Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Land Use Demands for the CLUE-S Spatiotemporal Model in an Agroforestry Perspective

Rural landscape evolution models are used as tools for the analysis of the causes and impact of land use changes on landscapes. The CLUE-S (the Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent) model was developed to simulate the changes in current land use, by using quantitative relationships between land uses and driving factors combined with a dynamic modeling of land use competition. One of the modules that build the “CLUE-S” is the non-spatial subset of the model that calculates the temporal evolution of the land use/cover under several socio-economic scenarios. The purpose of this research was to estimate the demands of land use in the area of Mouzaki, Thessaly plain, Greece with the ultimate goal of using them in the non-spatial module of the CLUE-S to predict the evolution of land uses in year 2040. These estimations are the quantitative prediction of the spatial change for all land use types at the aggregate level. Three models of forecasting the future land cover in the area were simulated, in order to obtain a clear view of the different land uses in the future. We distinguished three model-scenarios for calculating the demand-forecasts: (a) business as usual (BAU) scenario, that deals with a linear projection of the current land use demands, (b) rapid economic development (RED) scenario, and (c) ecological land protection (ELP) scenario. In the BAU scenario the land use demands for the year 2040 were calculated using linear interpolation utilizing historical data from 1960 to 2020. In the RED scenario, the demands were calculated by maximizing the economic benefit of land uses, and in the ELP scenario the demands were calculated by maximizing the environmental benefit of land uses. Furthermore, a multi-criteria analysis was performed to find the trade-offs between economic benefit maximization and environmental benefit optimization. It was found that the agricultural lands reach their maximum area under the RED scenario, while reaching their lower bound for the ELP scenario. The same goes for agroforestry systems. The grasslands reach their lower bound under the ELP scenario, while they achieve a higher value under the RED scenario. Concerning the silvopastoral woodlands, although an increase is foreseen under the BAU scenario, it appears that they reach their lower bound in the other two scenarios, RED and ELP. Forests receive intermediate values and cover a larger area under the ELP scenario compared with the RED scenario. The expected forest cover under the BAU scenario is higher. Moreover, sparse and dense shrublands receive their lower bound for both optimization scenarios, while the settlements reach the upper bound for the RED scenario and the lower one under the ELP scenario.
Heat stress affects duodenal microbial community of indigenous yellow-feather broilers as determined by 16S rRNA sequencing

Abstract The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress on microbial community in the duodenum of yellow-feather broiler chickens based on 16S rRNA sequencing. A total of 40 female Chinese indigenous yellow-feather broilers (56-day-old, average initial body weight of 840.75 ± 20.79 g) were randomly allocated to two groups, including the normal treatment group (NT group, 21.3 ± 1.2 °C, 24 h/day) and the heat stress group (HS group, 32.5 ± 1.4 °C, 10 h/day), and the relative humidity (RH) of both two groups was maintained at 65 ± 5%. The experiment conforms to a completely randomised trial design. Broilers in both of two groups were fed basal diet, each group consisted of five replicates, and four broilers in each replicate. The feeding trail lasted 4 weeks. The results showed that although the broilers in the HS group had lower abundance-based coverage estimators (ACE) and Chao1 richness estimator (Chao1) index of duodenal microbial, there were no significant differences in duodenal microbial alpha diversity index between NT and HS groups, including ACE, Chao1, Shannon and Simpson index (p > .05). Regarding the microbial composition and abundance, at the phylum level, heat stress exposure significantly decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in duodenum compared with NT group (p < .05). At the genus level, compared with the NT group, heat stress exposure significantly reduced the relative abundance of Cupriavidus, Leptothrix, Janthinobacterium, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Desulfovibrio, Oscillospira and Dorea in the duodenum (p < .05). In conclusion, heat stress affected the duodenal microbial community in indigenous yellow-feather broilers. Highlights Heat stress had adverse effects on duodenal microbial composition of Chinese indigenous yellow-feather broilers. Strategies that improve the duodenal microbial balance may promote the gut health and reduce the economic losses caused by heat stress in broiler production.
The impact of democracy on social entrepreneurship

This article presents a causative approach to the field of connection between social entrepreneurship and democracy. The background of social entrepreneurship appearance and improving of democratic norms in the developed countries are shown. The impact of democracy on social entrepreneurship is described by paying attention on the following issues: (1) Analyzes of different scientists views on the essence of entrepreneurship and entrepreneur. (2) The role of democracy development for forming creative society with free people and freethinking. (3) Situation in the Ukrainian society in the sphere of social entrepreneurship promoting and further strengthen of democratic norms. Introduction of the paper briefly displays the importance of social entrepreneurship increase for society enhancements and growing democratic initiatives. Part I discusses the democratic development and social entrepreneurs activities as main factors for future prosperity of the country. In Part II, the attention is concentrated on social entrepreneurship promoting in Ukraine and its impact for further society development as real example with its peculiarities due to the political and economic situation in the state.
Phenotyping Architecture Traits of Tree Species Using Remote Sensing Techniques

HighlightsTree canopy architecture traits are associated with its productivity and management.Understanding these traits is important for both precision agriculture and phenomics applications.Remote sensing platforms (satellite, UAV, etc.) and multiple approaches (SfM, LiDAR) have been used to assess these traits.3D reconstruction of tree canopies allows the measurement of tree height, crown area, and canopy volume.Abstract. Tree canopy architecture is associated with light use efficiency and thus productivity. Given the modern training systems in orchard tree fruit systems, modification of tree architecture is becoming important for easier management of crops (e.g., pruning, thinning, chemical application, harvesting, etc.) while maintaining fruit quality and quantity. Similarly, in forest environments, architecture can influence the competitiveness and balance between tree species in the ecosystem. This article reviews the literature related to sensing approaches used for assessing architecture traits and the factors that influence such evaluation processes. Digital imagery integrated with structure from motion analysis and both terrestrial and aerial light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems have been commonly used. In addition, satellite imagery and other techniques have been explored. Some of the major findings and some critical considerations for such measurement methods are summarized here. Keywords: Canopy volume, LiDAR system, Structure from motion, Tree height, UAV.
Cricket Match Analytics Using the Big Data Approach

Cricket is one of the most liked, played, encouraged, and exciting sports in today’s time that requires a proper advancement with machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) to attain more accuracy. With the increasing number of matches with time, the data related to cricket matches and the individual player are increasing rapidly. Moreover, the need of using big data analytics and the opportunities of utilizing this big data effectively in many beneficial ways are also increasing, such as the selection process of players in the team, predicting the winner of the match, and many more future predictions using some machine learning models or big data techniques. We applied the machine learning linear regression model to predict the team scores without big data and the big data framework Spark ML. The experimental results are measured through accuracy, the root mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), and mean absolute error (MAE), respectively 95%, 30.2, 1350.34, and 28.2 after applying linear regression in Spark ML. Furthermore, our approach can be applied to other sports.
The Role of Organic Acids in New Particle Formation from Methanesulfonic Acid and Methylamine

Abstract. Atmospheric organic acids (OAs) are expected to enhance methanesulfonic acid (MSA)-driven new particle formation (NPF). However, the exact role of OAs in MSA-driven NPF remains unclear. Here, we employed a two-step strategy to probe the role of OAs in MSA-methylamine (MA) NPF. Initially, we evaluated the enhancing potential of 12 commonly detected OAs in ternary MA-MSA-OA cluster formation by considering the formation free energies of the (MSA)1(MA)1(OA)1 clusters and the atmospheric concentrations of the OAs. It was found that formic acid (ForA) has the highest potential to stabilize the MA-MSA clusters. The high enhancing potential of ForA results from its acidity, structural factors such as no intramolecular H-bonds and high atmospheric abundance. The second step is to extend the MSA-MA-ForA system to larger cluster sizes. The results indicate that ForA can indeed enhance MSA-MA NPF at atmospheric conditions (the upper limited temperature is 258.15 K), indicating that ForA might have an important role in MSA-driven NPF. The enhancing effect of ForA is mainly caused by an increased formation of the (MSA)2(MA)1 cluster, which is involved in the pathway of binary MSA-MA nucleation. Hence, our results indicate that OAs might be required to facilitate MSA-driven NPF in the atmosphere.
The Evaluation of Edmodo in News and Report Writing Class

: Technology development are expected to be utilized reciprocally in Education. Lecturer had started to merge face to face interaction with online course which is called blended learning since the students can easily send their assignments. Many attempts have been made to maximize efﬁciency of technology to support students and lecturer in teaching and learning process. This study, therefore, evaluate Edmodo as one of online platform which allow students and lecturer to connect, collaborate and share content as well as ideas and educational applications, and assess works, grades, and class discussions. The participants in this study were 25 students of News and Report Writing class. They were asked to ﬁll close-ended questionnaire to evaluate the use of Edmodo in News and Report Writing class. The ﬁnding from questionnaire revealed that the use of Edmodo had given positive effect to the students in the News and Report Writing class.
Derivation and Validation a Risk Model for Acute Kidney Injury and Subsequent Adverse Events After Cardiac Surgery: A Multicenter Cohort Study

Purpose To establish a risk model for acute kidney injury and subsequent adverse events in Chinese cardiac patients. Patients and Methods This study included 11,740 patients who had cardiac surgery at 14 institutions in China. Patients were randomly assigned to a derivation cohort (n = 8197) or a validation cohort (n = 3543). Variables ascertained during hospitalization were screened using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and logistic regression to construct a nomogram model. Model performance was evaluated using C-statistic, calibration curve, and Brier score. The nomogram was further compared with the five conventional models: Mehta score, Ng score, AKICS score, SRI score, and Cleveland Clinic score. Acute kidney injury was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Subsequent adverse events included mid-term outcomes: death from all causes and major adverse kidney events (defined as composite outcome of death from renal failure, dialysis, and advanced chronic kidney disease). Results Acute kidney injury occurred in 3237 (27.6%) patients. The model included 12 predictors. The total score generated from the nomogram ranged from 0 to 556. The nomogram achieved a C-statistic of 0.825 and 0.804 in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively, and had well-fitted calibration curves. The model performance of the nomogram was better than other five conventional models. After risk stratification, moderate-risk or high-risk groups were associated with significantly higher rates of death from all causes and major adverse kidney events compared with low-risk group during 7-year follow-up. Conclusion The nomogram could serve as an effective tool for predicting acute kidney injury and evaluating its subsequent adverse events after cardiac surgery.
Robust fixed-time trajectory tracking control of marine surface vessel with feedforward disturbance compensation

This paper proposes a novel robust fixed-time control approach for the trajectory tracking control of a fully actuated marine surface vessel (MSV) subject to system uncertainties and external disturbances. First, a nominal fixed-time controller is originally designed based on the bi-limit homogeneous method. The nominal fixed-time controller can guarantee the position and velocity tracking errors converge to zero in fixed time in the absence of lumped disturbance. Then, a new type of fixed-time disturbance observer is introduced to estimate the lumped disturbance in fixed time. Finally, a robust fixed-time controller is developed by integrating the nominal fixed-time controller with the fixed-time disturbance observer. The robust fixed-time controller can guarantee the position and velocity tracking errors converge to zero in fixed time even in the presence of lumped disturbance. Benefiting from the feedforward disturbance compensation, the robust fixed-time controller has the strong robustness and excellent disturbance attenuation capability. Numerical simulations and comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed control approach.
An Examination of Risk Profiles among Justice-Involved Girls: Do Race and Place Matter?

ABSTRACT Studies addressing risk factors among justice-involved girls in rural areas remain a neglected area of research. Following an intersectional framework, the current study examines the patterning of a broad range of risk factors and health needs, across urban and rural contexts, among arrested African American, Hispanic, and white females who participated in a public health service. Results from a latent class analysis suggest significant differences in substance use, physical health, depression, and trauma experiences among the racial/ethnic groups and across geographic setting. This study has implications for prevention, screening and assessment procedures of arrested youths, and intervention services in the juvenile justice system.
The roles of need satisfaction and passion in symptoms of behavioral addiction: The case of video gaming and gambling.

Integrating theoretical frameworks on psychological need satisfaction and passion, we suggest that a pathway toward behavioral addiction is the development of an obsessive passion for an activity. In two studies with samples of video game players (Study 1) and gamblers (Study 2) we considered need satisfaction and passion as motivational antecedents of symptoms of behavioral addiction. Additionally, Study 2 focused on different sources of need satisfaction (global and context-speci ﬁ c) to better understand the origins of passion and its role in behavioral addiction. Results of both studies suggested that harmonious passion for the activity was positively related to life satisfaction and unrelated to symptoms of behavioral addiction, while obsessive passion was positively related to symptoms of addiction. Furthermore, both studies found that need satisfaction within the activity was positively associated with the development of passion. However, lower levels of global need satisfaction were uniquely positively associated with higher levels of symptoms of behavioral addiction through the indirect effect of obsessive passion (Study 2). Overall, these ﬁ ndings point to a compensatory model such that high levels of obsessive passion may lead to symptoms of behavioral addiction when context-speci ﬁ c need satisfaction is high and global need satisfaction is low. This represents the ﬁ rst research to test the role of need satisfaction and passion in symptoms of behavioral addiction in two domains.
Towards Automated Detection of Higher-Order Command Injection Vulnerabilities in IoT Devices: Fuzzing With Dynamic Data Flow Analysis

Command injection vulnerabilities are among the most common and dangerous attack vectors in IoT devices. Current detection approaches can detect single-step injection vulnerabilities well by fuzzing tests. However, an attacker could inject malicious commands in an IoT device via a multi-step exploit if he first abuses an interface to store the injection payload and later use it in a command interpreter through another interface. We identify a large class of such multi-step injection attacks to address these stealthy and harmful threats and define them as higher-order command injection vulnerabilities (HOCIVs). We develop an automatic system named Request Linking (ReLink) to detect data stores that would be transferred to command interpreters and then identify HOCIVs. ReLink is validated on an experimental embedded system injected with 150 HOCIVs. According to the experimental results, ReLink is significantly better than existing command injection detection tools in terms of detection rate, test space and time.
Characterization of Gold Nanorods Conjugated with Synthetic Glycopolymers Using an Analytical Approach Based on spICP-SFMS and EAF4-MALS

A new comprehensive analytical approach based on single-particle inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry (spICP-SFMS) and electrical asymmetric-flow field-flow-fractionation combined with multi-angle light scattering detection (EAF4-MALS) has been examined for the characterization of galactosamine-terminated poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide)-coated gold nanorods (GNRs) in two different degrees of polymerization (DP) by tuning the feed ratio (short: DP 35; long: DP 60). spICP-SFMS provided information on the particle number concentration, size and size distribution of the GNRs, and was found to be useful as an orthogonal method for fast characterization of GNRs. Glycoconjugated GNRs were separated and characterized via EAF4-MALS in terms of their size and charge and compared to the bare GNRs. In contrast to spICP-SFMS, EAF4-MALS was also able of providing an estimate of the thickness of the glycopolymer coating on the GNRs surface.
Channa royi (Teleostei: Channidae): a new species of snakehead from Andaman Islands, India

A new species of snakehead fish Channa royi sp. nov., has been described based on 21 specimens collected from the South, Middle and North Andaman Islands, India. It is distinguished from all its congeners by a greenish-grey dorsum, pale brown to black pectoral fin with 2-3 inconspicuous semicircular bands, a series of 7-9 obliquely-arranged, saddle-like, dark olive to grey oblique streaks on green background on upper half of the body, 42-45 pored lateral-line scales, 12-13 branched caudal rays, 6-7 pre-dorsal scales, 43 vertebrae, two rows of teeth on the lower jaw, an outer row of numerous minute slender, pointed teeth and single inner row of large uniform sized teeth without any large canine like teeth on the anterior fourth of the lower jaw. Phylogenetically C. royi sp. nov. is closely related to C. harcourtbutleri, with a genetic distance (K2-P) of 2.4-2.8%, but morphologically differs in having greater inter-orbital width, fewer pelvic-fin rays (5 vs. 5-7, mode 6); fewer caudal-fin rays (ii- i, 10-12, i-ii vs. ii, 15, ii); more pre-dorsal scales (6-7 vs. 4) and fewer mid row lateral-line scales (9-13 vs. 15-16). Though Channa royi sp. nov. is a part of C. gachua species-group, it differs from the topotypic C. gachua from Bengal with higher pair-wise sequence distance of 19.5-20.9%.
Geomorphology of the southwest Sinus Sabaeus region: evidence for an ancient hydrological cycle on Mars

ABSTRACT We have produced a 1:650,000 scale geomorphological map of the southwest Sinus Sabaeus, a region of Mars approximately centered at 25.0°S and 6.5°E and located in the topographic transition between Arabia Terra and Noachis Terra, in the Martian highlands. This heavily cratered region, subjected to extensive surface erosion, shows a complex valley network system known as Marikh Vallis. In this work, we study the history and role of water in and around Marikh Vallis, focusing on the modification and evolution of this area during the earliest Martian times, the Noachian period. The map described in this paper was produced through the analysis of a combination of available imagery data, topography, and thermal inertia, which together allow defining different geomorphological units in this area. This new map provides a basis for identifying the ancient presence of water in the region, both in the liquid state and in the ice phase.
Multiple-Point Input and Time-Inverted Speech Signal for The ASVspoof 2021 Challenge

This paper describes the replay attack detection system we submitted to the ASVspoof 2021 challenge. We used two approaches to build the system: 1) multiple-point input for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and 2) using the phase spectrum of the time-inverted speech signal. Using multiple-point input improves detection accuracy by increasing the amount of information available at a single time. Combining the phase spectra of the original signal and the time-inverted signal reduces the within-class variance, resulting in higher detection accuracy. For each method, we built several subsystems using four kinds of CNN-based networks and five kinds of the combination methods. The final system we submitted was obtained by averaging the scores of all the subsystems. We achieved a min t-DCF of 0.7648 and an EER of 29.55% in the evaluation trials of ASVspoof 2021 physical access scenario.
Readability Assessment of HPV Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Information: A Systematic Scoping Review

It is important to provide information on HPV vaccination and on early detection and early treatment for cervical cancer. Readability is a key aspect in the success of cancer communication using written health information. We reviewed studies assessing the readability of information on HPV vaccination and cervical cancer. We conducted a systematic literature search in June 2021 using four online databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycArticles, and PsycINFO). Studies that assessed the readability level of online and offline information regarding HPV vaccination and cervical cancer were included in the review. Twelve articles were deemed fit for study inclusion. Our results showed that most of the materials assessed were difficult to read and higher than eighth-grade reading level. Few of the materials assessed were at the recommended grade 5–6 level or below. Readability assessments of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer information are scarce. Additional studies on the readability of information regarding HPV vaccination and cervical cancer are recommended. Health professionals should develop health information on HPV vaccination and cervical cancer that is easy to read.