Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Total and regional ASPECT score for non-contrast CT, CT angiography, and CT perfusion: inter-rater agreement and its association with the final infarction in acute ischemic stroke patients

Background Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) is a grading system to assess the extent and distribution of early ischemic changes. Purpose To assess inter-rater agreement for total and regional ASPECTS on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) images, CT angiography source images (CTA-SI), and CT-perfusion cerebral blood volume (CTP-CBV) maps, and their association with final infarction in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Material and Methods A total of 96 consecutive patients with AIS who underwent pre-treatment NCCT and CTP were retrospectively enrolled. CTA-SI was reconstructed using the raw data of CTP. Total and regional ASPECTS were assessed on baseline NCCT, CTA-SI, and CTP-CBV, and on follow-up NCCT or diffusion-weighted imaging. Follow-up ASPECTS served as the reference standard for final infarction. Results CTP-CBV demonstrated higher concordance for total ASPECTS (interclass correlation coefficient, 0.895 vs. 0.771 vs. 0.777) and regional ASPECTS in internal capsule, lentiform, caudate nuclei, M5 and M6, compared with NCCT and CTA-SI. CTP-CBV showed a trend of stronger correlation with final ASPECTS than NCCT and CTA-SI (0.717 vs. 0.711 vs. 0.565; P > 0.05). ASPECTS in the internal capsule (ρ, 0.756 vs. 0.556; P = 0.016) and caudate nucleus (ρ, 0.717 vs. 0.476; P = 0.010) on CTP-CBV were more strongly correlated with follow-up ASPECTS than NCCT. CTP-CBV showed higher accuracy for predicting final infarction in the internal capsule (92.5% vs. 90.3% and 87.1%; P > 1.000, P = 0.125, respectively) and caudate nucleus (87.1% vs. 79.6% and 77.4%; P = 0.453, P = 0.039, respectively) than CTA-SI and NCCT. Conclusion CTP-CBV ASPECTS might be more reliable for delineating early ischemic changes and predicting final infarction.
Identification of Iranian BHK-21-C5 Cell Line by Two Steps Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Authentication of animal cell lines in cell banks is one of the most important programs regulated during cell culture and storage. This operation provides a thorough and beneficial document which can be advantageous for the functional use of animal cell lines. Therefore, various procedures are used to prevent misidentified cells, cross-contamination to other cell lines, and mislabeling errors leading to incorrect assessment. These contaminants can result in major financial disadvantages. One of the practical methods in this field is a molecular procedure which can demonstrate more accurate results. In the present study, the BHK-21 (C5) was characterized, and it was tried to determine the identity of BHK-21 (C5) as a continuous cell line by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) molecular procedure in Iran. The cytochrome c oxidase I (CO1) gene was selected as a prevalent DNA fragment for the authentication of the BHK-21 (C5) cell line, along with six cell lines, including Chinese hamster ovary, Lamb kidney, Razi Bovine Kidney, Medical Research Council cell strain 5, Monkey Green Kidney, and Goat Lymphocyte. After amplification, PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis to ensure their accuracy. The results of characterization were indicated, cell viability was estimated to be about 92%, and a uniform cell culture was obtained. The doubling time and µ ratio equivalent were obtained at 20.5 h and 0.03, respectively. Sterility tests revealed that the cell seed was free of bacterial, mycoplasma, and mycobacterial infections. The results of molecular identification revealed that the identification of this cell line was approved and can be used in studies, diagnosis, production, and quality control of biological products.
The In Vitro Evaluation of Preosteoblast Migration From 3-D-printed Scaffolds to Decontaminated Smooth and Minimally Rough Titanium Surfaces: A Pilot Study

In vitro evaluations are essential to gaining a better understanding of re-osseointegration, while reducing animal use and the overall costs of peri-implantitis studies. This pilot study evaluated preosteoblast migration from 3-D-printed scaffolds to decontaminated titanium microimplants, creating a system that tries to mimic the bone–implant interface. Smooth (S) and minimally rough (R) titanium microimplants were incubated in Escherichia coli cultures and divided into six groups according to the decontamination protocol applied: EDTA gel (EDTA); chlorhexidine (CHL); chlorhexidine-soaked gauze (GCHL); scaling (SC); titanium brush (TiB); and implantoplasty (IP). Pristine S and R microimplants were used as the controls (C). After the decontamination procedures, the microimplants were inserted in 3-D-printed polyurethane-based scaffolds previously inoculated with preosteoblast cell cultures. Cellular migration was assessed after 24, 72 and 120 hours by ATP quantification. At the 120-hour time point, there was no statistically significant difference between S-C, S-EDTA, S-CHL, S-GCHL and S-SC (p > 0.05), and between R-C, R-EDTA and R-GCHL (p > 0.05). The in vitro model developed in this pilot study successfully demonstrated cell migration on the different decontaminated surfaces. This methodology suggests that on smooth microimplants, EDTA, GCHL, SC and TiB decontamination may have a reduced impact on preosteoblast migration, while on minimally rough microimplants, EDTA and GCHL decontamination affected cell migration the least. However, when selecting a decontamination protocol, the effectiveness of the decontamination per se must also be considered.
Diabetic foot ulcer, the effect of resource‐poor environments on healing time and direct cost: A cohort study during Syrian crisis

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the slowest healing wounds that hurt the human body. Many studies from developed countries are concerned about materials, procedures, and equipment that accelerate the healing time. In Sweden, the diabetic foot management costs around 24965$/patient. In this review, we would evaluate the healing time of DFUs during what is considered one of the worst humanitarian crisis of the 21st century. 1747 DFUs were studied from the main diabetic foot clinic in Damascus (2014‐2019). We predicted many variables that could prolong the healing time. The cost according to these variables was also reported. The SINBAD Classification was performed to grade the severity of ulcers. We noticed that the median healing time for DFUs was 8 weeks. Almost half of these ulcers healed between 3 and 12 weeks. The time of healing for men was significantly longer than that for women. While the presence of infection doubled the median time of healing, the presence of peripheral artery disease doubled the mean of the direct health care cost. The location of the ulcer acted as another independent risk factor. In conclusion, DFUs face many barriers to heal during a crisis.The environment with resource‐poor settings should be added to the traditional risk factors that delay the healing of DFUs for months or even years. More studies from disaster are as are needed to evaluate low‐cost materials that could be cost effective in applying standard care of the diabetic foot.
Surgical Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Tibial Plafond

Background: The literature on osteochondral lesions of the tibial plafond (OLTPs) is sparse. The aim of this study was therefore to provide an overview of clinical and radiological outcomes following treatment of OLTPs. Methods: We performed a systematic search of the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane library databases. The review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and included all original articles on treatment outcomes for OLTPs. The methodological quality of the articles was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS). Baseline patient and lesion characteristics were pooled and weighted according to the number of lesions per study. The primary outcome was any clinical or patient-reported outcome measure pooled by treatment method when separable data were available. Secondary outcomes were complications, reoperation rates, radiological outcomes, and sport outcomes. Results: The search yielded 2,079 articles, of which 10 studies (1 prospective case series, 1 retrospective comparative study, and 8 retrospective case series) with a total of 175 patients were included. The overall methodological quality of the studies was low. All patients were treated surgically; 96% of the lesions were primary cases (i.e., first-time surgery) and 58% were solitary tibial lesions (i.e., no opposing talar lesion). Arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation was the most frequently used treatment strategy (51%), followed by cartilage transplantation (17%), chondrogenesis-inducing techniques (11%), osteochondral transplantation (3%), retrograde drilling (3%), and mixed (i.e., inseparable) treatments (15%). The clinical outcomes of the different surgical therapies were considered to be moderate to good. The pooled postoperative AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society) score for bone marrow stimulation and osteochondral transplantation was 54.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 49.5 to 85.0) (n = 14) and 85.3 (95% CI, 56 to 100) (n = 3), respectively. Overall, complications and reoperations were rarely reported. The pooled complication and reoperation rates could only be calculated for bone marrow stimulation and were 5% and 7%, respectively. Conclusions: Surgical interventions for OLTPs appear to yield moderate to good clinical outcomes. Bone marrow stimulation resulted in a moderate AOFAS score. Complications and reintervention rates were found to be low. The current evidence in the literature is limited because of the underreporting of clinical, radiological, and sport data and the heterogenous outcome scores reported. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Fatty acid-binding protein-4 as a biomarker predicting acromegaly-associated diabetes mellitus

Background/aim The known pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) in acromegaly is mainly based on growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) excess. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP-4), a novel adipokine, is found to induce insulin resistance and type 2 DM. We aimed to investigate the possible effect of FABP-4 on glucose metabolism in patients with acromegaly. Materials and methods This case-control study included 28 patients newly diagnosed with acromegaly and 57 healthy volunteers. The patients with acromegaly were classified according to their glycemic status as with DM, prediabetes, and normal glucose tolerance. Anthropometric measurements, laboratory test results, and FABP-4 levels of the subjects were evaluated. Results Although no difference was observed in FABP-4 levels between acromegaly and control groups, the FABP-4 level was higher in the patients with acromegaly having DM compared to the patients with acromegaly having prediabetes and NGT, and the control group (p = 0.004, p = 0.001, p = 0.004, respectively). Logistic regression analysis suggested that the FABP-4 is an independent predictor of DM in acromegaly (β = 7.382, OR = 38.96, 95% CI: 1.52-5.76, p = 0.018). Conclusion The FABP-4 may be a helpful predictor of acromegaly-associated DM.
Real‐world evidence on time to relapse of plaque psoriasis after discontinuation of biologic treatment in Poland

The aim of this study is analysis of time to relapse after discontinuation of biologic treatment and identification of factors associated with risk of relapse. The analysis used real‐world data of 705 patients treated with biologic drugs (adalimumab [ADA], ustekinumab, infliximab, and etanercept) in Poland in 2013–2019. Time to relapse was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier estimator. Data was stratified by the number of prior relapses. Determinants of risk to relapse were analyzed with Prentice‐Williams‐Peterson model. Kaplan–Meier estimate of time to the first relapse was 276 days, to the second relapse was 246 days, to the third relapse was 218 days, and to the fourth relapse was 178 days. In multidimensional analysis statistically significant variables affecting risk of relapse were the following: biologic naivety (hazard ratio [HR] 0.707), ADA (HR 0.787), psoriasis area and severity index at the last follow‐up visit (HR 1.049), abnormal hemoglobin level (HR 0.794), and abnormal lymphocyte counts (HR 1.278). The findings of this study suggest that periods to relapse after discontinuation of biologic drugs become shorter with the number of prior relapses experienced by the patient. Ninety‐five percentage of observed relapses occurred within 613 days of the end of the first treatment cycle, within 478 of the second cycle and within 351 days of the third cycle.
The death knell of bare metal stents: The Cobra stent's encouraging results with short‐term antiplatelet therapy

The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is still unsettled ranging from 1 to 30 months. Balancing the risks of ischemia and bleeding in deciding DAPT duration can be challenging especially in those that are highbleeding-risk (HBR). While nearly one-third of patients undergoing PCI are considered HBR, such patients are often excluded in clinical trials. HBR patients have worse outcomes after PCI compared to non-HBR patients, and any bleeding, particularly major bleeding postPCI is a risk factor for myocardial infarction and death. As a result, recently there have been in a number of trials evaluating short duration DAPT in HBR patients undergoing PCI. In this issue of Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, Maillard et al. report the 1-year clinical outcomes following Cobra PzF (CeloNova Biosciences) stent implantation during PCI from the e-Cobra, multicenter, prospective registry. The Cobra PzF stent is a 71 μm-strut cobalt-chromium stent that is coated with a polyzene-F polymer that is resistant to thrombus formation, and rapid endothelialization and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a potentially viable option for use in the HBR patient population. Over a 1-year period from October 2015 to December 2016, 940 patients underwent PCI with the Cobra PzF stent. Of these patients, 62% were defined as high bleeding risk, and 47% presented with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). DAPT duration was significantly longer in those patients presenting with an ACS (228 vs. 117 days). The primary endpoint of MACE at 12 months occurred 9% of patients, and definite stent thrombosis occurred in 0.7%. The Cobra PzF stent is also being studied in the COBRA-REDUCE trial where patients with at least one Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk (ARC HBR) criterion, receiving oral anticoagulation, and requiring PCI were randomized to Cobra PzF or current drug-eluting stent (DES). The patients with the Cobra PzF stent stopped DAPT after 14 days, versus 3–6 months for those receiving a DES. The 6-month results were presented at the transcatheter cardiovascular therapeutics virtual meeting. There was no difference in major bleeding between the Cobra PzF stent and DES groups. Additionally, the Cobra PzF arm did not meet the criteria for noninferiority with regard to adverse ischemic events. We congratulate the authors for demonstrating the safety and efficacy of the Cobra PzF stent. The thrombo-resistant and antiinflammatory properties of the Cobra PzF stent may make the stent a viable option in treating HBR patients requiring short duration DAPT. Further studies are needed to determine if there is a DAPT duration or bleeding advantage of the Cobra PzF over current DES platforms. We look forward to the 1-year results of the COBRAREDUCE trial.
Transcriptome Profiling of Micromelalopha troglodyta (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) Larvae under Tannin Stress Using Solexa Sequencing Technology

Abstract Tannins are a large group of polyphenolic compounds and natural protective substances for plant survival. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of Micromelalopha troglodyta (Graeser) under tannin stress were studied by Solexa sequencing technology. A total of 51,797,038–54,991,822 and 51,674,478–52,307,172 clean reads were obtained from the tannin treatment (TT) library and the control (CK) library transcriptomes, respectively, and assembled into 21,236 nonredundant consensus sequences. The expression of 1,627 unigenes in the TT library was remarkably different from that of the CK library; 885 genes were upregulated, and 742 genes were downregulated (P ≤ 0.001). The expression of 18 DEGs was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and the trend of gene expression was consistent with that of transcriptome data. In the biological process category, the DEGs were primarily related to cellular processes, metabolic processes, and single-organism processes. In the molecular function category, the DEGs were mainly involved in binding and catalytic activity, and in the cellular component category, the DEGs were mainly related to the cell, cell part, and organelle. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 and glutathione metabolism may be associated with detoxification-related processes under tannin stress, and glutathione S-transferases and other detoxification enzyme genes play an important role in detoxifying tannins in M. troglodyta larvae. This study also provides important resources for further study of the genes related to pesticide targets and metabolic processes in M. troglodyta.
Accurate profiling of forensic autosomal STRs using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION device

The high variability characteristic of short tandem repeat (STR) markers is harnessed for human identification in forensic genetic analyses. Despite the power and reliability of current typing techniques, sequence-level information both within and around STRs are masked in the length-based profiles generated. Forensic STR typing using next generation sequencing (NGS) has therefore gained attention as an alternative to traditional capillary electrophoresis (CE) approaches. In this proof-of-principle study, we evaluate the forensic applicability of the newest and smallest NGS platform available – the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION device. Although nanopore sequencing on the handheld MinION offers numerous advantages, including on-site sample processing, the relatively high error rate and lack of forensic-specific analysis software has prevented accurate profiling across STR panels in previous studies. Here we present STRspy, a streamlined method capable of producing length- and sequence-based STR allele designations from noisy, long-read data. To demonstrate the capabilities of STRspy, seven reference samples (female: n = 2; male: n = 5) were amplified at 15 and 30 PCR cycles using the Promega PowerSeq 46GY System and sequenced on the ONT MinION device in triplicate. Basecalled reads were processed with STRspy using a custom database containing alleles reported in the STRSeq BioProject NIST 1036 dataset. Resultant STR allele designations and flanking region single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calls were compared to the manufacturer-validated genotypes for each sample. STRspy generated robust and reliable genotypes across all autosomal STR loci amplified with 30 PCR cycles, achieving 100% concordance based on both length and sequence. Furthermore, we were able to identify flanking region SNPs with >90% accuracy. These results demonstrate that nanopore sequencing platforms are capable of revealing additional variation in and around STR loci depending on read coverage. As the first long-read platform-specific method to successfully profile the entire panel of autosomal STRs amplified by a commercially available multiplex, STRspy significantly increases the feasibility of nanopore sequencing in forensic applications.
Hippocampal theta oscillations are modulated by behaviour in the ferret but persist during both locomotion and immobility

Theta oscillations are a hallmark of hippocampal activity across mammalian species and play a critical role in many hippocampal models of memory and spatial navigation. To attempt to reconcile the cross-species differences observed in the presence and properties of theta, we recorded hippocampal local field potentials in rats and ferrets during a localisation task designed to vary locomotion and sensory attention. Here we show that theta oscillations occur during locomotion in both the ferret and rat, however during periods of immobility, theta oscillations persisted in the ferret, contrasting starkly with the switch to large irregular activity (LIA) in the rat. Theta during immobility in the ferret was identified as Type 2 theta due to its sensitivity to atropine and was modulated by behavioural state, with the strongest theta observed during reward epochs. These results demonstrate that even under similar behavioural conditions, there is a variable relationship between theta and behavioural state across different species.
The impact of heat on human physical work capacity; part III: the impact of solar radiation varies with air temperature, humidity, and clothing coverage

It is well-known that heat impacts human labour/physical work capacity (PWC), but systematic evaluations of solar radiation (SOLAR) effects and the interaction with air temperature and humidity levels and clothing are lacking, as most lab-studies are conducted in semi-nude subjects without radiation or only in a single climatic condition. Due to the high relevance of SOLAR in various occupations, this study quantified how SOLAR interacts with clothing and other primary environmental factors (air temperature/humidity) of importance to determine PWC in the heat. The data allowed the development of a SOLAR correction factor for predicting PWC in major outdoor industries. Fourteen young adult males (7 wearing a standardised work coverall (0.9 Clo), 7 with shorts and trainers (0.3 Clo) walked for 1-hour at a fixed heart rate of 130 b·min−1, in seven combinations of air temperature (25 to 45°C) and relative humidity (20 or 80%), with and without SOLAR (800 W/m2 from solar lamps). Cumulative energy expenditure in the heat, relative to the work achieved in a cool reference condition, was used to determine PWC%. Skin temperature was the primary determinant of PWC in the heat. In dry climates with exposed skin (0.3 Clo), SOLAR caused PWC to decrease exponentially with rising air temperature, whereas work coveralls (0.9 Clo) negated this effect. In humid conditions, the SOLAR-induced reduction in PWC was consistent and linear across all levels of air temperature, and clothing conditions. WBGT and UTCI based prediction equations of PWC represented SOLAR correctly. For heat indices not intrinsically accounting for SOLAR, correction factors are provided enabling forecasting of heat effects on work productivity.