Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of multiple splay fault rupture on tsunamis

<p>Earthquake rupture on splay faults in subduction zones could pose a significant tsunami hazard, as they could accommodate more vertical displacement and are situated closer to the coast. To better understand this tsunami hazard, we model splay fault rupture dynamics and tsunami propagation and inundation constrained by a geodynamic seismic cycle (SC) model; building on work presented in Van Zelst et al. (2019). This two-dimensional modelling framework considers geodynamics, seismic cycles, dynamic ruptures, and tsunamis together for the first time. The SC model provides six blind splay fault geometries, self-consistent stress and strength conditions, and heterogeneous material properties in the domain. We find that all six splay faults are activated when the megathrust ruptures. The largest splay fault closest to the nucleation region ruptures immediately when the main rupture front passes the branching point. The other splay faults are activated through dynamic stress transfer from the main megathrust rupture or reflected waves from the surface. Splay fault rupture results in distinct peaks in the vertical surface displacements with a smaller wavelength and larger amplitudes. The effect of the vertical surface displacements also translates into the resulting tsunami, which consists of one large wave for the megathrust-only model and seven waves for the model including splay faults. Here, six of the waves can be attributed to the splay faults and the seventh wave results from the shallow tip of the megathrust. The waves from the rupture including splay faults have larger amplitudes and result in two episodes of coastal flooding. The first episode is due to the large wave caused by rupture on the largest splay fault nearest to the coast. The second flooding episode results from the combination and interference of the waves caused by the rest of the splay faults and the shallow megathrust tip. In contrast, the tsunami caused by rupture on only the megathrust has only one episode of flooding. Our results suggest that larger-than-expected tsunamis could be attributed to rupture on large splay faults. When multiple smaller splay faults rupture their effect on the tsunami might be hard to distinguish from a pure megathrust rupture. Considering the significant effects splay fault rupture can have on a tsunami, it is important to understand splay fault activation and to consider them in hazard assessment. </p><p>References:</p><p>Van Zelst, I. , Wollherr, S. , Madden, E. H. , Gabriel, A. -A. , and Van Dinther, Y. (2019). Modeling megathrust earthquakes across scales: one-way coupling from geodynamics and seismic cycles to dynamic rupture. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124,&#160;https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB017539</p><p></p>
ANTHROPOMETRIC AND PHYSICAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AMONG STUDENTS AGED 10-12 YEARS IN ALBANIA

One of the major problems of Albania in this day and age is sedentary life characterizing children, a phenomenon which is observed in this age group in most parts of the world. However, the factors leading to this phenomenon in Albania seem to be of a different nature, as compared to those responsible in most developed countries. In general, a number of factors, such as lack of sports facilities, low economic development of the country and other social factors hinder the participation in physical activity and sport of young children living in rural and urban areas in Albania. While in urban areas technological advance also amounts to some extent to fewer and fewer children engaging in physical activities and sports in urban areas. The study aimed to assess anthropometric and physical skills development of students aged 10-12 years living in rural and urban areas of Albania, and further examine the indicators obtained in order to study how these two groups of children compare to each other. The data gathered through this study are indispensable in revealing the level of obesity, physical preparation and identifying talented athletes. 641 students coming from the primary and secondary school systems were subjected to standard anthropometric measurements (weight/height/BMI) and standard physical fitness tests (push-up, high jump, long jump, horizontal stretch, 30m dash, shuttle run 112 m). Based on BMI standards for children of this age group, it can be observed that children living in rural areas demonstrate a growth in body mass which is within the optimal range level for both boys and girls. Even the physical fitness indicators tested speak for a bigger development of children coming from rural areas as compared to their peers living in the city.
Real-time measurement of model attitude based on NDT and ICP

There is an increasingly urgent need for model attitude measurement technology in fields of urban modeling, aerospace, autonomous driving, etc. Among them, the point cloud registration algorithm is essential. The existing registration algorithms cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of high speed, high precision and large field of view. To this end, this paper proposes a registration algorithm, which combines normal distribution transform (NDT) and iterative closest point (ICP) to perform secondary registration on point clouds. An attitude measurement platform has been built and the LiDAR continuously obtains the point cloud data of the model. Multi-layered voxel and quasi-Newton method were used to accelerate the NDT algorithm， which is used to calculate the transformation matrix of adjacent frames. If the attitude change exceeds the threshold, ICP will be used with the initial solution from NDT. This method combines the high precision of ICP with the high speed of NDT, so that the dynamic model attitude measurement can be in real time under the premise of high precision, and it is suitable for a variety of attitude measurement scenarios with high precision, high speed and large field of view.
Modelo para la definición unificada de la práctica como constructo Teórico en ingeniería de software

La comunidad Semat (Software Engineering Method and Theory) se enfoca en dos objetivos principales: definir un nucleo de elementos que describan la Esencia de la ingenieria de software y definir una teoria general para la disciplina. Toda teoria general bien definida incluye constructos teoricos, proposiciones, explicaciones y alcance de la teoria. Los constructos teoricos son los conceptos basicos de un dominio en particular y constituyen el vocabulario de la teoria general. En ingenieria de software existen intentos para definir un vocabulario unificado. Sin embargo, las definiciones que se proponen no aportan informacion suficiente para definir constructos teoricos que son base de una teoria general. Definir un vocabulario unificado es particularmente complejo en ingenieria de software, debido a que existen micro-teorias con constructos teoricos de uso comun que tienen definiciones diversas, como es el caso de la practica. En diferentes propuestas de ingenieria de software, desde su particularidad, se define la practica ignorando otras visiones, es decir, presentan definiciones no unificadas. Tambien, se define la practica de manera ambigua, ya que otros constructos teoricos incluidos en un esfuerzo de ingenieria de software pueden cumplir tambien con la definicion de practica y las practicas que se proponen se nombran de forma inadecuada. Aunque en ingenieria de software existen esfuerzos enfocados en la definicion de practica, aun no se logra una definicion unificada y carente de ambiguedad. En esta Tesis Doctoral se consolida un modelo para la definicion unificada y carente de ambiguedad de la practica como constructo teorico en ingenieria de software. Los constructos teoricos y las proposiciones que sirven para caracterizar la practica se identifican a partir del analisis de practicas de diferentes enfoques y se integran en los componentes del modelo. Cada componente permite cumplir funciones especificas que se orientan a definir practicas bien formadas y nombradas. El modelo que se obtiene como resultado de esta Tesis Doctoral es una contribucion a la definicion de una teoria general y, especificamente, a la construccion de un vocabulario unificado para la ingenieria de software, ya que permite definir de manera unificada y carente de ambiguedad el constructo teorico de practica. El modelo se valida mediante la consulta a expertos de la comunidad de ingenieria de software. En la validacion se realizan analisis cualitativos y cuantitativos que permiten identificar las oportunidades de mejora y el nivel de aceptacion del modelo para los expertos evaluadores.
The spatial diffusion of nonmarital cohabitation in Belgium over 25 years: Geographic proximity and urban hierarchy

Background: Previous studies have shown that nonmarital cohabitation is socially diffused. However, to our knowledge, no studies exist on spatial aspects of the diffusion. This article examines the spatial diffusion process of nonmarital cohabitation in Belgium. Objective: This study aims to answer the following questions: What is the spatial diffusion pattern of nonmarital cohabitation in Belgium? In which areas did nonmarital cohabitation increase first, and which areas are resistant to this demographic change? How has this diffusion taken place geographically? Methods: We use data from the Belgian National Register, which makes it possible to achieve analysis at a detailed geographical level (the municipality) and covering a long period of time (1991–2015). We use diachronic cartography to reveal the spatial patterns of diffusion of nonmarital cohabitation in Belgium. Results: We observed that spatial diffusion of nonmarital cohabitation in Belgium is similar to the spread pattern of fertility decline in the first demographic transition. This observed spatial pattern suggests to some degree that this process may have occurred by geographic proximity and through the urban hierarchy. Contribution: The article highlights the importance of investigating nonmarital cohabitation from a spatial and temporal perspective. It describes the spatial pattern of the spread of nonmarital cohabitation in Belgium. To our knowledge, this has never been done before in the existing literature on nonmarital cohabitation. The results highlight a possible diffusion through the urban hierarchy, even if the influence of contextual conditions on diffusion within municipalities cannot be excluded. Our results, although descriptive, could have important implications for future statistical modelling of the diffusion process.
Adaptation of endothelial cells to shear stress under atheroprone conditions by modulating internalization of vascular endothelial cadherin and vinculin

Background Endothelial cells play a pivotal role in cardiovascular physiology and pathology by providing a barrier to the bloodstream. In the current study, we investigated the phenotype and barrier function of endothelial cells in response to shear stress under pro-atherogenic conditions. Methods Endothelial cells were exposed to laminar shear stress (LSS) in a parallel-plate flow chamber containing oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in the perfusion solution, or remained static. We quantified the response of endothelial monolayers to LSS and oxLDL in terms of cell viability, barrier integrity, vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) availability, focal adhesion (FA) remodeling, and monocyte-endothelial interactions. Results Our results showed that oxLDL stimulation and static conditions synergized to enhance endothelial barrier disruption. Under the same oxLDL challenge, the application of 25 dynes/cm2 LSS on the endothelial monolayer decreased the passage of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran by 37.79%, increased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) by 24.97% compared with static cells (P<0.05), which was accompanied by reduced intercellular gap formation, relatively solid cell-substrate adhesion. Compared with static cells, endothelial cells exposed to both laminar flow and oxLDL had less small FAs, less monocyte adhesion and transmigration, and alleviated overexpression of VCAM-1 and MCP-1. Meanwhile, the oxLDL-induced internalization of VE-cadherin and vinculin were also attenuated by laminar flow, and this change was more pronounced at LSS of 25 dynes/cm2 than 5 dynes/cm2. Conclusions Static conditions favor, whereas physiologically higher levels of LSS ameliorate endothelial barrier disruption under pro-atherogenic stress, which is related to the improved availability of VE-cadherin and vinculin on the cell surface.
Feature extraction of two dimensional Ising model by unsupervised neural networks

Deep Neural Network (DNN) has been very successful. Especially, unsupervised DNN can extract the features of complicated dataset without any prior knowledge. However, theoretical understanding of how it extracts the features and what it extracts as the features is not clear. We investigate these questions from the theoretical physics point of view by using the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) and the Autoencoder (AE) trained by spin configurations of the Ising model. In order to explore the features RBM and AE extract, we train them by spin configurations of the 2-dimensional Ising model and construct a flow of its parameters (in particular temperature) generated by the trained RBM and AE. This flow is motivated by the renormalization group flow of statistical model. It is thought that this flow emphasizes the “relevant” features the unsupervised networks learn, and eliminate “irrelevant” information from the dataset. We show that the RBM trained by spin configurations at various temperatures generates a flow on which the temperature approaches the critical temperature Tc ≃ 2.27 if the number of visible units is less than hidden units. Unlike the RBM case, the temperature of the fixed points of AE trained sufficiently is lower than the critical temperature if AE is sufficiently trained (5000 epochs). On the other hand, if the learning epochs are 1000, the fixed point temperature monotonically increase with the number of hidden units. We also analyze the weight matrices by singular value decomposition in order to read out the information RBM and AE learn.
An improved J‐multiplied method for the measurement of 3J(HN, Hα) from the two‐dimensional 15N–1H correlation spectrum

An improved method utilizing J‐multiplication for the measurement of 3J(HN, Hα) coupling constant is introduced. The current method benefits from slower relaxation rate of heteronuclear multiple‐quantum coherence. Furthermore, it combines incrementation periods for J‐multiplication and 15N chemical‐shift evolution. This reduces the length of the overall pulse sequence by t1. This, together with favourable relaxation properties of multiple‐quantum coherence, leads to narrower linewidths in the F1 dimension relative to the previously presented sensitivity‐enhanced, J‐multiplied HSQC experiment. The method is demonstrated on human ubiquitin. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hard X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Magnetic Circular Dichroism: Application to Fe3-xZnxO4 Spinel Oxide Thin Films

We have performed hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy combined with magnetic circular dichroism (MCD-HXPES) for 10-nm-thick Fe3-xZnxO4 (x = 0,0.5) thin films. For the Fe3-xZnxO4 (x = 0,0.5) thin films, a clear MCD signal was obtained in the Fe 2p core-level photoemission without any surface treatments. This result shows that MCD-HXPES has a large probing depth for both electronic and magnetic states, and indicates a potential application of MCD-HXPES to various magnetic materials and spintronics devices.
Determination of the accessible hydroxyl groups in heat-treated Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hartwich wood by hydrogen-deuterium exchange and 2H NMR spectroscopy

Abstract A new approach based on hydrogen-deuterium exchange is proposed for measuring accessible OH groups in wood. The deuterium (D) exchanged for hydrogen in OH groups in wood was converted to D2O by combustion in oxygen gas then diluted in deionized water, and subsequently determined by 2H NMR spectroscopy. The amount of accessible OH groups in Styrax tonkinensis wood is approximately 6.8 mmol g-1. This measurement is very accurate, with an error of approximately 0.2 mmol g-1. Heat-treated wood has a lower amount of accessible OH groups than non-treated wood. This finding is in agreement with the decreased hygroscopicity of heat-treated wood and explains, at least partially, its increased fungal resistance.
Feed Intake, Weight Gain and Carcass Yield Characteristics of Intact Hararghe Highland Male Goats Fed on Different Hay to Concentrate Ratios

Feed intake, live weight gain and carcass yield characteristics were studied using twenty-five yearling intact Hararghe highland male goats (17.6 ± 0.11 kg body weight) fed diets containing different hay to concentrate ratios, viz., 100:0, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50% for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively, in a randomized complete block design experiment with five animals per treatment that lasted for 90 days. The amount of CP supplied was 3.73, 10.15, 13.36, 16.57 and 19.79% per kg DM and the ME (MJ/kg DM) was 6.64, 7.51, 7.95, 8.38 and 8.82 for the respective treatments. Dry matter and nutrient intakes were measured daily, while live weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were recorded at the weekly interval. At the end of the feeding trial, all goats from each treatment were fasted for 12 h and slaughtered after taking the slaughter weight of each goat. Measurements were also taken on empty body weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage (DP) and rib eye muscle area. Concentrate supplementation of goats resulted in high (P 0.05) weak negative correlation (r = -0.16) between ADWG and the level of concentrate supplementation. Considering ADWG, FCE, DP and percentage of boneless meat, the diet with 20% concentrate level could be recommended for optimum live weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and carcass yield characteristics of goats. Keywords : Body Weight Gain; Carcass Yield; Feed Intake; Hararghe Highland Goats; Hay to Concentrate Ratio East African Journal of Sciences Vol. 1 (1) 2007: pp. 45-54
INVESTIGATION OF THE MOTIVATION OF THE SUPPORTERS IN SOCCER MATCHES IN THE EXAMPLE OF DEAC

In this study, We’ve been examining the motivation of the fans of the Debreceni Egyetemi Atletikai Club. We chose the questionnaire as a research method in which We used the SPEED-H scale developed by Kajos et al. (2017). We sent the questionnaire online to the target group by the snowball method, the sample was 40 people, mainly students, workers, and teachers of the University of Debrecen. The majority of the repliers are visiting DEAC matches for 2-10 years. It turned out that the reason for their first visit was the love for the sport and the effect of their friends. According to the SPEED-H scale, the main motivation for the repliers to visit was the excitement and beauty of the game.
Low dose γ-irradiation of some fluoropolymers: Effect of polymer chemical structure

The effect of low dose (1–20 Mrad) γ-irradiation on five fluoropolymers (PVF, PVDF, ETFE, FEP, PFA), differing in fluorine content and chain structure, was studied. The radiation effect, reflected by changes in thermal and mechanical properties, as well as NaOH etched surface morphology, was investigated. The main chain structure was found to predominate the irradiated polymers' behavior. The tensile strength of PVF and its resistance to etching increased with radiation dose, while its degree of crystallinity and melting temperature decreased. These changes were correlated with network formation by irradiation and by the incorporation of crosslinked segments into the crystalline phase during recrystallization. Solvent extraction of PVDF (no solvents were found for the other fluoropolymers) revealed increased gel formation with increasing dose. The degree of crystallinity and the tensile strength dependence on radiation dose for PVDF and ETFE reflected the competition between crosslinking and chain scission events. FEP and PFA undergo predominantly chain scission accompanied by reduction of their mechanical properties. PFA even exhibited an increase in both its melting temperature and degree of crystallinity, stemming from a massive degradation process forming shorter chains. Chemical mechanisms are discussed in an attempt to correlate the irradiation effects with the polymers' chain structure.
Complexes Pdn(C60)m: Computer Modeling of Structure and Prediction of Electron Properties

Results of the theoretical modeling of the structures of complexes Pd(C60)2, Pd2(C60)2, Pd3(C60)2, and Pd6(C60)3 are reported. Optimized geometries of these complexes were calculated by the DFT method in the PBE approach. Geometry parameters obtained for Pd6(C60)3 were used for modeling of polymer [Pd3(C60)]x structure. Electron spectrum of [Pd3(C60)]x was calculated within the tight-binding scheme based upon the extended Hückel theory (EHT). It was shown that the gap in spectrum of [Pd3(C60)]x was equal to 0.6 eV. Obtained results are used for interpretation of catalytic properties of systems {Pdn+(C60)m}.
On the Chemical Evidences of the Organic Content of Human Enamel

Although many analyses of enamel have been published, a comparison of these analyses shows that there are many discrepancies in their results, particularly in relation to the presence of organic matter. The principal chemical findings with reference to the presence of organic matter have been as follows:— Von Bibra (1) in 1844 gave as the organic content of human enamel 3·59 per cent, in adult males and 5·97 per cent, in adult females. Most other analyses have been done on enamels derived from the lower animals, and though not exactly comparable to human enamels the results are appended, as being of interest.