Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation Study of Supervised and Unsupervised Calcification-Algorithms Used to Detection of Melanoma

Melanoma is a leading fatal illness responsible for 80% of deaths from skin cancer. It originates in the pigment-producing melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis. Melanocytes produce the melanin, (the dark pigment), which is responsible for the color of skin. As all cancers, melanoma is caused by damage to the DNA of the cells, which causes the cell to grow out of control, leading to a tumor, which is much more dangerous, if it cannot be found or detected early. Only biopsy can determine exact malformation diagnose, though it can rise metastasizing. When a melanoma is suspected, the usual standard procedure is to perform a biopsy and to subsequently analyze the suspicious tissue under the microscope. In this Paper, we provide a new approach using methods known as "Imaging Spectroscopy" or "Spectral Imaging" for early detection of melanoma. Spectral imaging can fill this gap of the classical imaging, which carries little spectral information while spectroscopy is severely limited in terms of measuring (potentially) inhomogeneous samples. Three different classifiers were applied, Maximum Likelihood ML and Spectral Angle Mapper SAM and K-Means. SAM rests on the spectral "angular distances" and the conventional classifier ML rests on the spectral distance concept. SAM and ML are two methods of the supported classification routines and K-Means is the known unsupported classification (clustering) algorithm
Integrating heterogeneous landscape characteristics into watershed scale modelling

Abstract. Two versions of the SWAT-model with different dominating runoff generation processes have been applied. One version comprises the original available SWAT version where only the basic input data are used. In the second version SWAT has been modified, by the integration of an impermeable layer at the subbasin level, in order to better reflect the boundary between soil and bedrock that results in increased lateral flow in low mountain ranges. As well, since conventional German soil maps do not describe soil horizons beyond 2 m depth, we also added a 4 m fixed depth in the lowland areas in order to reflect the deep loess deposits in this region. The decision for the location of the impermeable and the additional loess layer was based on a GIS analysis of additional geologic information. This study revealed that both model versions produced acceptable and comparable results regarding the evaluated goodness of fit measures. The GLUE analysis showed that the SWAT model set up with additional information about the distribution of impervious soil layers and the loess depth in the lowlands produced the highest simulation quality and the lowest uncertainty. Moreover, SWAT II version was able to better represent the spatial extend of the dominating runoff processes best. This leads to the conclusion that the SWAT II version is better suited for scenario analysis than the original model version.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with osteochondrosis dissecans in Warmblood horses at different stages of training

The genetic background of osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) has been studied for years, but the compatibility of the position of markers has not been reached between results, probably because of unknown additional effects that may influence the results, such as definition of the trait, gene–environmental interactions and the dynamics of trait development. The aim of the study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with the occurrence of OCD in Polish Warmblood sport breed horses in two different stages of training. Warmblood horses (87 stallions and 114 mares) were phenotyped and genotyped. Horses were X-rayed twice, at the beginning and at the end of the tests (100 days for stallions and 60 days for mares). Ten images per horse were collected using digital equipment for the fetlocks, stifles and hocks. The DNA was genotyped using the Illumina Neogen Equine Array. Statistical analysis included the Cochran–Armitage test and logistic regression assuming an additive model of inheritance. The Monte Carlo Markov Chain method was also applied to determine heritability coefficients. Nineteen and twenty SNP were identified that were significantly associated with OCD using logistic regression at the first and second stage of training, respectively. Four SNP were significant for both stages of training. The estimation of the heritability of a horse’s OCD status does not achieve the same level at different stages of training. The study on the genetic background of horse OCD should include as much detailed information on their training as possible.
Sensitivity Analysis for SCIAMACHY Ozone Limb Retrieval

Limb measurements performed by the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) on the ENVISAT satellite enable a retrieval of stratospheric profiles for various trace gases on a global scale. The operational SCIAMACHY L1b-2 processor was developed on behalf of ESA at German Aerospace Center (DLR). The more sophisticated, so called “scientific”, version of the operational processor without any operational constraints is developed parallel and give us free hand for all sorts of experiments. In this paper we analyze different inversion models suitable for the ozone retrieval from SCIAMACHY limb measurement data. This analysis is performed by means of the scientific processor. The inversion algorithms comprise differential and absolute radiance models with multiple spectral windows as well as the radiance model together with Chappuis triplets. The sensitivity of the retrieval algorithm in dependance on the chosen inversion model is investigated and discussed. Since till now the operational ozone limb retrieval was performed up to 45 km only, special attention is given to the upper stratosphere (45 - 65 km). A large class of regularization methods as for instance, the Tikhonov regularization, the iteratively regularized Gauss-Newton method, the regularizing Levenberg-Marquardt method, the asymptotical regularization approach and the regularized total least-squares method can be used in the scientific processor. Their efficiency is tested and test results are presented in the paper. The impact of a Picard iteration model for simulating the radiating transfer in a two-dimensional spherical shell atmosphere is also discussed.
Reduced Repetition Blindness for One's Own Name

We report a series of studies demonstrating reduced repetition blindness (RB) for one's own name. Participants searched RSVP streams for their own name and another name, and reported how many times these names appeared in each stream. In half of the streams containing two names, the same name was repeated; in the other half, the two names were different. Half of the repetitions were the participant's own name, half were another name. The results showed large RB for the “other name” condition, and attenuated, but significant, RB for the “own name” condition. This reduction in RB for the participant's own name was found when participants searched for the target names among nouns, among other names, and when participants just detected the presence or absence of the second name. Reduced RB for one's own name helps to reduce previous uncertainty regarding the existence of lexical and conceptual RB for words.
Detection of rare items with TARGET

In our new information-based economy, the need to detect a small number of relevant and useful items from a large database arises very often. Standard classifiers such as decision trees and neural networks are often used directly as a detection algorithm. We argue that such an approach is not optimal because these classifiers are almost always built to optimize a criterion that is suitable only for classification but not for detection. For detection of rare items, the misclassification rate and other closely associated criteria are largely irrelevant; what matters is whether the algorithm can rank the few useful items ahead of the rest, something better measured by the area under the ROC curve or the notion of the average precision (AP). We use the genetic algorithm to build decision trees by optimizing the AP directly, and compare the performance of our algorithm with a number of standard tree-based classifiers using both simulated and real data sets.
Review of Security in VANETs and MANETs

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) and Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) are autonomous systems connected by wireless communication on a peer-to-peer basis. They are self-organized, self-configured, and self-controlled infrastructure-less networks. These kinds of networks have the advantage of being able to be set-up and deployed anywhere and anytime because it has a simple infrastructure set-up and no central administration. Distributing information between these nodes over long ranges in such networks, however, is a very challenging task, since sharing information always has a risk attached to it, especially when the information is confidential. The disclosure of such information to anyone else other than the intended parties could be extremely damaging. They are explored in this chapter
Local and sectoral import spillovers in Sweden

In this paper I investigate the relevance and explore the nature of import spillovers on the firms' decision to start importing using an exceptionally detailed data set on Swedish firms' imports, at the product-level and by source-country, spanning the period between 1997 and 2011. I study whether the presence of established importers located in the same area and/or operating in the same industry influences the import behavior of individual firms. The import side of trade has received relatively less attention in the literature and this tendency carries over to the study of spillovers that have mainly been researched from the exporters' perspective. There are however reasons to believe that import spillovers are indeed a relevant phenomenon. This paper bridges the gap in the literature and further contributes to the understanding of import spillovers by laying out a theoretical framework that formalizes the main forces at play. I develop a model for firms' import decisions featuring heterogeneous firms, product and country specific fixed costs of sourcing while additionally accommodating spillovers. To the best of my knowledge, this is one of only a handful of papers to study spillovers for import activities, and the first to provide theoretical insights for this mechanism.
Adaptation of International Accounting Standards: Case of Portugal

This chapter aims to present the results of a broad analysis about the process of account- ing standardization in Portugal in order to frame the current situation and the different levels of standardization that characterize it. The methodology followed involves a broad revision of the literature and content analysis on various papers and texts as well on documents directly related with the study topic. It concludes with the identification and characterization of the current levels of accounting standardization and makes reference to the likely scenario of this regulatory framework in the short term. The objective is to understand how the evolution of accounting standards in Portugal has evolved, what the current situation is and its likely evolution in the near future. The chapter is also aimed at contributing to the understanding of the process of adaptation of international accounting standards to the Portuguese reality.
Temper and Temperature: The Missing Link of Climate on Armed Conflicts

We investigate the causes of an internal conflict by adding ambient climate factors to the existing bundle of most significant variables. It turns out that – controlling for possible associations – temperature could actually induce a conflict. We emphasise that temperature could not be a dominant reason in starting a conflict; however, it could escalate the chances when other factors are present. This paper mentions some of the related psychological studies to support this claim. We also show that grievance factors could actually be rightfully effective in starting an internal conflict alongside greed based reasons. In the end, we believe that it could be constructive to study ambient factors more often in economics.
ENVELOPE MATCHING FOR AN 8 GEV MULTI-SPECIES SUPERCONDUCTING LINAC

Fermilab is investigating the feasibility of an economical 8 GeV superconducting linac for H − and electrons using existing cavity and cryostat designs from diverse sources. Only four geometrical ¯ β values are used in spanning the velocity range β = 0.40 – 0.99; therefore beam phase and rf focusing vary widely over short distances. Because only four distinct cryostat layouts are planned, the transverse envelopes are not easily matched with a simple quad excitation rule. Irregular spacing of the gaps and substantial drifts at cryostat ends give rise to appreciable bunch shape oscillation. This paper describes to what degree it has been possible to regulate the envelopes and phase advances. The result is what could be called a fine-tuned or continual rematching pattern of quad strengths. The motivation for design choices as well as current layouts and parameters may be found at http://tdserver1.fnal. gov/project/8gevlinac
Separation and Concentration without Clogging Using a High-Throughput Tunable Filter

We present a detailed experimental study of a hydrodynamic filtration microchip, and show how chip performance can be tuned and clogging avoided by adjusting the flow rates. We demonstrate concentration and separation of microspheres at throughputs as high as 29 mL/min and with 96 % pureness. Results of streakline visualizations show that the thickness of a tunable filtration layer dictates the cut-off size and that two different concentration mechanisms exist. Particles larger than pores are concentrated by low-velocity rolling over the filtration pillars while particles smaller than pores are concentrated by lateral drift across the filtration layer. Results of Particle Image Velocimetry (μPIV) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) show that the degree of lateral migration can be quantified by the slip velocity between the particle and surrounding fluid. Finally, by utilizing differences in inertia and separation mode, we demonstrate size-based separation of particles in a mixture.
Relationship between epistemological beliefs and motivational orientation among high school students

Relationship between epistemological beliefs and motivational orientation of high school students was studied and their relationship with school majoring, GPA and gender. To estimate epistemological beliefs and motivational orientation Schommer’s Epistemological Questionnaire (EQ) and Work Preference Inventory (WPI) were used. Through factor analysis of EQ 5 factors were extracted, that differ from those Schommer singled out. Negative correlation between naive epistemological beliefs on one side, and intrinsic (-0.327, p Avoiding relating, ambiguity and dependence on authority (F=16.899, df=1, p
Effect of Dried Thyme Pulp ( Tymbra Spicata L . spicata ) on Fermantation Quality and In Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility of Meadow Grass and Alfalfa Silages

The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible effect of dried Thyme (Thymbra spicata L.) pulp (DTP) on first-cut meadow grass (Poa trivialis L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage fermantation parameters and in vitro organic matter digestility. Experimental silage consisted of four replicates for each silage group (Grass, (G) and Alfalfa (L), respectively). Each silages groups were supplemented with DTP at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0% level, respectively. The silos were stored for 60 d at room temperature (about 22°C). Results showed that silages added with DTP had higher amounts of NDF, acetic acid and propionic acid whlist lower amounts of lactic acid and NH3N-TN compared to those of control (P<0.001). DTP significantly reduced microbial load of silage opened at 60 days without changing lactobacilli (P<0.001). It was concluded that the reducing in the load of undesirable microorganisms (Enterobacter, yeast and mould) without causing a decline in the number of lactobacilli could be provided significantly advantages in terms of improving the aerobic stability of the silages.
Applying a GIS-based Fuzzy Method to Identify Suitable Locations for Solar Kilns

The aim of this study was to identify suitable locations for solar kilns in Vientiane, the capital of Laos, based on geographical and climatic conditions and restricted areas. The criteria of the parameters, which were incorporated with Fuzzy membership functions, were used to create layers in the ArcGIS environment to draw maps of suitability. Climatic parameters, based on the Fuzzy method, were used to investigate the period of productive performance for solar kilns. The results showed a range of possible locations. The most suitable locations were in flat areas near roads. They were far from protected areas, rivers, and flood prone areas. The most productive performance period for operating solar kilns was from November until May.
Comparing House Prices Across Regions and Time: An Hedonic Approach

Panel hedonic comparisons can be made using the region-time-dummy method. This method is a natural extension of the well known time-dummy and region-dummy methods which have been used extensively in the hedonic literature. We show that these methods are all affected by substitution bias, which can seriously distort their results. We propose an alternative approach that is free of substitution bias which builds up panel comparisons from bilateral building blocks using the hedonic imputation method. This approach is very flexible. We consider a number of variants on this method, all of which are likely to be improvements on the unconstrained region-time-dummy method. We illustrate our findings using data for 14 regions in Sydney over a six year period. We find clear evidence of bias in the region-time-dummy results as well as in simple average measures such as the median that fail to adjust for quality change. For these reasons we favor the hedonic imputations approach.
Phylogenetic and Maturity Analyses of Sixty Soybean Genotypes Used for DNA Marker Development of Early Maturity Quantitative Trait Loci in Soybean

Phylogenetic and Maturity Analyses of Sixty Soybean Genotypes Used for DNA Marker Development of Early Maturity Quantitative Trait Loci in Soybean. I Made Tasma, Dani Satyawan, Ahmad Warsun, Muhamad Yunus, and Budi Santosa. The Indonesian soybean productivity is still very low with the national average of 1.3 t/ha. One means to improve national soybean productivity is by manipulating harvest index by cultivating very early maturing soybean cultivars. Development of early maturing soybean cultivars can be expedited by using marker-aided selection. The objective of this study was to select parental lines having contrasted maturity traits and selected parents must be genetically distance. The parents then were used to develop F2 populations for detecting early maturity QTL in soybean. Maturity tests of 60 soybean genotypes were conducted at two locations, Cikeumeuh (Bogor) and Pacet (Cianjur) using a randomized block design with three replications. Genomic DNA of the 60 genotypes were analyzed using 18 SSR markers and genetic relationship was constructed using the Unweighted Pair-Group Method Arithmatic through Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate System program version 2.1-pc. Results showed that the 60 genotypes demonstrated normal distribution in both locations for days to R1 (32-48d), days to R3 (35-55d), days to R7 (75-92d), and days to R8 (78-99d). Four early maturing genotypes and three late genotypes were obtained. Total SSR alleles observed were 237 with average allele per locus of 12.6 (3-29), and average PIC value of 0.78 (0.55-0.89). Genetic similarity among genotypes ranges from 74.8-95%. At similarity level 77% divided the genotypes into six clusters (the four selected early maturing genotypes located in clusters III and IV, while the three late genotypes located in cluster II). Based on maturity data, pubescent color, and phygenetic analysis seven parents were selected (four early maturing genotypes B1430, B2973, B3611, B4433 and three late genotypes B1635, B1658, and B3570). Twelve F2 populations were developed with the aid of SSR markers Satt300 dan Satt516. Two of the populations will be used to develop DNA markers for earliness in soybean.
Design of outer rotor field excitation flux switching motor for direct-drive application

This thesis contributes to a better understanding of the design and analysis of a 12S- 14P three phase Outer Rotor Field Excitation Flux Switching Motor (OR-FEFSM) for direct-drive applications in Electric Vehicles (EV). Research work on the 12S-14P inner-rotor FEFSM carried out by others have reported a maximum torque figure of 226.12Nm and a power output of 127.61kW. The research work carried out in this thesis focuses on the design and analysis a class of 12S-nP three-phase Outer Rotor Field Excitation Flux Switching Motor (OR-FEFSM) configurations, where n is the number of poles of the motor. In particular, a total of five rotor pole configuration namely the 12S-10P, 12S-14P, 12S-16P, 12S-20P and 12S-22P configuration were investigated. Performance analysis of the torque and power versus speed characteristics were carried out using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software developed by JMAG Designer, version 13.0 which is able to calculate torque and power figures to six decimal places of accuracy. The optimum structure for ORFEFSM was identified by conducting an extensive search in 2-D parameter space with constant diameter and stack length using the Deterministic Optimisation Method (DOM), which gives optimum output torque and power figures upon convergence. The simulation results obtained showed that 12S-14P was the optimal rotor pole configuration where a torque figure of 221.38 Nm and 186kW power output was obtained, which is 5.41% greater than the targeted performance specifications. The simulation results also showed that the 12S-14P rotor configuration can reach an efficiency figure as high as 73.33% in normal driving conditions.
Enterprise resource planning systems and the effects on management control

This thesis investigates how changes regarding Management Control (MC) systems can be explained in response to an implementation of an ERP system, considering the pre-set objectives of the implementation. For this investigation, a single positivistic case study is conducted at BP, a firm which produces designer furniture and sells them to furniture stores. BP decided to implement the ERP system of ISP, a provider of business software specific for the roller shutters and solar protection industry, in 2004. From the literature study it is concluded that the results, regarding the changes of MC that ERP implementations may entail, are inconsistent. In current literature, there is no explicit distinction made between a strategic implementation and a technical implementation. The latter is usually applicable in practice and involves little or no change in MC. This distinction can be the reason behind the inconsistent results of previous research in this area. The results of this thesis show that the implementation of the ERP system at BT concerns a technical implementation and only limited changes in MC have occurred. The main reason is that when there is a case of a technical implementation, only an integration of existing processes takes place. This contrasts with a strategic implementation, in which processes are fundamentally redesigned and thereby, involves the expectation that there are changes regarding MC.