Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supply Chain Network Planning for Humanitarian Operations During Seasonal Disasters

To prevent loss of lives during seasonal disasters, relief agencies distribute critical supplies and provide lifesaving services to the affected populations. Despite agencies' efforts, frequently occuring disasters increase the cost of relief operations. The purpose of our study is to minimize the cost of relief operations, considering that such disasters cause random demand. To achieve this, we have formulated a series of models, which are distinct from the current studies in three ways. First, to the best of our knowledge, we are the first ones to capture both perishable and durable products together. Second, we have aggregated multiple products in a different way than current studies do. This unique aggregation requires less data than that of other types of aggregation. Finally, our models are compatible with the practical data generated by FEMA. Our models offer insights on the impacts of various parameters on optimum cost and order size. The analyses of correlation of demand and quality of information offer interesting insights; for instance, under certain cases, the quality of information does not influence cost. Our study has considered both risk averse and risk neutral approaches and provided insights. The insights obtained from our models are expected to help agencies reduce the cost of operations by choosing cost effective suppliers.
COPPER TOXICITY TO PARATYA AUSTRALIENSIS: I. INFLUENCE OF NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID

The relationship between copper speciation and acute toxicity to the AustraHan freshwater shrimp, Paratya australiensis was determined using a combination of copper ion selective electrode measurements, complexing resins and computer calculations to measure the speciation in test solutions. A number of problems were encountered with the use of the copper ion selective electrode in waters containing added complexing agents. In solutions containing nitrilotriacetic acid or glycine, uncomplexed copper(II) ions were found to be the most acutely toxic form of copper to the shrimp. However, at least one other species, the singly charged complex (Cu-Glycine)+, also appears to be mildly toxic. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of considering metal speciation when assessing the impact of heavy metals on aquatic organisms.
Production of Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O) and Nitric Oxide (NO) in Boreal Agricultural Soils at Low Temperature

The gaseous nitrogen oxides nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) are produced in microbial nitrification and denitrification. N2O is a strong greenhouse gas, while NO has importance in atmospheric chemistry. Up to 68% of the land surface of the northern hemisphere experiences soil freezing for variable times. N2O is known to be produced in soil also at low temperatures and emissions during winter can contribute up to 90 % of the annual N2O emission. Increased emissions of N2O during soil thawing have been observed in numerous field and laboratory studies. However, the underlying processes and physical and chemical factors controlling N2O emissions at low temperatures are not well understood. Studies on emissions of NO at low temperatures, including the effects of freezing-thawing, are lacking. This study was conducted by manipulating microcosms with agricultural soil in the laboratory. The key focus was on soil physical changes and their effects on N2O and NO emissions at low temperatures. The results showed that both mineral and organic soils can have high N2O emissions during soil freezing and thawing. At soil temperatures near zero, the N2O emission rates can be high, even exceeding the rates at +10oC. When frozen, soil microbial processes can remain active and produce N2O at least down to -8oC. Produced N2O is not necessary liberated to the atmosphere immediately, but can be stored in frozen soil leading to high N2O concentrations in the soil atmosphere. A new finding was that agricultural soils can also have high N2O production rates at low plus degrees without freezing-thawing history. In organic soils, the magnitude of N2O emissions during thawing was found to depend on both freezing temperature and moisture status of the soil. In contrast, NO emissions at low temperatures were regulated merely by soil temperature. Denitrification was evidently the major mechanism for N2O production at low temperatures. The results suggest that denitrification benefits more from freeze-thaw related changes in soil physical and chemical conditions than general heterotrophic microbial activity. Freeze-thaw induced release of easily degradable substrates from cell lyses appeared to be of minor importance. This was supported by the finding that soil freezing and thawing did not cause discernable change in soil microbial biomass or community structure. This stresses the importance of soil microenvironments for controlling soil microbiological activities at low temperatures and ultimately biogeochemial cycling of nitrogen in boreal agricultural soils. Universal Decimal Classification: 502.521, 631.416. 1, 631.433. 5, 546.172. 5, 546.172. 6 CAB Thesaurus: nitrogen oxides; nitrous oxide; nitric oxide; greenhouse gases; agricultural soils; soil physics; soil temperature; freezing; thawing; microbial activities; nitrification; denitrification; soil water; microenvironments; nitrogen cycle
Calculation of Electron-Induced X-ray Intensities under Grazing Exit Conditions

Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) under grazing-exit conditions allows us to perform microscopic surface analysis, thin-film analysis and particle analysis. To evaluate the thickness and density of thin-films, it is necessary to calculate X-ray intensities as a function of the exit angle. In this paper, we propose a procedure to calculate X-ray intensities as a function of grazing-exit angle. Monte Carlo simulation is used to determine the depth distribution of the electron-induced X-ray production and a multilayer model is applied to include the grazing emission process. The exit angle resolved curves, calculated for Ni thin films, were compared with experimental curves. A good agreement between the experimental plots and the calculated curves indicates that the proposed computational approach can be applied successfully to the calculation of EPMA intensities. Appling this calculation, the lateral resolution of EPMA was also evaluated at different take-off angles. It was suggested that the lateral resolution would be improved under grazing-exit conditions. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2003. 111]
The Effects of Resveratrol on DBC1 & Cadherin Expression in Prostate Cancer

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 3 LIST OF FIGURES . 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . 5 INTRODUCTION . 6 1.1 Background: prostate cancer diagnosis & treatment . 6 1.2 Mechanisms of PCa progression & Androgen Deprivation Therapy . 8 1.3 Survey of current research and study aims . 11 MATERIALS & METHODS . 16 Reagents . 16 Cell Culture . 17 Cell Treatment . 17 Total RNA Purification . 18 Reverse Transcription-PCR. 18 Quantitative Real-Time PCR . 18 Whole Cell Lysate Preparation & Quantification . 19 Protein Gel Electrophoresis & Western Blot . 20 Statistical Analysis . 21 RESULTS . 22 1.1 The effects of resveratrol on the mRNA levels of DBC1 . 22 1.2 Resveratrol down-regulates protein levels of DBC1 . 24 2.1 The effects of resveratrol on DBC1 protein stability . 27 3.1 The effects of resveratrol on the mRNA levels of CDH1 and CDH2 . 30 3.2 RSV effects on EMT-associated E& N-cadherin proteins . 33 DISCUSSION . 35 REFERENCES . 46
THIRD PERSON PRONOUN FORMS IN ESTONIAN IN THE LIGHT OF CENTERING THEORY

This paper explains the distinctions between the Estonian 3rd person overt pronoun and the zero person marker in spoken narratives. As both forms express the most salient entities in discourse, the saliency criterion cannot distinguish them. The Centering Theory is used to explore if the overt pronoun and zero have different effects on discourse coherence, i.e. whether there is a difference between transition types relating to zero and those signaling the overt pronoun. Additionally, factors such as grammatical role, case and clause type affecting the choice of pronominal forms are studied to supplement results from the Centering analysis. It is hypothesized that the use of the zero form connects to the CONTINUE transition, while the overt pronoun combines with other Centering- based transition types as well. Furthermore, results show that the zero form is more restricted in its usage contexts and signals mainly nominative subjects in main clauses, while the overt form can appear more widely in different linguistic environments.
The effects of social communication: a research study on neuroscientific techniques application

The effectiveness of social advertising is still an open issue in the scientific community. On one side the evaluation of advertising efficacy is still a big challenge to accomplish in terms of scientific measures. On the other side, the social advertising is often based on emotional appeals, in order to capture and affect audience attention, and the attempt to measure emotional reactions in a scientific way is still debated by scientists as well. Nowadays the evaluation of advertising is laying on traditional techniques, the so called “explicit self-report measures”, based on direct questions to subjects exposed to advertisement. The limit of these traditional techniques is the potential overlap (and confusion) of what is felt by subjects by means of their rational appraisal with what is really perceived by them from an emotional standpoint [1,2].
Intense Therapeutic Ultrasound for Pain Relief in the Treatment for Chronic Plantar Fasciopathy

Background: Intense therapeutic ultrasound (ITU) is an innovative ultrasound-based therapy where sound waves are concentrated into select musculoskeletal tissue. These focused waves generate thermal coagula at a controlled depth and space while preserving surrounding tissues. A multicenter study was conducted evaluating the efficiency, safety, and patient tolerance of ITU for the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis (CPF) pain. Methods: Seventy-four CPF patients, having failed conservative and/or minimally invasive treatment, participated in the study. Randomized participants either received 2 ITU treatments or 2 sham ITU treatments in addition to standard-of-care therapy. Plantar fascia pain was assessed pretreatment and at 4, 8, 12, and 26 weeks after treatment. Diagnostic ultrasonographic images were analyzed to examine hypoechoic, perifascial lesions whose volumes were calculated until week 12. Function and patient satisfaction were measured using self-reported outcome measures. Results: The treated group reported significant average pain reduction (–26%, –33%, –43%) and hypoechoic lesion volume (–33%, –53%, –68%) at weeks 4, 8, and 12 compared to baseline. Although the control/sham group reported insignificant pain changes at the same time points (–5%, +8%, and +2%) and increased hypoechoic lesion volume (+15%, +28%, +58%). Treated patients reported a significant increase in daily living activities (+28%, +42%, +47%, +40%) compared to the sham/control group (+0.12%, +12%, +3%, +21%). Patient satisfaction remained more than 80% at weeks 8, 12, and 26 for all treatment groups. Conclusion: ITU is an effective pain relief treatment for CPF, which is refractory to either conservative measures or minimally invasive treatments. Level of Evidence: Level II.
PREDICTION OF T YPE A BEHAVIOUR : A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL

58 1 of 9 ABSTRACT The predictability of Type A behaviour was measured in a sample of 375 professionals with a shortened version of the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS). Two structural equation models were constructed with the Type A behaviour achievement sub-scale and global (total) Type A as the predictor variables. The indices showed a reasonable-to-promising fi t with the data. Type A achievement was reasonably predicted by service-career orientation, internal locus of control, power self-concept and economic innovation. Type A global was also predicted by internal locus of control, power self-concept and the entrepreneurial attitude of achievement and personal control.
Predictors of Pain Associated With Hysterosalpingography (HSG): A Prospective Cohort

Predictive factors of pain were evaluated prospectively in a cohort of 157 women undergoing hysterosalpingography (HSG). 94% of women experienced pain associated with the procedure. A history of dysmenorrhea or tubal obstruction at time of procedure was a significant predictor of increased pain associated with HSG. Pre-procedure treatment with Non-Steroidal AntiInflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) was not associated with changes in pain scores. Objective: To identify predictive factors of pain associated with Hysterosalpingography (HSG). Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Academic medical center. Patients: 157 consecutive women undergoing HSG as part of infertility evaluation. Interventions: Completion of standardized pre- and post-procedure questionnaires, including Post-Procedure Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Present Pain Intensity (PPI) and Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) Main Outcome Measures: Prevalence and nature of HSG-associated pain, VAS, PPI and SF-MPQ results, predictors of HSG-associated pain. Results: Of the 157 women undergoing HSG, 94% of patients experienced pain during the procedure. Not surprisingly, the most common description of the nature of pain was “cramping” (86.5%). The severity of reported preprocedure dysmenorrhea was statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of HSG-associated pain (r=0.315, p<0.01). Additionally, women with tubal obstruction experienced a significant increase in HSG-associated pain (p=0.011). Patients using pre-procedure non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, 85.4% of women) experienced no significant decreases in VAS pain scores (73.7 versus 82.0, p=0.40). Conclusion: The majority of women experience pain during HSG. A history of dysmenorrhea and a finding of tubal obstruction were statistically significant predictors of HSG-associated pain.Pre-procedure treatment with NSAIDs reduced pain scores, however this was not statistically significant.
Proteolytically-cleaved Fragments of Cell Surface Proteins Stimulate a Cytotoxic Immune Response Against Tumoractivated Endothelial Cells In vitro

Endothelial antigens that stimulate immune-mediated damage of tumor vessels represent possible targets for the development of antiangiogenic vaccines aimed at preventing the progression of solid tumors. Since antigens expressed on the cell surface are accessible targets for both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, the ability to isolate extracellular protein fragments from endothelial cells by proteolytic digest is a proposed strategy for the creation of antiangiogenic vaccines. Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) were isolated from an abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy. Both non-activated endothelial cells (nHMEC) and tumor-activated endothelial cells (aHMEC) were obtained. HMEC lysate and cleaved fragments of cell surface proteins (FCSP) of HMEC had total protein concentrations of 135 µg/mL and 2 µg/mL, respectively. Despite this difference in concentration, FCSP were able to stimulate immune cells in cytotoxicity assays better than the HMEC lysate. Moreover, FCSP obtained from tumor-activated endothelial cells were able to stimulate an immune response toward tumor-activated endothelial cells. Based on these results, FCSP of endothelial cells appear to provide a comprehensive set of surface antigens that are able to induce targeted, immune-mediated cytotoxic effects against tumor endothelial cells. These findings represent a successful strategy to produce safe and pure antigens for the production of antiangiogenic vaccines.
Ebitda as a Criterion for Assessment of the Banks System: The Case of Deutesche Bank, Generali and Unicredit

This work describes and analyzes the validity of some economic indicators about companies or groups of companies that use capital intensive as a factor of production. In particular, the study aims to investigate the way in which services provided to high capital intensity (capital intensive) and then the profit and profitability reached by some groups in banking, finance and insurance, can be evaluated using the Ebitda criterion (Ebitda Earnings before tax, Depretiation and Ammortization) or other economic indicators that will be analyzed during the work. Economic indicators have often an advantage, but they also have critical issues that will be described during the exposure and depth of work. In addition, the analysis of statistical and macro-econometric relative to Ebitda of three comparable groups of intermediaries sector under consideration (Deutesche Bank, Generali and Unicredit) using a sample of 10 periods (from 2000 to 2009), utilizing the Cobb-Douglas production function, and considering the excessive volatility of some data, allows us to obtain a forecast of the increase of the output to vary the amount of input in terms of physical capital and human capital.
Interpretation of Transferred Epithet by Means of Conceptual Integration Theory

Transferred epithet is one of the figures of speech frequently used in our expression. A better understanding of this seemingly illogical modification is undoubtedly of great benefit for common readers. In this paper, the conceptual integration theory advanced by Fauconnier and Turner (1994, 1997) is applied to the interpretation of transferred epithet. The purpose is to test the effectiveness of the blending framework, and this study is also expected to come up new insights to widen the wealth of data that is necessary to verify the generality of conceptual integration.
ACCOUNTABILITY AND THE PROMISE OF PERFORMANCE: In Search of the Mechanisms

In an effort to determine the basis for the assumed relationship between accountability and performance that pervades much of contemporary administrative reform efforts, this paper applies a "social mechanisms" approach to elaborate the factors that might be involved in account giving and various forms of administrative performance. This search for mechanisms indicates that the relationship is paradoxical and either spurious or so contingent as to raise questions regarding administrative reforms based on it. Various theoretical approaches for dealing with the relationship are considered.
Application of Knowledge-Based System in Personalized Health Management Portal

Weight gain is being one of the prominent and common problems affecting society. Therefore, consumers are increasingly appreciating the expedient access to dietary information. The increasing number of searches on the Internet has massively improved the number of health websites on the Internet. Due to the increasing number of health conscious consumers, we propose the personalized health management portal for users. The modules available in the portal are personal and medical profile management, diet monitoring, workout monitoring, alert and notification, personalized diet planning and menu construction. The distinctive novelty of this portal is the capability to recommend personalized diet plan and menu construction to its users. The solutions are recommended based on a knowledge-based approach that allows fast and dependable decision making process. This personalized weight management solution would be a great way to assist online consumers to manage and maintain their weight based on their preferred health and weight requirements.
Ultrastructure of the aloricate bicosoecid Pseudobodo tremulans, with revision of the order Bicosoecida

Summary The fine structure of the colourless aloricate bicosoecid Pseudobodo tremulans has been studied in detail. The anterior flagellum bears two rows of tripartite tubular mastigonemes, and the posterior one is smooth. The cell has no other distinguishable surface decoration. The internal structure reveals typical features of bicosoecids. The largest rootlet of P. tremulans (R3) is a broad microtubular band passing from the basal body of anterior flagellum towards the cytostome region, which is presented by a lip. At its proximal end, rootlet R3 has a characteristic L-shape cross section and is normally associated with fibrillar material. The posterior basal body is oriented to the left. A mitochondrion with tubular cristae is associated with the middle part of rootlet R3. Small numbers of extrusomes are present. Small microbodies are located close to the nucleus. There is a structure similar to concentric rings in the transition zone of each flagellum. The taxonomy of bicosoecids (including pseudodendromonads) is discussed, and a revision of the order is proposed. The four included families are classified on the basis of characters associated with the cell surface and the feeding apparatus.
Overcoming the problem of misclassification due to non-uniform and poor illumination in hand gesture recognition using wavelet transform

A primary goal of gesture recognition research is to create a system which can identify specific human gestures and use them to convey information or for device control. It is easy to imagine using free-hand gestures to control objects in the real world, but only recently have researchers attempted to make this reality. The expected advantages of using free-handed gestures are Natural interaction, Direct interaction, and Terse & Powerful intera ction. Unfortunately,research laboratories have yet to produce an application that provides these advantages. Some reasons are intrinsic to gestural communications. One such reason is non-uniform illumination. The error rate increases when hand gestures are captured under different lighting conditions. This may cause the responding system to behave abnormally during different time in a day. In this paper we propose the usage of wavelets to transform the input hand gesture images into images with uniform illumination, thus avoiding the misclassification of gestures due to non-uniform illumination.
Second Language Socialization and Learner Agency: Adoptive Family Talk

Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Second language socialization, agency, and identity Chapter 3: Transnational adoption and language: An overview Chapter 4: 'I got nothin'! ': Resistance, routine, and narrative Chapter 5: 'But now we're your daughter and son! ': Participation, questions, and languaging Chapter 6: 'We'll help them in Russian, and they'll help us in English': Negotiation, medium requests, and code-switching Chapter 7: Conclusions and implications Chapter 8: Epilogue