Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validity of effective material parameters for optical fishnet metamaterials

Although optical metamaterials that show artificial magnetism are mesoscopic systems, they are frequently described in terms of effective material parameters. But due to intrinsic nonlocal (or spatially dispersive) effects it may be anticipated that this approach is usually only a crude approximation and is physically meaningless. In order to study the limitations regarding the assignment of effective material parameters, we present a technique to retrieve the frequency-dependent elements of the effective permittivity and permeability tensors for arbitrary angles of incidence and apply the method exemplarily to the fishnet metamaterial. It turns out that for the fishnet metamaterial, genuine effective material parameters can only be introduced if quite stringent constraints are imposed on the wavelength/unit cell size ratio. Unfortunately they are only met far away from the resonances that induce a magnetic response required for many envisioned applications of such a fishnet metamaterial. Our work clearly indicates that the mesoscopic nature and the related spatial dispersion of contemporary optical metamaterials that show artificial magnetism prohibits the meaningful introduction of conventional effective material parameters.
The diffusion-induced nova scenario: CK Vul and PB8 as possible observational counterparts

We propose a scenario for the formation of DA white dwarfs with very thin helium buffers. For these stars we explore the possible occurrence of diffusion-induced CNO-flashes during their early cooling stage. In order to obtain very thin helium buffers, we simulate the formation of low-mass remnants through an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) final/late thermal pulse (AFTP/LTP scenario). Then we calculate the consequent white dwarf cooling evolution by means of a consistent treatment of element diffusion and nuclear burning. Based on physically sound white dwarf models, we find that the range of helium buffer masses for these diffusion-induced novae to occur is significantly smaller than that predicted by the only previous study of this scenario. As a matter of fact, we find that these flashes do occur only in some low-mass (M ≲ 0.6 M ⊙ ) and low-metallicity (Z ZAMS ≲ 0.001) remnants about 10 6 ―10 7 yr after departing from the AGB. For these objects, we expect the luminosity to increase by about 4 orders of magnitude in less than a decade. We also show that diffusion-induced novae should display a very typical eruption light curve, with an increase of about a few magnitudes per year before reaching a maximum of M V ~ ―5 to -6. Our simulations show that surface abundances after the outburst are characterized by log N H /N He ∼ ―0.15. 0.6 and N > C ≳ O by mass fractions. Contrary to previous speculations we show that these events are not recurrent and do not change substantially the final H-content of the cool (DA) white dwarf. Finally, with the aid of model predictions we discuss the possibility that Nova Vul 1670 (CK Vul) and the recently proposed [WN/WC]-central stars of planetary nebulae could be observational counterparts of this diffusion-induced nova scenario. We conclude that, despite discrepancies with observations, the scenario offers one of the best available explanations for CK Vul and, with minor modifications, explains the observed properties of [WN/WC]-central stars of planetary nebulae.
New Representations of Matroids and Generalizations

We extend the notion of matroid representations by matrices over fields and consider new representations of matroids by matrices over finite semirings, more precisely over the boolean and the superboolean semirings. This idea of representations is generalized naturally to include also hereditary collections. We show that a matroid that can be directly decomposed as matroids, each of which is representable over a field, has a boolean representation, and more generally that any arbitrary hereditary collection is superboolean-representable.
Deep learning for automated epileptiform discharge detection from scalp EEG: A systematic review

Automated interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) detection has been widely studied, with machine learning methods at the forefront in recent years. As computational resources become more accessible, researchers have applied deep learning (DL) to IED detection with promising results. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the current DL approaches to automated IED detection from scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and establish recommendations for the clinical research community. We conduct a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched for studies published between 2012 and 2022 implementing DL for automating IED detection from scalp EEG in major medical and engineering databases. We highlight trends and formulate recommendations for the research community by analyzing various aspects: data properties, preprocessing methods, DL architectures, evaluation metrics and results, and reproducibility. The search yielded 66 studies, and 23 met our inclusion criteria. There were two main DL networks, convolutional neural networks in 14 studies and long short-term memory networks in three studies. A hybrid approach combining a hidden Markov model with an autoencoder was employed in one study. Graph convolutional network was seen in one study, which considered a montage as a graph. All DL models involved supervised learning. The median number of layers was 9 (IQR: 5–21). The median number of IEDs was 11 631 (IQR: 2663–16 402). Only six studies acquired data from multiple clinical centers. AUC was the most reported metric (median: 0.94; IQR: 0.94–0.96). The application of DL to IED detection is still limited and lacks standardization in data collection, multi-center testing, and reporting of clinically relevant metrics (i.e. F1, AUCPR, and false-positive/minute). However, the performance is promising, suggesting that DL might be a helpful approach. Further testing on multiple datasets from different clinical centers is required to confirm the generalizability of these methods.
COPHYD (Corona Owed Physical Deficiency): The Impact of Lockdown on Cardiopulmonary Function in Paediatric Cardiology Patients

Abstract Introduction Due to the Corona-lockdowns the closure of sports facilities and schools has led to a decline in physical activity (PA) for months. PA is essential for maintaining cardiopulmonary function assessed by peak oxygen uptake. Since peak oxygen uptake represents the best predictor for mortality and morbidity in children with congenital heart disease the impact of lockdowns on this parameter is vital. Methods We evaluated retrospectively cardiopulmonary exercise data from our patient collective from before lockdown with twin-paired data from during lockdown. The twin-pairing was achieved by matching patients with similar heart disease, age, sex, and test method. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was achieved on either the treadmill or the bicycle. Results We were able to twin-pair 90 cases (26 twins with heart disease and 19 healthy twins). There was a significant decrease of cardiopulmonary function (V̇O 2 peak: 35.7±9.8 vs.30.4±10.6) in the heart disease cohort along with a significant decrease in peak oxygen pulse (13.3±4.1 vs. 11.4±4.5), and peak minute ventilation (V ̇E: 83.05±29.08 vs.71,49±24.96). The healthy children improved over the timeframe, but this only reached significance for peak minute ventilation (81.72±25.79 vs.97.94±31.4). Conclusion We observed a significant decline of peak oxygen uptake during lockdown in the group of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients. This involved a loss of cardiac function as well as pulmonary function. This could be explained by limited access to sports facilities and restriction of regular daily movement due to school closure and overprotection. Healthy children improved their pulmonary function. This might be an indication of an improvement of exercise during confinement.
Stabilising function of the human diaphragm in response to involuntary augmented breaths induced with or without lower‐limb movements

What is the central question of this study? Is the stabilising function of the diaphragm altered differentially in response to involuntary augmented breaths induced with or without lower‐limb movements? What is the main finding and its importance? At equivalent levels of ventilation, the diaphragm generated higher passive pressure but moved significantly less during incremental cycle ergometry compared with progressive hypercapnia. Diaphragm excursion velocity and power output did not differ between the two tasks. These findings imply that the power output of the diaphragm during stabilising tasks involving the lower limbs may be preserved via coordinated changes in contractile shortening.
Paradoxical psoriasiform reactions during treatment with adalimumab for hidradenitis suppurativa: Real‐life experience and therapeutic response to other biological drugs

Adalimumab is the only biological drug approved to date for the treatment of moderate and/or severe hidradenitis suppurativa. Adverse events reported during therapy include paradoxical psoriasiform reactions. No guidelines are currently available for the management of this clinical condition. The aim of this paper is to describe the incidence and clinical features of paradoxical psoriasiform eruptions occurring during treatment with adalimumab in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa and to report real‐life experience in management and the possible role of other biologic agents for the treatment of both conditions.
The effect of photoionization on the cooling rates of enriched, astrophysical plasmas

A B ST R A C T Radiativecooling iscentralto a widerangeofastrophysicalproblem s.Despiteits im portance,cooling ratesaregenerally com puted using very restrictiveassum ptions, such as collisionalionization equilibrium and solar relative abundances.W e sim ul- taneously relax both assum ptions and investigate the eects ofphoto-ionization of heavy elem entsby them eta-galacticUV/X-ray background and ofvariationsin rela- tiveabundanceson thecoolingratesofopticallythin gasin ionization equilibrium . W e �nd thatphoto-ionization by them eta-galacticbackground radiation reducesthenet cooling ratesby up to an orderofm agnitudeforgasdensitiesand tem peraturestyp- icalofthe shock-heated intergalactic m edium and proto-galaxies(10 4 K< T < 10 6 K, �=hi < 100). In addition,photo-ionization changesthe relative contributionsofdif- ferentelem entstothecoolingrates.W econcludethatphoto-ionization by theionizing background and heavy elem entsboth need to be taken into accountin orderforthe cooling ratesto be correctto orderofm agnitude.M oreover,ifthe ratesneed to be known to better than a factor ofa few,then departures ofthe relative abundances from solar need to be taken into account.W e propose a m ethod to com pute cool- ing rateson an elem ent-by-elem entbasisby interpolating pre-com puted tables that take photo-ionization into account.W e provide such tables for a popular m odelof the evolving UV/X-ray background radiation,com puted using the photo-ionization package cloudy. K ey w ords: atom icprocesses| plasm as| coolingows| galaxies:form ation | intergalacticm edium
A High-Dimensional Timing Data Cleaning Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) use many sensor nodes to monitor various environmental information in designated areas in real-time, which has broad application prospects in many fields and industries. Due to the sensor’s physical fault or technical defect, there are some errors in the collected data; therefore, it is necessary to clean and repair the data before they are used. This paper proposes a high-dimensional sequential data cleaning algorithm for WSNs. The algorithm combines the correlation between different dimensions and the temporal correlation characteristics within the same dimension. Firstly, the data is preprocessed, and the abnormal dimen-sion is determined by combining the prior knowledge and correlation calculation. Then, the algorithm of dynamic programming and speed constraint is used to determine the outliers and mark the abnormal dimensions. Finally, the autoregressive model with exogenous variables is used to repair outliers. Experiments are carried out on a real WSN dataset in this paper. The results show that the repair effect of the proposed algorithm is better than the single dimension benchmark algorithm.
PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS FOR QUASARS IN MULTI-BAND SURVEYS

The Multi Layer Perceptron with Quasi Newton Algorithm (MLPQNA) is a machine learning method that can be used to cope with regression and classification problems on complex and massive data sets. In this paper, we give a formal description of the method and present the results of its application to the evaluation of photometric redshifts for quasars. The data set used for the experiment was obtained by merging four different surveys (Sloan Digital Sky Survey, GALEX, UKIDSS, and WISE), thus covering a wide range of wavelengths from the UV to the mid-infrared. The method is able (1) to achieve a very high accuracy, (2) to drastically reduce the number of outliers and catastrophic objects, and (3) to discriminate among parameters (or features) on the basis of their significance, so that the number of features used for training and analysis can be optimized in order to reduce both the computational demands and the effects of degeneracy. The best experiment, which makes use of a selected combination of parameters drawn from the four surveys, leads, in terms of Δznorm (i.e., (zspec − zphot)/(1 + zspec)), to an average of Δznorm = 0.004, a standard deviation of σ = 0.069, and a median absolute deviation, MAD = 0.02, over the whole redshift range (i.e., zspec ⩽ 3.6), defined by the four-survey cross-matched spectroscopic sample. The fraction of catastrophic outliers, i.e., of objects with photo-z deviating more than 2σ from the spectroscopic value, is <3%, leading to σ = 0.035 after their removal, over the same redshift range. The method is made available to the community through the DAMEWARE Web application.
1/8 BPS black hole composites

We show that the 1/8 BPS condition for composite stationary black holes can be rewritten as a first order system of differential equations associated to the nilpotent orbit in which lie the Noether charges of the black holes. Solving these equations, we prove that the most general 1/8 BPS black hole composites are solutions of the N = 2 truncation of the theory associated to the quaternions. This system of first order differential equations generalises to the non-BPS solutions with a vanishing central charge at the horizon in N = 2, 4 supergravity theories with a symmetric moduli space. We solve these equations for the exceptional N = 2 supergravity associated to the octonions.
A new bellflower, Campanula dersimensis (Campanulaceae), from E Anatolia, Turkey

Abstract: Campanula dersimensis Fırat & Yıldırım, a new species endemic to the E Anatolian region of Turkey, is described and illustrated. It is currently known from two localities in Tunceli province (Dersim). Campanula dersimensis shows similarities to C. quercetorum Hub. -Mor. & C. Simon and C. yildirimlii Kit Tan & Sorger. A close relationship of the three taxa is also supported by phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear-encoded ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Diagnostic morphological characters are discussed and compared with those of closely related taxa. Campanula dersimensis is easily distinguished from related species, especially by its retrorsely hairy stem and leaf surface, to 1 mm long calyx appendages and glabrous and light greenish yellow to yellowish white corollas. Citation: Fırat M. , Özüdoğru B. & Yıldırım H. 2022: A new bellflower, Campanula dersimensis (Campanulaceae), from E Anatolia, Turkey. – Willdenowia 52: 167–177. Version of record first published online on 29 June 2022 ahead of inclusion in August 2022 issue.
Pass Evaluation in Women's Olympic Ice Hockey

Much of modern sports analytics is based on player and ball tracking data. Such data are mostly collected using wearable devices or an array of carefully located cameras and detectors. Many teams do not have such a luxury, especially in undervalued sports such a women's ice hockey; of those that do, the data are not typically publicly available. Recent developments in computer vision have allowed for the collection of tracking data directly from widely available broadcast video. Using event and tracking data collected directly from broadcast video during the elimination round games of the 2022 Winter Olympics, we create a framework for evaluating passing in women's ice hockey. We begin with physics-based motion models for both players and the puck, which we use to develop a model for probabilistic passing. Next, we model the rink control for each team and the scoring probability of the offensive team. These models are then combined into novel metrics for quantifying the various aspects of any single pass. By looking at the entire corpus of plays, we create several summary metrics describing players' risk-reward tendencies, and overall passing ability. All of our metrics can be presented graphically, allowing for easy adaptation by coaches, players, scouts, and other front-office personnel.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TURBULENT SPOT INTO A STRIPE PATTERN IN PLANE POISEUILLE FLOW

A structure consisting of quasi-laminar and turbulent regions in a stripe pattern, which can be found in a transitional plane channel flow, is called `turbulent stripe'. In the previous works, the emergence of this structure was confirmed only in the case of decreasing Reynolds number from turbulent regime. In the present study, its formation from a turbulent spot has been investigated using a direct numerical simulation in a relatively large-scale computational domain of $L_x \times L_y \times L_z = 731.4\delta \times 2\delta \times 365.7\delta$ at ${\rm Re}_\tau = 56$ and $L_x \times L_y \times L_z = 640\delta \times 2\delta \times 320\delta$ at ${\rm Re}_\tau = 64$. We observed the stripe pattern of quasi-laminar and turbulent regions inside of the spot. However, the turbulent eddies decayed more rapidly for ${\rm Re}_\tau = 56$ than those for ${\rm Re}_\tau = 64$. The developed spot at ${\rm Re}_\tau = 64$. was found to be different form from that at ${\rm Re}_\tau = 56$.
The 1/N expansion method in quantum field theory

The motivations of the 1/N expansion method in quantum field theory are explained. The method is first illustrated with the O(N) model of scalar fields. A second example is considered with the two-dimensional Gross-Neveu model of fermion fields with global U(N) and discrete chiral symmetries. The case of QCD is briefly sketched.
Improved Almost Blank Subframe Technology Based On Interference Suppression

Almost blank subframe (ABS) is an effective method to eliminate interference in heterogeneous networks, but the existence of ABS will cause the degradation of the communication performance of the macro cell. To tackle this issue, an improved ABS technology based on interference suppression was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the channel parameters are estimated in the ABS frame and sent back to the micro base station (BS). Secondly, the micro BS uses the estimated parameters and the synchronized digital signal of the macro BS to calculate the pre-processed digital signal. Finally, the predistortion part of the signal from the micro BS and the signal from the macro BS cancel each other out at the terminal. The proposed method can alleviate the interference of the macro BS to the edge users of the small cell, and significantly reduce the proportion of ABS frames in the macro BS, thereby improving the communication performance of the macro cell.
Analysis of multichannel measurements of rare processes with uncertain expected background and acceptance

A typical experiment in high energy physics is considered. The result of the experiment is assumed to be a histogram consisting of bins or channels with numbers of corresponding registered events. The expected background and expected signal shape or acceptance for a certain full signal rate are measured in a separated auxiliary experiments, or calculated by the Monte Carlo method with finite sample size, and hence with finite precision. An especially complex situation occurs when the expected background in some of the channels happens to be zero in the auxiliary background experiment due to either a fluctuation of the auxiliary measurement or because it is truly zero. Different statistical methods give different confidence intervals for the full signal rate and the different significances of the signal+background hypothesis versus the pure background hypothesis.
ABLE: Aesthetic Box Lunch Editing

This paper proposes an exploratory research that contains a pre-trained ordering recovery model to obtain correct placement sequences from box lunch images, and a generative adversarial network to composite novel box lunch presentations from single item food and generated layouts. Furthermore, we present Bento800, the first cleanly annotated, high-quality, and standardized dataset for aesthetic box lunch presentation generation and other downstream tasks. Bento800 dataset is available at \urlhttps://github.com/Yutong-Zhou-cv/Bento800_Dataset.
Discriminating different scenarios to account for the cosmic e ± excess by synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation

The excesses of the cosmic positron fraction recently measured by PAMELA and the electron spectra by ATIC, PPB-BETS, Fermi, and H.E. S.S. indicate the existence of primary electron and positron sources. The possible explanations include dark matter annihilation, decay, and astrophysical origin, like pulsars. In this work we show that these three scenarios can all explain the experimental results of the cosmic ${e}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ excess. However, it may be difficult to discriminate these different scenarios by the local measurements of electrons and positrons. We propose possible discriminations among these scenarios through the synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation of the primary electrons/positrons from the region close to the Galactic center. Taking typical configurations, we find the three scenarios predict quite different spectra and skymaps of the synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation, though there are relatively large uncertainties. The most prominent differences come from the energy band ${10}^{4}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{9}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MH}z$ for synchrotron emission and $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ for inverse Compton emission. It might be able to discriminate at least the annihilating dark matter scenario from the other two given the high precision synchrotron and diffuse $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray skymaps in the future.