Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature Storage of Micropropagated Plantlets under Selected Light Environments

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Botrytis Group 'Green Duke') and Hosta tokudama F. Maekawa 'Newberry Gold' plantlets, which were ready for transplanting after photo- autotrophic (sugar-free) culture, were stored 4 to 6 weeks at 5C under various light qualities and photosynthetic photon fluxes (PPF). Illumination during storage maintained quality, photosynthetic ability, and regrowth potential of plantlets stored at low tempera- ture. PPF affected quality of broccoli and Hosta plantlets. Broccoli plantlets responded to storage light quality, while Hosta did not. White light maintained the quality of broccoli plantlets better during 6 weeks of storage than did red or blue light. Red and blue light caused an increase in internode length and reduction in chlorophyll concentrations compared to white light. Photosynthetic and regrowth potentials of plantlets were not affected by spectral quality during storage. Considering changes in dry weight, stem length, and leaf yellowing, the quality of broccoli plantlets was best maintained under white light at 2 μmolm -2 •s -1 PPF. PPF and light quality were shown to be important factors in the preservation of transplant quality and suppression of growth of the plantlets during low-temperature storage.
Towards Classifying Devices on the Internet Using Artificial Intelligence

Hundreds of millions of devices are directly reachable by anyone on the Internet. Security researchers and malicious actors are highly interested in ICS, IoT, and building automation and networking devices that can be compromised to negatively affect either a specific person or organization or a whole country at once. The current approach for determining a class of individual device is to conduct a manual investigation or apply static rules to large sets of devices, which is timeconsuming and ineffective. We are proposing to utilize neural networks for automated classification.Many devices have a generic web interface supporting HTTP protocol. We have investigated which features of the HTTP responses from these devices are meaningful for training the neural network model and enabling classification of devices. We have trained neural network models and assessed their accuracy to be 87%. We are analysing the classified sets of the whole Internet scans consisting of tens of millions of devices and comparing them between the years 2018 and 2019 to identify the changes. This kind of all-encompassing view might reveal positive and negative trends that are happening to specific classes of devices, which might be correlated with real-world events, e.g. new policies issued by governments.
Evolutionary rates of land plant hemoglobins at the protein level

Three types of hemoglobins (Hbs) exist in land plants: symbiotic Hbs (including to leghemoglobins (Lbs)), non-symbiotic Hbs (nsHbs), and truncated Hbs (tHbs). Although a general phylogeny and evolution for land plant Hbs emerged over the last several years little is known about the evolutionary rate of this group of proteins. This work reports the rate of divergence of selected land plant Hbs using moss (Ceratodon purpureus and Physcomitrella patens) Hbs as query sequences. Results suggest that nsHbs evolved at high rates during the early diversification of land plants but slowed down previous to the origin of magnoliophyta, and that the rate of divergence was apparently higher in class 2 nsHbs and Lbs than in class 1 nsHbs. Also, results suggest that the tHb lineage evolved at a rather constant rate, although variation was also detected in primitive land plant tHbs. These observations suggest that Hbs were highly variable during the colonization of land by plants but divergence rates decreased along the evolution of land plants under the effect of stabilizing selection.
Review on QoS aware MAC protocols for multi-channel wireless sensor network

The ability to support multiple channels in wireless sensor network changes the technology behind the protocols. Operational technologies play an important role to fully utilize the advanced hardware’s. MAC protocols are fundamentally identified with channel allotment, space assignment, traffic adjustment, and so forth. In this survey, we explain the important points related to MAC protocols in WSNs. At the same time we concern about Quality of Services related to the MAC protocols mentioned in their papers. We focus on the basic problems which are usually present on the MAC protocols and the approach they are going to solve. We mention a brief description of each protocol and point out the pros and cons. In our overview, we saw that a significant number of the protocols are limited to some particular condition. We call attention to some particular open issues and future examination.
Morphological and molecular evidence of natural interspecific hybridization in the diploid potato Solanum kurtzianum from Argentina

The common potato, Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum, is a tetrasomic tetraploid. This subspecies has ap- proximately 220 related tuber-bearing species that constitute a genetic pool of enormous breeding value. The diploid spe- cies Solanum kurtzianum Bitter et Wittm. , described as resistant to drought and nematodes, grows in northwestern and western Argentina and can naturally hybridize with the related diploids Solanum chacoense Bitter, Solanum spegazzinii Bitter, and Solanum maglia Schltdl. , in areas of sympatry. In this species, the variability for morphological phenotypes and pollen-pistil relations in intra- and interspecific crosses is large. To investigate whether S. kurtzianum accessions available at the Germplasm Bank in Argentina belong to one taxon with great morphological plasticity or are hybrid and (or) segre- gant populations, these and accessions of the other three species were characterized using morphological and molecular (SSR) markers. Data were statistically analyzed with ANOVAs and AMOVA. With univariate ANOVA, only 11 characters out of 33 evaluated were statistically significant among species. With multivariate analyses, the grouping did not reflect a priori taxonomic assignments; when population averages were used, a tendency was observed towards grouping by geo- graphical origin. With the AMOVA, only individuals within accessions were separated. Interspecific hybridization and in- trogression in areas of sympatry can explain these results.
The effect of allelic variation on forage quality of brown midrib sorghum mutants with reduced caffeic acid O-methyl transferase activity.

Sorghum brown midrib (bmr) mutants have reddish-brown vascular tissues in their leaves and stems as a result of changes in lignin content and subunit composition. Past research at Purdue University has generated a set of bmr sorghum mutants via chemical mutagenesis and established some to be allelic to each other. More recently, we identified additional spontaneous mutants in true breeding lines with marked phenotype and a range of agronomic characteristics. One such mutant, bmr-26, is of particular interest because it arose in a drought-tolerant sorghum line. Analysis of testcross hybrids between this spontaneous bmr mutant and the chemically induced mutants, bmr-6 and bmr-12, showed that the bmr-26 allele was allelic to bmr-12 and not to bmr-6. Both the bmr-12 and the bmr-26 mutations significantly reduced lignin content in leaf, blade, sheath, stem, and panicle tissue. The effect of the mutation was relatively more severe in bmr-12 than in bmr-26. The impact of the two mutations on cell wall composition in different tissues varied. The biggest effect of the bmr-12 mutation was in reduction of lignin in the sheath, whereas lignin content in panicles was more affected by the bmr-26 mutation. This suggested an allele-specific effect in tissue lignin reduction of these mutants. Cellulose and hemicellulose concentrations were also significantly higher in certain tissue types for both the induced and spontaneous mutants. Forage quality traits including percent NDF and ADF were significantly increased by both mutations. Improvement in in vitro dry matter digestibility as a result of the bmr-26 mutation was relatively small and was not proportional to the reduction in the lignin content. Key words: Acid detergent fiber (ADF), bmr, brown midrib, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), lignin, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Sorghum bicolor.
Design of a Thin Broadband Metamaterial Absorber Based on Resistance Frequency Selective Surface

─ A thin broadband metamaterial absorber with Resistive Frequency Selective Surface (RFSS) is presented. The absorber maintains a good performance over a broad operating frequency band with low profile. It is designed by a class of periodic artificial electromagnetic structures and the unit cell of the proposed absorber is composed of resistively loaded square loops with different sizes. By combining multiple resonant square loops (MRSL) of different geometries on a single layer structure, the absorption spectrum is greatly expanded. Simulation results show that the absorption coefficient is greater than 85% from 7.9GHz to 18.9GHz, while the thickness of the whole structure is 0. 1λ (the free space wavelength) at the lowest operation frequency. A prototype was fabricated and measured in an anechoic chamber to validate the proposed design method. Favorable agreement among the full-wave simulation result and measurement result was achieved. Index Terms ─ Broadband absorber, multiple resonant, resistive frequency selective surface.
Nerve growth factor regulates TNF‐α production in mouse macrophages via MAP kinase activation

In this study, we examined the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptors in mouse macrophages and the mechanisms involved in the effect of NGF on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α production. Macrophages expressed NGF and the NGF receptors TrkA and p75. Treatment of J744 cells or peritoneal macrophages with NGF induced a large increase in the production of TNF‐α. In addition, NGF induced the secretion of nitric oxide in interferon‐γ‐treated J774 cells or lipopolysaccharide‐treated peritoneal macrophages. The induction of TNF‐α production by NGF was blocked by K252a, an inhibitor of the TrkA receptor. NGF induced phosphorylation and activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, Erk1/Erk2 and c‐Jun amino‐terminal kinase, whereas it did not induce phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase. Inhibition of the MAP kinase‐Erk kinase pathway with PD 098059 decreased the secretion of TNF‐α by NGF. Our results suggest that NGF has an important role in the activation of macrophages during inflammatory responses via activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases.
Antioxidant potential of Baccharis incarum: isolation of bioactive metabolites

INTRODUCTION The genus Baccharis, one of the important genera of the tribe Astereae includes approximately 500 species. Its geographical distribution is exclusively American. It is represented by 96 species in Argentina (Giuliano, 2001). The selected species for the present study, Baccharis incarum, grows at 3800 meters above sea level (Antofagasta de la Sierra, Province of Catamarca, Puna de Atacama, Argentina) in areas of arid climate, low atmospheric pressure, wide range of temperatures and high solar radiation. It is popularly known as ‘bleach’ (‘lejia’) and it is commonly used by the inhabitants to protect stomach and liver, restore blood circulation, reduce inflammatory processes and cure ulcers, burns and skin wounds. It is also used as fuel and cattle fodder. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of aerial parts of B. incarum and to isolate and purify the compound responsible for the activity.
Remodeling of the left heart in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease after mitral valve replacement with preservation of subvalvular structures

Objectives: to evaluate the advantage of preserving the subvalvular structures of the mitral valve from both leaflets compared with the preservation of the subvalvular structures only from the posterior valve during mitral valve replacement surgery (MVR). Methods: A retrospective analysis of case histories of 41 patients with isolated rheumatic lesions of the mitral valve who underwent MVR, which were divided into 2 groups: with complete preservation of subvalvular structures (n = 24) and preservation of only the posterior leaflet (n = 17), was performed. Results: In the group with complete preservation of the chordal-papillary apparatus, there was a significant decrease in the end-systolic volume (p<0.05) and a slight increase in the ejection fraction of the left ventricle in the immediate postoperative period compared with the group with the preservation of the chordal-papillary apparatus only from the posterior cusp, where end-systolic volume decreased slightly (p&qt;0.05) and the ejection fraction of the left ventricle remained at the same levels. Conclusion: Our preliminary results of the study indicate better remodeling and optimization of the geometry of the left ventricle when assessing the closest postoperative parameters in a group of patients with preservation of chordo-papillary structures of both leaflets, both the anterior and the posterior leaflets.
Qualidade da Forragem e dos Componentes de Híbridos de Milho de Diferente Degradabilidade da Matéria Seca

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da forragem e dos componentes de hibridos de milho de alta e baixa degradabilidade da materia seca em tres epocas de corte e em duas epocas de semeadura. Oito hibridos de milho de diferentes caracteristicas agronomicas reunidos em grupos de alta degradabilidade (DEG) da materia seca e baixa degradabilidade da materia seca foram avaliados em dois experimentos com semeadura realizada em 11/11/2007 (NOV) e 12/12/2007 (DEZ) sob sistema convencional de cultivo. Os hibridos foram colhidos em tres estadios de maturacao dos graos, meia linha de leite (½ LL), tres quartos da linha de leite (¾ LL) e camada negra (CN). O avanco na maturidade afeta a degradabilidade (DEG), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e FDN degradavel da planta inteira e seus componentes, exceto para FDN degradavel de colmo. O grupo de alta degradabilidade da materia seca apresenta melhores valores de DEG, FDN e FDN degradavel para todos os componentes exceto FDN de palha, FDN degradavel de folha e FDN degradavel de palha que nao apresentaram diferencas entre os grupos avaliados. A interacao nao significativa entre grupos x epocas de corte para todas as variaveis evidencia a melhor qualidade dos hibridos de alta degradabilidade da materia seca com o avanco da maturidade da planta. O atraso na semeadura afetou a degradabilidade dos componentes folhas, palhas e graos, alem dos teores de FDN de palha, sabugo e FDN degradavel de folha, porem nao alterou os parâmetros associados a planta inteira.
Quality of Life Assessment in Patients with Malocclusion Undergoing Orthodontic and Orthognathic Treatment

Abstract Introduction The objective of this study was to assess pre-treatment quality of life and the relevant clinical variables in adult patients with malocclusion in order to improve orthodontic treatment strategies. Methods The study was conducted in 240 consecutive adult patients with malocclusions divided into two groups: patients for whom an orthodontic treatment plan was considered, and patients for whom an orthognathic treatment plan was selected. Patients were examined between December 2015 and February 2017, at the School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade. Malocclusion severity was recorded using the Peer Assessment Rating index pre-treatment score. Skeletal malocclusion parameters were measured using lateral cephalometric radiographs. Quality of life was assessed by means of a generic questionnaire (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36)), and the disease-specific Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ). Results There were significant differences in the mean values of the OQLQ domain scores between orthodontic and orthognathic patients. Patients for whom orthodontic treatment was planned had statistically significantly lower scores in comparison to those for whom orthognathic treatment was planned. This was the case in all OQLQ domains except for “Awareness of facial deformity”. Statistically significant correlations (p<0.05) were presented between OQLQ scores and following demographic and clinical variables: gender, age, malocclusion severity, maxillary and mandibular sagittal, maxillary vertical, and lower incisor positions, intermaxillary angle, and the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory levels. The independent predictors for the planning of orthodontic and orthognathic treatment in patients with malocclusion were two OQLQ domains, “Facial aesthetics” and “Awareness of facial deformity”, as well as total OQLQ score, after adjustment for demographic characteristics, skeletal parameters, anxiety and depression. Conclusions Our findings suggest that patients for whom orthodontic treatment was planned demonstrated better quality of life according to the OQLQ scores in comparison to those for whom orthognathic therapy was planned.
Establishment of a mouse model for post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation

Post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a common cutaneous condition that can cause a disfigured appearance. However, the pathophysiology of PIH remains poorly understood, at least in part, because an appropriate animal model for research has not been established. In order to analyze the pathomechanism of PIH, we successfully induced PIH in a hairless version of transgenic mice (hk14‐SCF Tg/HRM) that have a human‐type epidermis containing melanin by repeated hapten application of 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene. Histopathologic observation showed epidermal hyperplasia, predominant infiltrations of inflammatory cells, and melanin‐containing cells in the dermis just after elicitation of the atopic dermatitis‐like condition. At week 2, the findings were similar to the characteristics of PIH, that is, an increase of melanin without spongiosis or liquid degeneration in the epidermis and an increase in dermal melanophages. Dynamic analysis of melanin showed that the melanin in the dermis remained for a longer duration than in the epidermis. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed that the majority of cells containing melanin were positive for the anti‐CD68 antibody, but negative for the anti‐F4/80 antibody. These data suggest that novel treatments of PIH should be targeted against macrophages and should eventually lead to the development of new treatment modalities.
Purification and characterization of a laccase from the basidiomycete Funalia trogii (Berk.) isolated in Tanzania

A lignolytic basidiomycete fungus, Funalia trogii (Berk.), was isolated from decayed wood in coastal Tanzania and cultivated in submerged culture. Initially screened crude enzyme filtrate showed complete rhemazol brilliant blue - R (RBBR) decolorization 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonate and guaiacol oxidation after 7 days of incubation. The fungal filtrate had maximum laccase activity of 593 U/ml after 15 days of incubation. A laccase was purified by anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography to good purity as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and isoelectric focusing (IEF). The isolated main component had a molecular weight of ca 58 kDa as determined by MS and an isoelectric point (pI) of 3.8. The optimal pH and temperature range for the purified laccase were 4.0 - 5.0 and 50 - 70 oC, respectively, using 2, 6-dimethoxyphenol as a substrate. Key words: Funalia trogii, laccase, anion exchange chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing.
Xanthan gum protects temporomandibular chondrocytes from IL-1β through Pin1/NF-κB signaling pathway

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a complicated and multi-factorial disease related to inflammation and cartilage destruction. Intra-articular injection of xanthan gum (XG) has been demonstrated to protect the joint cartilage and reduce osteoarthritis progression. However, the role and mechanism of XG in TMD is still unclear. In the present study, chondrocytes were isolated from rats and identified by immunofluorescence. Cells were stimulated by XG or interleukin (IL)-1β. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-6 levels were determined by ELISA. The expression of monocyte chemoattractive protein-1 (MCP-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), collagens, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), peptidyl-prolyl isomerase 1 (Pin1) and phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 (p-p65) was analyzed by quantitative PCR or western blotting. MMP activity was assessed by gelatin zymography. Compared with the control, XG treatment partially reversed the IL-1β-reduced cell viability. In addition, IL-1β stimulation increased inflammatory cytokine expression, including TNF-α, IL-6 secretion, MCP-1 and iNOS expression, whereas XG treatment reduced the expression of these inflammatory cytokines compared with that of the IL-1β-stimulated cells. Additionally, XG increased the expression of collagen, but reduced MMP expression and activity as compared with that in the IL-1β group. In addition, XG treatment prevented the IL-1β-increased Pin1 and p-p65 expression. These data suggested that XG reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and may maintain the balance between collagens and MMPs partially through the Pin1/NF-κB signaling pathway in IL-1β-stimulated temporomandibular chondrocytes. Therefore, XG may be useful in the treatment of TMD.
Computed Tomography Image Analysis and Clinical Correlations of Retromaxillary Cells

Objective: This study aimed to investigate and analyze the anatomic characteristics of the retromaxillary cell (RMC) by using computed tomography (CT) images of paranasal sinuses and to improve its identification with ethmomaxillary sinus (EMS). Methods: The paranasal sinus CT scans of 441 outpatients or inpatients in our hospital from January 2018 to October 2018 were analyzed. The incidence of RMC, EMS, Haller cell, imaging anatomical characteristics, and morphological manifestations were observed via sinus CTs. The relationship of RMC and ipsilateral maxillary sinusitis was analyzed. Results: The incidence of RMC is 83.90% (740/882). The incidence of males and females was 83.81% (414/494) and 84.02% (326/388), respectively. The incidence of bilateral (72.79%, 321/441) was much higher than that of unilateral (22.22%, 98/441). The lateral extension of the RMC ranged from 1.18 to 13.31 mm, with an average of 6.10 ± 2.03 mm. The incidence of ipsilateral maxillary sinus opacification on the RMC sides and non-RMC sides has no significance difference (χ2 = .054, P = .459). The incidence of Haller cell and EMS decreased significantly in the presence of RMC (P < .01). Conclusion: The RMC is an anatomical variation originating from posterior ethmoid cells, which is commonly encountered in the clinic. The pneumatization of RMC is highly variable, and a bilateral is common. During endoscopic sinus surgery, it is necessary to carefully identify such an air cell to ensure the complete opening of the paranasal sinus during surgery.