Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extreme snowfall events linked to atmospheric rivers and surface air temperature via satellite measurements

Narrow bands of strong atmospheric water vapor transport, referred to as “atmospheric rivers” (ARs), are responsible for the majority of wintertime extreme precipitation events with important contributions to the seasonal water balance. We investigate relationships between snow water equivalent (SWE), precipitation, and surface air temperature (SAT) across the Sierra Nevada for 45 wintertime AR events. Analysis of assimilated and in situ data for water years 2004–2010 indicates that ARs on average generate ∼4 times daily SWE accumulation of non‐AR storms. In addition, AR events contributed ∼30–40% of total seasonal SWE accumulation in most years, with the contribution dominated by just 1–2 extreme events in some cases. In situ and remotely sensed observations show that SWE changes associated with ARs are closely related to SAT. These results reveal the previously unexplored significance of ARs with regard to the snowpack and associated sensitivities of AR precipitation to SAT.
Organic acids alleviate iron chlorosis in chickpea grown on two p-fertilized soils

The objectives of this paper are to investigate the response of chickpea growing on two iron (Fe) chlorosisinducing calcareous soils, with different Fe availability, generously supplied with phosphate (P), and to evaluate the effectiveness of a mixture of organic acids (citric, oxalic and malic) to alleviate Fe chlorosis symptoms. Application of P (+P treatment) aggravated Fe deficiency irrespective of the soil. Phosphorus-induced Fe chlorosis was alleviated when organic acids were also applied to the soil (+P+OA treatment), which was reflected in increased leaf chlorophyll concentration and decreased root ferric reductase activity in the plants growing on both soils; the effect was stronger for plants grown on the soil with the lowest Fe-available content. However, Fe chlorosis was still more severe than in the control (–P treatment) plants. The need of –P treatment plants to explore soil in order to take up nutrients is reflected in their root architecture, reduced root diameter and increased length, surface and volume relative to +P and +P+OA roots. Organic acids alleviate Fe chlorosis in function of non crystalline Fe oxides content but inhibit the root response mechanisms as a consequence of increasing Fe concentration in the soil solution.
Representation Learning Approaches to Detect False Arrhythmia Alarms from ECG Dynamics

The high rate of intensive care unit false arrhythmia alarms can lead to disruption of care and slow response time due to desensitization of clinical staff. We study the use of machine learning models to detect false ventricular tachycardia (v-tach) alarms using ECG waveform recordings. We propose using a Supervised Denoising Autoencoder (SDAE) to detect false alarms using a low-dimensional representation of ECG dynamics learned by minimizing a combined reconstruction and classification loss. We evaluate our algorithms on the PhysioNet Challenge 2015 dataset, containing over 500 records (over 300 training and 200 testing) with v-tach alarms. Our results indicate that using the SDAE on Fast Fourier Transformed (FFT) ECG at a beat-by-beat level outperforms several competitive baselines on the task of v-tach false alarm classification. We show that it is important to exploit the underlying known physiological structure using beat-by-beat frequency distribution from multiple cardiac cycles of the ECG waveforms to obtain competitive results and improve over previous entries from the 2015 PhysioNet Challenge.
Emergence of Shear Bands in Confined Granular Systems: Singularity of the q-Statistics

The statistics of grain displacements probability distribution function (pdf) during the shear of a granular medium displays an unusual dependence with the shear increment upscaling as recently evinced (see “experimental validation of a nonextensive scaling law in confined granular media”). Basically, the pdf of grain displacements has clear nonextensive (q-Gaussian) features at small scales, but approaches to Gaussian characteristics at large shear window scales—the granulence effect. Here, we extend this analysis studying a larger system (more grains considered in the experimental setup), which exhibits a severe shear band fault during the macroscopic straining. We calculate the pdf of grain displacements and the dependency of the q-statistics with the shear increment. This analysis has shown a singular behavior of q at large scales, displaying a non-monotonic dependence with the shear increment. By means of an independent image analysis, we demonstrate that this singular non-monotonicity could be associated with the emergence of a shear band within the confined system. We show that the exact point where the q-value inverts its tendency coincides with the emergence of a giant percolation cluster along the system, caused by the shear band. We believe that this original approach using Statistical Mechanics tools to identify shear bands can be a very useful piece to solve the complex puzzle of the rheology of dense granular systems.
Enhancing (in)formal learning ties in interdisciplinary management courses: a quasi-experimental social network study

While interdisciplinary courses are regarded as a promising method for students to learn and apply knowledge from other disciplines, there is limited empirical evidence available whether interdisciplinary courses can effectively ‘create’ interdisciplinary students. In this innovative quasi-experimental study amongst 377 Master’s students, in the control condition students were randomised by the teacher into groups, while in the experimental condition students were ‘balanced’ by the teacher into groups based upon their initial social network. Using social network analysis, learning ties after 11 weeks were significantly predicted by the friendship and learning ties established at the beginning of the course, as well as (same) discipline and group allocation. The effects were generally greater than group divisions, irrespective of the two conditions, but substantially smaller than initial social networks. These results indicate that interdisciplinary learning does not occur ‘automatically’ in an interdisciplinary module. This study contributes to effective learning in interdisciplinary learning environments.
Natural Convection for Slip Flow in a Vertical Polygonal Duct

Free convection with velocity slip and temperature jump in a vertical polygonal duct with a heated circular core is semianalytically solved by the methods of eigenfunction expansion and point match. The conditions of the core wall being at uniform wall temperature or uniform heat flux are considered. It is shown that the temperature and flowfields can be very different from those without the velocity slip and temperature jump. The optimum core radius and the corresponding maximum flow rate are numerically determined for some values of the slip length, temperature jump coefficient, and the number of sides of the polygon.
Bimodal Behavior of the Kuroshio and the Gulf Stream

For a long time, observations have indicated that the Kuroshio in the North Pacific Ocean displays bimodal meandering behavior off the southern coast of Japan. For the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic Ocean, weakly and strongly deflected paths near the coast of South Carolina have been observed. This suggests that bimodal behavior may occur in the Gulf Stream as well, although less pronounced than in the Kuroshio. Evidence from a high-resolution ocean general circulation model (OGCM) and intermediate complexity models is given to support the hypothesis that multiple mean paths of both the Kuroshio and the Gulf Stream are dynamically possible. These paths are found as multiple steady states in an intermediate complexity shallow-water model. In the OGCM, transitions between similar mean paths are found, with the patterns having similarity to the ones in observations as well. To study whether atmospheric noise can induce transitions between the multiple steady states, a stochastic component is added to the annual mean wind stress forcing in the intermediate complexity model and differences between the transition behavior in the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio are considered.
Crystal structure determinations of synthetic sodium , magnesium , and potassium birnessite using TEM and the Rietveld method

The Rietveld method and electron diffraction have been used to determine, for the first time, the crystal structures of the subcells of synthetic Na-, Mg-, and K-rich birnessitelike phases. The subcells have C2/m symmetry and unit-cell parameters: Na: a : 5.175(l) A, b : 2.850(l) A, c : 7.337e) A, 0 : 103.18. ; Mg a : 5.049(l) A. , b : 2.845(r)A, s : 7 . 051 ( l ) A , p : 96 . 65 ( l ) . ; K : a : 5 . 149 (2 ) A . , b : 2 . 843 ( r ) A , c : 7 . 176 (3 ) A , 0 : 100.76(3f. The general birnessite structure is analogous to that ofchalcophanite. Difference-Fourior analyses combined with Rietveld refinements show that the water molecules and interlayer cations occupy different positions in the three birnessite structures. Electrondiffraction patterns reveal diferent superstructures that probably arise from ordering of interlayer water molecules and cations for each of the three phases.
The “We Act”-Study: Design of a Multicomponent Intervention to Promote Healthy Diet, Physical Activity, and Well-being in School Children

Strategies to improve health behaviour and well-being of children are needed. A multicomponent intervention “We Act – together for health” was developed with the aim to improve the dietary habits, physical activity, well-being and social capital among school children aged 10-12 years by increasing their health competences and promoting a healthy school environment. This paper describes the theoretical frame for the project, the development of the We Act intervention and the design and methods used in the efficacy study. We Act builds upon the health promoting school approach and the IVAC model. The intervention included three components: 1) An educational component compromising: a) Lunch meal habits integrated into science and Danish (“IEAT”), and physical activity integrated into maths (“IMOVE”); b) Vision workshop integrated primarily in Danish, and; c) Action and Change process at class and school level. 2) A school component including a workshop to develop teachers’ competencies, and 3) A parental component: including homepage, an APP, a Facebook-group and a handout produced by their child. A quasi-experimental study with 4 intervention schools and 4 matched control schools was conducted. In total 656 school children participated. The intervention was carried out in between the baseline and follow up measurements and a process evaluation was carried out to study implementation fidelity. Dietary intake during the school day was measured using a digital photographic method, pedometers registered physical activity, and an electronic questionnaire was used to assess well-being and social capital among the pupils. We Act will provide new knowledge on the implementation and effectiveness of a multicomponent school based intervention targeting school children, teachers, school management and parents to promote dietary habits, physical activity, and well-being among school children. An important part of the evaluation will be to sum up the various intervention components to inform stakeholders and health planning administrators.
A SELECTIVE SURVEY OF SELECTIVE INFERENCE

It is not difficult to find stories of a crisis in modern science, either in the popular press or in the scientific literature. There are likely multiple sources for this crisis. It is also well documented that one source of this crisis is the misuse of statistical methods in science, with the P -value receiving its fair share of criticism. It could be argued that this misuse of statistical methods is caused by a shift in how data is used in 21st century science compared to its use in the mid-20th century which presumed scientists had formal statistical hypotheses before collecting data. With the advent of sophisticated statistical software available to anybody this paradigm has been shifted to one in which scientists collect data first and ask questions later. 1 The new (? ) scientific paradigm Figure 1: A simplified version of the scientific method. We are all familiar with a paradigm that does allow scientists to collect data first and ask questions later: the classical scientific method illustrated in Figure 1. A scientist collects data D, generates questions of interest Q(D), then collects fresh data D for confirmation and perhaps to discover additional questions of interest. The problem with this new paradigm is that it seeks to use D to answer these questions and may not have access to D. We pause here to note that Tukey used the term question rather than the more precise term hypothesis which statisticians might reasonably impute to be a statistical hypothesis. Given the computing capabilities of modern MSC2010: primary 62-02; secondary 62J15, 62J05, 62-07.
GaAs-based self-aligned stripe superluminescent diodes processed normal to the cleaved facet

We demonstrate GaAs-based superluminescent diodes (SLDs) incorporating a window-like back facet in a self-aligned stripe. SLDs are realised with low spectral modulation depth (SMD) at high power spectral density, without application of anti-reflection coatings. Such application of a window-like facet reduces effective facet reflectivity in a broadband manner. We demonstrate 30mW output power in a narrow bandwidth with only 5% SMD, outline the design criteria for high power and low SMD, and describe the deviation from a linear dependence of SMD on output power as a result of Joule heating in SLDs under continuous wave current injection. Furthermore, SLDs processed normal to the facet demonstrate output powers as high as 20mW, offering improvements in beam quality, ease of packaging and use of real estate.
Herschel observations of debris discs orbiting planet-hosting subgiants

Debris discs are commonly detected orbiting main-sequence stars, yet little is known regarding their fate as the star evolves to become a giant. Recent observations of radial velocity detected planets orbiting giant stars highlight this population and its im- portance for probing, for example, the population of planetary systems orbiting intermediate mass stars. Our Herschelsurvey observed a subset of the Johnson et al program subgiants, find- ing that 4/36 exhibit excess emission thought to indicate debris, of which 3/19 are planet-hosting stars and 1/17 are stars with no current planet detections. Given the small numbers involved, there is no evidence that the disc detection rate around stars with plan- ets is different to that around stars without planets. Our detections provide a clear indication that large quantities of dusty material can survive the stars' main-sequence lifetime and be detected on the subgiant branch, with important implications for the evolution of planetary systems and observations of polluted or dusty white dwarfs. Our detection rates also provide an important constraint that can be included in models of debris disc evolution.
Normalization of Unstructured and Informal Text in Sentiment Analysis

Sentiment Analysis is problem of natural language processing which deals with the extraction and analysis of public sentiments shared about target entities over microbloging websites. This field has gained great attention due to the huge availability of decision making textual contents. Sentiment Analysis has enormous application areas such as; Market Analysis, Service Analysis, Showbiz analysis, Movies, sports and even the popularity and acceptance rate of political policies can also be predicted via sentiment analysis systems. Although tremendous volume of opinionative text is available but it is unstructured and noisy due to which sentiment classifiers can’t achieve good outcomes. Normalization is the process used to clean noise from unstructured text for sentiment analysis. In this study we have proposed a mechanism for the normalization of informal and unstructured text. Proposed mechanism is comprised of four essential phases; Noise Reduction, Part of Speech Tagging, Stop Word Removal stemming and Lemmatization. Numerous experiments are performed on twitter data set with unsupervised lexicons and dictionaries. Python and Natural language toolkit is used for performing all four essential steps. This study demonstrates that utilization and normalization of informal tokens in tweets improved the overall classification accuracy from 75.42 to 82.357.
Altered Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in SchoolchildrenLiving in an Agricultural Community of Merida State, Venezuela

Epidemiological studies have found that children living in a pesticide treated farmland have higher risk of developing cancer or other serious health problems. Their exposure to pesticides could be limited by periodic health assessments; however, there are few biomarkers for pesticide exposure. The aim of this work was to examine the effects of chronic exposure to pesticides on hematological and biochemical parameters in farm-resident children compared to urban-resident control children. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 72 farm schoolchildren and 41 controls; a follow-up study was done two years later on 20 participants. The children underwent a clinical examination, nutritional assessment, and blood sampling for complete hemogram and biochemical analysis of liver and renal functions, lipid and glucose metabolism, plasma cholinesterase, thyroid hormones and total antioxidant capacity. A prevalence of malnutrition and undernutrition were found in both exposed and control children. The most important hematological results were thrombocytosis in 48% of farm children, increased mean lymphocyte and monocyte counts, and decreased mean neutrophil counts compared to control. Butyrylcholinesterase activity was diminished in 35% of farm children. Alterations in biochemical parameters were observed between exposed and control groups, however, most of the results were within normal limits, except for the significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity. Follow-up study 2 years later showed normalized platelet and lymphocyte counts, however, decreased neutrophil counts was still observed. This study demonstrates that children living in an agricultural community are exposed to the health hazards of pesticides. Undernutrition and improper dental hygiene affect childrenâs overall health status and are likely to increase their vulnerability to toxic effects of pesticides.
Scaling in Magnetic Materials

The chapter presents applications of the scaling in several problems of magnetic materials. Soft magnetic materials (SMMs) and soft magnetic composites (SMCs) are considered. Application of scaling in investigations of problems, such as power losses, losses separation, data collapse of the losses characteristics and modelling of the magnetic hysteresis, is presented. The symmetry group generated by scaling and gauge transformations enables us to introduce the classification of the hysteresis loops with respect to the equivalence classes. SMC materials require special treatment in the production process. Therefore, algorithms for optimization of the power losses are created. The algorithm for optimization processes is based on the scaling and the notion of the pseudo-equation of state. The scaling makes modelling and calculations easy; however, the data must obey the scaling. Checking procedure of statistical data to this respect is presented.
THE EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL ON MARINE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN SEDIMENTS FROM THE PERSIAN GULF AND THE CASPIAN SEA: A MICROCOSM EXPERIMENT

Changes in the microbial community in response to catastrophic oil spills in marine and fresh water environments have been well documented. Molecular methods provide tools for analyzing the entire bacterial community, covering also those bacteria that have not been cultured in the laboratory. In this study, four different microcosms were set up containing sediments collected from the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. One from each location was experimentally contaminated with crude oil and the other left for control. PCR-DGGE analyses were used for understanding the effect of crude oil on marine microbial community in the sediments. The results of this research show that after oil pollution biodiversity decrease in contaminated ecosystems in compare to uncontaminated ecosystems as H index was 3.56 in uncontaminated sediments but it was decrease to 2.7 after contamination. Also different ecosystems have resembled in microbial community after contamination. These results confirmed that crude oil induce major shifts in the composition and biodiversity of marine microbial community in the sediments.
Proper Losses for Learning with Example-Dependent Costs

We study the design of cost-sensitive learning algorithms with example-dependent costs, when cost matrices for each example are given both during training and test. The approach is based on the empirical risk minimization framework, where we replace the standard loss function by a combination of surrogate losses belonging to the family of proper losses. The actual contribution of each example to the risk is then given by a loss that depends on the cost matrix for the specific example. We then evaluate the use of such example-dependent loss functions in real-world binary and multiclass problems, namely credit risk assessment and musical genre classification. Using different neural network architectures, we show that with the appropriate choice of the example-dependent losses, we can outperform conventional cost-sensitive methods in terms of total cost, making a more efficient use of cost information during training and test as compared to existing discriminative approaches.
The Parasitic Nematode Physalopteroides venancioi in the Snake Platyceps ventromaculatus (Gray, 1834) in Baghdad City, Central Iraq

P. venancioi known to infect toads, amphibians, lizards skinks and occasionally snakes of different families. It was described from gekkonid and agamid lizards as well as viperid snakes as definitive hosts (Baker, 1987). To date, a few species of snakes have been examined for parasitic helminthes in Iraq : Molan and Saeed (1986) isolated the cestode Diplopylidium nolleri from Iraqi snakes; Rhaemo and Ami (1993) reported the cestode Ophiotaenia europaea from N. tessellata; Al–Hashimi (2006) recorded Oochoristica sp. and Crepidobothrium sp. ; Al-Barwari and Saeed (2007) isolated the cysticercoid of the cestode Diplopylidium nolleri from the snake Spalerosophis diadema cliffordi. Al-Moussawi (2010) isolated the nematode Tanqua anomala from N. tessellata. Al-Moussawi (2014 and 2015) Recorded respectively the cestode O. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 5 (2016) pp. 350-357 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Aspect Extraction using Informative Data from Mobile App Data Review

User review of mobile application is an valuable data that can be used by developer to improve their application or to build similar application. User can give feedback such as reporting errors, asking for new or improved feature, explain their experience of using certain feature and also praise or dispraise. User review or opinion data is very large in amount and difficult to analyze. It is time consuming and labour expensive to do it manually. Recent study has tried to extract product feature using word collocation. In this work, we try to improve the aspect extraction process by using only informative data. We took user opinion of 3 mobile application from application distribution platform. The experiment result indicate that our approach is able to improve the performance of collocation finding method.