Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Description of Two Partial Troodon Braincases from the Prince Creek Formation (Upper Cretaceous), North Slope Alaska

ABSTRACT Two partial theropod braincases recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Prince Creek Formation confirm the presence of Troodon formosus in Alaska. Characters that distinguish one specimen as Troodon formosus include; a very strongly developed sagittal crest on fused parietals, details of pneumatic spaces within the skull bones, and the size and location of the nervous and venous foramina. The second specimen has the distinct lateral depression diagnostic of a troodontid braincase. The recovery of these specimens, coupled with the absence of non-dental material from other small theropod taxa in these deposits, is significant. It corroborates the conclusion based on dental remains that T. formosus was the most abundant theropod in northern Alaska, thus supporting the model of the adaptability of this taxon to the highly seasonal, low-light conditions that existed in the region during the Late Cretaceous.
Image texture analysis : classification and segmentation.

Texture is an ubiquitous surface characteristic of real-world scenes, and is a prominent clue in the human perception of the surrounding world. Texture analysis is essential to the analysis of many types of images. Classification of a given texture sample into one of a finite number of prototype textures (texture classification), and partitioning of a given image into disjoint regions of homogeneous textures (texture segmentation) are the two fundamental problems in texture analysis. This thesis is devoted to the development of effective and efficient algorithms towards the resolution of these two problems, and thus gaining a better understanding of texture. Existing approaches to texture analysis, being mostly ad hoc in nature, are mainly concerned with texture classification. For texture segmentation, very limited success has been reported in the open literature as it is a much more challenging problem. The first class of methods developed in this thesis is based on local vector mapping, a new concept introduced in the thesis. This concept enables one to offer a consistent and convenient explanation, a unification and generalization of some existing approaches. Functionally, a local vector mapping operation is composed of local neighborhood specification, local vector formation and vector mapping or transformation. Successful algorithms for both texture classification and segmentation are developed based on this concept. The second class of methods draws upon the recent findings in the physiology and psychophysics research communities. As the human visual system (HVS) is no doubt the most effective and efficient system to perform texture analysis, computational algorithms should mimic the HVS. One of the most popular models for the processing of pictorial information in the HVS is the so-called spatial channel model. This model hypothesizes that the input pictorial information to the visual cortex is processed via a set of parallel, quasi-independent channels each of which is tuned to a specific band of spatial frequency and orientation. By adopting this model, very successful algorithms for texture classification and segmentation are developed in this thesis. In addition to the two major classes of approaches mentioned above, the thesis also contains chapters on the description of new algorithms for feature extraction in texture classification based on local surface fitting and primitive analysis. These algorithms can be considered as supplementary to the first class of algorithms.
Implementation of AES with New S-Box and Performance Analysis with the Modified S-Box

algorithms are the most essential elements in designing the system security . Though there are numerous encryption systems used in security systems by various organizations, for the wider use, a particular encryption method is used as a standard. The internationally accepted and acclaimed algorithm is Advanced Encryption Standard. Here in this paper we have implemented the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) using hardware descriptive language (HDL) and constructed a modified S-box. Area and power of both S boxes are compared and their resistance to attack is also analysed.
Six-Parameter Wave Spectra

In an attempt to develop a systematic series of wave spectra covering a variety of spectral shapes observed in the ocean, this paper presents a newly developed series of wave spectra which involves six parameters. In the development of the six-parameter wave spectra, the spectra are decomposed into two parts. Each part is expressed by a mathematical formula with three parameters, and the total spectrum is expressed by the combination of two sets of three-parameter spectra. Results of analysis have shown that the six-parameter wave spectra thus derived appear to represent almost all stages of development of a sea during a storm. Then, from the statistical analysis of 800 spectra observed at the North Atlantic Ocean, the values of the six-parameters are expressed in terms of significant wave height so that a family of spectra for a desired sea severity can be generated.
Simplifying Dynamic Programming

Dynamic Programming (DP) is one of the fundamental topics usually covered in the algorithms course. Nonetheless, it is a challenging subject for many computer science students. This paper presents work in progress for making dynamic programming easier for students. We propose four simple and interesting DP problems that students can learn early in the curriculum. One of these problems can be introduced as early as CS1. The other problems can be used in a CS2 course. We believe that this will make the subject of DP easier for many students when they encounter it later, in an algorithms course, and will result in more success and retention of CS students.
Borehole Radar Application to Kimberlite Delineation at Finsch Diamond Mine

Finsch Mine is a world-class diamond mine in the Northern Cape province of South Africa, producing roughly 2.4 million carats annually. The mine is currently conducting resource evaluation to examine the feasibility of block caving below the current extraction level, which is located 630 m below surface (Block 5). Resource evaluation requires the accurate determination of the kimberlite pipe morphology. As part of the evaluation, borehole radars (BHR) were deployed down two boreholes that fanned outwards at ~30° to one another from a drilling station at 650 m level in the host dolomite. Both holes dipped at ~60°. Both struck the near-vertical flank of the di treme ~120 m below their collars. Single-hole profiling as well as cross-hole BHR scanning surveys were run to determine whether coherent reflection from the kimberlite–country rock interface could be obtained, and to establish the limits on the operational parameters such as range and resolution. Coherent reflections from the kimberlite pipe contact were clearly observed from distances up to 60 m through the dolomite country rock. The kimberlite–dolomite interface appeared to be sharp, cemented, smooth, and curved. The BHR results showed that the kimberlite pipe surface was not that of a smooth cone. Inversion by interactive forward modelling revealed three horizontal rounded ridges, or corrugations, spaced by ~30 m. These penetrated 4 m to 8 m into the country rock, across the portion of the flank covered by the survey. The range, resolution, and accuracy obtained from the BHR surveys at Finsch Mine are of high quality. The survey results improve knowledge of the detail of, and confidence in, pipe morphology significantly. This allows for more-accurate geological modelling and resource estimations, meaningful project evaluation, better tunnel design, and ultimately, sound investment decisions.
Indoor Scene 3D Layout and Clutter Estimation from RGB-D Images

We propose a new method for recovering indoor scene layout and clutter from RGB-D images. A robust method is introduced for obtaining scene coordinates from depth images by solving a restricted quantization problem over normal vectors. Using this quantization and 3D position of pixels we segment the image to planar surfaces and obtain an orientation labeling. The segmented image is used to extract features for layout candidates generated by sampled rays from vanishing points. These features are applied in a structured learning algorithm to rank layout candidates. Our approach recover clutter by distinguishing different layers of parallel surfaces. Our experimental results on the challenging NYU v2 dataset show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Exetending OmpSs programming model with task reductions: A compiler and runtime approach

Aquest document vol mostrar el proces d'extensio de la infraestructura del model de programacio OmpSs per tal d'oferir suport a les reduccions. L'extensio s'ha fet implementant la clausula reduction a partir de dos enfocament diferents, els quals s'han avaluat i comparat contra OpenMP.
Boundary-Preserved Deep Denoising of Stochastic Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Images

Objective: With the rapid growth of high-speed deep-tissue imaging in biomedical research, there is an urgent need to develop a robust and effective denoising method to retain morphological features for further texture analysis and segmentation. Conventional denoising filters and models can easily suppress the perturbative noise in high-contrast images; however, for low photon budget multiphoton images, a high detector gain will not only boost the signals but also bring significant background noise. In such a stochastic resonance imaging regime, subthreshold signals may be detectable with the help of noise, meaning that a denoising filter capable of removing noise without sacrificing important cellular features, such as cell boundaries, is desirable. Method: We propose a convolutional neural network-based denoising autoencoder method — a fully convolutional deep denoising autoencoder (DDAE) — to improve the quality of three-photon fluorescence (3PF) and third-harmonic generation (THG) microscopy images. Results: The average of 200 acquired images of a given location served as the low-noise answer for the DDAE training. Compared with other conventional denoising methods, our DDAE model shows a better signal-to-noise ratio (28.86 and 21.66 for 3PF and THG, respectively), structural similarity (0.89 and 0.70 for 3PF and THG, respectively), and preservation of the nuclear or cellular boundaries (F1-score of 0.662 and 0.736 for 3PF and THG, respectively). It shows that DDAE is a better trade-off approach between structural similarity and preserving signal regions. Conclusions: The results of this study validate the effectiveness of the DDAE system in boundary-preserved image denoising. Clinical Impact: The proposed deep denoising system can enhance the quality of microscopic images and effectively support clinical evaluation and assessment.
Applied Scientific Research Methods

This book comprises 15 chapters in all. The chapters cover every facet of scientific Research methods. Chapter one deals with definition of all the related terms in applied scientific research methods. The chapter serves as launching pad to all entrants and new corners into the field to familiarize them with those professional terms that would aid their understanding of fundamental concepts
Methodology and phantom studies for the development and assessment of motion correction in simultaneous PET-MR

Simultaneous PET-MR imaging has recently emerged into routine clinical use, with significant role in diagnosis and treatment. The high sensitivity of a PET scanner, combined with the anatomical and functional information given by MR can focus to a molecular level and provide simultaneous information about individual but correlated parameters. The combination of these modalities has also brought new opportunities. One of these is the potential for the MRI to capture and measure patient motion during PET scanning. This motion information, in the form of motion fields can be applied back to the PET and correct any motion artefacts created. For the success of this study many methodological problems have to be resolved. This thesis investigates the methodology for motion correction of PET data by appropriate use of MR motion information, which could in due course become a standard motion correction method for both pre-clinical and human studies. In particular, this study utilized prototype pre-clinical MR-compatible PET inserts. Following the phantom development and during the experimental procedures, various prototype simultaneous MR-compatible PET small-diameter scanners, in conjunction with a 3T clinical MR scanner, were used to validate the phantom and evaluate several different approaches to motion correction. All scanner combinations used were a combination of a removable PET insert operating within a clinical MR scanner so it was necessary to develop robust methods to ensure spatial alignment and temporal synchronization. The data obtained from simultaneous PET and MR acquisition was arranged into gates and reconstructed by deriving motion transformations from the MR data and using this to correct the PET data for the effects of motion using several PET reconstruction approaches. The experimental results obtained with various PET-MR systems demonstrate the feasibility of this approach and the degree of motion correction that can realistically be expected in pre-clinical PETMR investigations.
Improved PageRank algorithm based on topic character and time factor

The famous ranking algorithm PageRank just analyzed the link structure of web pages,but did not consider the relativity and authority of web pages,as well as the different degree of people's depending on new web pages and old Web pages.To improve the limitations described above all,the weighted topic PageRank(WTPR) algorithm is presented,combining with topic character and time character.Authority and relevance degree are met by analyzing the link structure and contents of web pages respectively;PageRank value fluctuating with time is met via time character.Experimental results show that the improved algorithm performs better than the famous PageRank algorithm.
California’s North Coast Fishing Communities Historical Perspective and Recent Trends: Eureka Fishing Community Profile

This profile of the Eureka fishing community describes the history of the area and its fisheries, present-day fishery operations, activities and associated infrastructure. It identifies some of the key regulatory and economic factors highlighted by study participants that interact with and affect the local fishing community. It is intended for use in a range of processes, from local planning and education to state and regional management.
Using geospatial modelling to estimate the prevalence of adolescent first births in Nepal

Introduction Adolescent pregnancy is associated with significant risks and disadvantages for young women and girls and their children. A clear understanding of population subgroups with particularly high prevalence of first births in adolescence is vital if appropriate national responses are to be developed. This paper aims to provide detailed data on socioeconomic and geographic inequities in first births to adolescents in Nepal, including wealth quintile, education, rural/urban residence and geographic region. A key element is the use of geospatial modelling to develop estimates for the prevalence of adolescent births at the district level. Methods The study uses data from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. Initial cross-tabulations present disaggregated data by socioeconomic status and basic geographic region. Estimates of prevalence of adolescent first births at the district level are creating by regression modelling using the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation package in R software. Results Our findings show that 40% of women had given birth before the age of 20 years, with 5% giving birth before 16 years. First births to adolescents remain common among poorer, less educated and rural women. Geographic disparities are striking, with estimates for the percentage of women giving birth before 20 years ranging from 35% to 53% by region. District level estimates showed even more marked differentials (26%–67% had given birth by 20 years), with marked heterogeneity even within regions. In some districts, estimates for the prevalence of first birth among the youngest age groups (<16 years) are high. Conclusion Important geographic and socioeconomic inequities exist in adolescent first births. In some districts and within some subgroups, there remain high levels of adolescent first births, including births to very young adolescents. The use of Bayesian geospatial modelling techniques can be used by policymakers to target resources.
Sliding Walk With Friction Control of Double-Network Gel on Feet of Inchworm Robot

Soft-matter robotics, which is named for robots made from soft materials, will possibly conquer the limit of conventional rigid body dynamics of hard robots made from hard materials. For example, a snake-like robot, of which body is made from soft materials, will walk in various environments including narrow space like drain pipes with complicated structure. Here we developed a walking robot with the friction control of double-network hydrogel (DN gel) on its feet, as the first model based on the concept of the soft-matter robotics. It is found that with appropriate control of the friction of DN gel, the inchworm walking robot has realized its high enough velocity for pipe inspection. We discussed the physical principle of the walking motion of the inchworm search robot and its actual mechanism to provide thrust for its walking motion.
Multimodal Sensory Representation for Object Classification via Neocortically-inspired Algorithm

This study reports our initial work on multimodal sensory representation for object classification. To form a sensory representation we used the spatial pooling phase of the Hierarchical Temporal Memory - a Neocortically-inspired algorithm. The classification task was carried out on the Washington RGB-D dataset in which the employed method provides extraction of non-hand engineered representations (or features) from different modalities which are pixel values (RGB) and depth (D) information. These representations, both early and lately fused, were used as inputs to a machine learning algorithm to perform object classification. The obtained results show that using multimodal representations significantly improve (by 5 %) the classification performance compared to a when a single modality is used. The results also indicate that the performed method is effective for multimodal learning and different sensory modalities are complementary for the object classification. Therefore, we envision that this method can be employed for object concept formation that requires multiple sensory information to execute cognitive tasks.
Semantic Segmentation of 3D Reconstructions of Building Facilities

Scan-to-BIM is the process of converting a 3D reconstruction into a building information model (BIM). The process has two parts: (1) sorting subsets of the reconstruction into classes (semantic segmentation) defined by a BIM taxonomy and (2) identifying geometric parameters describing each class instance. Here we demonstrate the ability of deep learning artificial neural networks to semantically segment images of building facilities. We found this deep learning approach capable of simultaneously recognizing: ceiling, wall, plumbing, duct, door, floor, and stairs classes. This semantic scope surpasses state-of-the-art building system recognition methods and represents progress towards comprehensive BIM creation.
SDSS QUASARS IN THE WISE PRELIMINARY DATA RELEASE AND QUASAR CANDIDATE SELECTION WITH OPTICAL/INFRARED COLORS

We present a catalog of 37,842 quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7, which have counterparts within 6″ in the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) Preliminary Data Release. The overall WISE detection rate of the SDSS quasars is 86.7%, and it decreases to less than 50.0% when the quasar magnitude is fainter than i = 20.5. We derive the median color–redshift relations based on this SDSS–WISE quasar sample and apply them to estimate the photometric redshifts of the SDSS–WISE quasars. We find that by adding the WISE W1- and W2-band data to the SDSS photometry we can increase the photometric redshift reliability, defined as the percentage of sources with photometric and spectroscopic redshift difference less than 0.2, from 70.3% to 77.2%. We also obtain the samples of WISE-detected normal and late-type stars with SDSS spectroscopy, and present a criterion in the z − W1 versus g − z color–color diagram, z − W1 > 0.66(g − z) + 2.01, to separate quasars from stars. With this criterion we can recover 98.6% of 3089 radio-detected SDSS–WISE quasars with redshifts less than four and overcome the difficulty in selecting quasars with redshifts between 2.2 and 3 from SDSS photometric data alone. We also suggest another criterion involving the WISE color only, W1 − W2 > 0.57, to efficiently separate quasars with redshifts less than 3.2 from stars. In addition, we compile a catalog of 5614 SDSS quasars detected by both WISE and UKIDSS surveys and present their color–redshift relations in the optical and infrared bands. By using the SDSS ugriz, UKIDSS, YJHK, and WISE W1- and W2-band photometric data, we can efficiently select quasar candidates and increase the photometric redshift reliability up to 87.0%. We discuss the implications of our results on the future quasar surveys. An updated SDSS–WISE quasar catalog consisting of 101,853 quasars with the recently released WISE all-sky data is also provided.
Functionality and quality of life of patients with unilateral lymphedema of a lower limb: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Lymphedema of the lower limbs is a chronic disease caused by damage to the lymphatic system that influences people’s mobility, functionality, and quality of life. Questionnaires and physical test are very practical, easy to apply, and low cost methods that provide important data for evaluation of these patients. Objectives To evaluate the influence of unilateral lower limb lymphedema on functionality and quality of life, correlating 3 assessment tools. Methods This was a descriptive study investigating 25 patients of both sexes with unilateral lymphedema in a lower limb. Limb volume was assessed using circumferential tape measurements, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) was used to assess quality of life, the Lymphoedema Functioning, Disability and Health Questionnaire for Lower Limb Lymphoedema (Lymph-ICF-LL) was used to assess physical, mental, and social skills related to lymphedema, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test was used for functional assessment. Results Lymphedema was present throughout the affected lower limb of participants. The domains most affected by lymphedema were physical aspects (25.0 ± 31.4) and emotional aspects (36.0 ± 42.9) from the SF-36 and the mobility domain (6.0 ± 2.6) from the Lymph -ICF-LL. Patients performed the TUG in 9.88 ± 1.98 seconds. The TUG was correlated with the questionnaires and the questionnaires were correlated with each other. Conclusions People with unilateral lower limb lymphedema exhibited negative impacts on quality of life and functionality, as evaluated by questionnaires, which were correlated with each other. TUG performance was within normal limits, but results correlated with the questionnaires used.