Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 Activity Restrictions on Air Pollution: Methodological Considerations in the Economic Valuation of the Long-Term Effects on Mortality

This article offers an approach incorporating latency into the process for evaluating long-term mortality and into its economic valuation, following a temporary impact. It is applied to the effects of COVID-19 activity restrictions, in the spring of 2020, on ambient air pollution in France. These effects are evaluated in terms of Life Years Gained (LYG) and in monetary terms for two air pollution indicators. This approach is compared to a standard estimate on the basis of difference. It gives results that are lower by a factor of 3.7 to 5.5 for LYG and, on account of the additional effect of discounting, gives an economic valuation that is lower by a factor of 4.7 to 6.9. These results show that an adapted valuation of the long-term health benefits, then their translation into monetary terms, is essential in order to compare the long-term consequences of temporary exogenous impacts or policies. © 2022, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques. All rights reserved.
The Effect of Structural Risks on Financial Downturns

We investigate the extent to which various structural risks exacerbate the materialization of cyclical risk. We use a large database covering all sorts of cyclical and structural features of the financial sector and the real economy for a panel of 30 countries over the period 2006Q1–2019Q4. We show that elevated levels of structural risks may have an important role in explaining the severity of cyclical and credit risk materialization during financial cycle contractions. Among these risks, private and public sector indebtedness, banking sector resilience and concentration of real estate exposures stand out. Moreover, we show that the elevated levels of some of the structural risks identified may be related to long-standing accommodative economic policy. Our evidence implies a stronger role for macroprudential policy, especially in countries with higher levels of structural risks. Interaction of Cyclical and Structural Systemic Risks: Insights from Around and After the Crisis.
Calibration of GRB Luminosity Relations with Cosmography

For the use of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) to probe cosmology in a cosmology-independent way, a new method has been proposed to obtain luminosity distances of GRBs by interpolating directly from the Hubble diagram of SNe Ia, and then calibrating GRB relations at high redshift. In this paper, following the basic assumption in the interpolation method that objects at the same redshift should have the same luminosity distance, we propose another approach to calibrate GRB luminosity relations with cosmographic fitting directly from SN Ia data. In cosmography, there is a well-known fitting formula which can reflect the Hubble relation between luminosity distance and redshift with cosmographic parameters which can be fitted from observation data. Using the Cosmographic fitting results from the Union set of SNe Ia, we calibrate five GRB relations using GRB sample at z ≤ 1.4 and deduce distance moduli of GRBs at 1.4 < z ≤ 6.6 by generalizing above calibrated relations at high redshift. Finally, we constrain the dark energy parameterization models of the Chevallier–Polarski–Linder (CPL) model, the Jassal–Bagla–Padmanabhan (JBP) model and the Alam model with GRB data at high redshift, as well as with the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) and the baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) observations, and we find the ΛCDM model is consistent with the current data in 1-σ confidence region.
Characterizing AGB stars in Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) bands

Aims. Since asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are bright and extended infrared objects, most Galactic AGB stars saturate the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) detectors and therefore the WISE magnitudes that are restored by applying point-spread-function fitting need to be verified. Statistical properties of circumstellar envelopes around AGB stars are discussed on the basis of a WISE AGB catalog verified in this way. Methods. We cross-matched an AGB star sample with the WISE All-Sky Source Catalog and the Two Mircon All Sky Survey catalog. Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) spectra of a subsample of WISE AGB stars were also exploited. The dust radiation transfer code DUSTY was used to help predict the magnitudes in the W1 and W2 bands, the two WISE bands most affected by saturation, for calibration purpose, and to provide physical parameters of the AGB sample stars for analysis. Results. DUSTY is verified against the ISO spectra to be a good tool to reproduce the spectral energy distributions of these AGB stars. Systematic magnitude-dependent offsets have been identified in WISE W1 and W2 magnitudes of the saturated AGB stars, and empirical calibration formulas are obtained for them on the basis of 1877 (W1) and 1558 (W2) AGB stars that are successfully fit with DUSTY. According to the calibration formulas, the corrections for W1 at 5 mag and W2 at 4 mag are -0.383 and 0.217 mag, respectively. In total, we calibrated the W1/W2 magnitudes of 2390/2021 AGB stars. The model parameters from the DUSTY and the calibrated WISE W1 and W2 magnitudes are used to discuss the behavior of the WISE color-color diagrams of AGB stars. The model parameters also reveal that O-rich AGB stars with opaque circumstellar envelopes are much rarer than opaque C-rich AGB stars toward the anti-Galactic center direction, which we attribute to the metallicity gradient of our Galaxy.
S7 : Probing the physics of Seyfert Galaxies through their ENLR & HII Regions

Abstract Here we present the first results from the Siding Spring Southern Seyfert Spectroscopic Snapshot Survey (S7) which aims to investigate the physics of ∼140 radio-detected southern active Galaxies with z<0.02 through Integral Field Spectroscopy using the Wide Field Spectrograph (WiFeS). This instrument provides data cubes of the central 38×25 arc sec. of the target galaxies in the waveband 340–710nm with the unusually high resolution of R=7000 in the red (530–710nm), and R=3000 in the blue (340–560nm). These data provide the morphology, kinematics and the excitation structure of the extended narrow-line region, probe relationships with the black hole characteristics and the host galaxy, measures host galaxy abundance gradients and the determination of nuclear abundances from the HII regions. From photoionisation modelling, we may determine the shape of the ionising spectrum of the AGN, discover whether AGN metallicities differ from nuclear abundances determined from HII regions, and probe grain destruction in the vicinity of the AGN. Here we present some preliminary results and modelling of both Seyfert galaxies observed as part of the survey.
Post-Secondary Educational Leadership Working Remotely During a COVID-19 Pandemic in Saskatchewan, Canada: Exploring Best Practices, Experiences, and the New Normal Post-Pandemic

This mixed methods research design focuses on post-secondary institutions in Saskatchewan, Canada, its employees’ experiences of working remotely, and the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic on school leadership. Presented are the perceived challenges as well as the benefits of the new workplace since the COVID-19 crisis. Administrative and instructional leadership had changed dramatically. Most identified their quality of work as better or the same because of having fewer distractions, interruptions, and less wasted time at the workplace. The participants’ interviews and survey responses describe the necessary adaptation, flexibility, mental health and wellness, accountability, workload intensification, and future expectations of the workplace and leadership once the pandemic is over.
Comparison of the mass preconditioned HMC and the DD-HMC algorithm for two-flavour QCD

Mass preconditioned HMC and DD-HMC are among the most popular algorithms to simulate Wilson fermions. We present a comparison of the performance of the two algorithms for realistic quark masses and lattice sizes. In particular, we use the locally deflated solver of the DD-HMC environment also for the mass preconditioned simulations.
Primordial Supernovae and the Assembly of the First Galaxies

Abstract Current numerical studies suggest that the first protogalaxies formed a few stars at a time and were enriched only gradually by the first heavy elements. However, these models do not resolve primordial supernova (SN) explosions or the mixing of their heavy elements with ambient gas, which could result in intervening, prompt generations of low-mass stars. We present multiscale 1D models of Population III supernovae in cosmological minihalos that evolve the blast from its earliest stages as a free expansion. We find that if the star ionizes the halo, the ejecta strongly interacts with the dense shell swept up by the H II region, potentially cooling and fragmenting it into clumps that are gravitationally unstable to collapse. If the star fails to ionize the halo, the explosion propagates metals out to 20 - 40 pc and then collapses, heavily enriching tens of thousands of solar masses of primordial gas, in contrast to previous models that suggest that such explosions ‘fizzle’. Rapid formation of low-mass stars trapped in the gravitational potential well of the halo is unavoidable in these circumstances. Consequently, it is possible that far more stars were swept up into the first galaxies, at earlier times and with distinct chemical signatures, than in present models. Upcoming measurements by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) may discriminate between these two paradigms.
Erosion of globular cluster systems: the influence of radial anisotropy, central black holes and dynamical friction

We present the adaptable MUESLI code for investigating dynamics and erosion processes of globular clusters (GCs) in galaxies. MUESLI follows the orbits of individual clusters and applies internal and external dissolution processes to them. Orbit integration is based on the self-consistent field method in combination with a time-transformed leapfrog scheme, allowing us to handle velocity-dependent forces like triaxial dynamical friction. In a first application, the erosion of GC systems (GCSs) in elliptical galaxies is investigated. Observations show that massive ellipticals have rich, radially extended GCSs, while some compact dwarf ellipticals contain no GCs at all. For several representative examples, spanning the full mass scale of observed elliptical galaxies, we quantify the influence of radial anisotropy, galactic density profiles, supermassive black holes and dynamical friction on the GC erosion rate. We find that GC number density profiles are centrally flattened in less than a Hubble time, naturally explaining observed cored GC distributions. The erosion rate depends primarily on a galaxy's mass, half-mass radius and radial anisotropy. The fraction of eroded GCs is nearly 100 per cent in compact, M32-like galaxies and lowest in extended and massive galaxies. Finally, we uncover the existence of a violent tidal-disruption-dominated phase which is important for the rapid build-up of halo stars.
Oxidative stress, DNA damage, and histological alterations in Bombyx mori exposed orally to pesticide dimethoate

Pesticides are an essential part of agricultural practices that ward off pathogens and diseases from the agricultural crop. However, apart from target organisms, these chemicals also have adverse effects on non‐target organisms. Dimethoate is an insecticide used extensively in agriculture and horticulture practices worldwide. We used the silkworm Bombyx mori as a model organism to study the effect of commercial formulation of dimethoate (Dimethoate‐30% EC) on the gut, silk gland, and fat body tissues. LD50 of dimethoate‐30% EC on silkworm (B. mori) was 997 ppm, as reported in a previous study. We used concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 ppm in our experiments. Our results showed that sub‐lethal doses of dimethoate caused weight loss and induced damage at the histological level to the mid‐gut, silk gland, and fat body of B. mori. It also caused a decrease in the level of antioxidants like CAT, SOD, GPx, GSH, and GST, indicating that dimethoate has produced a shift of ROS balance towards free radical generation and therefore resulted in overall damage to this organism. Sub‐lethal doses of this pesticide also caused lipid peroxidation in the silk gland, gut, and fat body of B. mori, damaging these tissues. The disruption was also seen in the mid‐gut and middle silk gland at the DNA level, where it caused single‐strand breaks, as was revealed by single cell gel electrophoresis studies. Damage at histological, biochemical, and molecular levels was most extreme at a concentration of 100 ppm, the highest sub‐lethal concentration given to B. mori.
Feature-Based Vehicle Identification Framework for Optimization of Collective Perception Messages in Vehicular Networks

The world is moving towards a fully connected digital world, where objects produce and consume data, at a sultry pace. Autonomous vehicles will play a key role in bolstering the digitization of the world. These connected vehicles must communicate timely data with their surrounding objects and road participants to fully and accurately understand their environments and eventually operate smoothly. As a result, the hugely exchanged data would scramble the network traffic that, at a given point, would no longer increase the awareness level of the vehicle. In this paper, we propose a vision-based approach to identify connected vehicles and use it to optimize the exchange of collective perception messages (CPMs), in terms of both the CPM generation frequency and the number of generated CPMs. To validate our proposed approach, we created a Cartery framework that integrates SUMO, Carla, and OMNeT++. We also compared our solution with both baselines and European Telecommunications Standards Institute solutions, considering three main KPIs: the channel busy ratio, environmental awareness, and the CPM generation frequency. Simulation results show that our proposed solution exhibits the best trade-off between the network load and situational awareness.
Citizens’ Perception on Air Quality in Portugal—How Concern Motivates Awareness

This study aimed to understand the knowledge of Portuguese citizens about air quality and the extent to which the concerns about specific environmental problems can motivate their acquaintance of information. Moreover, this study also allowed to understand which information about air quality needs further dissemination to provide the citizens with all the available tools and the correct knowledge. For this, a national online survey about air quality perception was conducted, where 1131 answers were obtained and two different populations were compared: the general population and a sub-population from an urban-industrial area of Lisbon metropolitan area that had experienced frequent air pollution events in the past. Air pollution was considered the environmental topic of higher concern among this sub-population (61.4%), while in the general population it ranked thirdly (27.4%). Generally, the sub-population showed higher knowledge about air quality than the general population, with 61% being able to identify at least one air pollutant. The perception of the local air quality was also very different between populations, with 61% of the sub-population considering it poor or very poor, while only 14% of the general population had the same perception, which highlights the different levels of concern between populations. A weak knowledge about air pollutants (50% of the general population could not identify any air pollutant) and an erroneous perception of the contribution of the different pollution sources to air quality levels were found. More than 50% of the respondents of both populations were considered to not have enough information regarding the air quality in their area of residence, with the national air quality database being unknown to almost everyone. Overall, strong efforts should be made to increase the awareness about the importance of air quality, which may promote a higher acceptance of the implementation of future actions to improve air quality.
Holographic flavor in the gauge/gravity duality

In this paper we review some results on the generalization of the gauge/gravity duality to include fundamental matter by means of probe branes. We compute the meson spectrum of maximally supersymmetric gauge theories in several dimensions, both in the Coulomb and Higgs branch. We also study the addition of flavor and compute the meson spectrum for non-commutative theories. Additionally, we present a thorough search of supersymmetric embeddings of probe branes in the Klebanov-Witten model.
Underwater Targets Recognition Based on Multiple AUVs Cooperative via Recurrent Transfer-Adaptive Learning (RTAL)

The recognition of multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) equipped with Side-Scan Sonar (SSS) is the key to marine surveys, and autonomously and efficiently recognizing marine targets is an urgent open challenge. This paper proposes a lightweight Recurrent Transfer-Adaptive Learning (RTAL) to improve the recognition accuracy of SSS images. In this work, (1) we analyze the target features collected by multiple AUVs, calculate the similarity between features using Mahalanobis distance, and establish a threshold. (2) When the threshold is higher than the similarity, AUVs adopt improved Recurrent Transfer Learning (RTL) to reduce computational consumption and ensure the real-time performance of the algorithm. (3) When the similarity is lower than the threshold, AUVs adopt RTAL to reconstruct the data of the target information with inconspicuous features caused by the complex background, extract features efficiently, and reduce the interference of environmental factors. We compare several classical neural networks and validate them on dataset collected from AUVs sea trials. The experimental results show that our proposed method has high recognition speed and recognition accuracy.
Delayed Enrichment by Unseen Galaxies: Explaining the Rapid Rise in IGM CIV Absorption from z = 6-5

In the near future, measurements of metal absorption features in the intergalactic medium (IGM) will become an important constraint on models of the formation and evolution of the earliest galaxies, the properties of the first stars, and the reionization and enrichment of the IGM. The first measurement of a metal abundance in the IGM at a redshift approaching the epoch of reionization already offers intriguing hints. Between z = 5:8 and 4:7 (a 0:3 Gyr interval only 1 Gyr after the big bang), the measured density of CIV absorbers in the IGM increased by a factor of � 3:5 (Ryan-Weber et al. 2009; Becker, Rauch & Sargent 2009). If these values prove to be accurate, they pose two puzzles. (1) The total amount of Civ at z = 5:8 implies too little star formation to reionize the IGM by z = 6 or to match the WMAP electron scattering optical depth (�). (2) The rapid growth from z � 6–5 is faster than the buildup of stellar mass or the increase in the star formation rate density over the same interval. We show that a delay of � 0:5–0:7 Gyr between the instantaneous production of ionizing photons and the later production of metal absorption features (added to the delay due to stellar lifetimes) can provide the full explanation for both puzzles. We calculate the delay in metal production due to finite stellar lifetimes alone and find that it is too short (� 0:2 Gyr) to explain the rapid evolution. The additional delay could naturally be explained as the result of � 100 km=s outflows carrying carbon to distances of � 50–70 kpc, the typical distance between galaxies and Civ absorbers in
Communicating Corporate Culture in Labor Markets: Evidence from Job Postings

A company’s culture represents one of the most important factors that job seekers consider. In this study, we examine how firms craft their job postings to convey their culture and whether doing so helps attract employees. We utilize state-of-the art machine learning methods to develop a comprehensive dictionary of corporate values across the near-universe of job postings. Our descriptive analysis reveals that firms are more likely to advertise corporate culture in their postings when their culture is strong, as evidenced from strong external ratings and infrequent employment violations. In addition, culture information is more prevalent among job postings for positions in which the labor pool is tighter. Our main analyses demonstrate that culture information in job postings attracts job seekers, as it is associated with higher worker inflows. Culture information has a more pronounced effect on worker inflows following the Black Lives Matter movement, which increased the importance of culture to job seekers. In addition, job seekers respond more to culture information in job postings when alternative sources of information about firm culture are less readily available. Overall our findings suggest that job postings are an important mechanism for communicating cultural values to prospective employees and attracting talent.
Rotating Phase Shedding for Interleaved DC–DC Converter-Based EVs Fast DC Chargers

Fast dc chargers are the key enablers for the massive rollout of electric vehicles due to the reduced charging time. On the other hand, the rapid growth in battery technology with different voltages and charging requirements has imposed additional hurdles on the charger design to meet the efficiency requirements. Multiphase interleaved converters with conventional phase-shedding control improve the efficiency for a wide range of operations. However, they tend to operate certain phases, resulting in uneven thermal stress among the converter phases. This article proposes a rotating phase-shedding control to distribute the switching activities among all phases, enhancing the system's reliability while retaining the efficiency improvement. The proposed technique selects the proper number of active phases based on the required charging profile and periodically swaps them with other phases to even out the stress. The thermal profile is extracted to assess the thermal damage of the power switches. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated and compared with the conventional phase shedding. The simulation and experimentally validated results confirm that the proposed technique achieves a better even distribution of the thermal damage between the phases compared with the conventional one. This will ultimately extend the lifetime of the system.
Utilizing Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with Trauma-Directed Interaction in a Young Male in Out of Home Care Who Had Experienced Trauma

Child abuse and neglect in young children can lead to trauma-related stress symptoms that can be challenging to manage. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), a strong evidence-based behavioral parent training program used for young children with behavior issues, has been used in its traditional form with increasing frequency with children and families who have trauma histories, with clinicians tailoring PCIT to use with children who have experienced trauma. Trauma-Directed Interaction (TDI) is a new systematic adaption to the standard PCIT parent training program that has the potential to help treat trauma in younger children. TDI includes several trauma-informed techniques that are added to a course of standard PCIT treatment including psychoeducation regarding trauma, recognition of feelings, and emotional regulation. This case study illustrates the use of a manualized trauma adaptation to PCIT (TDI) with a three-year-old boy who had a history of child maltreatment and his caregiver. This case provides a summary of the progression of this intervention and the results obtained. Results from the case indicated that TDI treatment was effective in not only reducing child trauma and behavioral symptoms but also in reducing mild caregiver mental health concerns. The next steps for TDI treatment and need for further research are discussed.