Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of gender on the career development of female traditional Korean medicine doctors: a qualitative study

Objective This study aims to examine the impact of gender and expected gender roles on the career development of young female traditional Korean medicine (KM) doctors. Design We conducted semistructured interviews to examine the experiences of study subjects regarding early career choices, employment, job performance and career moves, as well as future career aspirations, from the perspective of gender. The transcription was analysed using the Strauss and Corbin constant comparative analysis method. Setting The interview was conducted at a quiet and comfortable place selected by the participants in South Korea. Participants Ten female KM doctors in their 30s participated in the study. Results This study reveals that, initially, the participating female KM doctors were unaware of their gender affecting career decisions. However, after graduation and during employment, female doctors experienced direct discrimination or gender segregation while selecting areas of treatment and specialty; they found that they were preferred to work in paediatrics and dermatology departments than in departments treating musculoskeletal health problems. Furthermore, after entering the workforce, female KM doctors found that their gender significantly affects patient–doctor relationships and life events, such as pregnancy and childbirth require temporary career breaks. In addition, female KM doctors assumed stereotypical gender roles both in the workplace and at home, as well as becoming the main nurturer of their children. Conclusion Gender and stereotyped gender roles affect the overall career planning, career moves and even patient–doctor relationships of female KM doctors. Female doctors were also more likely to experience specific gender roles in the workplace and at home, including both childbirth and childrearing.
An update on the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents for patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence shows that a propensity towards a pro-inflammatory status in the brain plays an important role in schizophrenia. Anti-inflammatory drugs might compensate this propensity. This study provides an update regarding the efficacy of agents with some anti-inflammatory actions for schizophrenia symptoms tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods PubMed, Embase, the National Institutes of Health website (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were systematically searched for RCTs that investigated clinical outcomes. Results Our search yielded 56 studies that provided information on the efficacy of the following components on symptom severity: aspirin, bexarotene, celecoxib, davunetide, dextromethorphan, estrogens, fatty acids, melatonin, minocycline, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), pioglitazone, piracetam, pregnenolone, statins, varenicline, and withania somnifera extract. The results of aspirin [mean weighted effect size (ES): 0.30; n = 270; 95% CI (CI) 0.06–0.54], estrogens (ES: 0.78; n = 723; CI 0.36–1.19), minocycline (ES: 0.40; n = 946; CI 0.11–0.68), and NAC (ES: 1.00; n = 442; CI 0.60–1.41) were significant in meta-analysis of at least two studies. Subgroup analysis yielded larger positive effects for first-episode psychosis (FEP) or early-phase schizophrenia studies. Bexarotene, celecoxib, davunetide, dextromethorphan, fatty acids, pregnenolone, statins, and varenicline showed no significant effect. Conclusions Some, but not all agents with anti-inflammatory properties showed efficacy. Effective agents were aspirin, estrogens, minocycline, and NAC. We observed greater beneficial results on symptom severity in FEP or early-phase schizophrenia.
Anticoagulant Prescribing for Non‐Valvular Atrial Fibrillation in the Veterans Health Administration

Background Direct acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) theoretically could contribute to addressing underuse of anticoagulation in non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Few studies have examined this prospect, however. The potential of DOACs to address underuse of anticoagulation in NVAF could be magnified within a healthcare system that sharply limits patients’ exposure to out‐of‐pocket copayments, such as the Veterans Health Administration (VA). Methods and Results We used a clinical data set of all patients with NVAF treated within VA from 2007 to 2016 (n=987 373). We examined how the proportion of patients receiving any anticoagulation, and which agent was prescribed, changed over time. When first approved for VA use in 2011, DOACs constituted a tiny proportion of all prescriptions for anticoagulants (2%); by 2016, this proportion had increased to 45% of all prescriptions and 67% of new prescriptions. Patient characteristics associated with receiving a DOAC, rather than warfarin, included white race, better kidney function, fewer comorbid conditions overall, and no history of stroke or bleeding. In 2007, before the introduction of DOACs, 56% of VA patients with NVAF were receiving anticoagulation; this dipped to 44% in 2012 just after the introduction of DOACs and had risen back to 51% by 2016. Conclusions These results do not suggest that the availability of DOACs has led to an increased proportion of patients with NVAF receiving anticoagulation, even in the context of a healthcare system that sharply limits patients’ exposure to out‐of‐pocket copayments.
Impact of De-Identification on Clinical Text Classification Using Traditional and Deep Learning Classifiers

Clinical text de-identification enables collaborative research while protecting patient privacy and confidentiality; however, concerns persist about the reduction in the utility of the de-identified text for information extraction and machine learning tasks. In the context of a deep learning experiment to detect altered mental status in emergency department provider notes, we tested several classifiers on clinical notes in their original form and on their automatically de-identified counterpart. We tested both traditional bag-of-words based machine learning models as well as word-embedding based deep learning models. We evaluated the models on 1,113 history of present illness notes. A total of 1,795 protected health information tokens were replaced in the de-identification process across all notes. The deep learning models had the best performance with accuracies of 95% on both original and de-identified notes. However, there was no significant difference in the performance of any of the models on the original vs. the de-identified notes.
CRB2 Loss in Rod Photoreceptors Is Associated with Progressive Loss of Retinal Contrast Sensitivity

Variations in the Crumbs homolog-1 (CRB1) gene are associated with a wide variety of autosomal recessive retinal dystrophies, including early onset retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). CRB1 belongs to the Crumbs family, which in mammals includes CRB2 and CRB3. Here, we studied the specific roles of CRB2 in rod photoreceptor cells and whether ablation of CRB2 in rods exacerbates the Crb1-disease. Therefore, we assessed the morphological, retinal, and visual functional consequences of specific ablation of CRB2 from rods with or without concomitant loss of CRB1. Our data demonstrated that loss of CRB2 in mature rods resulted in RP. The retina showed gliosis and disruption of the subapical region and adherens junctions at the outer limiting membrane. Rods were lost at the peripheral and central superior retina, while gross retinal lamination was preserved. Rod function as measured by electroretinography was impaired in adult mice. Additional loss of CRB1 exacerbated the retinal phenotype leading to an early reduction of the dark-adapted rod photoreceptor a-wave and reduced contrast sensitivity from 3-months-of-age, as measured by optokinetic tracking reflex (OKT) behavior testing. The data suggest that CRB2 present in rods is required to prevent photoreceptor degeneration and vision loss.
Respiratory Drive in Critically Ill Patients: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications.

The respiratory drive, the intensity of the respiratory centers output, determines the effort exerted in each breath. The increasing awareness of the adverse effects of both strong and weak respiratory efforts during mechanical ventilation on patient outcome brings our attention to the respiratory drive of the critically ill patient. Critical illness can affect patients' respiratory drive through multiple pathways, mainly operating through three feedback systems: a) cortical, b) metabolic and c) chemical. The chemical feedback system, defined as the response of the respiratory center's output to changes in arterial blood gases and pH, is one of the most important determinants of respiratory drive. The purpose of this state-of-the-art review is to describe the determinants of respiratory drive in critically ill patients, review the tools available to assess respiratory drive at the bedside, and discuss the implications of altered respiratory drive during mechanical ventilation. An analysis that relates the arterial carbon dioxide levels with brain's response to this stimulus will be presented, contrasting the brain's responses to the patient's ability to generate effective alveolar ventilation, both during unassisted breathing and with different modes of ventilatory assist. This analysis may facilitate comprehension of the pathophysiology of respiratory drive in critically ill patients. As we aim to avoid both over- and under-assistance with mechanical ventilation, considering the patients' respiratory drive at the bedside may improve clinical assessment and management of the patient and the ventilator.
An improved procedure to implement NSGA-III in coordinate waste management for urban agglomeration

With the growth of urbanization in countries globally, large cities have often formed clusters of urban agglomerations in metropolitan areas. The coordinated management of regional solid waste produced by such urban agglomeration poses a typical high-dimensional, multi-objective optimization issue. This paper aims to introduce a procedure to implement the third-generation genetic algorithm (NSGA-III), an established multi-objective genetic algorithm based on non-dominated sorting mechanisms, for the purpose of evaluating environmental and economic benefits simultaneously while seeking the optimal solutions for coordinated management among multiple recycling centres. In this study, two series of scenarios were abstracted from scrap tire recycling, representing linear calculation and nonlinear calculation cases separately. Several improvements were made to the originally published NSGA-III procedure that solve the problem of non-convergence for hypervolumes of the output. Through comparisons of calculation results, an improved procedure is suggested and shown to have improved performance.
Assessment of the frequency of deep venous thromboembolism in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) among patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Patients who referred the preliminary diagnosis of OSAS were included in this study. D-dimer levels of all patients were measured, and D-dimer (+) patients were evaluated by Doppler USG of the lower-extremity. Mean age of the patient group was 52 ± 12 years and 31.8% (76/239) were women. The rate of D-dimer positivity among severe-OSAS cases (15/85) was significantly higher compared to the rest (13/154) (17.6% and 8.4%, respectively; p = 0.034). The risk of D-dimer positivity was elevated by 2.3 folds in severe-OSAS cases (OR: 2,324, 95% confidence interval: 1.048–5.152). Among 28 D-dimer (+) cases, 4 (14.2%) had DVT as demonstrated by USI of the lower-extremity. All four cases with DVT had severe OSAS. D-dimer was positive in 17.6% (15/85) of all severe OSAS cases. DVT was diagnosed in 4.7% (4/85) of severe-OSAS cases. DVT frequency was 26.6% (4/15) in D-dimer (+) severe-OSAS. Findings of this study indicate that severe-OSAS can be a significant risk factor for DVT. Additionally, data obtained in this study underline the benefits of questioning severe-OSAS patients with respect to DVT symptoms, investigating D-dimer levels and evaluating D-dimer (+) severe-OSAS cases for DVT prophylaxis.
Effects of Supplementation of Branches and Leaves Trimmed from Tea Plant on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Meat Composition of Nanjiang Yellow Goats

Simple Summary The effects of supplementation of branches and leaves trimmed from tea tree (BLTT) on growth performance, rumen fermentation characteristics and meat composition of fattening Nanjiang Yellow goats were studied. Supplementation of 4% BLTT increased final body weight of goats and also increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, while glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde followed the quadratic curve. Quadratic curves were also observed for villus height, crypt depth and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum. The quadratic effect was obtained for total essential amino acids, and individual amino acids threonine and leucine. Supplementation of 4% BLTT decreased the saturated fatty acid C16:0, and a quadratic effect was observed for polyunsaturated fatty acid C18:3 (n−3). From the present study, it is concluded that BLTT supplementation has a positive effect on body antioxidative status, gastrointestinal development, rumen fermentation characteristics and overall hence growth performance and meat composition in goats. Abstract Thirty-two 6-month-old, healthy Nanjiang Yellow goats (34.6 ± 4.16 kg) were randomly divided into four treatments to evaluate the supplementary effects of branches and leaves trimmed from tea tree (BLTT) on growth performance, rumen fermentation characteristics, and meat composition in fattening goats. The control goats were fed a basal diet. Treatments 1, 2 and 3 were fed 2%, 4% and 6% of BLTT respectively. After a 60 d feeding trial, blood samples were collected for the analysis of the antioxidant profile and goats were slaughtered to obtain the rumen fluid and carcass samples for determination of rumen fermentation characteristics and meat composition perameters. Increased final body weight was observed in goats fed 4% BLTT compared with control. The activity of superoxide dismutase was increased in the 4% BLTT-treated group, while glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde followed the quadratic curve. Quadratic curves were also observed for villus height, crypt depth and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum. The quadratic effect was obtained for total essential amino acids, and individual amino acids threonine and leucine. The saturated fatty acid C16:0 was decreased with 4% of BLTT supplementation, and a quadratic effect was observed for polyunsaturated fatty acid C18:3 (n−3). To sum up, our findings revealed that BLTT supplementation has a positive effect on body antioxidative status, gastrointestinal development, rumen fermentation characteristics and overall growth performance and meat quality in goats.
No Evidence for Association of BMI with Salivary Amylase Gene Copy Number in the UK 1958 Birth Cohort

In a 2014 publication, evidence was presented supporting the association of BMI with the copy number of the salivary amylase 1 (AMY1) gene, with an unprecedented effect size of −0.15 kg/m2 (SE 0.02) per copy of AMY1. Most well‐powered attempts to reproduce these findings have not been successful. However, because of different study designs, a significant association may still apply under restricted conditions such as in particular age groups. This study specifically tested the BMI‐AMY1 association at different age points in the same individuals using longitudinal BMI information from participants in the UK 1958 Birth Cohort study.
Complete Genome Sequence of Rubrobacter xylanophilus Strain AA3-22, Isolated from Arima Onsen in Japan

Rubrobacter xylanophilus strain AA3-22, belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria, was isolated from nonvolcanic Arima Onsen (hot spring) in Japan. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this organism, which was obtained by combining Oxford Nanopore long-read and Illumina short-read sequencing data. ABSTRACT Rubrobacter xylanophilus strain AA3-22, belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria, was isolated from nonvolcanic Arima Onsen (hot spring) in Japan. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this organism, which was obtained by combining Oxford Nanopore long-read and Illumina short-read sequencing data.
Detecting Systemic Data Quality Issues in Electronic Health Records

Secondary analysis of electronic health records for clinical research faces significant challenges due to known data quality issues in health data observationally collected for clinical care and the data biases caused by standard healthcare processes. In this manuscript, we contribute methodology for data quality assessment by plotting domain-level (conditions (diagnoses), drugs, and procedures) aggregate statistics and concept-level temporal frequencies (i.e., annual prevalence rates of clinical concepts). We detect common temporal patterns in concept frequencies by normalizing and clustering annual concept frequencies using K-means clustering. We apply these methods to the Columbia University Irving Medical Center Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership database. The resulting domain-aggregate and cluster plots show a variety of patterns. We review the patterns found in the condition domain and investigate the processes that shape them. We find that these patterns suggest data quality issues influenced by systemwide factors that affect individual concept frequencies.
Transforming Nursing Documentation

Graduate nursing education is positioned to transform nursing documentation so that it more fully describes nursing assessments, diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes to measure improvements in care. Learning to document with structured nursing terminology is an integral part of "Information Technology for Evidence-Based Practice", a required online course taken by all students in the Rutgers Doctor of Nursing Practice program. Beginning with SOAP and terminology required for billing, students create a clinical note adding elements of the Nursing Minimum Data Set, using Clinical Care Classification terms. Next, students are asked to select a nursing-related clinical practice guideline, electronic clinical quality improvement measure, and a screening tool that applies to their encounter note. Then, they identify Patient Reported Outcome Measures as well as improvement activities in the CMS Quality Payment Program. The course is well-received; many graduate students now face changes in documentation and electronic tools and can predict future evolution.
Inhomogeneous photocarrier dynamics and transport in monolayer MoS2 by ultrafast microscopy

Monolayer MoS2 as a member of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has attracted considerable attention due to its superior optoelectronic properties. Understanding the photocarrier dynamics and transport in these two dimensional systems is beneficial for applications from photovoltaics to sensing. However, various structural defects strongly impact the dynamics and transport of photocarriers. Especially there lacks a precise measuring and understanding of photocarrier transport in TMDs. Here, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and microscopy were employed to study the photocarrier dynamics and transport in monolayer MoS2. Defect correlated photocarrier dynamics are observed across the monolayer MoS2 where exciton formation and nonradiative recombination are the two dominant decay processes. To the best of our knowledge, we report two distinct photocarrier transport regimes in MoS2 for the first time with diffusion coefficients of D f a s t = 8.5 ± 0.4 cm2 s−1 and D s l o w = 1.3 ± 0.6 cm2 s−1, by taking advantages of ultrafast microscopy with ∼20 nm spatial precision and ∼200 fs temporal resolution. These two regimes are ascribed to fast hot photocarrier diffusion and slow phonon-limited thermal diffusion, respectively. The results indicate that the initial fast photocarrier transport is less dependent on structural defects compared to photocarrier relaxation dynamics which may be useful for hot photocarrier extraction applications.
A Proficient Spelling Analysis Method Applied to a Pharmacovigilance Task

Misspellings in clinical free text present potential challenges to pharmacovigilance tasks, such as monitoring for potential ineffective treatment of drug-resistant infections. We developed a novel method using Word2Vec, Levenshtein edit distance constraints, and a customized lexicon to identify correct and misspelled pharmaceutical word forms. We processed a large corpus of clinical notes in a real-world pharmacovigilance task, achieving positive predictive values of 0.929 and 0.909 in identifying valid misspellings and correct spellings, respectively, and negative predictive values of 0.994 and 0.333 as assessments where the program did not produce output. In a specific Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus use case, the method identified 9,815 additional instances in the corpus for potential inaffective drug administration inspection. The findings suggest that this method could potentially achieve satisfactory results for other pharmacovigilance tasks.
Se Nanoparticles Induce Changes in the Growth, Antioxidant Responses, and Fruit Quality of Tomato Developed under NaCl Stress

Nanotechnology represents an opportunity to improve the use of elements in agriculture. Selenium is an element that is beneficial to plants and essential to the human diet. The size of nanoparticles gives them characteristics that can enhance the benefits that selenium provides to plants. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of selenium nanoparticles on the growth, antioxidant responses, and fruit quality of tomato developed under NaCl stress. Four doses of selenium nanoparticles (1, 5, 10, and 20 mg L−1) under NaCl stress, only NaCl, and a control were evaluated. The results showed that the impact of salinity on the growth of the tomato crop can be reduced with the application of selenium nanoparticles. However, the amount of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds significantly increased in the leaves and fruits of tomato. The results suggest that the application of selenium nanoparticles generated a positive effect against salinity in the tomato crop; moreover, it had a positive impact on the content of beneficial biocompounds for human health in tomato fruits.
New Approach to Determine 6DOF Position and Orientation of an Object Using its Image

: In this paper, a new method for determining the position and orientation of the object in respect to the camera coordinate using the image is presented. True picture of the camera is obtained by a nonlinear mapping between the three-dimensional world and two-dimensional image. Some researchers assumed linear mapping to make approximation of position and orientation easier, but restrictions were imposed on the object size. Also the use of nonlinear mapping and geometric relationships between object and its image is so challenging and difficult task, but increase the accuracy and do not raises the limit on the size of the object. The case in which an object is placed in front of the camera can become different according to the orientation type and its distance from the main axis of the camera. In this paper, to determine 6DOF position and orientation of an object using its image, a system of nonlinear equations with ten equations and 5 unknowns is extracted. In solving nonlinear equations, it is important to choose an appropriate algorithm to minimize the error and needs little time. With regard to the non-exact values in practical test, the kind of optimization algorithm is proposed and. Then a way for selecting initial guess is proposed to always have a solution and reduce the run time. Accuracy of extracted equations is shown by determining 6 DOF position and orientation of one theodolite.