Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Pada SMP Negeri 14 Medan

Perpustakaan merupakan sebuah institusi yang menyediakan koleksi bahan pustaka tertulis, tercetak dan terekam sebagai pusat informasi yang diatur menurut sistem aturan dan didayagunakan untuk keperluan pendidikan, penelitian serta rekreasi intelektual bagi masyarakat. Keberadaan perpustakaan sebagai pusat informasi merupakan suatu hal yang mutlak bagi sebuah institusi pendidikan, karena disinilah semua bahan-bahan keilmuan terkumpul sehingga dapat dengan mudah dipelajari, dikembangkan dan dosebarluakan. Permasalahan pada perpustakaan SMP Negeri 14 Medan ini adalah masih terdapat kendala pada proses peminjaman dan pengembalian buku. Ada kalanya ketika siswa membutuhkan satu referensi baik itu buku atau yang lainnya kita tidak bisa menemukannya karena sedang dipinjam. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini akan dibangun sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web, sehingga informasi tentang koleksi perpustakaan dapat diketahui secara jelas dan terperinci. Aplikasi perpustakaan ini dibangun dengan beberapa tahapan sesuai dengan SDLC (software Development Life Cycle) yang teridiri dari beberapa tahapan yaitu requirement, analysis, design, contruction, testing dan deployment. Aplikasi ini dibangun dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP dengan menggunakan database MySQL. Berdasarkan konsep perancangan sistem tersebut, dapat disimpulkan tujuan dibangunnya “Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Pada SMP Negeri 14 Medan” adalah untuk dapat mempermudah petugas mengolah data peminjaman, pengembalian buku dan juga dalam pembuatan laporan. Dan harapan penulis dengan sistem yang penulis rancang dapat tercapai sistem perpustakaan yang tepat dan akurat, sehingga dapat mengatasi masalah-masalah yang ada pada sistem sebelumnya.
Development, validation and utilisation of dish-based dietary assessment tools: a scoping review

Abstract Objective: To summarise the existing evidence of development, validation and current status of utilisation of dish-based dietary assessment tools. Design: Scoping review. Setting: Systematic search using PubMed and Web of Science. Results: We identified twelve tools from seventy-four eligible publications. They were developed for Koreans (n 4), Bangladeshis (n 2), Iranians (n 1), Indians/Malays/Chinese (n 1), Japanese (n 3) and Chinese Americans (n 1). Most tools (10/12) were composed of a dish-based FFQ. Although the development process of a dish list varied among the tools, six studies classified mixed dishes based on the similarity of their characteristics such as food ingredients and cooking methods. Tools were validated against self-reported dietary information (n 9) and concentration biomarkers (n 1). In the eight studies assessing the differences between the tool and a reference, the mean (or median) intake of energy significantly differed in five studies, and 26–83 % of nutrients significantly differed in eight studies. Correlation coefficients for energy ranged from 0·15 to 0·87 across the thirteen studies, and the median correlation coefficients for nutrients ranged from 0·12 to 0·77. Dish-based dietary assessment tools were used in fifty-nine studies mainly to assess diet–disease relationships in target populations. Conclusions: Dish-based dietary assessment tools have exclusively been developed and used for Asian-origin populations. Further validation studies, particularly biomarker-based studies, are needed to assess the applicability of tools.
Patterns of Feeding by Householders Affect Activity of Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) during the Hibernation Period

Simple Summary Urban areas are thought to represent a stronghold habitat for the West European hedgehog population in the UK. However, little is known about hibernation patterns in residential areas and if overwinter activity is influenced by any ”urban-associated” factors. We monitored hedgehog activity in gardens during the winter hibernation period of 2017–2018 using weekly presence/absence surveys. Hedgehogs were more likely to be present in gardens where householders had provided food in previous seasons or where food was supplied more regularly in a given season. Such relationships could have positive or negative effects on the survival or condition of hedgehogs across the hibernation period. Consequently, further research is needed to identify the effects of supplementary feeding on hibernation biology to help inform conservation guidelines for householders. Abstract West European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are likely to encounter unusual ecological features in urban habitats, such as anthropogenic food sources and artificial refugia. Quantifying how these affect hedgehog behaviour is vital for informing conservation guidelines for householders. We monitored hedgehog presence/absence in gardens in the town of Reading, UK, over the winter of 2017–2018 using a volunteer-based footprint tunnel survey, and collected data on garden characteristics, supplementary feeding (SF) habits, and local environmental conditions. Over a 20-week survey period, hedgehog presence was lowest between January and March. Occupancy analysis indicated that SF significantly affected hedgehog presence/absence before, during, and after hibernation. The number of nesting opportunities available in gardens, average temperatures, and daylength were also supported as important factors at different stages. In particular, our results suggest that SF could act to increase levels of activity during the winter when hedgehogs should be hibernating. Stimulating increased activity at this sensitive time could push hedgehogs into a net energy deficit or, conversely, help some individuals survive which might not otherwise do so. Therefore, further research is necessary to determine whether patterns of feeding by householders have a positive or negative effect on hedgehog populations during the hibernation period.
Uncovering the Exosomes Diversity: A Window of Opportunity for Tumor Progression Monitoring

Cells can communicate through special “messages in the bottle”, which are recorded in the bloodstream inside vesicles, namely exosomes. The exosomes are nanovesicles of 30–100 nm in diameter that carry functionally active biological material, such as proteins, messanger RNA (mRNAs), and micro RNA (miRNAs). Therefore, they are able to transfer specific signals from a parental cell of origin to the surrounding cells in the microenvironment and to distant organs through the circulatory and lymphatic stream. More and more interest is rising for the pathological role of exosomes produced by cancer cells and for their potential use in tumor monitoring and patient follow up. In particular, the exosomes could be an appropriate index of proliferation and cancer cell communication for monitoring the minimal residual disease, which cannot be easily detectable by common diagnostic and monitoring techniques. The lack of unequivocal markers for tumor-derived exosomes calls for new strategies for exosomes profile characterization aimed at the adoption of exosomes as an official tumor biomarker for tumor progression monitoring.
Gender-norms, violence and adolescence: Exploring how gender norms are associated with experiences of childhood violence among young adolescents in Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Adolescence is a time of particular risk for violence perpetrated by parents, teachers, peers and intimate partners. Social norms that condone violent discipline, promote masculinities focused on violence, and support gender inequality play an important role in perpetuating violence. However, little is known about the relationship between inequitable gender norms and children’s experiences of violence from parents or other adults in the household. Utilising data from the Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE) study, this paper explores how adolescent and household attitudes and community-level gender norms influence experiences of violence among young adolescents (aged 10–12) in Ethiopia. Our results show that community norms, rather than adolescent and household attitudes, are significantly associated with experiences of household violence. This result holds for boys and girls, and in rural areas. In urban areas, however, adolescent attitudes were more influential than community norms, perhaps indicating less cohesive communities. Overall, these findings suggest that violence prevention programming should prioritise shifting community norms, particularly in rural areas, in order to promote adolescent girls’ and boys’ right to bodily integrity.
Drug Court Services for Female Offenders, 1996-1999: Evaluation of the Brooklyn Treatment Court: (720992011-001)

The Brooklyn Treatment Court (BTC) began in 1996 as a pilot demonstration project at The King? s County Supreme Court (NY) to test the feasibility and effectiveness of reducing drug use and crime by linking drug-addicted defendants in drug felony cases to drug treatment and support services, under the close supervision of the court. The results of the evaluation indicate that BTC provided substantial drug treatment and supervision for severely addicted women facing drug felony charges and that the program resulted in significant improvements in the level of drug use and re-offending among program participants. Using high professional standards for drug treatment in general, and drug courts in particular, BTC? s implementation of the model and provision of treatment was outstanding.
Lactobacillus Plantarum 108 Inhibits Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Mixed-Species Biofilm Formation

Streptococcus mutans is the principal biofilm forming oral pathogen associated with dental caries. Studies have shown that Candida albicans, a commensal oral fungus is capable of forming pathogenic mixed-species biofilms with S. mutans. The treatment of bacterial and fungal infections using conventional antimicrobial agents has become challenging due to the antimicrobial resistance of the biofilm mode of growth. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of secretory components of Lactobacillus plantarum 108, a potentially promising probiotic strain, against S. mutans and C. albicans single and mixed-species biofilms. L. plantarum 108 supernatant inhibited S. mutans and C. albicans single-species biofilms as shown by XTT reduction assay, crystal violet assay, and colony forming units counting. The probiotic supernatant significantly inhibited the S. mutans and C. albicans mixed-species biofilm formation. The pre-formed mixed-species biofilms were also successfully reduced. Confocal microscopy showed poorly developed biofilm architecture in the probiotic supernatant treated biofilms. Moreover, the expression of S. mutans genes associated with glucosyltransferase activity and C. albicans hyphal specific genes (HWP1, ALS1 and ALS3) were down-regulated in the presence of the probiotic supernatant. Altogether, the data demonstrated the capacity of L. plantarum 108 supernatant to inhibit the S. mutans and C. albicans mixed-species biofilms. Herein, we provide a new insight on the potential of probiotic-based strategies to prevent bacterial-fungal mixed-species biofilms associated with dental caries.
Genetic diversity of natural Tunisian Lavandula multifida L. (Lamiaceae) populations assessed by allozymes and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

We compared the genetic diversity estimated from allozymes and from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) in a sample of seven Lavandula multifida L. populations from three bioclimates in Tunisia. Seven isozymes coding for 14 putative loci and 97 RAPD markers, amplified by seven decamer random primers, were used. A high genetic diversity within populations was detected both by isozymes (P = 73.8%; Ap = 2.0 and He = 0.231) and RAPDs (61.86 < P < 80.41% and 0.308 < H < 0.459). The populations from the lower semi-arid bioclimate showed relatively higher polymorphism. A high genetic differentiation among all populations and a limited gene flow at all space scales were detected as a result of habitat fragmentation, low size of populations and genetic drift. However, the level of differentiation among populations revealed by RAPDs (Ф ST = 0.370; G ST = 0.372) was higher than that of allozymes (F ST = 0.244). The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrograms based on matrices of F ST and Ф ST were not concordant, and there is no significant correlation between the two data sets. The cluster from allozymes revealed higher separation among most populations. The dendrogram from RAPDs separated populations into three distinct subclusters. The groupings of populations in both dendrograms did not reflect spatial geographic or bioclimatic patterns, indicating particular adaptation of populations to local environments. The dendrogram, based on combined data had led to similar population groupings to that probed by RAPDs. The high differentiation among all populations implies that collection of seeds for ex situ conservation should be done from all populations from all bioclimatic zones even at a low geographic distance. Keywords : Lavandula multifida , genetic diversity, population structure, isozymes, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(7), pp. 648-657
Artificial Intelligence Solutions for Analysis of X-ray Images

Artificial intelligence (AI) presents a key opportunity for radiologists to improve quality of care and enhance the value of radiology in patient care and population health. The potential opportunity of AI to aid in triage and interpretation of conventional radiographs (X-ray images) is particularly significant, as radiographs are the most common imaging examinations performed in most radiology departments. Substantial progress has been made in the past few years in the development of AI algorithms for analysis of chest and musculoskeletal (MSK) radiographs, with deep learning now the dominant approach for image analysis. Large public and proprietary image data sets have been compiled and have aided the development of AI algorithms for analysis of radiographs, many of which demonstrate accuracy equivalent to radiologists for specific, focused tasks. This article describes (1) the basis for the development of AI solutions for radiograph analysis, (2) current AI solutions to aid in the triage and interpretation of chest radiographs and MSK radiographs, (3) opportunities for AI to aid in noninterpretive tasks related to radiographs, and (4) considerations for radiology practices selecting AI solutions for radiograph analysis and integrating them into existing IT systems. Although comprehensive AI solutions across modalities have yet to be developed, institutions can begin to select and integrate focused solutions which increase efficiency, increase quality and patient safety, and add value for their patients.
Measuring Risk of Wandering and Symptoms of Dementia Via Caregiver Report

Wandering is a potentially dangerous event for individuals living with dementia and is equally as stressful for their caregivers. The purpose of the current study was to examine the validity of the Risk of Wandering (RoW) scale in terms of predicting wandering. We compared the RoW scale’s validity against two widely used scales that assessed dementia as reported by caregivers: Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE; Jorm) and Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC; Roth et al.). The RoW scale predicted wandering events better than the IQCODE and comparably with the RMBPC, which is longer and less specific to wandering.
Canonical, Non-Canonical and Atypical Pathways of Nuclear Factor кb Activation in Preeclampsia

Although higher nuclear factor κB (NFκB) expression and activity is observed in preeclamptic placentas, its mechanism of activation is unknown. This is the first study to investigate whether the canonical, non-canonical, or atypical NFκB activation pathways may be responsible for the higher activation of NFκB observed in preeclamptic placentas. The study included 268 cases (130 preeclamptic women and 138 controls). We studied the expression of the genes coding for NFκB activators (NIK, IKKα, IKKβ, and CK2α) and inhibitors (IκBα and IκBβ) using RT-PCR in real time. The RT-PCR results were verified on the protein level using ELISA and Western blot. To determine the efficiency of the pathways, the ratios of activator(s) to one of the inhibitors (IκBα or IκBβ) were calculated for each studied pathway. The preeclamptic placentas demonstrated significantly lower IKKα and CK2α but higher IκBα and IκBβ protein levels. In addition, the calculated activator(s) to inhibitor (IκBα or IκBβ) ratios suggested that all studied pathways might be downregulated in preeclamptic placentas. Our results indicate that preeclamptic placentas may demonstrate mechanisms of NFκB activation other than the canonical, non-canonical, and atypical forms. In these mechanisms, inhibitors of NFκB may play a key role. These observations broaden the existing knowledge regarding the molecular background of preeclampsia development.
The description of mate choice

Mate choice is an important evolutionary process influencing a vast array of traits and ecological processes. Although the study of mate choice has proved to be hugely popular, the number of ways in which mate choice can be described is complex and a bewildering array of terminology has developed. The author begins by summarizing some examples of the range of terms used to describe choice that expose this complexity. The author then shows how the information conveyed by different mate choice descriptors can be better understood by comparison to null expectations, that is, the expected variation in a trait when mate choice is not expressed. This comparison is important because many traits that might be affected by mate choice, such as mating rate, mate search effort, and responsiveness, also vary in non-choosy individuals. This is in contrast to other traits, such as the slope of a preference function and mate assessment effort, for which null expectations are predictable. By understanding the null expectation for a trait, its utility as a descriptor of mate choice can be gauged. From this basis, the author suggests an alternative approach to the description of mate choice based upon a principle of describing variation in both "what" is preferred and "by how much" it is preferred. Crucially, the author describes how this approach might apply to a wide range of preference function shapes, thus aiding comparisons across taxa. Finally, the author considers how an improved appreciation of the way mate choice is described can inform future research.
Fish Bulletin No. 7. The Life-History and Growth of the Pismo Clam (Tivela stultorum Mawe)

Commercially the Pismo clam (Tivela stultorum)ranks first in importance in California among the clams and third among all the mollusks, being exceeded only by the oyster and the abalone. A second reason for considering this species is that there has been such evidence of depletion as to lead to increasingly more stringent protective laws, all of which have been urged by the residents of the county in which the clam is most abundant. In 1911 the legal size, below which no clam might be taken, was fixed at 13 inches in circumference and the bag. limit, or maximum number permitted to one person, at 200 per day. In 1915 the legal size was reduced to 12 inches in circumference and the bag limit to 50. In 1917 the legal size was changed to 4¾ inches in greatest length (a slight reduction). In 1919 the bag limit was further reduced to 36 per day. In 1921 the bag limit became 15. An accurate study of the cause and extent of this apparent diminution must await knowledge of at least the fundamental facts of the life history of this clam. This lack the present study attempts to supply. The more important features are considered to be: the habits, enemies and mortality of the adult; the rate of growth and the factors affecting it; the age at certain significant periods, particularly at sexual maturity and at the time when the legal size is reached; the most common age of clams forming the commercial catch; the season of spawning and the productivity; and the habits, enemies and mortality of the young. Some answer to each of these questions will be attempted.
Photoperiod and temperature as dominant environmental drivers triggering secondary growth resumption in Northern Hemisphere conifers

Significance Forest trees can live for hundreds to thousands of years, and they play a critical role in mitigating global warming by fixing approximately 15% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions annually by wood formation. However, the environmental factors triggering wood formation onset in springtime and the cellular mechanisms underlying this onset remain poorly understood, since wood forms beneath the bark and is difficult to monitor. We report that the onset of wood formation in Northern Hemisphere conifers is driven primarily by photoperiod and mean annual temperature. Understanding the unique relationships between exogenous factors and wood formation could aid in predicting how forest ecosystems respond and adapt to climate warming, while improving the assessment of long-term and high-resolution observations of global biogeochemical cycles. Wood formation consumes around 15% of the anthropogenic CO2 emissions per year and plays a critical role in long-term sequestration of carbon on Earth. However, the exogenous factors driving wood formation onset and the underlying cellular mechanisms are still poorly understood and quantified, and this hampers an effective assessment of terrestrial forest productivity and carbon budget under global warming. Here, we used an extensive collection of unique datasets of weekly xylem tissue formation (wood formation) from 21 coniferous species across the Northern Hemisphere (latitudes 23 to 67°N) to present a quantitative demonstration that the onset of wood formation in Northern Hemisphere conifers is primarily driven by photoperiod and mean annual temperature (MAT), and only secondarily by spring forcing, winter chilling, and moisture availability. Photoperiod interacts with MAT and plays the dominant role in regulating the onset of secondary meristem growth, contrary to its as-yet-unquantified role in affecting the springtime phenology of primary meristems. The unique relationships between exogenous factors and wood formation could help to predict how forest ecosystems respond and adapt to climate warming and could provide a better understanding of the feedback occurring between vegetation and climate that is mediated by phenology. Our study quantifies the role of major environmental drivers for incorporation into state-of-the-art Earth system models (ESMs), thereby providing an improved assessment of long-term and high-resolution observations of biogeochemical cycles across terrestrial biomes.
Acclimation to low light intensity in photosynthesis and growth of Pseudo-nitzschia multiseris Hasle, a neurotoxigenic diatom

Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries, a neurotoxigenic diatom, was grown in batch culture at light intensities between 53 and 1100 (imol nr2 s~'. Cellular contents of carbon, nitrogen and chlorophyll a, and the relationship between photosynthesis and light levels, were studied during exponential (day 4) and stationary phases (day 12). In the stationary phase at low light, there was an increase in cellular chlorophyll a and the initial slope of P-I curves (aB), which permitted a photosynthetic assimilation of energy equivalent to that of cells grown at high light In past incidents of domoic acid poisoning, this may have facilitated domoic acid production at low light intensities.