Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contrasting impacts of two types of El Niño events on winter haze days in China's Jing-Jin-Ji region

Abstract. El Niño events differ widely in their patterns and intensities. The regional climate anomalies caused by different types of El Niño events likely lead to various impacts on winter haze pollution in China. Based on long-term site observations of haze days in China from 1961 to 2013, this study explores the effects of eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) types of El Niño events on the number of winter haze days (WHDs) in China's Jing-Jin-Ji (JJJ) region and the physical mechanisms underlying WHD changes. The results show statistically significant positive and negative correlations, respectively, between WHDs in the JJJ region and EP and CP El Niño events. At most sites in the JJJ region, the average WHD increased in all EP El Niño years, with the maximum change exceeding 2.0 d. Meanwhile, the average WHD decreased at almost all stations over this region in all CP El Niño years, with the largest change being more than −2.0 d. The changes in large-scale circulations indicate obvious positive surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies and negative sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies over North China, as well as southerly wind anomalies at the middle to low troposphere over eastern China in the winters of EP El Niño years. These anomalies are conducive to increases in WHDs in the JJJ region. However, there are significant northerly and northwesterly wind anomalies at the middle to low troposphere over eastern China, as well as stronger and wider precipitation anomalies in the winters of CP El Niño years, which contribute to decreased WHDs over the JJJ region. Changes in local synoptic conditions indicate negative SLP anomalies, positive SAT anomalies, and weakened northerly winds over the JJJ region in the winters of EP El Niño years. The total occurrence frequency of circulation types conducive to the accumulation (diffusion) of aerosol pollutants is increased (decreased) by 0.4 % (0.2 %) in those winters. However, the corresponding frequency is decreased (increased) by 0.5 % (0.6 %) in the winters of CP El Niño years. Our study highlights the importance of distinguishing the impacts of these two types of El Niño events on winter haze pollution in China's JJJ region.
Do Firms Learn From Exporting if Returns to Scale are Variable?

In this study, we highlight the importance of the scale effect in the learning-byexporting analysis, which is overlooked by many recent UK studies. The effect of scale is ignored in the literature, since it is assumed to be zero under the constant returns to scale assumption. We provided evidence for an LBE effect when we consider the TFP measure, which we obtained from a Cobb-Douglas production function. However, the evidence of LBE vanishes when we considered the TFP measure, which considers variable returns to scale. We also found that the main source of TFP growth changes is attributable to a change in scale efficiency. In other words, unlike several other studies in the literature, we observed that technical improvements -arising from exportingdo not play any role in productivity growth effects of exporting.
Learning to ride a bike: Developing a therapeutic intervention

A task oriented intervention “Bike Skills Group” (BSG) programme was developed using theoretical/conceptual frameworks from occupational therapy and motor learning literature. Theoretical analysis supported bike riding as a therapeutic intervention. A clinical audit of 53 children (48 boys 5 girls) aged 6-15 years with various difficulties found 47 (89%) children learnt to ride independently and the majority (n=29 63%) learnt to ride in four hours (range two16 hours). Developing complex interventions like the BSG requires synthesis of conceptual, empirical and experiential evidence which can be evaluated through the clinical audit process. The BSG is a theory-based, successful therapeutic intervention for learning to ride a bike.
A Theta-Gamma Neural Code for Feature Set Composition with Phase-Entrained Delta Nestings*

Continuing a recent line of research into the functional role of neural oscillations in language and cognition, I propose that a central computational system (implemented via gamma, theta and delta interactions) interfaces with external interpretive and attentional systems (implemented via beta and alpha modulations) to derive certain core features of phrasal construction. These interactions are achieved through the coupling of the phase and amplitude of distinct rhythms. A theta-gamma code generates the initial feature-set while thalamic and occipital alpha is used to inhibit irrelevant information sources. This code is itself embedded within left-cortical delta rhythms while an increasing beta rhythm, which finds its source within a cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop, is used to maintain the existing cognitive set in memory. Neuroethological arguments are presented in favour of the species-specific nature of this neural code, and it is argued that the unique hierarchies exhibited in natural language emerge from this human-specific rhythmic profile.
Desenredo y suavizado de mallas de tetraedros en el método del mecano

El método del mecano [13] es un procedimiento para generar mallas tridimensionales de un dominio definido por una triangulación de su superficie, Σs. La idea básica consiste en descomponer Σs en parches conexos, Σ i s , a los que se les asocian las caras externas de un mecano que aproxima el objeto y que se construye a partir de piezas elementales interconectadas. La parametrización de Floater establece una correspondencia biyectiva entre las caras exteriores del mecano y los parches Σ s , de manera que un punto cualquiera de la superficie del mecano queda asociado a un único punto de Σs. En este trabajo nos centramos en el problema de cómo transformar los nodos interiores del mecano de manera que la malla tridimensional del objeto no contenga tetraedros invertidoss y sea de buena calidad. Esta tarea se lleva a cabo mediante un proceso iterativo el que cada nodo de la malla se desplaza a una nueva posición que optimiza la malla local, esto es, el conjunto de tetraedros conectados al nodo nodo libre. En la optimización de la malla local utilizamos una variante de las funciones objetivo habituales que fue introducida en [4] y que, a diferencia de éstas, es capaz de actuar sobre mallas enredadas. 1 Introducción The meccano technique proposed in [13] creates a 3-D triangulation of a solid defined by a triangulation of its surface. The meccano consists of a series of interconnected pieces
SEMAPRO 2019 Proceedings

While many writing assistance systems can automatically correct grammatical errors, most do not provide any explanation about their suggested corrections. This paper proposes an algorithm that selects example sentences to serve as feedback on preposition usage correction. This algorithm exploits the argument/adjunct distinction to select the most relevant example sentences. Evaluation shows that the use of argumenthood information improves the quality of the selected sentences. Keywords–computer-assisted language learning; example sentence selection; grammatical error correction feedback; preposition.
Effect of Biology and Bioclimatology Applied Studies on Plant in the Area of Jerusalem in Palestine

Apple tree (Malus domesticaL.Borkh) is one of the most important export crops in Palestine. We analyzed the mean annual temperature and precipitation using data from one weather station of the Palestine Meteorological Department, recorded in the period from 1993-2012 (19 years), with the same years plant production (rain-fed) from the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). Statistical tests included a bioclimatic analysis of Palestinian meteorological station for the period previous by using bioclimatic classification of the Earth of Rivas Martinez Salvador, with regard to simple continentaly index, compensated thermicity index, annual ombrothermic index, water deficit and soil water reserve. In concluded, when we applied a principal component analysis (PCA), observed that the Jerusalem type plots were located at the right of axis 1 during (1997-2002) affected by the climate factor as soil water reserve, and during (2007-2012) influenced by compensated thermicity index, deficit water and temperature, while type plots were located at the left axis 1 during (1993-1997) affected by precipitation, simple continentally index and annual ombrothermic index. With a large proportion of the variance explained by axes 1 (98.97 %) and axes 2 (0.74%). We indicated that the apple trees were adapted in dry to humid regions which are characterized by moderate summer with temperature between 18-28 C, which had to obtain high quality of production, also the zero vegetation point for apple is 7C, above this level growth is active and reaches its optimum at about 18-28C, and the proper temperature range between 0-20 oC during the flowering period. Mediterranean and lower mesomediterranean environments, the optimum for the production of apple is achieved with values of simple thermicity index between 18-22, annual ombrothermic index between 2.5 4.5, and compensated thermicity index between 250-420 for the production of apricot in Jerusalem.
IMPACT OF IMPLEMENTING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON TEACHING IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MBEERE SUB-COUNTY, EMBU COUNTY, KENYA

The significant role of information and communication technology (ICT) in education has been improving and the Kenyan Government has developed policies and initiatives to institute the use of ICT’s in schools and this study therefore sought to establish the impact of implementing information technology on teaching in public secondary schools by examining the impact of ICT in teaching. The findings of the study showed that although the government established ICT policies to enhance use of ICT, secondary schools in the Sub County have not adequately implemented ICT in teaching, with the study showing that teachers lacked the necessary skills for the ICT uptake, though the they have the will and commitment to roll out the ICT policy as directed by the Ministry. The study recommends that teachers need to be supported through training on ICT skills necessary for teaching, and that computer applications to form part of the teacher training curriculum.
Predictors of mental health problems in adolescents living with HIV in Namibia

BACKGROUND Little research in sub-Saharan Africa has looked at factors that predict mental health problems in adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV). This study examines the psychological impact of HIV in adolescents in Namibia, including risk and protective factors associated with mental health. METHODS Ninety-nine fully disclosed ALHIV between the ages of 12 and 18 were interviewed at a State Hospital in Windhoek. A structured questionnaire assessed mental health, using the SDQ (Goodman, 1997), sociodemographic factors, poverty, social support, adherence and stigma. RESULTS Mean age was 14.3 years, 52.5% were female and most were healthy. Twelve percent scored in the clinical range for total mental health difficulties and 22% for emotional symptoms. Poverty was associated with more total mental health difficulties, t(96) = -2.63, p = . 010, and more emotional symptoms, t(96) = -3.45, p = . 001, whereas better social support was a protective factor, particularly caregiver support (r = -.337, p = .001). Adherence problems, HIV-related stigma and disclosing one's own HIV status to others were also associated with more total mental health difficulties. Poverty (β = -.231, p = .023) and stigma (β = .268, p = .009) were the best predictors for total mental health difficulties, whereas stigma (β = .314, p = .002) predicted emotional symptoms. Social support had a protective effect on peer problems (p = .001, β = -.349). CONCLUSIONS Several contextual factors associated with poorer mental health in ALHIV are identified.
An integrated internet-based system for analyzing the inﬂuence of emission sources and atmospheric transport on measured concentrations of trace gases and aerosols

Analysis of the measured atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, pollutants, aerosols or radioactive substances often requires information on the air mass transport and upwind emission sources. Historically, this information could only be obtained from calculated back trajectories. However, even though more advanced atmospheric transport models (backward-running Lagrangian particle dispersion models, adjoint chemistry transport models) are now available, the experimentalists still mostly use the simple but less accurate trajectory models. Tools that help the researchers with the interpretation of the rather complex output produced by the more advanced models are essential to improve this situation in the future. In this note we introduce a new internet-based system, which provides a suite of products derived from the output of a backward-running Lagrangian particle dispersion model. To enhance its value, the model output has been integrated with other information such as anthropogenic emission inventories and biomass burning ﬁre detections. We expect that systems like this will soon replace the simple trajectory models for most applications.
Protecting Your Data: Attribute-Based Keyword Search Authorization in the Cloud Environment

: Searchable encryption (SE) has been a promising technology which allows users to perform search queries over encrypted data. However, the most of existing SE schemes cannot deal with the shared records that have hierarchical structures. In this paper, we devise a basic cryptographic primitive called as attribute-based keyword search over hierarchical data (ABKS-HD) scheme by using the ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) technique, but this basic scheme cannot satisfy all the desirable requirements of cloud systems. In this paper, we focus on a different yet more challenging scenario where the outsourced dataset can be contributed from multiple owners and are searchable by multiple users, i.e. multi-user multicontributor case. Inspired by attribute-based encryption (ABE), we present the first attribute-based keyword search scheme with efficient user revocation (ABKS-UR) that enables scalable fine-grained (i.e. file-level) search authorization. Our scheme allows multiple owners to encrypt and outsource their data to the cloud server independently. Users can generate their own search capabilities without relying on an always online trusted authority. Fine-grained search authorization is also implemented by the owner-enforced access policy on the index of each file. Further, by incorporating proxy re-encryption and lazy reencryption techniques, we are able to delegate heavy system update workload during user revocation to the resourceful semitrusted cloud server. We formalize the security
FEEDING AND SWALLOWING IN THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF LIFE: WHAT ROLE FOR THE SLP

Background Infant feeding and swallowing disorders are increasing in prevalence due to medical advances and improved outcomes. Many professionals may work with these infants; however, professional roles in infant feeding remain undefined. Should speech-language pathologists be members of infant feeding and/or swallowing teams? What influences opinions and knowledge: formal education and/or increased experience in the field? Aims 1. What do undergraduate students, graduate students, and certified clinicians think about the SLPs as members of infant feeding and swallowing teams? 2. Where do undergraduate students, graduate students, and certified clinicians report learning about the role of the SLP in infant feeding and swallowing disorders? 3. When would undergraduate students, graduate students, and certified clinicians choose to learn about infant feeding and swallowing disorders? Method An anonymous survey was created and distributed to students (n = 98) and certified clinicians (n = 90) via the secure Qualtrics Survey System. Results A majority of students and clinicians agreed that it is extremely important to use a team based approach to care for infants with feeding and/or swallowing disorders (undergraduate students 50%, graduate students 77%, clinicians 87%). The participants reported learning about infant feeding and/or swallowing disorders in a variety of settings. The percent of participants who reported never having learned about this topic varied (undergraduate students 42%, graduate students 27%, and clinicians 2%). More undergraduate students would choose to learn about this topic as a part of their undergraduate education (83%), while graduate students (78%) and clinicians (51%) would choose to learn as a part of their graduate education. Conclusion Regardless of experience, speech-language pathology students and clinicians believe that SLPs do have a role on an infant feeding and/or swallowing team. The training that is provided for SLPs who wish to work in this highly specialized area is inconsistent and dependent upon available academic resources. Providing education during formal class and/or clinic is important to the participants in this study. It is necessary to understand that this education may provide a false sense of competency and may potentially influence the likelihood of students to continue seeking out educational and hands-on learning opportunities.
LA BRECHA DE GÉNERO EN MATEMÁTICAS Y EN LECTURA: UNA PERSPECTIVA COMPARADA ENTRE ESTUDIANTES

La brecha de género en matemáticas, que favorece a los chicos sobre las chicas en clase, ha adquirido cada vez más importancia en las últimas décadas. Teniendo en cuenta que la competencia matemática es crítica para las carreras STEM y para integrarse adecuadamente a través de profesiones relacionadas con las matemáticas en el mercado laboral, esta brecha es una fuente de preocupación social. Se ha debatido ampliamente la existencia y el origen de esta brecha de género. Los investigadores que representan un enfoque socio-cultural han resaltado el hecho de que se ha ido reduciendo a lo largo de los años, así como su variabilidad entre países y la correlación entre la amplitud de la brecha y los diferentes factores socio-culturales, es decir, las medidas de desigualdad de género por país, para desmontar las explicaciones basadas en diferencias biológicas. Sin embargo, a pesar de las docenas de publicaciones sobre el tema, la cuestión parece estar lejos de resolverse. La brecha inversa en lectura se ha documentado de forma consistente comparando países y edades. La brecha que favorece a las chicas ha recibido, sin embargo, menos atención, aun cuando la competencia lingüística es tan crucial para la carrera profesional y el mercado laboral como las matemáticas. La comparación de las brechas de género en lectura y en matemáticas ha mostrado que están muy correlacionadas entre países y a lo largo del tiempo, y que existe un orden de rango consistente por su magnitud. Más aún, cuando la brecha en matemáticas de reduce, normalmente la brecha inversa en lectura aumenta. Debido a esta reciprocidad, en todas las circunstancias, incluso cuando las chicas tienen mejor rendimiento que los chicos en matemáticas, las chicas tienden a tener mejor rendimiento en lectura que en matemáticas y los chicos tienden a hacerlo mejor en matemáticas que en lectura. En este estudio, se ha realizado un enfoque comparativo para explorar la relación mutua de las brechas en matemáticas y lectura de manera integradora, aplicando la perspectiva intra-grupo al nivel personal. Utilizando los datos de PISA 2012 de alrededor de medio millón de estudiantes de 15 años, procedentes de 10 000 centros educativos de 63 países, hemos examinado la diferencia entre estudiantes entre el rendimiento en matemáticas y lectura, además de una serie de correlatos potencialmente explicativos. De entre docenas de factores personales y escolares, el género se identificó como el predictor más dominante de la diferencia entre estudiantes. Los resultados fueron consistentes en la comparación internacional, y pueden explicar la persistencia de estereotipos de género en el rendimiento de matemáticas y en la menor representación de las mujeres en carreras relacionadas con STEM.
Effect of Feeding Intensity on Metabolic Maintenance, Reproduction and Welfare in Blue Fox (Vulpes lagopus)

The purpose was to evaluate effects of feeding intensity on metabolic maintenance, reproduction and welfare in blue fox vixens. Study groups were: Group 1: heavy slimming. Ad libitum feeding during September-November, aimed to produce extremely fat animals. Heavy slimming before breeding season, aim to have animals with normal breeding body condition. Group 2: maintenance of condition. Restricted feeding 35-45% from the level of Group 1 during September-November. Natural slimming to normal breeding condition. Group 3: Rising condition. Restricted feeding 50-60% from the level of Group 1 during September-November. Aim was to produce lean animals. Rising body condition was before breeding season, aimed to have animals with normal breeding body condition. Blood samples were taken regularly throughout the study. Results showed that urea concentration varied seasonally (P<0.001). Concentrations were lowest during winter period. In Group 1, heavy slimming before mating season lowered urea concentration significantly (P<0.001). During autumn period, concentration was lowest in Group 3 because of pronounced feeding restriction. Creatinine levels were highest during summer period in all groups. Glucose concentration varied seasonally in all groups (P<0.001). Intensive feeding clearly affected on triglycerides, glucose and insulin levels (P<0.01). Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels were highest during autumn period. Leptin concentration was highest in December in all groups. Thereafter, it clearly declined towards summer (P<0.001). Concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was highest in Group 1. Prolactin levels were same in all groups until insemination. During pregnancy, levels increased similarly in groups. After whelping, prolactin levels were low (P<0.05) in Group 1 compared to other groups. Whelping result in Group 1was very low (P<0.001) compared to Groups 2 and 3. It can be concluded that feeding intensity essentially influences on hormonal levels and reproduction in blue fox vixens.
The Impact of Internal and External Governance on Debt Financing Costs and Ratings: International Evidence PLEASE NOTE THAT WE DO NOT INTEND TO DISCUSS OTHER PAPER

Using a multinational-sample, we explore the effect of governance (internal and external) on the cost and rating of firms’ bonds. The strength of internal governance mechanisms is measured by the ultimate ownership of the firm, more specifically by the wedge between the voting and cash-flow rights of ultimate owners. While family control does not affect bond costs, the level of voting/cash-flow rights wedge affects them positively. In contrast, bond ratings are negatively affected by the existence of such a wedge, and by the presence of a controlling family. We also find that West European (but not East Asian) bondholders charge higher interest rates from firms with wider observed discrepancy. When we control for national governance systems, we show that the preservation of the creditor rights, the existence of public credit registries and the extent of newspapers’ circulations are important determinants of debt costs. As for debt ratings, they are essentially affected by the existence of public and private registries, the number of days to resolve a payment dispute through courts, and newspapers’ circulations. JEL Classification; G34; G38; F34