Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design with and by Marginalized People in Humanitarian Makerspaces

and in recent years, several makerspaces have been set up with the specific purpose of supporting MRAs. As these makerspaces are set up with a specific humanitarian agenda, we distinguish them from other types of makerspaces and refer to them in this study as humanitarian makerspaces . Despite the emergence of humanitarian makerspaces, there remains limited research that documents the design projects emerging from these spaces. Of the few studies on this There is a growing demand for humanitarian aid around the world as the number of displaced people has reached an unprecedented level. At the same time, the number of community-based design and fabrication makerspaces has been growing exponentially. Recently the humanitarian sector has become interested in how these spaces can help marginalized populations, including migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. However, there have been few efforts to document what types of design projects marginalized populations develop in these spaces. More broadly, knowledge on design with and by marginalized people remains underdeveloped. This study responds to this gap in knowledge, by analyzing cases from three makerspaces that support migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers in Greece. Ethnographic studies are conducted of twenty-three design projects emerging from these spaces. These projects are analyzed using the framework of Max-Neef’s fundamental needs to show how they simultaneously address functional and non-functional needs. For researchers, this study contributes to knowledge on design with and by marginalized people. For practitioners, this study helps to document the impact of humanitarian makerspaces by showing how design projects emerging from these spaces can address the needs of marginalized people. Relevance to Design Practice – This study contributes to knowledge on design with and by marginalized people. It provides insights relevant for the organization of humanitarian makerspaces.
Using View Frustum Structure for Beam Tracing Acceleration

Beam tracing (BT) method has been widely used in indoor and low-altitude radio propagation simulations. The most time-consuming process in BT is to find the intersected KD-tree nodes for beams. In this paper, the view frustum culling (VFC) method is introduced for accelerating the intersecting process. The simple and robust strategy for intersection judgment in VFC ensures 2x speedup over the original BT. Simulation results compared with the measured data validates the efficiency of the proposed method.
A Deep-Learning Characteristic Modes Classification Model for Patch Antennas

In this work, a deep-learning surrogate model is developed with the objective to predict the characteristic modes of any general geometry. Namely, a physics-based correlation function is introduced capable of classifying the modal currents of different geometries. These currents are used in turn to train our image-based supervised deep neural network. To generate the desired number of arbitrary geometrical shapes, Gielis’ supershape formula is utilized. As a proof-of-concept, our algorithm is tested on patch antennas that have shapes of perturbed rectangles. Our results show that our deep neural network has good predictive ability.
12-Bit Chip-less RFID Tag with High Coding Capacity per Unit Area

This paper presents a novel, low cost and highly compact chip-less radio frequency identification (CRFID) tag. The tag consists of multiple circular and rectangular metallic closed loop resonators, with an overall size of 12×12 mm2. Plane wave is used to excite the tag. Its frequency response is analyzed against radar cross section (RCS) from 4 to 20 GHz. It can encode a 12-bit sequence and has a high code density of 8.33 bits/cm2. Due to its compactness, the proposed tag has potential for different RFID applications.
Multiple Delayed Signal Cancellation Filter-Based Enhanced Frequency-Locked Loop Under Adverse Grid Conditions

An accurate and prompt estimation of phase angles, frequency, and magnitudes of the grid voltage is extremely important in paving a good platform for a fast and reliable operation of power grid monitoring, protection, and control. The phase-locked loop (PLL) served this purpose for decades, while the concept of the frequency-locked loop (FLL) has been proposed more recently. Even though the FLL and the PLL share some similarities, some differences still exist. Further research on FLLs can boost their capabilities and open up new windows in designing devices for grid synchronization. Multiple delayed signal cancellation (MDSC) filters are a peculiar system of filters. Their applications to FLLs can enrich FLL’s performance. This article focuses on applying the stationary reference frame MDSC filters at in-loop and prefiltering stages of the FLL and compares its effectiveness with widely used cascaded delayed signal cancellation (CDSC) and complex bandpass filter (CBF) based filtering techniques. The application of the $K$-factor-methodology-based controller design to FLLs has also been explored for dynamic performance enhancements. A new cascaded multiple delayed signal cancellation (CMDSC) filter is proposed and is compared with its CDSC counterpart proposed in the literature to address the effects of dc offsets and imbalances under adverse grid conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through OPAL-RT real-time simulations and dSPACE ds1104 and TMS320F28335 microcontroller experimental test bench.
Research on Centralized Optimization Clearing Method for Interregional Spot Market

The paper presents an in-depth analysis of the clearing process of the interregional renewable energy spot market currently in operation and the trading path construction method, and explains the issues that need to be considered for the future development of this market. On this basis, a centralized and efficient interregional spot market clearing model is proposed, which makes full use of the current trading path construction method, considering the same optimization objective of price difference matching method and security constraints of interregional and regional power grids. With high scalability, this model can meet the requirements of power grid safe operation and further improve the enforceability of market clearing results. It can provide theoretic support for the development of interregional spot market and the effective coordination between cross regional and regional spot market in the future. A case study of a 5-region system is adopted to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed model.
A Pattern Reconfigurable Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons Antenna

In this paper, a new design of a reconfigurable antenna based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) antenna parity mode switching is proposed. The antenna just uses one PIN diode realize the switching between omnidirectional radiation pattern and directional radiation pattern. For simplicity, a metal block is added in the simulation to simulate the conduction of the PIN diode, and the metal block is removed to simulate the disconnection of the PIN diode. The simulated results show that the antenna works on the omnidirectional radiation pattern within 5.52GHz-5.62GHz by switching the PIN diode off. When the PIN diode is on, the endfire radiation pattern can be obtained and its operating frequency is 5.46GHz-5.6GHz with the maximum gain 5.77dB.
Synthesis and Design of Non-Equiripple Filter with Composite Coplanar Waveguide and Slotlines

This conference paper presents synthesis and design process for equiripple and non-equiripple bandpass filters using composite coplanar waveguide (CPW) and slotlines. The proposal of the non-equiripple filter is to reduce the manufacturing sensitivity and ensure the better in-band responses. A set of nonlinear equations are derived to obtain the coefficients of the characteristic function (CF) of the non-equiripple filter. Based on the derived normalized characteristic impedances, equiripple and non-equiripple CPW-based filters are designed, simulated and fabricated. The simulated and measured results show that the non-equiripple filter has a lower insertion loss than the equiripple one near the band edge and demonstrate the reduced sensitivity to manufacturing errors of non-equiripple filter.
Comparison of ADS-B Verification Methods: Direct TDOA and MLAT

Automatic Dependent Surveillance—Broadcast (ADS-B) is an emerging means of aeronautical surveillance for air traffic control. Aircraft periodically broadcast positional updates to ground stations. Although ADS-B outperforms traditional radars in terms of accuracy and update rate, positional verification—a technique used to check the validity of the position report—is necessary to counter anomalies. In this study, two different methods were compared when the ground stations measure time difference of arrival (TDOA). One is direct; the test statistic is essentially the difference between the measurement and a prediction calculated from the position report. Another method is multilateration (MLAT)-based and two-step; the emitter position is firstly estimated, whereupon the difference between the estimated and reported positions constitutes the test statistic. As a result of the comparison, a performance difference, which depending on the number of receivers, was revealed. This is an useful suggestion for implementing ADS-B when the existing multilateration infrastructure is exploited.
Massive load control technology for a double-layer grid regulation

It is important to make full use of the massive micro load to participate in grid regulation and control to ease the pressure of grid regulation and help grid carbon emission reduction. Firstly, the demand of the massive load control technology is analyzed, and the challenges faced by the massive load control technology are analyzed. Then the architecture of the massive load control technology for low carbon grid regulation is constructed. Secondly, based on the constructed technical architecture, the technical route of massive load control technology is proposed, which mainly includes a double-layer response model which can integrate with the response potential and response benefits. Finally, the research and development of fast response load control devices and systems are developed, an actual case is simulated to help the power grid to realize the double carbon target as soon as possible.
Noise Resistant Time-domain Inversion via Cascaded Network for Human Tissues

In this paper, a cascaded deep learning network consisting of an unsupervised U-net and a supervised EfficientNet is proposed to reconstruct the permittivity and conductivities of human tissues from time-domain measurements under high noise environments. The proposed framework has demonstrated superior computational efficiency without sacrificing accuracy. Compared to traditional approaches, a fully trained framework can avoid cumbersome iterations and retrieve the required electromagnetic parameters simultaneously. It is believed that the proposed architecture can be widely applied in real-time medical imaging scenarios.
S-Band Circularly Polarized Wideband Loaded Slot Antenna for CubeSat Applications

With the recent proliferation of CubeSat missions, there is a critical need for space-ready antennas with a desired set of characteristics. In this paper, a wideband, circularly polarized (CP), S-band loaded slot antenna with a co-planar waveguide (CPW) feed is proposed for CubeSat applications. The antenna geometry is presented, and its performance is validated through extensive numerical electromagnetic simulations and measurements. The proposed antenna is shown to achieve fractional impedance bandwidth of 37.1% centered around 3.5 GHz, axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 18.75%, and 7-8 dBi gain all while being lower profile and constructed on space-qualified substrate (i.e., Rogers RO4350B).
Compact Circular Polarized Fractal Antenna Array for Vehicle Communication Systems

A left-handed circular polarization (LHCP) fractal antenna array was designed and presented in this work focused on applications in vehicular communication systems in the 5.85–5.925 GHz frequency range, the array was developed based on the IEEE802.11p standard. The new geometry used as element array was generated in MATLAB™, using Koch fractal transformation in the complex plane. The transmission line antenna was fed by a connected to a underneath each fractal rotated truncated rectangular patch element of the array to generate circular polarization. The bandwidth the circularly polarized array is equal 72.5 MHz at 5.88 GHz, with on axial ratio of 0.22 dB. The compact dimensions of the array were optimized for applications in road units RSUs. Double layer dielectric substrate with a permittivity of 10.20 and a thickness of 1.27 mm was used on the design. The first results were obtained using ANSYS Designer™ full wave simulation software.
Signal Integrity Design and Optimization of a High Speed Single Ended Multi Load Circuit

The development of semiconductor technology promotes the integration of modern digital systems and the continuous improvement of data transmission bandwidth. Due to the limitations of system structure and cost, single ended signals are still often considered to be used in multi load circuits. For the high-speed single ended multi load circuit, this paper proposes a design method of optimizing the classical daisy chain topology circuit by series termination matching to optimize the signal integrity, and the reflection simulation analysis of the improved circuit is carried out. Finally, the method is practiced in a project. The measured results show that it meets the requirements of high-speed single ended multi load circuit, and further proves the correctness of the method.
Model Predictive Control of Industrial Demand Response for Production Lines

Large energy consumers can actively participate in the energy market and Demand-Side Management (DSM) by providing wide-band flexibility, spreading over time scales from seconds to weeks and months. We propose a conceptual formulation and develop a technical solution to autonomous Demand-Response (DR) at small time scale for industrial applications using the model-predictive control (MPC) approach. More precisely, a repeated optimization problem over a finite rolling horizon is considered aiming at maximization of the economic benefits of a fabric, whereby, in particular, service contracted financial revenues are weighted against reduced production. Such algorithms yield a profitable trade-off by online optimal planning of energy consumption vs. production, thereby considering the machine and process dynamics which in the common industrial practice has been traditionally neglected. The proof-of-concept and design of the algorithm are demonstrated in a case-study of centralized control of a piloting production line for beverage production consisting of a single production machine and a pair of feeding/delivery conveyor belts. The efficiency of the algorithmic solution is demonstrated by numerical simulations.
Design of Peak-Valley TOU Customized Package Based on Choice Behavior of Users

In the spot market environment, the wholesale price fluctuates in real time and provides a stronger time-of-use price signal for the retail market. It is necessary to combine the construction of spot market with the optimization of package in the retail market to fully respond to the development of the power market. Therefore, based on the basic ideas of design of retail package, the time-of-use pricing model is established by taking the maximization of profit and the minimization of risk as the objective function, taking into account the market share, user's independent choice constraint and risk constraint. Among them, the user's independent choice constraint analyzes the probability of the user choosing the package and the size of electricity consumption adjusted by users from the perspective of user utility value. The simulation analysis takes three typical users of steady type, peak meeting type and peak avoiding type as the target, and the result shows that electricity retailers can encourage users to actively adjust their electricity consumption by designing peakvalley time-of-use pricing based on users' choice behavior, so as to improve their own income and achieve a win-win situation for themselves and users.
Design of a 1-Bit Broadband Low-Cost Metal-Only Reconfigurable Reflectarray with Polarization Transforming Capability

In this paper, a 1-bit broadband low-cost metal-only reconfigurable reflectarray (RRA) is designed at X-band. The 3-D spiral ladder element consists of a square base, a circular turntable and three ladders with different heights. By rotating the proposed 3-D RRA element mechanically, the 1-bit reflected phase and orthogonal polarization transforming are achieved. Then, a 26×26 metal-only RRA is designed and fed by 20° offsetting corrugated horn. The simulated gain of the pencil beam is 27.7 dBi @10.0GHz with aperture efficiency of 27.5%. And the −1 dB gain bandwidth is 24%, it shows that proposed RRA has a broadband characteristic. Compared with the RRA printed on the multilayer substrates which adjusts phase by switching RF switches, the proposed metal-only RRA has simple structure and no additional RF loss.
Using Machine Learning to Focus on an Object of Interest During Remote Collaboration

As the need for world-wide, on-demand, real-time technical support increases, remote collaboration solutions are enabling critical virtual telepresence capabilities for remote Subject Matter Experts (SME). Whether the use case is providing remote technical support during assembly, test, inspection, integration, or troubleshooting and repair, today’s commercial remote collaboration solutions face practical utilization challenges. Remote collaboration solutions rely on two-way video streaming. The deployment of these solutions is often restricted, or severely limited, to specific use cases in specific locations because of potential visual data spills. Mitigation of this risk currently means limiting where cameras are allowed and moving objects of interest (OOI) into rooms where cameras are deemed safe to use. Such limitations create a need for automatic filtering of live video streams which is easy for manufacturing and maintenance workers to use.
ChemGrid: An Open-Ended Benchmark Domain for an Open-Ended Learner

This paper introduces ChemGrid, which is a novel video-game-based domain for exploring open-ended artificial intelligence capable of setting arbitrary goals for itself. In this domain, agents must satisfy a minimal goal of crafting a preset “survival molecule” but otherwise can pursue their own agendas related to crafting in an artificial chemistry based on the concept of pathway complexity from artificial life. In particular, agents can discover new molecular recipes by joining existing recipes together and breaking them apart. This paper explores the design space afforded by the artificial chemistry. The main contribution is the introduction of ChemGrid itself, which is intended as a future benchmark domain for general game-playing algorithms.
Mutual Coupling Reduction in a DGS-Incorporated Millimeter-Wave MIMO Antenna Array

This paper presents a T- and E-shaped defected ground surface (DGS) to reduce the mutual coupling in a tightly spaced MIMO antenna array in the millimeter-wave (MMW) frequency range. By carefully optimizing the dimensions and positions of the slots on the ground plane, a 50 dB maximum mutual coupling reduction is achieved over the 62-77 GHz bandwidth (21.6 %), with an edge-to-edge spacing of 0.55 mm (0.13λ), where λ is the free-space wavelength, at the center frequency of 70 GHz. The carefully etched ground plane also improved the bandwidth, especially between the 60-70 GHz band, with good radiation properties. These results make the proposed tightly spaced, highly isolated MMW antenna array a good candidate for MMW V-band applications.
Fabrication and Measurement of LT-GaAs Photoconductive THz Broadband Antennas

This paper presents fabrication and experimental measurements of broadband terahertz (THz) photoconductive antennas (PCAs), based on the conventional low temperature gallium arsenide (LT-GaAs) material. Various antenna electrode geometries, that were previously designed through computer simulations, are fabricated using the electron beam lithography (EBL). The generated time domain pulse is measured using a time domain spectroscopy system (TDS). The bandwidth of each emitting device is obtained using the fast Fourier transform of the generated electric field pulse.
Temporal Neural Encoding Methods for Spiking Neural Networks

Spike neural networks (SNNs) have gained growing attention, and the temporal encoding methods for the signal input are also crucial. Among these encoding algorithms, a suitable and simple encoding method not only affects the performance of the SNNs but also relates to the expansion in hardware. Several high-performance and easily realized encoding algorithms are discussed in this paper.
On the H2 Representation of EFIE MoM

An efficient way to construct a data-sparse ${\mathcal{H}^2}{\text{ - matrix}}$ representation of the Electric Field Integral Equation (EFIE) is proposed. The method is based on the physical properties of the EFIE, yet is fully algebraic. These insights are leveraged to construct a nested basis which can be used to compress admissible, i.e. non-near interactions of the EFIE Matrix in a multi-level fashion. The resulting ${\mathcal{H}^2}{\text{ - matrix}}$ is found through computational experiments to be error controllable with nearly $\mathcal{O}(N\log N)$ and $\mathcal{O}\left( {{N^{1.5}}\log N} \right)$ complexity in memory and setup time respectively for problems up to 32 wavelengths in all three dimensions. Moreover the matrix vector multiplication time is very fast and scales as nearly $\mathcal{O}(N\log N)$.
Moody5: Personality-biased agents to enhance interactive storytelling in video games

In story-driven video games, such as Role-Playing Games (RPGs), a static and repetitive interaction with Non-Player Characters (NPCs) can negatively impact fun and immersion. On the contrary, an NPC able to show emotions and endowed with a personality that matches its behavior can keep the user engaged for a longer time. Unfortunately, this aspect has not yet been fully investigated. We propose Moody5, a preliminary solution designed to help game designers create “personality-biased” agents able to interact in sensible ways in the framework of interactive storytelling. In particular, it supports the creation of agents that exploit the Goal-Oriented Action Planning (GOAP) technique to reach their goals but whose chain of actions and quality of the interaction with the player are dynamically affected by personality and emotions. To obtain this result, we have borrowed ideas from the Big Five theory [1] and the Emotion Facial Action Coding System (EMFACS) by Ekman & Friesen [2]. We validated the proposed solution in a narrative test scenario inspired by the Harry Potter universe. Our preliminary survey demonstrated that Moody5 could improve the gameplay experience and replay value while providing a helpful Unity plugin for game developers.
A 4x4 Planar UWB-MIMO Antenna with Dual Linear Polarization for WLAN/5G/WiFi/X-band

This paper describes a 4 × 4 planar ultra-wideband multiple-input multiple-output (UWB-MIMO) antenna with a compact size of 29.28 mm × 29.28 mm × 1 mm. The antenna employs a defected ground structure-assisted bandwidth improvement approach for achieving ultra-wideband operating bandwidth. Within the frequency range of 4.7 to 22 GHz, the isolation level of the proposed antenna is less than 20.5 dB. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is good enough, less than 0.0027 with the diversity gain (DG) being nearly 10. All scenarios were simulated using CST Studio 2020. The proposed antenna was manufactured and tested. The test and simulation results are in good agreement.