Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Net energy evaluation of feeds and determination of net energy requirements for pigs

Feeds for pigs can be attributed different energy values according to, first, the step considered in energy utilization (DE: digestible energy, ME: metabolizable energy and NE: net energy) and, second, the method used for estimation at each step. Reference methods for evaluating DE content are based on in vivo digestibility measurements; indirect estimates of DE values are obtained from in vitro methods or prediction equations based on chemical characteristics. Methods have also been proposed for estimating urinary energy (and gas energy to a smaller extent) in order to calculate ME content from DE value. The NE values originate from energy balance studies (slaughter methods or, more commonly, indirect calorimetry measurements in respiration chambers) and their compilation allows the calculation of NE prediction equations based on digestible nutrient contents or DE or ME contents. Such equations are applicable to both ingredients and compound feeds. They may differ between origins according to the fractionation method of organic matter or assumptions such as the NE requirement for maintenance (or fasting heat production). These measurements represent the bases for establishment of energy values in feeding tables. Results indicate that energy digestibility of feeds is negatively affected by dietary fibre content but this negative effect is attenuated with body weight increase, which suggests that feeds should be attributed DE values according to pig BW; in practice, at least two different DE values, one for growing-finishing pigs and one for mature pigs (reproductive sows), are recommended. The energy digestibility of pig feeds can also be affected by feed processing (pelletting, extrusion, etc.). Efficiency of ME utilization for NE averages 74-75% for conventional pig diets but it is directly dependent on diet chemical composition with efficiencies higher for ME from fat (90%) or starch (82%) than from protein or dietary fibre (60%). The hierarchy between feeds and results of least-cost formulation are then dependent on the energy system with overestimation of protein rich feeds and underestimation of starch and/or fat rich feeds in the DE or ME systems. The NE system provides an energy value which is the closest estimate of the "true" energy value of a feed; it predicts more accurately the performance of the pigs and allows implementing new feeding approaches such as the use of low protein and/or high fat diets. Energy requirements expressed as DE or ME can be transformed to NE requirements if we assume that the average efficiencies of DE or ME for NE are 71 and 74%, respectively. More sophisticated methods including modeling techniques can also be used for evaluating energy requirements.
Identification of Nutrients Limiting Rice Growth in Soils of Northeast Thailand under Water-Limiting and Non-Limiting Conditions

Summary Glasshouse nutrient omission trials are useful in identifying nutrient limitations for plant growth in soils under the same environmental conditions. Soils of low fertility are commonly used for production of rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.), and the crop often encounters water stress. Nutrient requirements may be modified when standing water disappears from the field. Two experiments with rice seedlings were conducted in a glasshouse at Ubon Rice Research Center, Thailand, to identify the nutrients which limit rice growth in soils of Northeast Thailand, and to determine whether nutrient limitations are affected by water availability. In Experiment 1, rice was grown on two soils (Roi et and Ubon series) under well-watered and water-limiting conditions, and 15 nutrient treatments were imposed. In Experiment 2, six soils from Northeast Thailand were examined using the same 15 nutrient treatments. The nutrients which clearly limited the growth of rice plants in soils of Northeast Thailand were nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In some cases, potassium (K) and sulfur (S) also limited growth, and in one soil zinc (Zn) and boron (B) also limited growth. A shortage of N was the most important limitation for plant growth in all soils except one in which P was more important. The low supply of P decreased plant height and leaf area development during early growth ; low N supply had a greater effect later during growth. The omission of P had a larger detrimental effect on growth when water supply was limited. In the Roi et soil, the omission of S had a large effect on leaf area and total dry matter production only under water stress conditions, but this was not found in the other soils examined. These results from glasshouse studies show that the nutrients limiting rice growth depend on soil type and water availability in soils of Northeast Thailand.
This Isnt the Free Will Worth Looking For: General Free Will Beliefs Do Not Influence Moral Judgments, Agent-Specific Choice..

According to previous research, threatening people’s belief in free will may undermine moral judgments and behavior. Four studies tested this claim. Study 1 used a Velten technique to threaten people’s belief in free will and found no effects on moral behavior, judgments of blame, and punishment decisions. Study 2 used six different threats to free will and failed to find effects on judgments of blame and wrongness. Study 3 found no effects on moral judgment when manipulating general free will beliefs but found strong effects when manipulating the perceived choice capacity of the judged agent. Study 4 used pretested narratives that varied agents’ apparent free will and found that perceived choice capacity mediated the relationship between free will and blame. These results suggest that people’s general beliefs about whether free will exists have no impact on moral judgments but specific judgments about the agent’s choice capacity do.
Sacred That and Wicked Which: Prescriptivism and Change in the Use of English Relativizers

Prescriptivism, ―the belief that the grammar of a language should lay down rules to which usage must conform‖ (Oxford English Dictionary n.d.) as the Oxford English Dictionary has it, is generally held in low esteem among most contemporary linguists. Prescriptive grammars or usage guides are commonly seen as unscientific and oldfashioned endeavors, indeed ―the term [prescriptivist] is pejorative in linguistic contexts‖ (Crystal 2008). It is therefore not surprising that little research has been done to investigate the linguistic influence of prescriptive grammars and usage guides such as H.W. Fowler‘s (1965) Dictionary of Modern English Usage or William Strunk‘s (1999) Elements of Style. There is, as Donald Mackay (1980, p.349) puts it, ―a long-standing rift between prescriptive and theoretical linguistics‖ due to the fact that
Inhibiční účinky bakteriocinů gramnegativních bakterií izolované z potravin

This work is focused on colicins and microcins, antimicrobial substances produced by bacteria Escherichia coli and related species or genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It dealt with the classification, properties and mechanism of action. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory activity of bacteriocins on selected bacteria isolated from food and collection strains of Salmonella sp. by stab method. The other aim was to determine the incidence of bacteriocinogeny in gram-negative bacteria other than Escherichia coli isolated from foods. Forty-eight gram-negative bacterial strains isolated mostly from chilled chicken carcasses, raw meat for the production of fermented sausages and edible insect were used to study the incidence of bacteriocinogeny. Only one strain of the species Pseudomonas fulva isolated from edible insects from all 15 tested genera produced bacteriocin.
Should I Stalk or Should I Go? An Insurance Auditing Exploration/Exploitation Dilemma

We consider an insurance fraud problem where policyholders and service providers may collude. When interactions are repeated between the auditor (insurer) and auditees (service providers), auditing behaves as an information gathering mechanism to separate the wheat (honest agents) from the chaff (defrauders). We analyze a Bayesian insurer’s dynamic auditing problem under ex-post moral hazard, and characterize his optimal strategy as a strategic exploration/one-armed bandit one. We show that the insurer faces the well-known reinforcement learning exploration/exploitation trade-off between gathering information for higher future profits (exploration) and prioritizing immediate profits (exploitation). We characterize optimal auditing strategies and how exploration levels vary across time. We also show how the degree of informativeness of auditing (i.e., its separating power) and the insurer’s time preference affect optimal strategies.
Ship rat Rattus rattus eradication on Pein Mal Island, Federated States of Micronesia, Pacific Ocean

As part of a larger project attempting to reduce pr dation pressure from introduced rats Rattus spp. on native fauna and flora on several islands off Pohnp ei main island (Pacific Ocean), a rat eradication program was undertaken on the small island of Pein Mal (2.17 ha) where ship rats R.rattus were present. The island was systematically hand-broadca st with rodenticide bait at a pre-determined application rate of 50 kg/ha over one day. Radio-t racking revealed that rats spent a significant amou nt of time in the forest canopy. Therefore, to ensure that rats living in the canopy had a good chance o f encountering bait, bait clusters (bolo baits) were made and catapulted into one third of the palm tree s on the island. Mangrove forest surrounds the shore of Pein Mal where rats were also present. Throughout this habitat to ensure rat access to the rod nticide, a bait station grid was established w ith bait stations nailed to tree trunks approximately 2 m above the high water mark.
Estimating maximum transpiration of coffee plants in high density population using Penman-Monteith model1 Estimativa da transpiração máxima de cafeeiros em plantio adensado com o modelo de Penman-Monteith

The objective of this paper is to apply the Penman-Monteith model to estimate maximum transpiration (T) of four coffee plants with different leaf areas (LA), and to compare the data with sap flow measurements, obtained by the stem heat balance method. Aerodynamic resistance was estimated by Landsberg & Powell model and the values obtained throughout the experiment ranged from 23.5 to 37.5 s m -1. The model used to estimate leaf resistance showed a reasonable agreement with mean hourly porometric data. Radiant energy absorbed by coffee canopies (Rnl) were measured with a mobile system that sampled four coffee plants simultaneously. Comparing estimated transpiration with sap flow data it was verified a good agreement for two of the four plants analyzed, with intermediate leaf area (9.3 and 11.4 m2). The T of the plant with the smallest leaf area underestimated sap flow in about 30%, while the T of the plant with greatest leaf area overestimated sap flow in about 60%. These inverse trends were attributed to the use of only one relationship between LA and Rnl for the four plants rather than specific relationships for each one. These trends also suggests that there are not a linear relation between LA and Rnl, but in fact a nonlinear relationship that maximize Rnl in plants with low LA and minimize Rnl in plants with high LA. Comparing T estimates with Penman-Monteith model for all the plants together (LA=40.6m2) with the sum of sap flow data measured in the four coffee plants a good agreement was verified, confirming that discrepancies verified for individual plants were mainly due to the Rnl measurements.
Flood detection with Sentinel-2 satellite images in crisis management systems

The increasing amount of falling rain may cause several problems especially in urban areas, which drainage system can often not handle this large amount in a short time. Conﬁrming a ﬂooded scene in a timely manner can help the authorities to take further actions to counter the crisis event or to get prepared for future relevant incidents. This paper studies the detection of ﬂood events comparing two successive in time Sentinel-2 images, a method that can be extended for detecting ﬂoods in a time-series. For the ﬂood detection, ﬁne-tuned pre-trained Deep Convolutional Neural Networks are used, testing as input diﬀerent sets of three water sensitive satellite bands. The proposed approach is evaluated against diﬀerent change detection baseline methods, based on remote sensing. Experiments showed that the proposed method with the augmentation technique applied, improved signiﬁcantly the performance of the neural network, resulting to an F-Score of 62% compared to 22% of the traditional remote sensing techniques. The proposed method supports the crisis management authority to better estimate and evaluate the ﬂood impact.
XIV INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC HISTORY CONGRESS Helsinki, Finland, 21 to 25 August 2006 SESSION 41 “International Differences in Economic Welfare: A Long-Run Perspective” Social Capital and Per Capita Income: Testing for a Structural Relationship in the Long Run

There is empirical evidence showing a positive link between social capital and economic performance in the second half of the twentieth century. Is this relationship between social capital and economic performance persistent over time? Can we speak of stylised fact or structural relationship? We developed a nineteenth century international social capital indicator and then used it to contrast its potential synergies with per capita income at that time. The results show that the relationship between social development and per capita income already existed in the late nineteenth century. We find a strong positive linear relationship between the two; and this relationship upholds after controlling for foreign trade volume and structure, urbanisation, education, quality of institutions, political stability, government expenditure, population growth, and climate. * Financial support from the London School of Economics and the ESRC is gratefully acknowledged. Errors are the author’s sole responsibility.
Frequency bus based control for micro grid with Coordinated Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storage Systems

An islanded medium-voltage (MV) microgrid placed is presented, which integrates renewable-energybased distributed generations (DGs), energy storage system (ESS), and local loads. Based on the proposed SSDC approach, flexible power control of each ESS /RES unit can be obtained with seamless modes changes. Furthermore, decentralized power management can be achieved by executing frequency bus-signaling (FBS). support the frequency, it is more complex to control and manage. Thus in order to maintain the frequency stability in multiple-time-scales, a hierarchical control strategy is proposed. The power management principle based on different operational modes is explained in details, and small-signal analysis is carried out for SSDC. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) results of an islanded microgrid are provided under several scenarios to validate the proposed coordinated control strategy. Furthermore, based on the developed complete small-signal state-space model, sensitivity analysis of the eigen values is conducted in order to reveal the dynamic stability margin of the MV microgrid, and to identify the proper range of the control parameters.
Characterization of four isolates of Indian citrus ringspot virus.

The 1283 nucleotides of coat protein of four isolates of Indian Citrus Ringspot Virus, ICRSV-Dl, ICRSV-Ab, ICRSV-Ah and ICRSV-Pu have been cloned in pGEM-T easy vector and sequenced. Analysis of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences have shown variation near the N terminus and conservation in the core region. Sequence analysis and the phylogenic tree of both nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed that isolates ICRSV-Ab and ICRSV-Dl shared close relationship with ICRSV-D - an isolate from Delhi sequenced earlier and formed one cluster, while isolates ICRSV-Ah and ICRSV-Pu formed another cluster, and were considered as different strains of the virus. The information on ICRSV coat protein gene will be useful in developing pathogen mediated resistance.
HOUSING PRICES: TESTING MACHINE LEARNING METHODS

Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines and Random Forests are applied to the problem of real estate value in Santiago, Chile. The current literature on the use of these algorithms in land use values is limited in quantity and on their assessments, while they seem appropriate to model the complexity of the problem. After comparison of the three algorithms, the conclusion is that the Random Forest is the best for prediction and assess the relative importance of different variables. This algorithm is applied to the entire dataset before differencing it by incomes to conclude on the performance of the model.
PREDICTORS OF SCHOOL SUCCESS IN ROMANIA. FAMILY BACKGROUND, SCHOOL FACTORS, AND COMMUNITY FACTORS

he paper analyses the relationship between family background, school characteristics, community characteristics, and children’s school success in Romania, in 2001. The analysis is placed in the context of the debates regarding the relative importance of family background factors, school factors and neighborhood/ community factors in explaining the variation in children’s academic achievement. While research disentangling these relationships is abundant for developed countries and for several developing countries in Latin America, sub-Saharian Africa, and South and East Asia, the Central and Eastern European countries are underrepresented in this type of research. The empirical analysis on educational inequality in Romania undertaken here will also be placed in the context of the educational reforms that accompanied the fall of communism in 1989. The literature review will draw mainly on the contributions to the field based on the American context and some earlier contributions regarding the context of developing countries. It will also present the opinions of several scholars examining the context of educational reforms after the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe and in Romania, in particular. The present work will draw on these theoretical bases and the results of an empirical analysis on Romanian fourth graders in an attempt to sketch an image of several factors that contribute to inequalities among children in school success, in Romania.
Design of Static Output Feedback Controller for Fractional-Order T-S Fuzzy System

This paper studies the design of fuzzy static output feedback controllers for two kinds of fractional-order T-S fuzzy systems. The fractional order α satisfies 0<α<1 and 1≤α<2. Based on the fractional order theory, matrix decomposition technique, and projection theorem, four new sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of the system and the corresponding controller design methods are given. All the results can be expressed by linear matrix inequalities, and the relationship between fuzzy subsystems is also considered. These have great advantages in solving the results and reducing the conservatism. Finally, a simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Numerical taxonomic study of thermophilic Bacillus isolated from three geographically separated deep‐sea hydrothermal vents

A numerical taxonomic study has been carried out with 80 strains, newly isolated, from three geographically separated deep-sea hydrothermal vents (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Guaymas Basin and Lau Basin) and eleven thermophilic reference strains representing 11 Bacillus species. The deep-sea isolates were all halotolerant spore-forming rods and grew aerobically above 65°C. Results from unweighted average linkage cluster analysis of a similarity matrix derived from the simple matching coefficient, showed formation of nine major phena, which were defined at the 83% similarity level or above. Seven phena were composed exclusively of strains isolated from the same site (4 from Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 1 from Guaymas Basin and 2 from Lau Basin). The majority of the Lau Basin isolates clustered with 6 of the reference strains in one phenon, while isolates from Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Guaymas Basin were found separated from this phenon at the 69% similarity level. The other reference strains showed less than 69% similarity with the deep-sea isolates.
Exploitation of heterosis for yield and its contributing traits in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L

Heterosis for yield and other component characters of 45 F1 hybrids of tomato derived from the crosses between 15 lines and 3 testers through line x tester technique was studied. Maximum and significant heterosis in favourable direction was observed for yield, fruit number, plant height and fruits per cluster. Heterosis was appreciable in all hybrids, but was more in four hybrids viz Sioux x FT-5, S-1001 x Solan Vajr, EC-521041 x FT-5 and S-1001 x EC-15998.
Visco-acoustic full waveform tomography of synthetic ocean bottom seismic data

Though lot of theoretical studies has been carried out, still we lack in understanding the state-of-the-art full waveform tomography (FWT) tool. To know the intricacies involved in FWT, we pursue a theoretical study for a realistic earth model derived from the well log data. We generate the wide-angle ocean bottom seismic (OBS) data based on visco-elastic finite difference modeling and perform the FWT in acoustic sense in deriving the best possible result. From different choices of multi-scale imaging in frequency domain, we observe that the frequency overlapping is more suitable in mitigating the highly non-linearity of the tomographic inversion.
HSPA12A unstabilizes CD147 to inhibit lactate export and migration in human renal cell carcinoma

Background: Metastasis accounts for 90% of cancer-associated mortality in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the clinical management of RCC metastasis is challenging. Lactate export is known to play an important role in cancer cell migration. This study investigated the role of heat shock protein A12A (HSPA12A) in RCC migration. Methods: HSPA12A expression was examined in 82 pairs of matched RCC tumors and corresponding normal kidney tissues from patients by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses. The proliferation of RCC cells was analyzed using MTT and EdU incorporation assays. The migration of RCC cells was evaluated by wound healing and Transwell migration assays. Extracellular acidification was examined using Seahorse technology. Protein stability was determined following treatment with protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and proteasome inhibitor MG132. Mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting were employed to examine protein-protein interactions. Results: RCC tumors from patients showed downregulation of HSPA12A, which was associated with advanced tumor node metastasis stage. Intriguingly, overexpression of HSPA12A in RCC cells inhibited migration, whereas HSPA12A knockdown had the opposite effect. Lactate export, glycolysis rate, and CD147 protein abundance were also inhibited by HSPA12A overexpression but promoted by HSPA12A knockdown. An interaction of HSPA12A with HRD1 ubiquitin E3 ligase was detected in RCC cells. Further studies demonstrated that CD147 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation were promoted by HSPA12A overexpression whereas inhibited by HSPA12A knockdown. Notably, the HSPA12A overexpression-induced inhibition of lactate export and migration were abolished by CD147 overexpression. Conclusion: Human RCC shows downregulation of HSPA12A. Overexpression of HSPA12A in RCC cells unstabilizes CD147 through increasing its ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, thereby inhibits lactate export and glycolysis, and ultimately suppresses RCC cell migration. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of HSPA12A might represent a viable strategy for managing RCC metastasis.