Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A SINGLE HPLC-DAD METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF PARACETAMOL, PHENYLEPHRINE, CAFFEINE AND LEVOCETIRIZINE IN BULK POWDER AND TABLET FORMULATION: APPLICATION TO IN-VITRO DISSOLUTION STUDIES

ABSTRACT Present work describes development and validation of HPLC–DAD method for the analysis of a complex mixture consisting phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHE), paracetamol (PAR), caffeine (CAF) and levocetirizine (LEV). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Kinetex-C18 column involving gradient elution, the mobile phase composed of 10mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.3) and methanol. The three step gradient program started with step-1 initially with 2% (by volume) methanol and 98 % phosphate buffer (pH 3.3) for first 5 minutes. In step-2 methanol concentration changed linearly to 80% in next 12 minutes the analysis was concluded by step-3 changing methanol to 2% in next 8 minutes. The method was linear in concentration ranges of 50 to 200 % of labeled claims with r 2 near to 1. Developed method proved to be precise for inter and intra-day studies the %RSD values were < 2 , accuracy studies by standard addition at 80, 100 and 120% levels resulted in recoveries of standard near to 100%. The method was selective with no interferences from placebo; robustness of method was proved by no significant alteration in system suitability parameters. The LOD values for PHE, PAR, CAF and LEV were 0.13, 0.51, 0.05 and 0.05 and LOQ were 0.39, 1.53, 0.15 and 0.15 respectively. The study concluded a validated HPLC method for analysis of complex mixture consisting PHE, PAR, CAF and LEV in bulk, tablet and dissolution samples in simulated gastric fluid (SGF).
Cement-rock interaction: Infiltration of a high-pH solution into a fractured granite core

Within the framework of the HPF project (Hyperalkaline Plume in Fractured Rock) at the Grimsel Test Site (Switzerland), a small scale core infiltration experiment was performed at the University of Bern. A high-pH solution was continuously injected, under a constant pressure gradient, into a cylindrical core of granite containing a fracture. This high-pH solution was a synthetic version of solutions characteristic of early stages in the degradation of cement. The interaction between the rock and the solutions was reflected by significant changes in the composition of the injected solution, despite the negligible pH-buffering capacity, and a decrease in the permeability of the rock. Changes in the mineralogy and porosity of the fault gouge filling the fracture were only minor. Within the new LCS (Long-Term Cement Studies) project at Grimsel, new one-dimensional reactive transport modeling using CrunchFlow has been used to improve the interpretation of the experimental results. Dispersive and advective solute transport, adsorption processes and mineral reaction kinetics have been taken into account. The evolution of solution composition is mainly controlled by dissolution/precipitation reactions. Adsorption processes (cation exchange, surface complexation) only play a role in the very early stages of the experiment.
Performance Comparison Of Beamforming And Multiplexing Techniques Using Smart Antenna Array

Meeting the demands that are expected from future wireless generation networks poses intriguing challenges for today's wireless system designers. The demand for higher data rate and better quality of service (QoS) in wireless communications continue to grow rapidly in current world global community. Obtaining these requirements becomes challenging for wireless communication systems due to the problems of channel fading, higher power and bandwidth limitations. One of the most promising solutions to this problem is the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system. This paper compared the performance of spatial multiplexing MIMO scheme with beamforming at a data rate of 100Mb/s. The proposed wireless system was developed with smart antenna arrays at both the transmitter and receiver. The results obtained show that spatial multiplexing technique produced better spectral efficiency than beamforming. The BER performance of beamforming technique outperforms that of spatial multiplexing technique even when enhanced by V-BLAST algorithm under the same simulation environment. The proposed system outperforms the conventional MIMO.
CORPORATE OWNERSHIP AND INTERNATIONALIZATION: THE EFFECTS OF FAMILY, BANK AND INSTITUTIONAL INVESTOR OWNERSHIP IN THE UK AND IN CONTINENTAL EUROPE

While the role of corporate governance has been increasingly analysed during recent years, it is only very recently that the effects of corporate governance features on firm international strategies have been also considered. Using the Osiris database by Bureau van Djik we consider the potential role played by different kind of shareholders among the determinants of firm international level, distinguishing between the firms quoted in the UK from those listed in countries of Continental Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain). Overall our results confirm that different kind of ownerships affect with different degree of intensity the overall level of firm’sinternationalization. First, we find that ownership matter. Second, our results show that theeffects of ownership over firm’s international strategies depend also on the context of analysis.
Free Amino Acids Glycine and Glutamic Acid Inhibit Angiogenesis Induced by AGE in Bovine Retinal Endothelial Cells

Previous studies from our lab have shown that amino acids act as antiglycating agents and can be beneficial in diabetes mellitus. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can induce microvascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy that results in neovascularization in the retina. This study explored the effect of amino acids Glycine and Glutamic acid ( 0.5–2.5 mM) in mitigating the AGE (100 μg/ml) induced angiogenic effects in primary bovine retinal endothelial cells (BREC) cultured in vitro. Tube formation induced by AGE in the BREC cells were reduced by glycine and glutamic acid (p=0.05, p=0.008). Transwell migration assay revealed signficant inhibition of migration by glycine. Expression of actin cytoskelatal filaments that promotes migration was reduced predominantly by glycine than glutamic acid as seen by immuofluorescence. Leukocyte adhesion promoted by AGE treatment was reduced significantly by glycine (p=0.03) and glutamic acid (p=0.02). The mechanism was delineated in terms of AGE-RAGE/VEGF axis. The receptor for AGE (RAGE) and the VEGF expression was found to be decreased both at protein level and at mRNA level by glycine and glutamic acid treatment. mRNA expression of RAGE by qPCR revealed a maximal decrease of 60% by glycine at 2.5 mM but by glutamic acid at 0.5 mM and VEGF mRNA level showed maximal inhibition by glutamic acid at 2.5 mM. Western blot analysis showed that VEGF expression was predominantly reduced by glycine. This is the A¯Â¬Ârst study showing the anti angiogenic potential of the amino acids in an in vitro model of primary bovine retinal endothelial cell implying therapeutic potential in the management of diabetic retinopathy.
Comparative measurements of carbon dioxide fluxes from two nearby towers in a central Amazonian rainforest: the Manaus LBA site

[1] Forests around Manaus have staged the oldest and the longest forest-atmosphere CO2 exchange studies made anywhere in the Amazon. Since July 1999 the exchange of CO2, water, and energy, as well as weather variables, have been measured almost continuously over two forests, 11 km apart, in the Cuieiras reserve near Manaus, Brazil. This paper presents the sites and climatology of the region based upon the new data sets. The landscape consists of plateaus dissected by often waterlogged valleys, and the two sites differ in terms of the relative areas of those two landscape components represented in the tower footprints. The radiation and wind climate was similar to both towers. Generally, both the long-wave and short-wave radiation input was less in the wet than in the dry season. The energy balance closure was imperfect (on average 80%) in both towers, with little variation in energy partitioning between the wet and dry seasons; likely a result of anomalously high rainfall in the 1999 dry season. Fluxes of CO2 also showed little seasonal variation except for a slightly shorter daytime uptake duration and somewhat lower respiratory fluxes in the dry season. The net effect is one of lower daily net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in the dry season. The tower, which has less waterlogged valley areas in its footprint, measured a higher overall CO2 uptake rate. We found that on first sight, NEE is underestimated during calm nights, as was observed in many other tower sites before. However, a closer inspection of the diurnal variation of CO2 storage fluxes and NEE suggests that at least part of the nighttime deficits is recovered from either lateral influx of CO2 from valleys or outgassing of soil storage. Therefore there is a high uncertainty in the magnitude of nocturnal NEE, and consequently preliminary estimates of annual carbon uptake reflecting this range from 1 to 8 T ha−1 y−1, with an even higher upper range for the less waterlogged area. The high uptake rates are clearly unsustainable and call for further investigations into the integral carbon balance of Amazon landscapes.
Mean reversion of inflation rates in 19 OECD countries: Evidence from panel Lm unit root tests with structural breaks

The paper applies the recently developed panel LM unit root tests with heterogeneous structural breaks by Im et al., [The Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2005] in order to re-examine the validity of mean reversion in the inflation rates of 19 OECD countries for the time period 1960-2004. Our empirical findings are favorable to the stationarity of the inflation ratesand therefore point to the absence of hyperinflation in the majority of the countries. The results indicate that most shocks to inflation rates are temporary and soon converge when we control for breaks, with the inflation rates showing mean reversion. Overall, some policy implications are obtained in this paper.
Influence of unintended pregnancy on breastfeeding duration

Objective: Determine the prevalence of an unplanned pregnancy among mothers participating in the breastfeeding incentive program in a poor community and compare the breastfeeding durations of both a planned and unplanned pregnancy. Method: It was an exploratory, descriptive, retrospective documentary, and quantitative study. A sample of 202 records were integrated (N = 202). Results: Sociodemographic data revealed a mean age of 24.68 years (DP ± 6.07), 153 (75.74%) with a partner, with 103 (50.99%) ≥ 8 years of formal education, 168 (83.16%) were homemakers with an average family income of R$ 971.82 (DP ± 63.12). It was identified that, although 95 (47.03%) were primiparous, 197(97.52%) had received prenatal care and 103 (50%) had not planned their pregnancy. The average time of breastfeeding was 110.92 days, and the median was 112 days. In comparing the time difference between mothers with a planned and unplanned pregnancy the t-Student test was used and no statistically significant difference was observed (p = 0.346). Conclusion: Planned or unplanned pregnancy had no influence over the breastfeeding of these mothers.
Impact of supervisory board members' professional background on banks' risk-taking

This paper examines the impact of financial expertise of supervisory board members on the risk-return profile of 200 German regional cooperative banks during the period 2004–2009. The results show that with more financial expertise the bank performance does not improve, but bank risk increases. These findings induce concerns that mandating financial expertise on boards is not necessarily beneficial for the risk-return profile of regional banks. We suggest that overconfidence of entrepreneurs in the supervisory boards leads to this unfavorable development since they represent the largest fraction of professionals within the sample.
Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling for Wireless Network-on-Chip

Previously, research and design of Network-on-Chip (NoC) paradigms where mainly focused on improving the performance of the interconnection networks. With emerging wide range of low-power applications and energy constrained high-performance applications, it is highly desirable to have NoCs that are highly energy efficient without incurring performance penalty. In the design of high-performance massive multi-core chips, power and heat have become dominant constrains. Increased power consumption can raise chip temperature, which in turn can decrease chip reliability and performance and increase cooling costs. It was proven that Small-world Wireless Network-on-Chip (SWNoC) architecture which replaces multi-hop wire-line path in a NoC by high-bandwidth single hop long range wireless links, reduces the overall energy dissipation when compared to wire-line mesh-based NoC architecture. However, the overall energy dissipation of the wireless NoC is still dominated by wire-line links and switches (buffers). Dynamic Voltage Scaling is an efficient technique for significant power savings in microprocessors. It has been proposed and deployed in modern microprocessors by exploiting the variance in processor utilization. On a Network-on-Chip paradigm, it is more likely that the wire-line links and buffers are not always fully utilized even for different applications. Hence, by exploiting these characteristics of the links and buffers over different traffic, DVFS technique can be incorporated on these switches and wire-line links for huge power savings. In this thesis, a history based DVFS mechanism is proposed. This mechanism uses the past utilization of the wire-line links & buffers to predict the future traffic and accordingly tune the voltage and frequency for the links and buffers dynamically for each time window. This mechanism dynamically minimizes the power consumption while substantially maintaining a high performance over the system. Performance analysis on these DVFS enabled Wireless NoC shows that, the overall energy dissipation is improved by around 40% when compared Small-world Wireless NoCs.
Taxation and Economic Growth

The development of endogenous growth theory has opened an avenue through which the effects of taxation on economic growth can be explored. Explicit modelling of the individual decisions that contribute to growth allows the analysis of tax incidence and the prediction of growth effects. This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical evidence to assess whether a consensus arises as to how taxation affects the rate of economic growth. It is shown that the theoretical models isolate a number of channels through which taxation can affect growth and that these effects may be very substantial. Although empirical tests of the growth effect face unresolved difficulties, the empirical evidence points very strongly to the conclusion that the tax effect is very weak.
HYDROSTATIC CONSOLIDATION TESTS OF UNDEFORMED , CLAY-RICH SAMPLES FROM THE BARBADOS ACCRETIONARY PRISM , LEG 1561

Geomechanical tests of three well-characterized, clay-rich, macroscopically undeformed samples document the loading history and permeability of two late Miocene samples above the décollement zone and a late Oligocene sample below the ment zone of the Barbados accretionary prism. These samples are similar in all aspects studied. About two-thirds sample is clay, of which most is mixed-layer illite/smectite. Permeabilities are low, ranging from 5 × 10–18 to 1 × 10–19/m2. All samples are underconsolidated and may have been overpressured since shortly after deposition, especially the late Miocene sample near the deformation front (Site 949). Alternatively, the apparent low consolidation state may arise from disruption of grain contacts by early deformation in the accretionary prism, thereby erasing any earlier stress history.
NTNU Cyborg - Teaching the Cyborg to recognize humans

Background Several types of depth cameras exist, utilizing different principles. The camera on the cyborg, a Stereolabs ZED, uses the embedded stereo method which is mechanically simple but computationally expensive. It is connected to a NVidia Jetson TX1 development board, which works well but somewhat limits performance. There also exists several function on the cyborg which should be taken into account when creating new algorithms. Method Two separate methods of human recognition are presented, and some work is done in implementing the selected method. Some practical preparations were also necessary, as system requirements are found and relevant functionality of the Stereolabs Software Development Kit (SDK) is learned. Results The randomized decision forest method was deemed as currently not being usable, in spite of several advantages. The drawbacks are too noticeable, and so the region growing and Support Vector Machine (SVM) method is deemed preferable. While a basis for further work is made, implementation of the method is not finished. Conclusion This thesis presents interesting methods for human recognition, as well as an overview of practical tasks that needed to be completed to facilitate implementation of the chosen method. Both methods are interesting, but the region growing and SVM method is deemed preferable.
Comparative Study between using of Biomass and Extract of Trichoderma Viride to Inducing Anticancer (TIA) Vincristine Production from Catharanthus Roseus in Vitro

This experiment was conducted in college of Agriculture , Al-Qasem Green university in 2015 ,to study the different of effects between using Trichoderma viride as biomass and as extract to induce the production of anticancer vincristine in vitro using MS medium supplemente with (2,4-D) and (BA) in (1+1) mg /L concentration to induce callus production then inoculated the callus directly with biomass of T.viride by single spore . In first method and adding extract of T.viride to the MS medium in the second method . The study include quantity and quality determination of vincristine by HPLC technique . Results revealed that the highest values was for the using of T.viride as biomass which gave(25.120)µg/g vincristine and the lowest value was for T.viride as extract which gave(15.346)µg/g vincristine . also results explained that adding of T.viride as biomass and the extract cause decrease in the fresh and dry weight of callus inducing from leaves of C.roseus and the highest decrease was to biomass method (200, 0.019) mg followed by extractmethod(340,0.031)mgrespectively. Keywords: Trichoderma viride in vitro, vincristine extract.
A Novel Printed Helical Antenna for a Circularly Polarized Tilted Beam

A new printed helical antenna (PHA) for a circularly polarized (CP) titled beam is proposed. With the introduction of a multiple sections technique into the PHA's helical arm, the antenna radiates a CP titled beam. To feed the antenna, a matching network composed of a 50 Ω microstrip transmission line and two symmetrical λ0/8 open stubs is designed. The simulated and measured results show that the PHA radiates a CP tilted beam with a maximum radiation direction of (θmax, ϕmax )=( 32 ◦ , 135 ◦ ) at f0 =2 . 11 GHz. The measured bandwidth with a reflection coefficient lower than −10 dB is 11.8% (1.99-2.24 GHz), and the experimental results for the radiation pattern, gain, and axial ratio (AR) are also presented.
Silage production and the chemical composition of corn and Grass-tanzania intercropping

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and chemical composition of silages of grass Tanzania and corn, grown single or intercropping. The experiment was conducted at UTFPR Câmpus Dois Vizinhos in the period between October 2011 and July 2012, a 600 m² area. The treatments were: TMI - single corn, TMT - corn and grass Tanzania consortium at the time of sowing, TT - Tanzania grass single, TT32 - grass Tanzania silage to 32% dry matter (content similar to that of corn). The experimental design a randomized block design with four treatments and five replications. Agronomic evaluations were performed 120 days after planting, as follows: number of linear-1 plants metro, plant height and ear insertion and number of ears.plants-1. In the grass we evaluated canopy height, where it was held the botanical separation in green leaves, dried and stem. Silage started being held in 100 mm PVC pipe (mini-silos) kept sealed for 60 days. At the time of opening of the silo were determined the following parameters: DM, pH, total loss of DM (PDM), specifies mass (SM), dry matter recovery indices (IRDM), losses gas (LG), and size particle. Chemical analysis of the results of OM, MM, ADF were higher for TMI treatments, TT and TT, respectively. CP and LIG had superior results for the treatments containing grass. Corn intercropping with grass Tanzania silage provides more crude protein and lignin compared to exclusive corn silage without damaging the crop yield. Silage maiden Tanzania has higher levels of ADF and crude protein as well as increased production of dry matter than corn silage. The grass Tanzania should be harvested with 30% DM as presented better pH values, higher dry matter recovery rate, less loss of gas as well as increased production of dry matter that Tanzania harvested at the same age corn.
Well-posed and ill-posed behaviour of the ${\it\mu}(I)$ -rheology for granular flow

In light of the successes of the Navier–Stokes equations in the study of fluid flows, similar continuum treatment of granular materials is a long-standing ambition. This is due to their wide-ranging applications in the pharmaceutical and engineering industries as well as to geophysical phenomena such as avalanches and landslides. Historically this has been attempted through modification of the dissipation terms in the momentum balance equations, effectively introducing pressure and strain-rate dependence into the viscosity. Originally, a popular model for this granular viscosity, the Coulomb rheology, proposed rate-independent plastic behaviour scaled by a constant friction coefficient ${\it\mu}$ . Unfortunately, the resultant equations are always ill-posed. Mathematically ill-posed problems suffer from unbounded growth of short-wavelength perturbations, which necessarily leads to grid-dependent numerical results that do not converge as the spatial resolution is enhanced. This is unrealistic as all physical systems are subject to noise and do not blow up catastrophically. It is therefore vital to seek well-posed equations to make realistic predictions. The recent ${\it\mu}(I)$ -rheology is a major step forward, which allows granular flows in chutes and shear cells to be predicted. This is achieved by introducing a dependence on the non-dimensional inertial number $I$ in the friction coefficient ${\it\mu}$ . In this paper it is shown that the ${\it\mu}(I)$ -rheology is well-posed for intermediate values of $I$ , but that it is ill-posed for both high and low inertial numbers. This result is not obvious from casual inspection of the equations, and suggests that additional physics, such as enduring force chains and binary collisions, becomes important in these limits. The theoretical results are validated numerically using two implicit schemes for non-Newtonian flows. In particular, it is shown explicitly that at a given resolution a standard numerical scheme used to compute steady-uniform Bagnold flow is stable in the well-posed region of parameter space, but is unstable to small perturbations, which grow exponentially quickly, in the ill-posed domain.