Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual Willingness to Share Personal Health Information with Secondary Information Users in South Korea

ABSTRACT People’s privacy concerns about electronic health records (EHRs) have been widely discussed. Given that in principle, patients have the right to control their information in EHRs, the system will not reach its full potential without their support. Although human beings are generally inclined toward privacy, contextual differences play a role in individual decisions to disclose personal information. Likewise, patients exhibit different responses in terms of sharing their health information in diverse scenarios. Empirical work on patients’ attitudes towards the secondary use of their health information is scarce. This study aims to investigate individuals’ willingness to share their health information based on anonymity, information type (partial vs. whole), and the type of information user (health professionals, health researchers, health-related governmental agencies, and other governmental agencies). Furthermore, this study attempts to examine the effects of interaction between the three factors. A survey was conducted in South Korea, and the data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA. Despite the recent rapid diffusion of EHRs in South Korea, there is little discussion of patients’ privacy in society. The results show that, although anonymity and the user type have a significant effect on willingness to share health information, the information type has no significant effect. The results also indicate that the willingness to share was higher for health-related governmental agencies and health professionals than for other governmental agencies. The findings reveal that, although willingness to share anonymous information does not vary significantly, the willingness differs for identified information. The study contributes to research on patients’ privacy behavior by analyzing their comprehensive responses to health information-sharing investigations.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Evaluation of Pulmonary Transit Time and Blood Volume in Adult Congenital Heart disease

Management of adults with repaired congenital heart disease (CHD) is still challenging. Heart failure secondary to residual anatomical sequels or arrhythmic events is not rare in this population. MRI has emerged as an accurate tool to quantify pulmonary transit time (PTT) of intravenous contrast agents and pulmonary blood volume (PBV).
Identification of New Rabies Virus Variant in Mexican Immigrant

A novel rabies virus was identified after death in a man who had immigrated from Oaxaca, Mexico, to California, USA. Despite the patient’s history of exposure to domestic and wild carnivores, molecular and phylogenetic characterizations suggested that the virus originated from insectivorous bats. Enhanced surveillance is needed to elucidate likely reservoirs.
Effects of Endodontic Irrigants on Material and Surface Properties of Biocompatible Thermoplastics

Passive irrigation is an efficient method for a successful endodontic treatment. During sonic activation biocompatible polymer tips are used to activate irrigants. Compared to ultrasonic activation with metallic tips, polymer tips have the advantage of a reduced risk of fracture and minimise dentine damage. Hence, two polymers, polyether ether ketones (PEEK) and polyamide (PA6), were identified for the manufacturing of novel irrigation tips. The chemical resistance against the irrigants ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 20%, chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) 2% and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5.25% was analysed. Using microindentation, the change of hardness, elasticity, surface roughness and appearance of the polymers was determined. PA6 had a high absorption of irrigant compared to PEEK. PEEK was resistant to the investigated irrigants and showed no significant alteration of surface and mechanical properties, whereas PA6 slightly increased its hardness, elastic modulus and surface roughness during long-term exposure at 37 °C. However, PA6 tips seem to be a promising disposable product due to the material’s high deformability and low manufacturing costs. Particularly with regard to structural-dynamic properties and high chemical resistance, PEEK can be considered as a material for reusable irrigation tips.
Assessment of bladder cancer patients and carers use of internet, social media and quality of available patient centric online resources: A systematic review

Objective This systematic synthesis of literature aims to evaluate the use of internet as well as social media by bladder cancer (BCa) patients and their carers; alongside synthesising evidence on the quality of available online resources for bladder cancer patients. Methods Selected studies were published between January 2000 and September 2018, written in the English language and meeting the inclusion criteria. Data sources included PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus. Results Fifteen studies were included in the review. Four studies explored patterns of internet use among the bladder cancer patients, five studies investigated social media use related to bladder cancer and six studies evaluated quality of online resources available for bladder cancer patients. Evidence in all these three dimensions was limited in its rigour to establish if use of internet, social media and online resources for bladder cancer is effective in improving the care outcomes for patients with bladder cancer. Conclusion Our review emphasises the forgotten status of bladder cancer by establishing that despite its high global incidence it remains underrepresented in building evidence around patient information needs and possible role of online spaces. Our synthesis establishes that further research is needed to examine the full impact of online information and social media use on the health management of bladder cancer patients.
Impact of short-acting loop diuretic doses and cardiac sympathetic nerve abnormalities on outcomes of patients with reduced left ventricular function

Abstract Recent studies reported that high doses of short-acting loop diuretics are associated with poor outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). Short-acting loop diuretics have been shown to activate the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and have no favorable effects on cardiac sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between daily doses of furosemide and the outcomes of patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) from the viewpoint of cardiac SNS abnormalities using iodine-123-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (123l-MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy. We enrolled 137 hospitalized patients (62.5 ± 14.2 years old, 103 men) with LVEF < 45% who underwent 123l-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy. A delayed heart-to-mediastinum ratio (delayed HMR) was assessed using 123l-MIBG scintigraphy. Cardiac events were defined as cardiac death or re-hospitalization due to the deterioration of HF. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to identify predictors of cardiac events. Cardiac events occurred in 57 patients in a follow-up period of 33.1 ± 30 months. In a multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, delayed HMR and furosemide doses were identified as independent predictors of cardiac events (P = .0042, P = .033, respectively). Inverse probability of treatment weighting Cox modeling showed that the use of furosemide (≥40 mg /day) was associated with cardiac events with a hazard ratio of 1.96 (P = .003). In the Kaplan-Mayer analysis, the cardiac event-free survival rate was significantly lower in patients treated with high doses of furosemide (≥60 mg/day vs 40–60 mg/day vs <40 mg/day, the Log-rank test P < .0001). In a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the cut-off value for cardiac events was 40 mg/day of furosemide. The cardiac event-free rate was significantly lower in patients with delayed HMR <1.8 (median value) and receiving furosemide ≥40 mg/day than in other patients (the Log-rank test P < .0001). Significant differences in cardiac event rates according to furosemide doses among patients with delayed HMR <1.8 were observed among patients without &bgr;-blocker therapy (P = .001), but not among those with &bgr;-blocker therapy (P = .127). The present results indicate that a relationship exists between higher doses of furosemide and poor outcomes. The prognosis of HF patients with severe cardiac SNS abnormalities receiving high-dose short-acting loop diuretics is poor.
Characterization of an unusual DS-1-like G8P[8] rotavirus strain from Japan in 2017: Evolution of emerging DS-1-like G8P[8] strains through reassortment.

The emergence of unusual DS-1-like intergenogroup reassortant rotaviruses having the bovine-like G8 genotype (DS-1-like G8P[8] strains) has been reported from several Asian countries. During the rotavirus surveillance program in Japan in 2017, a DS-1-like G8P[8] strain (RVA/Human-wt/JPN/SO1162/2017/G8P[8]) was identified in 43 rotavirus-positive stool samples. Strain SO1162 was shown to have a unique genotype constellation including both genogroup 1 and 2 genes: G8-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the VP1 gene of strain SO1162 appeared to have originated from DS-1-like G1P[8] strains from Thailand and Vietnam, while the remaining 10 genes were closely related to those of the previously reported DS-1-like G8P[8] strains. Thus, strain SO1162 was suggested to be a reassortant that acquired the VP1 gene from Southeast Asian DS-1-like G1P[8] strains on the genetic background of co-circulating DS-1-like G8P[8] strains. Our findings will provide important insights into the evolutionary dynamics of emerging DS-1-like G8P[8] strains.
Metabolomics and Communication Skills Development in Children; Evidence from the Ages and Stages Questionnaire

We hypothesized metabolomic profiling could be utilized to identify children who scored poorly on the communication component of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ); which assesses development in childhood, and to provide candidate biomarkers for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In a population of three-year-old children, 15 plasma metabolites, were significantly (p < 0.05) different between children who were categorized as having communication skills that were “on schedule” (n = 365 (90.6%)) as compared to those “requiring further monitoring/evaluation” (n = 38 (9.4%)) according to multivariable regression models. Five of these metabolites, including three endocannabinoids, were also dysregulated at age one (n = 204 “on schedule”, n = 24 “further monitoring/evaluation”) in the same children. Stool metabolomic profiling identified 11 significant metabolites. Both the plasma and stool results implicated a role for tryptophan and tyrosine metabolism; in particular, higher levels of N-formylanthranilic acid were associated with an improved communication score in both biosample types. A model based on the significant plasma metabolites demonstrated high sensitivity (88.9%) and specificity (84.5%) for the prediction of autism by age 8. These results provide evidence that ASQ communication score and metabolomic profiling of plasma and/or stool may provide alternative approaches for early diagnosis of ASD, as well as insights into the pathobiology of these conditions.
Stop crying! The impact of situational demands on interpersonal emotion regulation

ABSTRACT Crying is a common response to emotional distress that elicits support from the environment. People may regulate another’s crying in several ways, such as by providing socio-affective support (e.g. comforting) or cognitive support (e.g. reappraisal), or by trying to emotionally disengage the other by suppression or distraction. We examined whether people adapt their interpersonal emotion regulation strategies to the situational context, by manipulating the regulatory demand of the situation in which someone is crying. Participants watched a video of a crying man and provided support by recording a video message. We hypothesised that when immediate down-regulation was required (i.e. high regulatory demand), participants would provide lower levels of socio-affective and cognitive support, and instead distract the crying person or encourage them to suppress their emotions, compared to when there is no such urgency (i.e. low regulatory demand). As predicted, both self-reported and behavioural responses indicated that high (as compared to low) regulatory demand led to a reduction in socio-affective support provision, and a strong increase in suppression and distraction. Cognitive support provision, however, was unaffected by regulatory demand. When the context required more immediate down-regulation, participants thus employed more regulation strategies aimed at disengaging from the emotional experience. This study provides a first step in showing that people take the context into account when attempting to regulate others’ emotions.
Systemic review and network meta‐analysis comparing minimal surgical techniques for rectal cancer: quality of total mesorectum excision, pathological, surgical, and oncological outcomes

Minimal invasive surgery has revolutionized recovery in rectal cancer patients. However, there has been debate on its effect on quality of total mesorectal excision (TME) and oncological outcomes. This network meta‐analysis compares laparoscopic, robotic‐assisted, and transanal TMEs. This study shows that All three surgical techniques are comparable across TME quality and oncological outcomes. Ultimately, good outcomes are based on each individual surgeon choosing an approach based on their expertise.
Overview of transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure in preterm infants

Clinically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has been associated with significant morbidity in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Current management of ELBW infants with hemodynamically significant PDA includes supportive treatment, pharmacological therapy, and surgical ligation. All of these therapeutic options have their advantages and limitations. More recently, transcatheter PDA closure has been described as a viable option in this population. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of this emerging procedure.
Inhibition of Sphingosine Phosphate Receptor 1 Signaling Enhances the Efficacy of VEGF Receptor Inhibition

Inhibition of VEGFR signaling is an effective treatment for renal cell carcinoma, but resistance continues to be a major problem. Recently, the sphingosine phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway has been implicated in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. S1P is a bioactive lipid that serves an essential role in developmental and pathologic angiogenesis via activation of the S1P receptor 1 (S1P1). S1P1 signaling counteracts VEGF signaling and is required for vascular stabilization. We used in vivo and in vitro angiogenesis models including a postnatal retinal angiogenesis model and a renal cell carcinoma murine tumor model to test whether simultaneous inhibition of S1P1 and VEGF leads to improved angiogenic inhibition. Here, we show that inhibition of S1P signaling reduces the endothelial cell barrier and leads to excessive angiogenic sprouting. Simultaneous inhibition of S1P and VEGF signaling further disrupts the tumor vascular beds, decreases tumor volume, and increases tumor cell death compared with monotherapies. These studies suggest that inhibition of angiogenesis at two stages of the multistep process may maximize the effects of antiangiogenic therapy. Together, these data suggest that combination of S1P1 and VEGFR-targeted therapy may be a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other tumor types.
Effects of Clinical Decision Topic on Patients' Involvement in and Satisfaction With Decisions and Their Subsequent Implementation.

OBJECTIVE Clinical decision making is an important aspect of mental health care. Predictors of how patients experience decision making and whether decisions are implemented are underresearched. This study investigated the relationship between decision topic and involvement in the decision, satisfaction with it, and its subsequent implementation from both staff and patient perspectives. METHODS As part of the Clinical Decision Making and Outcome in Routine Care for People With Severe Mental Illness study, patients (N=588) and their providers (N=213) were recruited from community-based mental health services in six European countries. Both completed bimonthly assessments for one year using the Clinical Decision Making in Routine Care Scale to assess the decision topic and implementation; both also completed the Clinical Decision Making Involvement and Satisfaction Scale. RESULTS Three categories of decision topics were determined: treatment (most frequently cited), social, and financial. The topic identified as most important remained stable over the follow-up. Patients were more likely to rate their involvement as active rather than passive for social decisions (odds ratio [OR]=5.7, p<.001) and financial decisions (OR=9.5, p<.001). They were more likely to report higher levels of satisfaction rather than lower levels for social decisions (OR=1.5, p=.01) and financial decisions (OR=1.7, p=.01). Social decisions were more likely to be partly implemented (OR=3.0, p<.001) or fully implemented (OR=1.7, p=.03) than not implemented. CONCLUSIONS Patients reported poorer involvement, satisfaction, and implementation in regard to treatment-related decisions, compared with social and financial decisions. Clinicians may need to employ different interactional styles for different types of decisions to maximize satisfaction and decision implementation.
Model‐based hypervolumes for complex ecological data

Abstract Developing a holistic understanding of the ecosystem impacts of global change requires methods that can quantify the interactions among multiple response variables. One approach is to generate high dimensional spaces, or hypervolumes, to answer ecological questions in a multivariate context. A range of statistical methods has been applied to construct hypervolumes but have not yet been applied in the context of ecological data sets with spatial or temporal structure, for example, where the data are nested or demonstrate temporal autocorrelation. We outline an approach to account for data structure in quantifying hypervolumes based on the multivariate normal distribution by including random effects. Using simulated data, we show that failing to account for structure in data can lead to biased estimates of hypervolume properties in certain contexts. We then illustrate the utility of these “model‐based hypervolumes” in providing new insights into a case study of afforestation effects on ecosystem properties where the data has a nested structure. We demonstrate that the model‐based generalization allows hypervolumes to be applied to a wide range of ecological data sets and questions.
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and Kidney Transplantation: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

Background: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) can be triggered by Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection or it can be defined as atypical HUS (aHUS) if it is related to uncontrolled complement activation. aHUS is characterized by a high incidence of recurrence after kidney transplantation, and it can also occur de novo in transplant recipients. Eculizumab is used both to prevent and to treat aHUS following kidney transplantation. In this paper, we report our centre experience and we present 4 cases of HUS in patients who underwent kidney transplantation. Methods: This is a single-center experience about HUS development in transplanted patients. Results: Patient 1 with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to STEC-HUS undergoing kidney transplantation without prophylactic therapy with eculizumab. Patient 2 with HUS secondary to an episode of diarrhea at 8 years old. After a slow progression to ESRD, she underwent kidney transplantation and she received prophylactic therapy with eculizumab due to the presence of anti-complement factor H antibodies. Patient 3 underwent pre-emptive living donor ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation and developed HUS secondary to antibody-mediated rejection. Patient 4 developed de novo HUS 16 years after kidney transplantation without a known cause. Conclusion: The correct diagnosis of HUS and the identification of the complement component alterations in case of aHUS are important parameters required to predict the risk of post-transplant recurrence of the disease. In the cases we reported, eculizumab has been found to be effective both to prevent and to treat aHUS following kidney transplantation.
Mollicutes antibiotic resistance profile and presence of genital abnormalities in couples attending an infertility clinic

Objective The present study aimed to identify Mollicutes infection in the reproductive system. We also examined the microbiological, biochemical, and antimicrobial profiles of Mollicutes infection, which are potentially associated with clinical reproductive abnormalities causing infertility in couples. Methods Thirty-seven couples who were attending an infertility clinic were enrolled. Detection of genital mycoplasmas was performed in cervicovaginal samples or male urethral swabs. Microbiological culture and biochemical and antimicrobial profiles were characterized using a Mycoplasma kit. The results were associated with reproductive abnormalities, as assessed by medical specialists from the infertility clinic. Results Up to 28.3% of all biological samples (n = 74) showed positive cultures. Bacterial isolates were Ureaplasma urealyticum (71.4%), Mycoplasma hominis (9.5%), or coinfections (19%). Most Mollicutes showed significant resistance to fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracycline; and showed susceptibility to doxycycline, josamycin, and pristinamycin. The presence of resistant strains to any antibiotic was significantly associated with genital abnormalities (χ2 test, relative risk = 11.38 [95% confidence interval: 5.8–22.9]), particularly in women. The highest statistical association was found for macrolide-resistant strains. Conclusion The microbiological antibiotic resistance profile is epidemiologically associated with abnormalities of the reproductive system in couples attending an infertility clinic.
War is not healthy. Political violence and infant health outcomes in Colombia.

OBJECTIVES To establish and quantify the effect of the internal armed conflict in Colombia on infant health, particularly birth weight. METHODS This document explores time differences in relation to the impact of the internal armed conflict in Colombia, measured by municipal homicide rates, on infant health, quantified as infant mortality and birth weight. Based on individual data from the 1995 and 2000 Colombian National Demographic and Health Surveys, along with annual municipal data on violence and economic performance, results obtained from two biological siblings are compared using a maternal fixed logistic regression, as one was born in a violent era and the other during a peaceful moment. RESULTS Political violence negatively affected infant health outcomes during the peak of violence experienced by Colombia in the 1990s, with worse outcomes for male infants than for females. Controlling fixed maternal effects shows a three times greater probability of being born with low birth in infants born during increased violence, compared to their siblings born in more peaceful times. CONCLUSIONS These results make visible all the effects of intense and long-lasting armed conflicts, as is the case of Colombia, since not only direct actors involved in conflict are affected, but also infants who show worse health outcomes. These results allows targeting policies for reducing the effects on populations in conflict or during the reconstruction period; in this case, the provision of maternal care during the gestational period and special care for newborns in areas under high violence levels should be a priority.