Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential impacts of cold frontal passage on air quality over the Yangtze River Delta, China

Abstract. Cold frontal passages usually promote quick removal of atmospheric pollutants over North China (e.g. the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region). However, in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), cold fronts may bring air pollutants from the polluted North China Plain (NCP), thereby deteriorating the air quality in the YRD. In this study, a cold frontal passage and a subsequent stable weather event over YRD during 21–26 January 2015 was investigated with in situ observations and Weather Research and Forecasting – Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System simulations. Observations showed a burst of PM2.5 pollution and an obvious southward motion of PM2.5 peaks on the afternoon of 21 January, suggesting a strong inflow of highly polluted air masses to YRD by a cold frontal passage. Model simulations revealed an existing warm and polluted air mass over YRD ahead of the frontal zone, which climbed to the free troposphere along the frontal surface as the cold front passed, increasing the PM2.5 concentration at high altitudes. Strong north-westerly frontal airflow transported particles from the highly polluted NCP to the YRD. As the frontal zone moved downstream of YRD, high pressure took control over the YRD, which resulted in a synoptic subsidence that trapped PM2.5 in the boundary layer. After the cold frontal episode, a uniform pressure field took control over the YRD. Locally emitted PM2.5 started to accumulate under the weak winds and stable atmosphere. Tagging of PM2.5 by geophysical regions showed that the PM2.5 contribution from the YRD itself was 35 % and the contribution from the NCP was 29 % during the cold frontal passage. However, under the subsequent stable weather conditions, the PM2.5 contribution from the YRD increased to 61.5 % and the contribution from the NCP decreased to 14.5 %. The results of this study indicate that cold fronts are potential carriers of atmospheric pollutants when there are strong air pollutant sources in upstream areas, which may deteriorate air quality in downstream regions.
ConvNets Develop Organizational Principles of the Visual Cortex when using Ganglion Cell-Based Sampling

The distribution of retinal ganglion cells in primate visual systems portrays a densely distributed central region, with an incrementally decreasing cell density as the angle of visual eccentricity increases. This results in a non-uniform sampling of the retinal image that resembles a wheelbarrow distortion. We propose that this sampling gives rise to several organizational properties of the primate visual system, including cortical magnification, linear relationship between eccentricity and receptive field sizes, eccentricity-dependent drop-off in spatial-frequency preference, and radial bias. We test this hypothesis by training a convolutional neural network to classify the orientation of sine gratings and Gabor stimuli, resampled according to retinal ganglion cell distributions. Our simulations show that introducing this sampling step gives rise to the aforementioned organizational principles in convolutional layers while only minimally affecting their classification performance. This lends credence to the notion that the retinal ganglion cell distribution is an important factor for the emergence of these organizational principles in visual systems.
Ship stability for masters and mates

Linking Ship Stability and Ship Motions: Forces and Moments Centroids and the centre of gravity Density and specific gravity Laws of flotation Effect of density on draft and displacement Transverse statical stability Effect of free surface of liquids on stability TPC and displacement curves Form coefficients Simpsons Rules for areas and centroids Second moments of areas Calculating KB, BM and Metacentric Diagrams Final KG twenty reasons for a rise in G Angle of List Moments of statical stability Trim or longitudinal stability Stability and hydrostatic curves Increase in draft due to list Water pressure Combined list and trim Calculating the effect of free surface of liquids (FSE) Bilging and permeability Dynamical stability Effect of beam and freeboard on stability Effects of side winds on stability Icing allowances - effects on trim and stability Floodable and Permissible length curves Tabular and assigned Freeboard Marks Timber ship Freeboard marks IMO Grain Rules and angle of list Angle of Loll True mean draft The Inclining Experiment or Stability Test Effect of trim on tank soundings Drydocking and grounding Liquid pressure and thrust - Centres of pressure Ship squat Interaction Heel due to turning Rolling, pitching and heaving motions Synchronous rolling and Parametric rolling of ships List due to bilging side compartments Effect of change of density on draft and trim List with zero metacentric height The Deadweight Scale The Trim and Stability book The Calibration book soundings and ullages Simplified stability information A trim and stability pro-forma sheet Linking Ship Stability and Ship Strength: Bending of beams Bending of ships Strength curves for ships Bending and shear stresses
Heat transfer enhancement by metal foam during nucleate pool boiling of refrigerant/oil mixture at a wide range of oil concentration

Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of refrigerant/oil mixtures on metal foam covers were experimentally investigated at a wide range of oil concentrations. The refrigerant and oil are R113 and VG68, respectively; and the oil concentration varies from 0% to 40%. The copper foams have pores per inch (ppi) of 10 and 20 and porosity from 90% to 98%. Experimental conditions include a saturation pressure of 101 kPa (14.696 psi), and heat flux from 30 to 137 kW m−2 (2.6417 to 12.064 Btu s−1 ft−2). The experimental results indicate that the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficients on copper foam covers are larger than those on a plain heating surface by a maximum of 450%; the presence of oil deteriorates the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer on copper foam covers by a maximum of 90%. With the increase of oil concentration, the deterioration effect on high ppi metal foams is more obvious than that for low ppi. A correlation for predicting the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficient of refrigerant/oil mixtures on metal foam covers is developed, and it agrees with 90% of the experimental data within a deviation of ±30%.
Development of surface roughness prediction model for high speed end milling of hardened tool steel

The quality of the surface plays a very important role performance of milling as a good-quality milled surface in a variety of manufacturing industries including the aerospace and automotive sectors where good quality surface significantly improves fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, or creep life. This study discussed the issue of surface machined quality and the effort taken to predict surface roughness. For thus purpose , hardened materials AISI H13 tool steel with hardness of 48 Rockwell Hardness (HRC) was chosen for work material. Machining was done at High Cutting speed (Vc) from 150 up to 250 m/min, feedrate (Vf) 0005-0.15 mm/rev and depth of cut (DOC) 0.1-0.5mm. The analysisi and observation of the surface roughness were done by using optical surface roughness machine. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Model was used to design the prediction model with parameters generated by using Central Composite Face (CCF) methods. A prediction model developed with 90% accuracy with the conclusion of feedrate as the main contributor to surface roughness followed by cutting speed. Therefore, RSM has been proven to be an efficient method to predict the surface finish during end-milling of H13 tool steel using TiAIN coated carbide tool inserts under dry conditions.
Field measurements of earth pressure on a cantilever retaining wall

Field observations of the performance of an 11-ft (3.4-m) high cantilever wall on clay soil retaining a highway embankment in Houston, Texas were obtained. Measurements of wall translation and tilt, lateral earth pressure on the back face and bearing pressure on the footing were made periodically throughout a one-year period. Data acquisition began immediately after wall construction; data were obtained before, during and after placement of the select sand backfill. Measured lateral and bearing pressures were compared with calculated values obtained by published analytical methods, including the well-known Rankine and Coulomb theories of lateral earth pressure. Measured lateral pressures were integrated to obtain the resultant force on the wall. The resultant force was also computed by Culmann's graphical method for comparison with the value obtained by integration. Surcharge effects were studied by comparing the pressures and forces acting on the wall before and after placement of clay above the select sand backfill. (FHWA)
A recent trends in the implementation of Intranet based measurement and monitoring

The Internet is an attractive system that can link protection and control systems widely distributed within the power system. The implementation of Internet technologies in protection and control systems and in power equipment monitoring devices will allow free and flexible acquisition of power system information and equipment sensor information at remote locations. By utilizing general-purpose Internet technologies such as IP telecommunication and browsers, widely distributed data can be collected easily. The implementations of Internet technologies within products that feature these characteristics are already at commercial stage in their application to the electric power systems. This paper describes basic technologies applying the Internet technologies in protection and control systems and power equipment monitoring devices and provides practical systems using the basic technologies.
Airborne quantum key distribution: a review [Invited]

Remarkable achievements have been witnessed in free-space quantum key distribution (QKD), which acts as an available approach to extend the transmission range of quantum communications. The feasibility of transmitting qubits through the free-space channel with the aid of moving platforms like satellites, aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been verified. In view of the limited working time and resource consumption of the satellite-based QKD and the last-mile challenges of connecting satellite nodes with terrestrial networks, the airborne QKD is expected to provide flexible and relay links for the large-scale integrated network. This paper reviews the recent significant progress of QKD based on aircraft or UAVs, highlights their critical techniques, and prospects the future of airborne quantum communications.
DEVELOPMENT OF ARMED FORCES QUALIFICATION TEST AND PREDECESSOR ARMY SCREENING TESTS, 1946-1950

Abstract : The problems encountered in the development of the AFQT are summarized, and the outcome of attempts to solve the problems is described. Experience with earlier tests is discussed to permit a better understanding of the development of the AFQT. A comparison of the AFQT scores obtained under operational conditions and under standard conditions indicated the following: (1) slippage occurred in the operational scores for enlistees and inductees as indicated by the pile-up of scores at the cut-point; (2) under standard administration, the pile-up at the cut-point was absent, and the original standardization percentiles were obtained; and (3) the correction of operating conditions of test administration was considered the solution for avoiding the discrepancies which appear in operational AFQT scores.
The Telecommunications Equipment Industry

The telecommunications equipment industry is enjoying rapid growth as the cable television and telephone companies work to bring interactivity to the home. A favorable regulatory environment, new technologies, and new markets are also fueling growth.This presentation comes from The Telecommunications Industry conference held in New York, New York, on November 10-11, 1993.
Synthetic-to-Real Domain Adaptation Joint Spatial Feature Transform for Stereo Matching

Most deep learning-based state-of-the-art stereo matching methods significantly depend on large-scale datasets. However, it is implausible to collect sufficient real-world samples with dense and clear ground-truth disparity maps in practice. Although synthetic datasets’ appearance has alleviated the demand for extensive real data, there is a domain shift between synthetic and real sets. To tackle this problem, we propose an individually trained synthetic-to-real domain adaptation (SDA) network that maps synthetic images into the real domain. Specifically, our approach translates the data style from synthetic domain to real domain while maintaining the content and the spatial information. First, edge cues are leveraged to guide domain adaptation in preserving the spatial consistency between input and the generated image. Second, we combine the spatial feature transform (SFT) layer to effectively fuse features from the edge map and the source image. Extensive experiments demonstrate that: 1) when only trained on synthetic data and generalized to real data, our model evidently outperforms many state-of-the-art domain adaptation methods; 2) our translated synthetic datasets (TSD) help to improve the generalization capability of any stereo matching CNNs. Codes and data will be available at https://github.com/Archaic-Atom/SDA_network.
Package technology for microcavities

Although Microcavities are promising in a variety of novel devices, there is slow development in microcavity based practical devices due to the lack of the package technology. In this paper, for the first time, we demonstrate the package technology for the microcavity coupling system to promote the development of the microcavity based practical applications. The package process are illustrated in detail. The changes which result from the package are also discussed. In addition, the advantages of the packaged structure are characterized, including the Q maintenance, robustness and the convenience. These advantages make this packaged structure promising in microcavity based practical devices.
Simulated Attack Reveals How Lesions Affect Network Properties in Poststroke Aphasia

Aphasia is a prevalent cognitive syndrome caused by stroke. The rarity of premorbid imaging and heterogeneity of lesion obscures the links between the local effects of the lesion, global anatomic network organization, and aphasia symptoms. We applied a simulated attack approach in humans to examine the effects of 39 stroke lesions (16 females) on anatomic network topology by simulating their effects in a control sample of 36 healthy (15 females) brain networks. We focused on measures of global network organization thought to support overall brain function and resilience in the whole brain and within the left hemisphere. After removing lesion volume from the network topology measures and behavioral scores [the Western Aphasia Battery Aphasia Quotient (WAB-AQ), four behavioral factor scores obtained from a neuropsychological battery, and a factor sum], we compared the behavioral variance accounted for by simulated poststroke connectomes to that observed in the randomly permuted data. Global measures of anatomic network topology in the whole brain and left hemisphere accounted for 10% variance or more of the WAB-AQ and the lexical factor score beyond lesion volume and null permutations. Streamline networks provided more reliable point estimates than FA networks. Edge weights and network efficiency were weighted most highly in predicting the WAB-AQ for FA networks. Overall, our results suggest that global network measures provide modest statistical value beyond lesion volume when predicting overall aphasia severity, but less value in predicting specific behaviors. Variability in estimates could be induced by premorbid ability, deafferentation and diaschisis, and neuroplasticity following stroke. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Poststroke, the remaining neuroanatomy maintains cognition and supports recovery. However, studies often use small, cross-sectional samples that cannot fully model the interactions between lesions and other variables that affect networks in stroke. Alternate methods are required to account for these effects. “Simulated attack” models are computational approaches that apply virtual damage to the brain and measure their putative consequences. Using a simulated attack model, we estimated how simulated damage to anatomic networks could account for language performance. Overall, our results reveal that global network measures can provide modest statistical value predicting overall aphasia severity, but less value in predicting specific behaviors. These findings suggest that more theoretically precise network models could be necessary to robustly predict individual outcomes in aphasia.
A survey of cis regulatory non-coding RNA involved in bacterial virulence

Study of pathogenesis in bacteria is important to find new drug targets to treat bacterial infections. Pathogenic bacteria, including opportunists, express numerous so-called virulence genes to escape the host natural defenses and immune system. Regulation of virulence genes is often required for bacteria to infect their host. Such regulation can be achieved by cis-regulatory RNAs, like the metabolite-binding riboswitches or thermoregulators. In spite of the hundreds of RNA families annotated as cis-regulatory, there are relatively few examples of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in 5′-UnTranslated Regions (UTRs) of bacteria described to regulate downstream virulence genes. To reassess the potential roles of such regulatory elements in bacterial pathogenesis, we collected genes important for virulence from different databases and evaluated the presence of ncRNAs in their UTRs to highlight the potential role of this type of gene regulation for virulence and, at the same time, get insight on some of the physical and chemical triggers of virulence.
Smart charging of electric vehicles to minimize the cost of chargingand the rate of transformer aging in a residential distribution network

Electric vehicles (EVs) exhibit several benefits over combustion engine vehicles, making them an attractive mode of mobility for the future. However, supplying the electrical energy required to recharge their batteries could adversely affect the power system infrastructure. The most severe impact of EV integration is expected to be on the distribution transformers, which are among the costliest equipment in the distribution network. Sustained overloads on the transformer could lead to accelerated aging and early retirement. As the rate of EV deployment rises, so does the probability of transformer overloads and the subsequent loss of life. There is a need for smart charging schemes in which the distribution system operator can schedule the charging of EVs in an optimal manner that prevents overloads and extends the transformer’s life. However, EV owners might hesitate to surrender the charging control of their vehicles for the utility’s benefit alone. Charging-cost minimization has been identified as an effective motivation for EV users to participate in charge management schemes. This paper presents a smart charging scheme, which minimizes the cost of charging EVs by optimizing their charging powers with respect to a real-time pricing tariff. As the electricity price changes dynamically with the system demand, cost minimization is equivalent to network decongestion. A decongested network is less susceptible to overloads and equipment damage. Simulation results show that with smart charging, the charging cost incurred by EV owners as well as the rate of aging undergone by the transformer can be significantly reduced.
China-U.S. cooperation on China's subnational low carbon planning toolkit development and application

In May 2011, the China-based Global Environmental Institute and the US-based Center for Climate Strategies successfully joined the China-U.S. EcoPartnership program. The cooperation aims to adapt a methodology and tools used for making U.S. state climate action plans to China's subnational and municipal contexts, in order to help subnational governments achieve carbon emission targets by making scientific and effective climate and energy policies. To achieve this objective, a China subnational low carbon planning toolkit including a systematic process of selection, design and analysis of climate and energy policies was developed and successfully demonstrated in Chongqing Municipality. Through technical exchange and training, the capabilities of Chinese officials and experts who cooperated with us to quantitatively analyze low carbon development policies have been improved. The cooperation also promoted exchange between Chinese provinces and U.S. states on climate and energy policy.
A New HRTF Interpolation Approach for Fast Synthesis of Dynamic Environmental Interaction

For real-time immersive virtual auditory spaces, a realistic rendering of moving sound sources with no noticeable discontinuities is of valuable importance. Therefore binaural synthesis of the time-varying sound field is performed by updating a dense grid of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). Unless the lowest directional resolution for sampling HRTFs is sufficiently small, direct switching between them will cause an audible artifact that is heard as a click. To avoid this problem and ensure the availability of enough HRTFs, the authors propose a new binaural impulse-response interpolation algorithm based on the solution for the rational minimal state-space interpolation problem. Motivated by the resulting outstanding interpolation accuracy, and in view of reducing the overall synthesis time, the authors first reduced the HRTF length using principal component analysis (PCA) before applying the new rational interpolation method. Compared with existing interpolation techniques, this method allowed a fast and very precise reconstruction of HRTFs, and insured an immersive high-fidelity virtual auditory space.
A keyphrase based traceability scheme

The surface ship command system (SSCS) for the Royal Navy Type 23 Frigate and the Auxiliary Oiler Replenisher (AOR) self-defending logistics vessels is being designed and produced by Dowty-SEMA Ltd. Three constituent companies act as sub-contractors to the consortium in producing parts of the system. The contractual interface between Dowty-SEMA and the sub-contractors at a technical level takes the form of specifications which define the requirements for the subsystems being designed. At an early stage in the system definition, it was decided within Dowty-SEMA that an automated system for tracing the very large number of system requirements from the MoD requirements down to the specifications was essential. Shortly afterwards, RRDS decided to design tools to extend this traceability scheme down from the specifications through the entire software development lifecycle. The paper discusses the purpose of a requirements traceability system, embedded machine readable traceability keyphrases, keyphrase syntax, the Dowty-SEMA traceability scheme, and the RRDS traceability scheme.
Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design

The most-up-to-date resource available on antenna theory and design. Expanded coverage of design procedures and equations makes meeting ABET design requirements easy and prepares readers for authentic situations in industry. New coverage of microstrip antennas exposes readers to information vital to a wide variety of practical applications.Computer programs at end of each chapter and the accompanying disk assist in problem solving, design projects and data plotting. -- Includes updated material on moment methods, radar cross section, mutual impedances, aperture and horn antennas, and antenna measurements. -- Outstanding 3-dimensional illustrations help readers visualize the entire antenna radiation pattern.