Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Forecasting of Risk for PTSD Using Ecological Factors: A Deep Learning Application

Forecasting the risk for mental disorders from early ecological information holds benefits for the individual and society. Computational models used in psychological research, however, are barriers to making such predictions at the individual level. Preexposure identification of future soldiers at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other individuals, such as humanitarian aid workers and journalists intending to be potentially exposed to traumatic events, is important for guiding decisions about exposure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a machine learning approach to identify individuals at risk for PTSD using readily collected ecological risk factors, which makes scanning a large population possible. An exhaustive literature review was conducted to identify multiple ecological risk factors for PTSD. A questionnaire assessing these factors was designed and distributed among residents of southern Israel who have been exposed to terror attacks; data were collected from 1,290 residents. A neural network classification algorithm was used to predict the likelihood of a PTSD diagnosis. Assessed by cross-validation, the prediction of PTSD diagnostic status yielded a mean area under receiver operating characteristics curve of . 91 (F score = .83). This study is a novel attempt to implement a neural network classification algorithm using ecological risk factors to predict potential risk for PTSD. Preexposure identification of future soldiers and other individuals at risk for PTSD from a large population of candidates is feasible using machine learning methods and readily collected ecological factors.
Population dynamics of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya & Subba Raju, a Cyanobacteria toxic species, in water supply reservoirs in São Paulo, Brazil

Population dynamics of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya & Subba Raju, a Cyanobacteria toxic species, in water supply reservoirs in Sao Paulo, Brazil). The Guarapiranga and Billings reservoirs are main sources of public water supply to millions of people in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. They have been under intense antropic action as a result of domestic, industrial, farm and livestock waste being dumped in the reservoirs. Cyanobacteria develop very well in such an environment, producing blooms that are most often toxic. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya & Subba Raju is a toxic species which is rapidly spreading all over the world and is abundant in the studied reservoirs. The goal of the study was to follow the year-round variation of the C. raciborskii population density and to correlate it with selected environmental factors. Samples were collected monthly on the surface of the water column and studied under a binocular optic microscope, whereas quantitative studies were carried out under an inverted microscope, according to the Utermohl method. Among the phytoplankton community, organisms of the Cyanobacteria Class were represented by the greatest population density (cells mL -1 ). Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii was one of the abundant species in the Billings reservoir, both in the dry and rainy season. The principal environmental factors that influenced C. raciborskii
Chemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles for solar cell applications

A novel approach to fabricate silver nanoparticles for light trapping applications in silicon based solar cells has been demonstrated. Silver nanoparticles of various sizes have been synthesized by chemical reduction reactions. The particle size in the colloidal solutions was varied by using two different reducing compounds in addition to altering the compositions of the mixtures. In the present work, deposition of the silver nanoparticles onto a conventional bulk silicon solar cell shows an increase in the quantum efficiency at longer wavelengths, indicating the utilization of incident radiation that is normally lost in poor absorbing silicon (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Regional CO<sub>2</sub> flux estimates for 2009–2010 based on GOSAT and ground-based CO<sub>2</sub> observations

Abstract. We present the application of a global carbon cycle modeling system to the estimation of monthly regional CO 2 fluxes from the column-averaged mole fractions of CO 2 ( X CO 2 ) retrieved from spectral observations made by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). The regional flux estimates are to be publicly disseminated as the GOSAT Level 4 data product. The forward modeling components of the system include an atmospheric tracer transport model, an anthropogenic emissions inventory, a terrestrial biosphere exchange model, and an oceanic flux model. The atmospheric tracer transport was simulated using isentropic coordinates in the stratosphere and was tuned to reproduce the age of air. We used a fossil fuel emission inventory based on large point source data and observations of nighttime lights. The terrestrial biospheric model was optimized by fitting model parameters to observed atmospheric CO 2 seasonal cycle, net primary production data, and a biomass distribution map. The oceanic surface p CO 2 distribution was estimated with a 4-D variational data assimilation system based on reanalyzed ocean currents. Monthly CO 2 fluxes of 64 sub-continental regions, between June 2009 and May 2010, were estimated from GOSAT FTS SWIR Level 2 X CO 2 retrievals (ver. 02.00) gridded to 5° × 5° cells and averaged on a monthly basis and monthly-mean GLOBALVIEW-CO 2 data. Our result indicated that adding the GOSAT X CO 2 retrievals to the GLOBALVIEW data in the flux estimation brings changes to fluxes of tropics and other remote regions where the surface-based data are sparse. The uncertainties of these remote fluxes were reduced by as much as 60% through such addition. Optimized fluxes estimated for many of these regions, were brought closer to the prior fluxes by the addition of the GOSAT retrievals. In most of the regions and seasons considered here, the estimated fluxes fell within the range of natural flux variabilities estimated with the component models.
Curie Point Depth from Spectral Analysis of Magnetic Data in the Southeast Tibet

The satellite magnetic anomalies are used to calculate the Curie point depth of the Southeast Tibet by spectral analysis method in the study. The relationship between the Curie point depth and the regional faults or heat flow will be discussed. The results show that the Curie point depth of the study area ranges from 15 km to 36 km and the average depth is 26.3 km. The Curie point depth is cluster-like on the north of the Ailaoshan-Red River Fault, while it is strip-like distribution on the north side. The Curie point depth in the Xiaojiang Fault zone, the Xiaojinhe Fault zone, the Dien Bien Phu Fault zone and the Gaoligong Fault zone are shallow. It could be related to their strong frictional heat induced by these faults. The Curie point depth in the middle Sukhothai Block is shallow, which it is not only related to the Phayao Fault, the Mae Chan Fault and the Nam Ma Fault, but also to the subduction of the Palaeo-Tethys into the Indochina Block. There is a negative but nonlinearly correlation between the heat flow and the Curie point depth in this study area. The areas of low heat flow value correspond to the areas of deep Curie point depth. However, both the high and low heat flow values can be found in the areas of shallow Curie point depth. The possible reason is thought to be related to the low thermal conductivity of the rock.
The crustal structure of southern Baffin Bay: implications from a seismic refraction experiment

Baffin Bay represents the northern extension of the extinct rift system in the Labrador Sea. While the extent of oceanic crust and magnetic spreading anomalies are well constrained in the Labrador Sea, no magnetic spreading anomalies have yet been identified in Baffin Bay. Thus, the nature and evolution of the Baffin Bay crust remain uncertain. To clearly characterize the crust in southern Baffin Bay, 42 ocean bottom seismographs were deployed along a 710-km-long seismic refraction line, from Baffin Island to Greenland. Multichannel seismic reflection, gravity, and magnetic anomaly data were recorded along the same transect. Using forward modelling and inversion of observed traveltimes from dense airgun shots, a P-wave velocity model was obtained. The detailed morphology of the basement was constrained using the seismic reflection data. A 2-D density model supports and complements the P-wave modelling. Sediments of up to 6 km in thickness with P-wave velocities of 1.8 - 4.0 km s−1 are imaged in the centre of Baffin Bay. Oceanic crust underlies at least 305 km of the profile. The oceanic crust is 7.5 km thick on average and is modelled as three layers. Oceanic layer 2 ranges in P-wave velocity from 4.8 - 6.4 km s−1 and is divided into basalts and dykes. Oceanic layer 3 displays P-wave velocities of 6.4 - 7.2 km s−1. The Greenland continental crust is up to 25 km thick along the line and divided into an upper, middle, and lower crust with P-wave velocities from 5.3 - 7.0 km s−1. The upper and middle continental crust thin over a 120-km-wide continent-ocean transi- tion zone. We classify this margin as a volcanic continental margin as seaward dipping reflectors are imaged from the seismic reflection data and mafic intrusions in the lower crust can be inferred from the seismic refraction data. The profile did not reach continental crust on the Baffin Island margin, which implies a transition zone of 150 km length at most. The new information on the extent of oceanic crust is used with published poles of rotation to develop a new kinematic model of the evolution of oceanic crust in southern Baffin Bay.
Improve Resource Allocation for Cloud Computing Environment

The elasticity and the lack of upfront capital investment offered by cloud computing is appealing to many businesses. There is a lot of discussion on the benefits and costs of the cloud model and on how to move legacy applications onto the cloud platform. Here we study a different problem: how can a cloud service provider best multiplex its virtual resources onto the physical hardware? This is important because much of the touted gains in the cloud model come from such multiplexing. Cloud computing allows business customers to scale up and down their resource usage based on needs. Many of the touted gains in the cloud model come from resource multiplexing through virtualization technology. This project presents a system that uses virtualization technology to allocate data center resources dynamically based on application demands and support green computing by optimizing the number of servers in use. The project introduces the concept of “skewness” to measure the unevenness in the multidimensional resource utilization of a server. By minimizing skewness, we can combine different types of workloads nicely and improve the overall utilization of server resources. It develops a set of heuristics that prevent overload in the system effectively while saving energy used.
Ray-Trace of an Abnormal Radar Echo Using Geographic Information System

Weather radar plays a key role in natural disaster mitigation just as surveillance radar does in detecting objects that threaten homeland security. Both together comprise an instrumental part of radar observation. Therefore, quality control of the data gathered through radar detection is extremely important. However, radar waves propagate in the atmosphere, and an anomalous echo can occur if there are significant discontinuities in temperature and humidity in the lower boundary layer. The refractive curvature of the earth makes some errors in observation inevitable. On the night of July 3, 2003, Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) weather radar detected an abnormal echo. The Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model was utilized to simulate the atmospheric conditions. Radar propagation was simulated using the Advanced Refractivity Engineering Prediction System (AREPS) as well as the GIS. The results show the feasibility of establishing an abnormal propagation early-warning system and extending the application of the GIS in serving as the foundation of a Common Operation Picture (COP). Furthermore, the parameters of the boundary layer near the sea's surface in the numerical weather forecasting model need remodification. Defence Science Journal, 2009, 59(1), pp.63-72 , DOI:http://dx.doi. org/10.14429/dsj.59. 1487
Response of soil nitrogen retention to the interactive effects of soil texture, hydrology, and organic matter

Advances in nitrogen (N) saturation and retention theories have focused on soil organic matter (SOM) biogeochemistry in the absence of dynamic soil hydrology. Here we exploit two soil types with contrasting textures that span a hillslope gradient to test hypotheses that suggest N saturation symptoms are regulated by the interactive effects of soil texture, OM, and hydrology on N retention capacity (maximum pool size) and N retention kinetics (N retention rate). Down the hillslope gradient, soil solution nitrate (NO3) concentrations sampled with lysimeters increased, while 15NO3‐N retention decreased. Landscape location (upland, hillslope, and toeslope) and soil type interacted to affect soil solution NO3 concentrations so that the downslope increase in NO3 was greater in sandy versus silty soils. These patterns manifest despite a downslope increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) and C/N ratios. A positive correlation between saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil solution NO3 sampled in zero‐tension lysimeters during precipitation events suggested that high hydraulic conductivity promotes periodic rapid NO3 transport at rates that exceed retention kinetics. The downslope increase in soil solution NO3 in spite of a concomitant increase in SOC and C/N ratios provides an important contrast with previous N saturation research that highlights negative correlations between SOM C/N ratios and NO3 concentrations and suggests NO3 transport along connected hillslope flow paths may overwhelm stoichiometric sinks for inorganic N retention in SOM. Our results reveal important gaps in N retention theory based on SOM biogeochemistry alone and demonstrate how coupled biogeochemical and hydrological models can improve predictions of N saturation, particularly when considering periodic advective NO3 transport in the vadose zone. We show that in coarse‐textured soils, low capacity for protection of SOM N by association with fine mineral particles interacts with rapid hydrological flushing of NO3 to enhance the expression of ecosystem N saturation symptoms.
Interactive comment on “ Dust events in Beijing , China ( 2004 – 2006 ) : comparison of ground-based measurements with columnar integrated observations ” by Z . J .

This paper generally well describes the physical and optical characteristics of dust events observed at Beijing, China during the springtime of 2004-2006. Both groundbased measurements of particle size distribution and column-integrated aerosol optical properties (including Angstrom exponent, AOD, refractive index, etc.) retrieved from AERONET were analyzed. Some meteorological data (including sounding) and TOMS
Transcultural Flow of Globalized TV Franchises: Examining The X Factor and Vietnam Idol from a Discourse Analysis Perspective

The process of cultural globalisation does not always imply cultural homogenisation. Instead, global culture forms are ‘glocalised’ in order to be appropriate and accepted in a new cultural context. This is evident when examining the judges’ comments in The X Factor and Vietnam Idol, the two versions of Pop Idol, one of the most famous reality show franchises in the world. A combination of quantitative genre analysis and qualitative discourse analysis was used to compare transcribed extracts of the judges’ comments taken from both programmes. The explanations for the findings were sought through the interviews with some native speaker audience members in both cases and backed by relevant literature. The study revealed that despite the similar format of the TV franchises, different specific judging strategies were employed to adapt to different communication styles, audience tastes and cultural values of the British and Vietnamese cultures.
Generality of the Terminal Investment Hypothesis: Effects of Extrinsic Mortality and Resource Availability on Age-Related Reproductive Investment

Generality of the Terminal Investment Hypothesis: Effects of Extrinsic Mortality and Resource Availability on Age-Related Reproductive Investment Allystair Dunngannon Jones Department of Biology, BYU Master of Science A central question in life history theory is, what combination of traits and behaviors will lead to the highest reproductive success throughout a lifetime. The trade-off between current and future reproduction is central to the lifetime reproductive success of an organism. If there is a cost to reproduction, then allocation of energy to current reproduction will come at a cost to future reproduction. We expect young individuals to favor future reproduction over current reproduction and that balance shifts to current reproduction as they age (i.e. terminal investment hypothesis). However, how this transition from an emphasis on future reproduction to emphasis on current reproduction changes throughout a lifetime should depend on environmental factors like mortality and resource availability. We test for the generality of terminal investment across three species of poecilliid fishes in a range of environments. We found evidence of terminal investment in all three species in both high and low mortality environments and high and low resource availability environments. In general, high mortality or high resource availability tended to result in a decreased slope of the relationship between reproductive allocation and body size. Terminal investment appears to be general, even though there was an effect of high mortality and resource availability, it was not sufficient to completely preclude terminal investment.
Does Contingent Self-Esteem Increase During Higher Education?

Contingent self-esteem has been identified as a marker of psychological vulnerability. The assumption that contingent self-esteem is influenced by socialization processes was examined in a prospective national cohort study of 1,220 Swedish nursing students during their three-year education. Contingent self-esteem was annually assessed by a measure of performance-based self-esteem. Mean levels of performance-based self-esteem increased from the first to the later years of education, and the increase over one year was greater for the nursing students than for a matched group of work employees. These data suggest that participation in higher education could be associated with increased contingent self-esteem. The findings also introduce questions about whether investment in a professional role may foster vulnerability, thereby raising issues for the social investment principle.
EVALUATION OF THE EQUIVALENCE OF TWO DIFFERENT METHODS OF THRESHOLD ESTIMATIONS WITH ADAPTIVE PSYCHOPHYSICAL PROCEDURES

Because of its higher efficiency, adaptive psychophysical procedures are becoming increasing popular compared to traditional non-adaptive procedures. The present study evaluates the equivalence of two different methods for threshold estimation based on single trials and so- called mid-run estimates, respectively. For this purpose, 286 participants performed four psychophysical temporal tasks: duration discrimination of filled and empty intervals in the range of milliseconds, duration discrimination of filled intervals in the range of seconds, and rhythm perception. All tasks employed an adaptive rule based on the weighted-up-down procedure (Kaernbach, 1991). As a psychophysical indicator of performance, 75%-difference thresholds were determined on the basis of both single trials and mid-run estimates. As a measure of congruence, Pearson correlations were computed across individual threshold estimates obtained with both methods. Correlation coefficients ranging from rxy = . 95 to rxy = . 98 suggest a highly reliable level of equivalence for both methods of threshold estimation.
Influence of Fatigue on Balance and Lower Limb Muscles Activity in Flatfoot Children

: Fatigue could lead to excessive eversion and affect static balance. This study was aimed to find out the influence of foot posture and jumping fatiguing effect on static balance and muscle activity of lower limb muscles. Methods: 19 elementary school children aged 9 to 11 years took part in this study. Of these all children, 10 had normal foot and 9 had flatfoot which was classified by their foot posture. Foot posture was measured based on arch index of footprint by a foot scanner. Surface electromyography (EMG) activity was recorded from tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis and peroneus longus muscles while participants were standing on one leg barefoot with opened eyes. Results: Normal foot had arch index 0.25±0.01 whereas flatfoot had 0.36±0.01. Statistical analysis showed that fatigue could influence static balance in flatfoot children (p < 0.05). Based on electromiographic data, there were no significant differences on median frequency of lower limb muscles between both groups. After fatigue, median frequency (MF) timing was significantly different (p < 0.05) on tibialis anterior and peroneus longus. MF timing showed earlier in flatfoot. Conclusion: Fatigue influenced static balance and tended to appear earlier on lower limb muscles in flatfoot children.
Do Analysts Overreact to Good News and Underreact to Bad News: A Hazard Model Approach

This paper examines how incentive-based and behavior-based variables affect analyst recommendation revisions. Specifically, we use duration analysis to test analysts’ underreaction to new information by isolating effects of incentives and cognitive processing biases (i.e., cognitive dissonance and conservatism) on the timing of their recommendation revisions. In an unconditioned circumstance, the results show that analysts are not biased against conveying negative signals. However, when we control for favorable preceding recommendations, we find that analysts delay conveying bad news, which is consistent with the incentives and cognitive dissonance hypotheses. When we control for unfavorable preceding recommendations, the results show that analysts delay conveying good news, which is only consistent with the cognitive dissonance hypothesis. We also find that analysts delay their responses to new favorable information for outperformers from which they have received low representative information relative to high representative information. Our results provide direct evidence that analysts' underreaction to new information is compounded by the effect of conservatism, which suggests that individuals do not update their beliefs adequately in the face of new evidence. JEL Classifications: G14; M41