Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The vocalization of the Harbour seal pup (Phoca vitulina) and its role in the maintenance of contact with the mother

The Harbour seal pup is predisposed to follow its mother's movements which helps to ensure that the pair stays together. The mother monitors her pup's following and it is argued in this paper that she does so primarily by listening to the frequent, individually characteristic vocalization of her pup. This call can be produced in air and water simultaneously and as such could serve as a precise location mechanism.
Karyological Characterization of Four Marine Fish Species, Genera Trachinotus and Selene (Perciformes : Carangidae), from the Southeast Brazilian Coast

Specimens of 4 marine fish species 3 from genus Trachinotus, T. carolinus, T. falcatus, T. goodei, and 1 from genus Selene, S. vomer belonging to the family Carangidae (Perciformes) were analyzed. All the specimens analyzed inhabit the South/Southeast coast of Brazil, and were sampled from the locality Sao Sebastiao, SP. The 4 species presented 2n=48 chromosomes, being the chromosome formula for Selene vomer 46A+2ST, T. carolinus 8MSM+40A, T. falcatus 38A+10MSM and T. goodei 4MSM+44A chromosomes. The 4 species presented 1 pair of NORs. Small blocks of heterochromatin were found in these 4 species. The karyotypic characteristics of these species were discussed in comparison with other species and populations of Perciformes already analysed.
Inhibitory action of some essential oils and phytochemicals on the growth of various moulds isolated from foods

The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity profile of mould strains isolated from foods to some essential oils and phytochemicals. The assayed mould strains were: Fusarium spp. , Rhizopus spp. , Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and Penicillium spp. According to results, Lippia alba N.E. Brown, Peumus boldus Molina, Lippia microphylla Phil., Citrus limon Risso and Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. essential oil and the phytochemicals citral, eugenol and mircene showed prominent antimould activity. Among the products that evidenced antimould activity, citral and eugenol showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations, which was 1% and 4%, respectively, for the most of the tested mould strains.
A relationship between potassium and proline accumulation in salt‐stressed Sorghum bicolor

The amount of total monovalent cations in leaves of Sorghum bicolor, L. Moench, RS 610, which were exposed to salinity stress, was a function of both the osmotic potential and the concentration of K+ of growth media. The plants have a Na+ exclusion mechanism that keeps the level of Na+ in leaves low. Thus, most of the osmotic adjustment in leaves was due to K+. Proline did not start to accumulate in leaves until the concentration of total monovalent cations in leaves reached a threshold of approximately 200 μmol/g fresh weight. Above this threshold, the contents of prolioe and monovalent cations in leaves increased with increasing salinity of the medium. The ratio of proline to monovalent cation was 5% of that amount of monovalent cation in excess of the threshold concentration. Therefore, if the cations are located in the vacuoles and proline accumulates in the cytoplasm, then the amount of accumulated proline is sufficient to act as a balancing osmoticum across the tonoplast. Very little proline accumulated in roots because this tissue contained much less total monovalent cations than leaves from the same salt-stressed plants. The same threshold of 200 μmol/g fresh weight of total monovalent cations was required in roots as in leaves to initiate proline accumulation.
Between Equal Rights: A Marxist Theory of International Law

Marx was ambiguous about the role of human rights. In his earliest writings on Prussian censorship and the wood theft debates, Marx follows, without endorsing its substance, the Hegelian idea of the ethical state. Marx argues that the liberal rights of freedom of the press and free speech (i.e. civil and political rights) promote freedom by protecting the rights of the previously unrepresented peasants. They also show the need for a political constitution that recognizes the social question that liberals have previously failed to acknowledge. In this more democratic version of Hegel’s idea, Marx argues that Hegel’s conception employs a genuine notion of the representative state in which each individual, by obeying the laws of his own reason, would also obey those of the state (Miller 1979; Sherover 1979, 1986). Several years later, Marx was more skeptical about the capacity of Hegelian liberalism, or any liberalism, to promote “true democracy. ” This popular democratic conception of sovereignty undercut any purely political solution. The State is an organ of the ruling class, and could not politically address the problems of poverty and exploitation that Marx identified. The opposition between man and citizens, civil society and the State, took the form of abstract political rights and laws; men (sic) in civil society were atomized individuals not bound to community. Marx came to hold the view that emancipation was impossible within the bounds of the “political. ” Liberal rights, at least, did not reflect genuinely universal human needs or moral demands, but only the needs of atomized individuals within capitalist societies. (For example, see Lefort 1986.) The three books under review continue this debate in contemporary contexts. China Miéville reformulates Marx’s critique of rights with reference to recent debates in international law; Peter Uvin argues that civil and political rights are equally as important as social and economic rights in developing nations; and Carol Gould develops an Hegelian defense of an encompassing theory of legal rights.
Curly Top of Cultivated Plants and Weeds and Report of a Unique Curtovirus from Iran

The incidence of curly top disease on cultivated plants and weeds was investigated in Kerman Province (southeastern Iran) from October 2003 to November 2004. A total of 1186 samples were collected in fields of sugar beet and other crops as well as within commercial plastic houses. Curtovirus infection of four field crops, three vegetables and 11 weeds was verified by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a polyclonal antibody. An undescribed curtovirus, tentatively designated Iranian beet curly top virus (IBCTV), was isolated from three symptomatic beet samples collected randomly in widely separated regions of south-eastern, southern and central Iran and used for molecular studies. A 672 bp segment of the coat protein (CP) gene of each isolate was amplified by PCR and sequenced. The results showed that the three isolates shared 98.5-98.7% nucleotide homology with each other but only 72.1-76.5% with other members of the genus Curtovirus. IBCTV was also detected by PCR using specific primers in other samples of sugar beet, tomato, spinach, turnip and several weed species collected in different parts of Iran. These results indicated that IBCTV is the dominant curtovirus in Iran.
Comparisons of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in COPD Patients Hospitalized with Community-acquired Pneumonia and Acute Exacerbation

Background: Data comparing the clinical characteristics and outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP-COPD) and acute exacerbation (AECOPD) are very limited. Methods: Eighty episodes of hospitalization in 65 CAP-COPD patient.
Impact of the ‘Erika’ oil spill on the Tigriopus brevicornis ecosystem at the Le Croisic headland (France): preliminary observations

An investigation of the oil spill after the wreck of the tanker ‘Erika’ on 16 December 1999 showed that the maritime area around the town of Le Croisic (between the Vilaine and Loire river estuaries) was severely contaminated by the resulting black tide. Samples of sediment, oil and water were collected during several missions to the Le Croisic headland and analysed. The toxicity of the oil was tested on two organisms, the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus brevicornis and the alga Enteromorpha intestinalis. The tests showed only slight degradation of the oil after three months. In laboratory conditions, the toxicity of the sediment contaminated by the oil was apparent on the copepod after four days of exposure. Seawater in contact with the oil also had an effect on the alga.
Enhancement of TC of the (Ga,Mn) As diluted magnetic semiconductor by photoinduced exchange coupling of the Mn2+ spins

Effect of photo-excitation on the ferromagnetic transition temperature TC of the diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) (Ga,Mn) As is theoretically studied. The model Hamiltonian used to describe the system consists of interaction of localized Mn2+ spins with radiation field as appropriate to ferromagnetic and/or spin wave resonance. Using second order perturbation theory, an expression for photoinduced exchange coupling energy between the Mn spins is obtained. It is argued that the coupling energy could be significantly large to provide very large TCat/near spin wave resonance. The intensity and energy of the light can further assist enhancement of TC useful for high temperature spintronic devices. An analogy with carrier mediated Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) type interaction with magnetic ions is also established. Key words: Spintronics, (Ga,Mn)As, exchange coupling, photo-excitation, resonance, ferromagnetism, DMS.
Induction of supernumerary larval moulting in the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta: interaction of bisacylhydrazine ecdysteroid agonists with endogenous Juvenile Hormone

Abstract When given in a critical dietary dose range, the insecticidal bisacylhydrazine ecdysteroid agonists RH‐5849 or tebufenozide (RH‐5992) cause fifth stage Manduca sexta (L.) larvae to moult to a supernumerary sixth‐stage giant larva. The effect is dependent on exposure to the chemicals immediately after the previous ecdysis. Previous removal of the corpora allata does not interfere with the induction of premature moulting by RH‐5849 but completely prevents the formation of supernumerary larvae. The juvenilizing effect is therefore due to the interaction of the moult‐promoting effect of the ecdysteroid agonists with the high titre of endogenous Juvenile Hormone that is present just after ecdysis to the fifth stage in this insect. The ecdysteroid agonists themselves appear to have no intrinsic Juvenile Hormone‐agonist properties. Sixth‐stage larvae resulting from exposure to critical dietary concentrations of RH‐5849 are morphologically completely larval in character. When transferred to diet without the ecdysteroid agonist, they feed normally and gain weight, growing much larger than control fifth stage insects. At the end of the supernumerary stage, they cease to feed, wander in the usual way, and form a normal pupal cuticle but then die as pharate pupae without shedding the sixth‐stage larval cuticle.
Examining medical-surgical nurse shift-to-shift handoffs to identify process, failures, and effects

Abstract This research examined medical-surgical nurse shift-to-shift handoffs to identify the generic handoff process steps, as well as failure modes and effects, to develop causal explanations linking handoff characteristics to subsequent nursing care activities. The study used failure mode and effects analysis as an analytic framework for conducting secondary analysis on an existing focus group dataset. The dataset included five transcripts of focus groups with medical-surgical nurses describing their ideal handoff, ways handoff went poorly and effects post-handoff. Authors examined dataset for preferred handoff process steps, failure modes, and effects. A detailed handoff process was identified, including pre and post-handoff activities for both incoming and outgoing nurses. Handoff failures may result in negative effects for the nurse during handoff, in transition to and when providing patient care. An early failure, where the incoming nurse does not read the patients' medical records before handoff, resulted in a cascade of effects which triggered later failures or exacerbated the effects of later failures. The analysis revealed individual effects with many causal factors; such causes are confounded using existing handoff measures. The study's results can be used as a handoff process model for validation, to develop improved handoff measures, and for designing handoff improvements.
Anomaly-Based Method for Detecting Multiple Classes of Network Attacks

The article discusses the problem of detecting network attacks on a web server. The attention is focused on two common types of attacks: “denial of service” and “code injection”. A review and an analysis of various attack detection techniques are conducted. A new lightweight approach to detect attacks as anomalies is proposed. It is based on recognition of the dynamic response of the web server during requests processing. An autoencoder is implemented for dynamic response anomaly recognition. A case study with the MyBB web server is described. Several flood attacks and SQL injection attack are modeled and successfully detected by the proposed method. The efficiency of the detection algorithm is evaluated, and the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed approach are analyzed.
Movements of the same upper limb can be classified from low-frequency time-domain EEG signals

Introduction: Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can be used to control neuroprostheses of spinal cord injured (SCI) persons. A neuroprosthesis can restore different movement functions (e.g., hand open/close, supination/pronation etc.), and requires a BCI with a sufficiently high number of classes. However, sensorimotor rhythm-based BCIs can often only provide less than 3 classes, and new types of BCIs need to be developed. Since a couple of years, a new EEG feature has evolved: low-frequency time-domain signals. For example movement trajectories [1] and movement directions [2] were decoded using this feature. In the present study, we investigated whether low-frequency time-domain signals can also be used to classify several (executed) hand/arm movements of the same limb. A BCI relying on the imagination of such movements may be used to control a neuroprosthesis more naturally and provide a higher number of classes.
LeapTrak: Exploring Smartwatch Gestures in 3D

As mobile devices and wearables become smaller and more portable, their development becomes limited in size and hardware capabilities. This leads to difficulties with input as the size of a user’s finger can narrow the possible interactions that can be performed or occlude the screen, limiting visual feedback from the device. Inspiring by SoundTrak which presents 3D acoustic sensing techniques for smartwatches, LeapTrak expands upon this previous research through presenting a set of gestures performed in 3D space for smartwatch applications using a Leap Motion [16]. Author
An anisotropic bubble model for soft clays

This paper describes the principles behind a new anisotropic bubble model for natural soils. The model is a hierarchical extension of the anisotropic S-CLAY1 model. The kinematic yield surface of S-CLAY1 model is treated as a bounding surface and a bubble surface is introduced within the bounding surface. The bubble surface is similar in shape to the S-CLAY1 yield surface, and assumes an isotropic elastic behaviour and an associated flow rule. A translation rule of the bubble is used to control the movement of the bubble. The implementation of the model is first verified by simulating slow cyclic loading with constant deviator stress on Kaolin clay, and secondly, simulations of undrained triaxial shear tests (in compression and extension) are made to highlight the effect of evolution of anisotropy, and finally, simulations of high number of loading cycles performed to examine ratcheting feature of the model.
Book Reviews: Automated Grammatical Error Detection for Language Learners by Claudia Leacock, Martin Chodorow, Michael Gamon, and Joel Tetreault

It has been estimated that over a billion people are using or learning English as a second or foreign language, and the numbers are growing not only for English but for other languages as well. These language learners provide a burgeoning market for tools that help identify and correct learners' writing errors. Unfortunately, the errors targeted by typical commercial proofreading tools do not include those aspects of a second language that are hardest to learn. This volume describes the types of constructions English language learners find most difficult -- constructions containing prepositions, articles, and collocations. It provides an overview of the automated approaches that have been developed to identify and correct these and other classes of learner errors in a number of languages. Error annotation and system evaluation are particularly important topics in grammatical error detection because there are no commonly accepted standards. Chapters in the book describe the options available to researchers, recommend best practices for reporting results, and present annotation and evaluation schemes. The final chapters explore recent innovative work that opens new directions for research. It is the authors' hope that this volume will contribute to the growing interest in grammatical error detection by encouraging researchers to take a closer look at the field and its many challenging problems. Table of Contents: Introduction / History of Automated Grammatical Error Detection / Special Problems of Language Learners / Language Learner Data / Evaluating Error Detection Systems / Article and Preposition Errors / Collocation Errors / Different Approaches for Different Errors / Annotating Learner Errors / New Directions / Conclusion
Efflorescence: Evaluation of Published Test Methods for Brick and Efforts to Develop a Masonry Assembly Test Method

The test method determining the efflorescence potential of brick is found in ASTM C67-08, Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile. This test method is based upon the “wick tests” performed at the National Bureau of Standards in 1930 to determine the tendency for 684 brick to effloresce. Both Britain and Russia have also published efflorescence test methods for brick. From 1995 through 2006, Task Group C15.02. 26 on Efflorescence, a subcommittee of ASTM C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile, evaluated the effectiveness of the ASTM C67-08 efflorescence test method. C15.02 is a subcommittee of committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units. The performance results for the ASTM, British, Russian and a modified ASTM C67-08 test on a standard brick were compared. This evaluation revealed that the ASTM C67-08 and the Russian efflorescence test methods were equally effective in predicting efflorescence potential of brick. The British test method was shown not to be effective in predicting efflorescence potential of brick. The efflorescence that developed on the types of brick rated as “effloresced” was more extensive and intense on the brick tested by the ASTM C67-08 method than the brick tested by the Russian method. In 1998, Task Group C15.05. 15 on Efflorescence of Masonry Assemblies of ASTM subcommittee C15.05 on Masonry Assemblies prepared ASTM C1400-07, Standard Guide for Reduction of Efflorescence Potential in New Masonry Walls. C15.05 is a subcommittee of committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units. Subsequently, Task Group C15.05. 15 began testing to obtain information to develop a test method to predict efflorescence potential in new masonry assemblies. The testing is ongoing. The various test methods evaluated to date include the following: (1) Open top plastic box with brick test specimen inserted in each face and filling of the box with a slurry of the test mortar ingredients; (2) open top brick masonry box constructed with the brick and mortar test specimens and filling of the box with water; (3) brick masonry wallettes constructed with the brick and mortar test specimens and placed in 1-in. -deep water and exposed to moving air from a fan; and (4) masonry cubes made from ground-up brick test specimens and mortar test specimens and placed in 1-in. -deep water and exposed to moving air from a fan. This paper presents the results of the evaluation of the ASTM C67-08 efflorescence test method by Task Group C15.02. 26 and of the efforts made to date by Task Group C15.05. 15 to develop an efflorescence test method for masonry assemblages.
Modelling, Simulation and Analysis of PHERB Powertrain

Popularity due to high fuel efficiency have made plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) gives a great transformation in reducing fuel consumption, fuel cost and gas emission. Marine transportation such as boat, ship, tanker, bulk carries, tow and tug also need the revolution replacing their diesel conventional with the hybrid electric vehicle. In this paper, plug-in hybrid electric recreational boat (PHERB) was presented. This research aims to present modelling and simulation of main powertrain PHERB based on a mathematical model in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, in order to respond to power and speed through a drive cycle. The accuracy of the model is compared with advanced vehicle simulator (ADVISOR) software. The result of simulation main powertrain, fuel economy and emission of PHERB and ADVISOR model were compared, and the pro and con were discussed. This model can be used as a reference to build a hybrid electric boat in Malaysia environment.
Multivariate analysis linkage of phyllospheric microbial community of transgenic cotton from SGK321 to Cry1Ac: A temporal expression dynamics

The effects of transgenic plant on ecological and food biosafety have attracted considerable attention recently due to the exploding number of commercialization genetic modified plants. Here, we examined the changes of bacterial and fungal community compositions in the phyllosphere of Cry1Ac Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton SGK321 by molecular fingerprint method at four major growth stages. The phyllospheric bacteria diversity of SGK321 was decreased at budding stage only, indicated by Shannon index. A slight increase of diversity and abundance of fungal community could be detected at different sampling stage except the seeding stage. Fungal community showed a tendency to be affiliated with the expression of Cry1Ac protein which was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method at both the seeding and budding stages. Results suggested that, compared to bacteria, fungi in phyllosphere of transgenic cotton SGK321 might be more susceptible to Cry1Ac protein, which includes Cochliobolus sp. , Setosphaeria sp. , Blakeslea trispora, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus sp. Furthermore, the seasonal and temporal parameters during the growth stages were proved to be the most important factor relating with the shift of phyllospheric microorganism communities.