying a low temperature to the flat receiving substrate, uneven e-spun films with wall-like structures were achieved through the self-assembly of uniform filaments. In addition, the wall-like structures enhanced the mechanical properties of the e-spun films. Moreover, the cryogenic e-spinning produced micropores on the fiber surface, which have the potential to promote esophageal epithelial cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation.
Phonetic realization of vowel length and glottalization in Todos Santos Mam

Mam (Guatemala: Mayan) is described as having a vowel length contrast, as well as a laryngeal contrast between glottalized and modal vowels [England 32–36 (1983)]. Glottalized vowels are described as having a falling pitch contour and being longer relative to their modal counterparts ( ibid.). However, there are no phonetic studies explicitly confirming this. In particular, the Todos Santos dialect has received almost no phonetic investigation, and the presence and realization of the length and laryngeal contrasts is not well-established. This study is one of the first phonetic studies of vowel length and glottalization in Todos Santos Mam. The authors collected data of one native speaker reading a list of words varying in vowel quality. We find evidence for both a length contrast and laryngeal contrast. For the length contrast, short vowels are significantly shorter in duration and lowered relative to long vowels. For the laryngeal contrast, glottalized vowels are found to have a falling pitch contour, while modal vowels have level/rising pitch. In addition, a lengthening effect was found such that short glottalized vowels are longer than their modal counterparts, but it is unclear whether the same effect is present for long glottalized vowels.
BLE-OTP Authorization Mechanism for iBeacon Network Security

Machine to Machine (M2M) technology has gained attention due to the fast diffusion of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and smart devices. Most wireless network experts believe that Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Communications technology in an iBeacon network has amazing advantages in terms of providing communication services at a low cost in smartphone applications. Specifically, BLE does not require any pairing process during its communication phases, so it is possible to send a message to any node without incurring additional transmissions costs if they are within the BLE communication range. However, BLE does not require any security verification during communication, so it has weak security. Therefore, a security authorization process would be necessary to obtain customer confidence. To provide security functions for iBeacon, we think that the iBeacon Message Encryption process and a Decryption (Authorization) process should be designed and implemented. We therefore propose the BLE message Authorization Mechanism based on a One Time Password Algorithm (BLE-OTP). The effectiveness of our mechanism is evaluated by conducting a performance test on an attendance system based on BLE-OTP.
A Three Switch Resonant Inverter for Multiple Load Induction Heating Applications

Induction heating (IH) is a trending technology in the domestic applications due to its advantages related to high efficiency, better control, and fast heating. Present research focuses on developing cost-effective and highly efficient solutions. In this article, a three-switch inverter (3SI) for multiple load IH applications is proposed, which meets previous requirements. Reduced component count and high efficiency are the key benefits of the proposed inverter. Asymmetric duty cycle control is used to obtain independent control over two loads simultaneously. The operation of the proposed 3SI has been verified by rigorous simulations in Orcad PSpice software and by experimenting with designed hardware prototype. The simulation and experimental results are in good agreement with each other, proving the proposed 3SI as a feasible solution for multiple load IH applications.
Analysis and Design of Pulsed Photoconductive Antennas

Photoconductive antennas (PCA) are widely used in contemporary THz systems, especially in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. They are used to radiate and receive THz power. The study of the generation and reception of THz radiation involves both semiconductor theory, electromagnetics, and antenna theory. In this work, after a review of some equivalent circuits for analyzing PCAs, a novel Norton equivalent circuit model is discussed. It effectively describes the coupling between the photoconductor and the antenna. In order to increase the radiated THz power, a connected array solution of PCA is discussed. Connected arrays allow an efficient radiation of the antenna on a large bandwidth and are therefore suitable for radiating the picosecond pulses generated in the photoconductor. In order to realize a connected array of PCA, a proper biasing circuit has to be designed. Such circuit can involve the use of inductors manufactured in printed circuit board technology. Two possible designs of inductor are also discussed.
Investigation on the unsteady pressure pulsations and related vortical structures in a molten salt pump

The high‐temperature molten salt pump (MSP) is the core equipment of the thermal storage system for concentrating solar power plants, which circulates the molten salt of the thermal storage medium. This study employs numerical simulation of a two‐stage MSP with a storage tank to find the correlation between pressure pulsations and the evolutions of vortical structures based on renormalization group k‐ε turbulence model. It is shown that rotor/stator interaction is the most significant excitation source of pressure pulsations with the prominent excitations being the diffuser passing frequency (fDPF) in the impeller and the blade passing frequency (fBPF). Furthermore, Q‐criterion is employed to capture the periodic shedding vortexes with a frequency of about 3fR at the suction surface and the trailing edge in diffusers. Impinging vortex and shedding vortex with the frequency 6fR on the leading edge of the diffuser is captured. The vortex shedding characteristics are significantly different under various conditions, and the separation vortexes appear at the leading edge of pressure surface in the diffusers at higher flow rates. Finally, it is obvious that the excited components and their magnitudes in the pressure spectrum are closely associated with the unsteady vortical structures within the model pump.
Associations between Frequency of Culinary Herb Use and Gut Microbiota

While evidence suggests that culinary herbs have the potential to modulate gut microbiota, much of the current research investigating the interactions between diet and the human gut microbiome either largely excludes culinary herbs or does not assess use in standard culinary settings. As such, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate how the frequency of culinary herb use is related to microbiome diversity and the abundance of certain taxa, measured at the phylum level. In this secondary data analysis of the INCLD Health cohort, we examined survey responses assessing frequency of culinary herb use and microbiome analysis of collected stool samples. We did not observe any associations between frequency of culinary herb use and Shannon Index, a measure of alpha diversity. Regarding the abundance of certain taxa, the frequency of use of polyphenol-rich herbs and herbs with certain quantities of antibacterial compounds was positively associated with Firmicutes abundance, and negatively associated with Proteobacteria abundance. Additionally, the total number of herbs used with high frequency, defined as over three times per week, was also positively associated with Firmicutes abundance, independent of adjustments, and negatively associated with Proteobacteria abundance, after adjusting for dietary factors. Frequency of culinary herb use was not associated with Bacteroidota or Actinobacteria abundance.
Computational NEXAFS Characterization of Molecular Model Systems for 2D Boroxine Frameworks

The electronic properties of 2D boroxine networks are computationally investigated by simulating the NEXAFS spectra of a series of molecular models, with or without morphologic defects, with respect to the ideal honeycomb structure. The models represent portions of an irregular 2D boroxine framework obtained experimentally, as supported by the Au(111) surface. The B K-edge NEXAFS spectra are calculated within the transition potential (TP) approximation (DFT-TP). The role of the Au(111) supporting surface on the spectral features has also been investigated by comparing the calculated spectra of a defect-rich model in its free-standing and supported form. The calculated NEXAFS spectra differ from the experimental ones, as the position of the main resonance does not match in the two cases. This finding could suggest the presence of a strong interaction of the 2D boroxine network with the Au substrate, which is not captured in the model calculations. However, good agreement between measured and calculated B K-edge NEXAFS spectra is obtained for a model system, namely, trihydroxy boroxine, in which the B atoms are less screened by the valence electrons compared to the B–B linked boroxine network models considered here. These results suggest catalytic activity in the gold substrate in promoting a weakening or even the breaking of the B–B bond, which is not revealed by calculations.
Oncopeptide MBOP Encoded by LINC01234 Promotes Colorectal Cancer through MAPK Signaling Pathway

Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) claimed more than 900,000 lives globally in 2020. Therefore, its pathogenetic landscape calls for in-depth investigation. Recently, more attention has been paid to oncogenesis driven by noncoding RNAs and even peptides encoded by noncoding RNAs. Here, we report a LINC01234-encoded peptide named MEK1-binding oncopeptide (MBOP), which exists endogenously and is highly expressed in CRC. Through in vivo and in vitro migration and proliferation assays, we demonstrated the oncogenic role of MBOP. In addition, we performed immunoprecipitation assays to identify the interacting proteins and pathways, and MBOP was found to interact with MEK1 and activate the MEK1/pERK/MMP2/MMP9 signaling pathway. Moreover, the ubiquitin–protease-system-mediated degradation of MBOP was elucidated, where the E3 ubiquitin-protein transferase MAEA and RMND5A play vital roles. In conclusion, oncopeptide MBOP plays a substantial role in the tumorigenesis of CRC, and it could be a candidate prognostic biomarker for clinical treatment. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in incidence rate and second in mortality rate of malignancy worldwide, and the diagnosis and therapeutics of it remain to be further studied. With the emergence of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and potential peptides derived from ncRNAs across various biological processes, we here aimed to identify a ncRNA-derived peptide possible for revealing the oncogenesis of CRC. Through combined predictive analysis of the coding potential of a batch of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), the existence of an 85 amino-acid-peptide, named MEK1-binding oncopeptide (MBOP) and encoded from LINC01234 was confirmed. Mass spectrometry and Western blot assays indicated the overexpression of MBOP in CRC tissues and cell lines compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues and the normal colonic epithelial cell line. In vivo and in vitro migration and proliferation assays defined MBOP as an oncogenic peptide. Immunoprecipitation trials showed that MEK1 was the key interacting protein of MBOP, and MBOP promoted the MEK1/pERK/MMP2/MMP9 axis in CRC. Two E3-ligase enzymes MAEA and RMND5A mediated the ubiquitin–protease-system-related degradation of MBOP. This study indicates that MBOP might be a candidate prognostic indicator and a potential target for clinical therapy of CRC.