Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stacked borrows: an aliasing model for Rust

Type systems are useful not just for the safety guarantees they provide, but also for helping compilers generate more efficient code by simplifying important program analyses. In Rust, the type system imposes a strict discipline on pointer aliasing, and it is an express goal of the Rust compiler developers to make use of that alias information for the purpose of program optimizations that reorder memory accesses. The problem is that Rust also supports unsafe code, and programmers can write unsafe code that bypasses the usual compiler checks to violate the aliasing discipline. To strike a balance between optimizations and unsafe code, the language needs to provide a set of rules such that unsafe code authors can be sure, if they are following these rules, that the compiler will preserve the semantics of their code despite all the optimizations it is doing. In this work, we propose Stacked Borrows, an operational semantics for memory accesses in Rust. Stacked Borrows defines an aliasing discipline and declares programs violating it to have undefined behavior, meaning the compiler does not have to consider such programs when performing optimizations. We give formal proofs (mechanized in Coq) showing that this rules out enough programs to enable optimizations that reorder memory accesses around unknown code and function calls, based solely on intraprocedural reasoning. We also implemented this operational model in an interpreter for Rust and ran large parts of the Rust standard library test suite in the interpreter to validate that the model permits enough real-world unsafe Rust code.
An assessment of rapamycin for weakening binge-eating memories via reconsolidation: a pre-registered, double-blind randomised placebo-controlled experimental study

Abstract Background Maladaptive learning linking environmental food cues to high-palatability food reward plays a central role in overconsumption in obesity and binge eating disorders. The process of memory reconsolidation offers a mechanism to weaken such learning, potentially ameliorating over-eating behaviour. Here we investigated whether putatively interfering with synaptic plasticity using the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, rapamycin, could weaken retrieved chocolate reward memories through blockade of reconsolidation Methods Seventy five healthy volunteers with a tendency to binge eat chocolate were randomised to retrieve chocolate reward memory under 10 mg rapamycin (RET + RAP, active condition), or placebo (RET + PBO), or they received 10 mg rapamycin without subsequent retrieval (NO RET + RAP). Indices of chocolate reward memory strength were assessed one week pre and post manipulation and at one month follow-up. Results Contrary to hypotheses, the RET + RAP group did not show any greater reduction than control groups on indices of motivational salience of chocolate cues, motivation to consume chocolate or liking of chocolate. Mild evidence of improvement in the RET + RAP group was found, but this was limited to reduced chocolate binge episodes and improved healthy food choices. Conclusions We did not find convincing evidence of comprehensive naturalistic chocolate reward memory reconsolidation blockade by rapamycin. The effects on chocolate bingeing and food choices may warrant further investigation. These limited positive findings may be attributable to insufficient interference with mTOR signalling with 10 mg rapamycin, or failure to destabilise chocolate memories during retrieval.
RECOMMENDER SYSTEMS BASED ON MATRIX FACTORIZATION FOR AGRICULTURAL DATASETS

As hardware devices became increasingly sophisticated and cheaper, and fast and broadband wireless internet connection became available not just in towns but also in remote rural areas, using sensors to collect various kinds of data became common in agriculture and applying these sensors to a wide range of locations using huge databases. However, despite the numerous highly qualified agricultural specialists and this huge amount of data collected, lot of useful information remains hidden. A demand for software naturally arises which is able to handle these enormous databases, and can derive latent information from it to ease decision making in important agricultural situations. We delineate in our paper the effort and outcome while we examined Farm Accountancy Data Network data collected by the Hungarian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics (AKI). Our main interest was to find those questions which can be answered by the use of a matrix factorization (MF) model
Effect of a training program on periodontal health status in diabetic patients

Since systemic inflammation appears to be a major factor of diabetes, periodontitis may be considered a representative site of this general immunological disorder. Diabetes is associated with increased prevalence, severity, and progression of periodontal diseases. The prevalence of diabetes is more than twice as high in patients with periodontitis compared to healthy subjects. Periodontal disease may contribute to systemic inflammation and worsening insulin resistance and glycemic control due to the generation of inflammatory cytokines. Physical exercise may be helpful to increase insulin sensitivity and to improve glucose metabolism. Further moderate endurance exercise may improve resistance against infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of physical exercise on periodontal inflammation in diabetics with periodontal diseases. Methods: 14 good controlled type 2 diabetics were examined before and after 6 months of moderate recreational training 2 times a week. A self-reported oral hygiene and health questionnaire was completed. All subjects had a clinical dental examination, including plaque index and gingivitis index, probing depth, clinical attachment loss and Periodontal Screening Index. Results: There were no significant changes in weight and HbA1c. Overall dental hygiene was not changed. Insignificantly improved values were found for clinical attachment loss and loss of insertion. The periodontal screening index (PSI) was significantly decreased by 8%. The periodontal bleeding index 3 (PBI) was significantly reduced to 39% of pre-training score values. The number of probing pocket depth sites >5 mm or >6mm was highly significantly reduced to 61% or 23%, respectively. The gingival index (GI) was highly significantly reduced to 61%. Conclusions: A six months rehabilitative exercise training had only minor effects on body weight and HbA1c values. Unexpectedly the major effects were related to a relevant improvement of indices of periodontal inflammation. The results may indicate that a consequent training regimen in diabetics may improve the systemic inflammatory status of the patients. It is known that physical training improves the immune status including cellular defense of the gingival tissues. Diabetes reduces the local gingival defense and enhances the severity of periodontal disease. It appears that chronic physical exercise may act as an antagonist against these undesirable effects.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Chlorinated Paraffins in Rat and Human: Importance of Biliary Excretion.

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are chemicals with high production volumes that can accumulate at high levels in general populations. The pharmacokinetics of CPs as pollutants is unknown, and there is no evidence that the MCCPs and LCCPs are safe replacements for SCCPs. In this study, SCCPs, MCCPs and LCCPs were firstly in vivo and in vitro exposed to rat and liver microsomes, respectively. Toxicokinetics of these compounds were assessed and used to establish the corresponding PBPK models in rats. More than 90% of ingested CPs were deposited in liver and fat, and the compounds were extremely resistant to metabolism and mostly eliminated via biliary excretion. Then, humans' external and internal exposures to CPs were investigated for one year in Shenzhen, South China. The results were used to calibrate the key parameters for the establishment of a PBPK model in humans. In the PBPK models of rat and human, the rate of biliary excretion had the greatest influence on the accumulated levels and half-lives of CPs. The body half-lives of human were estimated to be 5.1, 1.2 and 0.6 years for SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs, respectively, suggesting the high accumulation of SCCPs in human compared to other CPs.
What Determines Efficacy? The Roles of Codes and Guidance Materials in Occupational Safety and Health Regulation

Abstract Codes of practice and guidance material fulfil important roles, especially (but not exclusively) under the occupational safety and health regimes of countries that have adopted the ‘Robens model’ of legislation, such as Australia, New Zealand and the UK. In these countries, codes provide greater certainty about what constitutes compliance, while guidance material provides broader advice. Despite the centrality of these mechanisms to the success of occupational safety and health regulation, they have been subjected to very little empirical scrutiny. The principal aim of this paper is to review the key characteristics that determine the efficacy of occupational safety and health codes of practice and guidance materials and, in so doing, to fill some gaps in the knowledge base about them. The empirical component was drawn from interviews and questionnaires in Australia, Canada (in particular British Columbia), Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and the UK.
MORTALITY EXPERIENCE AROUND AGE 100

This paper presents mortality rates by sex at ages 90 and above for persons who received retired worker benefits from the social security program for the first month that such benefits were paid. This group provides a nearly ideal source of data at the extremely old ages, because good proof of age was required at the time of initial entitlement to benefits and all members of that group are now dead. Mortality rates for these charter beneficiaries are compared with mortality rates calculated from the records of the medicare program and also to rates calculated from the Vital Statistics volumes published by the National Center for Health Statistics. The relative closeness of the mortality rates from the three sources demonstrates that mortality is now fairly well known around age 100, as noted by Rosenwaike, Yaffe, and Sagi. All three sources show a progressive deviation in mortality at the extremely high ages from what would be extrapolated by a Gompertz formula, thus corroborating research done by Perks, Humphrey, Vincent, Depoid, and others. Mortality rates of the charter beneficiaries increase with age to the end of the life span rather than eventually leveling off, thus corroborating the research done in Europe and contradicting some of the medicare rates presented by Bayo and Wilkin. All three sources analyzed in this paper show a crossover in mortality of males and females near age I00, unlike most of the European data. Further research is needed to establish whether this observed crossover is real or an aberration.
Public Policy and Sovereign Risk

How does the presence of sovereign risk affect the conduct of public policy? To answer this question, this paper studies optimal monetary and fiscal policy without commitment for a model with nominal public debt and strategic sovereign default. When a government might default on debt payments, public policy changes in the short and the long run relative to a scenario without positive sovereign risk, which is induced by prohibitively high default costs. Risk of default increases the volatility of interest rates, impeding the government’s ability to smooth tax distortions across states and thereby amplifying the impact of aggregate shocks on the economy. It also limits public debt accumulation which reduces the government’s incentive to use surprise inflation on average. Although sovereign risk can have sizable quantitative implications for the behavior of public policy, it is found to only have negligible welfare consequences.
Event-Argument Linking in Hindi for Information Extraction in Disaster Domain

Event extraction is an important task in Natural Language Processing. Extracting event triggers and arguments from text is a very important sub-task of information extraction. If a sentence contains only a single event and one or more arguments, then it is obvious to assume that all the arguments are linked to that particular event. However, when a single sentence consists of multiple events and arguments, we need to link arguments with their respective events. In this paper, we develop a deep learning based approach to solve the problem of event-argument linking. We construct the task as a problem of classification, where for a given pair of event and candidate argument, the system has to decide whether they are linked to each other or not. As there is no available data in Hindi, we crawl the news data from different sources, annotate them following proper guidelines, and create a benchmark setup for eventargument linking. We believe that this is the very first attempt for eventargument linking in Hindi. The source code can be obtained from https: //github.com/Saumajit/EAL .
Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea-related hypertension in police officers in Southern China.

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for hypertension. OSA-related hypertension is common and treatment of OSA can reduce blood pressure (BP). However, few studies have been conducted on this type of hypertension in the Chinese occupational population. Methods We conducted a field investigation of a team of police officers who underwent an annual health check-up in 2017 in the city of Guangzhou, in southern China. Participants were screened with the Berlin Questionnaire and those at high risk for OSA performed a home sleep apnea test (HSAT). BP over 140/90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive drugs is considered hypertension. Results Of the 1,036 individuals (799 males and 237 females) included in our study, the mean age was 40.7±9.1 years (range, 22-63 years), 228 (22.0%) were at high risk for OSA, and 103 (9.9%) were diagnosed with OSA. Of the 103 diagnosed with OSA, none had ever been diagnosed with and treated for OSA, and 49 (47.6%) were also diagnosed with hypertension; of these 49, 15 (30.6%) had not been diagnosed with hypertension before, and 27 (55.1%) had never been treated for hypertension. Age [odds ratio (OR) =5.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78-18.98, P<0.01] and severity of OSA (OR =5.07, 95% CI: 1.72-14.89, P<0.01) were associated with increased risk of OSA-related hypertension. After mood (depression and anxiety) status adjustment, age (adjusted OR =5.81, 95% CI: 1.80-18.80, P<0.01) and severity of OSA (adjusted OR =4.56, 95% CI: 1.49-13.93, P<0.01) were still risk factors for OSA-related hypertension. Conclusions Among the policemen of southern China, a higher prevalence was detected not only of OSA but also of OSA-related hypertension which was associated with higher OSA severity and age.
Clinique Médicale A et Laboratoire de Nutrition, Unité de Recherche Associée Lipides et Croissance,1 Association Régionale d'Aide aux Urémiques du Centre Ouest,. Département de Néphrologie, Dialyse, Transplantation,2 Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France

Objective: To explore the mechanisms and metabolic consequences of the insulin resistance of patients treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Design: CAPD patients and healthy subjects ingested a similar mean oral glucose load per kilogram of fat -free mass (FFM) [1.20 ± 0.03 g/(kg FFM) vs 1.20 ± 0.06 g/(kg FFM); CAPD vs healthy subjects]. Substrate oxidation was monitored over 6 hours using indirect calorimetry. Setting: Peritoneal dialysis unit of a tertiary-care institutional center. Outcome Measures: Glycemia, insulinemia, substrate oxidation. Patients: Six CAPD patients (68 ± 5 yr) and 6 healthy subjects (24 ± 1 yr). The CAPD patients had similar body mass index (21.4 ± 1.3 vs 22.9 ± 1.1 kg/m2), a higher percent fat (25.8% ± 3.7% vs 16% ± 2.2%; p < 0.05), and a lower FFM (42.2 ± 2.2 kg vs 56.5 ± 2.6 kg; p < 0.01) than healthy subjects. Results: The CAPD patients displayed a higher glycemic and insulinemic responses to glucose than did healthy subjects (p < 0.05), but similar glucose oxidation and storage. Lipid oxidation and plasma nonesterified fatty acids were not increased in CAPD patients versus healthy subjects, in spite of a higher adiposity. Fat oxidation was related to fat mass in CAPD patients (r2 = 0.77, p < 0.05) but not in healthy subjects (r2 = 0.05). Conclusion: CAPD patients display an insulin -resistance not explained by an increased lipid oxidation. The maintenance of intracellular glucose utilization at the expense of higher glycemic and insulinemic responses suggests a defective glucose transport.
Principals’ Decision Making Strategies and Teachers’ Productivity in Secondary Schools in Ondo Central Senatorial District of Ondo State, Nigeria

The study examined principals’ decision making strategies and level of teachers’ involvement in decision making, and determined the implications on teachers’ instructional task performance and students’ academic performance in secondary schools in Ondo Central Senatorial District of Ondo State, Nigeria. Four research questions were raised, and two hypotheses were also formulated to guide the study. Descriptive survey and ex post facto research designs were adopted. Respondents comprised 30 principals and 600 teachers randomly sampled from 30 secondary schools. Data were collected using “Principals’ Decision Making and Teachers’ Task Questionnaire” (PDMTTQ), and “Students’ Academic Performance Proforma” (SAPP). Research questions were analyzed using frequency count and percentage while hypotheses were tested using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient at an alpha level of 0.05. Results showed the significant relationship between principals’ decision making strategies and teachers’ instructional task performance (r-cal=0.528, p<=0.000), and significant relationship between teachers’ instructional task performance and students’ academic performance (r-cal=0.511, p<=0.000).
AN EFFICIENT RETROFIT PLANNING WORKFLOW

Ship operators are facing strict environmental requirements such as exhaust emission limitations. Often major technological modifications of the vessel are needed to assure economic and ecologic operations. Such retrofitting projects pose new challenges for the ship sub-system suppliers. Designing modified equipment is hardly possible without information of the as-built status of the ship. Generally ship owners are not capable of providing accurate 3D models without the assistance of service companies. A common approach to generate 3D models is to use laser scanning technology. However the reverse engineering process to derive 3D models from point clouds is time and labour consuming. This paper describes an approach for a more efficient tender preparation process for retrofit scenarios in the shipbuilding industry. The focus is on a new method to record the as-built situation and to generate 3D models automatically by using low-cost technology. The approach leads to cost and time savings.
Does physical activity attenuate the association between birth weight and glycated hemoglobin in nondiabetic Japanese women?

Abstract Lower birth weight is associated with a risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. However, it is not clear whether this association is modified by physical activity. This study aimed to examine the association between birth weight and glycemic status and whether this association is mediated by moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity (MVPA) in Japanese women. The participants were 103 nondiabetic women (47.4 ± 10.8 years), who underwent health checkups in which data of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were collected. Abdominal circumference (AC) was measured at the umbilical region. Birth weight was obtained from the Maternal and Child Health Handbook records or reported based on the participant’s or his/her mother’s recall. Time (min/day) spent in MVPA (≥3.0 metabolic equivalents) was objectively measured using a triaxial accelerometer (Actimarker EW4800). Birth weight was inversely correlated with HbA1c (r = −0.32, P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that lower birth weight was associated with increased HbA1c (β = −0.22, P < 0.05) even after adjusting for age, state of menstruation, AC, and family history of diabetes. This association was little changed when MVPA was introduced as an independent variable in the model (β = −0.23, P < 0.05). These results suggest that lower birth weight may be associated with higher HbA1c levels before the onset of type 2 diabetes, irrespective of adulthood physical activity. Early-life development should be taken into account when considering the risk of diabetes in Japanese women, even if they are physically active.
Blind Modal Identification for Truss Structures Based on Reduced Measurements

The out-put only modal identification of aerospace structural systems has attracted much attention during recent years, as input excitations can be hardly measurable for in-flight environments. This paper presents a developed blind modal identification method considering incomplete measurements. Firstly, the sparse time-frequency features of modal responses are represented as the independent sources hidden in those of the system responses which have been mapped into a time-frequency blind source separation framework through Short-time Fourier transform; then these representations can be effectively extracted by the Independent-Component-Analysis algorithm. Hence the time-domain modal responses are recovered such that the modal parameters are readily obtained. Furthermore, a new genetic algorithm called NSGA-II is introduced and an optimized sensor placement technique is established, which promises to reduce sensor-installation cost in large-scale structures. The simulation results of a fivestorey truss Finite Element Model show that the proposed optimization method is efficient for finding better sensor layouts by selecting solutions from the pareto front. The laboratory experiments of the real five-storey truss also demonstrate the availability of the method by collecting dynamic responses from optimized accelerometers and conducting blind modal identification on the complex space truss structure.
Biomineralized Gd2O3@HSA Nanoparticles as a Versatile Platform for Dual‐Modal Imaging and Chemo‐Phototherapy‐Synergized Tumor Ablation

A great challenge still remains to explore the facile approaches to construct multifunctional nanoparticles for acquiring precise cancer theranostics. Herein, a biocompatible theranostic nanoplatform capable of simultaneous cancer imaging and therapy is attempted by loading of paclitaxel (PTX) and indocyanine green (ICG) molecules into the matrix of Gd2O3@human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles (PIGH NPs) via hydrophobic interaction. The subsequent in vitro investigations reveal that the PIGH NPs afford uniform particle size, sustained drug release profile, strong longitudinal relaxivity, potent photothermal effect, effective singlet oxygen generation, and ideal resistance to photobleaching. Moreover, the PIGH NPs achieve high cellular uptake, efficient cytoplasmic drug translocation based on singlet oxygen‐triggered endolysosomal disruption and prominent cytotoxicity effect against 4T1 cells under 808 nm near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation in contrast to PTX/ICG‐loaded HSA nanoparticles (PIH NPs) and free PTX/ICG. After intravenous injection, the PIGH NPs exhibit preferable tumor accumulation and achieve effective tumor ablation in 4T1 tumor bearing mouse model with excellent dual near‐infrared fluorescence/magnetic resonance (NIRF/MR) imaging guided synergistic chemo‐phototherapy. Hence, the PIGH NPs can be utilized as potential theranostic nanosystem for simultaneous cancer imaging and therapy.