Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Range versus Rate in IEEE 802.11g Wireless Local Area Networks by

To determine the effectiveness of a family of modulation and coding options for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications, it is useful to understand how data throughput and distance are traded. In this paper, a mathematical model is presented that allows for a rational comparison of IEEE 802.11g proposals. In this study the legacy CCK systems are compared to the PBCC, CCK/OFDM and 11a/OFDM. The comparison demonstrates that while PBCC and 11a/OFDM follow similar rate versus range curves, the additional overhead required for 802.11b backwards compatibility of the CCK/OFDM has a severe rate versus range penalty .
The Effect of Field-Based Learning Experiences on Students' Understanding of Selected Ecological Concepts.

simple to complex/ familiar to unfamiliar, and factual based to higher order questions); and 3) field testing with four distinct groups of high school students from Akron and Columbus, Ohio (resulting in three revisions based on item analysis, correlational analyses, and student and teacher feedback). The first draft of the Student Ecology Assessment (SEA) was reviewed by faculty members from The Ohio State Univer­ sity’s Department of Educational Theory and Practice and the School of Natural Resources as well as science field studies program administrators and educators from Florida, Alabama, and Ohio. The ideas and suggestions expressed by these individuals were incorporated in the second version of the instrument. This instrument was then administered to two groups (n=16 and 14) of secondary biology students from a suburb of Akron, Ohio. Statistical analysis of stu­ dent responses and feedback from the participating teachers formed the basis of the third revision of the instrument. In this draft, the number of items was collapsed reducing the number of items from 61 to 40. Some of the items were re-written to improve clarity. After further modification, the revised instrument was then given to two groups of secondary science students (n=29 and 28) from an urban private school in Columbus, Ohio. Test results, informal comments from the participat­ ing groups# and suggestions from additional reviewers were used in another revision of the SEA instrument. The major change occurred in the format of the items with nearly all items being restructured into a multiple choice pattern. This version (the fourth) served as the testing instrument in the study. Summary statistics of pilot test results are provided in Table 1. The statistical program# ItemA Statpack (Ohio State University, 1982) was utilized for the analysis. Information from this analysis was used primari­ ly to determine the instrument's reliability. Summary sta­ tistics are also presented in Tables 2 through 4 for each participating group . Although data are provided for pre­ test# posttests, and retention tests# only pretest data were considered in assessing the instrument's reliability since instruction was designed to lead students to mastery of the concepts and not to discriminate. This is evidenced in the data and is apparent in the reported measures of central tendency.
Oracle E-Business Suite 11i: Implementing Core Financial Applications

From the Publisher: Oracle is the second largest software company in the world and ranks second to SAP in ERP vendors. Oracle has just come out with the newest release of their ERP system, version 11i, and is promoting this release heavily. It is Oracle's first full new release in over five years and it is expected to remain Oracle's platform for the next five or more years. The “i” represents Oracle's first presentation of Oracle applications in Internet form, one in which the concept of specific forms loaded as clients or as dumb terminals is replaced by a commitment to industry standard Internet form that should be accessible by anyone anywhere. This book covers how to utilize Oracle applications to retrieve information and provide a tutorial path for navigating through financials.
Static analysis of dynamic scripting languages

Scripting languages, such as PHP, are among the most widely used and fastest growing programming languages, particularly for web applications. Static analysis is an important tool for detecting security flaws, finding bugs, and improving compilation of programs. However, static analysis of scripting languages is difficult due to features found in languages such as PHP. These features include run-time code generation, dynamic weak typing, dynamic aliasing, implicit object and array creation, and overloading of simple operators. We find that as a result, simple analysis techniques such as SSA and def-use chains are not straight-forward to use, and that a single unconstrained variable can ruin our analysis. In this paper we describe a static analyser for PHP, and show how classical static analysis techniques can be extended to analyse PHP. In particular our analysis combines alias analysis, type-inference and constantpropagation for PHP, computing results that are essential for other analyses and optimizations. We find that this combination of techniques allows the generation of meaningful and useful results from our static analysis. 1. Motivation In recent years the importance of dynamic scripting languages — such as PHP, Python, Ruby and Javascript — has grown as they are used for an increasing amount of software development. Scripting languages provide high-level language features, a fast compilemodify-test environment for rapid prototyping, strong integration with database and web development systems, and extensive standard libraries. PHP powers many of the most popular web applications such as Facebook, Wikipedia and Yahoo. In general, there is a trend towards writing an increasing amount of an application in a scripting language rather than in a traditional programming language, not least to avoid the complexity of crossing between
A Place of Memory and Possibility: Creating Sites of Power and Meaning with Indigenous Collections

Abstract The practices of Indigenous New Museum Theory (INMT), or decolonizing the museum, are re-centering where museum knowledge comes from, how museums represent peoples and cultures, how museums treat objects, and whose voice(s) speak in museum exhibitions. New interpretations, relationships, and relevancies can change the narratives of indigenous collections, from formerly forgotten or misrepresented objects to cohesive collections that focus authority within Native experience, knowledge and voice(s). This article examines the role of Indigenous New Museum Theory in the success or failure of an exhibit at the University of Kansas, through a critical analysis of the exhibition's organization and interpretation. Data from a summative evaluation of the exhibit and its subsequent analysis reveals that “decolonizing the museum” is successful in creating space for Native voice(s) in the museum, as well as changing the narrative of the ethnographic collection at the University of Kansas.
Lexical Mapping in the UMLS Metathesaurus

Abstract A critical knowledge source being developed as part of the NLM's UMLS Project is a biomedical thesaurus, called the Metathesaurus. Central to the Metathesaurus will be inter-term relationships, across several biomedical nomenclatures and classification systems, which are derivable from lexical mapping techniques. Previous UMLS research on intervocabulary mapping elaborated these techniques. During the Fall of 1988, they were extended and used to build META-0, a 2,000-concept demonstration Metathesaurus. META-0 was composed primarily of the most frequently occurring MEDLINE index terms from MeSH, and MeSH will be the main source of concepts for META-1, the initial public version of the Metathesaurus. Review of META-0 suggested several refinements to the methodology for building META-1. These include labeling MeSH Entry Terms as lexical variants or synonyms before linking them to other sources. Later work refined algorithmic methods which detect lexical variants in MeSH. The META-1 lexical mapping methodology derives from this research.
PERFORMANCE AS METAPHOR

Performance is clearly one of those terms that Raymond Williams calls "keywords," or words (e.g., realism, naturalism, mimesis, structure) whose meanings are "inextricably bound up with the problems [they are] being used to discuss. "' Find a word that is suddenly emerging from normal semantic practice (a word you are hearing, say, a dozen times a week), and you can bet that it is a proto-keyword spreading on the winds of metaphor. And in this process the word's standard dictionary meanings seem to fall into a dormancy while the new "key" meaning, not yet clear, gets tested and extended far and wide, revised, qualified, and finally settles into the vocabulary as if it had always meant what it now means.2
Regression estimation with support vector learning machines

1 Support Vector Learning Machines (SVLM) have become an emerging technique which has proven successful in many traditionally neural network dominated applications. This is also the case for Regression Estimation (RE). In particular we are able to construct spline approximations of given data independently from the number of input-dimensions regarding complexity during training and with only linear complexity for reconstruction-compared to exponential complexity in conventional methods.
Dynamics of Granular Material on Small Bodies

Die ROSETTA Sonde der Europaischen Raumfahrtorganisation ESA passierte auf dem Weg zu ihrem Zielobjekt, dem Kometen 67P/Tschurjumow-Gerasimenko, am 10. Juli 2010 den Asteroiden (21) Lutetia in einer Entfernung von 3170 km. Das Kamera-System der Sonde, OSIRIS (Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System), machte wahrend des Vorbeiflugs 462 Photoaufnahmen. Anhand dieser Aufnahmen fand man heraus, dass (21) Lutetia von einer Schicht aus Regolith bedeckt ist, die teilweise mehrere Hundert Meter dick ist. An einigen Kraterhangen liesen sich lawinenartige Abrutsche erkennen. Ein moglicher Auslosemechanismus fur solche Lawinen in niedriger Schwerkraft ist der Einschlag von langsamen Partikeln in einem Grosenbereich von mm bis cm. In dieser Arbeit wurde experimentell untersucht, unter welchen Voraussetzungen ein solcher kleinskaliger Einschlag in der Lage ist, eine Lawine auf einem Asteroiden auszulosen. Die Auswertung der gesammelten Daten ergab, dass kleinskalige Einschlage in der Lage sind Lawinen auszulosen, wenn der Neigungswinkel des Hanges nah am Schuttwinkel des untersuchten Materials sein muss. Auserdem spielt die Korngrosenverteilung des Hangmaterials eine wichtige Rolle fur die Wahrscheinlichkeit eine Lawine auszulosen. Auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse dieses Experiments wurden Monte-Carlo-Simulationen durchgefuhrt, um die Zeitskala zu bestimmen, auf der dieser Prozess der kleinskaligen Einschlage die Oberflache eines Asteroiden beeinflusst. Die Lebensdauer eines steil geneigten Hanges auf einem Asteroiden im Hauptgurtel ergab sich daraus zu etwa Hunderttausend Jahren. Die mikrophysikalischen Prozesse wahrend eines kleinskaligen Einschlags wurden mit Hilfe der so genannten Discrete Element Method untersucht. Dazu wurde die Software ESyS-Particle benutzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die durch den Einschlag in das System eingebrachte Energie grostenteils in Partikeln nahe der Oberflache verbleibt. Die Energie wird durch inelastische Stose zwischen den Kornern des Target-Materials dissipiert. Die Energie, die in der Oberflachenschicht verbleibt, wird vom Einschlagspunkt ausgehend radialsymmetrisch verteilt. Fur einen hohen Wert von g wird dieser Prozess von der Gravitation dominiert, fur kleine Werte von g spielt die Geometrie der Teilchen im Target die grosere Rolle. Diese Erkenntnisse bestatigen den Schluss, dass kleinskalige Einschlage, sowohl in reduzierter wie auch in normaler Schwerkraft, geeignet sind, Erdrutsche und Lawinen auszulosen.
Trust me: design patterns for constructing trustworthy trust indicators

In a world where making an incorrect online trust decision can mean giving away highly personal information to a con artist, Internet users need effective online trust indicators to help them make better trust decisions. In a perfect world, software could automatically detect all security threats and then block access to high risk websites. Because there are many threats that we cannot detect with 100% accuracy and false positives may exist, web browser vendors choose to warn users about security threats. Privacy threats also abound on the Internet, but unlike security threats, concerns about privacy threats are nuanced; not everyone cares what a website may do with personal information. To address the varying privacy needs of Internet users, privacy information can be conveyed using contextual indicators that represent privacy policies, because natural language privacy policies are notoriously difficult to read. In this thesis I qualitatively examine online trust indicators across three varying contexts: web browser phishing warnings, web browser SSL warnings, and indicators that represent website privacy policies. I create guidelines for overcoming many common trust indicator failures, and then I validate these guidelines. I examine these different contexts using a model from the warning sciences in order to shed light on how common failures can be avoided and how design concerns change based on context. I used the results of several user studies that I conducted to compile a set of design patterns for online trust indicators that help designers overcome many common indicator failures. Finally, I highlight the different design considerations between high risk warnings and contextual indicators.
Perceptually-Based Color and Texture Features for Image Segmentation and Retrieval

Objective A full-time R & D position in the field of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Interests include but not limited to image and video analysis, image and video quality and pattern recognition and machine learning. • Strong R & D capability of digital image processing, specialized in image quality, segmentation, composition and image semantics • Experienced in JPEG/JPEG2000 standard and related product development • Skilled in existing image process algorithm (e.g. Retrieval " Developed spatially adaptive low-level features for image segmentation and retrieval that are based on perceptual principles about the processing of texture and color information. Proposed an algorithm that combines these features to obtain image segmentations that convey semantic information that can be used for content-based retrieval. The emphasis was on images of natural scenes. Designed and implemented subjective experiments for perceptual tuning of the algorithm. The novelty of the work is in the incorporation of knowledge of human perception and signal characteristics into feature extraction and algorithm design. Two types of features were considered. Spatially adaptive dominant colors were used as color composition features. Such features reflect the fact that the human visual system cannot simultaneously perceive a large number of colors, and also, the fact that image colors are spatially varying. Spatial texture features were based on a multiscale frequency decomposition, which approximates early processing in the human visual system. Local median energy of the subband coefficients was used to boost texture responses within regions
Online Student Discussions in a Blended Learning Classroom: Reconciling Conflicts Between a Flipped Instruction Model and Reform-Based Mathematics

Online Student Discussions in a Blended Learning Classroom: Reconciling Conflicts Between a Flipped Instruction Model and Reform-Based Mathematics Lewis LeGrande Young Department of Teacher Education, BYU Master of Arts Two ideas are prevalent in teacher professional development today. Teachers are finding new and innovative ways to incorporate technology into their classroom. The use of video and social media is increasing. One type of pedagogy that has emerged among the blended learning pedagogies is flipped instruction, where students participate in some of the instruction outside of the classroom. Another prevalent idea is the focus on inquiry learning and reform-based mathematics instruction. This pedagogy adheres to the idea that students can use their problem solving skills to understand complex mathematics. This qualitative content analysis outlines how one researcher sought to find a balance between the two ideas. The two ideas conflicted at times, but the researcher ultimately found innovative ways to reconcile those conflicts. The study describes how one fourth-grade class used a website to engage in mathematics conversations in a blended learning environment. This blended learning environment maintained the values of a reform-based mathematics classroom. The researcher found that students engaged in conversation online contained instances where students formed theories, questioned one another’s theories, built on the thinking of other students, used precise and formal language, and used evidence to support student thinking. Teachers that implement blended learning or flipped instruction should seek out methods that adhere to an inquiry approach to teaching mathematics. The researcher also found that the development of a student in a particular conceptual understanding may have an impact on the depth of conversation they engage in.
Extracting Information from Structured Exercises

Among the advantages of e-education is the availability of student homework in electronic form. This e-homework can be exploited and processed by tools extracting information useful for both students and teachers. In this paper, we present a model of student answers to exercises as well as mining techniques to apply on sets of answers. Exercises can be those proposed by on-line tutoring tools or more conventional exercises. The model provides extensive descriptive statistics of the classroom, including most common mistakes and shortest paths to solutions. More sophisticated information extracted through data mining techniques leads to classifications of students (e.g., by mistake or by ability) or discovery of mistakes often associated together.
Point-Light Visualization Developer, Version 1.0 User Guide

Abstract : This report is a user guide for the Point-Light Visualization Developer, ver1.0 (PLVD1.0), a software utility developed by 711 HPW/RHPA to enable the hand digitization of point-light imagery from 2D video sequences. Although there are model-based algorithms capable of automatically digitizing human point-light walkers from 2D video imagery, such algorithms are often limited by camera perspective, object occlusion, and clothing coverage. Furthermore, users may wish to develop point-light representations of objects in a video sequence other than humans. While manually intensive, PLVD1.0 allows the user the flexibility to create point-light video images from a diverse range of 2D video sequences for purposes of human perception/cognition studies and time series analysis of fiducial motion. Ultimately, this software is intended to facilitate the analysis of human and object motion.
Images and Ideas in Modern French Piano Music: The Extra-Musical Subtext in Piano Works by Ravel, Debussy, and Messiaen

In our visually-oriented society, music appears to stand apart from other arts. Yet just as a poet can write a poem whose focus is a painting, so musicians have composed scores based on poems, paintings, and other non-musical art forms. In instrumental music such reinterpretations are especially intriguing as the verbal or visual stimulus does not appear in performance but is rendered in musical form. In this study, Siglind Bruhn investigates how three French composers of the twentieth century, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, and Oliver Messiaen, express extra-musical subtexts in their piano works. She shows how the relation between the subtexts and the musical works can be broadly catagorized in terms of pictoriality and interiority. In all cases, Bruhn analyzes each musical piece and each source text in its entirety and in depth, drawing on her broad background in both literary and musical interpretation of the twentieth century. For pianists who seek to better understand an individual work, for scholars in the growing field of musical hermeneutics, and for lovers of music in general, this volume explores and makes explicit connections between music and other arts.
Brief Descriptions of Visual Features for Baseline TRECVID Concept Detectors

We describe the visual features used in the implementations of baseline concept detectors for our participation in NIST TRECVID 2006 high-level feature detection. Such features are part of the rich feature set that has been shown to be effective in previous TRECVID experiments, first in [1] then repeated in [2] and [3]. Original algorithms for extracting each feature may be found in references [4-6]. Publications of research using the feature data included here may acknowledge Akira Yanagawa and Digital Video/Multimedia Lab of Columbia University, and cite this technical report. References to original algorithms, when needed, should be made to those listed in the reference section.
Secure digital provenance: Challenges and a new design

Rangwala, Mohammed M. M.S., Purdue University, May 2014. Secure Digital Prove­ nance: Challenges and a New Design. Major Professor: Xukai Zou. Derived from the field of art curation, digital provenance is an unforgeable record of a digital object’s chain of successive custody and sequence of operations performed on the object. It plays an important role in accessing the trustworthiness of the object, verifying its reliability and conducting audit trails of its lineage. Digital provenance forms an immutable directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure. Since history of an object cannot be changed, once a provenance chain has been created it must be protected in order to guarantee its reliability. Provenance can face attacks against the integrity of records and the confidentiality of user information, making security an important trait required for digital provenance. The digital object and its associated provenance can have different security requirements, and this makes the security of provenance different from that of traditional data. Research on digital provenance has primarily focused on provenance generation, storage and management frameworks in different fields. Security of digital provenance has also gained attention in recent years, particularly as more and more data is mi­ grated in cloud environments which are distributed and are not under the complete control of data owners. However, there still lacks a viable secure digital provenance scheme which can provide comprehensive security for digital provenance, particu­ larly for generic and dynamic ones. In this work, we address two important aspects of secure digital provenance that have not been investigated thoroughly in existing works: 1) capturing the DAG structure of provenance and 2) supporting dynamic information sharing. We propose a scheme that uses signature-based mutual agree­ ments between successive users to clearly delineate the transition of responsibility of
Art of Software Testing

From the Publisher: Provides a practical rather than theoretical discussion of the purpose and nature of software testing. Emphasizes methodologies for the design of effective test cases. Comprehensively covers psychological and economic principles, managerial aspects of testing, test tools, high-order testing, code inspections, and debugging. Extensive bibliography. Programmers at all levels, and programming students, will find this reference work indispensible.