Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting C&C Server in the APT Attack based on Network Traffic using Machine Learning

APT (Advanced Persistent Threat) attack is a form of dangerous attack, it has clear intentions and targets. APT uses a variety of sophisticated, complex methods and technologies to attack on targets to gain confidential, sensitive information. Currently, the problem of detecting APT attacks still faces many challenges. The reason is APT attacks are designed specifically for each specific target, so it is difficult to detect them based on experiences or predefined rules. There are many different methods that are researched and applied to detect early signs of APT attacks in an organization. Today, one method of great concern is analyzing connections to detect a control server (C&C Server) in the APT attack campaign. This method has great practical significance because we just need to detect early the connection of malware to the control server, we will prevent quickly attack campaigns. In this paper, we propose a method to detect C&C Server based on network traffic analysis using machine learning. Keywords—Advanced Persistent Threat (APT); abnormal behavior; network traffic; machine learning; APT detection; Control Server (C&C Server)
Stateful DRF: Considering the Past in a Multi-Resource Allocation

The multi-resource allocation problem arises in different scenarios. Different mechanisms have been proposed to fairly divide multiple resources, most notably, Dominant Resource Fairness (DRF). Even though DRF satisfies several desirable properties, it considers fairness only in the static setting. We propose Stateful DRF (SDRF), an extension of DRF that looks at past allocations and enforces fairness in the long run while keeping the fundamental properties of DRF. We prove that SDRF is strategyproof, since users cannot manipulate the system by misreporting their demands; incentivizes sharing, because no user is better off if resources are equally partitioned; and is efficient, as no allocation can be improved without decreasing another. In SDRF, users’ priorities change over time. To avoid recalculating priorities at every task scheduling decision, we also propose Live Tree, a data structure that keeps elements with predictable time-varying priorities ordered. We implement SDRF on Mesos and run it in a real cluster. Moreover, we conduct large-scale simulations based on Google cluster traces of 30 million tasks over one month. Results show that SDRF reduces users’ waiting time on average. This improves fairness, by increasing the number of completed tasks for users with lower demands, with negligible impact on high-demand users.
Its About Time We Care About an Equitable World: Women's Unpaid Care Work and COVID-19

Unpaid care work, mostly performed by women, is a central but undervalued contributor to economies. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for unpaid care work increased due to restricted movement, social isolation, and economic challenges. This pandemic has highlighted the urgency of recognizing and valuing women's work at the household level which has been systematically overlooked. At the same time, it has increased the demand for technology usage, exposing the gender digital divide. This article aims to shed light on the additional burden women are facing, especially when trying to balance unpaid care work with paid employment from the seclusion of their homes. We do this by reviewing a number of surveys conducted in Indonesia. We combine this with other examples from additional contexts in order to draw attention to a global trend of amplified inequalities and struggles women are experiencing. We advocate for an urgent paradigm shift by providing vital recommendations for policymakers and managers.
Finite volume computation for the non-stationary probability density function of an impulsively controlled 1-D diffusion process

We derive a Fokker Planck Equation (FPE) governing probability density functions (PDFs) of an impulsively controlled 1-D diffusion process in seasonal population management problems. Two interventions are considered: perfect (completely controllable) and imperfect interventions (not completely controllable). The FPE is an initialand boundary-value problem subject to a non-local boundary condition along a moving boundary. We show that an finite volume method (FVM) with a domain transformation realizes a conservative discretization for the FPE. We demonstrate that the computed PDFs with the FVM and those with a Monte Carlo method agree well.
Variaciones de los tiempos de reacción frente a cambios de perspectiva y tamaño de los estímulos 2D y 3D en atención selectiva

Frente a un estimulo objetivo, las personas procesan mediante la atencion selectiva antes de realizar toma de decisiones. Si ese estimulo sufre algun cambio en su configuracion 2D o 3D, ? en que casos una persona reacciona mas rapido o mas lento? La presente investigacion evaluo la influencia de los cambios en las caracteristicas de los estimulos en experimentos de tiempos de reaccion en tareas de atencion visual en videojuegos creados en Unity 3D. Para estudiar esas caracteristicas, se realizo una comparacion entre dos experimentos de videojuegos. El primer experimento se dividio en dos bloques: uno mostraba estimulos en 2D y otro en 3D. Se recolecto el tiempo de reaccion de los participantes frente a esos estimulos y se obtuvo que el tiempo de reaccion fue mayor en 3D en 28.33 ms. En el segundo experimento se incrementaron los bloques (de dos a ocho) para explicar las diferencias de los tiempos de reaccion obtenidas en el primer experimento sea por el tamano o el angulo relativo que otorga una diferente perspectiva geometrica de presentacion de los estimulos en 3D, para lo cual se modificaron algunas caracteristicas de los estimulos del primer experimento. Los resultados despues de comparar los distintos escenarios muestran que la modificacion de las caracteristicas tiene una influencia en la atencion selectiva, pues los tiempos de reaccion del primer experimento varian en comparacion a los del segundo experimento dependiendo del cambio realizado (entre 65 y 67 ms de diferencia para 2D y entre 53 y 77 ms para 3D). En la discusion, se analiza el ambito de los estimulos en 2D y 3D en el neuromarketing o el deporte ante los cambios de tamano y angulo de la camara. En ambos escenarios, el presente trabajo sugiere evaluar para cada caso la modificacion en sus presentaciones o herramientas en un consiguiente incremento del tiempo de reaccion de los
Factors Related to Native American Students' Perceptions of Campus Culture

Abstract:Responses from 604 Native American undergraduates to the 2015 administration of the Multi-Institutional Study of Leadership (MSL) survey were examined to determine the effects of involvement in culturally based organizations, collective racial esteem, and being mentored by someone on campus on perceptions of a belonging campus climate and a nondiscriminatory campus climate. Public collective racial esteem and being mentored by someone on campus made significant contributions to respondents' perceptions of a belonging campus climate. Public collective racial esteem, private collective racial esteem, identity salience, and involvement in a culturally based organization contributed to respondents' perceptions of a nondiscriminatory campus climate. The contributions of identity salience and involvement were negative.
Leading sustainable schools in the era of Education 4.0: identifying school leadership competencies in Malaysian secondary schools

Abstrac t The purpose of the study was to develop an empirical School Leadership Competency Model for the era of Education 4.0 (SLCMEduc4.0) to identify school leadership competencies that facilitate and maximize effectiveness in leading sustainable schools in Malaysia. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was employed to identify the underlying factors whereas Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied to test the measurement models using Structural Equation Modelling. A total of 444 and 931 respondents completed the survey with usable data for EFA and CFA respectively. The results suggested that the SLCMEdu4.0 can be explained by eight factors namely; Leading for Learning, Emotional Intelligence, Critical Thinking , Communication and Ethics , Collaboration , Decision Making and Problem Solving , Digital Dexterity and Entrepreneurial with good fit statistics; normed x 2 =2.628, TLI=. 950, CFI=. 954 and RMSEA=. 042. With a total of 40 items, the model also features good convergent and discriminant validity and construct reliability. The SLCMEduc4.0 is a coherent premier model that provides useful feedback for practitioners in planning, designing and evaluating future professional development programmes for school leaders. The study encourages a fresh look at educational leadership development locally and globally specifically in enhancing the leadership development of Malaysian school leaders towards productive change in the era of Education 4.0. research are in the fields of school change management, school leadership, teacher professional development and professional learning communities. She has presented papers at both national and international conferences. Her written contributions have appeared in a number of international journals. to and also as the Dean of Post Institute from to He has conducted research, presented papers and published books and journal articles on educational leadership and human resource development. He also involves in training consultancy projects with various governments and private agencies including educational leadership training for local and international participants.
In silico analysis of oral acute toxicity, organ toxicity, immunotoxicity, genetic toxicity endpoints, nuclear receptor signaling pathways and stress response pathways of phytocopounds from Cymbopogon flexuosus

The present objective was an in silico study to detect oral acute toxicity, organ toxicity, immunotoxicity, genetic toxicity endpoints, nuclear receptor signalling, and stress response pathways of common synthetic pyrethroids by using ProTox-II webserver. The phyto-compounds synthesized from cymbopogon flexuosus such as carbetapentane, 2-propenoic acid, bornyl acetate, Heptadecanoic acid, phytol, 1(3H)-isobenzofuranone,3-ethoxy-, quinhydrone, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid ethyl ester, 15-methylhexadecanoic acid, oxirane, 1-Heptanol-6-methyl, Diacyl phthalate, eicosane. ProTox-II webserver was used for toxicological assessment in organism, organs, cell and gene level along with molecular mechanisms of toxicity. The predictive results for the toxicity of phyto-compounds, 2-propenoic acid showed highly toxic compound among 13 compounds as fatal if swallowed as class III followed by carbetapentane, Heptadecanoic acid, 15-methylhexadecanoic acid, quinhydrone, 1-Heptanol-6-methyl but hepatotoxic potential was only Heptadecanoic acid, quinhydrone, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid ethyl ester while no immunotoxic was obtained. On the other hand, none of the compounds were obtained cytotoxicity and carbetapentane and oxirane shows carcinogenicity and Mutagenecity. In case of NR signalling pathways, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid ethyl ester were obtained nrf2/ARE and HSE active while MMP active compounds were obtained 1(3H)-isobenzofuranone,3-ethoxy-, quinhydrone, respectively. For p53 and ATAD5 parameters, all thirteen compounds were obtained inactive. In conclusion, the present predictive results are suitable for academician, researchers, industries, etc. those who are making drugs and environmental chemicals. This web server helps faster screening of large numbers of compounds within short duration and no animal testing. This present in silico study easily detects toxin(s), which can be validated in future through in vitro and in vivo experimental assay.
Balanced Dual-Band Superconducting Filter Using Stepped-Impedance Resonators With High Band-to-Band Isolation and Wide Stopband

A balanced dual-band and wide-stopband high- temperature superconducting (HTS) bandpass filter (BPF) with deep stopband rejection is designed using modified stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) in this brief. The center frequencies of the two differential-mode (DM) passbands can be controlled by adjusting two electrical length ratios of the proposed SIR, while keeping the third spurious frequency far away for wide-stopband design. An inherent common-mode (CM) suppression can also be obtained due to the discriminating CM resonant frequencies different from the DM ones. Multiple transmission zeros (TZs) are achieved to realize high passband selectivity and enhanced DM stopband by multipath coupling and shunt stubs loaded on the I/O ports. The proposed balanced dual-band filter operating at 1.78/4.0 GHz is eventually fabricated using HTS YBCO thin films on a MgO substrate, which can significantly lower the insertion losses. The circuit was measured at the temperature of 77 K, which shows maximum insertion losses of 0.42/0.37 dB and a DM stopband of $5.0{f}_{1}^{d}$ with 40-dB attenuation, respectively.
Orientation Field Code Hashing: A Novel Method for Fast Palmprint Identification

For a large-scale palmprint identification system, it is necessary to speed up the identification process to reduce the response time and also to have a high rate of identification accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel hashing-based technique called orientation field code hashing for fast palmprint identification. By investigating hashing-based algorithms, we first propose a double-orientation encoding method to eliminate the instability of orientation codes and make the orientation codes more reasonable. Secondly, we propose a window-based feature measurement for rapid searching of the target. We explore the influence of parameters related to hashing-based palmprint identification. We have carried out a number of experiments on the Hong Kong PolyU large-scale database and the CASIA palmprint database plus a synthetic database. The results show that on the Hong Kong PolyU large-scale database, the proposed method is about 1.5 times faster than the state-of-the-art ones, while achieves the comparable identification accuracy. On the CASIA database plus the synthetic database, the proposed method also achieves a better performance on identification speed.
Eight-Diagram Based Access Point Selection Algorithm for Indoor Localization

A new method is proposed for selecting Access Points (APs) with propagation direction combination based on Eight-Diagram for indoor localization in indoor environments, which can not only improve positioning accuracy, but also reduce computational complexity by using fewer APs. With propagation direction combination based on eight basic directions, for instance, east, south, west, north, southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest, provided by the Eight-Diagram, the proposed AP selection algorithm can be applied to indoor scenarios where Wi-Fi RSSI is corrupted by multipath interference. Experiments were conducted and the results demonstrate that the proposed AP selection algorithm achieves an accuracy considerably better than the WKNN, MaxMean, InfoGain and PCA methods. Due to the use of fewer APs, the proposed algorithm has lower computational complexity than the MaxMean and InfoGain algorithms, and equivalent with the PCA algorithm.
Evaluation of colony formation dataset of simulated cell cultures

In vitro biological experiments and in silico individual-based computational models are widely used to understand the low-level behavior of cells and cellular functions. Many of these functions can not be directly observed, however, may be deduced from other properties that can be well measured and modeled. In this paper, we present a procedure to evaluate synthetic cell colony formation generated by an off-lattice individual-based model. The calculated shape features of the artificial cell aggregates can be related to the parameter values of the simulated agents, therefore this data can be used to quantify properties of real-life cells such as motility or binding affinity that can not be easily determined otherwise. Our experiments showed that only a few of these parameters are responsible for the difference in shape features of the colonies.
Effects of Two Neural Mobilization Techniques in Sciatica: A Comparative Study

Sciatica means pain along sciatic nerve distribution. The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of sciatic nerve mobilization & flexion extension movements of head and cervical spine to improve neural mobility and function in patients with sciatica. 30 patients were taken for the study, divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. Both the groups were treated with IFT, ILT and back exercises. Group A was additionally given neural mobilization for sciatic nerve using SLR in addition. Group B was given flexion extension movements of head and cervical spine in addition. Modified Oswestry Back Disability Index Questionnaire, [6,7] and goniometric Range of Motion [8-11,22] of hip joint in SLR were taken at baseline after 7 days. There was improvement in both ROM of SLR and MODI score after 7 days. Both the techniques local sciatic nerve mobilization and flexion-extension movements of head and cervical spine are effective in improving neural mobility and physical disability in sciatica, local sciatic nerve mobilization using SLR being more effective of two in sciatica.
The Vaccine Attitude Scale: Psychometric Properties and Validation

In this study, it was aimed to develop a vaccine attitude scale. This scale has the potential to aid in the advancement of research and immunization policy. We carried out exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to discover the uncovered dimensions and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the obtained structures in vaccine attitude scale. Also, we checked the reliabilities with Cronbach Alpha coefficients for each factor. The results revealed that the vaccine attitude scale can be represented with three factors such as the benefits, acceptance and hesitation of the vaccine. We observed positive relationship between benefits-acceptance and an acceptance-hesitation factor but there is negative relationship between benefits-hesitation in vaccine attitude scale. The dimension of the vaccine attitude scale was found reliable and valid as the results of the statistical analysis. This improved scale was found fairly high in terms of validity and reliability. Besides, it is found that it is a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine vaccine attitude of the individuals.
A CONTACTLESS SYSTEM FOR THE DIELECTRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF LIQUID DROPS

The present article shows the design, implementation, and measurement of a compact contactless electronic system for sensing small volumes of liquids. The system is based on two elements: an electronic reader and a passive sensor. The proposed sensor consists of a printed monopole antenna loaded with two Split-Ring Resonators. This results in a fully-passive and single-layer low-cost design. To allow the sensing of small volumes of liquids, a 1-mm-thick adhesive Kapton layer was attached on the top layer of the sensor, and two drop tanks were added to the structure. On the other hand, the reader was designed following a layered approach, which allows us to develop compact and low-cost electronic sensor readers for the Internet of Things. The resulting reader contains a Radio-Frequency interface for the generation of detection of signals, a minicomputer, and the radiating interface. This interface includes a patch antenna that allows us to interrogate the contactless sensor within a 1-cm range. The whole system was manufactured and tested. The total dimensions of the reader are 15 cm × 15 cm, and its weight is below 1 kg. These imply a dramatic form factor and weight reductions with respect to previous readers. Moreover, the manufactured system was used to measure the dielectric permittivity of different liquid drops. Results show that only 4ml of liquid were needed to determine the dielectric permittivity with a 0.27% error. This volume means a 98.4% reduction compared to submersible sensors which can be found in the literature.
The possible role of machine learning in detection of increased cardiovascular risk patients – KSC MR Study (design)

Introduction Currently, just a few major parameters are used for cardiovascular (CV) risk quantification to identify many of the high-risk subjects; however, they leave a lot of them with an underestimated level of CV risk which does not reflect the reality. Material and methods The submitted study design of the Kosice Selective Coronarography Multiple Risk (KSC MR) Study will use computer analysis of coronary angiography results of admitted patients along with broad patients’ characteristics based on questionnaires, physical findings, laboratory and many other examinations. Results Obtained data will undergo machine learning protocols with the aim of developing algorithms which will include all available parameters and accurately calculate the probability of coronary artery disease. Conclusions The KSC MR study results, if positive, could establisha base for development of proper software for revealing high-risk patients, as well as patients with suggested positive coronary angiography findings, based on the principles of personalised medicine.
Assessment of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content of some medicinal plants used by the tribes in Wayanad, Kerala.

The tribal medicines play vital role in curing human diseases in Wayanad district Kerala. In our continuous effort 500 plants are already been reported. The objective of the present study is to examine the antioxidant activity of methanolic and aq. exts. of leaves of Embelia tsjeriam-cottam(Roem.&Schult.)DC. , Gomphostemma heyneanum Benth.var. heyneanum, Hackeria subpeltata (Willd.)Kunth and Nothapodytes nimmoniana (Graham)Mabb. which are extensively used by the tribes for curing cancer, arthritis, piles, dysentery, diarrhoea and skin problems. The DPPH radical scavenging activity, phosphomelybdenum assay and Fe (3) to Fe (2) reducing activity were employed in the present study to det. the antioxidant activity of these plants. The DPPH radical scavenging activity for the methanolic leaf ext. of, Hackeria subpeltata (Willd.)Kunth is significant when compared to the commonly used BHA followed by 99.24% at 517nm (Methanolic ext. of Gomphostemma heyneanum Benth.var. heyneanum), 93.90% at 517nm (Methanolic ext. of Embelia tsjeriam-cottam(Roem.Schult.)DC. The max. value for phenol estn. , reducing power and antioxidant capacity by phosphomolybdenum were shown by the methanolic leaf ext. of Hackeria subpeltata (Willd.) which forms a good basis to propose the plant material for further phytochem. and pharmacol. anal. [on SciFinder(R)]
Towards IEC 61499-Based Distributed Intelligent Automation: A Literature Review

The IEC 61499 standard was proposed for distributed architecture design of industrial automation systems to support portability, interoperability, and configurability. Compared with the traditional IEC 61131-3 standard, it provides an open reference architecture with some key features—object-oriented modeling by using function blocks as basic elements and event-driven execution by using data/events as inputs/outputs. In order to make IEC 61499 more applicable in industrial practices, researchers have been focusing on its transformation methods, modeling techniques, and implementation tools over the past years. In this article, three major issues are discussed through analysis of recent research: 1) how existing systems programmed in IEC 61131-3 can be transitioned to IEC 61499-based systems; 2) how IEC 61499 has integrated with enabling technologies for distributed intelligent automation; and 3) how engineering environments for IEC 61499 have been implemented. In detail, the article starts with challenges in the transition to and methods of transformation to IEC 61499-based systems, goes further into design and computing paradigms for IEC 61499 function block modeling, and ends with developments and applications of IEC 61499 engineering environments. Discussions and future research trends are outlined as a conclusion.